1

DNA 1.

Griffith (1928) (Diplococcus pneumoniae) ( )

( )

( )2.

Avery, MacLeod, McCarty (1944, in vitro)

3.

Hershey & Chase (1952) DNA

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1

: DNA . DNA (, ..). () DNA () DNA . , DNA . DNA ( )

D=, A=, T=, C=, G= 2

1

DNA {1 = 1 () + 1 +1 (A T C G)} 3 - 5 3 1 5 . A +T A= T C = G , G + C = 1953 DNA 2 - (A T , C G). , 2 DNA 5 3 (3 5 )

DNA o . DNA (RNA RNA-) , o . . o . . ( ). 1 (, ) . 2 ( ) . . (.. DNA: 10000 , RNA: 5000 )

3

1

1mm. 1m. 1 ( ) , DNA ( 1-2% DNA). . . . . , . DNA 2 m 10m . , DNA 146 (2 ) 8 () .

4

1

, , . 2 , . . , . 2 , , 1 2 . ( , , ) . - 9 3 10 23 . , in vitro . . . . 2 , (q) (p). , . . (.. 1 ), (.. 13) (.. 4). 5

1

, 23 , . 22 23 . 23 , . , .

- DNA ( ) . DNA . . DNA . 2-10 DNA. . ( ) DNA DNA. DNA RNA. DNA , , RNA- RNA ( ) .

6