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KMUTT Energy Forum ครั้��งที่�� 6

เชื้��อเพลิ�งเอที่านอลิ ED95

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บัรั้�ษั�ที่ ปติที่. จ)าก�ด (มหาชื้น)

5 เมษัายน 2556

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Outline

• EU Roadmap Greenhouse Gas Emission

• Application of Ethanol Fuel in Sweden

• What is ED95 ?

• ED95 Engine

• ED95 in Thailand and PTT-Scania Collaboration Progress

• Comparison between normal diesel / NGV and ED95

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EU Roadmap – Greenhouse Gas Emissions

l2020

l2010

l2000

2005-2020: Minus 10%

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Sustainable Transport – Available Biofuels

Ethanolfrom sugar cane < 90%

Synthetic dieselfrom biomass < 80%

BiodieselFAME, RME, etc. < 70%

Biogasfrom waste, sewage < 90%

Best Case CO2 reduction

These fuels are available today

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Fuel Alternatives

Ethanol FAME/RME

Synthetic diesel

Biogas Methanol DME Hydrogen

Production capacity + - ? - ? ? ?LocalEmissions + ? + + ? + +CO2/GHG reduction + + ? + + ? -In vehicle + + + - - ? -Handle & store + + + - - ? -Comm. available Yes Yes No Yes No No No

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Engine Type E85 ED95

Fuel 85% Ethanol 95% Ethanol

15% Gasoline 5% Additive

Ethanol type Anhydrous 99.5% Hydrous 95%

Engine Technology Spark Ignition Engine Compression Ignition

Application Light-Duty FFV (Flexible Fuel Vehicle)

Heavy-Duty Diesel Base Engine Modification

Manufacturer Ford, Volvo, Saab, Peugeot, Citron, Skoda, Seat, Renault, VW

SCANIA

Application of Ethanol Fuel In

Sweden

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuel_in_Sweden

In heavy duty diesel application, the most applicable of ethanol fuel with high efficiency is ED95. E85 is, in general, not match with diesel application due to extremely high octane number.

Ethanol for Dedicated Compression Ignition Engines (ED95)

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The composition of ED95 fuel :

What is ED95

fuel ?

Component Amount

Anhydrous Ethanol; purity 95% 95%

Additive 5%

Additives : Ignition improverDenaturant (by law)Corrosion inhibitorLubricity additive

ED95 is a pure ethanol fuel with additives for diesel engine adapted for ethanol

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Ethanol specification comparison

Items, unit Hydrous EtOH (for ED95)

Anhydrous EtOH for gasohol

Scania spec MOE spec

Total alcohol (EtOH&higher alcohol), %m/m

Min 92.4 Min 99.0

Higher saturated mono-alcohols (C3-C5), %m/m

Max 2.0 Max 2.0

MeOH, %m/m Max 0.5 Max 0.5

Density@15oC, Kg/m3

808-814 -

Appearance Bright&Clear, no visible impurity

Bright&Clear, no visible impurity

Flash point, oC Min 10 -

Acidity( as acetic acid), %m/m

Max 0.0050 Max 30 (mg/L)

Aldehyde(as acetic aldehydes), %m/m

Max 0.0250 -

Water, %m/m 4.5-7.4 Max 0.3

Items, unit Hydrous EtOH Anhydrous EtOH for gasohol

Scania spec MOE spec

Sulfur, mg/kg Max 10.0 -

Phosphorus, mg/l Max 0.20 -

Sulphates, mg/kg Max 4.0 -

Inorganic chloride, mg/kg

Max 1.0 Max 20 (mg/L)

Copper, mg/kg Max 0.100 Max 0.07

Dry residue, mg/kg

Max 65 -

Tot. contamination, mg/kg

Max 24 -

Electrical conductivity, uS/cm

Max 5.0 Max 5.0

Washed gum, mg/100ml

- Max 5.0

pHe - 6.5-9.0

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Handling and properties of ED959 ED95 is a stable fuel with long shelf life Must be handled as gasoline for safety reasons

ED95 Diesel

Density(kg/m3) 810-830 810-820

Flashpoint(°C) 12 >56

Cetane number ~10 >50

Biofuel (vol-%) >95 <7

Energy content (MJ/kg) 24.7 44.5

Energy content (MJ/litre) 20.5 35.6

Properties of ED95

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ED95 fulfils the Euro 5 emission standard and EEV

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Scania ED95 Engine

3rd generation diesel-ethanol engine

Based on the 9-litre Euro 4 diesel engine 270 hp, 1200 Nm

Euro 5 and EEV Best available environmental standard 9-litre diesel engine 270 hp, 1200 Nm

Thermal efficiency Ethanol up to 43% Diesel up to 44%

Proven technology Cost efficient way to replace diesel

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• Ethanol resistant fuel system (unit injectors)• Increased fuel injector size (+75% at equal pressure)• Very high compression ratio: 28:1• Ethanol compatible engine oil• Reduced service interval• Short route EGR, with venturi

– to reduce NOx emissions (Euro 5 diesel EGR levels)• Oxidation catalyst

– eliminating CO and HC emissions

ED95 piston 28:1 HSD piston 17:1

ED95 Engine

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Scania’s commitment to sustainabilityVehicles, fuels, infrastructure…

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ED95 Project in Thailand

9 Partners

January 23rd 2011 at Bangkok

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ED95 Project in Thailand

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PTT supported ED95 station (fuel system, pump, tank and dispenser)

Additive imported from Brazil

ED95 Project in Thailand

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ED95 Station

1. Storage EtOH and additive separated , mixed when fill in bus or

truck

2. Storage finish ED95 (mixed EtOH and additive in tank)

ED95

tank

EtOH tank

Additive

tank

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PTT & Scania Siam Collaboration Project on ED95 Working ScheduleObjective :

To develop ED 95 formulation by using PTT ‘s additive

Testing & Evalutaion by Scania :Engine Test : modified single cylinder ( CR = 28:1

)Performance evaluation :

• Ignition delay • Combustion Stability

Conclusion : Scania approve PTT ED95 formulation

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Items NGV ED 95

Fuel Formulation CNG 100 % 95% hydrous + 5% additive

Engine Dedicated CNG Heavy Duty bioethanol-adapted compression ignition

engine Lube Need special lube Need special lube

Service Station NGV Service Station Same as E85

Fuel Consumption * 1.7 – 2.7 km./kg equivalent to 3.4- 5.4 km./l normal

diesel

1.2 – 1.8 km./l

Fuel Price 10.5 baht / kg > 32 baht / l

Fuel Cost , baht/km 5.55 – 10.5 17.78 – 26.67

Vehicle Cost , Mbaht 6 - 7 8

Comparison between NGV and ED95 for heavy duty vehicles

* Reference : KMIT ED95 Project

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Items Diesel ED 95

Fuel Formulation Diesel ( B5 ) 95% hydrous + 5% additive

Engine Normal diesel engine bioethanol-adapted compression ignition

engine Lube Normal diesel engine oil at

same ODINeed special lube

Service Station Normal Same as E85

Fuel Consumption * 1.8 – 2.7 km./l 1.2 – 1.8 km./l

Fuel Price 29.99 baht / kg > 32 baht / l

Fuel Cost , baht/km 11.11 – 16.66 17.78 – 26.67

Vehicle Cost , Mbaht 5 8

Comparison between Diesel and ED95 for heavy duty vehicles

* Reference : KMIT ED95 Project

-23-แหลิ!งที่��มา: ขั้�อม+ลิจาก รั้ายงานปรั้ะจ)าป, 2554 กรั้มควบัค�มมลิพ�ษั

Emission : ED95 vs CNG vs Diesel

All emission emitted by ED95 bus comparing to diesel is totally less than diesel, while the PM and CO are higher than CNG bus.

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Thank you