(Tulsdsa) Bhakti *

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22 18

.

. ()

.

,

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Tulsi ()

. ()

. 1523 1527

, 1623 , 157

4 .1) 2) R

amacaritamanas () Rvaa

. Rvaa Laka

. Rvaa (),

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, () .

() ()

3) Veda Pura()

.4)

,

1) Love of God and Social Duty in the Ramacaritamanas, pp. 7-9.

2) Humayun (1523-1556), Akbar

(1556-1605) Jahangir (1605-1628)

.

3) RCM .183

barani na ji anti ghora niscara jo karah,

hs para ati prti tinha ke ppani kavani miti.

4) ibid., .182-chanda

(Tulsdsa) Bhakti 23

,

.5) (

Brahm Jna)

.6) 300

()

. Kavitaval (dna), (day),

(yaja) (karma) Artha()

,

.7) Rvaa ()

.

Rma

() .8)

(), () ()

( Bhakti-mrga) ()

. (bh

akti-mrga) , ()

.

() Rma

Rma . ()

Rma ()

Sarju()(Ayodhya ) ,

,

Kali (=)

.9) Sarju

5) ibid., .183.1-2

6) ibid., .99.ka

7) K . 87.

8) VP 173.5.

9) RCM . 38.6-7

24 18

.

Tusidas ,

( Dharma), ( Artha), ( Kma) ( Moka)

Rma (), Sta Rma

, .10)

(bhakti) Rma

, , , , ,

()

.11) , ()

,

. , , ,

, Rma .12)

(), (), () ()

, Dharma(), Artha(),

Kma() Moka( ) ,

.

Rma Viu ()

().

, , , Rm

a .13)

cal subhaga kabit sarita so, rma bimala jasa bharit so.

saraj nma sumagala mla, loka beda mata mjula kla.(6)

nad punta sumnasa nanddini, kali mala tna taru mla nikandini.(7)

10) RCM .204

artha na dharma na kma ruci gatina cah nirabna,

janama janama rati rma pada yaha baradnu na na.

11) RCM .38.2

krodha manoja loma mada my, chuah sakala rma k~ dy.

so nara indrajla nah bhl, jpara hoi so naa anukl.

12) ibid., .61.1

milah na raghupati binu anurg, ki joga tapa gyna birg.

uttara disi sundara giri nl, tah raha kkabhusui susl.

(Tulsdsa) Bhakti 25

.

()

. Karma(), Jna() Bhakti() 3

. ()

,

, () . Jn

a Bhakti , , (),

() . Sakh

ya-yoga ankara Vednta (jna)

Vaishnava ( bhakti)

.

.14)

Ramacaritamanas

. .

. Karma( )

Karma k()

.

. Karma Mnasika k

13) ibid., .114.34

tava prasda prabhu mama ura mrh~, sasaya soka moha bhrama

nh~.(3)

sune punta rma guna grm, tumhar kp~ lahe birm.(4)

14) ibid., .100.k

bhae barana sakara kali bhinnasetu saba loga,

karal ppa pvah dukha bhaya ruja soka biyoga.

26 18

arma( ), Vcika karma( ) Kyika karma

( ) . Karma

, .

Karma ( Prajpati)

,15)

() .16) Karma()

. Gta Karma, Vikarma Akarma

(karma),

(vikarma)

(akarma) .17)

,

, .18)

(

) Vaiva ( bhakti)

.

Karma ,

fms Karma

.19)

,

15) Rh. Up. .5.21.

16) ibid., .4.5.

17) Bhg .17.

karmao hy api boddhavya boddhavya ca vikrama,

akramaa ca boddhavya gahan karmao gati.

18) ibid., .21.

te ta bhuktv svargaloka vila ke puye martyaloka vianti,

eva traydharmam anuprapann gatgata kmakm labhante.

19) RCM. .218.2.

jadyapi sama nah rgana rou, gahah na ppa pnu guna dou.

karma pradhna bisva kari rkh, jo jasa karai so tasa phalu ckh.

(Tulsdsa) Bhakti 27

().20) Rma (),

()

. Veda .21)

Kodo( )

.22)

23)

( stkaryavda) .

Tulsi Karma ()

, Rma . ,

, , ,

Rma ,

.24)

Karma

.

20) ibid., . 91.3-4.

joga biyoga bhoga bhala mand, hita anahita madhyama bhrama

phand, janasu maranu jah lagi jaga jl, sampati bipati karamu aru

kl. (3)

dharani dhanu dhanu pura parivr, saragu naraku jah lagi byavaharu.

clekhia sunia gunia mana mh~, moha mla paramrathu nh~. (4)

21) ibid., . 76.3-4.

suni saneha basa uhi naranh~, baihre raghupati gahi bh~.

sunahu tta tumha kah muni kahah~, rmu carcara nyaka ahah~.(3)

suma aru asuma karma anuhr, su dei phalu hday bicr.

karai jo karma pva phala so, nigama nti asi kaha sabu ko.(4)

22) ibid., . 260.2.

mtu mandi mi sdhu sucl, ura asa nata koi kucl.

phai ki kodava bli susl, mukat prasava ki sambuka kl.

23) ibid., . 179.

krana t kraji kahino hoi dosu nah mora,

kulisa asthi t upala t loha karla kahora.

24) ibid., . 194.3.

gyna-birga, joga-japa, tapa-makha, jaga muda-maga nah thore,

rma-prema binu nema jya jaise mga-jala-jaladhi-hilore.

28 18

Karma ,

Karma .

Rma ()

Tulsidas .25) Rma Bharata( )

( Yama) ,

Rma

, () Karma , (),

Rma

.26) Tulsi ( karma-dharma)

Karma .

. Jna()

akara () Jna()

Jn

a .

( para jna) ( apara-jna)

. , , Yajur-ve

da, Sma-veda, Atharva-veda, (), , ,

25) K. . 48.

japa, joga, birga, maha makha-sdhana, dna, day, dama koi karai.

muni, siddha, suresa, ganesa, mahesa se sevata janma aneka marai

nigamgama, jna prana palhai, tapasnala m juga-pja jarai. mana

s pana ropi kahai tulas raghuntha bin dukha kauna.

26) RCM. . 40.3-4.

klarpa tinha kah ma bhrt, suma aru asuma karma phala dt.

asa bicri je parama sayne, bhajah mohi ssta dukha jne.(3)

tygah karma sumsuma dyaka, bhajah mohi sura nara muni nyaka.

santa asantanha ke guna bhe, te na parah bhava jinha rkhe(4)

(Tulsdsa) Bhakti 29

, , ()

() .

Nrada

,

.27) () .

( Jna) ()

()

.

jna vijna .28) Jna

() , Vijna

.29)

, , , ()

.30) Rma

.31) (jn)

, Vjn

.32) Jna ()

27) T.M.P. Mahadevan, Outlines of Hinduism, pp. 94-95.

28) RCM . 84.4.

bhagati gyna bigyna birg, joga caritra rahasya bibhg.

jnaba ta sabah kara bhed, mama prasda nah sdhana khed.

29) Tulsdarana p. 534.

30) RCM . 14.4.

gyna mna jah ekau nah~, dekha brahma samna saba nah~.

kahia tta so parama birag, tna sama siddhi tni guna tyg.

31) ibid., . 71.2.

soi saccidnada ghana rm, aja bigyna rpa bala dhm.

bypaka bypa akhaa anant, akhila amoghasakti bhagavant

32) ibid., 85.3-4.

tinha mah dvija dvija mah rutidhr, tinha mah nigama dharma

anusr.(3)

tinha mah priya birakta puni gyn, gynihu te ati priya bigyni.

tinha te puni mohi priya nij ds, jehi gati mori na dsari s.(4)

30 18

(virga) 33), Vijna (samat)

.34) ()

. Vjna

. () (te jn

a mukti) () Jna

.

Jna , ()

.35) ()

( jna-mrga)

. Jna , () my

(vidy-my) (avidy-my) my

. Avidy my , ,

Vidy my () (

Trigua ; sattva, rajas, tamas)

.36) My j

puni puni satya kaha tohi ph~, mohi sevaka sama priya kou nh~.

33) ibid., 7.89.ka.

binu guru hoi ki gyna gyna ki hoi birga bino,

gvah beda purna sukha ki lahia hari bhagati binu.

34) ibid., 89.2.

binu bigyna ki samta vai, kou avaksa ki nama binu pvai.

raddh bin dharma nah ho, binu mahi gandha ki pvai ko.

35) ibid., .44.2.

gyna agama pratyha anek, sdhana kahina na mana kah ek.

karata kaa bahu pvai ko, bhakti hna mohi priya nah sou.

36) ibid., .103.1-3.

nita juga dharma hoh saba kere, hdaya rma my ke pere. suddha

satva samat bigyn, kta prabhva prasanna mana jn.(1)

satva bahuta raja kachu rati karm, saba bidhi sukta tret kara dharm

bahu raja svalpa satva kachu tmasa, dvpara dharma haraa bhaya

mnasa.(2)

tmasa bahuta rajoguna thor, kali prabhva birodha cahu or. buddha

juga dharma jni mana mh, taji adharma rati dharma karh~.(3)

(Tulsdsa) Bhakti 31

na .

Mya ()

, () ,

,

.37)

(akhaa-jna)

. ,

Rma . ()

, ()

.38) My

(jva), ().

, () ( karma) ,

.

Jna My

. Rma , Jna

.39)

, Jna

. Rma

37) ibid., .118.1-2.

gyna pantha kpna kai dhr, parata khagesa hoi nah br.

jo nirbighna pantha nirbaha, so kaivalya parama pada laha.(1)

at durlabha kaivalyaparama pada, santa purna nigama agama bada.

rma bhajata so mukti gos~, anacchita vai bari~. (2)

38) . 77.2-3.

ntha ih~ kachu krana n, sunahu so svadhna harijn.

gyna akhaa eka stbara, my basya jva sacarcara. (2)

jau~ saba k raha gyna ekarasa, svara jvahi bheda kahahu kasa.(3)

39) RCM .276.3.

soha na rma pema binu gyn, karanadhra binu jimi jalajn.

muni bahubidhi bidehu samujhe, rma gha saba loga nahe.

32 18

,

.40)

. Bhakti()

() Bhakti()

.

Bhakti bhaj

kti ()

. Bhakti

. Bhakti

, ()

. (Vaidhi)

(rgtmika) ()

, Bhakti

Bhakti

.

,

.

() ()

Bhakti

() bhakti

. Kaha Up. vetvatara Up. a

40) RCM .88.3-4.

nija anubhava aba kaha khages, binu hari bhajana na jhh kales.

rma kp binu sunu khagara, jni na ji rma prabhut.(3)

jn binu na hoi paratt, binu paratt hoi nah prt.

prti bin nah bhagati dil, jimi khagapati jala kai cikan.(4)

(Tulsdsa) Bhakti 33

Up., Chandogya Up. Bhakti

.41) (

) ()

.

,

. ( trikya)

()

, ( trimrti)

.

, Avatra vda

,

vra() Bhakti

. (Viu) (Avatr

a) Bhakti -(Ka-Vsudeva)

. Panchartra Sahita Pura() AD 60

0-800

. Bhakti

() vr()42)

AD. 5 9 () . 12

Vaishnava

.

Alvar ,

. Acrya R

41) vet.Up. .23.

yasya deva par bhaktiryath deve tath gurau

42) ()

710 ,

.

34 18

manuja(11) Madhva(12)

Bhakti

. B

hakti Acrya

.43)

Bhakti

, . Bhakti

.

,

Bhakti

.

,

()

Bhakti .44)

(ravana), (manana),

(nididhysana) ()

. (j

na-ny) (jnamira)

. ,

,

(aparokajna)

(bhaktirppannam jnam).

(Vallabhcrya) .

(Vaidhnava) (ri Caitanya)

43) Mwln(1984) pp. 48-50.

44) Birth of Bhakti in Indian Reoigions and Art, p. 3.

(Tulsdsa) Bhakti 35

, ()

(svarpasiddh) .

(nirgua bhakti) ,

(Jna, karma, yoga)

(bhakti)

.45) Advaita Bhakti

.

Rma-bhakti (Pura) (Mahabharata

Harivaa)

Rma-bhakti

. (Klidsa)46) (Raghuvaa)

.

. (K

a) . (Bhagavad

ga) Rma-bhakti .

(

) Parama-Brhman ri Rma Gt

. Adhytma Rmaya47)

.48) (Adhytma R

45) Philosophy of Hindu Sadhana, p. 230.

46) (380-412) ,

Raghvaa . Kali ,

.

47)

. Brahmana

Pura A.D. 16c .

1608 Marathi ,

.

36 18

maya) Rma-Bhakti

, (1532-162

3 ) .

1.

. , , ,

, .49)

. ,

, ,

, (

) , , ,

,

,

, .50)

() 9 . ,

, ,

. ()

, (),

48) Birth of Bhakti in Indian Religions and Art, p. 42.

49) RCM 45.1.

kahahu bhagati patha kavana prays, joga na makha japa tapa upabs.

sarala subhvana mana kuil, jath lbha santoa sad.

50) Ibid. 45.3-4.

baira na bigraha sa na trs, sukhamaya thi sad saba s.

anrambha aniketa amn, anagha aroa daccha bigyn.(3)

prti sad sajjana ssarg, tna sama bixvarga apabarg.

bhagati paccha haha nah sahat, dua tarka saba duri bah.(4)

(Tulsdsa) Bhakti 37

,

,

. 9 ()

.

,

.51) Bhakti

. Bhakti (

)

.

.

9 ,

, ,

.52)

(pja)

,

. , 9

,

.

,

. Bhakti .

, ,

. () ,

51) Ibid. 34.4, 35.1-3.

52) Tulsdarana p. 157.

38 18

(), () ,

.

.53)

, , , ,

.54)

. ( jna) ( bhakti)

.55) ()

() . ,

() (soha na rma pema binu gyn).

Jna-bhakti , Karma

.

2.

,

, .

53) RCM 48.3-4, 49.

prema bhagati jala binu raghur, abhiantara mala kabah naj.(3)

soi sarbagya tagya soi pata, soi guna gha bigyna akhaita.

daccha sakala lacchana juta soi, jk pada saroja rati ho(4)

ntha eka bara mga rma kp kari dehu,

janma janma prabhu pada kamala kabah ghaai jani nehu.

54) Ibid. 129.1.

kma koha mada mna na moh, lobha na chobha na rga na broh.

jinha k kapaa dambha nah my, tinha k hdaya basahu raghury.

55) Ibid. 114.7.

bhagatihi gynahi nah kachu bhed, ubhaya harah bhava sambhva

khed.

ntha munsa kahah kachu antara, svadhna sou sunu bihagabara.

(Tulsdsa) Bhakti 39

. ,

(), () ,

.56)

(my) . ,

.

.57)

.58)

.

.

59) ,

, .

.

.

, ( bhakta)

. () ()

.60)

56) Ibid. 114.7-8.

gyna birga joga bigyn, e saba purua sunahu harijn.

purua pratpa prabala saba bh~t, abal abala sahaja jaa jt.

57) Ibid. 115. 2-3.

my bhagati sunahu tumha do, nri bga jnai saba ko.

puni raghubrahi bhagati piyr, my khalu nartak bicr.(2)

bhagatihi snukla raghury, tte tehi arapti ati my.

rma bhagati nirupama nirupdh, basai jsu ura sad abdh.(3)

58) Ibid. 115.ka.

purua tygi saka nrihi jo birakta mati dhra,

na tu km biaybasa bimukha jo pada raghubra.

59) Ibid. 117.gha.

ehi bidhi lesai dpa teja rsi bigynamaya,

jtah jsu sampa jarah maddika salabha saba.

60) Ibid. 85.2.5.

40 18

.61)

.

( karma-mrga) (

jna-mrga) ()

.

, ()

. ()

(nirgua brahman ) () (sagua br

ahman () .

.

, (Vaishn

ava) ()

(Nirgua Brahmavda) ( Myvda) ,

(Madhva) ( Dvaitavda)

. ()

( Vaidvaitavda)

. ,

mama my sambhava ssra, jvacarcara bibidhi prakr.

saba mama ptiya saba mama upaje, saba te adhika manuja mohi

bhe.(2)

bhagati hna birci kina hoi, saba jvahu sama priya mohi so.

bhagativanta ati ncau prn, mohi prnapriya asi mama bn.(5)

61) Ibid. 15.1.

dharma t biratijoga t gyn, gyna macchaprada beda bakhn.

jt begi dravau~ mai~ bh, so mama bhagati bhagata sukhad.

(Tulsdsa) Bhakti 41

. ()

()

.

, (Brahm)

, , .

(My-vidy)

. (Sagua

Brahm) ( Avatra)

(Nirgua Brahm) ( satya), ( J

va), ( jagata) ( vra)

( mitya). ( jna) ,

() .

, (Sagua)

. (Ka)

(Rm) , ()

, () (), ( Jagata)

. (Bhakti)

. ()

.

1.

,

, ( My) ( icch

akti). ,

.

, ,

.

, , () ,

42 18

.62)

, , ,

.63)

, , ()

,

, 64) . ()

, ,

(nirgua), (sagua),

, ,

.65)

()

()

, .66)

, ,

,

.67)

( Bhakta) ,

62) ibid., .22.1.

aguna saguna dui brahma sarp, akhtha agdha andi anp. mor

mata baa nmu duh t, kie jeh juga naja basa nija bt

63) ibid., .198.

bypaka brahma nirajana nirguna bigata binoda,

so aja prema bhagati basa kausaly ke goda.

64) ibid., .126. rma sarpa tumhra bacana agocara buddhipara, abigata

aktha apra neti neti nigama kaha.

65) ibid., .22.2.

eku drugata dekhia ek, pavaka sama juga brahma bibek.

66) ibid., .126.2.

soi jnai jehi dehu jana, jnata tumhahi tumhai hoi j.

67) ibid., .115.1-2. sagunahi agunahi nah kachu bhed, gvah muni

purna budha bed. aguna arpa alakha aja jo, bhagata prema vasa

saguna so ho. jo guna rahita saguna soi kais, jalu hibha upala bilaga

nah jais.

(Tulsdsa) Bhakti 43

.68)

(avidy-my) ,

() .69)

(vidy-my) (

) , . Vidy-m

y .70)

(Brahma-stra) akara-Bhya

() , - ()

, . ()

() .71)

()

.72)

()

.

() ,

() ,

. () ()(avidy-my) ,

()

68) ibid., .115.1.

aguna arpa alakha aja jo, bhagata prema vasa saguna so ho.

69) ibid. .71.

bypi raheu ssra mah my kaaka pracaa, senpati kmdi bhata

dambha kapa. so ds raghubra kai samujh mity sopi, cha na

rma krip binu ntha kaha pada ropi.

70) ibid.,.151.2. je suni sdara nara baabhg, bhava tarihah mamat

mada tyg. disakti jeh jaga upajy, sou avatarihi bhori yaha my.

71) Brahma-stra akarabhya .4.3. vidy tasy bjakterdht.

avidytmik hi bjaaktiravyaktbdanirdey pramevarray

mymay mahsupt.

72) RCM .13.3. bhmi parata bh dhbara pn, janu jvahi my

lapan.

44 18

.

(vra) , ,

, .73)

, .

.

3 ,

, .

, , , ,

. Jva ,

.74) (Rma)

, (Lakman)

, (St) (Vidy-my )

. () ,

,

.

(My ) .75) () ( kakti my)

,

.

.

.

.

,76) ( jva)

73) Tuls-darana Mms, pp. 347, 350.

74) RCM .116.1-2.

vara sa jva abins, cetana amala sahaja sukha rs.

so mybasa bhayau gos, bdhyo kra marakaa k n.

75) ibid., .122.1.

g rmu lakhanu bane pch, tpasa bea birjata kch.

ubhaya bca siya sohati kais, brahma jva bica my jais.

76) ibid., .7.1.

(Tulsdsa) Bhakti 45

.77)

,

.

.78)

.

(Madhva) , (Viu) (Lakmi)

, ,

, , , (

) , , , (

), , ,

.79) ,

, .

,

,

() .

2.

kara cri lkha caurs, jti jva jala thala nama bs.

sya rmamaya saba jaga jn, kara pranma jori juga pn.

77) ibid,. .16.3.

banda lachimana pada jalajt, stala subhaga bhagata sukha dt.

raghupati krati bimala patk, daa samna bhayau jk.

78) ibid., .77.3-4.

79) ibid., .125.ch..

ruti setu plaka rma tumha jagadsa my jnak,

jo srijati jagu plati harati rukha p kripnidhnak.

46 18

,

. ,

,

,

. (Bhagavadgt

) ()80) (Rmacari

tmnas) . ,

, , ,

.81)

.

()

.

.82) () ( jna)

() ( bhakti)

.

80) Bhg .4.7-8.

yad-yad hi dharmasya glnir bhavati bhrata, abhyutthnam

adharmasya tadtmnam sjamy aham.

paritrya sdhnam viya ca duktm, dharmasamsthpanrthsya

sambhavmi yuge yuge.

81) RCM .120.3-4.

jaba jaba hoi dharma kai hn, bhah asura adhama abhimn.

karah anti ji nah baran, sdah, bipra dhenu sura dharan.

taba taba prabhu dhari bibidha sarr, harah kripnidhi sajjana pr.

82) ibid., .126.1-2.

jagu pekhana tumha dekhanahare, bidhi hari ambhu nacvanahare.

teu na jnah marama tumhr, aura tumah ko jnanahr.

so jnai jehi dehu jan jnata tumahahi tumahi hoi j.

tumaharihi kp tumahi raghunandana, jnah bhakta bhakta ura

candana.

(Tulsdsa) Bhakti 47

. Tulasdsa

pariharai tni bhrama, so pana phicni ,

3

.

.

.

.

.

, ,

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48 18

.

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. Sufism Bhaktism

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Karma, Jna Bhakti

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83)

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. (=)

(uf) .

(Tulsdsa) Bhakti 49

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Bhg Bhagavadgt

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50 18

Abstract

The Bhakti Thought of Tulsds

Suh, Haing Jung

(Hankuk Univ. of Foreign Studies)

Tulsds is the candid and great poet who composed

the Rmacharitamnas. Nowadays the people of India know

more about Tulsidas than about Valmiki or the author of

the Adhytma Rmyaa. His Rmyaa is a very famous

and great epic of North India. His married life was only for

a short time, and it was his wife's rebuke of his

worldliness that unwittingly instigated his beginning a new

life as a holy man devoted to Rma. He settled down in

Ayodhy, the birthplace of Rma and it was here that in

A.D. 1574 he began writing the Rmacharitamnas. His

going on various pilgrimage, his settled centre of his

existence was Banaras and it was here that he completed

the great epic poetry. Therefore it is said that Tulsds was

regarded as a reincarnation of Vlmiki.

This paper is written about the Bhakti Thought of

Tulsdsa. It deals with Karma, Jna, Bhakti and

Tulsds's philosophy on the base of Rmacharitmnas. As

the Rma tradition developed for a long time, different

aspects of meaning was opened up in the Rma symbol.

From the viewpoint of the external level, Rma remains an

example of kingship and ethical point, and an avatra of

Vu, while at the internal level Rma is also seen to be

the devotional Lord who is the object of Bhakti. Not only a

salvation to those who desire to hear Tulsi's epic but also

the Rmacharitamnas provides worldly happiness as well

(Tulsdsa) Bhakti 51

as spiritual relief. It is not only a combination of Bhakti and

Jna but also stands for Karma. So it can be called a

Triveni. And also as a Vednta philosopher he tries to deal

with the harmonical philosophy on the base of Ramanology.

He tried to prove that there should not be quarrel between

the Nirgua and Saguna aspect of God, because both are

the same. It is said that this epic dose nat talk of a

particular sect and a particular community, race or a group.

Its appeal in universal one.

Key words : Tulsdsa, Vlmki, Rma, Viu, Vednta,

Bhakti, Karma, Jna.