التشريح ووظائف الأعضاء 1

אאאא––11

120120

א אא J1 120

א،אא،،W

אאאאאאאאאאאאאא،אאאא

אאאאאאאאאא؛אא

אאK אאאאאאא

אא،אא،אאאאאאא

אאא،אאאאאאאאאאאאאא

،אאאא،אאאK אא?אא–1???

אאאאאאאאK אאאאאאא

אאא،א،אאאאאאK

אאאא؛אK

אאאא

אאאא

אאאאJJ11

א

א

1

א אא J1 אא 120 אא

- 1 -

אאWאא

אאWאאאאאאאאK

אאW אאאW

1 J אא 2 J א 3 J א

4 J א

5 J אא

אאW6

אאW

אאאK


- 2 -

אא

אא Medical Terminology

W

אאאאKאאאKאאאK

אאאאאאKאאאK

אאאאאאאKא،אא

אK אאאאא

אאא،אK

אאאאW

1 JאAnalyze Words Structurally אאאאFToolsEאאא

K

אאאWאFRootsE،אFSuffixesEא،FPrefixesEאא،F(Combining Vowels

אFCombining FormsKEא


- 3 -

אא،אאK

F1WE GASTROENTEROLOGY

אGastr FStomach E א،Enter FIntestine Eא ،Logy א F F EProcess of Study Eאא،O

אאאWFEאאאK

F2WE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

אElectFElectricityEא،CARDIאFHeartEא،Gram

FRecordE א א ،Oא א ، א אWאFאאKE

GASTR / O / ENTER / O / LOGY

א

ELECTR / O / CARDI/ O / GRAM


- 4 -

F3WE

HEMATOLOGY

אHEMATאFBloodEא،LOGY אFEא،אO אאאWאאK

F4WE

SUBGASTRIC

،GASTR אSUBFUnderEا FStomachEא،IC FPertainingEאא،WאK

2 JאFWord ElementsEאFAnatomyE

אFPhysiologyEאFDiseaseEאא،אאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאFHepatitisEאF- itisEאFHepatE

؟אאא؟א 3 JאאאFSpellingEFPronunciationE،א

HEMAT / O / LOGY

SUB / GASTR / IC


- 5 -

אאאאאאא،FIliumEFIleumEאאא

FIliumEאFPelvisEאאFhipboneEאFIleumEאא،אא

א،אW J

hepat / oma

א

hemat / oma

אK

אאאאאאאאK

EאאBasic Word Structure אאאאKא

אאאא،GastralgiaאOphthalmologistאK

א א א א אאא ،א א א

א: -


- 6 -

1 - F( Word root

FEא Foundation of The Word

W/ ic

) Stomach(

2 J Suffix אWord Ending

W gastr/ gastr /

FPertaining toEאFInflammationE 3 J Prefix

אWord begining

W / gastr / ic / gastr / ic

FacrossEFaboveE

4 JCombining Vowel אאFOEאאW

itis ic

trans epi

gastr

ELECTR / O / CARDI/ O / GRAM


- 7 -

5 JאCombining Form א

/ gram

Eאאא،Combining Forms Suffixes and Prefixes

אאאgastr / o cardi / oאאFlistEא

אאאאאK 1- אCombining Form

FE Meaning

FE Terminology

FE Meaning

FE Combining Form

א

omaaden oma

itisaden אitis

FEgland aden/o

אא itisarthr FEjoint arthr/o

אא biology

אlogy FElife bi /o

omaCarcin FE

Cancerous Carcin/o

אא ologyCardi FEheart Cardi/o

icCephal

ic FEhead Cephal/o

alCerebr

al FE

brain Cerebr/o

incision FEto cut Cis/o

o/ cardi


- 8 -

FE Meaning

FE Terminology

FE Meaning

FE Combining Form

ionאin

אioncisex ex J

F אאE

endocrine glands אEndo FESecrete Crin/o

א Cytology Cell Cyt/o

FE Meaning

FE Terminology

FE Meaning

FECombining

Form

א hypodermic

hypo J Skin derm/o

אא dermatosisOsis J

Skin dermat/o

אא

ocardiogramelectr gram

electricity electr/o

אא

gramencephaloelectro brain encephal/o

אאא itisenter אאIntestine enter/o

FEא ocyteerythr RED erythr/o

אא א

א

gastrectomy אאectomy

gastrotomy tomy

Stomach gastr/o

icgenCarcino produced loy gen/o


- 9 -

FE Meaning

FE Terminology

FE Meaning

FE Combining Form

FאE

isgnosdia dia

PROGNOSIS Pro

knowledge gnos/o

אא gynecology א،אFemale

،Woman gynec/o

maoHemat

blood hem/o

אא itishepat liver hepat/o

אgeniciatro Treatment iatr/o

cyteLeuko White Leuk/o

א otomyNephr Kidney Nephr/o

אא osisNeur Nerve Neur/o

אא ologyOnc Tumor Onc/o

אoscopyOphthalm eye Ophthalm/o

אא oarthritisOste bone Oste/o

אאא

ologistPath ist

Disease Path/o

א iatricsPed Child Ped/o

א ologyPhysi nature Physi/o

אא sisPsycho mind psych/o

אא ologyradi

אאא X - rays radi/o

FE Meaning

FE Terminology

FE Meaning

FE Combining Form

alren Kidney ren/o


- 10 -

Ren / o Nephro א،אal

א א א ، א אאK

אא itisrhin nose rhin/o

sarcoma flesh sarc/o

א tomygastro to cut Secti/o

אא urology

urine אurinary

tract

Ur/o

2 JאSuffixes

FE Meaning

FE Terminology

FE Meaning

FE Combining

Form FEicCard Pertaining to -ac

א FEalNeur Pertaining to -al

algiaarthr Pain -algia

FE cyteLeuko Cell -Cyte

א ectomyaden אexcision -ectomy

אאFאאא

Eא

emiaLeuk אblood

condition -emia

א grmencephlao Record -gram

אאFאאאאE

iaerythrem condition -ia

gastric Pertaining to

-ic

א Nephrologist Specialize -ist

אא Cystitis א -itis


- 11 -

FE Meaning

FE Terminology

FE Meaning

FE Combining

Form אא Endocrinology אStudy of -logy

א hepatoma tumor

mass -oma

אא

opsybi Process of

Viewing -Opsy

אאא

osisLeukocyt

Abnormal Condition

-osis

א

gastroscope

instrument for visually examine

-Scope


- 12 -

FE Meaning

FE Terminology

FE Meaning

FE Combining Form

אאאא

א

scopygastro

אpreocess of

visually examination

-Scopy

FE sisdiagno State of

condition -Sis

א tomeOsteo instrument

of cut -tome

אא rhinotomy אFאE

Process of cutting

-tomy

אאא

ygastroenterolog process -Y

3- א : Prefixes

FE Meaning

FE Terminology

FE Meaning

FE Combining Form

אאאא

emiaan ،No , Not ai- , an-

אא

psyauto אSelf auto-

FאאE

tomyana אUp ,

Apart ana-

FאאE

diagnostictic J

،Through, Complete

dia -

א crinologistendo אWithin endo –


- 13 -

FE Meaning

FE Terminology

FE Meaning

FE Combining Form

FE epidermic above epi -

א excision Out ex -

אא،אא

crine glandsexo Out exo -

אא

אFאE

emiaHyper excessive Hyper-

א gastricHypo Below

Deficient Hypo -

אאא

cardiumPeri Un

J

Surrounding

Peri -

אFאE

gnousPre Before Pre -

א sectionre ،

Back re J

אאא

gastricretro אbehind retro -

א gastricTrans across Trans -


- 14 -

אא

: אא -أ

1 Jא ...........

2 - אKKKKKKKKKKKKK 3 JאKKKKKKKKKKKKKK 4 JאאKKKKKKKKKKK 5 Jא..................

-ب א א E L F ، א א א א אאאW

Root) جذر ( Meaning) معناه ( 1 . Adenoma 2 . Cerebral 3 . Pathogenic 4 . Hypogastric 5 . Leuko cyte 6 . Rhinitis 7 . Arthrotomy 8 . Hepatitis

جـ J א א E L F א א א אאאW

1 . Carcinogenic 2 . Electroencephalogram 3 . Osteotome 4 . erythrocytosis 5 . Nephrologist 6 . Encephalo pathy 7 . Biology 8 . physiology


- 15 -

و Jאא : 1 . aden / o 12 . physi / o 2 . leuk / o 13 . path / o 3 . cephal / o 14 . rhin / o 4 . arthr / o 15 . nephr / o 5 . cerebr / o 16 . carcin / o 6 . cyt / o 17 . gnos / o 7 . oste / o 18 . onc / o 8 . dermat / o 19 . tom / o 9 . erythr / o 20 . gynec / o 10 . encephal / o 21 . hepat / o 11 . bi / o 22 . oyst / o

:אאאאא -ي 1 . Infammation 2 . Resection , or surgical removal 3 . section 4 . cendition ( usually abnormal ) 5 . Process of study 6 . Instrument to examine visually 7 . Instrument to cut 8 . One Who specialyzes in 9 . Pertaving to 10 . Blood Candition 11 . Tumor 12 . Pain 13 . Record 14 . Cell 15 . Process of Viewing


- 16 -

:אאאאא -ز 9- Self 1- Surrounding 10- Up 2- Across 11- Behind 3- Complete, Through 12- Outside, Outer 4- Above 13- Back 5- Before 14- Out 6- Within 15- No, Not , Without 7- Excessive 8- Deficient

:אא -ح 1) Blood mass ( tumor ) 2) Inflammation Of Gland 3) Record Of The Electricity Of The heart 4) Abnorrmal Condition Of Clotting Cells ( slight increases in numbers) 5) Pertaining to across the stomach 6) Study Of skin ( and its diseases ) 7) Head pain 8) Instrument to cut bone 9) Removal Of The Stomach 10) Instrument to visually examine the eye 11) To View Life Tissue ( removal of living tissue for microsccopic Examination ) 12) Inflammation of bones and joints 13) One Who Specializes in study of tumors 14) Pertaining to Producing Disease 15) Incision of the Stomach 16) Process of Viewing the urinary bladder


- 17 -

אאא -ط 1- autopsy 2- Nephro tomy 3- Erythremia 4- Oncology 5- Cephalic 6- Gastric Section 7- Gastric Resection 8- Cystitis 9- Hepatoma 10- Anemia 11- Leukemia 12- Carcinoma 13- Thrombosis 14- Sacroma

אא

אאאאJJ11

א

2

א אא J1 אא 120 א

- 18 -

אאWא

אאWאא

אאW אאאW

Jא Jא

Jא

JאאאFאאE

Jאא

אאW6

אאW

אאאK


- 19 -

אא א

The Cell

א؟אאא؟

א،אאא א א א K

אאא،،אא،אאאאאKאאW﴿א

﴾KאאאאאK

אא––אאאאאאא،אאאא

אK אאאאאא

א א א א א א א K

אאא אאא אאאאאאאאא

אאK א א א א א א א אא

אא אא א Kאאאאאאא

אאאאאK אאאאאא

אאאאאK


- 20 -

אאאW

אאאWאאW﴿אאא﴾K

אK،אאאאאאKאאאאK

؟א (1אFאEOrgans

אא F E א א ، א

אK א א א א K א

אאאKאא FEאאאאאאאK

2EאFrespirationE

אאאאK א ، אא אא א א א א

אאKאאאאאאK

3EאאF (excretion

אא،אאא،אאאאK

אאאאא،אאאאא،אא

אאאאאאאK


- 21 -

4EאFmovementE אאאאKאאא

KאאאאאאאK

5EאFresponsivenessE

א א א אאאא K אאאאאK

אא KאאאאאאאK

6EאF(growth

،אאאאא، ، אאא א K א

אאאK א א א

K 7EאFreproductionE

אאאאK אאאאאאא،אא

אאא،אK אאאK

אאאאאFאאEאFfertilizationE،

אKאאאאאאK


- 22 -

8EאFadaptationE אאאאאא

K אא א ،א א א אא

אKאאאK א،אאאאא،

אאאאאאאK 9EאFNutritionE

אאאKאאאאאאאKאאאאK

אאאאא KאאאאאאKאK

אאאאW

א א א א א ? ? Fmicroscope EאאאאKאא??אאא

אאאK אאאא??אאא

KאאאאKא אאאא Fא E

אFcellsEאאא1665אK

אא????،אאאאK


- 23 -

אאאW

אאאאאW؟אא

אא א Wא א א א ؟

،א אאאאא

K ، א ، א א א ، א א

א א ?F ? schleiden Eאא?F?schwanKE

אא،א،Fcell wallKE

אא אא אFnucleus Eא FcytoplasemKE

אאא K אK

אא1839אאאאK אאFvirchowE1855אא، K

א א K

אW

1E אאאאK

2E ،אאK


- 24 -

אא ،אאאאאK

אא א،אאאא א

א א K א א א אא אא א ،

אאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאW

אאאא،אאK،אא،،،א،Kאא

אאאאאKאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאKאאאאאאFאאEאאא

אאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאאאאKאא

אאאאאאK


- 25 -

1 JאW

אKאאא،א א K א א א א K א

0.3Kאא0.003אK

אKא א אאאאא

Kאאאאא

אW

אאאKאאW

1 JאWאאאאאאK

2 JאWאאאKאאאאאאאאאא

אאא،אK

3 JאWאאאאאאאא

4 JאאWאאאK

5 JאWאאKאאאK

6 JאאאאאאK


- 26 -

7 Jאא،אK

8 Jאאא،אK

2 JאW א א א א

K אאאאאאא

א ، א 300.000א א א ، 2500K

אאאאאאאאאאא،

אאK א א F אא א א E

אK


- 27 -

אאאאF1E

אF1E

EאאCell Membrane אא א א

100FאZ1L1000א،אZ1L1000אEאאK

אאאאאאKאאאא א א אא אא א א

KאאאאK


- 28 -

א: 1 JאאאאK 2 JאאאאאאK 3 JאאאאK 4 J א א א א

K 5 JאאאאאK 6 Jא א

א א א א א א

אATPאאK

אאKאאא א א א א א אא

א،אאאאאאא،אא، א א א Kא א

א א، אא ،אאא،אאאאאK

אאאאאאאאK

א אא אאאאאאא אאK

אאאאא، א א Glucose א א ،Amino acids ،

אאK


- 29 -

אF2E

א א ،

א אא אא א אא אא אאאאאאאאKאא

אאאאאW

Jאdiffusion

אאKאאא אאא אא אאK אא

אאאאW


- 30 -

אF3E

1E אאא

אאאאאאא אא א K אא א א א א

אאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאK

2E אאא אא א א K א

א א א Kא א אאאKאא

אאא אאאאאאאאאאאK


- 31 -

אF4E

–אאאdispersion of materials in water

1E אאmolecular solution

א א א א א 0.000001אאK

אאאKאאאא، א א א אא א

אאאKאWאאאאאK

2 Eאsuspension Wא 0.0001 Kאא

א K K א א א אאKאאא

FאEאאאאK


- 32 -

3 E א אcolloidal solution Wא א א

אא0.00010.000001אא، א א K א

אFאKEאאKאאאאKFE

אאhydrosolאאאאKאאאא

אhydrogel א א א K א אK

אאאאאאאאא E אfiltrationWאא

אKאאאאאאK

E אאdialysisWאFאאE

אFאE.

א אא א א Kא א parchment אcellophaneK

אW

אFאאEאKKאא.selective permeability

אאFEא FE،אאK

אאKאאאאK

Jאosmosis אאאאא


- 33 -

אאאאאאKאאאKאאאאא

Kא אא אא אאא א אא אא Fאא K Eא

א א Kא א א א א אאאאאאאא

א אאK

אא אא א ، א K

אאאאאאא א א K א א א Fא א א א Eא

אאאאאאאאאאKאאאא

אאא K א א א א א K א א K

אאאאאאאKאאא0.9F٪0.155E

אK אאאאאאK

אK אאא אאא0.9٪

א א 0.9٪א 0.155 אא0.32אאא

אKאאאאאאאKאא

אK אאK


- 34 -

אאאאK א א0.9٪א א

אא0.9٪אאK אאאאאK

אאאאKאאאאאאאאאאאא

אא،אאKאאאאאאאאאK

א א א א אא א א אאאאKאאאאאאא

אKאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאKאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאK

א א א א א אא Kאא אא אא

אאאא KאאאאאאKא

א אאאKאאאאאאאאאאאא

אK אאאאאאאKאF5E


- 35 -

אF5E

א Jאא אאאאא אא

א א א K א א א א אאאKאאאאאא

KאאאאאאאK

Jאא אאאאאKא

KאאאאאKא א א אא

אאאאאK


- 36 -

Jאא א א א א

KאKאאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאK

אF6E

EאProtoplasm א ، א א א א א

אא،א

EאCytoplasm א א אא א א א

אאאFאEאאK אFאEאאאאא

אKאאאK

אאW 1 JאK2 JאK


- 37 -

אאאW J

אאW Endo - Plasmic Reticulum א א א א א

א Kא אא אא א א אאאK

אF7E

אאאאW

LאאאW Rough ER א אא RNA א ،

אאKאאאK


- 38 -

אF8E

LאאאW Smooth ER

א KאאאאאKאאאאאK

אF9E


- 39 -

2 JFGolgi Bodies E

10شكل الאאאא

1898 KWאא، ،א אא

אKאאאאאאא א K אאא אK

א א א א א א אא K

אאאאאאK

3 JאMitochondria

אאאא א א א ، א א

אאא Kא0.25 KאאאאאKאאאאא


- 40 -

א א K אאא א אאאאאאאKKאא

אאKKאאאDNAאKK

א א א א א ATPאKא

א א א א א א אאKאאאאאא

אאK

אאאאאFאאאאE

אFאEא ،א Fmatrix Eא א א א، א

אאא،אאK

א11


- 41 -

4 JאאאCentrosome

،אאאאאאא

אאאאאא،אאFCentrileEאF12E،

אאאאאאK

א12


- 42 -

EאאCell Nucleus

א א K א אאאאא

א אא א א א א א אאאW

1Lאא אאאא

א א א W א א אאאאאK

2Lאא אאא

אאאאK

3Lא אRNAKא

אFRrnaE אאאK

4Lאא אא א

אא52אא46א40א38א8א2K

א א א א א א אא אאאאא،אאFNuclear

EnvelopEאאאאא،א،אאאאאאאאא

אאאא،א120K


- 43 -

אF13E

א א א א א א ، אא אאאK

אאאאא FChromosomesKE

א א א،אאא46אא

23אאאאא DNA،אאK

אא א Nuclealus ،אAcidRibonucleicFRNAEאאאא،

אK


- 44 -

3 JאאאאאW

א א א א א F א E،אאאא،אאF62E٪א،

F20E٪ א ،F10 E٪ א ،F3 E٪ א،F2.5 E٪ א ، F1.14 E٪،אF0.16E٪א،F0.14E٪א،F0.11E٪א،F0.10E٪א،F

0.07E٪א،F0.01KE٪

א ، א א א אא אאאאאK

،א א א א ،

K

JאאW אאאא7585

٪ ، א א אא א א ، א א א א א

אא،א15٪،אאא،אא،א

אאאאאאאK

،א א אא א א א א א א ،

Hemoglobin)KE


- 45 -

JאאW

א א א א א אאאא،אא

אW

1 JאאCarbohydrates

אאאאאאאאאא2אW1אאאאא

אK אאW

1 JאFMonosaccharidesKE 2 JאFDisaccharidesKE 3 JאFPolysaccharidesKE

FSugars Eא אאא ،אאאא،אא

אK

، א א א אאאאאK

2 JאProteins

א א א א א FAmino

Acids Eאאא،אאאאאא20א K ، א א א א א 20


- 46 -

אא،א،א א א א

אK

אאא א א FInsulin E،א،אאאאא

אאא،אאאאאאאאאאאK

א א א א

א ، א אאא א א א א א

אK 3 JאFates

א א א א א א ، אא א

Kאא א א אא

אK א ، אאא א

אא،אאאאאאאאאK

، א אאK


- 47 -

4 JאאNucleic Acids

א א א א א א א א אא،א

1 J אאDNA

2 JאאRNA

אאאאאאאK אאFאאאEא، DNA

א،אאK 4 JאאW

אאאאאאFMitosisEא،אאאאאאFMeiosisEאK

אאאאאאK

JאאMitosis

א א אא א א אא

אאאא،אאאאאאאאא

אאFא

46 E ،א א א א


- 48 -

א א א א א אאא אאW J

WאאProphase

אאאאאFChromotidEאא،

אFCentromereE،FEאKאאאא

אאאK אאאאאאא

אאF14 JEאאאאאאאאK

WאאאFMetaphaseE

א א א א F14 J E א אאאאאאא

א א אא א א א אאK

WאאFAnaphaseE

אאאאאאא א אאאא

א F14 J، E ، א אאאאאK


- 49 -

אWאאTelophase אאאאא

אאאאF14Eאא א א אא ، אא

אאFא14KE אאאFInterphaseE،אKאאאאW

אF30 J60 E ،אאF2 J10 E ،אF3 J15 E،אF30EK


- 50 -

אF14Eאאאאאא


- 51 -

JאאאMeiosis

אאאא،אאאKאא ،אאאא אאא א

א אא אאאאאאאאאאKא

א א א ، א אא אא א،אאאא،

א،אא אאאK

אא46אאא א א אאאאא אא ،

אא23K

א א א א ، א א אא א א 46א אאאא

W J

אאW

אאא א א א א א אK

אאW

א،אאאK א


- 52 -

JאאW

אW J

1 JאאאW

א،אאאא א אא א F J15 E א ، א

אF15 E אאאF J15 E، א א K א

א א Kא א،אאאאאF J15KE

אא א א א א א،FCrossing OverEאא

،אאאאאKאאאאאאא

א،אא،א

F J15Eא،אאא،אאK

2 JאאאאW

אא،אאאאאאא،אאאאF J15EK

3 JאאאW אאא،


- 53 -

א א א ، א א KאF J15E א א א א K

K 4 JאאאW

א א א אF J15 E א א א

אאKאאאאאK

אF15Eאאאא


- 54 -

Wאא

אאא،אאא،אא،אאאאאאאאאא،א

אאKאאאא،אאא

אאאאאאאאאא،אאאאאאאK


- 55 -

אא

1 Eא אא؟אאא؟

2EאאאאW

FEW 1 JאאK 2 JאאK 3 JאאK

FEאאW

1 J אאאאK 2 J אK 3 J אאK

FEאאאאאW

1 J אK 2 J אאאK 3 J אאK

3Eאאאאא؟

4E؟א 5E؟אאאאא؟א


- 56 -

6E؟؟אאאאאא

7E؟אאאא

8EאאאאW

FEאאאW 1 Jא3 Jא 2 Jא4 J

FEאאאאאאאW

1 J אאאK 2 J אאאאאאK 3 J אאאK 4 J אאאאאK

FEאאאאאW 1 Jא3 Jא 2 Jא4 J

FEאאW

1 J3 J 2 J4 J

FEאאאאW

1 J3 J 2 J4 J

אא

אאאאJJ11

א

3


- 57 -

אאWא

אאWאאא

אאW אאאW

6 J אא 7 J אאא

8 J אאאא 9 J אאא

10 J אאאא

אאW6


- 58 -

אא

א Tissues

JאאW

א א א אא،

א

אF16E


- 59 -

אW

1 JאאאEpithelial Tissue

אאאFאאאE،، א א א א אא א א א

א ، א א א א א א אא א ، א אא א א א

א.

אF17Eאאא


- 60 -

2 JאאWconnective tissue

א א א אאא: -

EאאLigament Tissue

אאאאאאאאאאאK

EאאCartilage Tissue

אW

1 JWHyaline Cartilage אאאאK

2 JWYellow Elastic Cartilage אאאאאK

3 J White Fibro Cartilage אאאK

EאאBone Tissue

א א אא אא אK


- 61 -

EאאWFat Tissue

א א אאאאאא،

אאא،אאאאאאK

EאאElastic Tissue

א א א ، א א א אאאאאאאאאK

אF18EאאאK


- 62 -

3 JאאWMuscular Tissue

א א א،אאאאאא،

אאאאW J

EאאאאSkeletal Muscle

א،אאא،אאאאK

אF19E


- 63 -

EאאאאSmooth Muscle

א א א ، א א א א،א אאא،אא،אא،א

אאא.

אF20E

EאCardiac Muscle

אאאאK


- 64 -

אF21E 4 JאאWNervous Tissue

אאאאneuronsאאאא א ، א אא א א

א א ، אא א א א א Kא א א אא neuroglia cells ؛אאא

אאאאאאאK


- 65 -

Wא،אאW

1EאW

אא א אא א א א א א א א א אא א

،אאK א א א א K

אאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאKאאאK

א،אאאאאK

، א א א אאאאאא،؟Kא

אאאאKאאאKאאאKאא

א،אאאאFImpulsesEאאא،K

אאאאאאK 2EאאNerve Cell

א א א א א אKא א אאאאKאא K

؛אאאאאאאא Kא א K א א אא א א


- 66 -

dendrites א ؛ אא א K ؛ א אאאא؛אK

אF22E אאאW

1 JאW

אאאאאאKאאFEאאK

2 JאאאFאE

؛אאא،א،א،א

Kאאאא،אאאאאאאFא21EKאא

אאאאK


- 67 -

3 Jאא

א؛א؛אאאאKF22KE

אאא אFNeurilemme(KאאאאFMyelinEאא،

Kאאאא120אאKאא،אאאF1L10א

אKE

אF23E

،אאאאא،א

،אאאאא،אאאאאK

אאאאFSynapseE،אF24E אאאאאא

אאאאאא


- 68 -

אאאאאאאK


- 69 -

א24

אאא

אאאW

1 J sensory neuron

אאאאאKאאא א א א K א א א א

אK

אF25E


- 70 -

2 J motor neuron א א א א א א K

אאאאא.

אF26E

3 J intercalated neuron אאאKאאFא

אEאאאאK


- 71 -

אF27E

Eא،אאW

1 J אW א א אא א א

א א א ، א א אא א א אא א א א ، א

K אאא

אאאאאאאאK

אא40 J50٪א،א600אא،אאא

אאאאא،אאאאK


- 72 -

2 J אאאW

JאאאאStriated Muscle

א،א א،אא

א،אאK א א א ، אא

א א א א א א אאK

،אא،אKאאא،אאא

אא א، א א אא א ،א ، א א א ، א

אאאאK א ، א א

، א א א א א אאאאK

אאאאא،אאאאF2 J13EאאאFאKE

אאא75 ٪Water،20 ٪Protein،3٪Fat،1٪א،1K٪


- 73 -

אF28EאאאFאE

JאאאאSmooth Muscle

אאאאאא،אאאאאאאאאא،אא،אאאא

אאאא،אאא،אא ، א א، א א

Kאאאאאא

JאCardiac Muscle

،אאאאא

،אאF28EאK

JאאאW


- 74 -

אאאא1 J5040 J50FK0.001אאKEאא

אאFאEאא Jאא JאSarcoplasem אא،F

אEאאK א א Glycogen ، א

אMyoglobin אאאאK א א Myosin אActuinא

Tropomyosin אTroponin אא א א،א،K

אF29E

אאאאאאאא אא א א W אSodium ،א Potassium ،

אאאאאK


- 75 -

אאאSodium אאא2 J7א،Potassiumאא20 J50

K אא א א א

אאאאאאאK

א א א Kאאא אא ، א א א א א א א

אאאאK א א א א א א אאא 30

א א א א א ، ،אאאK

אF30Eאא


- 76 -

אא

1Eאאא؟אאא؟

2EאאאאK

3E،אאא؟אאא

4E؟؟אאאא

אאאא

אאאאJJ11

א

א

4

א אא J1 אאא 120 אא

-77 -

אאWאא

אאWאאא

אאW אאאW

1 J אא 2 J אא 3 J אא

אאW6

אאW

אאאK


-78 -

אאא אאאFאאE

The Skeleton

1 JW

א א א 206א א א א אאK

אאW J

1 JאאאAxial Skeleton

،אא،אא،אאK 2 JאאאAppendiculan Skeleton

אאאאאאK

אF31E


-79 -

2 Jאא 1 JאאK 2 JאאK 3 JאאאאאK 4 JאאאK 5 Jאא،אא

אK 6 JאאאאK 7 JאאאK

3 JאאTypes OF Bones

אאא20٪،30 J40٪،א40 J50٪אK

Wא

אOsseous ( bony)

tissueאאאאKאא FOsteocytes ( bone cells א ،

אK א،א،אאא

א ، א א ،אאאאאא،א

אאKאאאאאאאOssificatien bone

fomation )K אאOsteoblastsאאא،


-80 -

א א א K א א א א א K א

FEFEאאאאאאאא،אאא

א Jא K،אאאא

אK אא א א

אאא،Kאאא א אאParathyroid glandאא

א K א א א Fא א E אאאK

Wאאא

1 JאאLong bonesW

אאא،אא،K

،K E אW א א א

א א א א א א א אFאאKE

EאאאאWאאאאאאאאK


-81 -

2 JאאShort BonesW א א א ، א א

אאK 3 JאאFlat bonesW

אאאאאאאאאK

4 JאאאאאIrregular & Sesamiod BonesW

אאא אא אא،אאאאאK

אF32EאאאKאF33EאאאK

אF32E


-82 -

אF33Eאאא

1 JאF،אא 2 J 3 Jאאא،א 4 Jא 5 J، 6 J 7 J


-83 -

אאא 1 J؟אאאא

2 J؟אא

3 JאאW J

E602،E1206K E206،E2206K

4 J؟אאאא

5 JאאאאאW J

EאK EאK EאאאK Eאאא

- 84 -

אא

אאאאJJ11

א

5


- 84 -

אאWא

אאWאאאאאא

אאW אאאW

1 J א 2 J א

3 J א

4 J א

5 J א

6 J אא

אאW8

אאW

אאאK


- 85 -

אא א

The Blood

W

אא אאאא،אאאא،אא

א א א א، א א א אא א

אאאאא،אאאאאאא،K

אא70L7٪אFא5.6א70Eאא،אא

אK

אW אא45٪א

א55٪


- 86 -

אF34E

אF35E


- 87 -

אBlood Plasma

אא90א٪אאאאאאאאW

1EאWאאאK

JאW

אאאא אאK

JאW

אאאאאאאאאK

JאW

אאK

2Eאאאאאאאא

אאK 3EFאאWE

א،אאאאPH FאEא،PH = 7.4 K

א אא אא א אא אא אא א א אאאאאK


- 88 -

4EאאאאאK 5EאאAntibodeis

א א א א אאאאאK

6EאאW אאאK

7EK

אBlood Cells

אW

Eאאא Red Blood CellsW

א א א א7،אאאאאא،

א א KKאאאא

א F EHaemoglobin ، א א אאאא،אא

، אא א א א אא א אאאאאאאא

אKאאאאא5 J5.5،אא4.5 J5א

K א א אאK


- 89 -

א אא אאאאאאאא

אF36E

אאאW

אאאאאאאאאא א ، אאא א ،

F120 Eא א א א ،א،0אא

אאאא،אאאאאאאאא

אאאK

אF37E


- 90 -

אאאאאW

1EאK 2EאאאK

3EאאB12אאאאK

4EאאאאאK

אאאW

، א א א אא א אאאאאאK

Eאא White Blood Cells

א אא א א א אאאא אא א

א א ، אא א א ،אאאא7500 J8000،אא

אאא،אאאאאאאאא

א K אKאא،

אאאK


- 91 -

אאW EאאאWאאאא

Kא א א אאKאW

JאFEאאאאאKאאאאF3 J5E

KאאאK

JאאFEאאא אאא Sא א

אאאKאאאאK

- א א Fא E א א

אאאKאא2 J3KאKאאאא

EאאאWאאאאKאאאאKאאאא

WאKאאאא

JאאאאWא אא،אאאא

א،אאאאאW 1 JNeutrophils 2 JEosinophils 3 JBasophils


- 92 -

אאאא 4 JLymphocytes 5 JMonocyte

Kאאאאא

א א א א א א ،אאאא،אא

אא،אאאאא א א א

אאאאאאK

אF38E


- 93 -

EאאPlatelets

א K אא K א K

Kאא K אאK

W

1 J אאאאK

2 J א א א K אאK

אאא W150000 J400000אא א א1 J20אא،א

אK

אאW

אא א א א א א

אאKאאאאKאאאאאKאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאW

1Eאא،אאאאאאK


- 94 -

2E،אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאK

3EאאאאאאאK

4EאאאאK

5EאאאK

6Eאאאא JאK

7EאאאאאאאאאK

8EאאאאאאאאאאאK

9 E א א א א א א אKאK


- 95 -

אBlood Groups

א،אאאAntigenאאאאאantibodies אK

אאאאאאאאW J

1 JאA אab K 2 Jא Bאb a K 3 JאAB אab K 4 JאO אa , bK

א אאF(BLOOD TRANSFUSION)אאאאאאאא،

אאאאאאא،אאאאאאאא

א b א א b א אא אאאאאKאאאא

אאאאCross Matching KאABאא ، אO אא

אאאאW


- 96 -

אEHFאאF JEאK

אאW J

אO אאK אA אA , AB K א BאB , AB K אABאAB K

אABאאK אO אO K אAאA , O K אBאB , OK

אW

אאאאאאאאאאאא،א

אK

א א . O A B AB

AB - - - - O - + + + A - - + + B - + - +


- 97 -

א א א א א ،אאאאאא

אThrombokinase אא،Prothrombinאא،FE،K

אאאאThrombin אא،אא

אFibrin ،אאאא א א ، אא א א

א،אאאאW J

1 J א א א א א אK

2 JאאאאK 3 Jאאאא 4 JאאאאאאK 5 Jאאא،אאאK

אאאאאא א א א ، א Heparin א

KאאאאאאK


- 98 -

אאW 1 JאANAEMIAS

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאK

א،אא،אאא אאאאא،،א

אאאאאאאK

א א Macrcytes א ، Microcytes،אאאNarmocytes אא،

אאאאאאK

אF39E


- 99 -

אאאאW J JאאK JאK JאאK JאאאK

JאK JאK

א א א א א אאK

2 JאאPolyCythaemia ،אא אאא א

،אא،אאאאאK

אאאאאאא א א א ، א

אאאאאא ،אאאאאאK

אאאאאW

JאאK Jא،א،אאאאK JאאאאאK


- 100 -

3 JאאאLeukemia

א ، א אא א א אא אאא،אא א

אKא،א א א אא א א א

אא،KאאאאאKKKא

אאאChemotherapy א،אRadiotherapy אא،K

4 JאHaemophilia אאא،אאאא

אאK

אא،אאאאאאאאאKFE

אK

אאאא،אאאא،אאאאא،

אאאאאא،אאK

אאאאאK


- 101 -

אא

1 JאאאאאW E7،E5K E7،E4K

2 JאאאאאW

E،אאE،אאאEאאK 3 Jאא؟

4 J؟אאאא

5 J؟אאאאא

6 Jא؟א

7 Jאאאאא؟אאא

8 Jאo אאW

Jo ، JAK JB ، JאאK

9 J؟אאא


- 102 -

10 J؟א 11 J؟אאאאא 12 Jאאאא؟אאא

- 103 -

אאאא

אאאאJJ11

א

א

6


- 104 -

אאWאא

אאWאאאאאא

אאW אאאW

1 J אא 2 J אאא 3 J א

4 J אא

אאW8

אאW אאא


- 105 -

אא אא

Circulatory System

W

אא אאאאא ،אאFVascular SystemEאא،אאFBlood

SystemEאא،אאאאאאאאא ،אאא א

אאאאK

אאW

WאאאThe Blood Circulatory System

אאאאFאאאEK

WאאThe Lymphatic System

Wאא–אא–אK

אHeart אאKאאFE

א א ، א א 230 ، א א א א 300،אא א א א א K

אFאאאאKE


- 106 -

אא ، ،אאKאאא

אאאKאאאא،אא K א א אא K

א Kאא אאאאאKאא

אאאאאK

אW

אא،א א،right and left atria א א א א

אאאאK right and left ventricales א א Kא

אאtricuspid valveK א אא bicuspid א א mitral valve

א א א א אאK


- 107 -

אF40E

אאאFאאEאאאאאאFאאאא

אאאאאאאאF40EK

אאאאאאאאאאאאאKאאא

א F א אא ?א K Eא אא אאאאאFאאאE

KאאאאאאאK אא אאא K

semilunar א א א אאאאאKאא

א א א K אאאאאK

אא א א ، אא א


- 108 -

אK אא א א א א

אאאK

אF41Eא אWא،W 1 J ،אאאאK 2 J ،אאא

אאK

אא אאא،א אאא א א K א א א


- 109 -

א،אאKאאאאאKאאא

אאאK

אPulse Rate - (Heart Rate)

אאאאאאאאאsinoatrial nodeאא

אpace maker אא،אא א Kאא א אאא א

אאאאKאאאאאאatroioventricular nodeאאא

אאאKאאאאאאאatrioventricular bundleאbundle of His אK

א אא אpurkinje

systemKאאאFאEאאאאpulseאF42EKא

אאאאאאאKאאKאאאאאאאאא

70 J80Kאא100 J115Kאא7500אKאאא

א ، א א ، א א אאאאאKאא

אאאאאאאאאאKאאFCardiac


- 110 -

Output Eאאאא70אאK

אF42E

אאא

א אא א א א א אא אא א א אא א אאא؛ Kא

אאאאFאאאאאEאאKאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאKאאא א Kאא

אאK א،אאא א א א א א ،

אאאאאאאאאאאאא


- 111 -

אK

אF43E

א אא א אא אאאK אאאאאא،אאאא

אאאאאאאאKאאאאא

אאאאK אאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

א א א אא א אאאאאאאK


- 112 -

אF44E

א א א א א א א א ،אאאאאא

אאאאאאאK אאאאאא

אאאאאאK


- 113 -

W

E א א א ، א א א אאFא KEאא

אאאאאKאאאאאאאאאאאK

E א א א א א א א א א א א אאא א

FאEאאא؛אאאאאא؛אFא

אEאאא،אאאאאאK

אאאW אאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאא א א א א א א

אאאאאאאאאאאא

אאKאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

א אאא א א אאא


- 114 -

אאאW א א אK א אאא

8אKאאאאאאFא KE؛א א אאאאא

אאאא

אאKאאאאאאאKאאאא10 J15

5Z6אK

אאWBlood Vessels

אאאאאאא،אאאאK

אW J

EאFArteryE

א א א א א א א א אאK

אאW 1 JK 2 Jאאא

אא،אאK

3 JאK


- 115 -

אF45E

א א א א א א

אאאאאאא،אאאאאאאאאKא

א ،א אאאאאאא א אאאאK

א א אא א ، א א א אאאאאאאא

،אאאF45E??K JאVein

אאאאאאאאאKאאא .


- 116 -

אF46E

אאאאאא Kאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאKא א א א א א

אF44Eאאאאא،Kאאאא אF43E Kאא

אאאאאאK

אא،א א א א אאאאאאא،אאא

אאאK


- 117 -

אF47EFאאE JאאאFCapillariesE

אאאאאאarterioles אvenulesK؛אאאאאא

אאאא אא א א ،אא א א אאאא א א א

אאאאאK


- 118 -

אF48E

אאW אאאאאFאאKE

אאאאאאKאאאאאא

אK א א א א א א K א

אאKאאא6080אKא74אאאאא0.8א

W J


- 119 -

Eא0.1אאK Eא0.3אאK Eאא0.4אאK

אאKאאאSystolic Soundאאאאא

אאאא Sound DiastolicאאאאאK

אאאW

אא אא

אא אא אאא، אאאאאK

אא א א א א Kאא אא א א א

FECGEElectro cardio gram אא،FECGEא T , S , R , Q , P ،F49E

אF49E


- 120 -

אPא،אאאQ R SאאאAV nodeאAV bundlePurkingeא

א אTאאאאא ، א א

אאאאK

אאאW EאW

אאאKאאאאKאאאאKאא

אאאאאאKאאאאFא

אאאE א א א א א א א א א

א א א Systolic Pressureא א א ،120FEא אא א א א א א،

אDiastolic Pressureאאא،80FEאא א א א א א א

אאאא،אKאאאK

א Sphygmomanometer ،

א


- 121 -

אאאאאאאאא אאאא א

אאאאאאאאאאאא100א J120K

א א א אא Stethoscopeאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאא60 J80K

א

120אא 80אא


- 122 -

א א א ، א א א אאאאאW J

1 JאאCardiac Output

אאאFאאאEK

אאZאCא

2 JאWאאK 3 JאאK 4 JאאאK 5 JאאאאK

JאאאאW 1 JאאArterio Sclerosis

אא א אא אאאKאא،אאאאא

אאאאאאאK 2 Jאא

א א א אא אא ،אאאאאאאא

אאאאK


- 123 -

3 JאאHypertension אאא،אא

אK 4 JאאHypotension

א אא א א אאאאא،אK

5 JאאAneurysms

אאא،K 6 JאאVaricose Veins

אאא א אאאאK

7 JאאCardiac Failure

א א א א א א،אאK

8 JאאCardiac Arrhythmia

אאאK


- 124 -

Wאא

א א א Kא אאKאאא

אאאKאא אאאא אא אאאא

אK א א אא א א א

אאאK אאאאאאאאא

אKאאאאאאאאKאאאאאאאא

FLymphKE ،א،אאא

אאK א K א א א א א

א Kאא אא א א א א אאא א א א א

אאאאאאKאאאאאאאK

،א،אאאאאא

אאאK אאאאאאאא،א

אK אאאאא


- 125 -

אאאאאאאKאאאאFאEאאאא

אKF47KE אאאK

אF50E

אא א ، א א א א

אאאאאK אאאא،אאא،א،

אאאא אאאאאאFאEK

אאW

אאאאאאאאאFאKE

אאF50EK


- 126 -

אF51E

1EאSpleen

א אאא180אKאאאאא

אאא א א א א אא א אא אא א Fא4L1 א K E

אאאאאאאK


- 127 -

אאW 1 Jאאאא؛אאא

אאK 2 Jאאאאא

אאאאK 3 JאאאאאאאאK

4 J ، א אא א

א، אאא ،אK 5 JאאאאK

6 JאאאK

א אא אא K א

א א א אF א Eא K אאאאאאאK

2EאW

אאאאאKאK


- 128 -

3EאאW אאlymph nodeאK

א א א K א אאKאאאא

אאK

אF52E


- 129 -

4Eאאאא אאthymus glandאאא

אאאאKאאאאאאא

א K א א א אאK

אF53E


- 130 -

אא

1 Jאאאא؟

2 J؟אאאא

3 J؟אאאאאא

4 J؟אאאאאאאא

5 Jאאאא؟

6 J؟אאאאא

7 J؟אאאא

8 J؟אאא

9 J؟אאאאאא

10 Jאא؟אאאא؟אאא

11 J؟אאאא

12 J؟אאא

13 J؟אאא

- 131 -

אאאא

אאאאJJ11

א

א

7


- 131 -

אאWאא

אאWאאא

אאW

אאאW 5 J אאא 6 J אאאא 7 J אאא

8 J

אאW6

אאWאאא


- 132 -

אא אא

The Nervous System

W

אאאאא؛אאאא

אאאאאאאאא א א א K א א

אאאאאאKאאאאK،א،אאאא

אא،אאא،אאאא

אאאאאא א א א א א ، א א א

אא،אאאאא א א א א א א

אאאא،אאאאאאאK


- 133 -

אאW 1 JאאאWאאאFאKE 2 JאאאW

E31אאאאאK E12אאאאK EאאאאאאאאK

אאאF51E

אF54E


- 134 -

אF54E

WאאאThe Central Nervous System

EאBrainW אאKא א Kא

1400אKאאאאאאאmeningesאאא؛K

،אאאאאF55KE


- 135 -

אF55E 1–אcerebrum

א אאא א א א א א א ، א א

אאF56KE


- 136 -

אF56E

א א א א אא א א אאאF57Eאאא،K


- 137 -

אF57E

אא אאא אאאאאK،

א א א א א א א FאאEאאאאאאא،אאFאאE،FאאEאK

אא،אאאאאאאאאאא،אאאאK

אאא ،אאא،אאאאאאK

2 JאCerebellum

אאא،אאא،אאאאאאאאא،א

אאאKאאאאא


- 138 -

אאK 3 Jאאem Brain St

אאא،אאאאא

אאFאאאא א א א E א א א ،א א א

אאאאאאK

JאאFאאESpinal Cord א א א 45 אאא

א א א א א א אאאא31אK

א،אאאא،א،אאאאאא،K

אאFאEאFאEK

، א א א א א א א א א K א א

א،אאאאאאK


- 139 -

WאאאThe Peripheral Nervous System

EאאW

31 אאאאאאאK

אאW

1 JאאאאאK 2 JאאאאאK 3 JאאאאאK 4 JאאאאאK 5 JאאאאאK

JאאW12א

אאאאאאאאאאא

K

אאW 1 JאאאWאאFKE 2 JאאאWאאFKE 3 JאאאWאאאFE 4 JאאאאWאאאאאFKE


- 140 -

5 JאאאWאאא אאFEאK

6 JאאאWאאFKE 7 JאאאWא א

אFKE 8 JאאאWאאאאאFKE 9 JאאאWאאאא

FKE 10 JאאאWאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאFE0

11 JאאאWאאאאאFEאאK

12 JאאאWאאFKE


- 141 -

אF58E

Jאאאא א א א א אא ،אא

אא،אא אאאא،א א

א א Wא אא א אאאאאאאאאא،א

אאK אאאא،אאא

אאאאאK אאאא،אאאאא


- 142 -

אאאא،אא אא א א א א

אאאאK

Wאא א א אא

אאW 1 JאאאאאK 2 Jאאאאאאא،אא

אאK 3 Jאאאאאא

אאK 4 JאאאאאK 5 JאאאאאאאאK 6 Jאאאאאאא אא

אK 7 JאאאאK 8 JאאאK 9 JאאאאאאK

10 JאאאאאאK 11 JאאאאאאאK

א א א א א א K


- 143 -

Wאאא אאW

1 JאאאאאK 2 JאאאאאאאK 3 JאאאאאK 4 JאאאK 5 JאאאאK 6 JאאK 7 JאאאאאאK 8 JאאאאאאאK 9 JאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאK

אאReflex Action

אאאאאאK ،אאאאאאא

אא،אאW א אא א، א

، א א Kא א א،אאאאאא

אאK אאאFReflex ArcKE


- 144 -

אF59EאאK

אReflex Arc אW

1 Jאא،אK 2 J א א א אאא א א א

אK 3 Jא אא א א א אא

אK 4 J א א א א א א א

אא،אK 5 JאאאK

،אאאא،אאאא

אא ، א א א، א א


- 145 -

א،אK

אF60E


- 146 -

אא 1 J؟אאאאאאא

2 JW،א،א؟אא

3 J؟؟אא

4 JאאאאW

Jא Jאא Jאא 5 Jאא؟אא

6 JאאאW

Jאא Jאא JאאK

7 J؟אאא؟אאאא

8 J؟אא؟אאאא

9 J؟אא

10 J؟א

א אא J1 120

אא

אאא

1 Jאאא،אאאא، Jאאא 2 Jא،Kאאא،א J؛א 3 Jא،KKא،א J؛א 4 Jאא،Kא،א J

5- Anatomy and Physiology in health and illness , Kathleen J. W. Churchill Livingstone , Edinburgh , London , Melbourne and New york 1987 , Sixth

Edition . 6- The Language of Medicine , Davi-Ellen Chabnaer , W. B Saunders

Company , Third Edition . 7- Medical Terminology , Barbara J. Cohen , J. B. Lippincott Company .

8- Physiology and Anatomy , Chemical Engineering Institutes , Scientific Enterprises , Inc.

9- Handbook of Electromedicine , Johannes Patzold - Heinz Kresse , Siemens , John Wiley & Sons .

10- Physiology of Respiration work book by Siemens

א אא J1 120

א

א

א א Jאא Jאא 4

4 אא 8

אFאאE 9 א 14

א 16 אא 17

Jאא Jא 21 אאא 21

א א

א

23 25 27

אאאאא 41 אא

אא 44

אא Jא 51 אא 51 א،אא 57 א،אא 63

אא 64 Jאאא Jאא 73

73 אא 73

א אא J1 120

א

אא 74 אאא 77

אא Jא 78 א 79

א 81 א 85

א 87 א 88

אא 89 אא 93

א א Jאא Jאא 94

94 אא 95

א 97 אאא 98 א 102 אא 103

אאא 107 אאא 108 א 109 אאאא 111 אא 112

א 114

א אא J1 120

א

אא 117 Jאא Jאא 118 120

אאא 121 אאא 124 אא 127 אאא 128

אא 129 א 130

אא 131

التشريح ووظائف الأعضاء 1

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