' 1: 066693029 038052379

: (), , , HCl . :

I:

6 . ( PH ). -1 6 ( ) :

' PH PHPH '

(4 )

(4 )

15 " NaOH

M0.00111.0010.0010.00-

25 " NaOH

M0.00111.00---

35 " HCl

M0.0013.003.002.50-

45 " HCl

M0.0013.00---

53 " NH4Cl M0.1 + 3 " NaOAc M0.17.007.007.40-

63 " NH4Cl M0.1 + 3 " NaOAc M0.17.00---

HCl :

NaOH :

-pH " :

, NH4+ -Cl-, CH3COO- -Na+. CH3COO- (Kb=Kw/Ka) NH4+ (Ka=Kw/Kb) (M0.1), -+H ( ) --OH ( ) -pH . : . , -pH -pH .

:

1. pH: pH pH , , 1. pH pH . 2. pH : pH pH, 0.01 . : ( ), , ' -pH. , . 3. : , -pH. ( ), ( /). , , . 4. : ', pH: 3.1-4.4 , pH: 8.0-10.0. . / . -pH .5. ': 3 -pH , . 1,5 -pH , - .

6. -: 2 -pH , . 4,6 -pH , . 7. -pH , - . , PH -pH , , . II: : 1 NaOH N0.1 : 4 () NaOH . -NaOH 1 . ( ) 0.3 (C8H5O4K) . ml250 -ml75 . , 3-4 .

: :

-NaOH N0.1 ml25 -0. ( ). -NaOH . . 3 . ( -NaOH), -NaOH. ' 'NaOH -ml' NaOH -M

10.300917.21.47510-30.08570.908

20.301415.81.47710-30.0935

30.300315.81.47210-30.0932

NAOH : N0.1, : 0.908

: 1. ' (NaOH) ( ) . gr/mol204. 0.3 . ' . n=W/MW:)=204 gr/mol )Mw =0.3009 gr( )W1 -3 1.47510 =( )1n=0.3014 gr( )W2 -3 1.47710 =( )2n=0.3003 gr( )W3 -3 1.47210 =( )n3

' . NaOH. , -LOG 5 \# "#,##0" . C[M]=n[mol]/V[L]

(- )n = (-)n

C1= n1/V1=1.47510-3mol/0.0172L=0.0857M

) C=0.0908M ) C2= n2/V2=1.47710-3mol/0.0158L=0.0935M

C3= n3/V3=1.47210-3mol/0.0158L=0.0932M

3 . :=0.0908M/0.1M=0.908 2. , , . , ( ). n=C/V .

, 3 , ( ). M0.0908, ( M0.1) . 3.NaOH () ( ), . NaOH, . NaOH, ' '' , .

4. . ' . ' NaOH ' , ' NaOH. (-ml75) . III: 20 " HCl N0.1 ml250. 3 . ' -0 -NaOH N0.1 ( ). . NaOH . -HCl, .

NaOH 0ml2 HCl ml22.7. NaCl + H2O HCl + NaOH -pH 7. , , . - . C1V1=C2V2V(HCl)=20 mlC(NaOH)=0.1Nx0.908 xC(HCl) 0.1Nx0.908x22.7ml=20mlV(NaOH)=22.7 ml C(HCl)=0.103MC(HCl)=? =1.03 (HCl) :

1. : , , ( , ).

2. - pH 8.0-10.0 ( ). . . 3. " . , / , . EMBED Equation.3

EMBED Equation.3

EMBED Equation.3

EMBED Equation.3

EMBED Equation.3

_1272714710.unknown

_1272715137.unknown

_1272717896.unknown

_1272714949.unknown

_1272714576.unknown