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deal in fraud, those who when they have to receive by measure from men exact full measure. But when they have to give by measure or weight to men, give less than due. Do they not think that they will be called to account? (83:1-4) and Give just measure, and do not be of those who cause loss. And weigh with an accurate scale, and do not deprive people of their due. And do not commit abuse on the earth, spreading corruption. (Qura~n 26:181-183).

The Prophet Muhammad also cursed the one who bribes and the one who takes bribes.

Wealth management in IslaamSpending and consumption are both allowed and encouraged in Islaam as long as one does so without extravagance, wastefulness or inconsideration of the poor.

The Qura~n says, O children of Adam, wear ne clotheseat and drink but also reminds us to be not excessive (7:31) and that whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul it is those who will be the successful. (59:9).

Likewise, unlimited savings are allowed, but an annual poor due is to be levied as a tax (zakat) which is used for social security and public services.

Specically, zakat is for the poor, the destitute, those who collect it, reconciling peoples hearts, freeing slaves, those in debt, ... (9:60).

The wealthy are reminded in the Qura~n that charity is not an optional benevolent deed, but rather that from their properties [is] the right of the beggar and the deprived (51:19).

Debt management in IslaamInterest on loans, which channels wealth from the poor to the rich, encourages exploitation of the poor and widens economic gaps, is strictly prohibited in Islaam. The Qura~n states that God has permitted trade and has forbidden interest (2:275).

The receiver of interest, as well as the giver, witness and scribe are all cursed, according to prophetic tradition. The treatment of those in debt is also addressed with Qura~nic injunctions: You who believe, heed God and give up what remains [due to you] of interest, if you should be believers.and if the debtor is in difculty, then [let there be] postponement until [a time of] ease. But if you remit it by way of charity, that is better for you, if you only knew. (2:278-280).

ConclusionGlobalisation is a fact of life. While its prevalence is undeniable, its methods and applications remain a choice for us as global citizens, and therefore so do its results. Islaam offers a framework that allows us all to benet from the advantages of globalisation while protecting us from its harm.

The result is a global community of producers and consumers who promote just and equitable business in an atmosphere of mutual service and compassion.

References Tabb, William K. Globalization. Microsoft Encarta 2007 [CD]. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Corporation, 2006.

The Quran: Arabic Text with Corresponding English Meanings. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Saheeh International, 1997.* Teresa Lesher has a Ph.D. in Information Science fom Loughborough University and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Library and Information Science, College of Basic Education, Public Authority of Applied Education and Training in Kuwait.She is the General Manager of AWARE Center (Advocates of Western-Arab Relations) in Kuwait, and an advisor on I-MAG Magazine board.

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Dr. Teresa Lesher

Islaam: For or Against Globalisation?

Islaam, in many ways, supports globalisation since it connects people, facilitates communication and business, and provides employment opportunities.

For example: The Qura~n requires the democratization of information, meaning that Gods message is for all mankind and that those with knowledge have the responsibility of conveyance. And we have not sent you (with this message) except as a mercy to [all nations] (21:107);

Mutual acquaintance and travel is encouraged with the well-known Quranic verse: O mankind, indeed we have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another (49:13);

The annual pilgrimage (haj) is an international religious service spanning several days, when people

from around the world meet, discuss, trade commodities and information, and establish brotherly ties. Early trade routes and information exchange in the Muslim world had their origins in the haj;

Trade and employment in one anothers service is a natural aspect of life. God said, It is We who have apportioned among them their livelihood in the life of this world and have raised some of them above others in degrees [of rank] that they may make use of one another for service (43:32).

Moreover, Muslims are advised and urged to undertake and participate in whatever may be benecial for mankind with no limits to ethnic, religious, geographical or political boundaries. This principle supports the idea of globalisation, and globalisation facilitates the application of this principle in communities worldwide.

Islaamic Business EthicsInjunctions and advice detailed in the Qura~n and prophetic traditions encourage mutual cooperation but also deneproper behavior so that the poor, weak and vulnerable are protected against the avarice and subjugation of others.

Trade laws are applicable whether business partners are Muslim or not; Islaam does not accept discriminatory treatment of non-believers. There is a place for a free market system in Islaam, but with the following conditions:

Reckless exploitation, consumption and bribery is forbidden in Islaam: And do not consume one anothers wealth unjustly, nor give it [in bribe] to authorities in order that [they might aid] you to consume a portion of the wealth of the people in sin while you know [it is unlawful] (2:188);

Fair dealings and economic transparency are required:Do not consume one anothers wealth unjustly, but only [in lawful] business by mutual consent. (4:29);

Brokerage or agency (contracting middlemen in the sale of goods) is permissible unless it interferes with free trade. The prophet Muhammad taught that it is unethical (and therefore illegal) for a broker to store goods in order to inateprices; even though it benets businessmen, it harms the general public;

Hoarding money and goods is forbidden unless it is done in order to meet the needs of society, such as the storing or rationing of grain during a drought.The Qura~n warns, Give tidings of a painful punishment to those who hoard gold and silver and do not spend them for Gods sake. (9:34) Ones superuous wealth should be used to give loans to the needy, for unconditional aid to the needy, or as venture capital for development and investment projects;

Fraud is prohibited according to the Quranic verses Woe to those who

Globalisation and Islaam (Part 2/2)Hayat Alyaqout

hayat@i-mag.org

www.i-mag.org

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By : Salma ArabWe all love to argue but oftentimes an argument ends in a yelling match with insults ying and no conclusion being drawn. Therefore, I have put together this list of tips to help all of us in our future debates. If you take heed of all of my suggestions here, you will be in a much stronger position in future arguments. If you nd this list useful, I also recommend you read the book How to Argue & Win Every Time, by Gerry Spence.

10 Soft and SteadyWhen debating you should never raise your voice. You should remain calm at all times. The louder you talk, the louder your opponent talks - and the end result is a yelling match. You can even try to talk quieter than normal - as this can draw people in to you and it can make you appear wise. An argument is not won by the person with the loudest voice, it is won by the person with the most compelling arguments.

9 Get Your Opponent On Your SideIt is a good idea to try to get your opponent on your side by making statements that you know he agrees with. You dont even need to use a fact relating to your debate - you could, for example, in a debate about the existence of God, state I am sure you agree with me when I say that petrol is overpriced. As soon as your opponent agrees, you have won a psychological battle. This technique is so effective it is used by telemarketers all the time.

8 Dont AttackIt is not a good idea to blatantly tell your opponent that he is wrong - instead you should show that he is wrong through good counter-arguments. Telling a person they are wrong merely annoys them

and does nothing for your argument. Be humble in the debate and show good will - not only will it make you look good if you win, it will show that you are a worthy opponent even if you lose.

7 Dont Play DirtyNever resort to name calling - even if your opponent does. You must attack your opponents argument - not their person. As soon as you begin to criticize your opponent, it becomes obvious that you have run out of ways to defend your view.

6 Dene The FundamentalsWhen arguing, both parties need to agree on fundamental truths to begin with - if you dont, there can be no debate. What is the point of arguing that the Quran were the words of God, when your opponent doesnt even believe in God? First you should debate the existence of God. If you both agree that He exists, you can then debate the smaller points.

5 Stick to the SubjectWhen a person is beginning to lose an argument, it is quite common to see them try to divert the topic at hand to another - thereby hoping you will not notice their weakness and will get entangled in a whole new debate. When this happens, dont fall for it. Return to the original topic immediately. Do not give any time to other topics (no matter how tempting it may be) until you have completed the rst.

4 Ask QuestionsThis is the socratic method. When your opponent states

a fact - probe deeper in to the fact with questions that are designed to expose its aws - these are usually tell me more type questions: can you give me an example?, Another way of looking at this is , does this seem reasonable?. Unfortunately this is not always the case - I have seen frustrated people depart the debate in anger because they believe you are trying to trick them. But dont worry - this is a win if it happens.

3 Be SilentAfter making a strong argument, let your opponent do all the talking - especially if he lacks the facts to oppose you. He will bluster and fumble - giving you a variety of new weapons with which to attack him. Many times an argument has been won by not arguing at all! As an aside, this is an excellent method for getting your own way - make your request, and when it is declined remain silent. This usually makes the other person so nervous that they may give in just to get out of an uncomfortable situation.

2 Know Your FactsDo not state that something is true unless you absolutely know it is - be prepared to prove it if necessary. It is incredibly annoying to debate a topic with a person who is simply making up their argument on the y. You wouldnt like it if people did it to you - so dont do it to others.

1 Know When Youre BeatIf you have all the facts to back you up, you should be able to win your argument if your opponent is honest. But there will always be times when your opponent gets the better of you and they corner you. When this happens, be a gentleman and concede the win. You should always be graceful in defeat. Nothing is worse than a person who argues simply for the sake of it and absolutely will not give in - no matter how obvious their loss.

Top 10 Tips For Winning An Argument

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