1. 1 : (31104) 1 2556

2. ( ) 2 () () 3. ( Biomes ) @@@ 4. () 1. * - - - - 2. 2 - - - - - () - - 5. 6. 7. = + 2 1. = 2. = 3. = 8. ( Terrestrial Biomes ) 1. ( Tropical rain forest ) - - - 200 400 ./ - - 9. 2. ( Temperate deciduous forest ) - , - 100 ./ - - - - : , , : , ( TERRESTRIAL BIOMES ) 10. 3. ( Coniferous forest ) - ( Taiga ) ( Boreal ) - - - - ( Pine ) ( Fir ) ( Spruce) ( Hemlock ) : , - ( ) ( Terrestrial Biomes ) 11. Spruce Fir Pine 12. 4. ( Temperate grassland ) - 25 50 ./ - - - ( prairie ) (steppe) (pampa) - (baobab) (acacia) - ( Terrestrial Biomes ) 13. 5. (Savanna) - - - - - ( Terrestrial Biomes ) 14. 6. ( desert ) - 25 - 60 - - (Sahara) (Gobi) (Mojave) - ( Terrestrial Biomes ) 15. 7. (Tundra) - - - - : (Sedge) ( Terrestrial Biomes ) 16. ( Aquatic Biomes ) 71 17. ( Estuaries ) 18. @@@ 2 19. 2 1. 2. 20. 1. 3 1.1 (Litoral zone) - - - 1.2 (Limnetic zone) 1 21. 1.3 (Profundal zone) _ - - (Phantom) 2. 3 2.1 - - - 22. 2.2 23. 24. 3. 25. 3 4 2 - (coastal zone) - (open sea) 3 1. 2. 3. 26. (rocky shore) (- ) (ligio) (limpets) 27. (sandy beach) () 28. (coral reef) 29. : (Evergeen forest) (Tropical rain forest) , (Dry evergreen forest) , (Hill evergreen forest) , (Coniferous forest) , (Mangrove swamp forest) , (Peat Swamp) (Deciduous Forest) , , 30. (Evergeen forest) 1. (Tropical rain forest) 0 - 100 31. 2. (Dry evergreen forest) 500 1,000 -1,500 .. (Evergeen forest) 32. 3. (Hill Evergreen Forest) 1,000 1,000 2,000 . (Evergeen forest) 33. 4. (Coniferous Forest) : 200 2 (Evergeen forest) 34. 5. (Swamp Forest, Peat Swamp Forest) (Evergeen forest) 35. (Evergeen forest) 6. (Mangrove Swamp Forest) 36. (Deciduous Forest) 70 % 1. 1,000 37. 2. 1,000 (Deciduous Forest) 38. 3. (Deciduous Forest) 39. 10% ( 90% , ) 40. : 41. 42. 43. 1. 2. 3. 10% (Ecological Pyramid) 44. 45. 1. 1.1 : 25-40 () 1.2 1.3 1.4 O2 2. 2.1 () 2.2 / 2.3 46. 3. 3.1 3.2 4. 4.1 4.2 5. - 5.1 - ( ) 5.2 - 47. 48. 1. (mutualism, + / +) 2. (protocooperation, + / +) 3. (commensalims, + / 0) 4. (parasitism,+ / -) 5. (predation, + / -) 6. (compertion, - / -) 7. (saprophytism.+ / 0) 8. (0,-) 9. (neutralism, 0 / 0) 49. 50. 51. (Adaptation) 3 1. () 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2. () 2.1 2.2 ( ) 2.3 () 3. () 3.1 3.2 3.3 52. (Adaptation) 53. (biomolecules) (material cycle) 54. CO2 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. = / = 2 1. () (Pioneer Species) 2. 60. 61. N = A = - 62. P = p M m 10 1 50 5 P = 50 10 5 63. (life span) 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 3 1. 2. 3. 3 1. 2. 3. 1. 78% 2. 21% 3. 0.03% 4. 0.07% 69. 1 () ,2 () 70. 15 71. 1 2 72. 2 1. 2. 1. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 3. 4. 5. 6. 73. 1. (sustainable utilization) 2. (storage) 3. (repair) 4. (rehabilitation) 5. (prevention) 74. (Environmental Conservation) 6 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 75. 3 1. 2. 3. 76. 5R R Reduce R Reuse R Recycle R Repair R Reject 77. THE END THANK YOU FORYOUR ATTENTION!