บทที่ 19 ฟิสิกส์อะตอม
TRANSCRIPT
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1 9
19.1
19.1.1 2 10000
19.1.2 1)
2)
3)
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4)
3) 4) ( ) 1) 2) ()
1. 1. 2. 3. 4.
2. 1. 2. 3. 4.
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3. 1. 2. 3.
4.
2
( F = q E ) ( F = q v B ) q v B = q E v = BE ( E = d
V )
v = Bd V
v ( / ) B ( ) E ( / , / ) V ( ) D ( )
4. 2 x 103 3 x 104 /
1. 1.0 x 107 2. 1.5 x 107 3. 2.0 x 107 4. 2.5 x 107
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5. 1 x 103 0.01 200
1. 1.0 x 107 2. 1.5 x 107 3. 2.0 x 107 4. 2.5 x 107
6. 1500 = 1.6 x 1019 , = 9.1 x 1031 1. 2.3 x 107 m/s 2. 2.3 x 106 m/s 3. 2.3 x 105 m/s 4. 2.3 x 103 m/s
R = Bq
m v
mq = R B
v
q 1 ( ) v ( / ) R ( ) m 1 ( ) B ( )
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mq 1.76 x 1011 -
7. 3 x 107 / 0.001 0.2
1. 1.0 x 1011 2. 1.5 x 1011 3. 2.0 x 1011 4. 2.5 x 1011
8. 2.8 x 107 0.1 1.76 x 1011 1. 0.8 x 103 2. 1.0 x 103 3. 1.4 x 103 4. 1.6 x 103
9. 9 x 107 0.1 ( q / m 1.8 x 1011 / ) 1. 0.05 2. 0.5 3. 2.5 4. 5.0
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10. e m B R
1. Rm B e 2. Bm R e 3. 2R 2Bm e 4. mR B e
11. 0.114 1 x 103 0.01 200
1. 1.50 x 1011 2. 1.75 x 1011 3. 2.00 x 1011 4. 2.25 x 1011
19.1.3
( Robert A. Millikan ) 2
1. ( W = m g )
2. ( F = q E )
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F = F q E = m g ( q = n e ) n e E = m g n e = E
mg
q ( ) n e 1 = 1.6 x 1019 m ( ) E ( / ) n e = x 1.6 x 1019 n e = 1 x 1.6 x 1019 n e = 2 x 1.6 x 1019 n e = 3 x 1.6 x 1019
1 1.6 x 1019
12. 5 1.3 x 1015 2 x 104 1 1. 1.1 x 1019 C 2. 1.3 x 1019 C 3. 1.6 x 1019 C 4. 1.8 x 1019 C
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13. 10 1.6 x 1015 100 1 1 1. 1.1 x 1019 C 2. 1.3 x 1019 C 3. 1.6 x 1019 C 4. 1.8 x 1019 C
14( ) 1 .6 x 1014 1 . 400 1.6 x 1019 1. 25 2. 50 3. 250 4. 500
15. m n 2 d V
1. nVmgd 2. nd
mgV 3. Vnmgd 4. d
nmgV
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16. 400 /3 2.5 x 1012 3 4 x 105 / 1. 2.5 x 1014 2. 5.0 x 1014 3. 2.5 x 1015 4. 5.0 x 1015
17. 6.4 x 1015 5 5 /2 1 1.6 x 1019
18. 1 12.8 x 1019 C 2. 11.2 x 1019 C 3. 9.6 x 1019 C 4. 1.44 x 1019 C
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19.2
19.2.1 - (Eugen Goldstein ) () , () ()
19. 1. 2. 3. 4.
+ +
e
e
+ + + + +
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20. 1. 2. 3. 4.
19.2.2
+ +
e
e
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21.
1. 2. 3. 4.
22. 1.
2.
3. 4.
+ +
e
e
+ +
e
e
+ +
e
e
+ + + + +
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23( ) ( - ) 1. 2. 3. 4.
24.
1. 2. 3. 4.
25. (79Au ) 7.9 x 10
15 1. 0.72 x 107 2. 1.44 x 107 3. 0.72 x 108 4. 1.44 x 108
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19.3
19.3.1
2
1. ( L ) h ( ) 2
h
m r v L = m v r = n h n 1 , 2 , 3 , ....
2. 1.
rn = 5.3 x 1011 n2
rn n ( ) n
26( ) 1. 5.3 x 1011 2. 10.6 x 1011 3. 21.2 x 1011 4. 47.7 x 1011
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27( En) n = 4 n = 2
19.3.2
En = 2n1E
En n ( , eV ) E1 1 13.6 eV n ; 1 (eV) = 1.6 x 1019 .
4 (E4) = 3 (E3) = 2 (E2) = 1 (E1) =
19.3.3 1. ( n = 1 ) ( n = 1 ) ( Ground State )
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2. ( Excited State ) 3.
() 1 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2
(410 nm) (434 nm)
(484 nm) (656 nm)
3 4 5
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. ( )
e
1 ..............
6 2
5 2 4 2 3 2
...............................
...............................
...............................
...............................
..............
3 ............................... ..............
4 ............................... ..............
5 ............................... ..............
28. 1. 2.
3. 4.
29. 1. 2.
3. 4.
30. 1. 2. 3.
4.
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31. 1. n = 1 n = 2 2. n = 2 n = 1 3. n = 2 n = 6 4. n = 6 n = 2
32. 1. 2.
3. 4.
E = Ef Ei
E = efh = 4.125 x 1015 f E =
eCh =
910x 1237.5
E ( ) E E
Ef () Ei ()
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f ( ) h = 6.6 x 1034 J.s ( )
e = 1.6 x 1019 C ( 1 ) C = 3 x 108 m/s ( ) ( ) 33. 4 2
34. ( 13.6 eV ) 3 1. 0.85 eV 2. 1.51 eV 3. 12.09 eV 4. 12.75 eV
35( En) 13.6 12.09 n 1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 4. 5
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36( En) 13.6 n = 3 n = 2 1. 1.51 eV 2. 1.89 eV 3. 3.40 eV 4. 4.91 eV
37( En) 1. 454.1 2. 545.3 3. 654.8 4. 672.0
38( En) 1. 2.30 x 1014 2. 4.58 x 1014 3. 2.30 x 1015 4. 4.61 x 1015
39( En)
1. 62 nm 2. 100 nm 3. 210 nm 4. 310 nm
e
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1 = R
2in1 2fn
1 -
R = 1.097 x 107 m1 ( ) nf ni
40. E3 E1 1. 1 x 106 2. 2 x 106 3. 1 x 107 4. 1 x 109
41( En) n = 2 n = 1 n = 3 n = 2 1. 27
5 2. 163 3. 8
3 4. 85
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42( ) () 1. 1415 2. 1215 3. 952 4. 912
43. k 1. k
1 2. k 3. 43k 4. 3k
4
19.3.4
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1 2 4.9 eV 1 3 6.7 eV ( 1 ) 4.9 eV 4.9 eV 2 4.9 eV 6.7 eV 6.0 eV 4.9 eV 6.7 eV 6.7 eV 3 44( En) 1. 4.9 eV 2. 4.9 eV 3. 4.9 eV 4.
45. ( eV 13.59 , 3.40 , 1.51 , .... 0 )
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46. 1. 2.
3. 4.
19.3.5 C V1 C () Vo - A ()
2 1. (continuous X - ray) (fmax) Vo
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() W = E
e V = h f e V =
Ch
e = 1.6 x 1019 V ( )
h = 6.6 x 1034 J.s ( ) f ( )
C = 3 x 108 m/s ( ) ( )
2) (characteristic X rays)
47. 10000
1. 4.1 x 109 2. 1.2 x 1010 3. 8.0 x 109 4. 2.4 x 1018
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48. 0.124 1. 1000 2. 2000 3. 4990 4. 9980
49. 20000 1. 2.42 x 1016 2. 4.83 x 1016 3. 2.42 x 1018 4. 4.83 x 1018
50. 20 () 1. 4.22 x 107 m/s 2. 8.43 x 107 m/s
3. 4.22 x 108 m/s 4. 8.43 x 108 m/s
51. 1. 30.95 nm 2. 61.90 nm 3. 30.95 pm 4. 61.90 pm
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52( ) 1. 2. 3. 4.
19.3.6
1. 2. 3.
1. 2. 3. 4. L = m v r = n h
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19.4
19.4.1
(photoelectric effect ) (photo electron)
1. (Work function) W E = W + Ek 2. (W) ( f ) ( fo) (o)
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3. ( ) (Vo)
Ek = Ep Ek = e Vo
Ek ( ) e = 1.6 x 1019 C ( 1 ) Vo ( ) 4. ( Ek ) , (W) 5. (W) 6. 53. 1. 2. 3.
4.
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54. 1. 2. 3. 4.
55. 1. () - 2.
3. 4.
56( ) 1. 2. 3. 4.
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57. 2 1. 2. 2 3. 2 4. 4
E = W + Vo efh = W + Vo eCh = W + Vo
E ( , eV ) W , ( , eV ) Vo ( , eV ) Vo ( )
h = 6.6 x 1034 J.s ( ) f ( ) e = 1.6 x 1019 C ( 1 ) C = 3 x 108 m/s ( ) ( )
58( En) 3.79 300
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59. 4 x 107
3.2 x 1019
1. 1.09 2. 2.09 3. 3.09 4. 4.09
60( ) 60 13.6
61. (ground state) 20 - 1. 0 2. 6.4 3. 13.6 4. 20.0
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62( En) 5.6 1.0 4.2
1. 2.4 V 2. 4.4 V 3. 6.6 V 4. 11.2 V
63. 4.2
64( ) 310 2.0 x 107
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65. 250 0.6 1. 1.05 x 1014 Hz 2. 2.10 x 1014 Hz
3. 1.05 x 1015 Hz 4. 2.10 x 1015 Hz
66( En)
6 x 1014
1. 0.42 V 2. 0.83 V 3. 1.65 V 4. 2.50 V
2 4 6 f (x1014 Hz) 0
Ek
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67( En) A 3.3 B 4 x 1014 A B A 1.2 B
19.4.2 (Albert Einstein) 1. (photon) 2. 1 h f
Ch
n = n (h f ) = n (
Ch ) ()
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3. ( )
68. 1018 6 x 107
( = 6.6 x 1034 J.s ) 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4
69. 550 10 1 1. 2.8 x 1019 2. 3.2 x 1019 3. 3.6 x 1019 4. 4.2 x 1019
70( En) 0.66 2 x 1022 17 50 % ( = 4.2 / . ) 1. 3oC 2. 4oC 3. 5oC 4. 10oC
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71. 660 7 x 1022 200 40 ( 4.2 x103 J / kg.K ) 1. 25oC 2. 20oC 3. 15oC 4. 10oC
19.4.3 (Arthur H. Compton) (Peter Debye)
19.4.4 P = m C ( m = 2C
E )
P = 2CE C
P = CE ( E =
Ch )
P = 2C C Ch
P = h
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= Ph ( P = m v )
= m vh = k2mE
h
m v (De Broglic wavelength) (duality of wave and particle)
m v r n h
2 r = n 2 r = n mvh
mvr = n 2h
mvr = n h
72. 1000 72 1. 0.92 x 1038 2. 3.3 x 1038 3. 0.33 x 1038 4. 1.1 x 1038
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73. 5 1. 0.55 nm 2. 0.85 nm 3. 0.95 nm 4. 1.10 nm
74( En) m 4 1. 21 2. 2 3. 4 4. 8
75. q m
V
1. = h 2. = 2qVmh 3. = 2qVmh 4. = 2qVm
2h
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76. 1. 2. 2 3.
4.
19.5
19.5.1 ( x ) ( p ) > h x p = m v
h = 2h
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77. 6.0 x 106 / 0.5 x 106 / 6.7 x 1027 1. 3.1 x 1014 2. 6.2 x 1014 3. 3.1 x 1015 4. 6.2 x 1015
19.5.2