Ψυκτικός Κύκλος 07_ebook.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
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| 1
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2007-2013
,
, /
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1. ............................................................................................... 1 2. ............................................................................................... 28 3. , (Split Units) ...................................................................................................................... 28 4. ..................................................................................... 28
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| 1
1.
,
,
.
o
o (condenser)
o
o (evaporator)
, ,
, (
),
.
.
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| 2
1:
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| 3
.
:
, ,
.
(
).
.
Q+ Q =Q
Q =
,
(..) ,
(..) .
2:
-
| 4
,
.
, , , ,
.
.
3:
4:
-
| 5
(condenser)
.
Q
. Q .
, ,
,
(
-h Mollier).
(
)
, , .
.
( ..).
(
), (
). ,
.
( ).
( )
, .
,
.
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| 6
, ,
(- ..)
.
5:
6:
-
| 7
.
.
,
.
(split, room ..)
0,4mm1,4mm
,
.
,
,
.
7:
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| 8
,
,
.
.
.
,
...
( 450C)
00C, ;
, ,
, ,
. ( 75% 25% - flash gas).
, ,
,
.
8:
-
| 9
.
.
,
,
.
.
.
( )
.
(,
)
.
(
).
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| 10
9: (orifice)
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| 11
(evaporator)
(evaporator)
(- .). ,
.
.
.
.
, ,
,
( ),
( )
(superheat).
, ,
... ( ).
, ,
( ,
, ).
,
,
.
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| 12
10:
11:
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| 13
Mollier (- P-H)
Mollier
-h,
,
.
:
,
,
(
).
,
( ) .
,
:
, Kg/cm2 Atm
S.I.(), BAR Pa
Lb/in2 P.s.i.
.
(
) Kg
. . 00C
, .
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| 14
,
00C.
. :
Kcal/Kg
S.I. Kj/kg
B.t.u/Lb
,
Mollier (. ).
Mollier
. :
, .
.
. :
, ,
.
. :
.
.
.
.
, .
. : , ,
,
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| 15
.
90%-10% 10% -90% -
.
.
12: -h
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| 16
.
,
.
,
.
. ,
-
.
. (s)
1 Kg
10. . :
Kj/kg0K, Kcal/Kg0K
. M3
1Kg (M3/Kg).
.
1 Kg 1 M3 (M3/kg).
-h,
.
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| 17
-
.
o
o
o
o
:
o
o .
( )
1,5bar 12bar,
.
Q=300-
200=100KJ/KG.
w.
w=100KJ/KG
,
.
,
.
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| 18
H
KJ/KG
12
1
200 300
p
bar
,
q .
,
.
,
,
.
13:
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| 19
, .
,
.
,
.
,
w,
,
.
q.
... q
.
q= ... (q)+ (w)
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| 20
H
KJ/KG
12
1
200 300
Wq
80
p
bar
( ),
( ).
.
, ,
. (
)
, .
12bar 1bar.
14:
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| 21
H
KJ/KG
12
1
200 300
80
P
BAR
.
, ,
, ,
,
15:
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| 22
,
q
.
, ( )
.
, ,
,
( ).
- .
, ...q
,
.
Q = 200-80=120 KJ/Kg
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| 23
H
KJ/KG
12
1
200 30080
P
BAR
q
...
16:
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| 24
H
KJ/KG
12
1
200 300
Wq
80
P
BAR
-h
,
.
, . .
( ),
.
, ,
.
, (i.s.o.
..).
17:
-
| 25
Mollier :
.
,
.
( ),
.
. ,
.
.
.
, .
,
. , , ,
.
, ...
,
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| 26
H
KJ/KG
12
1
200 300
Wq
8050
P
BAR
,
.
(C.O.P)
.
C.O.P.
.
18:
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| 27
, q (..) w ( ),
,
-h.
:
C.O.P=q/w=120/100=1,2
.
C.O.P.= /
, Q , .
Q=q(...) m
m ( Kg/h)
m V M3/h
, ,
Kg/M3 Mollier.
() ,
, .
=W( ) m
.
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| 28
2.
,
.
, (
),
, (ASH RAE -
, CECOMAF -
) .
:
30C - 7 0C
-120C -180C
-240C -
320C.
:
, 5,5 22,1 , (
.
,
().
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| 29
.
. :
7 cm 4 cm
9 cm 5 cm
: 3*** 4****.
3*** -18 o 4* * * * -24o.
:
( )
( )
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| 30
()
30C 70C .
.
- 120C
-240C. ,
.
,
, .
-200C,
.
-40C- 00C
30C- 70C.
.
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| 31
( ).
1.
.
2.
. ,
.
3. ,
, ,
.
.
.
,
.
( ).
200 btu/h-1000 btu/h.
.
,
.
, , ,
.
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| 32
, ,
, , (NO
FROST).
,
.
.
,
.
.
,
. ,
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| 33
,
.
(),
,
.
.
.
:
19: ,
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| 34
. ,
.
(
) 1/3 - 3/8. R12 (
), R 134a
R600 (), R12 .
R134a
20% , 20%.
, .
, , ,
,
.
20:
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| 35
.
( -
)
.
(
, ).
( )
( ).
Schrader, service ,
.
.
.
15C 22C
21:
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| 36
.
, ,
, ,
.
22:
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| 37
( )
.
:
( )
.
:
1.
2.
3.
23:
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| 38
. :
1/9 7ft* 0,030 (0,75mm)
1/3 15ft 0,049(1,25mm)
* (1ft 0,304m)
:
( , L
(. ).
,
.
.
,
,
.
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| 39
,
, (
) . .
.
, ,
.
.
:
gel
gel
.
1/12 3/4 .
. 1000C.
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| 40
.
. .
()
.
.
. ,
.
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
.
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| 41
,
up top.
.
.
, ,
.
,
.
.
(),
, ..
.
,
.
,
.
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| 42
, ,
, .
.
.)
.
-
, ( S p l i t U n i t s )
| 28
3. , (Split Units)
,
,
. -,
( ),
.
,
:
-
,
.
-
, ( S p l i t U n i t s )
| 29
,
, ,
,
. , ,
.
-
. ,
, .
24:
-
, ( S p l i t U n i t s )
| 30
, ,
,
.
, .
,
,
. ,
,
.
25:
-
, ( S p l i t U n i t s )
| 31
,
. ,
.
,
.
, ,
, , bar, .. ,
, .
26:
-
, ( S p l i t U n i t s )
| 32
,
2,0 6,0
kW.
, ,
.
,
(. ). ,
27:
-
, ( S p l i t U n i t s )
| 33
.
:
( ,
)
, ,
. , ,
.
,
(). ,
,
,
.
,
(. ).
:
(ON/OFF)
-
, ( S p l i t U n i t s )
| 34
(, , ,
, )
(. )
:
( )
( 1.9),
(rotary) (scroll)
(screw) ,
.
,
,
.
-
, ( S p l i t U n i t s )
| 35
, .
,
, ,
bypass .
/ :
, / "" ""
"
" "" . , /
, .
.
,
,
, .
(.. ), /
, ,
,
.
,
. ..
.
-
, ( S p l i t U n i t s )
| 36
1. ( ),
- ( ).
,
. , ,
.
2. ( )
( ). ,
.
3. .
28:
-
, ( S p l i t U n i t s )
| 37
) . ,
.
"",
,
, . ,
.
,
,
, ,
.
29:
-
, ( S p l i t U n i t s )
| 38
. ,
(. ) ,
. ,
.
,
.
(.. , ),
.
, 2,20 m
,
,
. ,
,
.
,
,
-
, ( S p l i t U n i t s )
| 39
. ,
. ,
. ,
,
, ,
(. ).
,
. ,
(. ).
,
,
(. ),
.
.
(1, 2, 3, 4, ...)
-
, ( S p l i t U n i t s )
| 40
,
, .
,
,
,
.
, (. ),
. ,
service .
, service ,
, .
,
. ,
.
, ,
,
.
, .
,
( ). ,
-
, ( S p l i t U n i t s )
| 41
,
.
, ,
, . ,
5 m, 30 gr
.
, ,
' .
,
.
,
.
,
, . ,
:
1. ,
. ,
,
.
2.
, (.
)
-
, ( S p l i t U n i t s )
| 42
3. ,
. ,
, ,
.
4. (0 bar
),
.
.
,
30:
-
, ( S p l i t U n i t s )
| 43
.
, .
.
,
, .
-
| 28
4.
, .
.
, ,
. ,
:
, . ,
:
:
,
-
| 29
(, , , ).
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.
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,
:
,
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,
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,
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,
:
( ).
.
.
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| 30
.
.
, .
,
.
, ,
,
. ,
, .
,
(/) .
,
.
(Fan Coils FCUs)
(), .
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| 31
31: Fan Coil
32: ,
-
| 32
Fan Coil Units FCUs ( ).
,
.
FCUs ,
, ,
.
, ,
.
FCUs ,
, CFM (1 L/s = 2,13 CFM). 200,
300, 400, 600, 800, 1000 1200 CFM.
FCU .
FCUs, (.. FC20,
FC30) L/s.
Fan Coils
, ,
. ,
FCUs ( ), (
), .
-
| 33
Fan Coil
Fan Coil :
. FCUs,
.
,
. FCU
, .
.
Fan Coil
. FCUs
33: FCU ,
-
| 34
,
, .
,
.
.
, FCU.
(On Off),
.
FCU, (
) ,
.
()
,
,
:
-
| 35
.
,
AHU ( Air Handling Units),
. ,
, .
,
.
, ,
,
() .
, .
.
34:
-
| 36
, , ,
.
, ,
.
,
.
35: ,
-
| 37
, ,
. ,
( )
,
( ).
,
.
:
( )
36:
-
| 38
( ),
.
(. ).
.
,
, .
. (Spray)
-
| 39
( ),
, ,
.
, , .
.
37:
-
| 40
.
,
.
, .
.
,
.
38:
-
| 41
. ,
() .
. ,
.
, .
,
.
75 % 90 % .
, .
0,8 m 0,12 mm.
-
| 42
, :
, ,
,
.
-
| 43
.
. ,
.
(splitters),
.
.
, ,
.
.
.
( )
:
. .
.
, .
.
-
| 44
, ,
.
,
.
:
()
-
| 45
(),
. ,
.
:
39:
-
| 46
1. :
.
6-10 m/s. ,
10-12 m/s.
. 12 m/s.
,
25 m/s.
,
.
10 m/s
7-9 m/s,
12 m/s 9-11 m/s.
2. , :
. 100 mm
.
. 100-170 mm
.
. 170-300 mm
300 mm ( ).
, .
, , ,
. ,
-
| 47
.
.
,
.
40:
-
| 48
. ,
(1:1), (
, )
.
,
, :
, ,
.
,
,
( ).
(Fan
Coils) ().
-
| 49
,
,
,
.
,
(FCUs ).
,
.
, ,
() (FCUs)
41:
-
| 50
,
Fan Coils , .
( )
9mm,
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
(FCUs).
FCUs
FCUs FCU
FCUs.
-
| 51
,
.
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
(Fan Coils) , ,
.
FCU
, . FCU
,
, .
-
| 52
.
:
(, FCUs)
-
| 53
:
(Chiller )
(, FCUs)
( )
42:
-
| 54
43:
-
| 55
,
,
.
:
- ( - )
- ( - )
- ( - )
,
.
-
| 56
,
, (COP~2.6)
.
,
.
44:
-
| 57
,
, (
).
,
, ,
.
45:
-
| 58
.
.
, COP 4
5,5. , 1kWh 4 5,5 kWh
.
46:
-
| 59
()
,
.
, .
18-22C. COP
47:
-
| 60
4 4,5 - (
2-2,5).
-
1. 2. 3. , (Split Units)4.