&. 20€¦ · central bank of sri lanka - news survey - oct-dec 2018,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp...

Central Bank of Sri Lanka - News Survey -

Oct-Dec 2018 1,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp

itg;gfk;xj; - jpnr 2018

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp

njhlh;G+l;ly; jpizf;fsk;

,yq;ifapd; epjpj; Jiwapy; fk;gdp

MSifapd; nghJNehf;F

MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F epjpapLjiyj;

jilnra;jy;: ,iwik ehnlhd;wpw;fhd

Njitg;ghLfs;

nka;epfH ehzak;: nghJkf;fs; njhpe;Jnfhs;s

Ntz;ba Njitfs;02

07

20

2018 xj;NjhgH - jpnrk;gH kyH 3 ,jo; 10 - 12

&. 20/-

2Central Bank of Sri Lanka

- News Survey - Oct-Dec 2018

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpitg;gfk;

xj; - jpnr 2018

fk;gdp MSif vd;why; vd;d?

'fk;gdp MSif" vd;w gjj;jpid> mjd;

ehshe;jj; njhopw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; nghOJ

'fk;gdpnahd;W vt;thW MSif nra;ag;gLfpwJ"

vd;gjid tpghpg;gjhFk;. ,J fk;gdpnahd;W

vt;thW njhopw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Nkw;ghHit

nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; newpg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; my;yJ

Kfhikg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ njhlHghd

topfhl;ly;fisAk; rpwe;j eilKiwfisAk;

epHzapf;fpwJ. ,jd; fUj;J ahnjdpy; tpahghukhdJ

MHtyHfspd; kpfr; rpwe;j eyThpj;Jf;fSf;Nfw;g

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gjhFk;. vdNt>

Fwpg;gpl;l fk;gdpapd; gzpg;ghsH rigAk; Kjd;ik

Kfhikj;Jt MszpapdUk; MHtyHfspd; rhHgpy;

rpwe;j fk;gdp MSifapid epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lnkd

vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. fk;gdp MSifapid mwpKfg;gLj;j

Ntz;Lnkd;w Àz;LjYf;Fg; gpd;dhYs;s fhuzk;>

fk;gdpf;F ePbj;Jepiyj;jpUf;ff;$ba ntw;wpiaf;

nfhz;L tuf;$ba fhj;jpukhd> Kaw;rpahz;ik kpf;f

Kd;kjpAila Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;F trjpaspg;gNjahFk;.

,yq;ifapd; epjpj;

Jiwapy; fk;gdp MSifapd;

nghJNehf;F

,jw;fika> nghWg;ghz;ik my;yJ xOf;ftpay;

elj;ijf;fhf kPs;tYg;gLj;jg;gl;l nghUj;jkhd

tpjpfspd; epWtg;gl;l fk;gdpf; fyhr;rhuj;jpid rpwe;j

MSifapd; mbg;gilf; $nwhd;whf milahsk;

fhzKbAk;.

fk;gdpnahd;wpd; fk;gdp MSif> gzpg;ghsh; rig kw;Wk; Mh;tyh;fs;

nghUshjhu xj;Jiog;G kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd

mikg;gpd;gb> fk;gdp MSifahdJ> fk;gdp

Kfhikj;Jtk; mjd; rig> mjd; gq;FlikahsH kw;Wk;

mjd; MHtyHfs; vd;NghUf;fpilapyhd cwTfspd;

Vw;ghLfis tiutpyf;fzk; nra;fpwJ. ,J fk;gdpapd;

Fwpf;Nfhs;fis epHzapg;gjw;fhd mikg;gpidAk;

mj;jifa Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; vt;thW ftdpf;fg;gLfpd;wd

vd;gjidAk; jUtJld; mjd; nrayhw;wKk;

fz;fhzpf;fg;gLfpwJ. fk;gdp MSifahdJ> fk;gdp

kw;Wk; MHtyHfs; ,UthpdJk; eyThpj;Jf;fisf;

nfhz;l Fwpf;Nfhs;fisj; njhlHtjw;Nfw;w tpjj;jpy;

rigf;Fk; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;Fk; nghUj;jkhd

Cf;Ftpg;Gf;fis toq;Fjy; Ntz;Lnkd;gJld;

fl;LiuahsHfs;:

b tp b fSNghtpy;y

%j;j cjtpg; gzpg;ghsH

tq;fp Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsk;

v]; gp Nrju


tq;fpay;yh epjpapay; epWtdq;fs; Nkw;ghHitj;

jpizf;fsk;

V V MH yhd;rd;


njhlHG+l;ly; jpizf;fsk;

b b vd; tpyj;fKt

Jizg; gzpg;ghsH

rl;lk; kw;Wk; ,zq;Ftpg;Gj; jpizf;fsk;




fhj;jpukhd fz;fhzpg;gpidAk; Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F

trjpfSk; toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; %yk;

%ytsq;fis kpfr; rpf;fdkhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjw;F

Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

fk;gdp MSifapid epiwNtw;Wtjpy; gq;Flikahsh;fspd; tfpghfk;

gzpg;ghsH rigaplk; mtHfsJ fk;gdpfspd;

MSiff;fhd ,Wjpg; nghWg;ghz;ikfs;

xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;s Ntisapy;> gq;FlikahsHfSk;

Mw;Wtjw;fhd ,d;wpaikahj gq;fpidf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH. MSifapy; gq;FlikahsHfspd;

gq;F ahnjdpy;> fk;gdpapd; RKfkhd njhopw;ghl;bw;fhfg;

nghUj;jkhd MSif mikg;gpid cWjpg;gLj;Jk;

tpjj;jpy; gzpg;ghsHfis epakpg;gNjahFk;.

gq;FlikahsHfspdhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l gzpg;ghsH

rigapd; jifikAk; NeHikAk; epWtdj;jpYs;s

fk;gdp MSifapd; jd;ikapid Kf;fpakhfj;

jPHkhdpg;gjhf ,Uf;Fk;.

fk;gdp MSifapid epiwNtw;Wtjpy; gzpg;ghsh; rigapd; tfpghfk;

rigapd; nghWg;ghz;ikfs; fk;gdpapd;

cghag; gzpg;Giufis Vw;gLj;Jjy;> mtw;iw

eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; Njitahd

jiyikj;Jtj;jpid toq;Fjy;> tpahghuj;jpd;

epUthfj;jpid Nkw;ghHit nra;jy; kw;Wk;

gq;FlikahsHfSf;F jkJ epHthfk; gw;wp mwptpj;jy;

vd;gdtw;iwg; ngUkstpw;F cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ.

MfNt> fk;gdp MSif vd;gJ fk;gdpapd; rig

gw;wpAk; fk;gdpapd; ngWkhdj;jpid ,J vt;thW

epHzapj;Jf; nfhs;fpwJ vd;gjidAk; gw;wpajhFk;.

fk;gdpapd; MSif eilKiwfs; fk;gdpapd; ehshe;j

eltbf;iffspd; kPJ nry;thf;fpidf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w

NghJk; ,J KO Neu epiwNtw;W mYtyHfspdhy;

Mw;wg;gLfpd;w ehshe;j njhopw;ghLfspypUe;Jk;

NtWgLj;jpg; ghHf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

Kfth; Nfhl;ghLk; fk;gdp MSifAk;

Kd;ida gphpTfspy; tpsf;fg;gl;lthW> fk;gdp

MSifapd; fUJNfhs; KjyPl;lhsHfspd;

eyd;fisf; fhf;Fk; ftrkhfg; gue;jstpy; fUjg;gl

KbAnkd;gJld; midj;ijAKs;slf;fpa ,lHNeHT

Kfhikj;Jt KiwikahfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. KftH

Nfhl;ghl;bypUe;J Njhd;Wfpd;w fk;gdp MSifapd;

nghJthf mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l tpsf;fq;fspnyhd;W

gq;Fhpik %yjdk; kw;Wk; gLfld; clikahsHfs;

(Kjy;tHfs;) vt;thW epWtdnkhd;wpd;

KfhikahsHfs; %yjdj;jpd; fld; toq;FeHfsJ

,Wjp eyThpj;Jf;fSf;fhfr; nraw;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy;

ehshe;jj; njhopw;ghLfspd; kPJ jhf;fj;jpidf;

nfhz;bUf;f KbAk; vd;gJ gw;wp NkNyhl;lkhff;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. epWtdj;jpd; KfhikahdJ

tpidj;jpwd; gq;FlikahsH kw;Wk; toq;fpNahhpd;

Nehf;fj;jpd; mwptpidg; nghWj;J %yjdj;jpid

xg;gilf;Fk;. nrhj;Jlikapd; Ntwhf;fk; kw;Wk;

fl;Lg;ghl;Lld; NrHe;Nj ,Uf;Fk; KftH Nfhl;ghl;bd;

ika cz;bay;> ,J xg;ge;j hPjpahd epiyapypUe;J

Nehf;fg;gl;lJld; Muk;gj;jpy; NrhrpdhYk; gpd;dH

n[d;rd; md;l; nkf;ypq;fpdhYk; ghuhl;lg;gl;lJ.

epjpapay; Jiwapy; fk;gdp MSif

cyf tq;fpapd; jiytH jpU. N[. T+y;ngd;Nrhd;>

fk;gdp MSifahdJ fk;gdpapd; epahakhd jd;ik>

ntspg;gilahd jd;ik kw;Wk; nghWg;Gf;$Wk;

jd;ik vd;gdtw;wpid Cf;Ftpg;gjhfr; Rl;bf;

fhl;Lfpd;whH (gpdhd;rpay; iuk;]; A+d; 21> 1999

fl;Liu). ,jd;gb> Vw;Gilj;jhd rl;lq;fs;> tpjpfs;>

Nfhl;ghLfs;> topfhl;ly;fs; kw;Wk; gzpg;GiufSf;F

,zq;fpnahOFtJ> epWtdq;fSf;F> tpNrlkhf

tq;fpj;njhopy; kw;Wk; epjpj; JiwapYs;s

epWtdq;fSf;F kpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhFk;.

tq;fpfspYs;s MSif> kw;iwa JiwfspYk; ghHf;f

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;F kpfr; rpf;fy; tha;e;jjhff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. tq;fpfs;> kw;iwa fk;gdpfisg;

Nghd;Nw rig MSifapd; mNj Fwpg;gPl;bw;fpzq;f

Ntz;bapUe;jnjdpDk;> ,tw;wpw;Fg; Gwk;ghf> ,lHNeHT

Kfhikj;Jtk;> %yjdg; NghJik kw;Wk; epjpaply;

cs;sff; fl;Lg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; ,zq;Ftpg;Gf;fs;

Nghd;w fhuzpfs; mtHfspd; fk;gdp msitapaypy;

jhf;fnkhd;wpidf; nfhz;bUe;jd.

'fk;gdp MSifahdJ> $l;Lj;jhgdq;fSf;fhd epjp

toq;FeHfs; jhkhfNt mtHfsJ KjyPLfSf;F

tUthapidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fis




xj; - jpnr 2018

Nkw;nfhs;fpwJ." [N[Hdy; xt; gpdhd;];> nrypntH

md;l; tp~;dp) (1997 gf;fk; 737)] mNef Kd;dzp

epjpf; fk;gdpfs; Kwptile;jikapd; fhuzkhfj;

Àz;lg;gl;L cyfshtpa nghUshjhuq;fs; Kwptile;J

Nghdikapidj; njhlHe;J tq;fpj;njhopy; kw;Wk;

epjpapay; Jiwf;fhd fk;gdp MSif epakq;fs;

njhlHgpy; ngUksT ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.

fk;gdpfs; Kwptile;J Nghdikf;F xU rpy

cjhuzq;fshf Nykd; gpwNjH];> N[gp NkhHfd;

Nghd;wit fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

tq;fpj;njhopy; JiwapYs;s fk;gdp MSifAk; xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy;/ Nkw;ghh;it topKiwfSk;

Nrkpg;ghsHfsplkpUe;Jk; itg;ghsHfsplkpUe;Jk;

epjpfis njhopy;Kaw;rpfspd; eltbf;iffSf;Fk;

nghUshjhu tsHr;rpf;Fj; J}z;Ljyspf;Fk; tpjj;jpy;

mtw;wpw;F cjTtjw;F epjpfis ,ilNaw;ghL

nra;tjd; %yk; tq;fpfs; nghUshjhuj;jpy; Kf;fpakhd

tfpghfnkhd;wpid Mw;Wfpd;wd. MfNt> Fwpg;gpl;l

nghUshjhunkhd;wpd; epjpapay; cWjpg;ghl;bw;F

ghJfhg;Gk; Mw;wy; tha;e;j jd;ikAk; nfhz;l tq;fpfs;

Kf;fpakhditahFk;. ,yq;ifapy; tq;fpj;njhopy;

Jiw 2018 Xfj;J mstpy; Vwj;jho &.11 wpy;ypad;

Njwpa nrhj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;bUe;jJld;> epjpapay;

Jiwapd; Vwj;jho 60 rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; $Ljyhd gq;fpid

gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;fpwJ. mj;jifa Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

tha;e;j Jiwapy; Kiwapay; hPjpapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

tha;e;j tq;fpfspy; fhzg;gLk; gyaPdkhd MSif

(,yq;ifapy; MW ghhpa chpkk; ngw;w tq;fpfs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd) tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiw KOtjw;Fk;

mNjNghd;W KOg; nghUshjhuj;jpw;Fk; gpur;ridfs;

guTtjw;F toptFj;J Nguz;lg; nghUshjhur; nryTfs;

cwg;gLtjw;Ff; fhuzkhfpd;wJ. ,J tq;fpfspd; caH

Kfhikj;Jtk; tYthd Kiwapy; mikf;fg;gl;L vy;yh

Neuq;fspYk; rpwe;j tpopg;Gld; ,Uf;f Ntz;bajd;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ehl;by;

tq;fpfspd; njhopw;ghLfis xOq;FKiwg;gLj;Jfpd;w

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; tq;fp Nkw;ghHitj;

jpizf;fsk; tq;fpfspy; jtwhd Kfhikj;Jtk;

,lk;ngWtjidj; jzpf;Fk; nghUl;L fk;gdp

MSif njhlHghd tpjpfisAk; Nfhl;ghLfisAk;

Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpwJ.

fle;j 10 Mz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpapy;> fk;gdp MSif

njhlHgpy; tpLf;fg;gl;l cyfshtpa xOq;Ftpjpfs;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;F Nkk;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. ghhpa

Nkw;ghHit vjpHghHg;Gf;fSld; ,lHNeHT

Kfhikj;Jtj; njhopw;ghLfspypUe;J GjpaJk;

tYthdJkhd xOq;Ftpjpfs;Æ topfhl;ly;fs;

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. ,it gzpg;ghsH

rigfSlDk; %j;j Kfhikj;Jtj;JlDk; mbf;fb

njhlHGfis Vw;gLj;j Ntz;ba Njitapid

Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;wd. ,jw;fika> mjpfhhpfs;

tq;fpfspd; fk;gdp kw;Wk; ,lHNeHT MSifapd;

xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; Nkw;ghHitapid

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd topKiwfis vLj;jpUf;fpd;wd.

2015 A+iyapy;> tq;fpfSf;fhd gd;dhl;L

xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy; rigahd tq;fp Nkw;ghHit

kPjhd ghry; FO fhj;jpukhd tq;fp MSiff;

fl;likg;gpd; Kf;fpa %yq;fs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;w

'tq;fpfSf;fhd fk;gdp MSiff; Nfhl;ghLfis"f;

nfhz;l jpUj;jg;gl;l njhFjpnahd;wpid ntspapl;lJ.

,jw;fika> tq;fpapd; gzpg;ghsH rig tq;fpapd;

cghaf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;> MSiff; fl;likg;G kw;Wk;

fk;gdp fyhr;rhuk; vd;gdtw;wpw;F xg;Gjyspj;jy; kw;Wk;

Nkw;ghHit nra;tJ cl;gl tq;fpf;fhd xl;Lnkhj;jg;

nghWg;gpidAk; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. MfNt> rigahdJ

tq;fpapd; tpahghu cghak; kw;Wk; epjpapay; Mw;wy;>

Kf;fpa Mszpj; jPHkhdq;fs;> cs;sf mikg;Gf;fs;

kw;Wk; MSif mikg;GÆ eilKiw> ,lHNeHT

Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ,zq;Ftpg;G flg;ghLfs;

vd;gd njhlHgpy; ,Wjpahfg; nghWg;Gf;$w

Ntz;bajhftpUf;fpd;wJ.

rig> Kf;fpa Kfhikj;Jt Mszpapdh; kw;Wk; fk;gdp MSif

rig kw;Wk; Kf;fpa Kfhikj;Jt Mszpapdhpd;

jFjpfspd; epajpfspy;> rpwe;j eilKiwfs; rigapdUk;

Kf;fpa Kfhikj;Jt MszpapdUk; 'nghUj;jk; kw;Wk;

jFjp" vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; ghPl;irapy; rpj;jpaila

Ntz;Lk; vdj; Njitg;gLj;JfpwJ. mjhtJ jFjpfspd;

epajpfspy; gjtpapid tfpg;gjw;F epjpapay; Mw;wy;

kw;Wk; NeHikapd; msT vd;gdtw;wpd; nghUj;jg;ghL

Njitg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. Kfhikj;JtkhdJ rig

njhpe;jpUf;f Ntz;ba Kf;fpakhd midj;J




tplaq;fspYk; jpwe;j jd;ikAlDk; ntspg;gilahd

KiwapYk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. epiwNtw;W mjpfhukw;w

rig cWg;gpdHfs; mtHfsJ flikfis Mw;Wk;

tpjj;jpy; mtHfSf;Fj; Njitahd tq;fp CopaH kw;Wk;

jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F kl;Lg;gLj;jg;glhj

mZFKiwfis mtHfs; nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

mj;Jld;> rl;lk; kw;Wk; Mw;wy;tha;e;j fk;gdp

MSifia mile;J nfhs;tjpy; fhzg;gLk;

gyaPdkhd jd;ikapid mwpe;jpUg;gJk; fk;gdp

MSiff;fhd fhj;jpukhd mj;jpthuq;fisg; Ngzpf;

fhg;gJk; kpf ,d;wpaikahjitahFk;.

Vw;Gilj;jhd Njrpa rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; Nkw;ghHit

epakq;fspd; fPo; rigapd; cWg;gpdHfs; tq;fpf;F

mtHfsJ 'ftdkhd flik" kw;Wk; 'tpRthrkhd

flik" vd;gdtw;wpid toq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J

tq;fpapd; Kf;fpa tplaq;fspy; jPtpukhf <LgLjy;

kw;Wk; tq;fpapd; tpahghuj;jpy; Vw;gLk; nghUz;kpak;

kpf;f khw;wq;fspy; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; kw;Wk;

ntspthhpr; #o;epiyfspYk; mNjNghd;W MHtyHfspd;

ePz;l fhy eyThpj;Jf;fisg; ghJfhg;gjpy; chpa

Neuj;jpy; eltbf;iffis vLj;jy; vd;gdtw;iwAk;

cs;slf;FfpwJ. rigahdJ cs;sff; FOkj;jpd;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs; cl;gl njhlHghd jug;gpdhpd;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; ,lHNeHTfis kjpg;gPL

nra;tjw;fhf kPsha;T nra;ag;gl;likapidAk; mit

njhlHghd jug;gpdhpd; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs; mjhtJ

,uz;L jug;gpdUf;fpilapyhd nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs;

fpl;Lkhd nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; epajpfspy; eltbf;iffis

Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba tpjj;jpy; mwpf;ifapLfpd;w

epWtdj;Jld; Vw;fdNtAs;s njhlHGfs; Nghd;w

nghUj;jkhd fl;Lg;ghLfSf;Fl;gl;bUg;gjidAk;

cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; tq;fpapd; fk;gdp

my;yJ tpahghu %ytsq;fs; jtwhd tpjj;jpNyh

my;yJ gpioahfNth gpuNahfpf;fg;gltpy;iy

vd;gjidAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.

,jw;fika> ,g;gpd;dzpapy;> njhlHghd jug;gpdhpd;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; vd;gJ tq;fpapd; VNjDk; Jizf;

fk;gdpfs;Æ tq;fpapd; VNjDk; ,izf; fk;gdpfs;Æ

tq;fpfspd; vtNuDk; gzpg;ghsHfs;Æ VNjDk;

tq;fpapd; Kf;fpa Kfhikj;Jt MszpapdHÆ

tq;fpapd; vtNuDk; gzpg;ghsHfspd; neUq;fpa

cwtpdHÆ tq;fpapy; fzprkhd gq;fpidr; nrhe;jkhff;

nfhz;Ls;s gq;FlikahsHfs; my;yJ VNjDk;

tq;fpapd; gzpg;ghsHfs; my;yJ VNjDk; tq;fpapd;

gzpg;ghsHfsJ neUq;fpa cwtpdHfs; my;yJ

fzprkhd <LghLfisf; nfhz;Ls;s gq;FlikahsHfs;

vdg; nghUs;gLk;.

nghWg;Gf;fis epiwNtw;Wifapy; rigahdJ

itg;ghsHfs;> gq;FlikahsHfs; kw;Wk; Vida

njhlHghd MHtyHfspd; rl;l hPjpahd eyThpj;Jfifsg;

ghprPyidapy; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J tq;fp mtw;wpd;

Nkw;ghHitahsHfSld; fhj;jpukhd cwTKiwfisg;

Ngzp tUtjidAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.

kw;iwa epjpapay; epWtdq;fspy; fk;gdp MSif

,yq;ifapYs;s kw;iwa epjpapay; epWtdq;fs;

Kf;fpakhfg; gpd;tUk; tiffis cs;slf;Ffpd;wd:

1. chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; kw;Wk; rpwg;gpay;G

tha;e;j Fj;jiff;FtpLk; fk;gdpfs;

2. mur gpizaq;fs; JiwapYs;s Kjdpiy

tzpfHfs;

3. gzj; jufHfs;

4. fhg;GWjpf; fk;gdpfs;

5. $W ek;gpf;iffs;

6. Xa;Tfhy epjpaq;fs;

NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tiffSs;> chpkk; ngw;w epjpf;

fk;gdpfs; chpkk; ngw;w Fj;jiff;FtpLk; fk;gdpfs;>

Kjdpiy tzpfHfs; kw;Wk; gzj; jufHfs; MfpNahH

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy;

mjpfhu tuk;gpw;Fs; fhzg;gl;l Ntisapy;> kw;iwa

gphpTfs; NtWgl;l xOq;FKiwj;jy; rigfspd; fPo;

fhzg;gl;ld. chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfSk; chpkk;

ngw;w Fj;jiff;FtpLk; fk;gdpfSk; ,yq;if kj;jpa

tq;fpapdhy; tpLf;fg;gl;l fk;gdp MSiffs; kPjhd

gzpg;Giufspdhy; Msg;gLfpd;wd.

fk;gdp MSif kPjhd jw;NghJs;s gzpg;Giufs;

midj;ijAKs;slf;fpa tpjj;jpy; gj;jpuj;jpy;

fhzg;gLfpd;w Ntisapy; fle;j mz;ikf; fhyj;jpy;

mNef chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfSk; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j

Fj;jiff;FtpLk; fk;gdpfSk; Kwptile;J tUfpd;w

gpd;dzpapy; ,g;gzpg;Giufs; chpkk; ngw;w epjpf;

fk;gdpfspdhYk; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j Fj;jiff;FtpLk;

fk;gdpfspdhYk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wdth vd;gJ




xj; - jpnr 2018

gw;wp mjpfhpj;jsT Nfs;tpfisj; Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sd.

fle;j mz;ikf; fhyj;jpy; chpkk; ngw;w epjpf;

fk;gdpfSk; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j Fj;jiff;FtpLk;

fk;gdpfSk; Kwptile;jikf;Fr; re;ij kw;Wk;

ntspthhpf; fhuzpfs; cldbf; fhuzq;fshf

tpsq;fpajhfr; Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gl;l NghJk;> ngUk;ghYk;

midj;J KwpTfSf;Fk; mbg;gilf; fhuzkhf>

jtwhd Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;Fk; NkhrbfSf;Fk;

toptFj;j Nkhrkhd fk;gdp MSifNa fhuzk;

vd;gJ milahsk; fhzg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,jw;F

Kf;fpa fhuzk; jw;nghOJ eilKiwapYs;s fk;gdp

MSifapid ,e;epWtdq;fs; fhj;jpukhd Kiwapy;

eilKiwg;gLj;jhikNaahFk;. MfNt> rpwe;j

fk;gdp MSifapidj; J}z;Lk; tpjj;jpy; fk;gdpf;

fyhr;rhuj;jpid cUthf;Ftjd; %yk; jw;NghJs;s

fk;gdp MSifg; gzpg;Giufisf; fhj;jpukhd

Kiwapy; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjd;

kPJ typAWj;jy;fis Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Nkw;ghHitapd; fPo;tUk;

Kjdpiy tzpfHfisg; nghWj;jtiuapYk; $l

fk;gdp MSif njhlHgpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l

gzpg;Giufis ,dpNky;jhd; tpLf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.

vdpDk;> gzpg;ghsHfspd; nghUj;jk; kw;Wk; jFjpia

cs;slf;fpa fk;gdp MSifapd; rpy mk;rq;fs;

kw;iwa gzpg;Giufspd; fPOk; Kjdpiy tzpfHfSf;F

Vw;Gilj;jhd ed;dlj;ijf; NfhitapYk;

cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. NkYk;> gzpg;ghsH rig kw;Wk;

Jizf; FOf;fspd; njhopw;ghLfSk; njhlHghd

jug;gpdhpd; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs; kPjhd fl;Lg;ghLfSk;

Kjdpiy tzpfHfspd; ghPl;rpg;Gf;fspd; NghJ kj;jpa

tq;fpapdhy; kjpg;gplg;gl;ld.

tYthd fk;gdp MSif mikg;gpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd eltbf;iffs;

Mw;wy; tha;e;j fk;gdp MSif mikg;gpidf;

nfhz;bUg;gJ ve;jnthU epWtdj;jpw;Fk;

fl;lhakhdjhFk;. MfNt> Mw;wy; tha;e;j fk;gdpf;

fyhr;rhuj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L rigfs;>

,f;fl;Liuapd; Muk;gj;jpy; Muhag;gl;likf;fpzq;f

'Nky; kl;lj;jpy; ,jid Xq;fp xypg;gjw;F" toptFf;f

Ntz;Lk;.

epWtdj;jpd; ed;dlj;ijf; NfhitÆ xOf;ftpay;

my;yJ xg;gPl;Lf; nfhs;ifahdJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sj;jf;f

elj;ij kw;Wk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbahj elj;ij gw;wp

tiutpyf;fzk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. epjpapay; njhlHgpy;

gpioahf mwpf;ifapliy gzk; Àajhf;fy;>

Nkhrb> Nghl;bj;jd;ikaw;w eltbf;iffs;> ,yQ;rk;

kw;Wk; Coy; mt;thW thbf;ifahsH chpikfis

kPWjy; Nghd;w fPHj;jpf;Fg; gq;fk; tpistpf;ff;$ba

Kiwaw;w my;yJ rl;lj;jpw;F khwhd elj;ijfSf;F

toptFf;ff;$ba mDkjpaw;w eltbf;iffisj;

njspTgLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; CopaHfs; rl;lq;fs;>

xOq;Ftpjpfs; kw;Wk; fk;gdpf; nfhs;iffSf;Fg;

Gwk;ghf mtHfshfNt xOf;ftpay; Nfhitf;fpzq;f

ele;J nfhs;tjid njspTgLj;jpf; nfhs;SjYk;

Ntz;Lk;.

crhj;Jizfs;

G. Romero, A. (2003). The need for Corporate Governance in

averting banking crises -Lessons from the Banco Latino Crisis- -

Central Bank. [online] Centralbank.cw. Available at: http://www.

centralbank.cw/index.php?eid=1938 [Accessed 29 Aug. 2018].

Bis.org. (2015). Corporate governance principles for banks. [online]

Available at: https://www.bis.org/bcbs/publ/d328.htm [Accessed 17

Aug. 2018].

Ueda, K., De Nicolo, G. and Laeven, L. (2006). Corporate Governance

Quality : Trends and Real Effects. [online] IMF. Available at: https://

www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2016/12/31/Corporate-

Governance-Quality-Trends-and-Real-Effects-20079 [Accessed 28

Aug. 2018].

Jensen, Michael C. and Meckling, William H., Theory of the Firm:

Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure (1976).

Michael C. Jensen, A THEORY OF THE FIRM: GOVERNANCE,

RESIDUAL CLAIMS AND ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS,

Harvard University Press, December 2000; Journal of Financial

Economics (JFE), Vol. 3, No. 4, 1976. Available at SSRN: https://

ssrn.com/abstract=94043 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.94043




mwpKfk;

ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;Fk; MAjq;fs; kw;Wk; mj;jifa MAjq;fs; Vw;gLj;Jk;

mr;RWj;jy; vd;gd jw;nghOJ ,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;w tl nfhhpah - njd; nfhhpah - If;fpa

mnkhpf;fhTldhd Ngr;RthHj;ijfSld; kPz;Lk; ntspf;fpsk;gpapUf;fpd;wd. mj;jifa MAj

jsghlq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd mj;jifa MAj jsghlq;fs; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gj;jpidg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba tha;g;gpidf; nfhz;l ehlw;w ,af;fq;fspdhy; ngUk; jPq;Ffs;

Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gLtjd; fhuzkhf mjpfhpj;JtUk; mr;RWj;jiyj; njhlHe;J ,J Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

ngWfpd;wJ. gd;dhl;L r%fj;jthpilNa jw;nghOJ ,lk;ngw;W tUk; fhpridfs;> mj;jifa

ehlw;wtHfspdhYk; ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;Fk; MAjq;fspdhYk; tpLf;fg;gLk; mr;RWj;jYf;F

vjpuhf vLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba Kaw;rpfis Kd;nkhope;jpUf;fpwJ. ,j;jifa fhpridf;F GtprhH

murpay; gjl;lq;fSf;Fk; mHj;jkw;w murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ijfSf;Fk; toptFf;Fk; Nkhrkhd

Clf mwpf;iffs; ngUkstpw;F vz;nza; thHf;fpd;wd. vij> vq;Nf> vtH ,k;Nkhrkhd

mwpf;iffisAk; murpay; hPjpahd mHj;jkw;w Ngr;Rf;fisAk; ve;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf NgrpdhHfs;

vd;gjidf; fUj;jpw; nfhs;shky; gFj;jwptw;w eltbf;ifapdhy; jpBnudj; Njhd;Wk; fhuzq;fspd;

fhuzkhf tpLf;fg;gLk; mr;RWj;jy;fspdhYk; rhj;jpakhd jPq;Ffs; NkYk; nghpjhfpd;wd. ghhpa

Nrjq;fis tpistpf;Fk; MAjq;fspd; guk;gy; ehlw;w muRfs;> gFj;jwptw;w rHthjpfhuj;

jiytHfs; MfpNahhpdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; mr;RWj;jy;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F gd;dhl;Lr;

rl;lq;fspd; gug;gpw;Fs;Ns fhj;jpukhd topKiwfspy; MAjg; ngUf;fq;fSf;F epjpapLtjidj;

jil nra;tjw;F vLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba topKiwfs; gw;wp ,f;fl;Liu Muha;fpwJ. ,f;Fwpg;gpl;l

tplaq;fisj; jsHj;Jtjw;fhf> ,f;fl;Liu Kjypy; ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;Fk; MAjq;fSf;F

epjpapLtjdhy; Njhd;Wk; mr;RWj;jy;fisAk;> ,uz;lhtjhfg; ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;fpd;w

MAjg; ngUf;fj;jpw;fhd epjpapliyf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;Æ jzpj;jypy; <Lgl;Ls;s jw;Nghija

topKiwfisAk; Muha;fpwJ.

,iwik ehnlhd;wpw;fhd

Njitg;ghLfs;

Map~; Mhparpq;f

Jizg; gzpg;ghsH

epjpapay; cstwpjy; gphpT

MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F epjpapLjiyj; jil nra;jy;:




xj; - jpnr 2018

gFjp I : ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;Fk; MAjj;

jsghlq;fspd; ngUf;fj;jpw;F epjpapLfpd;w

mr;RWj;jYk; ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;Fk;

MAjj; jsghlq;fs; Vw;gLj;Jk; ghJfhg;Gr;

rthy;fSk;

1.1 ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;fpd;w MAjj; jsghlq;fs;

ghhpa Nrjq;fis1 tpistpf;fpd;w MAj jsghlq;fs;

vd;gjd; %yk; nghUl;fs;> MAjj; jsghlq;fs; my;yJ

,tw;iw tpLtpg;gjD}lhff; fzprkhd vz;zpf;if nfhz;l

kf;fSf;F fLikahd cld; jPq;fpid tpistpg;gjw;Ff;

fhuzkhf my;yJ mjid Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F ,ayhw;wy;

nfhz;l fUtpfs;> er;R my;yJ tp~j;jd;ik nfhz;l

,urhadq;fisg; gug;Gjy; my;yJ Kjw;nghUshf mikjy;>

Neha;fisg; gug;Gk;> mq;ftpfs;> fjphpaf;fk; my;yJ

fjphpaf;fg; nghUl;fs; vd milahsk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

,e;j MAjj; jsghlq;fs;> caphpay; rhHe;j fUtpfs;>

,urhadf; fUtpfs;> mZ kw;Wk; jahhpf;fg;gl;l mZr;

rhjdq;fs;> fjphpaf;fj;jd;ik nfhz;ltw;iwg; gutr;

nra;fpd;w fUtpfs; kw;Wk; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;w rhjdq;fs;

vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wd. ,jd;gb> ghhpa Nrjq;fis

tpistpf;fpd;w MAjj; jsghlq;fspd; mr;RWj;jiyg;

gpd;tUk; tpjj;jpy; tifg;gLj;jyhk;: m) ,urhadq;fs; M)

caphpay; (,) fjphpaf;fj; jd;ik nfhz;lit kw;Wk; (<)

mZ kw;Wk; MAjq;fisr; nrYj;Jfpd;w KiwfSf;Fg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLgit (VTfizfs;> tpkhdpfisf; nfhz;l

thD}Hjpfs; kw;Wk; tpkhdpfsw;w bNuhd;fs;).

,urhadk; kw;Wk; fjphpaf;fj;jd;ik nfhz;l MAjj;

jsghlq;fs; cyfshtpa hPjpapy; ,urhadÆ fjphpaf;fg;

nghUl;fspd; nrd;wilaf;$ba jd;ik fhuzkhf ghhpastpy;

gutf;$ba Mw;wiyf; nfhz;lit vd milahsk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.2 vdpDk; kw;iwa ghhpa Nrjq;fis

tpistpf;ff;$ba MAjj; jsghlq;fSld; xg;gpLifapy;

mZ MAjq;fs; rpwpa MAjj; jsghlq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp

Nkw;nfhs;sg;glf;$ba gz;Gfisf; nfhz;ldthf

,Ug;gjdhy; Nrjq;fis tpistpf;fpd;w Nehf;Fld;

MAjk; nrYj;jg;gl;l Neuj;jpypUe;J xU FWfpa Neuf;

fl;likg;gpw;Fs; ghhpa Nrjq;fis3 Vw;gLj;jf;$bait vdf;

fUjg;gLfpd;wd. mj;Jld;> mZ kw;Wk; fjphpaf;fj; jd;ik

nfhz;l MAjj; jsghlq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp fjphpaf;fj;

jd;ik nfhz;l %yg;nghUl;fs; ,uz;lhk; Rw;wpYk; $l

Neha;fisg; gug;gf;$ba rhj;jpaq;fisf; nfhz;ldthFk;.

ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;fpd;w MAjj; jsghlq;fs;>

Kf;fpakhd nghUshjhu kw;Wk; murpay; ,yf;FfSf;Fs;

Eioe;J ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapyhd caphpog;Gf;fis

Vw;gLj;Jk; Nehf;Fld; tl nfhhpah Nghd;w rHthjpfhu

ehLfspdhy; my;yJ my;Fitjh> jypghd; kw;Wk; <uhf;

,];yhkpa muR kw;Wk; nytd;l;Æ rphpah kw;Wk; rl;lj;jpw;F

khwhd mikg;Gf;fspdhy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ghhpa

Nrjq;fis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w MAjj; jsghlq;fspd;

mr;RWj;jy; gaq;futhjj;Jld; ,ize;J ghhpa Nrjq;fis

Vw;gLj;Jtjdhy; gd;dhl;L hPjpahf xUq;fpize;j mjpfhpj;j

Kaw;rpfs; Njitg;gLtJld; MAjg; ngUf;fj;jpidj; jLf;Fk;

tpjj;jpyhd epjpaply; topKiwfSk; mtrpakhfpd;wd.

,j;jifanjhU gpd;dzpapy;> ghhpa Nrjq;fis

Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w MAjj; jsghlq;fspYk; ghhpa Nrjq;fis

Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w MAjj; jsghlj;Jld; njhlHGgl;l MAjg;

ngUf;fj;jpw;F epjpapLtjpYk; Vw;gl;l rLjpahd mjpfhpg;gpd;

mr;RWj;jYk; kpf Kf;fpakhditahFk;. gdpg;NghH jpBnud

Kbtpw;F te;jikapd; fhuzkhf ghhpa Nrjq;fis

tpistpf;fpd;w MAjj; jsghlq;fSld; njhlHghd

,urhadq;fs; kw;Wk; Aj;j %yg;nghUl;fspy; kpifahd

epuk;gy; fhzg;gl;lJ. If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpw;Fk; If;fpa

Nrhtpaj; rkTlikf; Fbaurpw;Fkpilapyhd gdpg;NghH4

Kbtile;jikAld; ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;fpd;w MAjj;

jsghlq;fspd; nfhs;tdtpw;fhd epjpapay; gha;r;ry;fs;

twpjhfpg; Nghapd. ,jd; tpisthf> ,k;%yg;nghUl;fspd;

tpw;gidahsHfs; ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;fpd;w MAjj;

jsghl cw;gj;jpapid Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;l ehlw;w

,af;fq;fs; cl;gl> rl;lj;jpw;F Kuzhd FOf;fSf;F

,tw;wpidj; Njitapd; nghUl;L tpw;gid nra;tjw;F

1 ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;fpd;w MAjq;fs; gw;wpa tiutpyf;fzk;> If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpd; rl;lf; Nfhl;ghl;bd; gphpT 2332m ,d; fPo; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. gpd;tUtdtw;iw cs;slf;fpa VNjDk; ntbnghUs; gaq;futhjj;jpw;Fhpa my;yJ er;RthA vd;gd: Fz;L> iff;Fz;L ntbnghUl;fs; my;yJ gaq;futhjj;jpw;fhd 4 mTd;rpw;Fk; $Ljyhd nghUl;fs; nfhz;l nuhf;fl;> ntbnghUl;fs;> fz;zpntbfs; my;yJ Kd;dH tpghpf;fg;gl;l VNjDk; fUtpfis xj;j fUtpfs;É

nrYj;JtjD}lhf kuzj;jpid tpistpf;fpd;w my;yJ fLikahd clw;fhaq;fis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w> guTtjd; %ykhf my;yJ er;R my;yJ ghjpg;gpidf; nfhz;l ,urhadq;fs; my;yJ mtw;wpw;fhd Kjw;nghUl;fs;É

kdpj clw;$WfSf;F Neha;fis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wtw;Wld; njhlHghd VNjDk; MAjq;fs;É mj;Jld;

kdpj capHfSf;F Mgj;Jf;fis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w mstpw;F fjphpaf;fq;fs; my;yJ fjphpaf;f eltbf;iffisj; Àz;Lfpd;w Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l VNjDk; MAjq;fs;.

2 If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpd; ePjpj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; xOq;Fnra;ag;gl;l cgha tHj;jff; fl;Lg;ghLfs; kPjhd khehL> 2018 ngg;GUthp (nfhOk;G)

3 If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpd; ,uh[hq;f mikr;rpd; kjpg;gPL (https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/65477.pdf) mj;Jld; ghHf;f: 'ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;Fk; MAjq;fis xopg;gjw;fhd Njrpa cghak;" - (2002) nts;is khspif ntspaPL> th~pq;fld; b.rp I.mnkhpf;fh

4 IIMk; cyfg; NghH Kbtile;jJk; If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpw;Fk; If;fpa Nrhtpaj; rkTlikf; Fbaurpw;Fkpilapyhd gu];gu ek;gpf;ifaPdkhdJ Gydha;Tj; jfty;fisj; jpul;Ljy;> MAjq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;> ehLfSld; $l;Lf;fis Vw;gLj;jy;. ,J gdpg;NghH vd my;yJ ntspg;gilahftd;wp kiwKfkhf ,lk;ngWk; NghH vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.




epHg;ge;jpf;fg;gl;ldH. mNjNeuk;> tlnfhhpah Nghd;w ehLfs;

MAjj; jsghlq;fisj; jahhpf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; ,tw;iwg;

ngUkstpy; Ftpj;J itf;Fk; nghUl;L ,k;kpifahd

epuk;gy; epiyikapidg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ld.

ngUk; vz;zpf;ifahd fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; trjpfs;

ehly;yh ,af;fq;fs; my;yJ MjuthsH jug;gpduhy;

cilf;fg;gl;likAk; fhuzkhFk;. gdpg;NghH gq;fhsHfspd;

mj;jifa fsQ;rparhiyfs; ,t;thW cilf;fg;gl;lik

ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;fpd;w MAjj; jsghlq;fSk;

ghhpa Nrjq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; MAjj; jsghl njhopy;El;gKk;

ehly;yh ,af;fq;fsplk; Ngha;r; NrHtjw;Ff; fhuzkhapw;W.

fle;j ,uz;L jrhg;jq;fspy;> ghhpa Nrjq;fis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w

MAjj; jsghlq;fis ehLfSk;5 mury;yh ,af;fq;fSk;

gad;gLj;Jfpd;w mr;RWj;jy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT ghJfhg;Gg;

gpur;ridfisj; Njhw;Wtpj;jpUg;gJld;> ,jd; fhuzkhf

If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rig> If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr;

rigj; jPHkhdnkhd;wpid gpufldk; nra;tjÇlhf

MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpidj; jilnra;tjw;fhd eltbf;iffis

Nkw;nfhz;lJ. my;Fitjh Nghd;w ehlw;w ,af;fq;fs;

,j;jifa mZ MAjq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;Fk;

gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fkhd jkJ tpUg;gj;jpid ntspg;gilahfj;

njhptpj;Js;sd.6 gy;NtWgl;l msTfisAk; jd;ikfisAk;

nfhz;l ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;fpd;w MAjj;

jsghlq;fis cUthf;FtJ njhlHghd njhopy;El;g

kw;Wk; tpQ;Qhd tpguq;fis Muha;fpd;w cyfshtpa

ntg;jsq;fspy; ,izaj;js tplaq;fSk; vj;jifa

fl;Lg;ghLfSkpd;wp fpilf;fj;jf;fjhfTs;sikahdJ

midj;J ehLfSf;Fk; 'njspthd cghankhd;wpidf;

fhl;Lk;" mr;RWj;jyhf khwpAs;sJ. mRj;jkhd jd;ikfs;>

fjphpaf;fq;fspd; jPq;F tpistpf;Fk; $Wfspd; frpTfs;

vd;gdtw;wpd; fhuzkhf gutf;$ba jPq;Ffspd; jd;ik

,wg;G tPjq;fis mjpfhpf;fpwJ. tpistpf;fg;gl;l mr;rj;jpd;

fLikahd jd;ikahdJ If;fpa mnkhpf;fh kw;Wk; [p-

20 ehLfs; cl;gl mNef flg;ghL nfhz;l ehLfspd;

cyfshtpa ghJfhg;G Kd;Dhpikfspd; ikaj;jpy;

ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;Fk; MAjj; jsghlq;fspd;

ngUf;fj;jpidj; jilnra;Ak; tplaj;jpid Nkw;nfhs;sr;

nra;jJ.

1.2 MAjg;ngUf;fKk; MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F epjpaplYk;

Fwpg;gpl;l rpy trjpfs; NghJkhdstpy; ,y;yhik>

ghhpasT Nrjq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; MAjj; jsghlq;fspd;

jahhpg;Gr; nrad;Kiwiar; #o;e;J fhzg;gLk; rpf;fyhd

jd;ik vd;gdtw;wpd; fhuzkhf ghhpa Nrjq;fis

tpistpf;fpd;w MAjj; jsghlq;fis cw;gj;jp nra;Ak;

my;yJ Vw;fdNt jahhpf;fg;gl;l MAjq;fisf; nfhs;tdT

nra;Ak; Nehf;Fld; ehlw;w ,af;fq;fs; kw;Wk; NeHikaw;w

muRfs; trjpg;gLj;JeHfsplk; cjtp NfhUfpd;wd.

trjpaspg;gtHfspd; cjtpfs; MAjg; ngUf;fq;fspd; NghJ

my;yJ MAjq;fisg; ngUf;Ffpd;w VNjDk; fl;lq;fspd;

NghJ gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. MAjg; ngUf;fk; vd;gJ Njrpa

rl;lq;fSf;F my;yJ Vw;Gilj;jhdtplj;J gd;dhl;Lf;

flg;ghLfSf;F khwhf jahhpg;G> nfhs;tdT> clikapy;

itj;jpUj;jy;> mgptpUj;jp> Vw;Wkjp> khw;wpf; fg;gNyw;wy;>

juFj; njhopy;> Nghf;Ftuj;J> khw;wy;> ,Ug;Gf;fisf;

Ftpj;jy; my;yJ mZ MAjq;fis> ,urhadq;fis

my;yJ caphpay; MAjq;fisj; jahhpg;gJld; njhlHghd

nrad;Kiwfs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpid tpepNahfpf;fpd;w

topKiwfs; kw;Wk; njhlHghd %yg;nghUl;fs;

(rl;lj;jpw;F khwhd Nehf;fq;fSf;Fg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

njhopy;El;gtpay; kw;Wk; ,ul;ilg; gad;ghl;Lg; nghUl;fs;

,uz;Lk; cl;gl) vd;gdtw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,J

njhopy;El;gtpay;> nghUl;fs;> nkd;nghUl;fs;> gzpfs;

my;yJ epGzj;Jtk; vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;FfpwJ.

,ul;il gad;ghl;Lg; nghUl;fs; vd;gJ ghhpa Nrjq;fis

tpistpf;Fk; MAjj; jsghlq;fisj; jahhpg;gjw;fhff;

nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gLfpd;w nghUl;fs; vd milahsk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wnjdpDk; mtw;Ws; xd;Nwh my;yJ gyNth

jPq;fw;w my;yJ cw;gj;jpahf;f Nehf;fq;fSf;fhfTk;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w nghUl;fs; vdf; fUjg;gLk;.

MAjg; ngUf;fj;jpw;F epjpaply; vd;gJ epjpfis toq;FtJ

my;yJ jahhpg;G> nfhs;tdT> clikapy; itj;jpUj;jy;>

mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;> Vw;Wkjp> khw;wpf; fg;gNyw;wy;>

juFj;njhopy;> Nghf;Ftuj;J> khw;wy;> ,Ug;Gf;fis Ftpj;jy;

my;yJ mZ MAjq;fs;> ,urhadq;fs; my;yJ caphpay;

MAjq;fisj; jahhpg;gJld; njhlHghd nrad;Kiwfs;

kw;Wk; mtw;iw tpepNahfpf;fpd;w topKiwfs;

kw;Wk; njhlHghd %ytsq;fs; (rl;lj;jpw;F khwhd

Nehf;fq;fSf;Fg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd njhopy;El;gtpay;

kw;Wk; ,ul;ilg; gad;ghl;bw;fhd nghUl;fs; ,uz;Lk;

cl;gl) vd;gdtw;wpw;F epjpfis toq;Fk; eltbf;iffSld;

my;yJ nkhj;j my;yJ gFjpasT epjpapay; gzpfis

toq;FtJld; njhlHghdjhFk;. MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;fhd

epjpaply; mNjNghd;W ifNaw;G epjpfisg; gad;gLj;jp

trjpaspg;gthpd; gzpfs; nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gLtJld;

Ftpj;J itf;fg;gl;l %yg;nghUl;fs; ghhpa Nrjq;fis

tpistpf;Fk; MAjj; jsghlq;fspd; cw;gj;jpf;Fg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. NkYk;> MAjg; ngUf;fq;fSf;fhd

5 ehLfs; <uhf;> <uhdpa FbauR> nfhhpa rdehaf kf;fs; FbauR (my;yJ) tl nfhhpah> rphpah> ghfp];jhd;> ,e;jpah> Nakd;> ypgpah> nfhq;nfhq; rdehaff; FbauR vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;FfpwJ.

ehly;yh ,af;fq;fs;: my;Fitjh> Iv];Ivy;> n`];Gy;yh> vt;VMHrp> nghnfh `uk;> my;-rgh kw;Wk; Vida njhopw;ghl;lhsHfis cs;slf;FfpwJ.

6 ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;Fk; MAjg; gaq;futhjj;jpd; cyfshtpa rthy; (mj;jpahak; 7) I.mnkhpf;f uh[hq;f jpizf;fsk; https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/65477.pdf




xj; - jpnr 2018

epjpaply;> MAjg; ngUf;fk; - ,yFtpy; ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba

nghUl;fs; nfhz;L nry;yg;gLtjw;Fk; mgptpUj;jp

nra;ag;gLtjw;Fk; trjpaspf;fpwJ. mj;jifa nghUl;fspd;

mirTfSk; mgptpUj;jpAk; cyfshtpa cWjpg;ghlw;w

jd;ikf;Fg; gq;fspf;f KbAnkd;gJld; ,Wjpapy; MAjg;

ngUf;fj;Jldhd - ,yFtpy; ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba nghUl;fs;

gad;gLj;jg;gLkhapd; mJ ,Wjpapy; caphpog;Gf;fisNa

Vw;gLj;Jk;.

1.3 ,iwik ghjpf;fg;glf; $ba rhj;jpak;

gyaPdkhd fl;Lg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; vjpH topKiwfSld;

$ba cyfshtpa ,ilj; njhlHGj; jd;ikfs; ,ize;J

nfhz;lik vd;gdtw;wpd; fhuzkhf muR my;yJ

epahahjpf;fg; gpuNjrnkhd;W mjd; epjpapay; JiwapÇlhfg;

ghjpf;fg;glf;$Lk;. epahahjpf;fg; gFjpnahd;W mjd;

CLUtf;$ba vy;iyfs; kw;Wk; gyaPdkhd vy;iyf;

fl;Lg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; ,wf;FkjpÆ Vw;Wkjp mikg;Gf;fs;

fhuzkhfTk; ghhpasT Nrjq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk;. MAjj;

jsghlq;fs; my;yJ mJ njhlHghd %yg;nghUl;fs;

Fwpg;gpl;l ehl;bD}lhf kw;nwhU ehl;bw;F my;yJ ehlw;w

,af;fq;fSf;Fg; ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;Fk; MAjj;

jsghlq;fisj; jahhpg;gjw;fhf ngsjPf hPjpahf nfhz;L

nry;yg;gLtjdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;Fk; MAjj; jsghlg;nghUl;fis

ntWkNd fsQ;rpag;gLj;jp itj;jpUg;gjd; %yk; khj;jpuk;

MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;fhd rhj;jpakhd mr;RWj;jiy

ehnlhd;W nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gjid Vw;Wf;nfhs;s

KbahJ. jw;Nghija Afj;jpy; tiyaikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk;

njhopy;El;gtpay; Kd;Ndw;wq;fspd; fhuzkhf ve;jnthU

epahahjpf;fg; gpuNjrq;f@lhfTk; rhj;jpakhd MAjj;

jahhpg;ghsHfs;> MAj trjpahsHfs; xUthplkpUe;J my;yJ

mtUf;F epjpfs; ghaf;$ba jd;ikfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

epahahjpf;fnkhd;W gpd;tUk; ehd;F tiffspy; xd;wpidNah

my;yJ mjw;Ff; $Ljyhdtw;iwNah nfhz;bUf;Fkplj;J

mJ Fwpg;ghfg; ghjpf;fg;glf;$bajhff; fhzg;gLk;;.

i. caHe;jsthd gd;dhl;L epjpapay; gzpfs;

,lk;ngWfpd;w ,lk;: epjpapay; ikaq;fs; MAjj;

jahhpg;ghsHfs; rl;l hPjpahd epjpapliyr; Ruz;bf;

nfhs;tjw;fhd rhj;jpaq;fisf; nfhz;bUg;gJld;

MAj eltbf;iffis kiwj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; tHj;jf

hPjpahd topg;gLj;jy;fisAk; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdÉ

ii. gzk; J}ajhf;fYf;nfjpuhdÆ gaq;futhjj;jpw;F

epjpapliy xopj;jYf;F ,zq;Ftjpy; gyaPdkhd

kl;lk;: gyaPdkhd rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy;

fl;likg;Gf;fs; fhzg;gLk; epahahjpf;fq;fspy;

rl;lj;jpw;F khwhd epjpapay; eltbf;iffs;

mbf;fb ,lk;ngWjy;. Nkw;ghHit epWtdq;fspdhy;

thbf;ifahsiu EZf;fkhff; ftdpf;Fk; topKiwfs;>

,yf;fplg;gl;l epjpapay; jilfs; kw;Wk; gad;ngWk;

nrhj;Jlikf; fl;Lg;ghLfs; vd;gd gyaPdkhd

Kiwapy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wikahdJ rl;l

hPjpahd Ml;fs; my;yJ Vw;ghLfs; jilfis

Va;g;gjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;j trjpaspf;fpd;wdÉ

iii. mbg;gilahd MAjg; ngUf;f ,lHNeHT: MAjg;

ngUf;f ,lHNeHTfisg; ghjpf;fpd;w fhuzpfs; (mjhtJ

MAjg; ngUf;fq;fs; - ,yFtpy; ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba

nghUl;fisr; rl;lj;jpw;F khwhd tpjj;jpy;

efHj;Jjy;) MAjg; ngUf;fj;Jf;F epjpapLfpd;w

fUj;Jld; njhlHghdjhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. mj;jifa

fhuzpfs; njhlHghd If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr;

rigapd; jPHkhdq;fs; (mjhtJ ,ul;ilg; gad;ghl;L

cw;gj;jpfs;> MAjg; ngUf;fj;jpidf; nfhz;l

,yFtpy; ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba my;yJ ,uhZtg;

nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;w ifj;njhopy;fs;É

gd;dhl;L tHj;jfk; kw;Wk; fg;gw;gLj;jy; gzpfs;É

Gtpapay; hPjpapy; ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba jd;ikfs; kw;Wk;

jilfSf;Fl;gl;l ehLfspypUe;jhd ,uhrje;jpu

MszpapdH kw;Wk; Ml;fspd; gpurd;dk;).

iv. Vw;Wkjpf; fl;Lg;ghLfs;> Rq;fk; kw;Wk; vy;iyf;

fl;Lg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; Vida jahhpg;G topKiwfisg;

gyg;gLj;jy; - mbg;gilahd MAjg; ngUf;f

,lHNeHTfspd; msT Vw;Wkjpf; fl;Lg;ghLfs;

kw;Wk; Vida topKiwfisf; fhj;jpukhf

eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; jzpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.7

NkNyAs;s (iii) kw;Wk; (iv) njhlHgpy; ehl;bd; ,wf;Fkjp

kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp topfs; - JiwKfq;f@lhf ngsjPf

hPjpahd mr;RWj;jy;fs; Vw;gLtjw;fhd rhj;jpaq;fSz;L.

ehL> flw; Nghf;Ftuj;J ikakhf cUthff;$ba Gtpapay;

hPjpahd miktplj;jpw;fhd rhj;jpaj;jpidAk; murhq;fKk;

epHthfKk; JiwKfq;fspd; fg;gy; Nkilfspd; Vw;Wkjp

,wf;Fkjp msTfisAk; fg;gy;fs; te;J NghFk; Neu

msTfisAk; mjpfhpg;gjw;fhd rhj;jpakpUf;Fkplj;J

mj;jifa mr;RWj;jy; NkYk; mjpfhpf;Fk;. mj;jifa

,lq;fs; gyaPdkhd vy;iyf; fl;Lg;ghLfs; CLUtf;$ba

JiwKfj;jpyhd tHj;jfk;> khwpr;nry;Yjy;8 kw;Wk;

kPs; Vw;Wkjpf;fhf khw;wpf; fg;gNyw;wy;9 vd;gdtw;Wld;

,ize;jjhff; fhzg;gLkhapd; mJ ghhpa Nrjq;fis

7 MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F epjpaply; kPjhd epjpapay; eltbf;ifr; nrayzpf;FOtpd; topfhl;ly; (2018) gf;fk; 12-13

8 nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs; ve;ehl;bD}lhf ,lk;ngWfpd;wNjh me;ehl;bd; vy;iyfSf;F ntspNa Muk;gkhfp Kbtilfpd;w KOg;gazj;jpdJk; xU gFjpapy; gpuNjrj;jpidf; flf;fpd;w nghOJ khj;jpuk; ,lk;ngWfpd;w ,ilg;Nghf;fpYs;s nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs;

9 thbf;ifahsH eilKiwapd; fPo;> ,wf;Fkjpapd; nghUl;L nghUl;fspd; Nghf;Ftuj;jpy; nghUl;fis ,wf;FtJk; Vw;Wkjpfspd; nghUl;L nghUl;fis Vw;WtJk; ,lk;ngWk; re;jHg;gj;jpy; khw;wpf; fg;gNyw;wy; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; ,lk;ngwyhk;. mJ njhlHghd mHj;jk; xj;jjhfTk; NtWgl;ljhfTk; ,Uf;ff;$Lk;.




tpistpf;fpd;w MAjj; jsghlq;fSf;fhd nghUl;fs;

kw;Wk; ,ul;ilg; gad;ghl;Lg; nghUl;fSf;fhf MAjj;

jahhpg;ghsHfspdhy; gad;gLj;jg;glf;$Lk;. ehnlhd;W mjd;

nraw;glhj; jd;ikapd; fhuzkhfTk; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;l

ehL Nghd;W ,Ug;gjdhYk; mwpag;glhj jug;gpduhf khwp

ehlw;w ,af;fq;fSf;F my;yJ NeHikaw;w ehnlhd;wpw;fhf

mZrf;jp my;yJ ghhpa moptpid tpistpf;fpd;w MAjj;

jsghlq;fspd; Vida tiffSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;glf;$ba

MAjj; jahhpg;Gf;fSf;fhd nghUl;fis ,wf;Fkjp

nra;fpwJ. ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;Fk; cw;gj;jpfSld;

khj;jpuk; njhlHGglf;$ba VNjDk; %yg;nghUl;fspd;

rhj;jpakhd gad;ghL fhzg;gLk; Ntisapy; rptg;Gf;

nfhbfs; caHj;jg;gLfpd;wd. mj;jifa %yg;nghUl;fs;

G@l;Nlhdpak; my;yJ ANudpaj;jpidr; nrwpT+l;Lfpd;w

nrad;KiwfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba ,urha

rhuhk;rq;fisg; gphpj;njLf;fpd;w nrad;KiwapYk; Vida

mZrf;jpg;nghUl;fs; my;yJ ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;Fk;

MAjj; jsghlq;fs; rhHe;j fUtpfSf;fhditnad

Vw;fdNt milahsk; fhzg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. vdpDk;>

,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gLfpd;w ,ul;ilg; gad;ghl;bw;fhd

nghUl;fis milahsk; fhz;gjpYk; mjidj; jLg;gjpYk;

,lHg;ghLfs; Vw;gLfpd;wd.

,ul;ilg; gad;ghl;Lg; nghUl;fs; vd;gJ cw;gj;jpahf;fg;

nghUl;fs; my;yJ jPq;fw;wit vd milahsk;

fhzg;gl;l eilKiwg; gad;ghl;bidf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

vdpDk;> mj;jifa nghUl;fis my;yJ rhjdq;fis

mit <LgLj;jg;gl;Ls;s mjd; nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk;

njhopy;El;gtpaiy khw;Wtjw;fhd rpy nrad;KiwfspÇlhf

khw;wKbAk;. mjd; %yk; rhjdk; ghhpa Nrjq;fis

tpistpf;Fk; MAjj; jsghlq;fspd; cw;gj;jpf;Fk; cjTk;.

cjhuzkhf tY cUthf;fj;jpw;Fg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf

tsg;gLj;jg;gl;l ANudpaj;jpid kw;nwhU gad;ghlhd

MAjj; jahhpg;gpw;Fk; gad;gLj;jKbAk;> gFjpasT

kpd;flj;jpfis caH GFgjpif njhopy;El;gq;fSld;

nghJkf;fspd; gad;ghl;bw;Fk; mNjNghd;W ghhpa Nrjq;fis

tpistpf;Fk; MAjq;fspd; cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwf;Fk;

gad;gLj;j KbAk;. jPq;NfJk; gaf;fhj thndhyp kw;Wk;

njhiyf;fhl;rp xspgug;G vd;gdtw;wpw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;

nra;kjp njhopy;El;gf; fUtpfs; VTfizfSf;F topfhl;Lk;

njhopy;El;gj;jpw;Fg; gad;gLfpwJ> caphpidr; rhfbf;fpd;w

Ez;zq;fpfs; kw;Wk; caphpd KftH eltbf;ifapd;

%ykhf czTf; ifj;njhopYf;F mbf;fb gad;gLj;jg;gLk;

ciwa cyHj;jg; gad;gLk; njhopy;El;gk; caphpay; NghH

KiwfSf;Fg; gad;gLfpwJ.

,t;tplaq;fs; epahajpf;fnkhd;wpw;Fs; Eiotjid jil

nra;tjid cgha tHj;jff; fl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;gpidg;

gad;gLj;jp Nkw;ghHit nra;J jzpf;f KbAk;.

cyfshtpa jPtpu FOf;fs; gy;Gil Vw;Wkjpf; fl;Lg;ghl;L

mikg;Gf;fshf10 milahsk; fhzg;gl;bUg;gJld;

mur epWtdq;fs; mj;jifa ,ul;ilg; gad;ghl;L

%yg;nghUl;fisg; gl;bayplj; njhlq;fpapUg;gJld; ehLfs;

mtw;wpd; JiwKfq;fs; kw;Wk; Rq;f eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk;

nghUl;fspd; ,wf;Fkjpfs; mj;jifa Kiwikfs; ,ul;ilg;

gad;ghl;bw;fhd jtwhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wdth vd;gJ

gw;wpAk; mjd; gpd;dH mit gaq;futhj mikg;G my;yJ

ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;Fk; MAjj; jsghl cw;gj;jpahsH

ehl;Lld; njhlHGfisf; nfhz;Ls;s caH ,lHNeHTfisf;

nfhz;l epWtdq;fSf;Ff; flj;jg;gLfpd;wdth vd;gJ gw;wp

tpopg;Gld; ,Uf;FkhWk; vr;rhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

gFjp II - MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F epjpapLtjidj; jLg;gjw;F

fpilf;fj;jf;fjhfTs;s topKiwfs;

2.1 MAjg;ngUf;fky;yh jd;ik vjpH MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpidj;

jLj;jy;

,iwik nfhz;l ehnlhd;wpdhy; gpd;gw;wg;glf;$ba

MAjg;ngUf;fky;yh topKiwfSf;Fk; MAjg;

ngUf;fj;jpidj; jLf;Fk; topKiwfSf;Fkpilapyhd

NtWghl;bidf; fz;L nfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

MAjg;ngUf;fky;yhj Kaw;rpfs; vd;gJ ghhpa Nrjq;fis

tpistpf;fpd;w MAjj; jsghlq;fis clikapy;

itj;jpUf;fhj my;yJ cw;gj;jp nra;ahj my;yJ ghhpa

Nrjq;fis tpistpf;fpd;w MAjj; jsghlq;fis cw;gj;jp

nra;Ak; ,ayhw;wiy kw;iwa ehLfSld; gfpHe;J nfhs;shj

ehLfspypUe;J ngwg;gl;l flg;ghLfisf; Fwpf;fpwJ.

kWGwj;jpy; MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpidj; jLf;Fk; Kaw;rpfs;>

vy;iy jhz;ba ,wf;Fkjpfs; my;yJ kPs; Vw;Wkjpfs;

kw;Wk; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs; Nghd;w MAjg;ngUf;fj;Jld;

njhlHghd khw;wy;fs; kw;Wk; ,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;w epjpapay;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fis epWj;Jk; Kaw;rpfs; vd;gdtw;Wld;

njhlHGgLfpwJ. MAjg;ngUf;fky;yh topKiwfs;

fhj;jpukhdjhf ,Uf;Fkhapd; MAjg;ngUf;fj; jilf;fhd

topKiwfisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NjitapUf;fhJ.

cyfshtpa hPjpapy;> MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpidj; jil

nra;tjpy; gad;kpf;fjhf %d;W nghwpKiwfs; milahsk;

fhzg;gl;Ls;sd.

m) MAjg;ngUf;fky;yh cghaq;fs;:

MAjg;ngUf;fky;yh cghaq;fs; vd;gJ MAjq;fisg;

gad;gLj;Jk; mr;RWj;jiyj; jLg;gjw;fhdÆ

Fiwg;gjw;fhd nfhs;iffspYk; topKiwfspYk;

jPtpukhf <LgLtjidf; Fwpf;fpwJ. jPtpukhf <LgLk;

eltbf;iffis Njrpa hPjpahf my;yJ gd;dhl;L

10 th];dH FOkk;> mT];jpNuypa FOkk;> mZrf;jp epuk;gyH FOkk;> VTfiz njhopy;El;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;G vd;gd rpy FOkq;fshFk;.




xj; - jpnr 2018

hPjpahf> gpuhe;jpa mbg;gilapy; my;yJ cyfshtpa

hPjpahf> $l;lhf my;yJ ehLfshf my;yJ xU

ehl;bypUe;J kw;iwa ehL Ntwhf eilKiwg;gLj;jyhk;.

mj;jifa gy cghaq;fs; Kuz;ghLfs; Vw;gLk;

re;jHg;gq;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;l tifahd MAjq;fspd;

gad;ghl;bid my;yJ mjd; mr;RWj;jiyj; jil

nra;tJ> MAjq;fis clikapy; itj;jpUg;gtHfs;

,Ug;Gf;fisf; Ftpg;gjidf; Fiwj;jy; my;yJ

mtHfsJ MAjq;fnsy;yhtw;iwAk; NrHj;J

xopj;JtpLjy;> Gjpa nfhs;tdthsHfsplk; MAjq;fs;

guTtjid kl;Lg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; MAj tiffis

clikapy; itj;jpUg;gjid my;yJ ehnlhd;wpdhy;

my;yJ ehlw;w ,af;fnkhd;wpdhy; rl;lj;jpw;F khwhf

MAjq;fs; nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gLtjw;F cjTtjidj;

jil nra;tJ vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;fpAs;sd.

M) MAjg;ngUf;fky;yh cld;gbf;iffspy; <LgLjy;:

MAjg;ngUf;fky;yh cld;gbf;iffs; ehLfs;

Fwpg;gpl;l tifahd ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;Fk;

jsghlq;fisg; gad;gLj;JtjpypUe;Jk; my;yJ

mj;jifa MAjq;fis clikapy; itj;jpUg;gjid

my;yJ %d;whe;jug;gpdH mj;jifa MAjq;fisf;

nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;F cjTtjd; kPJ rl;l

hPjpahd flg;ghLfis cUthf;FfpwJ. ngUkstpw;F

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;L ehLfspdhy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;l

Kf;fpakhd MAjg;ngUf;fky;yh cld;gbf;iffshf

mZrf;jpay;yh MAjg;ngUf;f cld;gbf;if> ,urhad

MAjq;fs; rkthak; kw;Wk; caphpay; kw;Wk; er;R

MAj rkthak; vd;gd fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

m. mZrf;jp MAjky;yh cld;gbf;if - 1970,y;

eilKiwf;F te;jJ. ,t;Tld;gbf;ifahdJ

jw;nghOJ 191 ehLfis cld;gbf;ifj;

jug;gpduhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. mZrf;jp MAjky;yh

cld;gbf;if %d;W Kf;fpa Àz;fisr; Rw;wp

cUthf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. 1) mZrf;jp MAjq;fspd;

gutiyj; jilnra;jy; 2) nghJthdJk;

KOikahdJkhd MAjf; fistpid Nehf;fpg;

gzpahw;Wjy; 3) rkhjhd Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf

mZrf;jpiag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd chpikapid

mq;fPfhpj;jy; kw;Wk; rkhjhd Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf

mZrf;jpiag; gfpHe;J nfhs;tjw;F flg;ghL

nfhs;Sjy;> mZrf;jp MAjq;fis clikapy;

itj;jpUf;fhj ehLfs; (MAjkw;w ehLfs;)

jw;nghOJ mZ MAjq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;

ehLfs; (mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l mZrf;jp MAj

ehLfs;) vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wd. vdpDk;>

,e;jpah> ghfp];jhd; kw;Wk; tl nfhhpah vd;gd

fzprkhdsT mZ MAjq;fis itj;jpUf;fpd;w

ehLfshf tpsq;FtJld; mit mZrf;jpay;yh

cld;gbf;ifapd; gq;fhsHfshf ,y;yhj

fhuzj;jpdhy; cld;gbf;ifapd; fpisthrfq;fs;

mtw;iw gpzpf;ftpy;iy.

M. ,urhad MAj rkthak;: 1997,y; eilKiwf;F

te;jJ. ,urhad MAj rkthak; jw;nghOJ

192 cWg;G ehLfisf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

,t;Tld;gbf;ifahdJ cWg;G ehLfs; ,urhad

MAjq;fisg; gad;gLj;JtjpypUe;J my;yJ

khw;wy; nra;tjpypUe;J my;yJ mjid clikapy;

itj;jpUg;gjpypUe;J tpyfpapUj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;w

flg;ghl;bidf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ,urhadq;fs;

Vida %yq;fspypUe;J ngwg;gLtjdhy;

,urhad MAj rktha xg;ge;jk; ,urhadj;

jahhpg;gpw;fhd Kjw;nghUl;fis (,urhad ghhpa

Nrjq;fis tpistpf;fpd;w MAj jsghlq;fisj;

jahhpg;gjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;glf;$ba NtWgl;l

fyitfis cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;w ,urhad

vjpHtpidfspy; gq;Nfw;fpd;w ,urhad fyitfs;)

khw;wy; nra;tjidAk; jil nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;w

flg;ghl;bidf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ,urhad

MAj rkthak;> ,urhad MAj Kjw;nghUl;fs;

kPJ tHj;jf cghaf; fl;Lg;ghLfis tpjpg;gjw;Fj;

Njitg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ,urhad MAj rkthak;>

,urhad MAjq;fspd; cw;gj;jpf;fhf khj;jpuk;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; milahsk; fhZfpd;w

%d;W ml;ltizfisf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ

(ml;ltiz I). ,urhad MAjq;fSf;fhdit

jtpu rpwpa rl;l hPjpahd gad;ghl;bidf;

nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,urhadq;fs; (ml;ltiz II)

kw;Wk; nghJthd ,urhadg; gpuNahfq;fSf;Fk;

mNjNghd;W ,urhad MAjj; jahhpg;gpw;Fg;

gad;gLj;jg;glf;$ba rhj;jpaq;fisf; nfhz;l

,urhadq;fs; (ml;ltiz III) ,urhad MAj

rkthaj;jpd; fPo; Vw;Gilj;jhd ,wf;FkjpÆ

Vw;WkjpfSf;F Kd;duhd fl;Lg;ghLfs;

,urhadq;fSf;F chpj;jhd ml;ltizf;fpzq;f

NtWgLfpd;wd.11 cld;gbf;iff;Fs; cWg;gpdH

muRfis ,aYikg;gLj;jf;$ba Kf;fpa

mikg;G ahnjdpy; ,urhad MAjq;fisj; jil

nra;tjw;fhd mikg;ghFk;.12

11 ml;ltiz I - ,urhadq;fs; xUNghJk; khw;wy; nra;ag;glNt $lhJ> ml;ltiz II kw;Wk; III ,urhadq;fs; Vw;WkjpÆ ,wf;Fkjp xg;Gjy;fs; toq;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;djhfj; jPtpukhd ghpNrhjidf;Fl;gl;ljhFk;.

12 ,urhad MAjq;fisj; jLg;gjw;fhd mikg;G rphpahtpd; ,urhad MAjq;fspd; Nrjq;fis Nkw;ghHit nra;jikf;fhf 2013,y; Nehgy; ghpirg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lJ.




,. caphpay; kw;Wk; er;R MAj rkthak; - 1975,y;

eilKiwf;F te;jJ. jw;nghOJ ,J 179 cWg;G

ehLfisf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. cld;gbf;ifahdJ

,jd; cWg;gpdHfs; caphpay; MAjq;fis>

er;rpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;ltw;iw

clikapy; itj;jpUf;fNth tpepNahfk; nra;aNth

$lhJ vd;gjidf; fl;lhag;gLj;JfpwJ.

,q;Nf Muhag;gl;l MAjg;ngUf;fky;yh

cld;gbf;iffspy; kpfg; gyaPdkhdjhf ,J

fUjg;gLtJld; ,jd; eilKiwg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk;

topfhl;liy Nkw;ghHitapLtjw;fhd kj;jpa

gd;dhl;L rig vjidAk; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy.

mNef cWg;G ehLfspilNa Kf;fpakhd rl;l

kPwy;fs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l NghJk; xU rpy

ehLfs; khj;jpuk; caphpay; NghH MAjq;fisf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

,) MAjg; ngUf;fky;yhj; jilfspy; <LgLjy; kPjhd

If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdq;fs;

,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fk;> If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj;

jPHkhdq;fspd; fPo; tpLf;fg;gl;l MAjg;ngUf;fky;yhj;

jPHkhdq;fspid Muha;tjw;fhd mjpfhutuk;gpid

kl;Lg;gLj;JtjhFk;.

2.2 MAjg; ngUf;fj;jpidj; jzpg;gjw;fhd MAjnkhd;whf

,yf;fplg;gl;l jilfs;

,yf;fplg;gl;l jilfisf; nfhz;l fUJNfhs; ghhpa

Nrjq;fis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w MAjj; jsghlq;fspd; ngUf;fk;>

gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaply; kw;Wk; gzk; J}ajhf;fy;

vd;gdtw;iwj; jzpg;gjw;fhd vjpH eltbf;iffshfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,yf;fplg;gl;l jdpg;gl;ltHfs;>

epWtdq;fs;> ehlw;w ,af;fq;fs; kw;Wk; ehLfSf;nfjpuhf

jilr; rkthaq;fspdhy; Nfhug;gl;lthW cWg;gpdH

ehLfspdhy; jil topKiwfs; vLf;fg;gLk; Kiwapidg;

nghWj;Nj jilfs; fhj;jpukhditahf mikfpd;wd.

,f;fl;LiuahdJ> ,iwik nfhz;l ehnlhd;wpw;Fg;

gpuNahfpf;fj;jf;f If;fpa ehLfs; rhrdj;jpd; 41MtJ

cWg;Giuapd; fPo; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l 'td;Kiway;yh

topKiwfspd;" gFjpnahd;whf epjpj; Jiwapd; ,yf;fplg;gl;l

jilfs; njhlHghd tplaq;fis Muha;fpwJ.

,yf;fplg;gl;l epjpapay; jilfs; gy If;fpa ehLfs;

ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdq;fSld; njhlHghditahff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,yf;fplg;gl;l epjpapay; jilfs; ml;ltiz

1,y; vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s fPNo Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s If;fpa

ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdj;jpd; Kd;Dhpikf;

fUtpahf milahsk; fhzg;gl;Ls;sd.

,g;gpd;dzpapy;> ehnlhd;wpd; Njrpa rl;lf; fl;likg;G kw;Wk;

mjd; njhopw;ghLfSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd If;fpa ehLfspd;

jPHkhdj;jpidg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; gpd;gw;Wtjw;Fkhd

gd;dhl;Lr; rl;lj;jpd; jj;Jtq;fis Muha;tJ

nghUj;jKilajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

2.3 ,iwikAila ehnlhd;wpd; kPJ If;fpa ehLfspd;

jilfisg; gpuNahfpg;gJ njhlHghd gd;dhl;Lr;

rl;lj;jpd; jj;Jtq;fs;

nghJg; gd;dhl;Lr; rl;l MSifj; jj;Jtq;fs;>

gd;dhl;L cld;gbf;iffis kjpg;gjw;fhd

flg;ghl;bidf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ehLfs; jkJ cs;sfr;

rl;l epahahjpf;fj;jpy; mtw;iw epWtpg; gpuNahfpj;jy;

Ntz;Lnkdj; Njitg;gLj;JfpwJ. vdpDk;> gd;dhl;Lr;

rl;lk; ,iwikAila ehl;bd; cs;sfÆ cs;ehl;Lr;

rl;l KiwikfSf;Fs; jhf;fj;jpidg; gpuNahfpf;ff;$ba

tpjj;jpy; gd;dhl;L cld;gbf;iffspy; cs;slf;fg;gl;l

Vw;ghLfSf;Nfw;w tpjj;jpyhd Kiwapy; MSif

nra;ag;gltpy;iy. mj;jifa tplaq;fs; murpdhy;

jPHkhdpf;fg;gLtjw;F tplg;gl;Ls;sJld;> eilKiwapy;

ehnlhd;W cs;sfg; gpuNahfq;fSf;F mjd; gd;dhl;L

flg;ghLfis vt;thW gpuNahfpg;gJ vd;gJ njhlHgpy;

,uz;L mZFKiwfs; Kidg;ghd tfpghfj;jpid

Mw;Wfpd;wd. ,t;tpuz;L mZFKiwfshf ,ul;il

mZFKiw kw;Wk; xw;iw mZFKiw vd;gd

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;tpuz;L mZFKiwfspy;

,ul;ilj;jd;ik nfhz;l mZFKiwahdJ gd;dhl;Lr;

rl;lk; kw;Wk; cs;ehl;Lr; rl;lk; vd;gdtw;iw> gpd;dH

gpujpgypf;fg;gl;l jdpahl;fSf;fpilapyhd cwTKiw

kw;Wk; Kd;dH gpujpgypf;fg;gl;l ,iwikAila

ehLfSf;fpilapyhd cwTKiw vd ,U NtWgl;l

Kiwikfisf; fUJfpwJ. jdp mZFKiwahdJ>

gd;dhl;L cld;gbf;iffs;> mj;jifa jd;ik nfhz;l

cld;gbf;ifnahd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;fhd ,iwik

nfhz;l murpd; tpUg;ghtzj;jpD}lhfg; ngwg;gl;lit

vd;w cz;ikapypUe;J Njhw;wk; ngw;wpUg;gJld; mjd;

fhuzkhf ehl;bd; tpUg;ghtzj;jpd; ,ay;ghd tphpthf;fk;

cs;sfr; rl;lq;fSf;Fk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. jdp

mZFKiwapy;> ehnlhd;W mjd; ,iwahz;ikapid

kl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F my;yJ tiuaWj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F

tpUk;GtJld; ghuk;ghpakhd gd;dhl;Lr; rl;lq;fis

jd;dpaf;fkhfNt ehl;bd; cs;sfr; rl;lkhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpwJ

vd;gJ rl;lty;YeHfspd; thjkhFk;.

,J njhlHgpy;> ,yq;ifapdhy; gpd;gw;wg;gLk;

mZFKiwapidf; ftdpg;gJ Kf;fpakhdnjhd;whFk;.

,yq;if ,ul;il mZFKiwfisg; gpd;gw;WfpwJ. ,jpy;>

ehl;bd; murpay; ahg;G> cs;sfr; rl;l Kiwikf;fhd

rl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpa %yq;fisj; jUfpd;wJ. ,t;tZFKiwapd;

fPo; ,yq;if xOq;Ftpjpfs; %ykhf my;yJ gd;dhl;L

cld;gbf;if rl;lthf;f me;j];jpidg; ngWfpd;w Neuj;jpy;

typAWj;jg;gl;l mtrpakhd eilKiw rhHe;j tplaq;fis

eilKiwg;gLj;JtJld; ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; ,zf;fg;ghl;Lr;




xj; - jpnr 2018

nrad;KiwapÇlhfg; gd;dhl;L cld;gbf;iffisg;

gpd;gw;Wfpd;wJ.

If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdq;fs; gd;dhl;L

cld;gbf;ifnahd;wpd; - If;fpa ehLfspd; rhrdj;jpd;

jhf;fj;jpidg; gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ. jdp mZFKiwfisg;

gpd;gw;Wfpd;w ehLfs; cs;ehl;Lr; rl;lthf;fq;fSf;Fg;

gjpyhf If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdq;fisf;

nfhz;bUg;gjw;F jd;dpaf;fkhfNt efHfpd;wtplj;J> ,ul;il

mZFKiw mj;jifa jd;dpaf;fkhd mZFKiwapidj;

jil nra;fpwJ. ngUk;ghyhd ,ul;il mZFKiw ehLfs;>

gd;dhl;L topKiwfisj; jd;dpaf;fkhf Nkw;nfhs;tjd;

%ykhf ntspg;gilj;jd;ikapidj; jpUg;jpg;gLj;jy;>

cs;ehl;Lj; jilg; nghwpKiw kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l gpuirfspd;

chpikfisj; jtpHj;jy; Mfpa gpukhzq;fSf;Fl;gl;L mit

,tw;iw Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F rl;lthf;fk; ,aYikg;gLj;JfpwJ.

,yq;if ,ul;ilg; ghuk;ghpaj;jpidg; gpd;gw;Wk; ehnlhd;whf

tpsq;FtJld; ,aYikg;gLj;Jk; rl;lthf;fkhd 1968Mk;

Mz;bd; 45Mk; ,yf;f If;fpa ehLfs; rl;lj;jpidf;

nfhz;bUg;gJld; If;fpa ehLfs; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Mf;fg;gl;l

xOq;Ftpjpahf ,yq;iff;Fs; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F

If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdk; mDkjpf;fpwJ.13

If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigapd; topKiwfs;

fhj;jpukhd Kiwapy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLtjid ,ayr;nra;Ak;

tpjj;jpy; xOq;Ftpjpfis Mf;Ftjw;Fk; Njitahdtplj;J

Fw;wkpiof;Fk; my;yJ mt;thW tpLf;fg;gl;l

xOq;Ftpjpfis kPWfpd;w Ml;fis ifJnra;tjw;Fk;

tprhuizfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk; jz;lid toq;Ftjw;Fk;

If;fpa ehLfs; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ntspehl;L mYtyHfSf;Fg;

nghWg;ghd mikr;rUf;F mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.14

,ul;il mZFKiw If;fpa ehLfs; rl;lj;jpd; gphpT 2(2)

,d; fPo; NkYk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,r;rl;lj;jpd; fPo;

VNjDk; xOq;Ftpjpfs; Mf;fg;gLkplj;J> mJ Mf;fg;gl;l

gpd;dH ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;Fr; rkHg;gpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

,J gd;dhl;L xg;ge;jnkhd;wpw;F tYtspg;gjpy; ahg;G

hPjpahfj; njhpTnra;ag;gl;l rl;l rigapd; Nkd;ikapid

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; mJ tYtspf;fg;gl;lJk; gd;dhl;L

cld;gbf;iff;F rl;l hPjpahd mjpfhuk; toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

2.4 MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F epjpapLtjidj; jLg;gjw;fhd

If;fpa ehLfspd; mZFKiw

If;fpa ehLfs; rhrdj;jpd; mj;jpahak; vii ,d; fPo;

nra;ag;gl;l jPHkhdq;fspD}lhf MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F

epjpapLtjidj; jil nra;tjw;F If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr;

rig ,uz;L mLf;F mZFKiwapidf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.15

,jd; %yk; If;fpa ehLfspd; cWg;G ehLfSf;Ff; fl;lha

flg;ghLfs; tpjpf;fg;gLfpd;wd:

(m) If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdk; 1540,d;

fPo; cyfshtpa mZFKiw (2004) kw;Wk; mjidj;

njhlHe;J tUk; jPHkhdq;fs;:

,yf;fplg;gl;l ehLÆ ehlw;w ,af;fk; If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gj; jPHkhd ,yf;fk;

(tpLf;fg;gl;l Mz;L)

nfhhpa rdehaf kf;fs; FbauR> ,J> tlnfhhpah

vdTk; mwpag;gLfpwJ

1718 (2006), 1874 (2009), 2017 (2013), 2094 (2013), 2270

(2016), 2321 (2016), 2371 (2017), 2375 (2017) kw;Wk; 2397

(2017 jpnrk;gH)

<uhd; ,];yhkpa FbauR 1737 (2006), 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008), 1929 (2010) kw;Wk;

2231 (2015)

jypghd; 1267 (1999), 1988 (2011), Fwpg;gpl;l tpjptpyf;fy;fs; 2255

(2015), [1526 (2004) ,id Nkw;ghHit nra;tjw;fhf

If;fpa ehLfs; fz;fhzpg;Gf; FO epakpf;fg;gl;lJ]

Iv];Ivy; (jap];) my;Fitjh kw;Wk; ,ize;j

epWtdq;fs;

1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) kw;Wk; 2253 (2015) – [1526(2004)

,id Nkw;ghHit nra;tjw;fhf If;fpa ehLfs;

fz;fhzpg;Gf; FO epakpf;fg;gl;lJ]

ml;ltiz - 1

13 gphpT 2> 1968Mk; Mz;bd; 45Mk; ,yf;f If;fpa ehLfs; rl;lk;

14 IgPIb15 epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FO (2010) MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;fhd epjpapliyj; jilnra;tjd; kPjhd topfhl;ly; - ghhpa Nrjq;fis

tpistpf;Fk; MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpidj; jilnra;tjw;fhf If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdj;jpd; epjpapay; Vw;ghLfis eilKiwg;gLj;jy;> epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FO> ghp]; http://www.fatf-gafi.org/publications/fatfrecommendations/documents/guidance-counter-proliferation-financing.html




,it> ehlw;w ,af;fq;fspdhy; MAj jahhpg;Gf;fSld;

njhlHghd eltbf;iffSf;F epjpapLtjidj;

jilnra;jy; kw;Wk; ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;Fk;

MAjj; jsghlg; ngUf;fj;jpw;Fg; gq;fspf;ff;$ba

Vw;Wkjp kw;Wk; nghUl;fis khw;wpf; fg;gNyw;wy; vd;gd

njhlHgpy; epjpaply; Nghd;w epjpfs; kw;Wk; gzpfis

toq;Ftjd; kPJ nghUj;jkhd fl;Lg;ghLfis epWtp>

cUthf;fp> kPsha;T nra;J kw;Wk; NgzptUkhW

ehLfisf; Nfl;Lf;nfhs;sy; Mfpa ,uz;L gue;j

mbg;gilapyhd Vw;ghLfisf; nfhz;bUe;jd.

cyfshtpa mZFKiwapd; fPohd flg;ghLfs;:

,t;tZFKiwapd; fPohd flg;ghLfs;

jdpahditahff; fhzg;gLtJld; epjpapay;

eltbf;if nrayzpf; FOtpd; tpje;Jiug;G 7,d; xU

gFjpahfTk; mjd; tpsf;ff; Fwpg;gpidAk; cldbg;

ngWNgwhd 11 ,idAk; cs;slf;ftpy;iynadpDk;

epjpapay; eltbf;ifr; nrayzpf;FOtpd; tpje;Jiug;G

2 kw;Wk; ehnlhd;wpd; gzk; J}ajhf;fYf;nfjpuhdÆ

gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpapliy xopj;jy; mikg;gpd;

gpd;dzpapy; mjDld; njhlHghdtw;iwAk;

cs;slf;FfpwJ.

(M) If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdk; 1718

(2006) kw;Wk; If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj;

jPHkhdk; 2231 (2015) kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; (vjpHfhyk;)

njhlHe;JtUk; jPHkhdq;fspd; fPo; ehLfSf;fhd

Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l mZFKiw:

,t;If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdq;fs;

nfhhpa rdehaf FbauR kw;Wk; <uhd; ,];yhkpa

FbauR (<uhd;) vd;gdtw;wpw;nfjpuhf gpd;gw;wg;gl;l

ehL Fwpj;Jiuj;j jPHkhdq;fSld; njhlHGgl;ljhFk;.

nfhhpa rdehaf kf;fs; FbauR> If;fpa ehLfspd;

jPHkhdj;jpidj; jpUk;g kPwpaikapidj; njhlHe;J

me;ehL njhlHghd nraw;gug;G kw;Wk; jd;ikfs;

tphpthf;fg;gl;ld.

kWGwj;jpy;> <uhidg; nghWj;jtiuapy;> <uhd; kw;Wk;

ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;fpd;w MAjg;ngUf;fj;Jld;

njhlHghd jPHkhdq;fspd; Kd;ida Vw;ghLfis

,ilepWj;jpa ,ize;j midj;ijAKs;slf;fpa

eltbf;ifj; jpl;lkhdJ If;fpa ehLfs;

ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdq;fs; 1737 (2006)> 1747

(2007)> 1803 (2005)> 1929 (2010) vd;gdtw;iw

cs;slf;fpapUe;jnjdpDk;> ,j;jPHkhdq;fis

gpd;njhlHtjw;fhf Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l gy

vz;zpf;ifahd jdpg;gl;ltHfs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fs;

kPJ ,yf;fplg;gl;l epjpapay; jilfSk; kw;iwa

gy topKiwfs; cl;gl Gjpa Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l

fl;Lg;ghLfSk; epWtg;gl;Ls;sd.16

,yf;fplg;gl;l epjpapay; jilfspd; flg;ghLfs;:

epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FO tpje;Jiug;G

7,d; ehL - Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l mZFKiwapd; fPo;

,iwikAila ehnlhd;wpw;fhd flg;ghLfSk; cldb

tpisTfs; 11ck; epahahjpf;fj;jpw;fhd nghJthd

Njitg;ghLfSld; NrHj;J tpgukhf Muhag;gl;ld.

,f;fl;LiuahdJ> ,yf;fplg;gl;l epjpapay; jilfs; kw;Wk;

MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F epjpapLtjidj; jLg;gJ njhlHgpy;

,iwik nfhz;l ehLfs; vd;gdtw;iwf; ftdj;jpw;

nfhz;L ehL - Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l mZFKiwfis

Muha;fpwJ.

2.5 ,yf;fplg;gl;l epjpapay; jilfis milahsk;

fhz;gJk; If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj;

jPHkhdj;jpd; fPo; mjd; nraw;gug;Gk;

,yf;fplg;gl;l epjpapay; jilfspd; nraw;gug;gpidAk;

Fwpf;Nfhs;fisAk; milahsk; fhz;gJ> epjpapay;

eltbf;ifr; nrayzpf;FOtpdhy; toq;fg;gl;l mz;ika

topfhl;;;;;lYld; njhlHghdjhFk;. MAjj; jahhpg;gpw;F

epjpapLtJ njhlHghd ,yf;fplg;gl;l epjpapay; jilfisg;

gpuNahfpf;ff;$ba jd;ikfspd; epajpfspy; Muha;fpd;w

xUtH If;fpa ehLfs; rigapdhy; my;yJ ghJfhg;Gr;

rigapdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l njhlHghd FOf;fspdhy;17

Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l Ml;fspd; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fspd;

fpilf;fj;jf;fjhfTs;s mz;ika ngaHg; gl;baiyg;

ghHj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. gl;baypypUe;J ePf;Ffpd;wÆ NrHf;fpd;wÆ

jpUj;Jfpd;w Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l nrad;KiwahdJ jw;NghJ

tprhuiz epajpfspy; fl;lhakhdJ. If;fpa ehLfspdhYk;

FOf;fspdhYk; crhtg;gLk; Fwpj;Jiuj;jy;Æ gl;bayplg;gl;l

gpukhzq;fs; tUkhW:

(m) rl;lj;jpw;F khwhd eltbf;iffs;> MAjg;ngUf;fj;Jld;

njhlHghd ,yFtpy; ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba eltbf;iffs;

kw;Wk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; vd;gdtw;wpD}lhf mjpy;

<LgLfpd;w my;yJ MjuT toq;Ffpd;w Ml;fs;

my;yJ epWtdq;fs;É

16 epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FO (2010) MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;fhd epjpapliyj; jilnra;tjd; kPjhd topfhl;ly; ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;Fk; MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpidj; jilnra;tjw;fhf If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdj;jpd; epjpapay; Vw;ghLfis eilKiwg;gLj;jy;> epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FO> ghp]; http://www.fatf-gafi.org/publications/fatfrecommendations/documents/guidance-counter-proliferation-financing.html

17 (m) nfhhpa rdehaf Nrhryprf; FbauR - If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rig kw;Wk; ghJfhg;Gr; rig 1718 FO njhlHghdJÉ (M) <uhd;: If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdk; 2231 (2015) gpd;gw;wg;gl;likapidj; njhlHe;J Kd;ida 1737 FO ,ilepWj;jg;gl;likapd; fhuzkhfj; jw;nghOJ If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rig khj;jpuNk.




xj; - jpnr 2018

(M) Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l Ml;fs; my;yJ epWtdq;fspd;

rhHgpy; my;yJ mtw;wpd; gzpg;GiufSf;fpzq;f

ele;J nfhs;Sjy;

(,) Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l Ml;fs; my;yJ epWtdq;fSf;Fr;

nrhe;jkhd my;yJ mtw;wpdhy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLgitÉ

mj;Jld;

(<) jilfis Va;f;fpd;w my;yJ jPHkhd Vw;ghLfis

kPWtjpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l Ml;fs; my;yJ

epWtdq;fSf;F cjTfpd;w Ml;fs; my;yJ

epWtdq;fs;.

NkNyAs;s fpisthrfq;fs; (m) ,ypUe;J (<) tiuahdit

njhlHgpy;> <uhDf;fhd Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l gl;bay;fis

jPHkhdj;jpw;fhd ,izg;G M ,y; If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr;

rigj; jPHkhdk; 2231(2015),d; ge;jp 6(,) ,y; fhzKbAk;.

nfhhpa rdehaf Nrhryprf; Fbaurpw;fhd (m) ,ypUe;J

(,) tiuahd fpisthrfk; njhlHgpyhd Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l

gl;baiy If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdk;

1718(2006) njhopw;ghl;L ge;jp 8(<) vd;gdtw;wpy; fhzKbAk;.

Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l gl;baypYs;s epWtdq;fs;Æ Ml;fSf;F

[NkNyAs;s fpisthrfk; (<)] cjTfpd;w %d;whe;jug;G

epWtdq;fs;Æ Ml;fisg; nghWj;jtiu nfhhpa rdehaf

Nrhryprf; Fbaurpd; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l gl;bay;fis

If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdk; 2087(2013),d;

fPo; njhopw;ghl;Lg; ge;jp 12,Yk; If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr;

rigj; jPHkhdk; 2094(2013),d; fPo; njhopw;ghl;Lg; ge;jp

27,Yk; fhzKbAk;

,r;rk;gtq;fs; njhlHgpy;> epahahjpf;fg; gpuNjrj;jpw;Fs;

jPHkhdj;jpidg; gpd;gw;Wfpd;w ehspypUe;J> If;fpa

ehLfspd; cWg;G ehnlhd;W> NkNy milahsk; fhzg;gl;l

jPHkhdj;jpd; fPo; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l Ml;fSf;FÆ epWtdq;fSf;Fr;

nrhe;jkhd my;yJ Neubahf my;yJ kiwKfkhf

mtw;wpdhy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; my;yJ

epahahjpf;fj;jpd; fPOs;s epjpaq;fs;> Vida epjpapay;

nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu %ytsq;fs; jPHkhdj;jpd;

jpfjpapypUe;J my;yJ mjd; gpd;duhd Neuj;jpypUe;J

midj;ijAk; cldbahf Klf;Fjy; Ntz;Lnkd Nfl;Lf;

nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. NkYk;> ehnlhd;WÆ epahahjpf;fnkhd;W

Fwpg;gpl;l #o;epiyfs; kw;Wk; If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr;

rigapd; jPHkhdj;jpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l epiyikapd;

fPo; mj;jifa Ml;fs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fSf;Ff;

fpilf;fj;jf;fjhfTs;s epjpfs; my;yJ Vida nrhj;Jf;fs;

kw;Wk; nghUshjhu %ytsq;fs; fpilf;fhkypUg;gjid

cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. tpje;Jiug;G 7,d;gb>

,t;Ntw;ghLfs; ,lHNeHtpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;ljhfTk;

epWtdq;fs;Æ Ml;fspd; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l gl;baypYs;s

Vw;Gilj;jhd mHj;jq;fisf; nfhz;bUg;gJld; ,lHNeHT

Njhw;wg;ghL gpukhzkhf ,y;iy.

2.6 epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FOtpd; tfpghfKk;

,yf;fplg;gl;l epjpapay; jilfis eilKiwg;gLj;jYk;

,yf;fplg;gl;l epjpapay; jilfs; gw;wpa Muha;r;rpfspd;gb>

epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FOtpdhy;

Mw;wg;gLfpd;w tfpghfj;jpidAk; MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;fhd

epjpaplYf;nfjpuhd Kf;fpa topKiwnahd;whf If;fpa

ehLfspd; jilfis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjpy; Kf;fpa

tfpghfj;jpid Mw;Wfpd;w tpje;Jiug;Gf;fisAk;

milahsk; fhz;gJ kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FOthdJ> cyfshtpa

hPjpahff; fhzg;gLk; epahahjpf;fq;fspy; gzk;

Àajhf;fYf;nfjpuhd kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F

epjpaspj;jiy xopj;jy; mikg;gpw;F Mjutspg;gjw;Fk;

mjidg; gyg;gLj;Jtjw;Fkhf nfhs;iffisAk;

topKiwfisAk; cUthf;Fk; 'cyfshtpa nfhs;if

tFg;ghsuhfj;" njhopw;gl vz;ZfpwJ. gzk;

Àajhf;fy; njhlHghf mjpfhpj;JtUk; fhpridfisf;

fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; kf;fs;Æ Nghijg;nghUl;fisf; flj;Jjy;

kw;Wk; gd;dhl;L Fw;w eltbf;iffSf;Fj; jpl;lkpLjy;

vd;gdtw;iwj; jahhpg;gjw;Fkhf VO FOk ehLfspd; ([p-

7) cWg;G ehLfspd; mikr;rHfs; kl;l $l;lj;jpidj;

njhlHe;J epjpapay; eltbf;ifr; nrayzpf;FO 1989,y;

epWtg;gl;lJ.

md;W njhlf;fk;> [p-7 FOk ehLfs; 20 ehLfisf;

nfhz;l FOthf ([p-20)18 tphptile;jJld; gzk;

Àajhf;fYf;nfjpuhdÆ gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpapliy

xopj;jy; vd;gdtw;iw MSif nra;Ak; cyfshtpa

nfhs;iffs; gw;wp Muha;tjw;fhf Mz;LNjhWk; $bd.

epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FOtpd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fshf

epakq;fis Vw;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; gzk; J}ajhf;fy;>

gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaply; kw;Wk; gd;dhl;L epjpapay;

Kiwikapd; xUq;fpize;j jd;ikf;F mr;RWj;jYld;

njhlHghd tplaq;fSf;fhf rl;lk;> xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy;

kw;Wk; njhopw;ghl;L topKiwfspd; fhj;jpukhd

eilKiwg;gLj;jiy Nkk;gLj;jy; vd;gd fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

MfNt> epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FO 'nfhs;if

tFf;Fk; rig" Mf tpsq;FtJld;> ,J ,j;Jiwapy; Njrpa

rl;lthf;fk; kw;Wk; xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy; rPHjpUj;jq;fisf;

nfhz;L tUtjw;F mtrpakhd murpay; tpUg;ghtzj;jpid

cUthf;Ftjid Nehf;fpg; gzpGhpfpwJ.

epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FO Njitahd

topKiwfis eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ> gzk; J}ajhf;fy;

18 jw;nghOJ [p-20 19 ehLfisAk; INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpidAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. 19 ehLfshtd MH[d;hPdh> mT];jpNuypah> gpNurpy;> fdlh> rPdh> N[Hkdp> gpuhd;];> ,e;jpah> ,e;NjhNdrpah> ,j;jhyp> ag;ghd;> nkf;rpf;Nfh> u~;ah> rTjp mNugpah> njd; Mgphpf;fh> njd; nfhhpah> JUf;fp> If;fpa ,uhr;rpak; kw;Wk; If;fpa mnkhpf;fh.




kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jy; EZf;fq;fs;

kw;Wk; jil topKiwfs; vd;gdtw;iw kPsha;T nra;jy;>

nghUj;jkhd topKiwfis cyfshtpa hPjpapy;

gpd;gw;Wjy; kw;Wk; eilKiwg;gLj;jy; vd;gd njhlHgpy;

cWg;G ehLfspilNaahd Kd;Ndw;wq;fisf; fz;fhzpg;Gr;

nra;fpwJ. gd;dhl;L epjpapay; Kiwikapidj; jtwhd

gad;ghl;bypUe;J ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; Nehf;Fld; epjpapay;

eltbf;ifr; nrayzpf;FO> Vida gd;dhl;L MHtyHfspd;

xj;Jiog;Gld; Njrpa kl;lq;fspy; ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba

jd;ikapid milahsk; fhz;gjw;F Kad;W tUfpwJ.

epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FO gad;gLj;jp tUfpd;w

nghwpKiw ahnjdpy; rkkhdnjhU gq;Nfw;fpd;w kjpg;gPLk;

ehLfs; gpd;gw;Wtjw;fhf cyfshtpa hPjpapy; mwptpf;fg;gl;L

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l tpje;Jiug;Gf;fSkhFk;.

ehLfs; gzk; J}ajhf;fYf;nfjpuhdÆ gaq;futhjj;jpw;F

epjpaspj;jiy xopj;jy; mikg;gpid tYg;gLj;Jfpd;w

Nehf;Fld; epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FOtpdhy;

cUthf;fg;gl;l tpje;Jiug;Gf;fisAk; mjd;

gpd;dH fl;likf;fg;gl;l fye;Jiuahly;fs; kw;Wk;

,zf;fg;ghLfisAk; gpd;gw;WkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

40Mk; ,yf;fj;jpidf; nfhz;l ,t;tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs;

Kjypy; gzk; J}ajhf;fiy xLf;fptpLtjw;fhd gd;dhl;L

epaknkhd;whf 1990,y; Nfhl;ghLfs; cUthf;fg;gl;lJld;

1990fspd; gpw;gFjpapYk; fle;j xd;wiu jrhg;jq;fspYk;

gy khw;wq;fSf;Fl;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.19

If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpd; epA+NahHf;fpYs;s cyf

tHj;jf ikak; 2001 nrj;njk;ghpy; jhf;fg;gl;l

rk;gtj;jpid cldLj;J> gaq;futhjj;jpid xLf;FtJk;

gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpapLtjidj; jLg;gJk; epjpapay;

eltbf;if nrayzpf;FOtpd; tpje;Jiug;Gf;fSf;F 8

tpNrl tpje;Jiug;Gf;fshf (Nuhkd; vz; KiwfisAk;

Muk;g tpNrl tpje;Jiug;gpidAk; gad;gLj;jpajd; %yk;

NtWgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd) NrHf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ghhpa Nrjq;fis

tpistpf;fpd;w MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpd; cyfshtpa

mr;RWj;jy; mjpfhpj;J tUtjid mtjhdj;jpy;

nfhz;L MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jy; xd;gjhtJ

tpNrl tpje;Jiug;ghf NrHf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; %yk;

tpje;Jiug;Gf;fspd; vz;zpf;if 40+9 Mf milahsk;

fhzg;gl;lJ. ,t;tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs; epjpapay; Kiwikapd;

xUq;fpize;j jd;ikf;Fk; rkkhd tha;g;Gf;fs;

toq;fg;gLtjid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fkhd ,izf;fg;gl;l

gjpypWg;gpw;fhd mbg;gilapid cUthf;fpd. epjpapay;

eltbf;ifr; nrayzpf;FOtpd; tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs;

fhyj;jpw;Nfw;w tpjj;jpy; mit miktjid cWjpg;gLj;Jk;

tpjj;jpYk; njhlHghd tpjj;jpYk; jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gl;lJld;

mit cyfshtpa hPjpapy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl Ntz;LnkdTk;

vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ.

2012,y; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jpUj;jq;fs; fhuzkhf

MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jiy xopg;gjw;fhf

$l;bizf;fg;gl;l epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FOtpd;

tpje;Jiug;Gf;fis milahsq;fz;L nfhs;tJ

Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. NkYk;> epjpapay; eltbf;if

nrayzpf;FO> 40 tpje;Jiug;Gf;fspd; njhopy;El;gg;

gpukhzq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ njhlHgpy;

ehnlhd;wpd;Æ epahahjpf;fnkhd;wpd; fhj;jpukhd

jd;ikapid mstpLnkhd;whf 11 cldb ngWNgWfis

mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F epjpapLtjidj; jilnra;tJ

njhlHgpy;> epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FOtpd; 40

tpje;Jiug;Gf;fspy; 7 tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs;> ghhpa Nrjq;fis

tpistpf;Fk; MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F epjpaspg;gjw;nfjpuhd

,yf;fplg;gl;l epjpapay; jilfis eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ

njhlHgpy; epahahjpf;fq;fspypUe;J Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gl

Ntz;bait gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;fhd

epjpj; jilfs; kw;Wk; Njrpa xj;Jiog;G kw;Wk; ,izg;G

njhlHghd cldb ngWNgW 1,y; Fwpg;gpl;l %yq;fs;>

ehLfs; ,t;tpje;Jiug;Gf;fis vt;thW fhj;jpukhd

Kiwapy; Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wd vd;gjid mstpLtjid

Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;bUe;jd.

tpje;Jiug;G 7: MAjg;ngUf;fk; njhlHghd ,yf;fplg;gl;l

epjpapay; jilfs;:

'ehLfs;> ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;fpd;w MAjq;fisAk;

mtw;wpw;fhd epjpapliyAk; jilnra;jy;> xLf;Fjy; kw;Wk;

Fog;gepiy vd;gd njhlHghd If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr;

rigapd; jPHkhdq;fSf;F ,zq;fpnahOFjy; Ntz;Lk;.

,j;jPHkhdq;fs;> ehLfs; vt;tpj jhkjKkpd;wp epjpfisAk;

Vida nrhj;Jf;fisAk; Klf;f Ntz;LnkdTk; If;fpa

ehLfs; rhrdj;jpd; mj;jpahak; VII ,d; fPo; If;fpa ehLfs;

ghJfhg;Gr; rigapd; mjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l

Ml;fSf;Nfh my;yJ epWtdq;fSf;Nfh NeubahfNth

my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth vt;tpj epjpAk; kw;Wk; Vida

nrhj;Jf;fSk; fpilf;ftpy;iy vd;gjid cWjpg;gLj;j

Ntz;Lk; vdf; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld."20

epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FOtpd; tpje;Jiug;Gf;fspd;

fPo;> ,yf;fplg;gl;l epjpapay; jilfs;> If;fpa ehLfs;

epakq;fs; kw;Wk; nrhj;Jf;fis Klf;Ftjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs;

kw;Wk; gpd;tUk; If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr;rigj;

19 tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs; jw;nghOJ epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FOtpd; 40 tpje;Jiug;Gf;fisf; Fwpf;fpwJ. 2012,d; gpd;dH> 40 tpje;Jiug;Gf;fSld; 40+9 ,d; xd;WNrHe;j tpje;Jiug;Gf;fisAk; cs;slf;FfpwJ.

20 epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FOtpd; tpje;Jiug;G 7 (2012) epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FO> ghP];> gpuhd;];




xj; - jpnr 2018

jPHkhdq;fs; njhlHgpy; gpd;gw;wg;gLk; gl;bay;fs; gw;wp

KOikahff; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd:

� If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdk;

1989> my;Fitjh jilg;gl;bay; mjidj;

njhlHe;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l tplaq;fs;> jilfs;

Nghd;wtw;wpw;fhd jpUj;jq;fs;É

� If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdk;

1988 jilg;gl;bay; (jypghd;fs;) mjidj;

njhlHe;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l tplaq;fs;> jilfs;

Nghd;wtw;wpw;fhd jpUj;jq;fs;É

� If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdk; 2231

(2015) (<uhd;) epjpapay; jilg;gl;bay; mjidj;

njhlHe;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l tplaq;fs; jilfs;

Nghd;wtw;wpw;fhd jpUj;jq;fs;É mj;Jld;

� If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdk; 1718 (nfhhpa

rdehaf Nrhryprf; FbauR) epjpapay; jilg;gl;bay;

mjidj; njhlHe;J te;j gl;baypypUe;jhd

jpUj;jq;fs;.

ehLfspd; epajpfspy;> If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigapd;

jPHkhdq;fs; jw;nghOJ <uhd; kw;Wk; nfhhpa rdehaf

Nrhryprf; FbauR Mfpa ehLfSf;Nf Vw;Gilj;jhditahFk;.

If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhdq;fs; gpd;dhspy;

Mf;fg;gl;L> njhlHe;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jPHkhdq;fisAk;

cs;slf;fpapUe;jd. vdpDk;> If;fpa ehLfspd; cWg;G

ehLfs; jkJ nrhe;j mZFKiwapd;gb Fwpg;gpl;l

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; eltbf;iffis milahsk; fz;L

mtw;wpid If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj; jPHkhd

mikg;gpd; fPOs;s ehLfSld; Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;.

tplaq;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapy;> mj;jifanjhU eltbf;if

2018 Nk 20Mk; ehsd;W ,Wjpj; jpfjpia milAkplj;J

If;fpa mnkhpf;fh <uhd; njhlHghd elj;ijapidj;

jsHj;jpaJld; mj;jifa jsHj;jypid mg;gbNa

KOjhfj; njhlu Ntz;Lkh> jpUj;j Ntz;Lkh my;yJ

Gwf;fPL nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lkh vd;gJ gw;wp EZf;fkhf

Muhag;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

2.7 epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FOtpd; epakq;fis

,iwik ehLfs; kPJ gpuNahfpj;jy;

epjpapay; eltbf;ifr; nrayzpf;FOtpd; epakq;fisj;

Njitahd rl;l hPjpahd mjpfhur;rigfis

epWTkhWk; ,yf;fplg;gl;l epjpapay; jilfis

eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; eilKiwf;fpLtjw;Fk; nghWg;ghf

jFjptha;e;j mjpfhuq;fis epakpf;FkhWk; nghUj;jkhd

tpjj;jpy; xj;Jiog;gpw;fhd nghwpKiwnahd;wpidf;

nfhz;bUf;FkhWk;> ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;fpd;w

MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;fhd epjpapliy xLf;FkhWk; ehLfisf;

Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lJ.

epjpapay; eltbf;ifr; nrayzpf;FO epakq;fspd;

tpje;Jiug;G 7> If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rigj;

jPHkhdq;fspd; fPo; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ,yf;fplg;gl;l

epjpapay; jilfs; njhlHghf MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F

epjpapliy eilKiwg;gLj;JkhW ehLfisf; Nfl;Lf;

nfhz;lJ. tpje;Jiug;G 2> ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;fpd;w

MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F epjpapLtjid xopg;gjw;fhd

fhj;jpukhd Njrpa xj;Jiog;gpid eilKiwg;gLj;JkhWk;

nghUj;jkhdtplj;J xj;Jiog;Gg; nghwpKiwapid

eilKiwf;fpLkhWk; ehLfisf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lJ.

,t;tpje;Jiug;Gf;fis ehLfs; vt;thwhd fhj;jpukhd

jd;ikAld; eilKiwf;fpLfpd;wd vd;gjid mstpLk;

Nehf;Fld;> Njrpa xj;Jiog;G kw;Wk; ,izg;G njhlHghf

cldbg; ngWNgW 11 kw;Wk; cldbg; ngWNgW 1,d;

Fwpg;gpl;l $Wfs; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

,g;gphptpYs;s topfhl;ly;fisg; gpuNahfpf;Fk; NghJ>

ehLfs; gpd;tUk; nghJthd Nfhl;ghLfisg; ghprPyidapy;

nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;:

(m) ehLfs;> ,t;topKiwfisj; jkJ rl;lf; fl;likg;gpw;F

,zq;f eilKiwg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;É

(M) ,t;topKiwfis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

ehLfspd; Kaw;rpfs; ,ul;ilj;jd;ik nfhz;ldthf>

Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjpf; fl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;G my;yJ

Vw;fdNtAs;s kw;iwa ghhpa Nrjq;fis tpistpf;fpd;w

MAjj; jsghlq;fSf;fhd MAjg;ngUf;ff;

fl;Lg;ghLfis my;yJ Vw;fdNtAs;s epjpapay;

nghwpKiw> fl;Lg;ghLfisg; gpd;gw;WtjÇlhf

my;yJ tphpthf;FtjD}lhf my;yJ jil nra;tjpYk;

ghHf;fg; G+uzg;gLj;JtjpNyNa KOik ngWjy;

Ntz;Lk;É

(,) ehLfs; MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F epjpapLtJ njhlHghd

jkJ flg;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;ifapy; jkJ gzk; J}

ajhf;fYf;nfjpuhdÆ gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jiy

xopj;jy; fl;Lg;ghLfis caHj;jpf; nfhs;tjidg;

ghprPypj;jy; Ntz;Lk;É

(<) Nkw;ghHitaplg;gl;l epWtdq;fs; caH

,lHNeHtpidf; nfhz;l thbf;ifahsHfisAk;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fisAk; milahsk; fhz;gjd;

%yKk; mj;jifa thbf;ifahsH kw;Wk;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs; njhlHgpy; mjpfsT

ftdj;jpidr; nrYj;Jtjd; %yKk; If;fpa ehLfs;

ghJfhg;Gr; rigapd; ,j;jPHkhdq;fsJ Vw;ghLfSf;F

,zq;fpnahOFtjid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

nghUj;jkhd gpd;njhlH eltbf;iffis vLg;gjd;

%yKk; ,t;topKiwfSf;F ,zq;fpnahOf KbAk;É

(c) Nkw;ghHitaplg;gl;l epWtdq;fs; jFjptha;e;j

mjpfhhpfspdhy; toq;fg;gl;l njhlHghd jfty;fisg;




ghprPypg;gjd; %yKk; mtHfsJ thbf;ifahsiu

EZf;fkhff; ftdpf;Fk; epfo;;r;rpj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk;

jw;NghJs;s gzj;jpid J}ajhf;fYf;nfjpuhd

gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaspj;jiy xopj;jy; flg;ghLfspd;

NghJ milahsk; fhzg;gl;l caH ,lHNeHtpidf;

nfhz;l thbf;ifahsHfisAk; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs;

cl;gl jw;nghOJ Nrfhpf;fg;gl;LtUk; jw;NghJs;s

thbf;ifahsH kw;Wk; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs;

%yKk; nghJthf Kfhikg;gLj;jg;gl;L mtHfs;

,lHNeHTfSf;Fs;shFk; jd;ikapidj; jzpj;Jf;

nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;É

(C) Nkw;ghHitaplg;gl;l epWtdq;fs; milahsk; fhzg;gl;l

caH ,lHNeHtpidf; nfhz;l thbf;ifahsHfs;

kw;Wk; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fSld; njhlHGgl;l

Nkyjpfj; jfty;fisr; Nrfhpg;gjw;Fk; mj;jifa

caH ,lHNeHtpidf; nfhz;l thbf;ifahsH kw;Wk;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs; gw;wpa tplaq;fisj; jw;NghJ

,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;wÆ mjpfhpf;fg;gl;l fz;fhzpg;gpYk;

epahakhd Kaw;rpapid Nkw;nfhs;sg; ghprPypj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;É

(v) Nkw;ghHitaplg;gl;l epWtdq;fs; ,lHNeHtpid

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l mZFKiwapidg;

gad;gLj;j Cf;Ftpj;jy;É

(V) epjpapay; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fSld; njhlHGgl;l

my;yJ MAjg;ngUf;f eltbf;iffspdhy;

ngUkstpw;Fg; ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba fzf;Ffis my;yJ

thbf;ifahsHfisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; epWtdq;fis

mjpfhpf;fg;gl;l fz;fhzpg;gpd; fPo; itj;jpUj;jy;É

(I) ehLfs; 45> epjpapay; gzpfis toq;Ftjidj;

jilnra;tjw;fhf> jkJ epahahjpf;fq;fspYs;s

tq;fpfSld; nfhhpa rdehaf Nrhyprf; Fbaurpd;

tq;fpfs; njhlHGfis cUthf;fTk; NgZtjw;Fkhd

njhlHGfis epWTtjpypUe;Jk; jilnra;jy;

Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; mjpfhpj;j Nkw;ghHitapidAk;

fz;fhzpg;gpidAk; ghprPyidapy; nfhs;Sjy;

Ntz;Lk;.21

KbTiu

KbTiuapy;> jilfs; mtw;wpd; Muk;gepiyapypUe;Jk;

ngUkstpw;Fg; ghpzhkkile;Js;sik typAWj;jg;gLtJld;

MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;fhd epjpaply; Nghd;w rpf;fyhd

gpur;ridfisf; ifahs;tjw;fhd fUtpnahd;whfTk;

jw;nghOJ milahsk; fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,yf;fplg;gl;l

epjpapay; jilfs; ,yf;fplg;gl;l jdpg;gl;ltHfs; my;yJ

epWtdq;fis (rl;l hPjpahd Ms;Æ Vw;ghLfs;) milahsk;

fhz;gJld; mj;jifa jilfisf; fhj;jpukhd Kiwapy;

eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd nghWg;gpid epjpapay; epWtdq;fs;

kPJk; Vida MHtyHfsplKk; Rkj;Jfpd;wd. milahsk;

fhzg;gl;l jdpg;gl;ltHfs; my;yJ epWtdj;jpw;Fr;

nrhe;jkhd nrhj;Jf;fs; jhkjkpd;wp Klf;fg;gLtJld;

mt;thW Nkw;nfhs;tJ If;fpa ehLfs; rigapy;

cWg;gpduhf ,Ue;JtUk; ,iwikAila ehnlhd;wpd;

flg;ghLk; nghWg;GkhFk;. eilKiwf; fhuzq;fspd;

fhuzkhf VNjDk; re;jHg;gq;fspy; vjpHghHf;fg;gLk; VNjDk;

jhkjq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l epjpapay; JiwapypUe;J epjpfs;Æ

nrhj;Jf;fs; mfw;wg;gl;L NtWtopfspy; mDg;gg;glyhk;

my;yJ mjpfhhpfspd; ghHitapypUe;J kiwf;fg;glyhk;.

nry;Ygbahff;$ba jd;ikapidf; fhyj;jpw;Nfw;w tpjj;jpy;

NgZtjw;Fk; If;fpa ehLfs; rigapdhy; toq;fg;gl;l

gl;baiyAk; njhlHghd FOf;fisAk; njhlHr;rpahf

,w;iwg;gLj;JtJ ,iwikAila epahahjpf;fj;jpw;F

Kf;fpakhdnjhd;whFk;. ehnlhd;W gaq;futhjk; kw;Wk;

MAjg;ngUf;fj;jpw;F epjpaply; vd;gdtw;wpw;nfjpuhd

cyfshtpa Nghhpid tYg;gLj;Jtjpy; gq;nfLg;gjw;fhd

flg;ghl;bidf; nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lnkd;gJld;

If;fpa ehl;bd; cWg;gpdH ehnld;w Kiwapy; gd;dhl;L

flikapid Nkw;nfhs;tjidg; gpujpgypf;fpd;w tpjj;jpy;

MjuT topKiwfis Nkw;nfhs;SjYk; Ntz;Lk;.

crhj;Jiz E}y;fs;:

Financial Action Task Force. (2012, February). FATF

Recommendations and Interpretative Notes. Paris, France: FATF.

Financial Action Task Force. (2018, February). Guidance on Counter

Proliferation Financing - The Implmentation of Financial

Provisions of United Nations Security Council Resolutions

to Counter the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction.

Retrieved from FATF Web:http://www.fatf-gafi.org/publications/fatfrecommendations/document/guidance-counter-proliferation-

financing.html

The United Nations Act, No. 45 of 1968. (n.d.). Sri Lanka

US State Department. (n.d.). The Global Challenge of WMD

Terrorism. Washington DC: US State Department.

White House. (2002). National Strategy to Combat Weapons of

Mass Destruction. Retrieved from White House Web: https://

www.state.gov/documents/organization/65477.pdf

21 IgPIb> epjpapay; eltbf;if nrayzpf;FOtpd; topfhl;ly; Fwpg;G




xj; - jpnr 2018

gzj;jpidg; gw;wpAk; gzj;jpd; njhopw;ghLfs; gw;wpAk;

tpsf;Fk; NghJ gzKk; nry;tKk; ,U NtWgl;l

gjq;fshff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. gzj;jpid <l;bf; nfhs;tJ

nry;tj;jpid <l;bf; nfhs;tjpypUe;Jk; NtWgLfpd;wJ.

nry;tj;jpid cUthf;Fk; nghUl;L ,aw;if

%ytsq;fisAk; mNjNghd;W kdpj NjHr;rpiaAk;

gad;gLj;jpg; nghUl;fs; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.

nry;tj;jpid <l;bf; nfhs;Sk; ntspaPL nghUl;fs;

kw;Wk; gzpfs; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy;>

Fwpg;gpl;l rpy milahskhd tplaq;fs; gzj;jpid

<l;bf; nfhs;tjw;fhfr; Nrfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. gzj;jpid

<l;bf; nfhs;tjpy; milahs tplakhdJ 'ehzak;"

vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt> nghUl;fisAk;

gzpfisAk; 'ehzaj;jpid" gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tdT

nra;aKbAk;.

nghJthf> ehzaj;jpd; gad;ghL Njrpa kl;lj;jpy;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. cyfpYs;s vy;yh ehLfSf;Fk;

nghJthd 'ehzak;" vJTk; ,y;iy. ngaUk;

ehzaj;jpd; milahsKk; ehl;bw;F ehL NtWgLfpd;wJ.

Njrpa ehzaq;fspd; rpy cjhuzq;fs; fPNoAs;s

ml;ltizapy; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

njhlH

,yf;fk;ehL ehza myF

1

2

3

4

5

If;fpa mnkhpf;fh

If;fpa ,uhr;rpak;

ag;ghd;

gpuhd;];

rPdh

I.m.nlhyH

];NlHypq; gTz;

nad;

A+Nuh

Athd;

ehLfspilNa ,e;ehzaq;fSf;fhd nghJthd

cld;gbf;iffSk; gpukhzq;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd>

mNjNtis> 19Mk; E}w;whz;L fhyg;gFjpapy; jdpg;gl;l

ehzaq;fspy; tsHr;rp fhzg;gl;lJ.

jdpg;gl;l ehzaq;fs;

jdpg;gl;l fk;gdpfs;Æ mikg;Gf;fspdhy; ntspaplg;gl;l

ehzaf; $Wfs; 'jdpg;gl;l ehzaq;fs;" vd

nka;epfH ehzak;:

njhpe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;ba Njitfs;

nghJkf;fs;

kpfhuh v];. `e;Jd;Nf> gpuhe;jpa KfhikahsH

v]; Fzuj;jd> %j;j KfhikahsH

gpuNjr mYtyfk; - khj;jiw

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp




miof;fg;gl;ld. ,j;jdpg;gl;l ehzaq;fs; Njrpa

ehzaq;fSf;F khw;whfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

jdpg;gl;l ehzaq;fs; rpy ehLfspd; murhq;fq;fspdhy;

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glhj NghJk; jdpg;gl;l ehzaq;fis

Vw;Wf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;w ehLfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

nghJthf> ,j;jdpg;gl;l ehzaq;fs; jq;fk;> nts;sp

Nghd;w gpizaq;fSf;nfjpuhf ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd.

mt;thW ntspapLfpd;wtHfs; ,g;gpizaq;fspd;

fPo; ghJfhg;GilatHfshf ,Uf;fpd;wdH. NkYk;>

gztPf;fr; #o;epiyfspYk; $l> ghpkhw;wk; nra;ag;gl;l

nghUl;fspd; ngWkhdq;fs; mjpfhpj;jikapd;

fhuzkhf> jdpg;gl;l ehzaq;fspd; ngWkhdq;fs;

ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

2018Mk; Mz;bd; eLg;gFjpapy; If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpy;

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l jdpg;gl;l ehzaq;fs; ,d;dKk;

gad;ghl;bYs;sd. cjhuznkhd;whf ',jhfh mtH];"

vd;w ngaH nfhz;l mr;rplg;gl;l ehzak; jdpg;gl;l

ehzaj;jpw;F Gfo;ngw;wJ. ,J epA+NahHf;fpy;

,jhfhtpy; 1991 ,ypUe;J gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ.

,g;nghwpKiwapd; fPo; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; gq;Nfw;fpd;w

njhopyhsHfs; ',jhfh mtH];" ,id cioj;J

mjpNyNa nfhs;tdT nra;ayhk; vd;gJld;

mtHfs; ,j;jdpg;gl;l ehzaj;jpid ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy;

nghUl;fisAk; gzpfisAk; nfhs;tdT nra;ag;

gad;gLj;jyhk;. krhRnrl;b]; NgHf;nrahH];

gpuhe;jpaKk; Gfo;ngw;w jdpahH ehzankhd;wpidf;

nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,J 'NgHf;nrahH];" vd

miof;fg;gl;lJ. 'NgHf;nrahH];" 2016 nrj;njk;gH

29Mk; ehsd;W mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. mYty;rhH

ntg;jskhd 'NgHf;nrahH];" ,d;gb> Vwj;jho 400

cs;@H tpahghhpfs; ,j;jdpg;gl;l ehzaq;fSld;

gjpTnra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;wdH. NgHf;nrahH];

gpuhe;jpaj;jpYs;s mjpfhhpfs; ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpw;Fs;

%yjdj;jpidj; jhq;fpg;gpbf;fTk; NgHf;nrahH];

,idg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpYs;s

tpahghu r%fj;jpdUf;Fk; tjpNthUf;FkpilNa

tYthd cwTfisf; fl;bnaOg;gTk; cjTnkd

vjpHghHf;fpd;wdH. ,J xU fUtpahfTk; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

,J rKjha kf;fspd; nghUshjhuj;jpw;Fk; mNjNghd;W

gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; jd;dpiwTg; nghUshjhuj;jpid

mgptpUj;jp nra;aTk; cjTk;.

jdpg;gl;l ehzaq;fs; ,q;fpyhe;jpYk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L

tUtjidf; ftdpg;gJ ed;ikjUk;. 'nuhl;d]; gTz;l;"

vd miof;fg;gLk; jdpg;gl;l ehzak; ,q;fpyhe;jpd;

nuhl;d]; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; Gfo;ngw;wnjhd;whFk;.

'nuhl;d]; gTz;l;" 2007 khr;rpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

,e;Neuj;jpy; nuhl;d]; gTzpd; ngWkjp ];NlHypq;

gTzpd; ngWkjpf;Fr; rkdhdjhf epHzapf;fg;gl;lJ.

,J ];NlHypq; gTzpy; Ngzg;gl;l tq;fp epYitapd;

%yk; gpizaplg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,j;jdpg;gl;l ehzak;

,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpYs;s tpahghhpfspdhy; ftug;gl;bUe;jJ.

jdpg;gl;l ehzaq;fSf;fhd NtW rpy cjhuzq;fshf

'yptp]; gTz;" (2008)> 'gpwpf;];ud; gTz;" (2009)

'];uTl; gTz;" 2009 kw;Wk; 'gpwp];uy; gTz;"

vd;gd fhzg;gl;ld. 'gpwp];uy; gTz;" ,yj;jpudpay;

nfhLg;gdTfSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 'fy;fhwp-

nlhyH" kw;Wk; nuhwd;Nuh nlhyH" vd;gd fdlhtpy;

gpugy;akhd jdpg;gl;lehzaq;fshFk;. MapDk;>

fdlhtpy; jdpg;gl;l ehzaj;jpw;Fr; rl;l hPjpahd

Vw;Gilj;jd;ik vJTkpy;iy. jdpg;gl;l ehzaq;fs;

Nkhrbahd Kiwapy; mr;rplg;gl;likf;fhd

re;jHg;gq;fs; rpyTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ngHzhl; nthd;

nehl;N`h]; vd;gtH gzk; J}ajhf;fy;> mQ;ry; Nkhrb>

Nghyp ehzak; kw;Wk; 1998 - 2004 fhyg;gFjpapy;

'ypNgHl;b nlhyH"fis ,ufrpakhf ntspapl;lik

vd;gdtw;wpw;fhf 2011,y; ifJ nra;ag;gl;bUe;jhH.

b[pl;ly; ehzaq;fs;

njhopy;El;gtpay; Kd;Ndw;wq;fSld; 'jdpg;gl;l

ehzak;" vd;w Nfhl;ghL cyfshtpa hPjpapy;

tphptile;jpUf;fpwJ. vdNt> ,jd; Nkk;gl;l gjpg;G

'b[pl;ly; ehzak;" vd ngaH nfhz;L miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

b[pl;ly; ehzaj;jpw;fhd Gjpa MAs; b[pl;ly;

'N`hy;l; ehzak;" kw;Wk; ,-N`hy;l;" vd;gd 1996,y;

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJld; Muk;gkhdJ. b[pl;ly;

ehzak; 'kiwFwp ehzak;" vdTk; miof;fg;gl;lJ.

vdpDk;> b[pl;ly; ehzak; jw;nghOJ cyfshtpa

gad;ghl;bidf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. b[pl;ly; ehzaq;fs;

Njrpa ehzaq;fspd; nghJthd rpy gz;Gfisf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. b[pl;ly; ehzak; vd;gJ

nfhLg;gdT Kiwik njhopy;El;gkhf ,Ug;gJld;

nfhLg;gdTfisr; nra;tjw;fhd milahskhfTk;

fhzg;gLfpwJ. KfE}y;> itgH Nghd;w r%f

tiyj;jsq;fspd; gad;ghl;by; Vw;gl;l mz;ika

tsHr;rp b[pl;ly; ehzaq;fspd; gad;ghl;bd; tphptpd;

kPJ jhf;fj;jpidf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. mj;jifa

tphpthf;fj;jpw;fhd ,d;ndhU fhuzkhf 'xd;iyd;

ntfh]; frpNdh" Nghd;w xd;iyapd; #jhl;l




xj; - jpnr 2018

#o;epiyfs; ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. b[pl;ly; ehzaq;fs;

ghpkhw;W ClfkhfTk; fzf;F mynfhd;whfTk; b[pl;ly;

r%fj;jpYs;s cWg;gpdHfspilNa ghpkhw;wg;gLfpd;wd.

b[pl;ly; ehzaq;fs; ghJfhg;gpidAk;

ek;gfj;jd;ikapidAk; nfhz;ldthFk;. vdNt>

ehzaj;jpd; mbg;gilg; gz;ghf tpsq;Fk; fsQ;rpa

khjphpnahd;whf vt;thW njhopw;gLfpd;wJ vd;gjpy;

re;Njfk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk;> ,lHNeHtpid

vjpHnfhs;Sk; Ml;fs;> ,J ntspaPl;lhsHfSf;F

khj;jpukhdjh my;yJ nghUshjhuj;jpd; kPJk; VNjDk;

jhf;fj;jpidf; nfhz;Ls;sjh vd;gd Nghd;w ,t;tiff;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; ,lHNeHtpid mwpe;jpUj;jy;

Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

2015,y; INuhg;gpa kj;jpa tq;fpapd; mwpf;ifapy;

fhl;lg;gl;l tiutpyf;fzkhd 'nka;epfH ehzaj;

jpl;lq;fs; - NkYnkhU gFg;gha;T" ,w;F

,zq;f nka;epfH ehzankd;gJ ngWkjpapd;

b[pl;ly; gpujpepjpj;Jtnkhd;whFk;. ,J kj;jpa

tq;fpapdhy;> nfhLfld; epWtdj;jpdhy; my;yJ

,-gz epWtdj;jpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;lnjhd;wy;y.

rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; gzj;jpw;F khw;whfg;

gad;gLj;jf;$banjhd;whFk;. vdpDk;> 2012 xj;NjhgH

khjj;jpd; mtHfsJ Kd;ida mwpf;ifapy;> nka;epfH

ehzak; vd;gJ xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jg;glhj xUtif

b[pl;ly; ehzak; vd tiutpyf;fzk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

,J toikahf mjd; mgptpUj;jpahsHfspdhy;

ntspaplg;gl;L mjd; mgptpUj;jpahsHfspdhy;

fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLtJld; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l nka;epfH

r%fj;jpd; cWg;gpdHfspilNa gad;gLj;jg;gLtJld;

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glTk; $bajhftpUe;jJ.

b[pl;ly; ehzaq;fSf;fhd nghJthd cjhuzq;fshf

'gpl;nfhapd;"> 'ypl;nfhapd;" kw;Wk; 'vjphpak;" Nghd;w

kiwFwp ehzaq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. kw;Wk; rpy

kiwFwp ehzaq;fshf 'wpg;gps;"> 'fhHnlNdh">

'];NlHypd;"> 'epNah"> 'net;"> 'xkprpNfh" kw;Wk;

'nkhdpNuh" vd;gd tpsq;Ffpd;wd.

gpl;nfhapd;

gpl;nfhapd; 2008,y; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,J kHkk;

epiwe;j gz;Gfisf; nfhz;l rl;Nlh~p efNkhl;Nlh

vd;gthpdhy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,tUila

cz;ikahd milahsq;fs; mwpag;gltpy;iy.

cyfg; Gfo;ngw;w NthHg;]; rQ;rpif gpl;nfhapd; vdg;

ngahplg;gl;l ,jidj; 'jdpg;gl;ltHfSf;fpilapyhd

nghJthd nryhtzpg; nghwpKiwahf> cyfpy;

vt;tplj;jpyhtJ ghuk;ghpa epjpapay; Kiwikapd;

fPo; kpd;dQ;ry; Ntfj;jpy; kpff; Fiwe;j nrytpy;

,lk;ngWtjhFk;" vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. gpl;nfhapd; 2009

rdthpapy; efNkhl;Nlhtpd; NkNyhl;lkhd jpl;lj;jpd;

%yk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJld; ,yj;jpudpay; fhR

Kiwikf;fhd 'xd;Wf;nfhd;W rkk;" vd;w xd;gJ

gf;f Kd;nkhoptpidAk; nfhz;bUe;jJ. G@k;NgHf;

KiwikahdJ 21 kpy;ypad; gpl;nfhapd;fisr;

Nrfhpg;gjw;F xg;Gjyspj;jpUg;gJld; filrp

gpl;nfhapd; 2140Mk; Mz;by; ntspaplg;gLnkdTk;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJ. nfhLf;fy;thq;fYf;F

gpl;nfhapidg; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ nryT Fiwthf

,Ug;gJld; mit tq;fpfisg; nghWj;jtiuapy;

xOq;FtpjpfSf;F cl;gl;ldthfTkpy;iy. gpl;nfhapd;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fSf;F ,ilNaw;ghl;bidf;

nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;ba mtrpankJTkpy;iy.

gpl;nfhapd; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F

tq;fpg; gzpfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;w

Njitg;ghLkpy;iy. gpl;nfhapdpy; gzj;jpid KjyPL

nra;tjd; %yk; NfhB];tuHfshf khWtjw;F tpUk;Gk;

kf;fs; ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. 2017,y; gpl;nfhapd; ngWkjp

Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mjpfhpg;gpidg; gjpTnra;jpUf;fpwJ.

gpl;nfhapd; nfhLf;fy;thq;fypy; <Lgl;Ls;s xUtH

mtuJ milahsj;jpid ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;Lnkd;w

mtrpakpy;iy. ,J ve;jnthU ehl;bw;Fk;

ve;jnthU gpizapidAk; nfhz;bUf;fhjJld;

,f;nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fisf; fz;fhzpg;gjw;F

rd A+iy rd




fle;j Ie;jhz;L fhyg;gFjpapy; gpl;nfhapd; ehzaj;jpd; tpiyj; jsk;gy;fs;

%yk;: www.coindesk.com

xOq;FKiwg;gLj;JenutUk; ,y;iy. ,ilNaw;ghLfs;

vJTkpy;iy vd;gjdhy; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;

nryT kpff; FiwthFk;. nfhLfld; ml;ilf;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fisg; Nghd;W caHe;j tpjpg;Gf;

fl;lznkJTk; ,y;iy. MfNt nghpa tpahghuq;fs;

kl;Lkd;wp rpwpa tpahghuq;fSk; gpl;nfhapd;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspy; Eiofpd;wd. gpl;nfhapd;

nghUl;fisAk; gzpfisAk; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;F

kl;Lkd;wp KjyPl;L khjphpnahd;whfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

gpl;nfhapdpd; nfhs;tdtpidAk; tpw;gidapidAk;

gy;NtWgl;l Njrpa ehzaq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp gpl;nfhapd;

ghpkhw;w epWtdq;fspD}lhf Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;.

gpugy;ak; ngw;w gpl;nfhapd; ghpkhw;w epWtdq;fshf

'nfhapd;Ng];"> 'gpl;];uhk;g;" kw;Wk; 'gpl;gpnef;];"

2017,y; gpl;nfhapd; ehzaj;jpd; tpiyj; jsk;gy;fs;


Nk A+d; A+iy Xfj; nrj; xj; ent jpnr 2018 ngg; khr; Vg;

tpiy gpl;nfhapd; $8,873.72

msT gpl;nfhapd; $179,964,311.45

msT gpl;nfhapd; $16,430,494,846.93

tpiy gpl;nfhapd; $8,873.72

A+iy 2014 A+iy 2015 A+iy 2016 A+iy 2017 A+iy 2018



rd A+iy rd A+iy rd A+iy rd rd A+iy rd A+iy




xj; - jpnr 2018

vd;gd fhzg;gLfpd;wd. gpl;nfhapid fzdpapid

mj;Jld;Æ my;yJ njhiyNgrp nkd;nghUisg;

gad;gLj;jp xUthplkpUe;J kw;nwhUtUf;F khw;wy;

nra;J nfhs;sKbAk;. vdNt> epjpapid b[pl;ly;

njhopy;El;gtpaypd; %yk; xU MsplkpUe;J kw;nwhU

MSf;F khw;wy; nra;J nfhs;sKbAk;. nfhs;tdT

nra;ag;gLfpd;w gpl;nfhapd; b[pl;ly; ngl;lfk; vd

miof;fg;gLkplj;jpy; Nrkpf;fg;gLfpwJ. gpl;nfhapd;

ngl;lfk; vd;gJ gpl;nfhapd; Nrkpj;J itf;fg;gLk;

xU nkd;nghUs; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lkhFk;. gpl;nfhapd;

ngl;lfk; gpl;nfhapid mDg;Gtjw;Fk; ngWtjw;Fkhd

trjpia toq;FtJld; gpl;nfhapd; kPjpf;fhd

nrhj;JhpikapidAk; toq;FeUf;F toq;FfpwJ.

gpd;Çl;lypid 'fpsTl;bYs;s ngl;lfj;jpy;"

Nrkpf;f KbAk;. Nrkpg;igAk; Nrkpf;fg;gl;Ls;s

juTfis CLUtf;$ba ,lHNeHTk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

b[pl;ly; ngl;lfj;jpYs;s jfty;fisf; fzdpfspy;

Vw;gLk; itu]; jhf;fq;fspd; tpisthf ,of;f

Nehplyhk;. mj;Jld;> jtWjyhf juTfs; ePf;fg;glTk;

KbAk;. vdNt> jfty;fis ,of;ff;$ba

,lHNeHTfSk; ,q;F fhzg;gLfpd;wd. gpl;nfhapd;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fis mehkNjakhd Kiwapy;

Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;. gpl;nfhapd; nfhLf;fy;thq;fypy;

<Lgl;Ls;s xUthpd; ngaiu ntspg;gLj;jj;

Njitapy;iy. ,f;nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fis

ngl;lfj;jpd; milahs ,yf;fj;jpD}lhf Nkw;nfhs;s

KbAk;. ,f;nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspy; ,ufrpaj;jd;ik

ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ. rl;lj;jpw;F khwhd

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fSf;fhd rhj;jpak; fhzg;gLtJld;

mt;thwhd tplaq;fs; ,lk;ngWifapy; $l ,t;thwhd

jPatopfspy; gzk; <l;LNthiu vtuhYk; milahsk;

fhzKbahJ. MfNt> jPatopapy; gzk; <l;LNthH

,k;Kiwikfis jkJ Nghijt];J tzpfk;> MAj

tzpfk; Nghd;wtw;wpw;Fg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. mNjNeuk;>

gpl;nfhapd; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fis gzk; Àajhf;fy;

Nehf;fq;fSf;Fk; gad;gLj;j KbAk;. kw;iwa

,lHNeHT ahnjdpy; ,t;tiff; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs;

ntspg;gLj;jg;glhj jd;ikapidf; nfhz;bUg;gjd;

fhuzkhf murhq;fj;jpw;Fg; ngUksT gz ,og;igAk;

Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

ehd;F Kf;fpa tif gpl;nfhapd; Nkhrbfshf nghd;~p

Nkhrb> gpl;nfhapd; thHg;G Nkhrb> gpl;nfhapd; ghpkhw;W

Nkhrb kw;Wk; gpl;nfhapd; ngl;lf Nkhrbfs; vd;gd

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

Ø nghd;~p Nkhrbfs;: nghd;~p Nkhrbfs; my;yJ

caH tpistpidf; nfhz;l KjyPl;Lj; jpl;lq;fs;

re;ijapy; epyTfpd;w tPjj;jpYk; ghHf;f caHe;j

tl;b tPjj;jpid toq;Ftjhf (c-k;: ehnshd;wpw;F

1-2 rjtPj tl;b) J}z;by; NghLfpd;w Ntisapy;

cq;fsJ gzk; jpUlhpd; ngl;lfj;jpw;F kPs

newpg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. mtHfs;> jk;ikj; jhNk

ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; nghUl;L NtWgl;l

ngaHfspy; mbf;fb Njhd;wp kiwe;J nfhs;tH.

gpl;Ng my;yJ nfhapd;Ng]; Nghd;w nghJthd

nfhLg;gdTr; nrad;KiwfspYk; ghHf;f cs;tUk;

nfhLg;gdTfSf;fhf gpl;nfhapd; Kfthpfis

toq;Ffpd;w fk;gdpfisj; J}u tpyf;fp itj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.

Ø gpl;nfhapid thHg;Gr; nra;Ak; Nkhrbfs;:

,f;fk;gdpfs;> cq;fSf;fhf msTf;fjpfkhd

njhif nfhz;l gpl;nfhapid thHg;gjw;fhd

trjpia toq;Ffpd;wd. ePq;fs; mtHfSf;F

nfhLg;gdtpidr; nrYj;j Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.

vdNt> ePq;fs; cq;fs; gzj;jpidg; ghHf;fpd;w

,Wjpr; re;jHg;gk; ,JthFk;.

Ø gpl;nfhapd; ghpkhw;w Nkhrbfs;: gpl;nfhapd;

ghpkhw;w Nkhrbfs; cz;ikahd gpl;nfhapd;

ngl;lfk; toq;fhj Nggy;Æ nfhLfld; ml;ilr;

nrad;Kiwg;gLj;jy; my;yJ rpwe;j nryhtzp

tPjq;fis toq;Ffpd;wJ. ,k;Nkhrbfs;

epr;rakw;wnjhU epiyikf;F cq;fis

,l;Lr;nry;Yfpd;w Ntisapy; cq;fsJ

nlhyHfisAk; mJ cwpQ;rp tpLfpd;wJ.

Ø gpl;nfhapd; ngl;lf Nkhrbfs;: gpl;nfhapd;

ngl;lf Nkhrbfs; rpy NtWghLfSld; xd;iyd;

ngl;lfj;jpidg; Nghd;witNaahFk;. mit

cq;fs; gzj;jpidf; Nfl;fyhk;. mt;thW

nfhs;isahsHfs; gzj;jpidf; Nfl;Fk;

nghOJ cq;fs; itg;gpYs;s gzj;jpid ePq;fs;

ghHf;Fk; ,Wjpj; jUzk; ,JthfNt ,Uf;Fk;.

kWnrhw;fspy; $Wtjhapd; Kfthpfs; cq;fspYk;

ghHf;f mtHfisf; $Ljyhf <Hf;Fk;.




gpl;nfhapd; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; jd;ik

01. khw;w Kbahjit

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpd;dH khw;w Kbahj

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs;. ahNuDnkhUtH

gzj;jpid mDg;Gthuhapd; mtH mjid

mDg;GthH. cq;fSf;F cjTtjw;F vtUkpy;iy.

mwptpg;gjw;F xOq;Ftpjpfs; VJkpy;iy.

epjpak; Nkhrbf;fhuUf;F mDg;gg;gLkhapd;>

my;yJ> CLUTk; Ms; cq;fsJ fzdpiaf;

fsthLkplj;J ,t;tpog;G Vw;gLfpwJ. vtuhYk;

,jid khw;w KbahJ. ,q;F ghJfhg;G

tiyaikg;G VJkpy;iy.

02. Gidg;ngaHfs;

fzf;Ffs;> ajhHj;j cyfpd; milahsq;fSld;

,zf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.

03. tpiuthdit kw;Wk; cyfshtpait

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs; cldbahf tiyaikg;gpy;

tpahgpf;fg;gLtJld; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs;

,uz;L epkplq;fSf;Fs; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

04. mDkjpfsw;wit

gpl;nfhapd; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspy; <LgLk;

Njitapidf; nfhz;l MnshUtH

vthplkpUe;Jk; mDkjpapidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s

Ntz;ba Njitapy;iy. ,J ntWkNd

xU nkd;nghUNsahFk;. xt;nthUtUk;

,jidg; gjptpwf;fk; nra;J nfhs;syhk;. ,J

epWtg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH gpl;nfhapidf; nfhs;tdT

nra;Jnfhs;s tpw;gid nra;Jnfhs;s KbAk;.

ypl;nfhapd;

ypl;nfhapd; vd;gJ kiwFwp ehzankhd;whFk;. ,J

kiwFwp ehzaj;jpidg; gad;gLj;JNthhpilNa

gpugy;akhdjhFk;. gpl;nfhapdpd; tpiy 2017,y; 1731

2017,y; ypl;nfhapd; ehzaj;jpd; tpiyj; jsk;gy;fs;


msT gpl;nfhapd; $20,634,875.46

tpiy gpl;nfhapd; $147.87






xj; - jpnr 2018

rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;j NghJ ypl;nfhapdpd; tpiy

7291 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jJ. jpU. rhsp yP 2011

xj;Njhghpy; ypl;nfhapid mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhH. $Fspd;

Kd;dhs; Copauhd ,tH gpl;nfhapid tplTk; caH

ngWkjpapidf; nfhz;l kiwFwp ehzankhd;wpid

mwpKfg;gLj;j tpUk;gpdhH.

yP> gpl;nfhapdpd; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; njhlHGfs;>

fl;lzk; kw;Wk; nrwpT+l;lg;gl;l thHg;G ikak;

Nghd;w rpy gpur;ridfSf;Fj; jPHT fz;ljd; %yk;

gpl;nfhapidg; G+uzg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ypl;nfhapid

tbtikj;jhH. gpl;nfhapd; 'jq;fkhf"Tk; Nrkpg;Gg;

ngWkjp ePz;lfhy Nehf;fq;fSf;fhdjhfTk; ,Ue;j

Ntisapy; ypl;nfhapd; 'nts;sp"ahff; fhzg;gl;lJld;

kypthdjhfTk; xt;nthU ehisf;Fkhd

Nehf;fq;fSf;Fkhd nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; ClfkhfTk;

fhzg;gl;lJ. ypl;nfhapd; gpl;nfhapdpYk; ghHf;f

4 klq;F tpiuthdJ vdf; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ.

ypl;nfhapd; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; ruhrhp

thHg;G Ntfk; 2.5 epkplq;fshFk;. gpl;nfhapd;

,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf 10 epkplq;fis vLf;fpwJ.

vdNt> ,jd; fhuzkhf ypl;nfhapd; $Ljyhd

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fis cWjpg;gLj;j KbAk;.

MfNt rpwpa nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fisg; ngUk;

vz;zpf;ifapy; Nkw;nfhs;fpd;w tHj;jfHfspilNa

,J gpugy;akhdjhFk;.

2015 A+iyapy; gpl;nfhapd; tiyaikg;G nts;sj;jpdhy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ. nts;sg; ghjpg;ghdJ Mapuf;fzf;fhd

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs; nehpryiltjw;Ff;

fhuzkhfpaJld; xU ikaj;jpy; Vwj;jho 80>000

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fisf; nfhz;l Kbr;nrhd;iwAk;

cUthf;fpaJ. vdpDk;> ypl;nfhapd; mj;jifa

jhf;Fjy;fisj; jLf;ff;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ.

Kd;ndhUNghJk; ,y;yhj tpjj;jpy; 84 kpy;ypad;

ypl;nfhapd;fs; khj;jpuk; fhzg;gl;ld. ,tw;wpid

gphprp-,> fpwhnfd; kw;Wk; fpwpg;l;rp Nghd;w nryhtzp

KiwfspD}lhff; nfhs;tdT nra;J nfhs;s

KbAk;. 2017 jpnrk;gH 18Mk; ehsd;W ypl;nfhapd;

Kd;ndhUNghJkpy;yhj tpjj;jpy; Xuhz;bw;F Kd;ida

tpiyahd 4.40 I.m.nlhyUld; xg;gpLifapy; 360.93

I.m.nlhyH ngWkjpapidf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

fle;j Ie;jhz;L fhyg;gFjpapy; ypl;nfhapd; ehzaj;jpd; tpiyj; jsk;gy;fs;




tpiy ypl;nfhapd; $147.87

msT ypl;nfhapd; $1,729,591,641.27




2017,y; vjpwpaj;jpd; ehzaj;jpd; tpiyj; jsk;gy;fs;


fle;j Ie;jhz;L fhyg;gFjpapy; vjpwpaj;jpd; ehzaj;jpd; tpiyj; jsk;gy;fs;


vjpwpak;

,jd; vspikahd jd;ikapd; mbg;gilapy;>

vjpwpak; vd;gJ> ikag;gLj;jg;gl;l gpuNahfq;fisf;

fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fk; gzpf;fpLtjw;Fk;

mgptpUj;jpahsHfis ,aYikg;gLj;Jfpd;w b[pl;ly;

NgNul;L njhopy;El;gj;jpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l

jpwe;j nkd;nghUs; jsnkhd;whFk;. gpl;nfhapd;

Nghd;Nw> vjpwpak; gfpuq;f b[pl;ly; NgNul;L

tiyaikg;nghd;whFk;. ,t;tpuz;bw;Fkpilapy;




tpiy vjpwpak; $632.09

msT vjpwpak; $63,414,952.2

tpiy vjpwpak; $632.09

msT vjpwpak; $5,205,253,821.1





xj; - jpnr 2018

rpy Fwpg;gpl;l njhopy;El;g NtWghLfs; fhzg;gl;l

NghJk; ftdpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba kpf Kf;fpakhd

tplak; ahnjdpy; gpl;nfhapDk; vjpwpaKk;

Nehf;fk; kw;Wk; ,ayhw;wy; jd;ik vd;gdtw;wpy;

fzprkhdstpw;F NtWgLtNjahFk;. vjpwpak; 2013,d;

gpw;gFjpapy; kiwFwp ehzaj;jpd; Muha;r;rpahsUk;

epfo;r;rpj;jpl;l jahhpg;ghsUkhd itl;lypf; Gl;lwpdhy;

Kd;nkhopag;gl;;;lJ. KiwikahdJ 2015 A+iy 30Mk;

ehsd;W eilKiwf;F te;jJld; tpw;gidf;fhf 11.9

kpy;ypad; nfhz;l ehzaf; Fj;jpfs; Kd;$l;bNa

thHf;fg;gl;ld.

vjpwpaj;jpd; ngWkjp 2017,y; 13000

rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jpUf;fpwJ. gpl;nfhapd;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fnyhd;wpid cWjpg;gLj;j 10

epkplq;fs; vLf;ifapy; vjpwpak; xU rpy tpehbfisNa

vLf;fpd;wJ. vjpwpak; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; kPjhd fl;lzk;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fypd; rpf;fyhd jd;ikapidAk;

fsQ;rpaj; Njitg;ghLfisg; nghWj;Jk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

gpl;nfhapdpd; nfhLf;fy;thq;fYld; xg;gpLifapy; ,jd;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; nryT FiwthdjhFk;. cjhuzkhf

2017,y; gpl;nfhapd; nfhLf;fy;thq;fYf;fhd ruhrhpf;

fl;lzk; Vwj;jho I.m.nlhyH 22Mff; fhzg;gl;lJ.

vdpDk;> vjpwpaj;jpd; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; kPjhd ruhrhpr;

nryT I.m.nlhyH 0.33 rjq;fs; kl;LNkahFk;.

,J ek;gKbahjstpw;Ff; FiwthdjhFk;. vjpwpak;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fis jil nra;gtHfs;> kiwFwp

ehzar; nryhtzp ,y;yq;fs; kw;Wk; fzdptop

mNjNeu kiwFwp ehzag; ghpkhw;wy;fs; %yk;

cs;slf;f KbAk;.

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapypUe;jhd nra;jp

cs;ehl;L hPjpahfTk; gd;dhl;L hPjpahfTk; nka;epfH

ehzaj;jpd; kPJ fhzg;gLk; <LghL mjpfhpj;J

tUtjid ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp mwpe;jpUf;fpwJ.

'nka;epfH ehzaq;fs;" vd;w gjk; nghJthf

b[pl;ly; Kiwapy; cUthf;fg;gl;l ngWkjpapd;

gpurd;dnkhd;wpidf; Fwpg;gJld; mJ jdpg;gl;l

mgptpUj;jpahsHfspdhy; ntspaplg;gl;L mtHfspdJ

fzf;Ffspd; nrhe;j myfhff; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

nka;epfH ehzaq;fspd; nghJthd cjhuzq;fshf

gpl;nfhapd;> ypl;nfhapd; kw;Wk; vjpwpak; Nghd;w

kiwFwp ehzaq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. nka;epfH

ehzaq;fs; kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; ntspaplg;gLk;

ehzaq;fs; my;y.

kiwFwp ehzaq;fs; Nghd;Nw nka;epfH ehzaq;fs;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fSf;F mjpfhukspg;gjw;fhfg;

gd;Kfg;gLj;jg;gl;l xd;Wf;nfhd;W epfuhd

b[pl;ly; tiyaikg;gpidg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

ehzaj;jpd; ngWkjpf;F cj;juthjkspg;gjw;Fk;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fis xOq;FKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;

kj;jpa tq;fp Nghd;w ikag;gLj;jg;gl;l Nkyhz;ikr;

rignahd;W ,y;yhikapd; fhuzkhf vtNuDk;

gad;gLj;JeH my;yJ nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; njhlHghd

gpur;ridfs; my;yJ gpzf;Ffs; Vw;gLk;

re;jHg;gj;jpy; cjtpf;F ehLtjw;F vtUkpy;iy.

nka;epfH ehzaq;fspd; ngWkjp Cfq;fspy;

jq;fpapUg;gJld; mbg;gilr; nrhj;njhd;wpd;

%yNkh my;yJ xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy; fl;likg;gpd;

%yNkh cj;juthjg;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. ,jd;

fhuzkhf> nka;epfH ehzaq;fs; ghhpa jsk;gy;fis

vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,NjNghd;W nka;epfH

ehzaq;fs; rl;lj;jpw;F khwhd eltbf;iffSf;Fg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLtjw;fhd caH rhj;jpaq;fSk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. NkYk;> cs;Nehf;fnkJTk;

,y;yhtpbDk; $l mtw;wpd; gad;ghL gzk;

Àajhf;fYf;nfjpuhd kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F

epjpapliy xopj;jy; rl;lq;fis kPwf;$ba jd;ikAk;

fhzg;gLfpwJ. MfNt> jw;Nghija tbtj;jpy;

kiwFwp ehzaq;fs; epjpapay;> njhopw;ghL> rl;lk;>

thbf;ifahsH ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; gj;jpukhd jd;ik

vd;gdtw;wpd; epajpfspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f ,lHNeHTfis

Vw;gLj;JtJld; mtw;wpd; gad;ghl;lhsHfSf;Fk;

mNjNghd;W nghUshjhuj;jpw;Fk; ,lHNeHTfis

Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

kiwFwp ehzaq;fs; cl;gl nka;epfH ehzaq;fSld;

njhlHGl;l jpl;lq;fisj; njhopw;gLj;Jtjw;F

ve;jnthU epWtdj;jpw;Fk; my;yJ fk;gdpf;Fk;

chpkq;fisNah mjpfhuq;fisNah ,yq;if kj;jpa

tq;fp toq;fpapUf;ftpy;iy vd;gjidAk; Muk;g ehza

toq;fy;fSf;Fk; mjpfhuk; toq;ftpy;iy vd;gjidAk;

,j;jhy; nghJkf;fSf;F mwptpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

(crhj;Jiz: 2018.04.16Mk; jpfjpaplg;gl;l ,yq;ifapy;

nka;epfH ehzaq;fs; kPjhd nghJkf;fs;

tpopg;GzHT kPjhd gj;jphpif ntspaPL).

,uh[fphpa> rpwp n[ath;j;jdGu khtj;ij> ,y. 58,y; mike;Js;s ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp mr;rfj;jpy; mr;rplg;gl;L ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; njhlh;g+l;ly; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ

&. 20€¦ · central bank of sri lanka - news survey - oct-dec 2018,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp...

Documents