நகர்வு - இதழ் 08 (மே - ஆகஸ்ட் 2010)

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K`u;uk; -ugPcy; Mfpu; Nk-Mf];l; 2010 efu;T - 08

nghUslf;fk;

gpujk Mrpupau;m\;n\a;f; vk;.V.vk;. kd;]{u;

ntspaPl;L MNyhridf; FOm\;n\a;f; v];.vk;.vk;.k]h`pu;

m\;n\a;f; vk;.Mu;.vk;. esPk;

m\;n\a;f; vd;. vk;. wprhl;

01. Mrpupau; fUj;J

02.

03.

04.

05.

06.

gapw;Wtpj;jYf;fhd r%f epWtdq;fs; - Kf;fpaj;JtKk;> rpe;jpf;f Ntz;ba gf;fq;fSk; -

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FHMNdhL ele;J nfhs;Sk; Kiw n\a;f; my; f];]hyp

jha;g; ghYhl;ly; -m\;n\a;f; v];.vk;.vk;.k]h`pu; (esPkp)

r%f Gduikg;gpy; K];ypk; ,isQu;fspd; gq;fspg;Gc];jhj; vk;.V.vk; kd;#u; (esPkp)

,];yhkpag; nghUshjhuj;jpd; eilKiwj;jd;ikfyhepjp Kd;jpu; f/g;

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07.

08.

09. Foe;ij cstpay;- vk;.Mu;.vk;. esPk;

10.

11.

12.

Nagarvu

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MIIR,];yhkpa Ma;TfSf;fhd

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mf;Fwid>,yq;if.

njhiyNgrp ,y: 081-7910410

tpiy tpguk;:jdpg; gpujp: &gh 60.00tUl re;jh: 350.00

tpiy tpguk;:jdpg; gpujp: &gh 60.00tUl re;jh: 350.00

m\;n\a;f; vk;.,]l;.vk;.wprhl;

epu;thf Mrpupau;

[h`pypa;aj;jPikfspypUe;Jefu;tPuhf(`p[;uj; nra;tPuhf) (]_wh Kj;j];]pu;: 05)

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(Naleemi) B.A (Hons)

(Naleemi)

(Naleemi) B.A (Hons), M. philSenior Lecturer,South Eastern University, Oluvil

(Naleemi) B.A.(cey), Counsellor Ministry of Social Service

(Naleemi) B.A.(cey)

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K jd ; i k a hd gz p ,j ; jif a nghUshjhu uPjpahf kpfTk;; jho;e;j e pWtdq ;fis ,af ;Fjy ; vd ;w epiyapNyNa mit fhzg;gLfpd;wd. tFg;G cz;ikiaf; ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L mjw;Fj; xOq;Ffs;> tuT> guPl;ir> jpwik> Njitahd gapw;rpfis toq;fy;.jpwikaw;w khztu;fs; vd;w epu;thf uPjpahd xOq;FfSk; mq;F rPuhf ,y;iy. ,t;tpU tplaq;fspy; ntw;wp ngw;why; mj;NjhL ,tw;wpw;fhd ,l trjpfSk; ,j;jifa gapw;Wtpj;jy; epWtdq;fspy; kpfTk; vspikahfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wd. f hz g ; g L k ; g y t P d q ; f i s A k ; > ,t;thW r%fk; ,e;j epWtdq;fSf;F FiwghLfisAk; ePf;FtJ ,yFthFk;.cupa ngWkhdj;ijf; nfhLf;f tpy;iy.

,];yhkpa ,af;fq;fSk; Fwpg;gpl;l rpwpa gs;spfspy; ,aq;FNthu; kj;u]hf;fspy; tl;lj;jpy; jkJ gapw;Wtpj;jy; vd;w gl;lk; ngw;W ntspahNdhNu. MapDk; e piyf ;F mg ; g hy ; ,g ; gb xU gs;spfspy; 5 Neuq;fs; njhOtpj;jy;> Fj;gh r%ff;fsj;jpyhd gapw;Wtpj;jy; Fwpj;Jf; elhj;jy; vd;w ,uz;NlhLk; kl;Lk; ftdk; nrYj;jy; mtrpak;. mjw;F jkJ mtu;fsJ gzp epd;W tpLfpd;wJ. kpfg; ,Wfpa fl;likg;igj; jsu;j;jp r%fg; ngUk;ghyhd gs;spfs; Ciug; gapw;Wtpf;Fk; nghJ e PNuhl ;lj ;NjhL fyj ;jy ; epWtdkhf ,aq;Ftjpy;iy. mj;NjhL mtrpakhdJ vdyhk;. ,af;fq;fs; Fj;ghf;fSk; $l kpfr;rupahfj; jpl;lkpl;Lg; ,t;thW rpe;jpf;Fkhdhy; ,g; gapw;Wtpj;jy; gad;gLj;jg; gLfpd;wd vd;W $w epWtdq;fis nraw;jpwd; kpf;fjhf KbahJs;sJ. khw;Wtij NkYk; ,yF gLj;j KbAk;.

FLk;gq;fs; kpfg; ngUk;ghYk; ,];yhkpag; ga pw ;Wtpj ;jYf;fhd epWtdq;fshf , a q ; F t j p y ; i y . F L k ; g j ; jiytu;fSf;Nfh> jiytpfSf;Nfh FLk;gg; gapw;Wtpj;jy;> epu;thfk; rk;ge;jkhd mwpitAk;> gapw;rpfisAk; toq;Ftjw;fhd

,yq;if e

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thupRfspy; rpyUf;F capy; vOjptpl;Lr; nry;Yk; xU kuig mtjhdpf;fKbAk;.

2. kuzpf;f Kd;G md;gspg;G vd;w ngaupy; KOr;nrhj;ijAk; gps;isfSf;F kj;jpapy; g pu pj ;Jf;nfhLj;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w kNdhepiyia gutyhf fhzyhk;.

3. kuzpf ;fKd;Ng nrhj ;Jf ;fis gps;isfSf;F kj;jpapy; gfpu;e;jspf;fhky; kuzpj;Jg;Nghd ngw;Nwhiu r%fk; Fiwnrhy;tjid mtjhdpf;fyhk;.

4. nrhj;Jupikahsd; jhd; rk;ghjpj;j nrhj;Jf;fis gps;isfis jpUkzk; Kbj;Jitf;Fk; tiuf;Fk; khj;jpuNk

vkJ ehl;by; ,];yhkpa \uPMit nrhj;Jf;fSf;F cupikngWthu; vd;w KOikahf gpd;gw;w KbAkhd FLk;gtho;T> fUj;Jk;> eilKiwAk; gutyhf cs;sJ.,];yhkpa thupRupikr; rl;lk; Nghd;w

5. gps;isfSf;F kj;jpapNy ghupa gFjpfspy; $l Gwf;fzpg;G ,lk; ngWtij Vw;wj;jho;TfNshL nrhj;Jf;fs; md;gspg;Gr; fhzKbAk;. rPuhd ,];yhkpa FLk;g nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. ePjpaw;w ,j;jifa tho;nthd;iw fl;bnaOg;gTk;> FLk;g md;gspg;gpdhy; gyu; ghjpg;giltij mq;fj;jtu;fSf; fpilNa ,Wf;fkhd fhzyhk;. cwTfs ; Ngzg ;glTk ; nrhj ;Jg ;

gfpu;tPl;bYk;> gps;isfSf;F kj;jpapy; 6. gps;isfs; jj;njLj;J tsu;f;fg; nrhj;Jf;fis md;gspg;Gr; nra;tjpYk; gLtijAk; mtu;fis jdJ gps;isfshff; ,];yhkpa tiuaiwfs; Ngzg;gLtJ kpfTk; fUjp thupRr;nrhj;jpy; gq;Ftoq;fg; mtrpakhdjhFk;. gLtijAk; mtjhdpf;fyhk;. ,];yhkpa thupRupikr; rl;lk;> capu; thOk; ,j;jifa kpfTk; gpioahd fUj;Jf;fSk;> Ng hJ ngw ; N w h u ; g ps ;isfSf ;F t o p j t w p a e i l K i w f S k ; nrhj;Jf;fis md;gspg;Gr; nra;jy; nry;thf;Fr;nrYj;Jk; ,];yhj;Jf;F vd;gtw;NwhL njhlu;ghd ,];yhkpa \uPM khw;wkhd r%f#oypy; ,itfs; Fwpj;j rl;lq;fs; gw;wpa njspTk;> eilKiwAk; kpfr; rupahd ,];yhkpa rpe;jidia ,yq;if K];ypk; r%fj;jpy; ePz;l tpsf;FtJk; mjdbg;gilapNy Kd;khjpup neLq;fhykhf ,y;yhjpUg;gjd; tpisthf k p f ; f ,] ; y h k p a FLk ; gq ; fis gpioahd fUj;Jf;fs;> topjtwpa cUthf;FtJk; Kjd;ikahd gzpfshf eilKiwfs; mtu;fSf;F kj;jpapy; Mokhf mikAk;. gpwkj fyhrhu ghjpg;GfSf;F Nt&d;wpapUg;gij fhzyhk;. cl;gl;L thOk; K];ypk; r%fj;ij Jha mtw;iw gpd;tUkhW milahsg;gLj;j ,];yhkpa jdpj;Jtq;fis tpijj;J> KbAk;. gapw;Wtpj;J MNuhf;fpakhd khw;w nkhd;iw

Vw;gLj;jNtz;ba mtruj; NjitAs;sJ.1. kuzpf;f Kd;du; nrhj;Jf;fis

nrhj;Jf;fis gps;isfSf;F

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kuzj;jpd; Kd;du; nrhj;ijg; gfpu;jYk;

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gpf;`;

m\;n\a;f; vk;.N[.vk;. mughj; fuPk;m\;n\a;f; vk;.N[.vk;. mughj; fuPk;


kuzpf;fKd; capy; vOJk; ,];yhkpa nrhj;Jupikia Muk;gk; Kjy; ,Wjptiu thupRupik rl;lq;fSf;F khw;wkhd xU kuG cj;juthjg;gLj;JfpwJ. khwhf capUld; r%fj;jpy; Mog;gjpe;J fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,Uf;Fk;NghNj gps;isfSf;F kj;jpapy; ,];yhkpa Nehf;fpy; capy; vOJjy; kpfTk; nrhj;Jf;fs; midj;ijAk; toq;fptpl gpioahd kughFk;. Vnddpy; ,];yhkpa Ntz;Lk; vd;Nwh my;yJ mtw;iw \uPmj;jpy; xUtu; kuzpj;jJk; mtu; gps;isfSf;F vOjptplNtz;Lk; vd;Nwh tpl;Lr;nry;Yk; thupRr;nrhj;ij gq;fPL ,];yhk; fl;lhag;gLj;jpf; $wtpy;iy. nra ; A k ; mj p f h u k ; ,iwtDf ;F mNjNtis xUtu; jdJ nrhj;ij khj;jpuKz;L. ,e;j tifapy; jhd; tpUk;Gk; KOtpUg;gj;NjhL jdJ gps;isfSf;F rpyUf;F capy; vOJtij ,iwtd; tpjpj;j kj;j pa py ; e Pj pahf gfpu ;e ;jspg ;gjpy ; thupRupik rl;lq;fSf;F khw;wkhf ve;jj;jtWkpy;iy. Mdhy; mt;thW mikfpwJ. mt;thW kuzpf ;fKd; md;gspg;Gr;nra;jy; r%fj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; kuzrhrdk; vOjtpUk;gpd;my;Fu;Md; $upa rPjdk; Nghd;w kpfTk; gpioahd thupRupik rl;lq;fSf;Nfw;g nrhj;Jf;fis ,];yhj;Jf;F khw;wkhd tof;fq;fis gfpu;e;jspf;FkhW mikaKbAk;. ehd; eilKiwg; gLj;Jk; tifapy; mikaTk; kuzpj;jJk; thupRfSf;F kj;jpapy; $lhJ. kUkfdpd; mOj;jq;fSf;F ,iwtopfhl;lYf; Nfw;g nrhj;Jf;fis gae ; N j h my ; yJ g p s ; isfs pd ; gfpu;e;jspf;FkhW capy; vOJfpNwd; tw;GWj;jy;fspd; NgupNyh md;gspg;G ,];yhkpa thupRupik rl;lq;fSf;F epfof;$lhJ. mt;thW toq;Ftij khw;wkhf kuzrhrdk; mikAkhapd; mjid ,];yhk; md;gspg;ghf fUJtJkpy;iy. thupRfs; gpd;gw;wNtz;bajpy;iy. khwhf ,] ; y h k ; cUt h f ; f h j g p w k j

fyhrhuq;fshy; K];ypk; r%fj;jpDs; ,iwtdpd; nrhj;Jgq;fPl;ilNa mKy; cUthfpa nrhj;J Fwpj;j gpioahd elj;jNtz;Lk;. kuzpj;Njhupd; nrhj;Jfs; tof;fhWfspd; gpd;dzpapy; FLk;gk;> gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gLk; Kiwfs; Fwpj;J jpUkzk;> nrhj;Jg;gq;fPL vd;gtw;iw rl;lq;fs; vJTk; nrhy;yhj gpwkjq;fis Nehf;FtJ kpfTk; jtwhFk;. gpd;gw;WNthu; jhk; tpUk;GNthUf;F

nrhj;Jf;fs; Ngha ;r ; NruNtz;Lk ; nrhj;Jf;fis capNuhL ,Uf;Fk;NghNj vd;gjw;fhf capy; vOjp itf;Fk; kuig VNjhnthU mbg;gilapy; gps;isfSf;F cUthf;fpf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. Mdhy; K];ypk; kj;jpapy; gpupj;Jf;nfhLj;Jtpl Ntz;Lk;> ,g;gbahd gpioahd kuig gpd;gw;wNtz;ba ,y;iyNay; gpd;du; gpur;rpidfs; Vw;glyhk; ve;jtpj NjitAkpy ;iy Vnddpy; Nghd;w fUj;Jf;fis ,yq;if K];ypk; m y ; y h`{j ; jMy h Kd ;$ l ; b N a r%fj;jpd; FLk;gq;fSf;F kj;jpapNy kpfTk; thupRr;nrhj;Jf;fSf;Fupa rl;lq;fis kpfj; gutyhf mtjhdpf;fyhk;. ,];yhkpa njspthf Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shd;. thupRupik rl;lq;fs; Fwpj;j ve;jtpj

mwpTg;gpd;dzpAkw;Nwhu; khj;jpuNk ,g;gb ,];yhkpa \uPMtpd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; fUj;Jj; njuptpf;f KbAk;. ,f;fUj;J kpfg; nrhj;Jupikahsd; jhd; rk;ghjpj;j gutyhf rKjha kl;lj;jpNy fhzg;gLkhapd; nr hj ;Jf ; fSf ;F k uz pf ;Fk ; tiu thupRupik Fwpj;j mwpT vkJ r%fj;jpNy g+uzcupj;Jilatdhf fUjg;gLfpwhd;. g+r;rpa epiapYs;sJ vd;gij vk;khy; ,];yhk; tpjpahf;fpa filikfis czu;e;J nfhs;s KbAk;.epiwNtw;wTk;> cyfpy; nfsutkhf thoTk;> vjpu;fhyk; Fwpj;J mr;rkpd;wp ,Uf;fTk;> ve;j kjj;jpYk;> nfhs;iffspYk;

njhle;Jk; nrhj;Jf;fis itj;jpUg;gJ xU fhzg;glhj xU rpwg;gk;rkhf kuzpj;jtupd; K];ypKf;F ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. ]fhj;> thupRr; nrhj;Jf;fSf;F kpfTk; njspthd `[;> j/th Nghd;w ,];yhkpa flikfis rl;lq;fisr;nrhd;d jdpr;rpwg;gk;rKk;> epiwNtw;wTk; FLk;g kw;Wk; r%fuPjpahd ngUikAk; ,];yhj;ijNa rhUk;. ,j;jifa nryt pdq ;fis Nkw ; nfhs ;sTk ; fz ;z pak pf ; f ,] ;yhj ;ij g p uj p nrhj;Jupik jtpu;f;fKbahj xd;whFk;. epjpj ;Jtg;gLj;Jk; ehk; ,g;gbahf

fUjpf;nfhs;tJk;> gpioahf ele;J vdNtjhd; ,];yhk; xUtDf;Fupa nfhs;tJk; ,];yhkpa \uPMit tpl;Lk; ehk;

gpf;`;

gpf;`;


ntFJh u j ; j p Ys ; N s h k ; vd ; gij ¶ ,khk; Gfhup (u`;) ]`P`{y; Gfhupapy; czu;j;JfpwJ. ~~gps;isfSf;F md;gspg;Gr; nra;jy; vd;w

jiyg;igapl;ljd; gpwF gpd;tUkhW [h`pypa;aj; cUthf;fpa midj;J Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu; gps;isfspy; rpyUf;F gpioahd fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; r%f xOq;Ffs; md;gspg;Gr; nra;jy; $lhJ. khw;wkhf midj;ijAk; ePf;fpa my;yJ newpg;gLj;jpa mtu;fSf;F kj;jpapy; ePjpahf ele;J ,];yhk; gps;isfis jj;njLj;J tsu;f;Fk; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mePjpf;F rhl;rpahf gpioahd kuigAk; vjpu;j;jJ jj;njLj;J ,Uf;fKbahJ. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; gps;isfis tsu;g;gij jilnra;j $wpdhu;fs; : ed;nfhilapy; gps;isfSf;F ,] ;yhk ; > mtu ;fs ; cz;ikahd kj;jpapy; ePjpahf ele;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;.gps;isfsy;y vd;w fhuzj;jpdhy;

mtu;fSf;F thupRr;nrhj;jpy; ve;jg; gq;Fk; ¶ E/khd; gpd; g\Pu; (wop) mtu;fs; kpd;gupy; fpilahJ vd;gijAk; typAWj;jpaJ. Vwpr;nrhd;dij jhd; nrtpkLj;jjhf ,g;D ,];yhk; gy Ehw;whz;LfSf;F Kd;du; MkPu; (wop) mtu;fs; $Wfpwhu;fs;. ~~vdJ mopj;njhopj;j [h`pypa;a kuGfis je;ij vdf;F ed;nfhilnahd;iw gpd;gw ;w pf ;nfhz;L mtw;iw tpl;Lf; toq;fpdhu;. mg;NghJ mk;uh gpd;j; uth`h nfhLf;fhky; ,];yhj;ij gpd;gw;w (wop) mtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;. ,iwJhij epidg;gJ kpfg;ngUk; jtwhFk;. ]_wJy; ePq;fs; rhl;rpahf epWj;Jk; tiuf;Fk; ehd; m`;]hgpNy my;yh`{j;jMyh jj;njLj;J jpUg;jpaila khl;Nld;. mg;NghJ vdJ tsu;g;gij jilnra;tJ Fwpj;J gpd;tUkhW je;ij egpfshuplk; te;J | | ehk; $Wfpwhd;.mk;uhTf;$lhf fpilj;j vdJ kfDf;F Xu;

cq;fsJ tsu;g;Gg; gps;isfis cq;fsJ md;gspg;ig toq;fpNdd;. my;yh`;tpd; Gjy;tu;fshfTk; mtd; Mf;ftpy;iy. ,itfs; JhjNu! vdJ kidtp cq;fis mjw;F

ahTk; cq;fsJ tha;fshy; $Wk; cq;fs; rhl;rpahf epWj;Jk;gb Vtpdhs;. mjw;F thu;j;ijfisj; jtpu cz;ikay;y. NkYk; my;yh`; egpatu;fs; ePq;fs; my;yh`;it gae;J

cz;ikiaf; $Wfpwhd;. mtNd Neu;topia nfhs;Sq;fs;. cq;fsJ gps;isfSf;F fhl;Lfpwhd;. kj;jpapNy ePjpahf ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;

ePq;fs; tsu;j;j mtu;fis> mtu;fspd; je;ijfspd; vd;W $wpdhu;fs;. Gfhup K];ypkpy; ngau;fisf; nfhz;L mioAq;fs;. mJjhd; gjpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;s NtnwhU mwptpg;gpy; egp

my;yh`;tplj;jpy; kpfTk; ePjkhFk;. mtu;fspd; (]y;) mtu;fs; g\Piug; ghu;j;J nfhLj;j je;ijia ePq;fs; mwpatpy;iyahapd; mtu;fs; md;gspg;ig jpUg;gp vLq;fs; vd;W

khu;f;fj;jpy; cq;fs; rNfhjuu;fshfTk;> $w p a j h f t e ; Js ; sJ . vd Nt rpNefpju;fshfTk; ,Ug;gu;. Vw;wj;jho;thf toq;fg;gl;l me;j md;gspg;G

]_uJy; m`;]hg; 4-5 jpUg;gp ngwg;gl;lJ. nrhj;Jupik> gps;isfSf;F kj;jpapy;

¶ ]`P`{y; Gfhupapy; gjpTnra;ag; nrhj;Jf;fis md;gspg;Gr; nra;jy;> thupRr; gl;Ls;s gpd;tUk; rk;gtKk; ,f;fUj;Jf;F nrhj;Jg;gq;fPL vd;gitfs; njhlu;ghf Mjhukhf mikfpwJ.vLj;j ,];yhkpa \uPmj;Jf;F khw;wkhd egp (]y;) mtu;fs; cku; (wop) fUj;Jf;fs;> eilKiwfis Fwpg;gpl;L> mtu;fsplkpUe;J xU xl;lfj;ij thq;fp mitfs; gw;wpa ,];yhkpa \uPMtpd; gpd;du; mjid kfd; mg;Jy;yh`;Tf;F epiyg;ghl;il tpsf;fpNdhk;.md ;gs pg ; Gr ;nra ;Jt pl ;L g pd ;tUkhW Nkw;$wpa ,];yhkpa gpd;dzpapy; epd;W $wpdhu;fs;. ~~eP tpUk;gpaij mjd; %yk; gps;isfSf;F kj;jpapy; nrhj;Jf;fis nra;|| Mjhuk;;: Gfhup.ed;nfhilahf toq;Fk; NghJ rkdhf Nkw;$wpa rk;gtj;ij tpsf;Fk; ,khk; ,g;D toq;f Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ mt;tplaj;jpy; fj;jhgpd; je;ij ,khk; ,g;D `[u; ePjpahf ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj m];fyhdp (wop) gj;`{y; ghupapNy ftdj ;j p w ; nfhs ;sg ; glNtz ;Lk ; . Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.~~mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; cku; ,f;fUj;ijf; fPo;tUk; `jP];fSk; (wop) mtu;fs; mwptpf;Fk; `jP]{f;Fk;> ,khk;fspd; fUj;Jf;fSk; tpsf;Ffpd;wd: ,khk; Gfhup ,l;Ls;s jiyg;Gf;Fk;

||

~~

||

~~||

gpf;`;

gpf;`;


,ilapyhd cwT ahnjdpy;> egp (]y;) nrhj;Jf;fis jkJ gps;isfSf;F mtu ;fs ; cku plk ; mtuJ kfd; kj;jpapy; gpupj;Jf; nfhLf;f KbAkh? vd;w mg;Jy;yh`;Tf;F xl;lfj;ij md;gspg;ghf gpur;rpidapy; epahakhd fhuzq;fspd; NghJ toq;fp tpLq;fs; vd;W nrhy;ypapUe;jhy; mt;thW gpupj;Jf; nfhLf;f KbAk; vd clNd mtu; mjid epiwNtw;wpapUg;ghu;. ,khk;fs; fUJfpd;wdu;. Mdhy; mt;thW Mdhy; mJ ckupd; Vida gps;isfSf;F gpupj;Jf; nfhLf;Fk; NghJ KO nrhj;ijANk ePjp nrYj;jpajhf ,Uf;fkhl;lhJ. ,jd; gpupj;J tplf; $lhJ vdTk; my;Fu;MDk;> fhuzkhf egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ckuplkpUe;J Rd;dhTk; $Wk; thupRupik xOq;fpw;Nfw;gNt nfhs;tdT nra;J mjid kfd; gpupj;Jf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vdTk; `k;gyp

kj;`gpdu; fUJfpd;whu;. mJNt cWjpahd mg;Jy;yh`;Tf;F md;gspg;Gr; nra;jhu;fs;.|| fUj;jhfj; njupf pwJ mf;fUj;ij (gj;`{y; ghup) : - Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l `jP];fs; Mjhuq;fSld; fPNo jUfpNwhk; ,khk; gps;isfSf;F kj;jpapy; nrhj;Jf;fis ,g;D Fjhkh (u`;) K`;dp vd;w jdJ md;gspg;Gr; nra;Ak; NghJ kpfTk; ePjpahf Ehypy; ̀ d;gyp kj;`gpd; fUj;ij Mjupj;J ele;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ij kpfTk; tpupthf tpsf;fpAs;shu;fs;. mtu;fs; typAWj;Jfpd;wd. mePjpahf toq;fg;gl;l Fwpg;gpLk; Mjhuq;fis RUf;fkhf ,q;F nrhj;Jf;fis kPsg;ngWkhWk; egp (]y;) jUfpNwhk; : -mtu;fs;; Ntz;baijAk; mtjhdpf;fyhk;.

jf;thTs;s ve;j K/kpDk; ,jpy; 1. my;yh`{j;Myh thupRr;nrhj;ij kpfj; mePjpapiof;fkhl;lhu; vd;w cz;ikiaAk; njspthf gfpu;e;jspj;Js;shd;. ngz; ehk; Gupe;J nfhs;fpNwhk;. ngWtijg; Nghd;W ,U gq;if Mz;

n gWtjhfTk ; Fw p g ; g p l ; Ls ; s hd ; . ¶ ,iwJhju; (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpajhf capUldpUf ;Fk ;NghJ md;gs pg ;ghf ,g ;D mg ; g h] ; (wo p ) mtu ;fs ; nrhj;Jf;fis gfpu;tJk;> kuzpj;jjd; gpwF mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;. ~~cq;fsJ gps;isfSf;F thupRr;nrhj;ij gq;fPLnra;tJk; rkdhFk;. kj ;j pa py ; ed ;nfhilia rkdhf KOr ;nrhj ;ijAk ; md ;gs p g ; ghf toq;Fq;fs;|| Mjhuk;: ig`fpgf p u g ; gLtjw ;Fk ; > thu p Rr ; nrhj ;J

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nryt pdq ; fs ; > g ps ;isfSf ; f hd ,g;NghJ ,d;DnkhU gpur;rpidf;F nrytpdq;fs; midj;Jk; MizNa rhUk;. tUNthk;. xUtu; kuzpf;f Kd;du;

gps;isfSf;F kj;jpapy; gpf;`;

gpf;`;


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ele;Jnfhs;sy; kl;LNk NghJkhdJ vd;w 3. ]`P`{y; Gfhupapy; gjpTnra;ag; gl;Ls;s rpy ,khk;fspd; fUj;jpypUe;J ,k;KbTf;F E/khd; gpd; g\Pu; (wop) mtu;fs; njhlu;ghd tu KbfpwJ. rk;gtk; Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU epfo;thFk;. xU

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kWikapy ; <Nlw ;wkhd tho;Tf;Fk; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l Mjhuq;fis Fwpg;gpLk; ,khk; toptFf;Fk;,g;D Fjhkh (u`;) `k;gyp kj;`Gila

epiyg;ghl;ilNa gykhd fUj;jhf nfhs;fpwhu; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

gps;isfSf;F kj;jpapy; epahakpd;wp Vw;wj;jho;thf nrhj;Jf;fis md;gspg;Gr; nra;Njhu; Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;l `jP];fspd; x s p a p y ; m e P j p a p i o j ; N j h u h f fUjg;gLfpd;wdu;. vdNt ,j;jifa mepahaj;jpypUe;J kPStjw;F ,uz;L jPu;Tfspy; xd;iw eilKiwg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

1. Vw;wj;jho;thf toq;fpa nrhj;Jf;fis kPsg;ngwNtz;Lk;> mNjNghd;W mepahakhf mjpfk; nrhj;Jf;fis ngw;Nwhu; jpUg;gpf; nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;.

2. VidNahUf;Fk; mNjgq;if toq;fp g+uzg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

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gpf;`;

gpf;`;

~~ckJ ug;gpd; ngaiuf; nfhz;L thrpg;gPuhf|| (myf; 1)

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fyhepjp a+]{g; my;fu;shtp

~~ckJ ug;gpd; ngaiuf; nfhz;L thrpg;gPuhf|| (myf; 1)

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fyhepjp a+]{g; my;fu;shtp

tpil

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,d;W K];ypk;fs; FHMid ntWk; jk; ,iwtdpd; trdq;fis Xjpf;fhl;b guf;fj;ij ngw;Wj;jUk; xU rhjdkhff; mtHfSf;F ey;Yiu toq;fg;gLk; NghJ fUjp mjd; cs;slf;fj;ij KOikahfNt mit Fwpj;J FUlHfshAk; nrtplHfshAk;

~~

||

~~


FHMNdhL FHMNdhL ele;J nfhs;Sk; Kiw ele;J nfhs;Sk; Kiw

n\a;f; my; f];]hyp jkpopy; : m`_ckH

n\a;f; my; f];]hyp jkpopy; : m`_ckH

Fu;M

d;

Fu;M

d;

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Breast feeding ” - www.health-e-mgptpUj;jp mile;j> mgptpUj;jp mile;J learning.com) tUfpd;w ehLfspy; nraw;if ghy;khtpdhy; jha ;g ;ghy ; nfhz;Ls;s r pwg ;Gj ; Vw;gl;l tapw;Wg; Nghf;fpd; fhuzkhf mjpf jd;ikfisAk; jhj;gupaq;fisAk; rpWtu; kuzq;fs; Vw;gl;Ls;sd. (Horton S, ey tpN\l itj;jpau; lhf;lu; `k;jP my;-.....(1996) “Breast Feeding Promotion and [_d;jP gpd;tUkhW tpsf;Ffpd;whu;.priority setting in health ”, Health policy plan II)

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6. fpUkpfis jLf;fty;y gy;tifahd gf;Bupah> itu]; tiffis vjpu;j;J Cl ;lr ; rj ;Jf ;fs ; jha ; g ; ghy py ; epw;ff; $bajhFk;. mj;NjhL gRg;ghypdhy; epuk;gpAs;sd. jha;g;ghy; mUe;Jk; gps;is cUthd Gl;bg;ghiy mUe;jp te;j kpff; FiwthfNt ,iug;ig Neha;fs; gps;isfspd; tapw;wpy; jha;g;giy mUe;jpa kw;Wk; fpUkpfshy; Vw;gLk; Neha;fSf;F gps;isfspd; tapw;wpy; cs;sij tpl gj;J cl;gLfpwhu;fs;. klq;if tpl mjpfkhd msT gf;Bupahtpd; 7. jha; fy;rpak; Fiwe;j xU ngz;zhf msT ,Ug;gjhf mwpQu;fs; fz;L ,Ug ; g pDk ; mtsJ jha ; g ; g hy py ; gpbj;Js;sdu;. (www.drgreene.com) Foe;ijf;Fj; NjitahdsT fy;rpak;

jha;g;ghypdhy; Foe;ijf;F Vw;gLk; gad;fs;fhzg;gLk;. U.S Agency For Healthcare Research and 8. jha;g;ghy; mUe;Jk; gps;is ghNyhL Quality (AHRQ), World Health Organization jhapd; md;G> ghrj;ijAk; cs;thq;fpf; (WHO) Nghd;w epWtdq;fs; 2007 ,y; nfhs;fpd;wJ. ,jdhy; gps;is ey;y cs Nkw;nfhz;l tpQ;Qhd uPjpahd Ma;Tfspd; MNuhf;fpaj;ijg; ngw;W> csuPjpahd Clhf Foe;ijfSf;F jha;g;ghYhl;Ltjd; Neha;fspypUe;Jk; ghJfhg;Gg; ngWfpd;wJ.%yk; mjpf gad;fs; Vw;gLtjhff; fz;L 9. jha ;g ;ghy ; mUe;JtJ kdpj g pbf ;fg ;gl ;Ls ;sJ. mtw ;Ws ; k pf elj;ijfspYk; khw;wj;ijj; jUk;. cyfpy; Kf;fpakhdijf; fPo;tUkhW RUf;fpj; Fw;wr; nray;fspy; <LgLNthupy; rpyuplk; jUfpNwhk;.elhj;jg;gl;l Ma;tpy;> mtu;fSs;

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gjhu ;j ;jq;fis cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. on the long-term effects of breast feeding: cjhuzkhf mkPgpa Ez;Zapu ;fs; systematic reviews and meta-analyses, guTtijj; jLf;ff;$ba bile salt geneva, WHO).stimulated lipase, Flypy; Vw;gLk;

gpw;gl;l fhy Rfhjhu tpisTfs;gf;Bupahtpd; tsu;r;rpiaj; jLj;J> ,Uk;Gr; *rpW Foe;ijahf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ rj;ij toq;ff; $ba lactoferrin, kpfr; rpwpa ghY}l;bapUe;jhy; tsu;e;j ngupatuhdJk; capupdq;fspypUe;Jk; ghJfhf;ff; $ba gy tpisTfs; rhjfkhf mike;J immunoglobulin vd;gtw;iwf; $wyhk;. tpLfpd;wd.

(Glass RI,....(1983) “Protection against cholera in breast-fed children by antibodies in jha;g;ghY}l;lg;gl;l gps;isfSf;F kpff; breast milk”) FiwthfNt M];j;kh> xt;thik (Allergic) Neha;fs; Vw;gLtNjhL Rthr Neha;fs;> * kpff; Fiwthd Neha;j;jhf;fk; tapw;W Neha;fs; vd;gtw;Wf;F vjpuhfTk; jha ; g ; g hYhl ;lg ; gl ;l Foe ;ijfs ; jha;g;ghy; nraw;gLfpd;wJ. (Mead MN jha;g;ghYhl;lg;glhj Foe;ijfis tpl

(2008) “Contaminants in human milk: NehAila jhf;fk; ngWk; tPjk; kpff; weighing the risks against the benefits of Fi w t h f cs ; s J . 2 0 0 4 , y ; breast feeding”). khu;gfg; Gw;WNeha; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ma;tpy; Muk;g VO njhlu;ghf Ma;T nra;j University of k hjq ; fs ; j h a ; g ; g hY hl ; l g ; g l ; l

gps;isfSf;F rpWePuf Neha; guTk; tPjk; Wisconsin, ‘‘ rpWtajpy; jha;g;ghYhl;lg;gl;l ngz;fSf;F jha ;g ;ghYhl ;lg ;glhj kpff; Fiwthff; fhzg;gl;lJ. (Marlid ngz;fis tpl khu;gfg; Gw;W Neha; s,....(2004) “protetive effect of breast feeding Vw;gLtjw;fhd tha;g;G kpff; FiwT” vdf; against urinary tract infection”) fz;Lgpbj;jJ. (Nichols HB,...(2008) “effects of birth order and maternal age on breast cancer risk: modification by whether women had been breast-fed”)

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vLf ;f pd ;wJ. vdNt> jha ;g ;ghy ; WHO 2007,y; Nkw;nfhz;l Ma;tpy; jha;g; N e u j ; i j A k ; r p u k j ; i j A k ; ghYhl;lg;gl;l gps;isfspd; Ez;zwpTg;

g u P l ; i r f s p y ; c a u ; j u j ; i j kpr;rg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ (www.drgreene.com) ntspg ;gLj;jpdhu;fs; vd;w KbT

njhlUk;...ngwg;gl;lJ. (Horta BL,...(2007), Evedence

jha;g;ghy; Mucins vDk; xUtif vjpu;g;Gg; gjhu;j;jq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. mit m j p f G u j q ; f i s A k ; f h N g h itjNuw ;Wf ;fisAk ; cs ;slf ;f pa itahFk;. mit gf;Bupahf;fSlDk; itu];fSlDk; xl;bf; nfhz;L> ,Wjpapy; ,urhad kUe;JfSf;F khw;wkhf - ve;jtpjkhd gf;ftpisTfSkpd;wp mtw;iw Kw;whf mopj;J tpLfpd;wd. (Leslie Burby, 101 reasons to breastfeed your child, www.promom.org,2005)

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,


r%fg; Gzuikg;gpy; K];ypk; ,isQu;fspd;

gq;fspg;G

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c];jhj; vk;.V.vk; kd;]_u; (esPkp)c];jhj; vk;.V.vk; kd;]_u; (esPkp)


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(miy) mtu;fs; mr;r%f tpLjiyf;fhfg; mLj;J tUk; jiyKiwapdUf;F Fwpg;gpl;l Nghuhl vOe;j NghJ mtNuhL xj;Jioj;J r%fj;jpd; ehfuPfj;ijAk;> rpe;jidiaAk; cz;ikahfNt Nghuhl Kd;te;jtu;fs; rpy efu;j;Jk; gpujhd Clfk; FLk;gk;. ,isQu;fs; kl;LNk. mf;FLk;gj;jpd; jiyik MzhapDk;>

ngz;zhapDk; ,isQu;fsplNk cs;sJ. mbikg;gl;l xU r%fj;jpy; Nghuhl;l mj;NjhL Kw;guk;giuaplkpUe;J ehfuPfk; rf;jpahf vQ;rp epw;ff; $batu;fs; vd;w mkhdpjj;ij ifNaw;gtu;fSk; ,isQu;fNs> vd;w Mo;e;j r%f ,isQu;fNs. cz;ikia ,e;j ,iwtrdk; vkf;Fj;

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my;Fu;Mdpy; ,isQu;fs; midj;ijAk; tpl;L vt;trjpAk; mw;w ,isQu ;fNs Nghuhl ;l rf ;j p FifNa Nky; vdf; fUjp mq;F tho nfhz;ltu ;fs; vd;w cz;ikia Kw;gl;lhu;fs;.

*

*


,isQu;fs; xU nfhs;ifia Vw;Fk; #o;e;jpUe;j NghJ mtu;fsJ gLf;ifapy; N g hJ KOikahf KOkdNjhL gLj;jtu; myp (uop) vd;w ,isQNu. mJ Vw;fpwhu;fs;. mu;g;gzpg;NghL mjw;fhf mtuJ kuzg ;gLf ;ifahff ; $l ciof;f pwhu ;fs ;. mf;nfhs;ifapd ; mike;jpUf;f KbAk;.ghijapy; vjid mu;g;gzpf;fTk; mtu;fs; mg+gf;fu; (uop) mtu;fspd; fhyg;gpuptpy; jaq;Ftjpy;iy vd;w cz;ikia ,e;j my;Fu;Mid xd;Wjpul;Lk; ghupa gzpia trdq;fs; vkf;Fr; nrhy;fpd;wd. jpwd;gl nra;J Kbj;jtu; i]j; ,g;D

jhg pj ; ( uo p ) vd ; w ,isQNu ,isQu; ,g;wh`pk; (miy):cikahf;fspd; fhygg;gpuptpy; %d;W ngUk;

,g;wh`Pk; (miy) mtu;fspd; Nghuhl;l jsq;fspy; Nghuhba ngUk; jsgjpfs; jhupf;

tho;tpd; xU fl;lj;jpy; mtu;fs; rpiyfis ,g;D [pahj;> K];ypk; ,g;D Fijgh>

cilf;fpwhu;fs;. mJ gw;wp my;Fu;Md; fPo; K`k;kj; ,g;D fh]pk; vd;gtu;fNsahtu;.

tUkhW $WfpwJ:,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; kpfg; ngUk; epfo;T

~~rpyu; $wpdu;: ,g;wh`Pk; vd;w ngaUila Nuhk; rhk;uh[;aj;jpd; jiyefuhd Xu; ,isQd; ,e;jr; rpiyfs; gw;wpf; nfhd ;] ;jhe ;J Nehg pis ntw ;w p $Wtij ehk; Nfl;bUe;Njhk;|| (md;gpah:60) nfhz;ljhFk;. K`k;kj; my; ghjp`; vd;w

kd;dNu mjid rhjpj;jhu; mg;NghJ ,q;Fk; ,g;wh`Pk; (miy) vd;w ,isQd; mtUf;F taJ 24 kl;LNk. jdf;F tuf;$ba kpfg; ngUk; mghaj;ijg;

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K];yp%d; ,af;fj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpj;jhu;. ,sik ,t;thwhdJjhd;. tug; NghFk; ,t;thW kpf ,sk; tajpNyNa kpfg; ghupa vj;jifa mghafukhd tpisTfisAk; ,];yhkpa vOr;rpf;F tpj;jpl;L jdJ nghUl ; gLj ;jhJ. ngUe ;Jzpfuf ; ,sikf; fhyk; Kba Kd;dNu mjid fhupaq;fspy; <LgLj;Jk;. Nghuhl;l tho;tpd; cWjp ngw;wjhf Mf;fptpl;L mtu; NghJ Njitahd gz;G ,J.kuzpf;fpwhu;.

,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; ,isQu;fs;: ,] ;yhk p vOr ; r p a pd ; mLj ;j ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; ,isQu;fspd; Kd;Ndhbfshd nksyhdh mGy; m/yh gq;fspg;G kfj;jhdJ. ,iwJhju; (]y;) nksJhjpAk;> \`Pj; nra;aj; FJGk; jkJ mtu ;fs pd ; fhyj ;j py pUe ;Nj ,J ,sikg; gUtj;jpNyNa ,];yhkpag; Muk;gkhfpwJ. kf;fhtpy; ,];yhj;ij Nghuhl;lj;jpy; fye;jhu;fs;. Vw ; wtu ;fs py ; k pf mj pfkhNdhu ; r%ft paw ;fiyfis ,];yhk pa ,isQu;fs;. kpf Kf;fpa fl;lq;fspd; ka g ; g Lj ; jy ; vd ; gjd ; Kf ; f p a NghJ vt;thW ,isQu;fs; gq;fspg;G Kd;Ndhbfspy; xUtu; `hkpj; ugP/. mtu; nra;jhu;fs; vd;gij kl;Lk; fPNo vl;Lj;Jiwfspy; fyhepjpg;gl;lj;ij jUfpNwhk;. Kbj;Jf; nfhz;lNghJ mtUf;F taJ 34 kf;fhtpy; K];ypk;fs; xd;W $l xU ,lk; kl;LNk.Njitg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ jk; tPl;ilf; ,t;thW tuyhW neLfpYk; K];ypk; nfhLj ;Jjtpatu ; mu ;f ;fk ; ,g ;D ,isQu;fs; kpfg;ngUk; gq;fhw;wp ,];yhkpa mgpy;mu;f;fk; (uop) vd;w 16 taJ kl;LNk r%fj;ij epiyf;fr;nra;J gyg;gLj;jpdu;. epuk;gpa ,isQNu. muz;fshf epd;W fhj;jdu;. kjPdhtpw;F `p[;uj; nrd;w re;ju;g;gj;jpy; ,sikf;F ,g;gbnahU rf;jpAk; Mw;wYk; epuhfupg;ghsu;fs; ,iwJhju; (]y;) cs;sJ vd;gJ cz;ik vdpd; K];ypk;fs; mtu;fisf; nfhiy nra;a tPl;il rpWghd;ikahf thOk; ,e;ehl;bYk; K];ypk;

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r%f vOr;rpf;F ,isQu;fshy; ghupanjhU jdpj;Jtj;ijf; fhj;Jf;nfhs;tJ vd;gJ gq;fhw;w KbAk;. mtu;fsplk; ,e;ehl;L ,U tifg;gLfpwJ.K];ypk; r%fk; vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; gq;fspg;G m. fy;tp> nghUshjhuk;> r%ff; fl;likg;G vd;d? vd;gJ ,dp Nehf;fg;gl Ntz;ba vd;gtw;wpy; gyk; ngw;wpUj;jy;.tplakhFk;.

M. ,];yhk pa mw pTg ; gyKk ; > ,yq;if K];ypk; rpWghd;ikAk; Md;kPfg;gyKk; ngw;wpUj;jy;.

,isQu;fspd; gq;fspg;Gk; K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; Fwpg;gpl;l rpwpanjhU

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2. mLj;j r%fq;fSf;Fk; ,];yhj;jpd; r%fj;jpd; mopT ,t;thW jhd; epfo;fpwJ.Jhij Kd;itj;jy;.

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epGzu;fs; kpfTk; FiwT. mg;gbahUk; ,yf;FfSk; ahit vd;gjhFk;. ,q;F ,J cUthfpdhYk; mtu;fs; ,yq;ifapy; gw;wp tpthjpg;gJ Nehf;fkd;W. ,yq;if ,Ug;gjpy;iy. ntspehl;Lg; gy;fiyf; K];ypk; r%fk; ,g;gFjpapy; Kjybiaf; fofq;fSf;F nrd;W tpLfpd;wdu;. $l rupahf vLj;Jitf;ftpy;iy vd;gij ,Uf;Fk; kpfr; nrhw;gj; njhif czu;j;jNt ,t;tplaq;fs; ,q;F %isrhypfs; ntspNaw;wk; kpfg;ghupanjhU jug;gl;ld.ghjpg ;ig Vw;gLj;JfpwJ vd;gjpy; K];ypk; r%fk; vjpu;nfhz;Ls;s rthy;fs; re;Njfkpy;iy. ,q;Nf RUf;fkhf tpsf;fg;gl;ld. K];ypk; 2. ntspehLfspy; njhopy; GupNthu; K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; epiyAk; XusT ,q;Nf r%fj;jpy; mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wdu;. jug;gl;lJ. ,g;NghJ ,e;j r%fj;ijg; ,tu;fspy; kpfg; ngUk; gzf;fhuu;fSk; nghWj;jtiuapy; K];ypk; ,isQu;fs; cs;sdu;. ,tu;fisg; nghUj;jtiuapy; vd;d gzpahw;w Ntz;bAs;sJ vd;gJ ,yq;if nghUl;fs; thq;Fk; re;ij njspthf tpsq;Fk;.kl;LNk. ,tu;fspy; ngUk;ghyhNdhu; ey;y ehk; xU rpWghd;ik ,dj;jpd; mwpTg; gpd;dzp mw;wtu;fs; vd;gjhy; jk; ,isQu;fs;...nry;tj;jhy; fhj;jpukhd gzpfs; vijAk;

fy;tp> nghUshjhuk; Nghd;w gy;NtW nra;a mtu;fshy; Kbtjpy;iy.JiwfspYk; kpfTk; gytPdg;gl;Lg; Nghd

K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; mLj;j nghWg;G mLj;j r%fj;jpd; ,isQu;fs;. ,];yhkpa mwpTk;> r%fq;fSf;F ,];yhj;ij Kd;itj;jy; gapw;rpAk; gutyhf nfhLf;fg;glhjjd; vd;gjhFk;. ,J nraYhf;fk; kpf;f xU fhuzkhf epiwa MSikr; rpijitAk;> nraw;ghlhf khw Ntz;Lkhapd; 3 \u;j;Jfs; jdpj;Jt ,og;Gf;fisAk; nfhz;Ls;s epiwNtw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;. r%fj;jpd; ,isQu;fs; ehk;...1. mLj;j r%fq;fspd; nkhopapy; Mo;e;j mLj;j r%fj;jpw;F Jhij vj;jpitj;jy; Gyik Ntz;Lk;. vg;gbg; NghdhYk; jhkhf tpUk;gp 2. mr;r%fq;fspd; r%f epiygw;wp Mo;e;j ,];yhj;jpy; Eioe;Njhiu gapw;Wtpf;ff;$l mwpT mtrpak;. mtu;fspd; kjk;> mtu;fs; Kiwahd Nghjpa trjpfs; nfhz;l vjpu;Nehf;Fk; gpur;rpidfs; mtu;fs; epWtdq;fis cUthf;fpf; nfhs;sf; $lr; kj;jpapy; fhzg;gLk; rpe;jidg;Nghf;Ffs;> rf;jpaw;w r%fk; ehk;. Nghuhbatu;fs; NtW mtu;fspd; gyk;> gytPdk; Nghd;w ,U r%fq;fs;. Mdhy; tlf;fpd; kpfg; mtu;fsJ r%f nespT> RspTfs; gw;wpa ngupanjhU gpuNjrj;ij ,oe;jtu;fs; ehk;. mo;e;j mwpitNa ,q;F Fwpg;gpLfpNwhk;. mg;gpuNjrj;jpy; kPs; FbNaw ve;jf;

fhj;jpukhd nraw;ghLfspYk; ,wq;fhJ 3. ehfuPf rkepiy: mjhtJ gpur;rhuk; ,d ;dKk ; mfj pfshfTk ; > rf ;j p nra;Ak; r%fj;jpd; ehfuPf juj;jpy; mwpT> gilj ;jtu ; fs ; ,g ; gFj pfs p NyNa tho;Tj; juk; gpur;rhuj;jpw;Fl;gLk; Njhl;lq;fs;> tPLfs; thq;fp epue;jukhfj; r%fj;jpd; ehfuPf epiyf;F XusthtJ jq;fp thoTk; KidfpNwhk;. vt;tsT ghupa rkdhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. xU gpd;jq;fpa mty epiy ,J. mq;F kl;Lkh r%fj;jpd; ehfuPfk;> rpe;jid> khu;f;fk; epykpoe;Njhk;> nrhj;Jf;fis ,oe;Njhk; gw;wp mLj;j r%fq;fs; rhjhuz #oypy; fpof;fpYk; gy ,lq;fs;. ,g;gbg;gy ftdnkLg ; gj p y ;iy . mtu ; fs pd ; mtyq;fs; epiwe;j r%fk; ehk;...gpd;jq;fSf;F mtu;fs; Vw;wpUf;Fk;

khu;f;fKk;> rpe;jidANk fhuzk; vd mj;NjhL Nru;j;J ehk; murpay; ,ay;ghf mtu;fs; fUJtu;. mLj;j mehijfs;...r%fq;fSf;F ,];yhj;ij Kd;itf;Fk; ,J jhd; vk; r%fk; gw;wpa RUf;fk;. rpWghd;ik K];ypk; r%fk; ftdpf;f ,g;NghJ ,e;j r%fj;jpd; ,isQu;fs; Ntz;ba ,d;ndhU cz;ik mjw;fhd gq;fspg;G vd;d? ,e;j r%fj;ijNa kPs; cghaq;fSk;> FWfpa> ePz;l fhy vOg;Gk;> kPs; Gzuikf;Fk; gzp


jiyKiw ,uz;L :

mtu;fSf;FupaJ. gpur;rpidfis czu;r;rp trjpfisAk;> cupikfisAk; jUk; vd g+u ;tkhf Vw ;Fk ; kd epiyAk;> xUNghJk; vjpu;ghu;f;fKbahJ. vdNt mr;rthy;fis Vw;Wg; NghuhLk; Jbg;Gk;> me;j tifapy; mikAk; Nghuhl;lk; NtfKk; nfhz;ltu;fs; ,isQu;fNs. rpWghd;ikapd ; rf ;j p mopTf;Fk ;> vdNt mtu;fNs ,g;gq;fhw;w tuyhw;why; cz;ikahd r%fg; Gzuikg;Gf;fhd miof;fg;gLfpwhu;fs;. Nghuhl;lj;ij tpl;L ntFJhuk; nfhz;L

nry;yTNk cjTk;. ,e;j tifapy; ,q;F mtu;fs; fUj;jpw; nfhs;s Rajd;dpiwTf;fhd topKiwfs; gw;wp Ntz;bait fPo;tUtditahFk;.rpe;jpj;jy; kpf mtrpakhdJ.

,J xU r%fj;jpd; kPs; Gzuikg;Gf;fhd> * khw;wk; vd;gJ gy fl;lq;fisj; jhz;br; tpbTf;fhd Nghuhl;lk;> Xl;ilfis rPu; nry;yf; $Lk;. gy jiyKiwfis mJ nra;Ak; rhjhuz rPu;jpUj;j Kaw;rpay;y.vLj;Jtplyhk;. Ma;thsu;fs; fPo;tUkhW ,jidg; gpupf;fpwhu;fs;. ,J K];ypk; r%fk; vdNt ,];yhkpa

ghu ;ita pd ; ClhfNt ,k ;Kaw ;r p jiyKiw xd;W :nfhz;Lnry;yg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vdNt ,];yhj;ij njspthfTk;> Mo;e;Jk; gbj;j NfhshWfisAk; FiwfisAk;> xU ,isQu; $l;lk; Njit. ,];yhk; gpur;rpidfisAk; ,dq;fz;L r%fj;jpw;F gw;wpa ntWk; NkNyhl;lkhd mwpT mjid czu;j;Jjy;> jk; ghupa tPo;r;rp nfhz;Nlhu ; r%fj;jpd; Gzuikg; epiy gw;wpa gpuf;iQia Vw;gLj;Jjy;. ghsu;fshf xU NghJk; ,Uf;f KbahJ.

r%fj;jpd; tPo;r;rp epiy fz;L> mjid x U r % f j ; i j A k ; m j d ; tpopg;Gwr; nra;tJNt xU ghupa Ntisj;

g pur ;r pidfisAk;> mjd; nespT j pl ;lk ; . mJ r py NghJ xU RspTfisAk; Gupe;J nfhs;s r%ftpay; jiyKiwiaNa vLj;J tplf;$Lk;.fiyfspy; epGzj;Jtk; Njit. mj;jifa ,t;thW xU r%fj;jpd; Gzuikg;Gf;F mwpTg;gpd;dzpiaAk; ,t;tpisQu; gpuptpdu; Ie;J jiyKiwfs; nrd;W tplf;$Lk;. nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ Vwj;jho xU Ehw;whz;L fhyj;ij

,J vLj;J tpl KbAk;. r%f epiy ,J rpWghd;ik r%fk;. vk;ikr; #o nghWj;J ,f;fhyg;gpupT $lNth Fiwe;J ,Ug;git ngUk;ghd;ik r%fq;fs;. vdNt tplNth nra;ayhk;.Nghuhl;lj;j py ; XusT epjhdKk;>

n g h WikAk ; > ftdKk ; N jit jiyKiw ,uz;L :tpj;jpahrkhd cghaq;fSk;> cj;jpfSk;

ek;gpf;if> cs epiyrhu; rPu;NfLfis mtrpak;.rPu;gLj;jy;.

ngUk; ghd;ik K];ypk; r%fj;ij tpl;L ek;gpf;ifg; gFjpapy; Njhd;Wk; tho;T KiwahYk;> vjpu;nfhs;Sk;

Fiwepiwfs; ghuJhukhdit. mit gpur;rpidfshYk;> rthy;fshYk; ehk; r%fj;ij K];ypk; r%fk; vd;w epiyia NtWgLfpNwhk ;. vdNt Nghuhl ;l tpl;Nl mfw;wp tplf; $bait.topKiwgw;wpa jdpahd nfhs;iffSk;

rpj;jhe;jq;fSk; vk;kplk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.rupahd ek;gpf;ifapd; Kjy; tpisT

csg;gupgf;Ftk;. xU r%fk; rPu;glYf;Fk; rpWghd;ik fy;tp> nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp jdpj;jd;ik fhf;fg;glTk; cWjpAld; mgptpUj;jpapd; NghJ jd;dpy; jq;fpapUg;gJ NghuhlTk; Md;kPfk; Mw;Wk; gq;F jtpu;f;f KbahjJ> muNrhL NghuhbNa kfj;jhdJ. ngUk;ghyhd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; m t w ; i w n g w N tz ; L k ; v d ; w ,e;epiyia rPu;nra;a xU jiyKiw xw;iwg;Nghuhl;l xOq;FKiw fhzg;glf; nrd;W tply; ,ay;G.$lhJ. Vnddpy; ngUk;ghd;ik muR kpfg;

ngUk;ghYk; rpWghd;ikf;fhd vy;yh

mtu;fSf;FupaJ. gpur;rpidfis czu;r;rp trjpfisAk;> cupikfisAk; jUk; vd g+u ;tkhf Vw ;Fk ; kd epiyAk;> xUNghJk; vjpu;ghu;f;fKbahJ. vdNt mr;rthy;fis Vw;Wg; NghuhLk; Jbg;Gk;> me;j tifapy; mikAk; Nghuhl;lk; NtfKk; nfhz;ltu;fs; ,isQu;fNs. rpWghd;ikapd ; rf ;j p mopTf;Fk ;> vdNt mtu;fNs ,g;gq;fhw;w tuyhw;why; cz;ikahd r%fg; Gzuikg;Gf;fhd miof;fg;gLfpwhu;fs;. Nghuhl;lj;ij tpl;L ntFJhuk; nfhz;L

nry;yTNk cjTk;. ,e;j tifapy; ,q;F mtu;fs; fUj;jpw; nfhs;s Rajd;dpiwTf;fhd topKiwfs; gw;wp Ntz;bait fPo;tUtditahFk;.rpe;jpj;jy; kpf mtrpakhdJ.

,J xU r%fj;jpd; kPs; Gzuikg;Gf;fhd> * khw;wk; vd;gJ gy fl;lq;fisj; jhz;br; tpbTf;fhd Nghuhl;lk;> Xl;ilfis rPu; nry;yf; $Lk;. gy jiyKiwfis mJ nra;Ak; rhjhuz rPu;jpUj;j Kaw;rpay;y.vLj;Jtplyhk;. Ma;thsu;fs; fPo;tUkhW ,jidg; gpupf;fpwhu;fs;. ,J K];ypk; r%fk; vdNt ,];yhkpa

ghu ;ita pd ; ClhfNt ,k ;Kaw ;r p jiyKiw xd;W :nfhz;Lnry;yg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vdNt ,];yhj;ij njspthfTk;> Mo;e;Jk; gbj;j NfhshWfisAk; FiwfisAk;> xU ,isQu; $l;lk; Njit. ,];yhk; gpur;rpidfisAk; ,dq;fz;L r%fj;jpw;F gw;wpa ntWk; NkNyhl;lkhd mwpT mjid czu;j;Jjy;> jk; ghupa tPo;r;rp nfhz;Nlhu ; r%fj;jpd; Gzuikg; epiy gw;wpa gpuf;iQia Vw;gLj;Jjy;. ghsu;fshf xU NghJk; ,Uf;f KbahJ.

r%fj;jpd; tPo;r;rp epiy fz;L> mjid x U r % f j ; i j A k ; m j d ; tpopg;Gwr; nra;tJNt xU ghupa Ntisj;

g pur ;r pidfisAk;> mjd; nespT j pl ;lk ; . mJ r py NghJ xU RspTfisAk; Gupe;J nfhs;s r%ftpay; jiyKiwiaNa vLj;J tplf;$Lk;.fiyfspy; epGzj;Jtk; Njit. mj;jifa ,t;thW xU r%fj;jpd; Gzuikg;Gf;F mwpTg;gpd;dzpiaAk; ,t;tpisQu; gpuptpdu; Ie;J jiyKiwfs; nrd;W tplf;$Lk;. nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ Vwj;jho xU Ehw;whz;L fhyj;ij

,J vLj;J tpl KbAk;. r%f epiy ,J rpWghd;ik r%fk;. vk;ikr; #o nghWj;J ,f;fhyg;gpupT $lNth Fiwe;J ,Ug;git ngUk;ghd;ik r%fq;fs;. vdNt tplNth nra;ayhk;.Nghuhl;lj;j py ; XusT epjhdKk;>

n g h WikAk ; > ftdKk ; N jit jiyKiw ,uz;L :tpj;jpahrkhd cghaq;fSk;> cj;jpfSk;

ek;gpf;if> cs epiyrhu; rPu;NfLfis mtrpak;.rPu;gLj;jy;.

ngUk; ghd;ik K];ypk; r%fj;ij tpl;L ek;gpf;ifg; gFjpapy; Njhd;Wk; tho;T KiwahYk;> vjpu;nfhs;Sk;

Fiwepiwfs; ghuJhukhdit. mit gpur;rpidfshYk;> rthy;fshYk; ehk; r%fj;ij K];ypk; r%fk; vd;w epiyia NtWgLfpNwhk ;. vdNt Nghuhl ;l tpl;Nl mfw;wp tplf; $bait.topKiwgw;wpa jdpahd nfhs;iffSk;

rpj;jhe;jq;fSk; vk;kplk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.rupahd ek;gpf;ifapd; Kjy; tpisT

csg;gupgf;Ftk;. xU r%fk; rPu;glYf;Fk; rpWghd;ik fy;tp> nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp jdpj;jd;ik fhf;fg;glTk; cWjpAld; mgptpUj;jpapd; NghJ jd;dpy; jq;fpapUg;gJ NghuhlTk; Md;kPfk; Mw;Wk; gq;F jtpu;f;f KbahjJ> muNrhL NghuhbNa kfj;jhdJ. ngUk;ghyhd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; m t w ; i w n g w N tz ; L k ; v d ; w ,e;epiyia rPu;nra;a xU jiyKiw xw;iwg;Nghuhl;l xOq;FKiw fhzg;glf; nrd;W tply; ,ay;G.$lhJ. Vnddpy; ngUk;ghd;ik muR kpfg;

ngUk;ghYk; rpWghd;ikf;fhd vy;yh

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jiyKiw %d;W :jiyKiw %d;W : ,J ,isQu;fspd; gq;fspg;G gw;wp Kd;itf;fg;gl;l rpe;jid. ,jd; xt;nthU

gFjpAk; tpupe;j tpsf;fq;fis Ntz;b murpay; fl;likg;Gf;fhd nfhs;if epw;gdthFk;. fl;Liu kpf ePz;L tpLk;. Kd;itj;jy;. jiyg;ig tpl;L ntspNa nrd;W tplTk;

$Lk; vd;gjhy; XusT RUf;f p jiyKiw ehd;F :mikj;Njhk;.

KOikahfr; r%fj;ijf; fl;likj;jy;.crhj;Jizfs;

jiyKiw Ie;J :1. jt;u; m];]ghg; my; K];ypk; - nksyhdh

tpisTfs; fhzy;. nksJhjp ,t;thW xU r%fj;jpd; Gzuikg;Gf;F 2. mj;juPF kpd; ̀ _dh - m\;n\a;f; my; Ie;J jiyKiwfs; nrd;W tplf;$Lk;. f];]hypmjhtJ Vwj;jho xU Ehw;whz;L fhyj;ij

3. gpf;`; my; mf;fy;ypa;ahj; my; K];ypkh - ,J vLj;J tpl KbAk;. r%f epiy fyhepjp a+]{g; my; fu;yhtpnghWj;J ,f;fhyg;gpupT $lNth Fiwe;J

tplNth nra;ayhk;. 4. Kfj;jpkhj;Jd; gP my;g`;]; my;`yhup - fyhepjp nra;apj; j]_fp my;`]d; ,Wjpapy; Xu; mk;rj;ij Fwpg;gpl

tpUk;GfpNwhk;. khw;wk; gw;wp rpe;jpf;ifapy; 5. ey;uhj;Jd; `yhupa;aJd; gP my; fp\]; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sNtz;ba mjpKf;fpa my;Fu;Mdp - fyhepjp nra;aj; j]_fp tplak; r%fj;jpd; mf epiyahFk;. mq;F my;`]d; gof;fq;fshfTk;> tof;FfshfTk;>

6. my; jd;kpah my;,[;jpkh<ah - fyhepjp khwptpl;l gy gpioahd mk;rq;fSs;sd. Mjpy; ̀ {i]d;gpioahd NtW rpy epWtdq;fs; vk;

tho;tpy; epiyj;J Nt&d;wpAk; tpl;ld. 7. gPopyhypy; Fu;Md; - nra;apj; Fj;g;,tw;Wf;nfjpuhd mfg; Nghuhl;lk; kpfg; ngupaJ> kpfTk; fbdkhdJ.

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r%fj;jpy; fyhr;rhu> nghUshjhu>

Fu;MNdhL... (13 k; gf;fj; njhlu;)Fu;MNdhL... (13 k; gf;fj; njhlu;)

ngUk; gpionahd;iw vd;idawpahkNyNa

ehd; nra;J nfhz;bUg;gij czHe;Njd;.

rpe;jpg;gij tpl;Ltpl;L vOj;Jf;fis

cr;rupg;gjpy; cs;s jtiw nkJnkJthf

khw;w Kad;Nwd;. vd;idNa ehd;

tw;GWj;jpf; nfhz;Nld;. VjhtnjhU

trdj;ij fUj;J tpsq;fhky; Xjptpl;lhy;

mt;tplj;jpy; epWj;jp kPz;Lk; mt;trdj;ij

Xjp fUj;ij tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Sk;

gof;fj;ij nkJnkJthf vd;Ds;

GFj;jpf; nfhz;Nld;.

FHMd; kj;u]hf;fs; tpLk; gpiofisAk;

mit FHMDf;F nra;Ak; mepahaj;ijAk;

jw ; N g hJjhd ; e hd ; czHe ;J

nfhs;fpNwd;. mit “Tape recorder” fis

gl;lk; nfhLj;J ntspahf;Ffpd;wd.

FHMdpa fUj;Jf;fshy; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l

gl;ljhupfis ntspNaw;w ve;j FHMd;

kj;u]hf;fSk; Kaw;rpg;gjpy;iy vd;gJ

ftiyf;Fupa xU tplakhf ,Ug;gNjhL>

vjpHfhyj;jpy; rpe;jpj;J eilKiwg;gLj;j

Ntz;ba xd;whfTk; ,J cs;sJ.


gpujhd %yhjhuq;fshd my;Fu;Md; kw;Wk; ];yhkpag; nghUshjhuk; kw;Wk; ]{d;dhtpNyNa fhzg ;gLf pd ;wd.

my ; F u ; Md hdJ ,U g j ; J%d ; W epjpapay; fz; Nzhl;lj;jpy; eilKiwj; tUlfhykhf K`k;kj; egp (]y;)> jd;ik vd;gJ vd;d? ,];yhkpag; ]`hghf;fs; kw;Wk; mtu;fsJ r%fj;jpd; nghUshjhuk; kw;Wk; epjpapay; Kiwik md;whl eilKiwtho;tpy; ,lk;ngw;w vd;gtw;wpd; Fzhjparq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; rk;gtq;fs;> epfo;Tfs; Mfpatw;Wf;fhd Nehf;Fk; NghJ ,];yhkpa \uPMtpd; rl;l gjpyhf my;yJ jPu;thfNt ,wq;fg;ngw;wJ. tiuGfs;> eilKiw tho;tpd; xOq;Ffs;> mf;fhyg;gFjpapy; VjhtnjhU rk;gtk; , a y ; G f s ; k w ; W k ; m d ; w h l ,lk;ngWk; NghJ> rk;gtj;jpw;fhd \uPM eltbf;iffSld; xj;Jr; nry;tijNa tpjpKiwfis Kd;itf;Fk; tifapy; xU Fwpf;Fk;.rpy Fu;Md; trdq;fs; ,wq;fg;ngw;wd.

,];yhkpa \uPM vjpu;fhy KbTfs;> MfNt my;Fu;Md; ,wq;fg;gl;l Kiwia epfo;Tfs; kw;Wk; tpisTfs; njhlu;ghd itj;J Nehf;Fk;NghJ> Fu;Md; trdq;fs; vLNf hs ; fs ; k w ; Wk ; Cfq ; fs ; ,];yhkpa \uPMit ntWk; Nfhl;ghlhfNth Nkw;nfhs;tij Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy;iy. mDkhdpf;fg;gl;l KbTfshfNth md;wp mjd; rl;l tiuGfs;> nghUshjhu cz;ik rk;gtq;fisAk; epfo;TfisAk; Kftu;fs; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu khwpfspd; ifahSk; tpjj;jpNyNa mike;Js;sd.vjpu;fhy Nghf;Ffs; gw;wpa vLNfhy;fspNdh

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,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;ak; tpupTgl;lJ> gy ]`P`hd `jP];fSf;F ,d;dpd;d ehLfis jdJ Mjpf;fj;jpd; fPo; nfhz;L epge;jidfs; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; Nghd;w te;jJ. tyPj; ,g;D mg;Jy; kypfpd; EZf;fq;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd. fhyj;jpy; jsgjp jhupf;gpd; ]pahj; ];igid gpf;`; fiyapy; Gjpa gpur;rpidfs; gy K];y pk ;fspd ; fl ;Lg ;ghl ;bd; f Po ; Njhw;wk; ngwNt mwpQHfs; FHMd;> nfhz;LtUfpwhhu;. `[;[h[; gpd; a+]_gpd; Rd;dhit itj;J jPHg;Gf; $wKide;jdu;. fhyj;jpy; K`k;kj; gpd; fh]pk; ,e;jpahit mtw;wpy; Neubahd jPHT fhzg;glhj NghJ jdJ Ml;rpapd; fPo; nfhz;LtUfpwhu;. mtw;iw mbahff; nfhz;L xg;Gtikf; ,t;thW cyfpd; gy jpf;FfSk; ,];yhkpa fhzy;> r%f eyd; fUj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gly; Ml;rpapd; fPo; EioaNt gyu; Gjpjhf Nghd;w GJg;GJf; fiyfs; Njhw;wk; ,];yhj;jpy; Eioe;J nfhz;ldu;. ngw;wd. rl;lthf;f Kiwik vDk; ngUe;njhifahd kf;fs; xNu jlitapy; fiyAk; gpf;`; fiyNahL xl;bg; gpwe;j ,];yhj;jpy; Eioe;jikahy; mtHfis xd;Nw.xOq;fhd gapw;Wtpg;Gf;F cl;gLj;j ghku kf;fSf;F FHMd;> Rd;dhit ,];yhkpa murhy; Kbatpy;iy. Jha ,yFgLj;jpf; nfhLf;f rpy nrhw;fis ,];yhkpa mwpit ,tHfSf;F Cl;l mJ Gjpjhj ifahz;ldu;. `uhk;> kf;&`;> rf;jp ngwtpy;iy. ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpNyNa Kgh`;> `yhy;> Mk;> fh];> Kj;yf;> topnfl;l rpy ek;gpf;ifg; gpupTfSk; Kifaj; Nghd;w nrhw;fisf; ifahz;L nry;thf;Fg; ngw Muk;gpj;jd. Fwpg;ghf ,f;fiyia ,yFgLj;jpf; nfhLf;f \PM> fthup[;> K/j]pyh Nghd;w Kw;gl;ldu;. gy kjq;fspd; fyg;G topnfl;l rpe;jidfs; nghJkf;fs; ,];yhkpa cyfpw;F Vw;glNt mfPjhf; kj;jpapy; mjpf nry;thf;Fg; ngw;wd. fiyiaAk; tsh;j;njLf;f Ntz;ba ]`hghf;fs; fhyj;jpy; epytpa Jha epHg;ge;jj;Jf;F ,];yhkpa mwpQHfs; ,];yhkpa rpe;jid ,f;fhyj;jpy; Ml;lk; cl;gl;ldu;.fhZfpd;wJ.

gyfiyfspd; Njhw;wk; ,];yhkpa cyfpy; ,];yhkpa mwpT Cl;lg;glhj Gjpjhf ngUk; vOr;rpia Vw;gLj;jpaJ. NtW ,];yhj;jpy; Eioe;j ghku kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ehfuPfq;fs; nfhz;buhj fiyfis topnfl;l rpe;jidfs; nry;thf;F nay;yhk; ,];yhkpa ehfuPfk; ngw;wpUe;jJ. nrYj;Jtij mtjhdpj;j ,];yhkpa vdpDk; ,f;fiyfs; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; mwpQHfs; FHMd;> Rd;dhitg; ghJfhf;f ,];yhj;ij tpl;Lk; Jhukhfpa Nghf;Ffis fiyfis tsHf;f Ntz;ba Njitia cUthf;fpaJ. Fwpg;ghf mfPjh> gpf;`;> czHe;jdu;. ,f;fhyfl;lj;jpy; jhd; jg;]Pu;> j]t;Tg; Mfpa fiyfy; ,t;thwhd jg;]PHfiy> `jP];fiy> rl;lthf;f Nghf;if mtjhdpf;fyhk;.Kiwik> rl;lf;fiy> mfPjhf; fiy

mfPjh fiyapd; tsHr;rp mg;gh]paf; Nghd;w fiyfs; jdpf;fiyfshf fhyj;jpy; cUthf;fg;gl;l igj;Jy; tsHr;rpAw;wd. `pf;khtpd; Njhw;wj;NjhL Jupjkhf;fg;

Gjpjhf ,];yhj;jpy; Eioe;jtHfSf;F gl;lJ. fpNuf;f> jj;Jt rpe;jidfs; mwG my ;FHMid fw ;g pf ;f mw pQHfs ; nkhopf;F ngau;f;fg;gl;ld. gpNsl;Nlh> nrhy;tpsf;fj;jpy; $ba ftdk; mwp];Nlhby; Nghd;NwhHfsJ rpe;jidfs;

nrYj;jpdu;. ,J jg;]pu; fiyapd; Muk;g mwG nkhopapy; fhzg;glNt fpd;jp> ghuhgp> vl;lhf ,Ue;jJ. `jP]; fiyiag; ,g;D ]Pdh Nghd;w jj;Jt mwpQHfs; nghWj;j tiu \PMf;fs; `jP];fis mtw;iw Muha;tjpy; $ba fhyj;ijf; mjpfk ; ,l;Lf;fl ;bajhy; ru pahd nrytopj;jdu;.`jP];fis ghJfhg;gjw;fhf mwpQu;fs;

my;yh`;>kdpjd;> gpugQ;rk; Mfpa ngUk; ghLgl;ldu;. mwptpg;ghsHfs; gw;wpa jiyg;Gf;fis fpNuf;f jj;Jt Qhdpfspd; Ma;it Nkw;nfhz;L “ ,y;Ky;[u`; njhdpapy; tpsf;f Kw;gl;ldu;. FHMd; tj;j/jPy; vDk; fiyia cUthf;fpdu;.

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tpsf;Fk; ,yFthd> mwpTg+Htkhd njhdp ,f;fiy vt;tpj gpur;rpidfSf;Fk; ,tHfshy; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gJ cl;gltpy;iy. ]`hghf;fs; fhyj;jpy; i]aJ FJg;> kh[pj; ,u;]hd; ifyhdp $l midtUkhf xd;W NrHe;Nj Nghd;Nwhupd; tYthd tpku;rdkhFk;. KbntLg;gtu;fshf ,Ue;jjhy; Jha my;yh`;> gpugQ;rk;> kdpjd; vDk; epiyapNyNa ,J njhlu;e;jpUe;jJ. ,k;khngUk; cz;ikfSf;F kj;jpapyhd njhlu;e;J te;j ,khk;fs; ,f;fiyapd; njhlHig fpNuf;f> jj;Jt ghi\apy; tsHr;rpf;F tpj;jpl;lhu;fs;. Fwpg;ghf tpsf;f Kide;J my;FHMdpd; ,yFthd ,khk;fshd mg+`dPgh> khypf;> \hgp<> eil kiwf;fg;gl;l NghJ nghJkf;fs; m`;kj;> ,g;D ijkpah Nghd;Nwhu;fshs; mk;khngUk; cz;ikfis tpsq;fpf; rl;lnkLg;gjw;fhf Kd;itf;fg;gl;l nfhs;tjpy; jpz;lhbdu;> f\;lg;gl;ldu;> Kiwikfs ; vk ;ik g p u k p g ; g p y ; gyu; gpioahf tpsq;fpf; nfhz;ldu;. Mo;j;Jfpd;wd.

fpwp];jtHfsJ jpupj;Jtf; nfhs;if ,tu;fs; ,f; fiyf;fhfNt jk;ik ,];yhkpa rpe;jidapYk; ghjpg;ig mu;g ;gzpj;jtu;fs;. mjhtJ NtW V w ; g Lj ; j p aJ . \ PMf ; fs ; ,f ; fiyfspy; ,tu;fs; ftdk; nrYj;jtpy;iy nfhs;ifapypUe;Nj my;yh`;> K`k;kj;> vd;W ehk; fUjptplf; $lhJ. NtW ,khk; vd;w nfhs;ifia tbtikj;jdu;. fiyfs p y ; j kJ gq ; f s p g ; i g fuhkpjh> mj;jWh];> Ei]up Nghd;w \PM nra;jpUe;jhYk; gpf;`; fiy %yNk gpuptpdu;fs; ,];yhkpa rpe;jidapy; ,tu;fs; gpugy;akhdhu;fs;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; fyq ; fj ;ij Vw ; gLj ; j p at HfSs ; gpf ;`; fiy tsu;r ;r paile;jhYk; Kf;fpakhNdhuhtu;. fhyg;Nghf;fpy ; capNuhl;lk; kq;f

Muk;gpj;jJ. jg;]Pu; fiy Muk;gj;jpy; egpatHfSila tpsf;fk;> ]`hghf;fSila tpsf;fk; gpw;gl;l fhyj;jpy; kj;`g; ntwp vd;wpUe;J gpw;gl;l fhyj;jpy; jj;jkJ kpifj;jjd; fhuzkhf jkJ kj;`ig mwpit Kd;itj;J FHMd; tpsf;fk; tpl;L ntspNa tu Kbatpy;iy. jkJ nrhy;Yk; Kiwik cUthdJ. rpyH fUj;J gpioahdJ vd;W mwpe;jpUe;Jk; eLepiyahd Nghf;iff; iff;nfhs;sNt mtw;iw eilKiwg;gLj;JtjpNyNa Vida gyu; jhk; nfhz;l nfhs;ifia Fwpahf ,Ue;jdu;. epahakhd Mjhuq;fs; tYg;gLj;j FHMidg; gad;gLj;jpdu;. ,Ue;Jk; mit kj;`gpd; fUj;Jf;F nfhs;iff;Nfw;whw ; Nghy; FHMd; Kuz ; gLk ; N g hJ Mjh uq ; fis tpsf;fq;fis Kd;itj;jdu;. Gwf;fzpf;fj; njhlq;fpdu;.

cjhuzkhf ,khk; ]kf;\up K/j]pyh ,];yhj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; nfhs;if rhHe;jtH vd;gjhy; mtuJ cUthf;fg;gl;l ,];yhkpa fiyfs;> f\;\hg; vDk; jg;]Pu; Gj;jfj;jpy; rpe;jidfs; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; gpioahd K/j]pyh nfhs;iffisg; gpujpgypf;Fk; Gu pjy ;fshYk;> mZFKiwfshYk; tpsf;fq;fis mtjhdpf;fyhk;. ,g;D ,];yhj;ij tpl;Nl Jhukhfj; njhlq;fpd>

,];yhj;jpw;Nf ngUk; rthyhf khwpd. mwgpapd; “ fpg;uPJy; m`;ku; vDk; jg;]Pu; vdpDk; etPd fhyk; ,f;Fiwfis Gj;jfj;jpy; t`;jJy; T[{j; fUj;Jf;fs; njspthf ,dq;fhz Kw;gl;Ls;sJ. etPd kpifj;Jf; fhzg;gLtjhf n\a;f; ,];yhkpa vOr;rp ehk; tpl;l gpiofis my;f];]hyp tpku;rpg;ghu;. ,t;thW jg;]Pu; kpff; fl;rpjkhf tiuaWj;J tUfpd;wJ. fiy fhyg;Nghf;fpy; ,];yhj;ij tpl;Lk; midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; etPd ,];yhkpa Jhug;Nghfpd;w xd;whf khw;wkile;jJ. rpe;jid K];ypk; r%fj;ij mjd; rupahd gpf;`; fiy Muk;gk; njhl;Nl kpfKf;fpa xOq;Ff;F topfhl;br; nry;fpd;wJ. fiyfs py ; xd ; w hf fUjg ; gl ; L

te;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ,JTk; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; jd;idawpahkNy ,];yhj;ij tpl;Lk; JhukhfpaJ. egpatu;fs; tho;e;j fhyj;jpy;

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j/t

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h

vk;.Mu;.vk;. esPk;

ehk; fle;j ,jopy; gps;isapd; Muk;g gy ;fiyfofq ;fs py ; ,j ;Jiwa py ; tpUj;jpg; gUtq;fspy; gpwg;G njhlf;fk; 2 gl;lg;gbg;G> bg;Nshkh fhzg;gLfpwJ. taJ tiu cs;s tsur;rpf; fl;lq;fisAk; tpN\lkhf Kd;gs;sp ghlrhiyfspy; NjitfisAk; RUf;fkhf Nehf;fpNdhk;. fw;gpf;fpd;w Mrpupau;fs; fl;lhakhf Mff; njhlu ;e ;J mg;g ps ;isapd; mLj;j Fiwe;jJ bg;NshkhTld; gapw;rpia fl;lj;ijAk; tsur;rpfisAk; Nehf;FNthk;. ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Njrpa

nfhs;ifahFk;. ,yq;ifapYk; Early gps;isg; gUtj;jpd; Muk;g fl;lkhf Childhood Center vd;w gy epiyaq;fs; fUjg;gLfpd;w (2-6 tiu) ,g;gUtk; cUthf;fg ;gl ;L tUfpwJ vd;gJ Kd;gs;spg; gUtk; vdTk; miof;fg; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.gLfpwJ. ,g;gUtj;jpy; gps;isapd; mwpT>

jir ,af;fk;> r%fkag;gly; vd Kd;gs;spg; gUtk; Vd; ,e;jsT Kf;fpaj;Jtk; midj;Jg; gFjpfSk; kpf Ntfkhf tsu ngw;WtUfpwJ vd;gij RUf;fkhf Nehf;FNthk;.Muk;gpf;Fk;. ehd; ahu;? jdJ ,ay;Gfs;> jpwikfs; vit? vd;gd gw;wpa njspitg; * KOika hd xU kd p jd p l k ; ngWk;. jhd; Mzh> ngz;zh? jdJ fhzg;glNtz;ba %isapd; euk;gpay; Njitfis nkhop Clhf ntspg;gLj;Jk; ,izg;Gf;fspy; (75% - 85% ) Md msT Mw;wy;> rpe;jid vd;gd gbg;gbahf tsu euk;gpay; ,izg;Gf;fs; (Synapses) Foe;ij Muk;g pf ;Fk ;. g ps ;isapd; MSik 3 taij milAk; NghJ cUthf;fg;gLk;. tsu;r;rpapy; ,g;gUtk; Xu; jPu;f;fkhd (gpd;du; tpupthf ghu;f;fyhk;) vdNt kdpj gUtkhFk;. xU Foe;ij fUj;jupj;j ehs; tho;tpy; kpfKf;fpakhd fhyfl;;lkhf njhlf;fk; (fu;g;gfhyk;) gps;isapd; ,g;gUtk; fUjg;gLfpwJ.MSik cUthf;fj;jpy; kpf Kf;fpakhd

* Foe;ijapd; cauk;> epiw kpf Ntfkhf gq;fspg;ig nra;fpwJ vd Vw;fNt tsu;r;rp milfpwJ.Nehf;fpNdhk;. ,e;j tifapy; fUj;jupj;j

fhyk; njhlf;fk; 5 taij g+u;j;jp nra;J Kd;gs;spg; gUtk; g+uzkilAk; NghJ *Kiwrhu; fy;tpia Muk;gpf;Fk; fhyk; ghu;itg; Gyd;fs; rpwe;j Kd;Ndw;wj;ij tiuapy; ~Kd;gps;isg; gUtk;| vd ntspf;fhl;Lk;.mu;j;jg;gLj;jyhk;. ,J Kd;gps;isg; gUtk;

gw;wpa ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa nfhs;ifahFk;. * Nfs;tpg; Gyd;fspd; tsu;r;rpf;fhd Muk;g Mdhy; ru;tNjr mikg;Gf;fs; gpwg;G Kjy; 8 mbg;gilfis ,g;gUtk; cUthf;FfpwJ.taJ tiuAs;s fhyg; gFjpia

* clypd; midj;J cWg;Gf;fSk; Kd;gps;isg; gUtk; vd;fpd;wd.tsu;r;rpaile;J ,aq;fj; njhlq;Fk;

Kd;gps;isg; gUtj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gUtk;.,d;W cyfpy; Kd;gps;isg; gUtk;

nkhop> fw;gid> czu;Tfis (fUj;jupg;G - 6 taJ) vd;w vz;zf;fU *ntspg;gLj;jy;> r%fkag;gly; vd;gd cuj;Jg; Ngrg;gLfpwJ. Early Childhood tsu;r;rp milfpwJ.

Development and Education (ECDE), Early Childhood Care (ECC), Early Childhood kdpj tho;f;iff;fhd mj;jpthu kpLfpd;w *Education (ECE), Early Childhood Development gUtkhFk;.(ECD) Pre school, Montessori, play group vd;w * vjpu ;fhyj;j py ; xU kdpjdplk ; nrhw;nwhlu;fs; Clfq;fspy; ngUk;

fhzg;glNtz;ba MSikg; gz;Gfspy; 80% ,lj;ijg; gpbj;J tUfpd;wd. ,d;W efu;T - 08 30,yq;ifapd; ,];yhkpa rpe;jidf;fhd Ma;T rQ;rpif

cstpay;

cstpay;

Foe;ij cstpay; Foe;ij cstpay; njhlu ; - 5

Mditfs; ,g;gUtj;jpy; tsu;fpwd. cstpay; uPjpahf rpwe;j epiyia mile;jdu;. ghlrhiyapYk; nkype;j nkhj;jkhf xU rkepiyahd MSik *gytPdkhd Foe;ijfs; midj;J kdpjDf;F Njitahd VO gFjpfSk; epfo;r;rpfspYk; fye;J nfhs;shky; ,g;gFjpapNy Muk;gpf;fpwJ.gpd;thq;Ftij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. ,J

1. Md;kpfg; gupkhzk; mtu;fspd; MSikia ghjpf;fpd;wJ. 2. gz;ghl;Lg; gupkhzk;

2. MSik tsu;r;rp 3. mwpifg; gupkhzk; gps;isapd; MSik tsu;r;rpapy; 4. kdntOr;rp/cstpay; gupkhzk;Kd;gps;isg; gUtk; kpf Kf;fpa 5. nkhopapay; gupkhzk; gq;fhw;Wfpd;wJ. ,g;gUtj;jpy; Vw;gLfpd;w 6. clypay; gupkhzk;MNuhf;fpakhd> my;yJ MNuhf;fpakw;w 7. r%ftpay; gupkhzk;ghjpg ;Gf;fs; gpw ;fhyj;jpy; mtdJ

~~Ie;jpy; tiyahjJ Ik;gjpy; tiyAkh|| MSikia tbtikf;fpwJ. vd;w Kd;Ndhu;fspd; gonkhop ,jid

MSik tsu;r;rpia tbtikg;gjpy; 3 ,d;Dk; cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.fhuzpfs; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jfpd;wd

Kd;gs;spg; gUtk;1. Ra tpopg;Gzu;T

1. clypay; tsu;r;rp 2. njhlu;ghly; ,g;gUtj;jpy; Mz;gps;isfis tpl ngz; 3. xOf;fKk; fl;Lg;ghLk;gps;isfs; rpwpJ tsu;r;rp miltu;. Mz;

Ra tpopg;Gzu;Tgps;isfspd; jirfSk; ngz; gps;isfspd; jdJ cliy mwpe;J nfhs;sy;nfhOg;gpd; msTk; mjpfupf;Fk; . 6 tJ

taij milAk; NghJ ,UtUk; epahakhd ,g;gUtj;jpy; jdJ cliy gw;wpa cauk;> epiwiag; ngw;wpUg;gu;. mNj Neuk; mtjhdk; mjpfupf;Fk;. 2-5 taJ nkype;j cliyg; ngw;wpUg;gu;. tapw;Wg; g ps ;isfspd ; ntspr ; #oypYs;s gFjp Fiwtile;J nry;tNj mjw;fhd nghUl;fis tpl jhd; tpj;jpahrkhd fhuzkhFk;. ghw;gw;fs; cWjpahf xUtd; vd;w czu;T fhzg;gLk;. mtu;fs; tsu;e;jpUf;Fk;. jdJ tsu;r;rpapd; NghJ jdJ cauk;> epiw> ngupa> rpwpa gFjpfs; ngupa jirfs;jhd; Kjypy; tsu;r;rp gw;wp NgRk;. ~~ehd; mz;zhit / mg;ghit milAk;. mjdhy; rpwpa jirfisg; Nghy; caukhf cs;Nsd;|| ~~rhg;gpl;lhy; gad;gLj;jp nra;af; $ba nraw;ghLfis mtrukhf ngupahshNtd;|| ~~ghlrhiyf;F tpl ngupa jirfshy; nra;a KbAkhd Nghf KbAk;|| mt;thNw clypy; Vw;gLk; Ntiyfis $Ljyhf nra;tu;. rpwpa fhaq;fs;> milahsq;fs; gw;wp cjhuzkhf Xly;> Mly;> gha;jy; $Ljyhf myl;bf; nfhs;tu;. Mz;> ngz; Nghd;wtw;iw rpwg;ghf nra;tu;. Mdhy; tpj;jpahrq;fis mwpe;Jf; nfhs;tu;> nghj;jid nghUj;Jjy;> Gj;jfj;jpd; xU Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;ghu;fs;.gf;fj;ij rupahf Gul;ly; vd;gd fbdkhf

jdJ re;Njfq;fs; gw;wpa czu;T ,Uf;Fk;. 6 taij milAk; NghJ ghuhl;b cw;rhfg;gLj;jpdhy; jdJ jpwik tsu;e;Njhupd; %isapd; 90% epiwia (3 ½ gw;wp gps;isf;F kfpo;r;rp Vw;gLk;. mjdhy; ,whj;jy;) ngw;wpUf;Fk;. nghJthf rpwe;j jdf;Fk; Rje;jpukhf epiwa Ntiyfs; Kiwapy; cly;> jir ,af;f tsu;r;rp nra;a KbAk; vd;w czu;T mjpfupf;Fk;. eilngWtjw;F Ngh\hf;Fkpf;f czT vdNtjhd; ,g;gUtj;jpy; jhdhf midj;J mj;jpatrpakhFk;. tWikapy ; thOk; NtiyfisAk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd Foe;ijfspd; mwpT> kdntOr;rp $l tpUk;Gtij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. mr; ghjpf ;fg ;gLfpd;wJ vd Ma;Tfs; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; ngw;Nwhu;> tsu;e;Njhu; $Wfpd;wd. rpy tWikapy; coYk; mspf;fpd;w gjpy; nkhopfs; gps;isapd; Foe;ijfis MNuhf;fpakhd #oYf;F MSikia jPu;khdpf;fpd;wJ. cl;Lj;jpa NghJ mtu;fs; cauk;> epiw>

*

*


cstpay;

cstpay;

ftHdupd; khspifapy; xU

gFjp... xU Nrhgh

mjpy; tpiyAau;e;j

jiyaizfs;... kpfg; ngWkjpahd njhU

tpupg;G...ftu;du; mg+ `dPghit tuNtw;wioj;J te;J

jdf;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; Nrhghtpy; mkur;

nra;fpwhu;. mtu;fs; ,UtUf;Fk; Kd;dhYs;s fjpiunahd;wpy; mg+ a+Rg;

mku;e;J nfhs;fpwhu;.

ftHdupd; khspifapy; xU

gFjp... xU Nrhgh

mjpy; tpiyAau;e;j

jiyaizfs;... kpfg; ngWkjpahd njhU

tpupg;G...ftu;du; mg+ `dPghit tuNtw;wioj;J te;J

jdf;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; Nrhghtpy; mkur;

nra;fpwhu;. mtu;fs; ,UtUf;Fk; Kd;dhYs;s fjpiunahd;wpy; mg+ a+Rg;

mku;e;J nfhs;fpwhu;.


ftu;du; :

mg+ `dPgh :

ftu;du; :

mg+ `dPgh :

ftu;du; :

ftu;du; :mg+ `dPgh :

mg+ `dPgh : ftu;du; :

ftu;du; : nghyP]; :

mg+ `dPgh : ftu;du; :

ftu;du; : mg+ `dPgh :


nghyP]; :

juhjpUf;f VjhtJ fhuzk; nrhy;yyhk;

vd;W ftu;du; mt;tsT Jhuk; vk;ik fz;zpag; gLj;jpdhu;.

ftu;du; : (rpupj;jthW) mg+ `dPgh ehd; mg ; gbr ; nra ; Ntdh ? cq ;fsJ Njitnahd;iw epiwNtw;wpj;jUjy; vdf;F vt;tsNth re;Njh\j;ijj; jUk;! ,e;jg; ngUikiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s vt;tsNth fhykhf ehk; Kaw;rpj;Njhk; Kbahky; Ngha; tpl;lJ. nrhy;Yq;fs;> KiwapLq;fs; ehDk; vd;idr; Nru;e;NjhUk; cq;fsJ tpUg;gj;jpw;Nfl;g ele;J nfhs;Nthk;. mg+ `dPgh : vdJ kpf neUf;fkhd mz;iltPl ;lhu ; mtiu cq;fsJ ,uhf;fhtyu;fs; gpbj;J te;Jtpl;lhu;fs; mtiug; ghu;f;f tpUk;GfpNwd;.ftu;du; : ,khk; cq;fsJ gupe;Jiuia ehk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;Nlhk;.

mg+ `dPgh : Kjypy; mtu; nra;j Fw;wk; gw;wp ePq;fs; Nfl;ftpy;iyah?

ftu;du; : mJ vd;d Fw;wkhdhYk; cq;fsJ gupe;Jiuia ehd; kWjypf;f khl;Nld;.

ftu;du; :mg+ `dPgh : ftu;du; mtu;fNs tuNtw;fpNwd;.mt;thwhapd; mtiu ehd; ghu;f;f KbAkh?

mg+ `dPgh : <]h! ckJ gupthuj;jpdu; ftu;du; : (gf;fj;jpy; epd;w nghyPi]g; vd;NdhL mg;gb Vd; ele;J nfhz;lhu;fs;?ghu;j;J) mtid mioj;J th.

ftu;du; : mg;gb vd;d mtu;fs; nra;J nghyP]; : jiytNu ahiu mioj;J tpl;lhu;fs;?tul;Lk;.?

mg+ `dPgh : vdJ NfhNtW fOijia ftu;du; : vd;d cdf;Fg; Gupa tpy;iyah? mizj;jthNw vd;id ,wq;f tplhJ rpiwg;gl;ltu;fspy; mg+`dPghtpd; mz;il te;jhu;fs;. ,e;j tpupg;GfisAk; mJ tPl;lhd; vd tprhup. mtiu mioj;Jf; kpjpj;J tpl;lJ.nfhz;L vk;kplk; th!

ftu;du; : mg+ `dPgh! cq;fis mg+ `dPgh : mtuJ ngau; M]pk; mg;Jy; fz;zpag;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy; mtu;fSf;F m]P];.mg;gbf; fl;lisapl;Nld;. ftu;du; : M]pk; mg;Jy; m]P]; vd;w mg+ `dPgh : (tpisahl;lhf) mg+ a+Rg; ngaUs;s midtiuAk; mioj;J th! Ngh!vOe;jpUq;fs; ehq;fs; NghNthk;. ehd;

Nfl;fg; NghFk; Njitia epiwNtw;wpj; nghyP]; : jiytNu! mt;thNw nra;fpNwd;.

mg+ `dPgh cq;fis

,yf;fpak;

,yf;fpak;

mg+`dpghtpd; mg+`dpghtpd;

mz;il tPl;lhd;mz;il tPl;lhd;

my

p m`

;kj

; ghf

]Pu;

nkhop khw;wk; : c];jhj; vk;.V.vk; kd;]_u; (esPkp)nkhop khw;wk; : c];jhj; vk;.V.vk; kd;]_u; (esPkp)


ftu;du; :

mg+ `dPgh : M]pk; :



mg+ `dPgh :

mG+ a+Rg; :

mg+ `dPgh : M]pk; :


M]pk; : mg+ `dPgh :

mg+ `dPgh :

nghyP]; : M]pk; : mg+ `dPgh :

ftu;du; :

mg+ `dPgh :

ftu;du; :

M]pk; : mg+ `dPgh :

mg+ ̀ dPgh :ftu;du; : M]pk; : mg+ `dPgh : mg+ ̀ dPgh : Mk;>

ntWk; ,ilntsp epug;gTNk mtd; ftu;du; : tho;fpwhd;.Njitfs;....?

mg+ `dPgh : ,y;iy Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy. M]pk; : INah! ,khk; mtu;fNs mg;gb ehd; my;yh`; cq;fSf;F ew;$yp jul;Lk;. g h L t i j e P q ; f s ; N f l ; L f ; ftu;du; : VjhtJ rhg;gpLfpwPPu;fsh? nfhz;bUe;jPu;fsh?! ,dpNky; ,e;j mg+ `dPgh : ehd; ,d;W Nehd;G tifapy; kPz;Lk; nra;a khl;Nld; vd ehd; gpbj;Js;Nsd;. thf;FWjp mspf;fpNwd;.ftu;du; : ,d;W ePq;fs; Nehd;G mg+ `dPgh : ,y;iy! mg;gb eP kPz;Lk; gpbf;fhjpUf;ff;$lhjh?! nra;ayhk;. cdf;F my;yh`; mofpa 11

mg+ `dPgh : ,d;W Nehd;G gpbf;f Ntz;b Fuiyf; nfhLj;Js;shd;. mjidg; Vw;gl;L tpl;lJ. gad;gLj;jp eP cdf;F fpilj;j mG+ a+Rg; : jiytNu ,d;W mtu; Nehd;G ,iwaUisf ; fhl ;L. ghLf pwha ; gpbf;Fk; ehs;. vd;gjw;fhf cd;idg; gpbj;Jr; nrd;wpUf;f

KbahJ. mg+ `dPgh : (fz;bf;Fk; Njhuizapy;) mG+ a+Rg;! M]pk; : Mk;! ,uhf;fhtyu;fs; vd;id

mjw;fhf gpbj;Jr; nry;y tpy;iy.ftu;du; : mg+ `dPgh! mtiuf; fbe;J nfhs;shjPu;fs;. 35 tUlq;fshf ePq;fs; mg+ `dPgh : mt;thwhapd; “cd;id jht+j; (miy) mtu;fisg; Nghd;W xU ~~mtu;fs; mope;njhopa tpl;L tpl;lhu;fs; ehs; tpl;L xU ehs; Nehd;G gpbg;gJ vkf;F vdg; gfpuq;fkhf mtu;fis eP Fw;wk; njupahkypy;iy. rhl;Lfpwha; vd epidj;J gpbj;Jr; vdNt ,e;j ,isQd; VjhtJ nrd;wpUf;fyhkh?rhg;gpll;LNk. M]pk; : ,khk; mtu;fNs ,y;iy ehd; kpf mg+ `dPgh : ,g;D <]h ,tu; mg+ a+Rg; Nkhrkhdtdhf ,Ue;Njd;...ehd; Nehd;G gpbf;Fk; NghJ mtUk; mg+ `dPgh : (,ilapy; FWf;fpl;L) Nehw;ghu;. ehd; Nehd;ig tpLk; ehspy; mLj;jtu;fs; FHMd; XJtjpy; MWjy; mtUk; Nehd;G Nehw;f khl;lhu;. fhz Kw;gLtJ Nghd;W eP ghl;Lg; ghLtjpy; (nghyp];fhud; ifapy; tpyq;Fld; MWjy; Njl Kad;wha; - ,jidj;jhNd xUtid mioj;J tUfpwhd;) ,g;NghJ nrhy;yg; ghu;j;jha;. nghyP]; : me;jg; ngaupy; ,tiuj; jtpu M]pk; : ,y;iy ,khk; mtu;fNs ehd;....NtW ahUk; ,Uf;f tpy;iy. mg+ `dPgh : (,ilapy; FWf;fpl;L) M]pk; ftu;du; : mg+ `dPgh ePq;fs; Nfl;l kWf;fhNj. gpioahd ghl;Lf;fis mz;iltPl;lhu; ,tu;jhdh? ghLtjw;F gjpyhf cdJ mofhd Fuyhy; .

mg+ `dPgh : ,tuhfj;jhd; ,Uf;f FHMid XJjy; my;yh`; cdf;Fg; Gupe;j Ntz;Lk;. mUSf;F ed;wp nrYj;Jtjhf mikAk;

vd;W nrhy;y cd;id re;jpf;f ehd; ftu;du; : Mr;rupakhf ,Uf;fpwJ. mtiu tutpUe;Njd; vd;gJ cdf;Fj; njupahjh?! ckf;Fj; njupahjh?M]pk; : (njspthfTk;> cWjpahfTk;) mg+ `dPgh : mtuJ Kfj;ijj; njupahJ ,khk; mtu;fNs ehd; kJ Fbj;J te;Njd;.mtuJ Fuiyj; njupAk; .

mg+ ̀ dPgh : M]pk; mJ vdf;Fj; njupAk;.ftu;du; : (Mr;rupaj;Jld;) Fuyh?!M]pk; : mJ cq;fSf;Fj; njupAk; ?!mg+ `dPgh : Mk; jiytNu Fuiyj;jhd;! mg+ ̀ dPgh : Mk;> ngha;iaAk; ngha;iaAk; mtu; xt;nthU ehs; ,uTk; ghLthu;. eP ,izj;Jr; nra;fpwha; vd;W vdf;Fj; vd;id mtu;fs; mope;njhopa tpl;L njupAk;. M]pk; Mdhy; eP my; FHMid tpl;lhu;fs;> Xjpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwha; vd itj;Jf; vj;jifanjhU ,isQid mg;gb tpl;L nfhs; - mg;NghJ eP kJ mUe;jpf; nfhz;L tpl;lhu;fs;?! XJthah?! Jujp\;lk; gpbj;j ehis mDgtpf;fTk;

mg+ `dPgh NtW VjhtJ

||

,yf;fpak;

,yf;fpak;


M]pk; : M]pk; :

mg+ `dPgh :

mg+ ̀ dPgh : M]pk; :

mg+ `dPgh :

M]pk; : M]pk; : mg+ ̀ dPgh :

M]pk; :

mg+ `dPgh : mg+ ̀ dPgh :

M]pk; :

M]pk; : mg+ `dPgh :

ftu;du; :

M]pk; : mg+ `dPgh :

ftu;du; :

M]pk; :

nghyP]; : mg+ ̀ dPgh : ftu;du; :

mg+ `dPgh :

ftu;du; :

M]pk; : vg;gbr; nrhy;y KbAk;?!my;yh`; ghJfhf;fl;Lk;. (mOfpwhu;) M]pk; : (mOJ nfhz;L) mg+ `dPgh mg+ `dPgh : VdOfpwha;? ehd; cd;id K];ypkfspd; ,khNk vdf;F ePq;fs; fz;bf;f tutpy;iy. vdJ md;Gf;Fupa ,d;ndhU cjtp nra;a khl;Bu;fsh?gf;fj;J tPl;lhNd! cd; epiyia fz;L mg+ ̀ dPgh : M]pk; nrhy;Yq;fs;.

.NghfNt te;Njd;. ,utpd; ,Ul;by; cdJ M]pk; : my;yh`;tplk; kpfr; rpwe;j nray; mofpa Fuy; vdJ jdpikiag; Nghf;fpaJ xd;iw nrhy;Yq;fs; ehd; mjidr; nfhQ;r ehl;fshf mjid ehd; nra;fpNwd;.Nfl;ftpy;iy vdNt jhd; cd;idj;

mg+ `dPgh : ckf;F f\;lkhf NjbNdd;.

,Ue;jhYkh? M]pk; : (njhlu;e;J mOfpwhu;) ,khk;

M]pk; : Mk; f\;lkhf ,Ue;jhYk;.mtu;fNs vd;idg; gw;wp ePq;fs;

mg+ ̀ dPgh : M]pk; my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; tprhupf;fpw Pu ;fs;> vd;idg; ghu;f ;f [p`hj; nra;jy;.tUfpwPu;fs;> xt;nthU ehSk; ehd; M]pk; : mg;gbahapd; \`PjhFk; tiu my;yh`;Tf;F khW nra;tJ cq;fSf;F my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; [p`hj; nra;Ntd;.njupe;Jk; $l!mg+ `dPgh : M]pk; eP kidtp kf;fs; mg+ ̀ dPgh : M]pk; ,J ehd; gf;fj;J cilatu;> mtu;fs; tplaj;jpy; [p`hj; tPl;lhDf;F nrYj;j Ntz;ba flik. nra;.my;yh`; kl;LNk jdJ mbahu;fs; nra;j

ghtj;ij tprhupg;gtd;. tpUk;gpatu;fis M]pk; : ,y;iy ehd; my;yh`; ghijapy; kd;dpg;gtd;> tpUk;gpatu;fis jz;bg;gtd;. [p`hj; nra;tij kpfTk; tpUk;GfpNwd;.M]pk; : ,khk; cq;fSf;F vg;gb ed;wp mg+ `dPgh : cdJ kidtp> gps;isfs; nrYj;JtJ vd;W njupatpy;iy. vdpDk; tplaj;jpy; [p`hj; nra;tJk; my;yh`;tpd; ehd; kpfj; Jha;ikahf ghtkd;dpg;G ghijapy; [p`hj; nra;tJjhd;. Nfl;fg; NghfpNwd;. mg;NghJ cq;fsJ ftu;du; : M]pk; Ngh> ehd; cd;id gf;fj;J tPl;lhdhf ,Uf;f ehd; tpLjiy nra;fpNwd;. jFjpailNtd;. M]pk; : jiytNu cq;fSf;F my;yh`; mg+ `dPgh : M]pk;! my;yh`; ckf;F ew;$yp jul;Lk;.gufj; nra;al;Lk;. ,g;NghJ ePq;fs; vdf;F ftu;du; : ,y;iy ePNa ew;$ypiag; ngw;Wf; ngupanjhU cjtp> cgfhuk; nra;J nfhz;lha;. mg+ `dPgh vk;ik re;jpf;Fk; tpl;Bu;fs;. ey;tha;g;ig Vw;gLj;jpj; je;jha; my;yth M]pk; : ,khk; ePq;fs; vd;d nrhy;fpwPu;fs;. mjdhy; jhd;.ePq;fs; jhd; vdf;F cjtpAk; cgfhuKk; nghyp]; ,q;F ftdp!nra;jPu;fs;. nghyP]; : jiytNu vd;d nra;al;Lk;.mg+ ̀ dPgh : mg;Jy; m]P]pd; kfNd nghW! ftu;du; : M]pKf;F Mapuk; jpu;`k; xt;nthU ,uTk; my;yh`; cdf;F nfhLf;FkhW nrhy;. M]pk; gpbgl;l topfhl;l Ntz;Lk;> cdf;Fg; ght ehs py pUe ;J ,d ;W tiug pbgl ;l kd;dpg;igj; ju Ntz;Lk; vd ehd; vy;NyhiuAk; tpLjiy nra;AkhWk; nrhy;.gpuhu;j;jpj;J te;Njd;. cd; Fuy; vdf;Ff; mg+ `dPgh : ed;wpfsidj;Jk; Nfl;fhj NghJ ePAk; rpiwg;gl;lha; vd;W my;yh`;Tf;Nf. <]h ePq;fs; vkf;F mwpe;j NghJ ehNd mwpahj VNjh vd; VjhtJ cgfhuk; nra;tjpy; cWjpahf ghtr; nray;fshy; jhd; vdJ gpuhu;j;jid ,Uf;fpwPu;fs;. mq;fPfupf;fg; gltpy;iy vdg; gae;Njd;.

ftu;du; : Mg+ `dPgh vdJ tho;tpy; ,J ,g;NghJ eP my;yh`; vdJ gpuhu;j;jidia vdf;F kpfTk; re;Njh\khd ehs;. Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhd;> vd; kPJ mtd; mjw;fhf ehd; vdJ tho; ehw;fisNa Nfhgkhf ,y;iy vd;gij vdf;F tpw;whYk; ehNd ,yhgkile;jtdhNtd;.czu;j;jpdha;? mg;gbapUf;f eP vdf;F

cjtp> cgfhuk; nra;a tpy;iy vd;W

,khk; mtu;fNs me;epiyia tpl;L ,yf;fpak;

,yf;fpak;


XJfpNwd ;. mjid XJtJ Nkhrkhd tplaq;fisr; nra;a flikahFk; epiyapy; mjid ehd; Kaw;rp nra;jy; Xjtpy;iy vdpy; vdJ njhOifia ehd; kPl;bj; njho Ntz;Lkh?tpdh

nray;fis> Nkhrkhd thu;j;ijfis gjpy; : - JMcy; ,];jpg;jh`; nra;AkhW> NgRkhW $Wfpd;wJ. flikahd xd;wy;y mJ Rd;dj; vd ; w hYk ; e hd ; mj p fk hd MFk ; . cq ; fs ; nj hOif r e ; j u ; g ; g q ; f s p y ; m t w ; i w rupahdjhfNt fUjg;gLk;. vdNt nra;tjpy ;iy. thu ;j ;ijfshy; mjid Xjtjpy; Mu;tk; fhl;Lq;fs;> ntspapLtJkpy;iy. vdNt ,jw;F ePq;fs; njhOifapy; Eioe;J Kjy; vdf;F ghtk; fpilf;Fkh? jf ; g P u ; fl ; bdhy ; tpsf;fk; vd;d?

XJq;fs;. mjpy; gy JMf;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.gjpy; : - egp (]y;) $wpdhu;fs;

~~epr;rakhf vdJ ck;kj;jpy; m t u ; f s p d ; c s ; s q ; f s p y ;

,e;j JMitahtJ XJq;fs; ,J epidf;fpd;wtw;iw mtu;fs; mjidg; k pfr ; RUf;fkhd xd;whFk;. Ngrhky;> nra;ahky; ,Uf;Fk; midj;Jj; njhOiffspYk; ,jid fhynky;yhk; my;yh`; mtu;fis XJtJ rpwe;jJ. ,Jty;yhj NtW

jz;bg;gij tpl;L tpl;lhd;.|| ]`P`hd JMf;fis kddk; nra;J XJtJk; MFkhFk;. vd;whYk; NkNy

cs;sj;jpy; Vw;gLfpd;w Cryhl; $wg;gl;l JM nghJkf;fSf;F

lq;fs;> rpy ghtq;fis nra;a ,yFthd Kiwapy; RUf;fkhf

Ntz;Lk; vd;w Kidg;G> ftiy mike;Js;sJ. NkYk; ,e;j

vd;gtw;iw nra;ahky; ,Uf;Fk; fhyk; JMthdJ mg+ ]<j;> Map\h (uop)

tiu mJ kd;dpf;fg;gLk;. ahu; MfpNahupd; %yk; $wg;gl;l ]`P`;

my;yh`;Tf;Fg; gae;J mjidf; Md ̀ jP]; MFk; cku; (uop) mtu;fs;

fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;whNuh mtUf;F mjid kf;fSf;F RUf;fkhfTk;>

my;yh`; mjw;fhf ed;ikia mjd; rpwg;igAk; fw;gpg;gtuhf

v OJ f p w h d ; . m y ; y h` ; N t ,Ue;jhu;.

ed;fwpe;jtd; NkYk; JMcy;,];jpg;jh`; NtW

JMcy; ,];jpg;jh`{f;fhd to p Kiwfs p y ; e g p (]y ; ) rl;lk; mtu;fsplkpUe;J ]`P`hd Kiwapy;

efu;j;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt ahu; tpdh : - vd;Dila njhOifapy; mtw;wpy; VjhtJ xd;iw kddk; m j p f k h f e h d ; J Mcy ; nra;J XJfpd;whNuh mJTk; ,];jpg;jhi` Xj kwe;J tpLfpNwd;. rpwe;jjhFk;. rl;l mq;fPfhuk; vdNt ehd; kpf mupjhfNt ngw;wjhFk;.

: - vdJ cs;sk; Nkhrkhd

Jmcy ; ,];jpg;jhi`

gj;th gf;fk;gj;th gf;fk;

?flœ̂?„?Õ»̂Ê ?„?Â?··« ?fl ?‰Û«Õ?»?”

1. mw;Gj Fuy; tsk; nfhz;l ,khk;

Xu; mofhd khiyg;nghOjpy; 20k;

Ehw;whz;by; 90 fspy; rt+jp mNugpahtpy; mtUf;F taJ 28 kl;LNk. gpuhd;];> ehd; njhopy; GupAk; NghJ kjPdhtpy; JUf;fp> njd;dhgpupf;fh Nghd;w gy ,Ue;J kf;fhTf;F ck;uhTf;fhf nry;Yk; ehLfspd ; gy ;fiyf;fofq;fspYk ;> topapy; k/upgpd; ghq;F xypj;jJ. k/upigj; fy;YhupfspYk; tpupTiufs; epfo;j;jpdhH. njhOJ nfhs;;s ,ilapy; mfg;gl;l xU epiwa Gj;jfq;fisAk;> Ma;TfisAk; gs;spapy; Eioe;Njhk;.vOjp ntspapl;lhH. vg;NghJk; kpfTk;

ehd; ~]g;nghd;wpy;| Eioe;J epd;Nwd;. vspikahfNt tho;e;jhH.,khkpd; mofpa ftHr;rpkpf;ff; Fuy; vd;id ghfp];jhd; mtUf;F caHe;j tpUijAk; 10 <Hj;jJ. mtH ]_uh S`hit XjpdhH. ,yl;rk; ngWkjpahd gupirAk; mopj;jJ. me;j Xjypd; mw;Gjf; ftHr;rpahy; vd; tpUij mtH Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhYk; 10 fz;fs; fz;zPH tbj;jd! ,yl;rk; &ghitAk; ,];yhkhghj;jpd;

,] ;yhk pa Ma ;T e pWtdj ;j p w ;F ,khk; njhOifia Kbj;jJk; mtiu ed;nfhilahf toq;fpdhH. mopAk; ehd; vl;bg;ghHj;Njd;. Mr;rupaj;jhy; ,t;Tyfpd; gupir Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhy; vdf;Fg; Ngr KbahJ Ngha; tpl;lJ. vdJ epiyahd mt; Tyfpy; vkf; nfd;d vQ;rg; kidtpia re;jpf;f gpd;Df;F NghNdd;. NghfpwJ vd mtH Nfl;ghH. mtSk; Mr;rupaj;NjhL ahH me;j ,khk; vdf; Nfl;lhs;. 1994k; Mz;L kd;dH ig]y; gupR fpilj;j

NghJ mjid mtH Vw;ftpy;iy. gw;ww;w mtH u[g; ja;apg; xHjNfhd; vdf; kNdh epiyNa mjw;Ff; fhuzk;. jdJ fj;jptpl;Nld;. gpd;dhy; g];]py; epw;Fk; G j ; j fq ; fs p d ; tU k hdj ; i j A k ; mtiuAk; mtHfsJ NjhoHfisAk; , ] ; y h j ; j p w ; f h f c i o f ; F k ; tho;j;jp tpilngwTk; mtHfsJ MrpupaH epWtdq;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;jhH. jdf;nfd;W u[pKj;jPd; mHgfhDf;F vdJ ]yhj;ij xU tPl;il mtH fl;bf;nfhs;stpy;iy. mwptpf;FkhW NfhuTk; NghNdd;. mtUf;Fk; filrptiu $yp tPl;bNy tho;e;jhH. mJ mtH NjhoHfSf;Fk ; g pu paht pil vspa jsghlq;fisNa nfhz;bUe;jJ. nfhLj;Njd;. ,e;j Mo;e;j rNfhjuj;Jt jdJ Ntiyfs; midj;ijAk; jd; re;jpg;G ck;uh Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; iffshNy nra;J nfhs;thH. vt;tsT vd;gjw;fhd milahsk; Nghd;wpUe;jJ. gzf; f\;lq;fSf;F cl;gl;l NghJk;

ahUila cjtpiaAk; Vw;fkhl;lhH. 2. gw;ww;W tho;e;j NguwpQH ̀ kPJy;yh Muk;g fhyg; gpuptpy; jdJ ngupa

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4. ckH ,g;D mg;Jy; m]P]pd; cwtpdH NghdhH. xUtH 1000 jpH`j;jpw;F xU Nkhjpuj;ij mtuJ ifahy; 30>000f;F Nkw;gl;l thq;fpdhH. mjid mwpe;j ckH mtUf;F gpuhd;]paH ,];yhj;ij Vw;whHfs;. 88k; gpd;tUkhU fbjk; vOjpdhH: ePq;fs; 1000 taijaile;j mtu; ukohd; khjk; jdJ jpH`j;jpw;F xU Nkhjpuk; thq;fpajhf KO gpuf;iQiaAk; ,oe;J Nfhkh|| vdf;Ff; Nfs;tpg; gl;lJ. ,f;fbjj;ijf; epiyia mile;jhH. MapDk; 4k; ehs; fz;lJk; mjid tpw;W 1000 ViofSf;F tpopg;G epiyf;F te;j mtH czT cztopAq;fs;. ,Uk;ghy; xU Nkhjpuk; cl;nfhz;L njhlHe;J Nehd;G Nehw;whH. 9 thq;fp mjpy; ~~jd; juj;ij mwpe;j tajpypUe;J Nehd;G Nehw;WtUk; ehd; ,J kdpjDf;F my;yh`; mUs;ghypf;fl;Lk;|| tiu Nehd;ig tpl;ljpy;iy vd;whH. vd vOjpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

mtH jdJ 94k; tajpy; 2002-12-17 ,y; mnkupf;fhtpy; mlf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lhH. 5. epuhfupg ;ghsHfSf;F kj;jpapy; mtiu njhOtpf;f epd;wtHfs; 60 NgUf;F

cWjpAld; epd;w ngz;:Nky; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

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Rg;ahd; Muk;gk; njhLj;J ePz;l fhykhf jhd; ,d;W tiu ,];yhk; capNuhl;lj;

,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhf epd;wtH. vdpDk; Jld; tho;fpwJ. mj;jifa caHe;j

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Muk;g fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;whH.Ngha;tpltpy;iy.

,J mg+ ]_g;ahDf;F ngUk; 3. ckH ,d;W mg;Jy; m]P]; (u`;) gpur;rpidahfTk;> ,];yhj;ij vjpHf;Fk;

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mjidg; gpbj;Jg; ghHj;j mtH ey;ynjhU uk;yh `g\hTf;F `p[;uj;Jk; nra;fpwhH. gplitjhd;. Mdhy; nfhQ;rk; kpUJthf mq;Nf mtUf;F ,d;ndhU Nrhjid ,Uf;fpwJ vd;whH. mJ Nfl;L ehd; f hj ; j p Ue ; jJ. mtuJ fztd ; mONjd;. Vd; mOfpwha; vdf; Nfl;lhH? cigj;Jy;yh ,g;D [`;\; fpwpj;jt mg;NghJ ehd; ePq;fs; ftHduhf ,Uf;Fk; kjj;jpw;Fkhwp tpLfpwhH. ,g;NghJ NghJ xU cilia ehd; 600 jpH`j;Jf;F uk ;yhTf ;F fztNdhL thoTk ; thq;fp te;Njd;. mjidg; gpbj;Jg; ghHj;j Kbatpy;iy. kPz;Lk; kf;fhTf;F jpUk;gp ePq;fs; ey;y ciljhd; Mdhy; nfhQ;rk; FLk;gj;NjhL thoTk; KbahJ. fLikahf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;wPHfs;. ,g;NghJ

vdpDk; uk;yh cWjpNahL ,];yhj;jpy; ePq;fs; fyPgh. 6 jpH`j;Jf;F cil epiyf;fpwhHfs;. me;j [p`;uj;jpd; thq;fptUfpNwd;. nfhQ;rk; nkd;ikahf g+kpapNyNa tho;fpwhHfs;. ,j;jifa ,Uf;fpwJ vd;fpwPHfs;. mg;NghJ ckH Nrhjidf;Fl;gl;l ngz;id ,iw Jhju; ,g;D mg;Jy; m]P];: (]y;) kzKbj;Jf ;nfhz;lhHfs ;.

u[h vdJ cs;sk; rhjidfs; nra;a Gul;rpahsHfs; c];khd; (uyp) tPl;ilr; tpUk;Gk;. fyPgh mg;Jy; kypfpd; kfs; #o;e;J jz;zPH> czT NghtijAk; ghj;jpkhit jpUkzk; Kbf;f tpUk;gpNdd;.

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38

VjhtnjhU fij $wNtz;Lk;> vdf;F fijjhd; kpfTk; gpbf;Fk;. %tUk; mtu;fSf;F kj;jpapy; thf;Fthjk; nfhz;lhu;fs;. ,Wjpapy; xt;nthUtUk; xU fij tPjk; $Wtjhf KbTf;F te;jdu;.

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ah]pu; : KbahJ> ehd;jhd; Kjypy; $WNtd;. fij $Wtnjd;w fUj;ij nrhd;dNj ehd;jhd;.xl;lfk; yuPg; :xl ;lfk ; yu Pg ; xd;Wk ; Ngrhky; vt;tsT mofhdJ!ftiyaile;jjhf cl;fhu;e;jpUe;jJ. mJ ftu;r;rpfukhdJ... thdk; vt;tsT $l jd;Dila fijiaf; $wNt ftu;r;rpfukhdJ !Mirg ;gl ;lJ. k Pz;LnkhU Kiw ah]pUila kdk; VNjhnthd;why; jkf;Fkj;jpapy; ju;f;fpj;Jf; nfhz;ldu;. f\;lg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

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ah]pu; : Ntz;lhk;> vq;fspy; xt;nthUtUk; %d;whtJ Nahridia Nrty; `]d;

mofhdJ... tho;f;if

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efu;T - 08 ,yq;ifapd; ,];yhkpa rpe;jidf;fhd Ma;T rQ;rpif

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ngupanjhU... rpwpanjhU Nghuhl;;lk;

10

mg;Jy; t`;`hg; kpi]upmg;Jy; t`;`hg; kpi]up

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mk;kiyfSf;Fg; gpd;dhy; jhd; #upad; mkpo;e;J

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1. Fwpg;gpl;l ghtj;jpypUe;J KOikahf jtpu;e;J nfhs;sy;.2. Fwpg;gpl;l ghtj;ij vz;zp ifNrjg;gly;.3. Fwpg;gpl;l ghtj;jpw;F kPskhl;Nld; vd cWjpg+Zjy;

mbahNdhL njhlu;G gl;l ghtj;jpypUe;J jt;gh Nfl;f gpd;tUk; mk;rq;fs; g+u;j;jpahf Ntz;Lk;.

1. Fwpg;gpl;l ghtj;jpypUe;J KOikahf jtpu;e;J nfhs;sy;.2. Fwpg;gpl;l ghtj;ij vz;zp ifNrjg;gly;.3. Fwpg;gpl;l ghtj;jpw;F kPskhl;Nld; vd cWjpg+Zjy;4. Fwpg;gpl;l kdpju;fsplk; kd;dpg;G Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;.

gpd;tUk; nray;fSf;F vt;thW jt;gh Nfl;gJ vd;gij FLk;gj;NjhL my;yJ Mrpupau;fNshL fye;JiuahLf.

1. nghwhik nfhz;lhy;....2. Gwk; NgrpapUe;jhy;....3. flidf; nfhLf;fhkypUe;jhy;....4. fQ;rj;jdk; fhl;ly;....

~~|| K];ypk;

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

?

?


`jP];

08

1. ,Uk;G JUg;gpbf;Fk; NghJ mjd; 10. raNuhf Nehia Kjypy; epiw 03 klq;fhy; mjpfupf;Fk;. fz;Lgpbj;jtu; - mGy; fh]pk;

m];]`;uhtp. ngupak;ik Nehia 2. Mq;fpy Mz;bw;Fk; `p[;up Fzg;gLj;Jtjpy; Kjd;ikahf Mz;bw;;Fk; ,ilapy; fpl;lj;jl;l 11 jpfo;e;jtu;. ngupak;ik Neha; Fwpj;J ehl;fs; tpj;jpahrk; cz;L. ]`;uhtpf;Fg; gpd; Kjd; Kjyhf

Ma;T elj;jpatu; Nkw;fj;Nja mwpQu; fpwp];jt Mz;L - 365 ehl;fs; gg;uP$]; - 1603 Mz;L.`p[;up Mz;L - 354 ehl;fs;

11. rpWJzpf;if> ngUJzpf;if vdNt 32 fpwp];jt Mz;Lfs; 33 vd;gijf; fz;Lgpbj;jtu; K];ypk; `p[;up Mz;Lfs; MFk;. ,g;D egP];

3. Kjd; Kjyhf nts;isj; Jzpia 12. xspapay; (optics) gw;wp Kjypy; NehahspfSf;Fk;> jhjpkhUf;Fk;> fz;Lgpbj;jtu; ,g;D `{idd; myP itj;jparhiyapYk; gad;gLj;jpaJ mugpmwg pfNs. nts ;is e p wNk Nehahspapd; cs;sj;Jf;F mjpfstpy; 13. rj;jpu rpfpr;irapd; NghJ epk;kjpiaf; nfhLf;Fk; vdf; Nehahspfis kaf;Fk; Kiwia fUjpdu;. Kjypy; Muk;gpj;jtu;fs; K];ypk;fNs.

Kjy ; rj ;j p u r pf pr ;irahsu ; 4. xl;lfr; rptpq;fp rg;jkplhJ. m];]`;uhtp.

14. ig]hj;jpa Nguurpd; jiyefuhf 5. mwG nkhop ~~yhjpd; (÷) nkhop,Ue;j nfhd;];jhe;JNehgpiy vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. Vnddpy;> K`k;kj; my;ghjp`; ntw;wpnfhz;l cyfpy; Ntnwe;j nkhopapYk; ,e;j NghJ ~~,];yhk; Nghy; ,];yhj;jpd; xyp mikg;G ,y;iy. mwG nkhopapy; epyk; vdg; ngaupl;lhu;. mJNt> fhyg; khj;jpuNk cz;L. Nghf;fpy; ,];jhd;g+y; vd khw;wk; ngw;wJ. 6. ggpNyhdpau;fNs xU fpoikf;F VO

ehl;fs; vd tFj;jdu;.15. rpq;fkhdJ 20 kzpj;jpahyq;fs;

7. kdpjdpd; ,jak; ehshe;jk; Jhq;Fk;. 04 kzpj;jpahyq;fNs fpl;lj;jl;l 12000 yPl;lu; ,uj;jj;ijg; tpopj;jpUe;J jhd; rhg;gpLk; czit gha;r;RfpwJ. Ntl;ilahbf; nfhs;Sk;.

8. tl JUtk; njd;JUtj;jw;F Kd; 16. capupdq;fspy; kpf mjpfk; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ nrtpkLf;Fk;> ghu;f;Fk; ty;yik

nfhz ;lit XdhAk ; > j P f ; 9. rpye;jpf;F 30 kPl;lu; ePsk; nfhz;l NfhopAkhFk;.Ehiy cUthf;f KbAk;

||

||

~~ ||


cq;fSf;Fj; njupAkh


1 i]dg; (uop) : mGy; M]; ,g;D ugPcit jpUkzk; nra;jy;1 i]dg; (uop) : mGy; M]; ,g;D ugPcit jpUkzk; nra;jy;

gps;isfs; gps;isfs; ckhkh myp K`k;kj;a`;ah

2. ghj;jpkh (uop) : myp (uop) ia jpUkzk; nra;jy;2. ghj;jpkh (uop) : myp (uop) ia jpUkzk; nra;jy;

`]d;`{i]d;Uifahck;K Fy;Jhk;i]dg;

3. Uifah (uop) : c];khd; (uop) ia jpUkzk; nra;jy;3. Uifah (uop) : c];khd; (uop) ia jpUkzk; nra;jy;

mg;Jy;yh`;

4. ck;K Fy;Jhk;4. ck;K Fy;Jhk;

Uifah kuzpj;jjd; gpd;du; c];khd; (uop) ,tu;fis kzk;Kbj;jhu;.

egpatu;fsJ ghy;Fbj; jha;khu;fs;egpatu;fsJ ghy;Fbj; jha;khu;fs;

1. Ritgh2. `yPkh

jei; japd; rNfhjuuf; s; (rhrr; hkhuf; s);jei; japd; rNfhjuuf; s; (rhrr; hkhuf; s);

1. `hup];2. `k;]h

3.mg+jhypg; 9. mg;gh];

8. mg+y`g;7. opuhu;

6. myPKft;tpk;

4. ]{igu;5. `[y;

4 ngz;gps;isfSk;...

06


egpatu;fsJ kidtpkhu;fs;egpatu;fsJ kidtpkhu;fs;

1. fjP[h gpd;j; `{itypj; (uop)2. ]t;jh gpd;j; ]k;mj; (uop)3. Map\h gpd;j; mgPgf;fu; (uop)4. `g;]h gpd;j; cku; (uop)5. i]dg; gpd;j; `{i]kh (uop)6. i]dg; gpd;j; [`;\; (uop)7. [{itupah gpd;j; my;`hup]; (uop)8. ck;K `gPgh uk;yh gpd;j; mgP]{g;ahd; (uop)9. ]gpa;ah gpd;j; `{ia ,g;D m`;jg; (uop)10. ck;K ]y;kh gpd;j; mgP cikah (uop)11. ik%dh gpd;j; my;`hup];(uop)

1. fjP[h gpd;j; `{itypj; (uop)2. ]t;jh gpd;j; ]k;mj; (uop)3. Map\h gpd;j; mgPgf;fu; (uop)4. `g;]h gpd;j; cku; (uop)5. i]dg; gpd;j; `{i]kh (uop)6. i]dg; gpd;j; [`;\; (uop)7. [{itupah gpd;j; my;`hup]; (uop)8. ck;K `gPgh uk;yh gpd;j; mgP]{g;ahd; (uop)9. ]gpa;ah gpd;j; `{ia ,g;D m`;jg; (uop)10. ck;K ]y;kh gpd;j; mgP cikah (uop)11. ik%dh gpd;j; my;`hup];(uop)

egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ Gjy;tu;fs;egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ Gjy;tu;fs;

1. fh]pk; 2. mg;Jy;yh`; 3. ,g;uh`Pk;

%tUk; rpW tajpNyNa kuzpj;jdu;%tUk; rpW tajpNyNa kuzpj;jdu;

Gjy;tpfs;Gjy;tpfs;

1. i]dg;

2. ghj;jpkh

3. Uifah

4. ck;K Fy;Jhk;

05

xU ez ; gd ; jdJ r f ez;gndhUtdplk; rpy Gj;jfq; fisf; nfhLj;J mtu;fsJ xU ez;gdplk; xg;gilf;Fk; gb $wpdhd;. rpy ehl;fspd; gpwF me;j ez;gd; jhd; mDg;gpa Gj;jfq;fs; fpilj;jdth? ,y;iyah? vd tpdtpdhd;. mjw;F mtd; : Mk; xd;gJ Gj;jfq;fs; fpilj;jd.

ez;gd; : ehd; cdf;F 10 Gj;jfq;fs; mDg;gp itj;NjNd. gpd;du; ,UtUk; jdJ kw;w ez;gdplk; Ngha; kw;w xU Gj;jfj;jpw;F vd;d ele;jJ vd tpdtpdu;.

mjw;F mtd; : mJ xU rpwe;j Gj;jfk; thrpj;J tpl;L gpwF jUtjw;F jhd; itj;Jf; nfhz;ljhf njuptpj;jhd;

ez;gd; : mJ ,];yhj;jpy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ljy;y. my;yh`; my;Fu;Mdpy; nrhy;fpwhd;

~~<khd; nfhz;ltu;fNs! my;yh`; Tf;Fk;> JhjUf;Fk; Nkhrb nra;a Ntz;lhk;. cq;fsJ mkhdj;J f;fisAk; kPw Ntz;lhk;

egpatu;fs; nrhy;fpwhu;fs; : cd;dplk; ek;gp xg;gilj;jjd; mkhdpjj;ij epiwNtw;W. cyfpy; ahu; Nkhrb nra;fpwhNdh> mtDf;F eP Nkhrb nra;ahNj.

||


mkhdj;mkhdj;vkJ ,sk; mwpQu;fs; - 03

E h w ; w h z ; b y ; 1 6 jlitfSk;> 16 k; E h w ; w h z ; b y ; 2 0 jlitfSk; yj;j Pd ; nkhopapy; mJ kPs;gjpg;G nra;ag;gl;lJ.

Gfhuh gpuNjrj;jpy; `p[;up 370 ,y; ,g;D ]Pdhjhd; rj;jpurpfpr;irapd; NghJ gpwe;jhu;fs;. jdJ Muk;gf; fhyg; gpupit Kjd; Kjypy; kaf;f kUe;ijg; mq;NfNa fopj;jhu;fs;. mf;fhyj;jpy; gad;gLj ;j patu ;. mNj Nghd;W Gfhuh g p uNjrk ; mw pQu ;fSk ; > k d p j d p l j ; j p y ; f h z g ; g L k ; ftpQu;fSk;> ngUk; thrpfrhiyfs; xl;Lz;zpiaAk; Kjd; Kjypy ; epiwe;jjhfTk; fhzg;gl;lJ. jdJ fz;Lgpbj;jtuhthu;.g j ; J t a j p N y N a F u ; M id kddk p l ; l Nj hL nk h o p iaAk ; > tapw;Wg;Gz;> Gw;WNeha;> ru;f;fiu Neha;> ,yf;fpaj;ijAk; fw;Wf; nfhz;lhu;. jhaplkpUe;J rpRtpw;F ,uj;jk; flj;jy;

Nghd;wtw;wpy; gy Ma;Tfs; mtUf;Fz;L. gy tifahd fpNuf;fg; Gj;jfq;fisf; mNj Nghd ;W kUe ;Jtiffs ; > fw;Wj; Nju;e;jhu;. rpWtajpNyNa clw;$w;wpay; Nghd;wtw;wpYk; mtUf;F kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy; Nju;r;rpg; ngw;whu; gy Ma;Tfs; cz;L.ngUk; itj;jpau;fs; mtuplj;jpy; te;J kUj;Jtj;ijf; fw;Wf;nfhs;syhapdu;. mj;NjhL jj;Jtk;> ju;f;ftpay;> mJ NghyNt NehahspfSk; vy;yh ,yf;fpak;> thdtpay;> ,aw;ifapay; ,lq;fspypUe;Jk; mtiu ehb te;jdu;. ,urhadtpay;> tpyq;fpay;> jhtutpay;> ,J kd;du;fisAk; mtUld; neUq;fr; ,ir Nghd;w JiwfspYk; <Lgl;Ls;shu;.nra;jNjhL mtu;fs; ,g;D]PdhTf;nfd jdJ thrpfrhiyia jpwe ;Jk; murpaypYk; <Lgl;Ls;shu;. ,U jlit nfhLj;jdu;. mikr;Rg ; gjtp tfpj ;Js;shu ;.

rpiuapyilf;fg;gl;bUe;jhu;. nfhiy ,g;D]Pdh fzpjk;> thdtpay;> vr;rupf;ifAk; tpLf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.,aw;ifapay;> jj;Jtk;> ,ir> kUj;Jtk;> ju;f;fk; Nghd;w Jiwfspy; VjhtJ mwptpay; gpur;rpidnahd;iw jd;id <LgLj;jpf ; nfhz;lhu ;. Kd;Ndhf;fpdhy; gs;spthriy Nehf;fp ,j;Jiwfspy; ngWkjpkpf ;f gy tpiuthu;. f\;lj;ij ePf;fpj; jUk;gb Mf;fq;fis ntspapl;lhu;. mtuJ Nfl;L njhOthu;.Gj ;jfq ;fs ; yj ;j Pd ; nkho pf ;F nkho pngau ;f ;fg ;gl ;lJ - et Pd epiwa ,];yhkpa ehLfSf;Fk; gpuahzk; INuhg;ghtpd; vOr;rpapy; mit Kf;fpa nra;Js;shu;. mtUila Ma;TfSk;> gq;F tfpj;jd. Gj;jfq;fSk; Vwf;Fiwa 276 MFk;.

mtuJ kpf Kf;fpa Gj;jfq;fspy; xd;W jdJ 22 tJ tajpy; kUj;Jtj; Jiwapy; \pgh vDk; 18 ghfk; mlq;fpa my;fhDhd; vd;w Gj;jfj;ij Gj;jfkhFk;. mjpy; ju;f;ftpay;>

vOjpdhu;. kUj;Jtj; Jiwapy; kpf ,aw ;ifa pay ; Nghd;w gFjpfs ; Kf;fpa %yhjhu Ehnyhd;whff; cs;slq;fpAs;sd.fhzg;gl;lJ. mJ epiwa nkhopfSf;F nkhopngau;f;fg; gl;lJ. fp.gp 15

~~ ||~~ ||

E h w ; w h z ; b y ; 1 6 jlitfSk;> 16 k; E h w ; w h z ; b y ; 2 0 jlitfSk; yj;j Pd ; nkhopapy; mJ kPs;gjpg;G nra;ag;gl;lJ.

Gfhuh gpuNjrj;jpy; `p[;up 370 ,y; ,g;D ]Pdhjhd; rj;jpurpfpr;irapd; NghJ gpwe;jhu;fs;. jdJ Muk;gf; fhyg; gpupit Kjd; Kjypy; kaf;f kUe;ijg; mq;NfNa fopj;jhu;fs;. mf;fhyj;jpy; gad;gLj ;j patu ;. mNj Nghd;W Gfhuh g p uNjrk ; mw pQu ;fSk ; > k d p j d p l j ; j p y ; f h z g ; g L k ; ftpQu;fSk;> ngUk; thrpfrhiyfs; xl;Lz;zpiaAk; Kjd; Kjypy ; epiwe;jjhfTk; fhzg;gl;lJ. jdJ fz;Lgpbj;jtuhthu;.g j ; J t a j p N y N a F u ; M id kddk p l ; l Nj hL nk h o p iaAk ; > tapw;Wg;Gz;> Gw;WNeha;> ru;f;fiu Neha;> ,yf;fpaj;ijAk; fw;Wf; nfhz;lhu;. jhaplkpUe;J rpRtpw;F ,uj;jk; flj;jy;

Nghd;wtw;wpy; gy Ma;Tfs; mtUf;Fz;L. gy tifahd fpNuf;fg; Gj;jfq;fisf; mNj Nghd ;W kUe ;Jtiffs ; > fw;Wj; Nju;e;jhu;. rpWtajpNyNa clw;$w;wpay; Nghd;wtw;wpYk; mtUf;F kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy; Nju;r;rpg; ngw;whu; gy Ma;Tfs; cz;L.ngUk; itj;jpau;fs; mtuplj;jpy; te;J kUj;Jtj;ijf; fw;Wf;nfhs;syhapdu;. mj;NjhL jj;Jtk;> ju;f;ftpay;> mJ NghyNt NehahspfSk; vy;yh ,yf;fpak;> thdtpay;> ,aw;ifapay; ,lq;fspypUe;Jk; mtiu ehb te;jdu;. ,urhadtpay;> tpyq;fpay;> jhtutpay;> ,J kd;du;fisAk; mtUld; neUq;fr; ,ir Nghd;w JiwfspYk; <Lgl;Ls;shu;.nra;jNjhL mtu;fs; ,g;D]PdhTf;nfd jdJ thrpfrhiyia jpwe ;Jk; murpaypYk; <Lgl;Ls;shu;. ,U jlit nfhLj;jdu;. mikr;Rg ; gjtp tfpj ;Js;shu ;.

rpiuapyilf;fg;gl;bUe;jhu;. nfhiy ,g;D]Pdh fzpjk;> thdtpay;> vr;rupf;ifAk; tpLf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.,aw;ifapay;> jj;Jtk;> ,ir> kUj;Jtk;> ju;f;fk; Nghd;w Jiwfspy; VjhtJ mwptpay; gpur;rpidnahd;iw jd;id <LgLj;jpf ; nfhz;lhu ;. Kd;Ndhf;fpdhy; gs;spthriy Nehf;fp ,j;Jiwfspy; ngWkjpkpf ;f gy tpiuthu;. f\;lj;ij ePf;fpj; jUk;gb Mf;fq;fis ntspapl;lhu;. mtuJ Nfl;L njhOthu;.Gj ;jfq ;fs ; yj ;j Pd ; nkho pf ;F nkho pngau ;f ;fg ;gl ;lJ - et Pd epiwa ,];yhkpa ehLfSf;Fk; gpuahzk; INuhg;ghtpd; vOr;rpapy; mit Kf;fpa nra;Js;shu;. mtUila Ma;TfSk;> gq;F tfpj;jd. Gj;jfq;fSk; Vwf;Fiwa 276 MFk;.

mtuJ kpf Kf;fpa Gj;jfq;fspy; xd;W jdJ 22 tJ tajpy; kUj;Jtj; Jiwapy; \pgh vDk; 18 ghfk; mlq;fpa my;fhDhd; vd;w Gj;jfj;ij Gj;jfkhFk;. mjpy; ju;f;ftpay;>

vOjpdhu;. kUj;Jtj; Jiwapy; kpf ,aw ;ifa pay ; Nghd;w gFjpfs ; Kf;fpa %yhjhu Ehnyhd;whff; cs;slq;fpAs;sd.fhzg;gl;lJ. mJ epiwa nkhopfSf;F nkhopngau;f;fg; gl;lJ. fp.gp 15

~~ ||~~ ||


,g;D]Pdh

mg+y`g; kw;Wk; mtdJ kidtp ,UtUk; Nru;e;J egpatu;fisg;

ngha;g;gpj;J> Nehtpidfis nra;jikf;F fpilf;Fk; jz;lidiaf;

$Wjy;. my;yh`; ~~

ckJ neUq;f pa

cwtpdu;fis vr;rupg ;g Puhf|| vd;w trdj;ij ,wf;fpaJk; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ]gh kiy kPJ Vwp ~~ah ]gh`h mjpfhiy Mgj;J|| vd cuj;j Fuy; $wpdhu;fs;. mg;NghJ kf;fh efu kf;fs; egpatu;fsplk; te;J xd;W $bdu;. gpd;du; egpatu;fs; ~~,e;j kiyapd; mbt h uj ; j p y p U e ;J cq ; fisj ; jhf;Ftjw;fhf Fjpiug; gilnahd;W Gwg;gl;L tUfpwJ vd;W ehd; cq;fsplk; nju pt pj ; j hy ; vd ;id e Pq ;fs ; ek;gpapUg;gPu;fsh? vdf; Nfl;lhu;fs;. mg;NghJ kf;fs; ePq;fs; ngha; nrhy;tij ehk; Nfl;ljpy;iyNa! vd;wdu;. egpatu;fs; ~~mg;gbnad;why; fLk; Ntjidnahd;W cq;fis neUq;fpAs;sJ vd vr;rupf;if nra;fpNwd;|| vd;whu;fs;.

KWf;Nfwpa

mopal;Lk;

,Uiffs;

gadspf;ftpy;iy

mtDila nry;tk;

mtd; rk;ghjpj;jit

Eiothd;

neUg;G

nfhOe;Jtpl;nlupAk;

gbg;gpidfs;

1. Kjy; trdj;jpy; mg+y`gpw;F cyfpYk; kWikapYk; mopTk;> e\;lKk; Vw ; gll ;Lk ; vd ;W g p uhu ;j ;jid nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

2. mg+y`g; vd;gtd; egpatu;fsJ rhr;rhf;fspy; xUtu;. vd;whYk; mtdJ epuhfupg;Gk;> khu;f;fj;ij kWj;jikAk; fhuzkhf me;j ,uj;j cwT mtDf;F gad; jutpy;iy.

3. xU kdpjd; khu;f;fj;ij epuhfupf;Fk; K\;upf;fhf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ mtdJ mg;NghJ mg+y`g; ~~ckf;F nry;tk;> Gfo;> gps;isfs; vJTk; mopTz;lhfl;Lk;! ,jw;fhfj; jhd; gadspf;fhJ.vq;fis xd;W $l;bdhah?|| vdf;

Nfl;lhd;. mg;NghJ my;yh`; ,e;j 4. mg+y`gpd; kidtpahd ck;K [kPy; #whit ,wf;fp itj;jhd;. eg patu ;fis Jd ;GWj ;j jdJ

fztDf;F cjtpahf ,Ue;jhs;. vdNt mtDila kidtp,UtUk; eufpy; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

Rkg;gtd;5 . mtu ;fs ; ,UtUk ; euf py ;

tpwF jz;bf ;fg ;gLthu ;fs ;. mjpy pUe ;J ,y; tpLglkhl;lhu;fs;. ,J my;yh`;

nrhd;dJ Nghd;W epr;rakhf ,lk;ngWk;. fOj;JvdNt ,J egpatu;fsJ egpj;Jtj;ij

fapW cz;ikg;gLj;Jk; Mjhukhf mikfpwJ.


#wh k]j;#wh k]j;

?Â? ÛÃ?—?„«Û…Û·«?„?Õ»̂Ûÿ?Õ·̇«

?œÌ̂ÃÒ·?»?Õ

Úœ?”?„ ?‰„̂

Ì̂›

Ï?‰̇¤ÛÃ «?„

?Âı·«?„

ÏÛ·?’?Ì?”

? ?»?

«?œ?Ì

?»?”Ûfl «?„

«?—«?‰Ú»?ÂÛ· ? «Û–


khu;f;fj;jpd; gbj;juq;fs;

khu;f;fj;jpd; gbj;juq;fs;H];yhk;H];yhk;

H`;]hd;H`;]hd;

<khd;<khd;

eP my;yh`;it ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;bUg;gJ Nghd;W mtid tzq;Fjy; eP my;yh`;it ghu;f;fhtpl;lhYk; epr;rakhf mtd; cd;idg; ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;

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நகர்வு - இதழ் 08 (மே - ஆகஸ்ட் 2010)

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