第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

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16 16 第第第第 第第第第 第第第第第 第第第第第 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

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Page 1: 第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

第第 1616 章 抗癫痫章 抗癫痫药药

和抗惊厥药和抗惊厥药Antiepileptics &

anticonvulsive drugs

Page 2: 第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

§1 antiepileptic drugs

㈠ Epilepsy 癫痫 1 、 chronic CNS disorders ;

1 ) cerebral focus nerve cell 2 ) sudden 、 abnormity 、 rapid high frequency local discharge 3 ) around diffuse 4 ) cerebral function disorders 。

introduction

Page 3: 第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

Causes of epilepsy

Damage to the brain : 1 ) tumours 、 2 ) head injury 、 3 ) infection 、 4 ) cerebrovascular accident ;

Page 4: 第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

2 、 Character of paroxysm

1) abrupt onset ① staring (目瞪) ② cessation of ongoing activities ③ lasting less than 30 sec

2 ) transient 、 3 ) repeat ;

Page 5: 第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

Classification of epileptic1 、 Partial seizures : 1 )、 simple partial— key feature : preservation of consciousness ; 2 )、 complex partial— impaired consciousness lasting 30sc—2min 。

Page 6: 第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

2 、 generalized seizures : 1 ) absence seizures (peptit-mal ): 2 )myoclonic seizures : a brief shock like contraction of muscle ;3 ) tonic –clonic seizures : ( grand-mal epilepsy )

Page 7: 第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

§1 antiepileptic drugs 一、 manner of action : 1 、 ㈠ local discharge 2 、 around diffuse.

二、 mechanism of action 1 、 function of GABA 2 、 interfere Na+ 、 K+ 、 Ca2+

channel

Page 8: 第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

usual drugsphenytoin sodium (苯妥英钠、大仑丁, dilantin )

[ pharmacokinetics ] 1 、 PO.—absorption somewhat slow , F—difference obvious ; 2 、 stimulation , not suitable IM 3 、 extensively bound to serum protein ;

Page 9: 第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

3 、 elimination velocity with blood concentration correlation

10g/ml: first-order elimination

kinetics , t½ 6-24 h

10g/ml: zero-order elimination

kinetics , t½ 20-60 h

Page 10: 第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

[actions and uses]

1. epilepsy 1) Generalized tonic –clonic; partial seizure (first choice ) 2) absence seizures inefficacy ; 2.trigeminal and related neuralgias

3. arrhythmia (related to digitalis intoxication)

Page 11: 第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

[ adverse reactions ]

1.local stimulation (PH 2.chronic toxico ⑴ overgrown of gum collagen (in children and young) ⑵ CNS depression ; ⑶ a variety of endocrine ;

Page 12: 第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

3. other 1) hypersensitivity reaction ;

2) cardiac toxicity: iv-excessive rate;

3) fatal hepatic necrosis;

4) blood system :

reduce immunoglobulin

neutropenial folacin

Page 13: 第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

carbamazepine

卡马西平 ( 酰胺咪嗪 )[characteristics ]1 、㈠ Na+channel ,㈠ focus discharge ;2 、 generalized tonic clonic and

simple ---

first choice

neuralgia > phenytoin sodium ;

Page 14: 第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

3 、 po-- absorb slowly , induce hepatic enzyme ,4 、 adverse reaction

1 ) acute intoxication : stupor 、 coma

hyperirritability 、 convulsion respiratory depression 2 ) serious intoxication : ㈠ marrow , hepatic damage 。

Page 15: 第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

other usual drugs

药 名 character

苯巴比妥 ㈠ discharge and diffuses ,

Phenobarbital use : epilepsy

absence seizures efficacy乙琥胺

Ethosuximide

丙戊酸钠 widely anti epilepsy

Sodium valproate ㈠ Na+channel , GABA of CNS

Page 16: 第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

Clinic choice drugs principles

1 、 types of epilepsy ;2 、 long term

administration ;3 、 individual of dose ;4 、 not sudden stop ;3 、 note : adverse reaction and drug interration

Page 17: 第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

§2 anticonvulsantsmagnesium sulfate (硫酸镁) 1 、 Mg2+-Ca2+ competitive , 2 、 use : PO-catharsis im-anticonvulsion ; iv--BP 3 、 adverse reaction : ㈠ CNS、 ㈠ respiratory 、  

administration slowly overdose : iv.Ca2+。

Page 18: 第 16 章 抗癫痫药 和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptics & anticonvulsive drugs

   question

1 、 describe the choice agents of epilepsy ?

2、 which drugs prossess action anticonvulsion ?