––١١FFEE

٢٤٠٢٤٠

א –١FE

٢٤٠ א

،אאא،،W

א א א א א א אא אא،אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאא؛אא

אאאK

אאאאאאאא ،א אא

אאאאאא،אאאא،אא

א א אאא א אא א א א א ،א א א

Kאא،אא

א א ? –١FE ??אא ?אאאאאאאK

אאאא אאא

אאאא،א،אאאאאK

אאא؛אאK

אאאא

אJ١ א

٢٤٠

Wאאאאאא א

אאאאאאא אKאאאאאאא

אKאאאאW،،K

אאאאא אאאKאאאא،،١٠W

• אK• אK• אK• אאK• אK• אK• אאK• אK• אאK • אאK

אאאא

––١١

א

א

١

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١ -

אאElectrocardiogram Machine (ECG)

אאWאאאK

WאאאאאW

١. אא٢. אא אא .٣٤. אאאא٥. א٦. אא٧. אאאא

אאאWאאא٩٥K٪

אאW J J K J אא J אאPower pointK

אאW٦K

אאW

אאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٢ -

אאECG machine)Eאאאא

אאא Kא א אאא אK

אאאאא ECGאא א א א Electrodes א

אאאא١٩٠١Kאאא אא

K

١١א

١١אW

אF١١EאאאאאאDual PumpKאאאאK

א א א א א א אאאאאאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٣ -

אאאא،אאאאאאאK

אאWאאאאאאK אאאאאאא،

אא א KאאאאאאאKאאא

،אא،אאאא،א Kא

אאאאאאאKא Myocardium

אאאאאאK א،אאאא SAKאאאאאא

אאאאSA nodeאPacemaker אאTrigger Signal Kאא

אאאאKאאSAאאאAtrioventricular node

AV nodeKאאKאאאאאKאא

אאאאאאKאאאאאאK

אאא،אאאElectrocardiogram (ECG)K

אאאאECG machine)KE

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٤ -

٢١אElectrocardiogram (ECG)KWא

אא אא אא

אKאאאKFjellEאאאאא

Kא אא א

אאאאאא Wא١. אאאRight Arm (RA)K٢. אאאLeft Arm (LA)٣. אאRight Leg (RL) ٤. אאLeft Leg (LL)٥. אChest (C)

Lead SelectorKאא

אאECG אאאאאFLead KE

א א Right Leg (RA) אLead SelectorאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٥ -

٢١א

אא٢١W

١. אאאBiopolar Limb LeadI , Lead II , Lead III Lead אא א אא

Einthoven TriangleEאFאאLA אאא: (Lead I)אא

אאאאRAאFאKE

אא: (Lead II)אאLL אאאאאאRAאFELA RAK

אא: (Lead III)אאLL אא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٦ -

אאאאLAאFERL RAK

٢. אאאUnipolar Limb LeadW

אAVRFLead AVR WEאאאRA אאאאאLA אאLLאאK

אAVLFLead AVL WEאאאLA אא

אאאRA אאLLאאK

אAVFFLead AVF WEאאLLאאאאאRA אאאLA אאK

٣. אאאUnipolar Limb LeadW אאאאאV Leads ( V1 - V6 )

אאא אאא אאFRA, LA, LL E א

resistor Wilson networkאאK א א א K

אF٣١EW١. אP Wא ،אאא

Depolarization،אאאFאאKEPאאאaVR א،٣

١١٠K

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٧ -

٢. (QRS Complex) QRS WאאאDepolarizationFאא KEא ٤٠٨٠msF KE

QRSאאW • QW٠١٠–٠٢٠K• RWאאאQK• SWאאאRK

٣. T W אRepolarization אאא

א אאFאא KEאאאQRSKאT

• I, II, V3, V4, V5, V6 • aVRKaVR, aVF,V1, V2, IIIKא •• אאK• א٥١٠אאא،

אאK אU אTא،

אאאK?אא Myocardial infarction א

אאאKא אאא?K

אאW١. אP-RWאאPאאQRSאאא

אא) אאEאא١٢٠٢٠٠K

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٨ -

٢. אS-TWQRS،SאTאאאאKאT-PKא

אIschaemiaK٣. Q-TWאאQRS אT،אא

FHeart RateEאאאK ٤. אR-RFR-R intervalEאאHRK

א،אאא

אW• אK• אאK• אK• אאFR–RE

W

• R–PאאאאאאאאblockHeartFא א

אאאאEK

• אאQRSא0.06אאאאאאK

• UאTאאK• אאT١٠אאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٩ -

aK٣١אECG

.b٣١אECGאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٠ -

אאW

א،אאאK٤١אאאBlock Diagram א

אאECGK

Wאאאא

١. אCalibrationWאאאא

א،א1mVאK٢. אSensitivityW

،אאאאאאF1mVE،אא

אK٣. אPosition controlW

אאאK

٤. MarkWאאא

אאK٥. אאאStylusW

אאאECGאאאאאאא،אאK

٦. אStylus Speed WאאF٢٥J٥٠EL

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١١ -

אאאאאאאא،אאF٢٥ELK

אאאאאאאK

٧. אFאEFuseWאאאאאאאא

Kא٨. אאAmplifiersW

אאKאאאאאאK

٩. אFiltersWאאאאאא

א،אאאאאאK GroundWא .١٠

אאא،אאאK LeadsWא .١١

אאK ١٢. אC.R.OW

אאאא،אK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٢ -

٤١אאאאאK

Wאאאא

١. אMotor Speed RegulatingK٢. אTiming RegulatingK٣. אPower SupplyK٤. אVoltage RegulatingK Signal AmplificationKא .٥ Signal Filtrationא .٦Signal Processing & Beat detection Kאא .٧

١. אMotor Speed RegulatingW

אאאאאאאאאא،אאא

אאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٣ -

٢. אTiming RegulatingWאאאא

אאאF٢٢EאאאאאאאאאאאאK

٣. אPower SupplyWאאאאF٢٢٠VEF١٢VE

אאK٤. אVoltage RegulatingW

אאאF٣٠–٤٠KHzEאאאאאאאאאF٧VEא

Kאאא Signal AmplificationWא .٥

אKאאאאאאאאאKאא،

אאאאאאK

אאIsolation Amplifier אאאאKאא

אאF60 Hz/ 120 V ac EאאKאאאאא א א א א א

אאאאאK

אΩ1012אאK

אאאF٥١EאאאאW

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٤ -

• אאOptically coupled • אCurrent loading • אCurrent Carrier

٥١אאIsolation amplifier

אאPreamplifierW

אאECG אאאWאא٣mV،אאF0.01 to 200 HzKE

אאאאאKאא،אbioelectric amplifierאאאאאאאK

א א א א א א FEdifferential bioelectric amplifier F ٦١ E א א

אאאאW

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٥ -

٥. ٦. ٦١Differential amplifier

٧. )(* 12 VVAV clout −=

٨. 12

RRA cl =

א א א bioelectric instrumentation amplifier אאאF ٧١E

אאאאW

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٦ -

٧١Instrumentation amplifier

)(* 12 VVAV clout −=

)12)(

4321(

RR

RRA cl +=

אאAcl=1000

٦KאFiltersWECG אאא

אאFNoiseKEאאECGW

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٧ -

אWאאECGאאאאאK

אWאאאא אא א א٢

Hz א ،אאאא א אאK

א Wא א א א K

א א א אא W א א אאא.(60 Hz)

ECGאאאא

אW

• אאK• אאאאKKאא •• אKKאאאאא •• אאK

אאאאא

א אא א א אאאאECGאW

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٨ -

אאאLow pass filter(fc=200 Hz)W

א Fא ٨١Eא א א אא א fc א Acl

٨١אאאאאא

)231(

RRA cl +=

CRf c ***2

1

1Π=

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٩ -

אאאHigh pass filter(fc=0.1 Hz)W

٩١אאאאאא

א Fא ٩١Eא א אאאא fc א Acl fcAclאאK

Notch filterF١٠١Eא(fn=60 Hz)W

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٢٠ -

١٠١אאאאא

CRf n ***2

1Π

=

٧KאאW

אאאאאKאאאאאKאאא

Band pass filterאאF14-20 HzEאאKאא

אKאאאאKאW

אאאאאW

HRZR ٣אF١٥E٢٠KHRZR ٦אF٣٠E١٠KHRZR ١٠אF٥٠E٦KHRZ١٥٠٠אאאRKHRZ٦٠אאRK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٢١ -

٣١אW

אאאW

א .١ א א א א אא א Fjell KE א

אא،אא1 mv K٢. אאאאא

אאK ٣. אאאאאאא

אאאK FLead selectorEאאאאא .٤ Kאאאאאא .٥ Kאאאאא .٦ Wאא .٧

Kאאאאא - أFCRTEאאאא - ب

אאאK

אא א ,coil אאאK

אאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאKאא

Kא١١EKF١אאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٢٢ -

אאא١١EF١א

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٢٣ -

FECGאאאאאאא one channelEאאFmulti channel ECGKE١٢١אא

אK

aK١٢١ECG א

bK١٢١ECG אא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٢٤ -

cK١٢١ECG אא

dK١٢١ ECG אאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٢٥ -

١. אאאאאK

٢. אאאאאאK

٣. אאאאאאK

٤. אא،אאאאא،אא

אאא؟א

٥. אאא؟א

٦. אאאאא؟א

؟

٧. אאאאאא؟א

؟

٨. אאאאאK

אא

––١١

א

٢

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٢٦ -

א

אאWאאK

WאאאאאW

١. א ٢. א ٣. אא ٤. א

אאאWאאא٨٥K٪

אאW

J J K J אא J אאPower pointK

אאW

אאW

אאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٢٧ -

W

א א א א אאאאאSA nodeאא

אKא١٩٠١אאאאא

אאאא א א ،אאאא

K

א ١٩٥٩ א א א א K א א Pacemaker Y [Y

Kאא[א

א١٩٥٩ א א אאאK

١٢אW ، אא א א אאאא Kאא

א א אאאאאאאאFאא١٢E

אאאאאאאKאאאאאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٢٨ -

א א אאא א א אא،אK

١٢אאא

א אא ٦٠Jא٨٠

٨٠–א١١٠אא١٠٠אאא K א א אאא

،אאאאאאK

אאאאאא،אאא

אאFאKEאאאאאאאאW،אא،אאאאא،אאא

א א Kא א אא ،א א א א א א א א

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٢٩ -

אאאא،אאאאאאK

٢٢א PacemakerWא Fא E

אאאאאאK

א א א א א W ،א אKאאא אאא אא א

אKא٢٥א٦٨אK٢٢אאK

٢٢א

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٣٠ -

٣٢אא PacemakerאW

١. W א א א אאאאאאאאא

אאאK ٢. אאWאאא،

אאאK ٣٢אWאא

א٤٢אאאאK

٣٢אWאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٣١ -

٤٢אאאאאK

٤٢אאWאאאאא

א،אאאא א א א א א

אאאאאאK אא א א

Kאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאK

א א א א א א

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٣٢ -

אא،K א א א – אא א،א

אאא،אאאאK

٥٢אאW

אאאאאאאא،אאאא Kאא

אאאאאא א א א א K

אאאFFאEEא،אאא

אאאאK Wאאאא .١

א א א א א אאאא،אאאFFאKEE

٢. אWFאאE אאאא

אFFא EEאא FFא EE א א אא K א א

א א ،א א א אאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٣٣ -

٣. אאאאאאWאאאאאאא

אאאאא،א א א אא א ،א א ،אאאאאK

אאאאאאאאא אא א ،א F א

אאEאאאאאאW אאא א א

אאאאאK

א א אא א א אאאאאאKא

אאאPHK

٦٢אאאאW א א אא K

אאאאWאא،،א ،א אאא،אא

אKאאאאאאW١. אא

אאאאאאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٣٤ -

٢. אאאאאא،אKאאאאאאאK

٣. אאאאא MRI אאא

אא،אאאאK

٤. א א אא א אא א אאאאאאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٣٥ -

٧٢אאאWא אא א א א

אאאאאKאאאאאאא

אאK

א א א א אאאאא

אאאK

אאאאאאW אא א אא א א

W ،א א ،א א א א،א،א،א،אאK

אאאאWאאאאאא

אאא אאאאא٤J٨אאאאא

אאאאאאK א א

אאא Fא EאאאאאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٣٦ -

אאWאאF٥٢EאאאK

אאאאאSAK

F٥٢Eאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٣٧ -

١. אא؟א

א؟ .٢

٣. א؟א

٤. אK

٥. אאא؟א

٦. אאאאK

אא

––١١

א

٣

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٣٨ -

אDefibrillator

אאWאאK

WאאאאאW

١. אאא٢. א ٣. אאאא אא .٤٥. אאא

אאאWאאא٩٥K٪

אאW J J K J אא J אאPower pointK

אאW٣

אאW

אאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٣٩ -

١٣אDefibrillator

אFאאEDefibrillatorF١٣Eא

אאאאאאKאאאאאא

Cardiac ArrhythmiasאאאאKאאאאK1960 אאאאAC Power60 ،

א5 6 א250 ms 1000 msKאאאאאאאאא

DC 1960 א K אאאאאdc shock

אW

١. א א ، א א،אא،אא

אאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤٠ -

٢. אא ، א אאאאאSynchronize)Eא

אאאאאPQRSTאRK

١٣אWאאאPaddles F Eא Kא א

א،אאK א א א אא

Capacitor אא،אא،אאאאאאא

אאאKאאאF٢٣KE

F٢٣Eאאאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤١ -

אאא אא 50 700 אאW

( 1 ) 2V.C 2

=U

W

UWאאא( Joul ) א( Watt - Second )CWאCapacitance אא( F ) K

V Wאאא( V ) K

١Wאאאאאא١٦µV

אא400 Watt - Second K

אW

אF١WE

Volt 7072)105(

1016

800

1016

4002

CU.2V

21

7

21

6

21

6

21

=×=

⎟⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜⎜

⎝

⎛

×=⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜⎜

⎝

⎛

×

×=

⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛=

−−

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤٢ -

، א א א א א א אא W( Lown ) ،

א( Monopulse ) ،Tapered DC Delayאא( Trapezoidal ) KאW

١ELown Waveform W

אאאLown אא1962 Kאא3000 Vא20 A

٢msKא5א ms F٣٣E، א 5 ms 10 ms

אאK،אאאאKאאאאF٤٣KE

٣٣

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤٣ -

٤٣אאא

٢EאאMonopulse Waveform W

אאא،אא Kאא Kאא

Lown ،אאאא٥٣K

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤٤ -

٥٣אאMonopulse Waveform

٣ETapered DC Delay Waveform W

א אאאא אאאms 15א٦٣Kא

אאאKאLown،אאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤٥ -

٦٣Tapered DC Delay Waveform

٤EאאאTrapezoidal Waveform W

א א ،אאאms 20Kאא800 V 900 Vאאms 1.5K

א500 Vms 18.5אms 1.5ms 20א٧٣K

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤٦ -

٧٣אאאTrapezoidal Waveform

٢٣אPaddles WאאאאאאאKאאאאאF٨٣EW

• אאAnterior Paddles K

• אאPosterior Paddles K

• אאאAnterior / Anteriorאא

א،אPosterior / Anterior אKאאא،אא

• Pediatric Paddles K

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤٧ -

• אאאInterior PaddlesK• אא،

א،אא،אאאאאאאאאKאאאאא

אא،אאאאאK

א٨٣

Wאאאאא٣٣

אאאאאW١. אאאK٢. אK٣. אאאK٤. אאאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤٨ -

אאאW١. אאאאK٢. ،אאא

אאאאK

א .٣ אא א א אPacemaker K

Wאאאאא

אאאאא

אW١. אאאK٢. אאאאאK٣. אאK٤. אאאאK٥. אאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٤٩ -

١. אאא؟؟א

٢. אאא؟א

٣. ؟אאא

٤. אאאאאF5 K VEאאF300 Watt SecondKE

٥. א אאא אאא،

אKאאאאאאא .٦

Wאאא .٧

Kא - أKאא - ب

אאאא

––١١

אא

٤

א –١FE אאא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٥٠ -

אא

אאWאאאK

WאאאאאW

١. אא ٢. אאא ٣. אא

אאאWאאא0٩K٪

אאW J J K J אא J אאPower pointK

אאW

אאW

אאאK

א –١FE אאא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٥١ -

אאCentrifuge

Wאאאאאאא

אאא(Red Blood Cells RBC)אא( White Blood Cells WBC)אא.(Blood Plasma )אא

אאאאKאאאאאאK

אאאא،אאאאאאאאאאKא

אאאאאאאאאאK

١٤אאWא א א א א א א

Kאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאK אm אאr

אW

Tr2v π=

א –١FE אאא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٥٢ -

WVWאאאK

rπ 2 WאאאאאאאKT WאאאאאאK

א (f= 1 /T) א f א אאא אאאאK

T = 1 / f W

rT2v π= אא א א א אאא אω

א אא אא א אאאאאאKאאאאאאאא360

א

אאאZ الزاوية إلزاحة

الزمن ω π= 2 .

T

f

T=

1fπω 2=אfπ2W

rv ω=אאZאאאx אא

א אא א א א א א

אאאאא א K א א

אאFאEW

א –١FE אאא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٥٣ -

ac אאאLא٢rad / sec2a v

rc2

=א

אFאEאאאאKאאאאאאKFאאEאאW

F = m . a

ω 2r

v 2

mrmF ==

אאא אאאאאא א א א אא א K א

אאK

٢٤אאאW

١٢٤אאאW Manual Centrifuge אאאאאאא

١٥٠٠אKאאאאFאEאאא

אאאK

אאאWאאאאאאאFE

אKאאאאאאאאW١. (on/off switch) ٢. FMotorEאאאא٣. (Timer)א א אא

א

א –١FE אאא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٥٤ -

٤. אאHead & sample holderF١٤E

١٤אא

٥. אא(Cover)אאאאא

אא ٦. אא(Speed Control Switch) Kאא

א ٧. א(Breaker)אאאאאאא

אאא WאאF٦EF٧EאאאK

אאאW١–אאא(Ordinary Centrifuge)W

אא(Ordinary Centrifuge)

אאאאאאא

אאאאאאא،אאאאא

אאאאאאאא،אאאאאFאKEאא

א –١FE אאא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٥٥ -

אאאאאאאK

٢٤

אאאW

WLaboratory Centrifuge Wאא - أאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאא

Kאאאאאאאא٣١٠אK

א –١FE אאא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٥٦ -

٣٤

(Ultra Centrifuge )Wאאא - بאאאא٥١

אאאאאKא אאאא אא Kאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאK

א –١FE אאא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٥٧ -

٤٤א

٢Jאאאא(Ultra Refrigerated Centrifuge ) Wאאאא٥٠٧٥אא

אאאאאאאאאאאK

אאאKאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאK

א –١FE אאא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٥٨ -

٥٤א

א –١FE אאא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٥٩ -

אאאאא؟ .١

אא؟ .٢

אאאאאאא؟ .٣

٤. אאאאאK

٥. אאאאאW

אא - أ

אאא - ب

אאאא - ت

- ٦٠ -

אא

––١١

א

٥

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٦٠ -

אBlood Pressure Meter

אאWאאK

WאאאאאW

١. אא٢. א٣. אא

אאאWאאא0٩K٪

אאW J J K J אא J אאPower pointK

אאW٤

אאW

אאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٦١ -

אBlood Pressure Meter

Wאאאאאאאא

א א אCardiac Cycle אאאא אאאאK

١٥אBlood PressureאאאאאאK

אאאאאWאאאאאא

Kאאאאא

אאWאאאאאאKאאא،אאאאא

Kאאאאא

אW١. א אFא E א א אא א א

א٢. א אאאא W א א א

אאאK٣. אאאWאאאא

אKKאאא .٤٥. אWאאאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٦٢ -

٢٥אאW אא א ،א א אVenous PressureKאאאאאCapillary Pressure K

?א?Blood Pressure אאאאW

١. אא Systolic PressureWאא אא אאא?אא?K

אאא١١٠١٣٠Fmm HgE

٢. א א Diastolic PressureW א א א אאאאאאאא אKאF٧٠٨٠mm HgKE

א א א א א א אKאאאאאK

אZ١٣٠–٨٠Z50אאKFEאאW

אאאאWאZFאאHאאED٢

ZF١٣٠H٨٠ED٢Z١٠٥KאFZאED٣Hאא

ZF١٣٠J٨٠ED٣H٨٠Z٩٦١٥אאאאWאא،א

א،אK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٦٣ -

١٥א

JאאאW20 - 30 mm Hg

JאאאW0 - 20 mm Hg ٣٥אW

אאW

١JאאWIndirect Blood Pressure FNoninvasiveE

٢JאאWDirect Blood Pressure F(Invasive

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٦٤ -

١JאאWאאאאאא

אSphygmomanometerKאאK א א א א

אאאאאאאKאא

אK א א Wא،אKא

WאאWאאאW١.

٢. ٣. אFCuff E٤. אא٥. א٦. FEHand Pumpאאא .٧٨. ٩. אא١٠.

١١. אאאSphygmomanometerאא٢٥

Kאאאאאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٦٥ -

٢٥אא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٦٦ -

אאאWא א א א א א א

אאאא،אא א א אא א א

א K אא Kאא Systolic Pressure Kא Korotkoff

Sound אאאSystolic Blood PressureאאSystolic Kאא

א א אא Diastolic Blood Pressure Diastolic אאאאא120 / 80

120 Systolic Pressure 80 Diastolic Pressure K F5.25Eא Korotkoff Sounds אא א א

Sphygmemanometer אאKאאאאאW١. אאK٢. א

אW١. אאאFאKE٢. אא٣. אאאא

FEאאאWא א א א א א א אICU ,

CCUאאKאאאאאKאאאW

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٦٧ -

١. אאאWאאאאאK

٢. א א Fא E F E K אאא Kא

אאאאאאKאאאstrain gageKאא

אאאKאאאאאא אDiaphragmLasticא

אאאאאאWאstrain gageKאאא

אאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאאK

٣אWאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאK٣٥אאאאK٤٥א

אאאאK א W א א א א

אאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٦٨ -

٣٥אאאאאK

٤٥אאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٦٩ -

אאW١. אאא K

אאאאאFאEאK٢. א א א

אאאאFOscillation Eאאא( Mean Arterial Pressure MAP )אאא

Kא٣. א א אא אא א

אאאאאאK

٥٥אא

٢JאאאW א א א א א

א אאאאאאאKאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٧٠ -

אאאאאK

אאאאKאאאW

١. אאאK٢. אאאאאאK٣. א א א אא א א

אKאאאW

١. אאאאאK٢. אK٣. אאאא

אK٤. אאאK

אאW

١. אCatheterization K

א אא ، אאאאאאKאאאאאאK אאCatheter

- Tip Blood Pressure Transducer K٢. אאאK

٣. אאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٧١ -

א؟ .١

٢. א؟

٣. אאKא،אK

٤. אKאא،K

٥. אאאא

K

٦. אאא،אאK

٧. אאאאאא

K

- ٧٢ -

אא

––١١

א

٦

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٧٢ -

אMicroscope

אאWאאK

WאאאאאW

١. א

٢. א

٣. אא

אא .٤

אאאWאאא0٩K٪

אאW J J K J אא J אאPower pointK

אאW4

אאW

אאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٧٣ -

Wאאאµm١µm٢٠٠Kאאאא

٥٧ ، א K אאאאאאאא

אאאאFאE MicroscopeKאאאW• Light Microscopes• Electron Microscopes

،אאאW،אאאא K אא א? ?א א

KאאאאKאאאאאא א

١٠٠٠،אאאאא،Fא Eא ٣٠א K

אאאKאאאאאא

،אKKK٢KF٢٠J٤٠E، א F٠٠٠٥٠٠Eא

אאאאאK א א א אא אא א

אK

١٦אאW

א א ١٦٧٤ אא אאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٧٤ -

אK١٦KאאKא

K?،אאKאאאאאא

א…אאאF אאJanimalculeEא א

א…אאא،،א،אאK

אאאאאאאאK

١٦K

١١٦אאW

א א א א א א ،אאאאאא??،אאאאאאאאK

FEא Refractive Index)Eאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٧٥ -

אא א א א Fא KEא א א א א א א א אא א

LensesאK א א אא א א Lens א

אא Kא Wאאאא،אאאאאK

٢٦אאאWאא

٢KאLenses WWאאאאא

KאאWאאאאWאאאא

אאאאKאאאאK אFא א א א KE א א

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٧٦ -

، א K אא א Fא E א אא

אK

٢١٦אאאWאאFאאa ٣٦EאאאW

١KWאא Kא א א א א

אאKאאאאאW• ،אאאאאאא

K

• אאאא،אאאאאאK

• אאאאאKאאאאאאF٥٤٦Eאאא

אאK٢ K W א אא א

K٣ K אFDiaphragm WEא א א K א

אאאK٤KאWאFאאKEא

אFאEאאK٥ K א אFobjectives E א F KE

אאאX4Kאאx100K٦KאאFOcularE–אאFאEאK٧ K א Fא WE Ffocus EJ א

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٧٧ -

אאאאאK٨ .٣K–אאאאא

אאK

אאZאאCאאK

W

אאא١٠٠٠אאאאא؟٢٠א

אאZאאCאאK

١٠٠٠Z٢٠CאאאאZ١٠٠٠D٢٠Z٥٠

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٧٨ -

٤. a٣٦אא

سات عد

عدسات الجسم

فظ

مصدر

طاولة العمل

حساس

ذراع

مرآز

جابح

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٧٩ -

٣٦אא

٣١٦אאאאW١JאאWInverted Microscope

א א K א אאאאאא

א א א K א א א אאKאאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٨٠ -

٢JאאWDark Field Microscope

א א א א א אא א א א א א א

אאאאאKאאאאאאאאאK

٣JאWFluorescent Microscope ، א א א א אא אא א

אאאאKאא א א א א א א K

א אאאאאאאאאאא א אא אא א

אאאאK

٤JאאWInterference Microscope א א אא א אא

אאאאאאאאא א א

אא אאK א אאKאאאאאא

אKאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאKאאאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٨١ -

٢٦אאW א אImageא ObjectsLight א

א א א א א ،אא(EM) Electron Microscope

א א א Fine details א א א Resolution א א א

אאאKאאW

Kא א אא F ،אאאE،א

אאאאK אאא א א

1 A אאאאאא א א ، א א

אאא א א אא א א אאאאאאK

אאאאאאא א א

،KKK٢KF٢٠J٤٠E،אF٠٠٠٥٠٠EK

א א א א א F EאאאאFא٤٦KE

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٨٢ -

F٤٦Eאאאא

אאא אSampleא Fixative א א אאBuffer אאא

אאאאKאאW

١. אאאScanning Electron Microscope (SEM)אאF٦٦Eאאאאא

אKאאאאאאאאאאאא

F٥٦WE

F٥٦Eא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٨٣ -

א٦٦אא

אאאTransmission Electron Microscope (TEM) א א אF ٨٦ E א א א

אאאאאאאאא

אF٧٦EK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٨٤ -

F٧٦Eאא

٨٦אאא

אאאאאאאאא

אאאאW

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٨٥ -

١JאCryo-technique (Freezing techniqueEאאאF٩٦Eאאאאאאא

א א א א א א ، Localization studiesאאאאא

Wא،אאאאא

F٩٦Eא

JאאאFJ٢٠٠E Cryo-fixationאאM.M.80אאאLiquid NitrogenMetal mirror

Jא אא JאאCryo-substitution א ٨٠ ٥٠א א

C.S. Autoאאא

JאאCryo-ultramicrotomy،אאאאאאXאא

FX-Ray MicroanalysisEא

٢Jא א EDAX (X-ray Microanalysi) אא،אאאאא

א אא אאאא א אא א FLocalization Studies of tissue

elementsE

٣JאאFאEImage Analysi

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٨٦ -

א א א אא א א אאKאאאא

אW١. אאאאK٢. אאאאאK٣. אאאאאאK٤. אאאאאאאאK٥. אאאאאא

אאאK

٣٦אWא א א F ١٠٦ E אא אא א

אאKאאאאKאאאאW

• א• ١٠٢٠K• KKאאאאא •

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٨٧ -

١٠٦א

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٨٨ -

١. אK

٢. ؟אאא

٣. אאאאאאאK

٤. אאאאאK

٥. אאא١٠٠٠٠אאאא

אא٤٠K

אא؟ .٦

- ٨٩ -

אאאא

––١١

אא

٧

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٨٩ -

אא Thermometer

אאWאאא K

WאאאאאW

١. אאאאא٢. אאאאאK٣. אאאK٤. אאאK

אאאWאאא5٩K٪

אאW

J J K J אא J אאPower pointK

אאW.

אאW אאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٩٠ -

W א א אא

א א א א א K אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאKאאאאא א א א

אאKאאאK

١٧אאTemperature measurement

אאא،אאאא

א K אא،אאאKאאא،א

אאאאאWאא א، אאאKאא

אאKאאW

١J א אFCelsius degreeW E אא אKאאאאאאKאא

א F E oJCo K א א אאFT=0 oCEאFT=100 oCEאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٩١ -

٢JאאFFahrenheit degreeWEאאא180 אאאאאא

oJFoאאFT=32 oFEאFT=212 oFEאKאאאW

)3295

180

100*)32)( ((

−=−

= FFC

oo

oT

٢٧אאאאאW

١. אאאאW

Fא E א א אאא K

אאאאאא א אאא א אK

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאKאאאאא35O42OK

٢. אאאאW

אאאאאאא א א אאא א א Kא

אאאאאאאאאאKאאאאאאא

،אאאאאאאא א א א אא א

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٩٢ -

א א א אא א אא אאאK

אאאאאאאאKאאאאאא

אKאאאאאFTransducerE

אאאאאאאאאW

١. אאאאFRTDEWאאאאאאאK

א Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) אאאאאאאא.Resistance temperature Detector (RTD)

אאאא(RTD)אאא

אאאאK RTDאאאאאאKאא

אאRTDאFאאאWאאאאאEאאאאאK

א א RTDא אאאאאאF١٧E

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٩٣ -

F١٧EאאאאאאאאRTD

٢. אאאFאEThermistorW

א א א אאאא

Negative temperature coefficient (NTC)א אאאא א

אאאאא3542אKאאאאאאK

אאאאא אאK

אאאאאאאF٢٧E

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٩٤ -

F٢٧Eאאאאאאאא

٣. אאא ThermocoupleWאאאאK

אאאאאאאאFאKEאאאא

אאאאאKאאאאאאאאK

אאאא،אאאאאKאאאאאא

אאKאאאאא،אאאאא

אאF٣٧E

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٩٥ -

F٣٧Eאאאאאאאאאא

F٤٧Eאאאאאא

F٥٧EאאאאאאאאאאK

F٤٧Eאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٩٦ -

F٥٧Eאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ٩٧ -

١. ؟אא ٢. אאאא؟אא؟

؟אאאא .٣

٤. אאאאא؟אאאאא؟אאK

٥. אאאא؟אK

٦. אאא؟אאאאאאK

٧. אאאאאאאאאאא؟K

- ٩٨ -

אא

––١١

א

٨

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٩٨ -

אElectromyography

אאWאאK

WאאאאאW

EMGאאא .١٢. א ٣. א ٤. אאEMG

אאאWאאא0٩K٪

אאW

J J K J אא J אאPower pointK

אאW٣.

אאW

אאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ٩٩ -

W

אElectromyography(EMG)אאאאאאאKאאאא

אאaction currentsKאא(EMG) אאא(Surface Electrodes)אא

אאאKאא،אא

אאאאאאא אאאא

אאKאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאK

אאאאK

١٨א Muscle physiology

אאא،אאאאא

אK אאאKאא

Wאאאאאאאא١ –אאSmooth muscle

unstriatedFEvisceralאinvoluntaryKאאאאאאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١٠٠ -

٢EאאHeart musclesKאאא

אאאKאאאאאK

٣EאאSkeletal MusclesאאstriatedאVoluntaryKא

אSomatic nerve fibersKאאMost highly specializedK

אאאK

אאW אאאאא

אK אK אאאאאאאאא

אאCentral Nervous System(CNS) K אאאאאאאאא

אאKאאאאא Myoneural junctionKאJאא

אאJאMyoneural junction

אאאאאאK

אאאאאאאKאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١٠١ -

אאאאאא אאFאEAction Potential אK אאאK

٢٨אאMechanism of muscle contraction

אאאW Mechanical Aspect of Muscular Contraction אאאאאאאא

אאKא

אאאאKאאאאK אאFאEF١٨EK

אאאאאאאאאJאKאאאא(Ag_AgCl)א

א(Cu2++)אKאאFאEאK

אאMechanical ChangesאאאKymographK

אאאאאאאKאאאא

KאאאאאMechanical TransducerאאSilicon Strain Gauge א

אאאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١٠٢ -

אאאאאmonitorK

١٨א

٣٨אאאW

WאFאEאאSimple Muscle Twitch אFאEאאKא

אW١. אLatent Period

אא٤٠١٠Kאאאאאא_אאא

Kאאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١٠٣ -

٢. אContraction Phase אאאא٤٠א

אאK٣. אRelaxation Phase

אא٥٠،אKאF٢٨EאאאF١٨EK

٢٨אK

Wאא Muscle contractionאאWאIsotonicאאIsometricK

١. אאIsometric contractionWאאא،אא،אאא

א،אאאאא،אK

٢. אאIsotonic contractionWאאאאKאאא

אK

WאאStair caseאאאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١٠٤ -

KאאאאאאאאKאאאאאאאא

א٥אא٢٠٠אאאאאאאאאאא

אMotor unitKאאאאאKאאOutputא

אאאאאKאאאאאKאאא

אאאKאאא١J٥א

אKא١٠٣٠אאאאאאא

אClounsKאא٥٠٢٠٠אאא

אTetanusK

٤٨אWאא5 mV א

אאא K אאאא١٠٥٠٠.HzאאאאW

Movement of electrode (motion artifact)א .١אאאאא٠J٢٠Hzאא

אאא١٠J٢٠HzKאאאElectrical noiseאא .٢

א א א ٢٠٠J٥٠٠Hzא א אאא٢٠٠J٥٠٠HzK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١٠٥ -

אאאאאאאאאKא

אKאאאWאאא

Leadsא .١א،FEKא

אאאאאאאאאאא٣KE٨אFאא

אאאאKאאאאא

אאא٤KEF٨אאא knee capאshin boneK

F٣٨EאEMG

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١٠٦ -

F٤٨EאEMG

٢. אאAcquisition & amplification

אאאאאאאאKאEMGאא

א5mV10mvK٥٠٠FAcl=500E

٣. אFiltersאאאאא

א،אאאאאאאאאKאאא

אאא10Hz500HzKאאאאKאא

(fn=60 Hz)אא Notch filterא(fn=60 Hz)K

Bandstop & Bandpass filters

אאאF٥٨Eאאאאאאא٥٠٠אאKא

W

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١٠٧ -

5007.4

4711047

104421 ≅⎟

⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛ +⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛ +=clA

א48 nFא٣٣ MΩאאא١٠Hzא٨٦ nFא٤٧ KΩאאא٥٠٠HzKאאאW

RCfc π2

1=

F٥٨EאאאאאEMG

٤. אCalibrationאאאא

א،אF١mvEאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١٠٨ -

٥. אSensitivityW،אאאאאאF١mvEא،אאK٦. אPosition

אאאK٧. אאאStylus

אאאEMGאאאאאאא،אאK

٨. אFאEFuseאאאאאאאא

Kא

٩. אC.R.Oאאאא،א

KאאאאאKSampling frequency(fs)א

fs=1000HzאאאA\D Analog to digital converterKאאאא

אאאאאאאspectral analysisKאא

אF٦٨E

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١٠٩ -

F٦٨Eא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١١٠ -

١. ؟א ٢. אאאא؟٣. אאEMG؟٤. אאElectromyogramK Wאאאאאאא .٥KאEMGאא؟א

KאאאאאEMG3 mV؟Kאא؟אאאא

- ١١١ -

אא

––١١

א

٩

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١١١ -

אInfusion Pump

אאWאא

WאאאאאW

١. אאאא

٢. אאא

٣. אא

אאאWאאא0٩K٪

אאW J J K J אא J אאPower pointK

אאW.

אאW

אאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١١٢ -

WאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאאKאא

אאאאאאאאאIntravenous ( IV )K

١٩אאאWאאאאאאאאא

א אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאא

אK אאW١. אK٢. ١٠٠٠LK٣. אאאאאאא

אאאK٤. אאאאאKאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאא،א

אאאאאאאKאאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١١٣ -

٢٩אאאאW

אאW

١. אController ٢. אPump

אא ،א،אאאאK

א،،אאא Kאאא

א א،א א،אאאאK

٣٩אאאW١JאSyringe Pump. ٢JאאPeristaltic PumpK٣Jאאא( Volumetric Pump ) Cassette PumpK

١٣٩JאSyringe Pump W

،אאאא אאKאF١٩Eא

אK א א א Kא

אStepper Motor אאאאאK

אאאF50 mlKEא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١١٤ -

אא א א אא א K א א

אאאאFאאEא،א،אאK

F١٩Eא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١١٥ -

٢٣٩אאPeristaltic Pump Wאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאKאא،،א

א،،W

JאאאRotary Peristaltic Pump W

אאאאא،Kאא א אאא ،א

אK

JאאאLinear Peristaltic Pump Wא אאאאאא

،אאאאאאאKא א

אK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١١٦ -

F٢٩Eאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١١٧ -

٣٣٩JאאFאEVolumetric ( Cassette ) Pump Wא א ، א א א

א א א א א אFאאKE

אאא ( Syringe Cassette )אא אא K א א א א

אאאאאאאאF٣٩KE

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١١٨ -

אא)Piston Cassette(Diaphramאאאאא

אאאאK

F٣٩E

אאאאאKא א אאא א א א

، Wאא،א א א אאאאKאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא،

،אאאאאאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ א

- ١١٩ -

אאאא؟ .١

٢. אאאK

אאא؟ .٣

Kאאאא .٤

٥. אאאK

٦. א א א א א א א אK

٧. W

אאאאאKאא،WאאKאאאKאאK

- ١٢٠ -

אאאא

––١١

א

א

١٠

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١١٩ -

אא

אאWאאא

Wאא

אאאW١. אאאאאאא .٢٣. אא٤. אאFאESpectrophotometer

אאW٤

אאW

אאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٢٠ -

Wאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אKאאאאאאא

אאאKאאאSpectroאאאאאא

אאאאאKאאאאאאא

אאVisible lightאאאאאאאUltraviolet K

אאא

١١٠אאאאWאאאאא

אאאאK

Wא

אאאאאאF١١٠EאW

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٢١ -

F١١٠E

kL

oIIT −== 10

W

TJאIo JאאאKI JאאאKLJא

kJא

WWאא

אאאאkC

oIIT −== 10

W

CJאT،Io, I ,Lאא

JFאE

אאאאאאאאKאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٢٢ -

JKA=aCL

WאW

-aאabsorbitivity א،אא،אאאאFאEאא

א(Standard solution concentration)אאאW

AA

CCs

sµ

µ =

WCµJאאCsJאאFאEAµJאאאאAsJאאאאFאאE

אאא٢١٠אאאאW

١. Light Source EאאFאאאא .٢٣. א٤. אDetector

١JאאLight Source אאאאאא

אאאKאאאKאאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٢٣ -

٢JאאאאFאאEאאאאאאאא

maxλKאאא maxλWאאאאאאאאKאאא maxλאאאאW

KאOptical Filter:אא - أ

אאאאאאאא

אPrism and Diffraction GratingWאא - ب

אאFSpectrophotometerEאאאאאF380__800nmE

אאאאאאא

אאPhotodetector

٣JאSample CuvetteWאאאאאא،אא

אא،אאאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٢٤ -

٤JאאPhotodetectorWאאאאאא

אאאאאKאאאאאאאאאPhotomultiplier TubeK

٣١٠אאאW

אאאאאWאSingle Beam אDouble BeamK

١. אאאSingle Beam Photometer

אאאאאא

אKאאאאאF٢١٠EאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאFאEאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאאאK

F٢١٠Eאאאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٢٥ -

٢. אאאDouble Beam Photometer

אאאאאKאאאאאאא٣KEF١٠א

אKאאאFאE،Kאאאאאא

אאאFI/IoEIאאאא IoאאאKאW

FTE

100%*oIIT =

אFAE

TIIA o 1loglog ==

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٢٦ -

F٣١٠Eאאאאא

אאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאKאאאאא

אאאאאאאא٤١٠אKאאW١. אאאאא٢. אאאא

אK٣. אאK٤. אאא1א،א

2Kאאאאאאא٥. א،אאאאא

אאאאאK

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٢٧ -

٦. אאFאEאאאאאאאK

F٤١٠Eאאאאאאא

W

אאאאWאאV1אאV1=+1 mVFא

אEאאV1אאאV1=+25 mVFאE

אW

אאאאW

31211

3

2 =ΩΩ

+=+=KKA

RR

v

V1=+1mV - أ

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٢٨ -

mVmVVAV vo 3)1(31 =+== V1=+25mV - ب

mVmVVAV vo 75)25(31 =+==

٤١٠אאSpectrophotometerאאאאאאא

אאmaxλאKאאאאאאאFאKEF٥١٠E

אאאאאאFSpectrophotometerEF٦١٠EאאK

F٥١٠Eאאאאא

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٢٩ -

אאאאאאאא

אאmaxλאאmaxλmaxλאא

אKאאאא

אאאאאrotator maxλאאא

אאאPhotodetectorKאאאאK

F٦١٠EאאFאE

א –١FE אא

٢٤٠ אא

- ١٣٠ -

١. Jאא؟אא

Kאאאאא .٢

٣. אאאאK

٤. אאאאאאאK

٥. אאאFאEאK

٦. אאא؟א

א –١FE

٢٤٠ אא

אא

אאא

١KאKא

٢KאאKא ٣KאאKאאאא

אאא

1. Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Technology Carr Brown 2. Medical Instrumentation Application and Design John

Webster 3. Medical Instrumentation and Measurements

א –١FE

٢٤٠ א

א

KKKKKKK……………………KKKKKKKK……K…K…KKKKK١אא١KאאKKKKKK………………KKKKKKKK…KKK١

١١אKKKKKK…………………………KKKKKKKKK…KKKK…KKKKKK٢١א…………………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٣

……………………………………KKK٣א١٢١٢٢١אא

…………………………………KKKKKKKKKKKK٧……………………………KKKKK٩אאאא٣٢١

٣١א……………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKK……KKKKKKKKK١٧……………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK……KKK٢١

אא……………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK……KK٢٢

٢Kא………………………KKKKKK…K………KKKKK٢٢١٢א……K……KKKKKK……………K……KKK٢٣٢٢א …………………KKKKKKK……………KKKKKK…KKKKKK٢٤٣٢אא ………………KKKKKKK………………KKKKKKKK٢٥٤٢אא……………KKKKKKKKKKKK…KKK………KKKKK٢٥٥٢אא………………………KKKKK…………KKKKKKKK٢٦……KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢٦אאאאאא٦٢٧٢אאאא…………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢٧٨٢אאא…………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢٨

………………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢٩

א –١FE

٢٤٠ א

אא…………………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٣٠א…………………KKKKKKK……KKKKKKKK٣٠

١٣א………………………………KKKKKKKKKKKK٣٠٢٣אKKKKKKKKKKKKKK……………………………KKK…KKKK٣٧……KKKKKKK………KKKKKKK٣٨אאאאא٣٣

……………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢٩

אאא……………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK……٤٠אא………………………………KKKKKK…KKKKKKKKKK٤٠

١٤אא…………………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤٠٢٤אאא…………………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤٠

١٢٤אאא…………………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKK٤٠………………………………KKKKK٤٣אאא٢٢٤……………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK……KK٤٨

אא…………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK…………………KKK٤٨

٥Kא…………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK………………………KKKKK٥٠١٥א………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK………………KKKKKKKKK٥٠٢٥אא…………………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKK٥٠٣٥א………………………KKKKK…………٥٠

אא………………KKKKK…………………KKKKKKKK٣٥…………KK……………KKKKKKKKK٥٥אאא

אאא………………………………KKKKKKKK٣٥K……………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK……………KKKKK٩٥

א –١FE

٢٤٠ א

אא………………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦٠

א………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK…………………………٦٠١٦אא………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK…٦٠

١١٦אא………………………………KK٦٢٢١٦אאא…………………………………KKKKK٦٣٣١٦אאאאKKKKK……………………………K٦٦

…………………………………KKKKKKKKKKKK٦٧אא٢٦………………………………KKK٦٨אאא١٢٦………………………………KKKKKK…٦٩אאא٢٢٦

٣٦א…………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK…K٧٢………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK…………٧٣

אא……………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK……٧٤

٧Kאא …………………………………KKKKK٧٤١٧אא……………KKKKKKKKKKKKK……………………٧٥٢٧אאאאא…………………………………٧٦

١Jאאאא………KKKKK…………………………٧٦٢Jאאאא………KKKKKK…………………………٧٦

………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK………………KKKK٨٠

אא………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK………………KK٨١٨Kא…………………………………KKKKKKKKKK81

١٨א…………………………………KKKKKKKKK٨٢

א –١FE

٢٤٠ א

٢٨אאKKKKKKKKKK…………………………………٨٣ ٣٨אאאKKKKK………………………٨٤

٤٨א…………………………………KKKKKKK٨٦ …………………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٩١

אא………………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK…٩٢

א…………………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٩٣ ١٩אאא………………………………K٩٣ ٣٩אא…………………………………KKKKKKKKKK٩٣

١٣٩Jא…………………………………KKK٩٤ ٢٣٩אא………………………………K٩٥ ٣٣٩Jאא…………………………………KK٩٧

…………………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٩٨ אא…………………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٩٩

אא…………………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٩٩ ١١٠אאאא……………………KKK١٠٠ …………………K١٠١אאא٢١٠٣١٠אאא…………………………KKKKKK١٠٣٤١٠אאFאE………………………١٠٦

…………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١٠٨אא…………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١٠٩

א…………………………KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١١٠