荷馬的《奧德賽》 ( 張玉燕 )

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1. 影片欣賞 (20 分鐘 ) 2. 摘要 Odyssey 的主題與內容 (30 分鐘 )

3. 寫課程學習單 (20 分鐘 ) 4. 提問與回應 (20 分鐘 ) 5. 準備第六週期中報告 (10 分鐘 )

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引導學生自事件、人物角色、神人關係、文化、心理、社會、宗教、哲學等多元議題賞析荷馬史詩，介紹希臘的英雄時代、希臘的感官世界、與古希臘建築。閱讀 The Odyssey (Book I) ，從 Telemachus 預備出發尋父的心路歷程，思考家與家庭等相關議題的意義。

討論主題 : 1. 倫理與教育 : 成長與成年2. 從家庭、家長、與家產的關聯反省社會結構與倫理

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課前提問

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Telemachus’ name in Greek means “far from battle,” perhaps reflecting his absence from the Trojan War.

Homer also calls Telemachus by the patronymic epithet “Odysseus’ son.”

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A Happy Ending?

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主題一

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預備與出航線索

•生死未明•人海茫茫•有一些老同事還在

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son of the Greek hero Odysseus and his wife, Penelope.

When Telemachus reached manhood, he visited Pylos and Sparta in search of his wandering father

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There, and in books 1-4, we see the social disorder on Ithaca that Odysseus’s return is to set right.

We also see Telemachus,Telemachus, his son, emerging from adolescence and impatient with all that keeps him from assuming a man’s role (his mother as well as her suitors).

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. On his return, he found that Odysseus had reached home before him. Then father and son slew the suitors who had gathered around Penelope.

According to later tradition, Telemachus married Circe (or Calypso) after Odysseus' death.

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主題二

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Odysseus kills the suitorsOdysseus kills the suitors within his own house, which should be exempt from competition and conflict, as the Odyssey’s many scenes of feasting in this same hall show. Both poems leave us with questions.

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And we see Penelope’s dealings with her son, with her suitors, and with the beggar who is really her husband in disguise.

some kind of bird: where -elōps (-έλωψ) is a common pre-Greek suffix for predatory animals

pēnē (πήνη), "weft", and ōps (ὤψ), “face”

Alternatively, the derivation pēnē and lepō (λέπω), "peel", because of the shroud-unweaving mytheme

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Penelope is a challenging figure, because the narrative does not give us full access to her thoughts and motives.

But she seems, with a cunning that with a cunning that matches Odysseus’smatches Odysseus’s, to keep in balance two contradictory requirements of her situation.

If she remarries and Odysseus then returns, she will seem to have betrayed him and, in his and society’s eyes, she will be classed with those other adulterers Helen and Clytemnestra.

In its ambivalence, Penelope’s trick of the web (she promised the suitors to choose one of them when she had finished a shroud for Odysseus’s father, Laertes, and for three years she unwove each night what she had woven by day) perfectly encapsulates the way she is forced to play loyal wife and available bride at the same time; it is both a delaying tactic and a way of stringing the suitors along

Odysseus evidently interprets the trick simply as an expression of Penelope’s faithfulness to him, and so have readers over the ages.

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The period in which the Iliad and the Odyssey probably took shape, 750-700 B.C. or a little after, saw enormous cultural, political, and social developments in Greece, especially the formation, in many areas, of the polis, polis, oror “city-state“city-state.”

The Odyssey offers a more positive meditation on the nature of civilizationcivilization and of the structures of daily political life as the Greeks experienced it.

In addition, Odysseus’s adventures explore alternatives to “ordinary” (that is, Greek) civilization.

Odysseus experiences nature itself as the threatening antithesisantithesis to human culture, and he encounters other cultural forms that seem defective or excessive when measured against Ithaca.

The richest contrast is provided by the Cyclopes, who lack many of the features of the evolving Greek civilization: houses (they live in caves), agriculture (they are herders), ships for trade and colonization, political integration (their highest political unit is the family), and

the key institution of hospitality.hospitality.

When Odysseus finally is restored to Ithaca, he, and his Greek audience, can appreciate the familiar for having explored alternatives to it in these and many other ways.

One enormous contradiction underlies the final books: Odysseus restores order by killing men from his own community, within his house, and he is prepared to prolong internal prolong internal warfare warfare by killing the suitors’ relatives in the final book.

This self-fashioning by reference to the foreign,the foreign, which was to have a long history among the Greeks, must have been especially important during this formative period of their culture.

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How can human aggression be controlled, if not eliminated? Can violence within the community be channeled into safe, perhaps even socially creative, forms? Can it be successfully controlled by being turned outward, against other communities? If so, does that justify the human suffering and waste that external wars cause? And what about the more refined forms of violence at the heart of social hierarchies that create asymmetries of gender and class?

One enormous contradiction underlies the final books: Odysseus restores order by killing men from his own community, within his house, and he is prepared to prolong prolong internal warfare internal warfare by killing the suitors’ relatives in the final book.

1. blog message at least twice before week 6

2. Prepare mid-term exam

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Suppose you are A (Zeus, Achilles…) and you are giving advice to B (Poseidon, Odysseus…).

Write 50-100 lines. (in English or Chinese) 準備台詞

( 檔案名稱 B00211001-classics-mid) Act it out in class! You can have some

visual prompts! 個人 (3 分鐘 ) 或雙人 (5 分鐘 )

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