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BahastraJurnal llmiah Bahasa dan Sastra
Pelindung/Penasehat
Pimpinan Umum
Ketua Dewan Editor
Sekrefaris
Dewan Editor
Editor Eksklusif
lvlitn Bestari (Reviewe r)
Adrninistrasi dan Si rkulasi
Penerbrf
Alarnat Redaksl & Sirkulasi
lzin Terbit
Rekomendasi
/SSN
Percetakan
Rektor Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
Jabrohim
Rina Ratih SriSudaryani
Sudarmini
:A.Yumartati, Nursisto, Kasiyarno, Umi Rokhyati, R.Muh.Ali, Nur Sahid,
Bustami Subhan, Adnan Zaid,
Tirto Suwondo, Jabrohim
Prof. Dr. Suminto A.Sayuti (UNY)
Prof. Dr. Sudiro Satoto (UNS)
Nuri Fanuddin
Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
Jln. Pramu ka 42 Telp. 37 1 1 20 Yogyakarta e-mail :jurnal [email protected]
Surat Keputusan Menteri Penerangan Republik Indonesia Nomor
1 1 O8/SI(DITJEN PPG/STT I 1987
Direktur Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi
Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
Nomor. 1121D5.51U I 1987
0215-4994
Gress Press
Jln. Dongkelan Yogyakarta
Telp. 0274-2643064
Dwetopir
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The Impo
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================ --Jumal Bahastra diterbitkan oleh Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta. Pengelolaan oleh Jurusan pendidikan
Bahasa dan Sastra lndonesia FKIP Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta. Terbit dua kali setahun. Jurnal inihanya memuat tulisan ilmiah, baik berupa hasil analisis, laporan penelitian, kajian dan penerapan teori,maupun pembahasan pustaka, dalam bidang bahasa dan sastra serta pengajarannya.
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Arnon Rotem (2010) wrote that an
architect needs to be familiar with a wide
range of technologies, methodologies,
undlrstand the software lifecycle, has design
experience, etc., which are categorized as
"hard skills". The hard skills are important'
However, it doesn't stop there if he/she wants
to be a good architect. Someone needs to
master "soft skills" such as leadership'
communication skills, and hunan relation'
It is important to develop language
learner's soft skills in order they are also ready
to become preferred emptroyees when they
graduated from university'--Ther€ are some
iays to build their soft skills up' One of the
ways is through learning process in the class
,oo* applying the Jigsaw learning model' Itprovides^ soft skills development to the
itudents through its activities.
What Are Soft Skills?
The MalaYsian Institute of Higher
Leaming interprets soft skills as incorporating
aspects of generic skills which include non-
academic sfitls such as leadership, teamwork,
communication, and lifelong learning
(Roselina,'2009)- Plotkin ( 2010 ) stated that
soft skills are beiug sensitive to the needs ofothers, wanting to be of service to others,
being courteous, being appreciative, being a
hard worker, being dependable, ffid being
honest. Soft skills are the conrbined product ofa person's aptitude and values.
Vast research and expert opinions have
been sought in the effort to determine the
specific toft tkillt to be implemented and used
il higher institution of learning. Roselina
(2009i identifies seven elements of soft skills''it.y ut (t) communication skills, (2) critical
thinting and problem solving skills, (3) team
work, (+; tlttong learning and information
management skills, (5) entrepreneurship skill,
(6) ettrics and professional moral, and (7)
leadership skill.
Ichsan and Ariyanti (2005), adapting S'
Obrein's Winning Characteristic, splits the
soft skills into slven aspects' They are: (1)
Communication skills, (2) Organizational
LLz
skills, (3) kadership, (4) Logic, (5) Effort, (6)
Group skills, aod (A Ethics which can be
abbreviated into one acronym: COLLEGE.
The first is communication skills'Communicatioo is a process whereby symbols
generated by people are received and proposed
to by other people ( Catchart and Samovar,
198ti: 252).\\ere are some elements involved
in communication, such as people, message,
channels, noise, contex! feedback, and effect
(Gamble, 1984: 8-11).
Ichsan and Ariyanti (2005) divides
communieation skills into two; oral and
written communication' Oral communication
skill has some branches such as personal
communication skills, presentation skills, and
group discussion skill. Some important
Eutot.t of a good personal communicator is
least ambiguity, courageous to ask for
clarification, and responsive to others' gesture
and intonation (Ichsan and Ariyanti, 2005)'
Presentation skill has a big role both in
academic and work environment. It becomes
essential when someone offers an idea or
reports a project progress. An excellent idea
may not attract others if it is not presented in agood *uy. An outstanding presenter always
Iott u sufficient preparation both content and
tools of presentation, starts the session
interestingly, hightrights the important points,
keeps eye contact with the audiences, and be
u*ut" of audience's gesture and intonation
(Ichsan and AriYanti, 2005).
Discussion will give some good
experiences to the students. The students willtearn that to be a good member of a discussion
requires courageousness to express an idea'
This will demonstrate his/her capability. It also
trains him/ her how to run a diseussion be on
the focus of the issue. A good member also
always takes notes on what have been
discussed (Ichsan and Ariyanti, 2005)'
Written communication has the same
pupose with oral communieation' It is also to
communicate an idea to others' The very
essential thing in rwitten communication is
how to convey an idea briefly and clearly' This
demands the students to enjoy writing
activities (Ichsan and Ariyanti, 2005)'
Bahastra Volume XXVI Nomo r 2,Maret1}!2
1
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and interpersonal skill. Team work indicates
otre's aUitlty to work together with various
background people, both social and cultural,
o acf,ieve mutuai objectives. To create a good
*noephere and relationship in the work
crrfum€nt, the members of community or
Sql of PeoPle should have mutual
-mdirg in belief, attitude, and behavior.
I-B U mtls in his book The Art ofIffi Pm) ffi smre features of an
ffi EFq d as clear missio4 informal
5qlrn; b ddl*nssim, active listening,
bt d .Fn6q aaryreemcst is OK,qtin ir fucaid' FYer Personal,
omrr iD ft G cftaiw kadershiP,
dfrrdrd.gE,fuvabEsmdnmstftrir,douflE
lropcrmt fitr rEeE b G's tritYo associre wilh dcts n b Hd a Sgodrelation wie dk$ Pres€rving a good
retationship wift otters is not easy. It requires
mutual fiust, mutual respec! and it takes time'
It will constuct not only a good relationship
with other but also couducive and beneficial
work atmosphere. Some means to buildinterpersonal skill effectiveness are: (1) no
judging, (2) stop complaining, (3) award
appieciation, (4) to bs sincere, (5) always
smile, (6) make someone else feel as an
important persor, and (7) ask and do not
instruct
The last element of soft skill is ethics'
Ethics is the branch of philosophy concemed
with the intent, means, and consequences ofmoral behavior (Manning and Curtis: 2003)'
Some qualities of being an ethics are (1)
attempting to satis$ others, (2) dedicated to
accomplish ideal objectives, (3) lifelong
learning, and (4) always endeavor to be the: best on every moment (Ichsan and Ariyanti,
20os)
Jigsaw Learning Model
Jigsaw is a cooperative learning strategy
that has been used for about forly years' This
technique was invented in 1971 by Professor
Elliot Aronson and his graduate students from
the University of Texas (Error! Hyperlinkreference not valid.). It provides students
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with an opportunity to actively help each otherin their learning. Each student is assigned to a'home gtoups' and an 'exPert group'
consisting of members from different home
groups. Students meet in their expert group to
discuss specific ideas or solve problems. They
then turn to their home SouP, where allmembers share their expert knowledge(http ://www. lkdsb.net/program/elementary/intermediate/di/files).
The procedure of The Jigsaw method are
as follow: First, students are divided up intogroups. The numter in each group depends on
the number of subtopics. It is namely o'home
Soup" or "original groud'. Second, each
member of the group is assigned a section orportion of the material. Next, each student
meeB with the members of the other groups
wto bave the same assigned section formingm expert grol+. Now they are in o'expert
golry". Thia{ the expert group learns the
materiat together and decides on how to teach
the material to the original groups. Then,
stutlents return to their original groups, whose
members are each now an expert in one of the
different areas of the topics being studied, and
teach their area of expertise to the other group
members. In the end, a quiz is given. At that
time no team members may help each other.
The Jigsaw learning model can be used
to cover a large amount of material quickly, to
intoduce students to different perspectives on
a topic, to introduce topics and create interest,
and as a research strategy. In language classes,
there are many subjects such as Vocabulary,Reading Comprehension, Inffoduction toEnglish Literature History, English Business
Letter, etc. can apply the Jigsaw learning
model.
Soft Skills Development Through Jigsaw
The following ParagraPhs
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explanation how the activities in the Jigsaw
*odtt leaming can develop students' soft
skills.
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Bahastra Volume XXVI Nomor 2,Marel2At2
face various characteristics of colleagues andthey will learn the art of leadership and how tobe a good leader.
4. Logic
During the long steps of Jigsaw, studentsmay find some problems. The problems maybe either internal or extemal problems. Theycan be problem in commuuication, problem inhilding a good teamwork, or problem andquesim grven by the lecturer. A simpleFekm My alt€r to be a soptristicated
FrffEm. As wclt, a sophisticared problem maybG ff Gasily by a grEat problem solver. In- - rayr, fu rtuderc my deralq freir skiltsi h b tG 1q c-rcdleril pIsl€m solver. Anrt rLfu rdy ths to solve fuffitur fitftg Am mdermding mdffig fu pdlem, th'r mdden@ 6€rehEs, ilFqffiBring tte roA rc, chocing a$trliqq, md trnslty irylemmiry ir Aproblem solver lrd creaivity. To riseEedivity, tbe sEdents shouH be ope&minde4 optimistic, imaginative, and havinghigh curiosity.
5. Effon
A class has more then twenty students,let's say. They have various backgrounds andcharacteristics. Some are infiovert the othersare extrovert. Some are 'easy going', theothers are 'too careful' students. These maycause a problem in communication. Thosewho have assertiveness, psychologically, willface no dilemma. Those who haven't been ableto be assertive possibly find some diffrcultiesin building communication. This type ofstudents will never free from such thisproblem if they never change their styles to bean assertive persons.
Jigsaw will give the students much moreopportunities to interact intensely with variousbackgrounds of personalities. It means thatthey will have more chance to learn to beassertive. It is not easy to do, but they will feelmore convenient after practicing it. Thelecturer should encourage the students to beassertive.
Including effort is lifelong learning. It isrelated to the independency in leaming.Although Jigsaw is a cooperative learning, itrequires students to be independent. To have agood discussion, where all members are activeand not dominated by certain limited member,every of them should participate in sharingideas, responding questions, etc. It demandsthe students to be independent in searchinginformation, managing it efficiently, andshming it to the others.
6. Group Skills
Some activities in the Jigsaw demand thestudents to work in tearn; starting activities ofgrouping, discussion in the home and expertgfoup.They will meet and work with differentcharact€ristics and qualities people at least inthose two groups. They work together in theteams to achieve mutual objectives. Toachiwe the objectives they have to form asolkl team work- They will leam how to createa good atuosphere and relationship in theirgroups, how to be good listeners, how to formtnrst and openness.unong them, etc.
Interpersonal skills of the students in thegroups may become the vital factor to build asolid team work. For example, when they arediscussing a topic and one of them sharingideas, the quality of their interpersonal skillswill detennine how they give responses. Willthey appreciatq judge, or complain thespeaker? It depends on their interpersonalskill. Intensive interaction and team work willpush them for developing their interpersonalskill.
7. EthicsEthics here means qualities of being
ethics such as attempting to satisff others,dedicated to accomplish ideal objectives,lifetong learning, and always endeavor to bethe best on every occasion. These excellentqualities should be embedded in every studentif they want to have a successful Jigsaw. Ifmost students attempt to be the best in theactivities by being active, independent,cooperative, and try to communicate in a goodway, the Jigsaw activities will award manyadvantages to the students. They will take and
Bahastra Volume XXVI Nomor 2, Maret 2012
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Shanna, O,P" (2008). The power of youremotion (terj.).yoryakarta: DIVAPress.
Shakir Roselina. (2OOg).Soft skills at the , , :
,Malaysian insti-tutes of higher leaming.Asia pacific education review. 309 _ -315.
Shmerling, l"rh. (1996). Communication int!? W*t place; Melbourne: MacmillanEducation Australia pTy;
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Nornor'2, Marct