3

3CRS

JP03JP05JP09Euro 3Euro 4:

: 05PM g/kWhNOx g/kWh 2000 2003 2007 2010 2013 2000 2003 2007 2010 2013

Type approval according EURO III..V manufacturers have to fulfill both testsEEVS extra low emission vehicles (enhanced environmentally friendly vehicles)

Source: DieselNet.com3/4: ESC

The test consists of a sequence of three load steps at each of the three engine speeds A (cycle 1), B (cycle 2) and C (cycle 3), followed by cycle 4 at a speed between speed A and speed C and a load between 10% and 100%, selected by the certification personnel. Speeds A, B, and C are defined in the ESC cycle. Smoke measurement values are continuously sampled during the ELR test with a frequency of at least 20 Hz.

Source: DieselNet.com3/4: ELR

Part one represents city driving with a maximum speed of 50 km/h, frequent starts, stops, and idling. Part two is rural driving starting with a steep acceleration segment. The average speed is about 72 km/h Part three is motorway driving with average speed of about 88 km/h.

Source: DieselNet.com3-5: ETC

Engine speed

Engine torque

Source: DieselNet.com3-5: ETC

3CRS

NOx [g/kWh]0.00.10.2012345678910Euro 2Euro 3Euro 4 2. PMPM [g/kWh]Euro 51. + + 0.150.02 +

:

: AVL

CRS1800 Bar1/4,

EUP

: 2, , , 4/5 :,

: , :, , , ,

EUPCR:

EUPCR

180 Bar,> 200 Bar, 180 Bar, NOx, , 4(5), ,

MDVOLMARKETCONSO

2.5811.72

3.0932.172

3.3862.308

On Highway

Off Highway

LD Rot

LDVOLMARKETCONSO

8.613

11.02

14.013

LD CR

HDVOLMARKETCONSO

0.7027

1.054

1.12

LD Rot

LDTURNOVERMARKET

1.14159713380.40783366872.80081305080.053

4.12732943470.83854289070.2469696970.034

5.39120879120.8957132530.40331125830.053

LD CR

LD EUI

LD Rot

MDTURNOVERCONSOMARKET

0.1575280.1140.70797392260.777844480.278992

1.03787920.133360.57015128510.529835520.332

2.05637040.18039680.03806560.0693120.4216

LD CR

LD EUI

LD Rot

HDTURNOVERMARKET

0.0131040.4838188180.16744

0.283920.68053714290.113584

0.480.71905882350.009856

LD CR

LD EUI

LD Rot

CR

400

730

800

1000

165100

32439

3520

3950

47583

6755

1305198

1535441

1616380

1860737

2005

2000

HDVOLMARKET

0.2990.3920.0117

0.2290.5520.273

0.0220.2960.802

CR

EUI/EUP

Inline

M

M

M

LD Rot

LD EUI

LD CR

G1CRsplitbyPr

1.884400.203000.041

2.90428358210.2981.2134.23871641790.5540.273

0.511.4471.8543.55128358215.49071641790.344

1400 bars

{

LD

MD Off H

LD

LD

1600 bars

>1800 bars

LD

LD

MD On H

HD

MD On H

HD

1400 bars

1600 bars

1800+ bars

Pressures

1.884400

00200000.203020002000

000.041

2.90428358214.23871641790.554

0020050.2981.213020050

000.273

0.513.55128358215.4907164179

2010201020101.4470.927020100.927

0000000.3440

HD

LD

MD

1400 bars

>1800 bars

1600 bars

LD

MD

MD On h

HD

TOTAVOL DMARKETBIS

8.4640.2030.2030.203

02.5811.721.511

03.3013.3010.7027

00.1580.1580.158

10.9411.0381.0381.038

03.0932.1722.056

07767761.054

0687687687

13.93623623623

03.3862.308

01.12

LIGHT DUTY

MEDIUM DUTY

HEAVY DUTY

13,9 M

18 M

21 M

On Highway

Off Highway

LD CR

MD INLINE/MUP

LDVOLMARKET

0.1495.7760.6911.997

0.120.5861.7138.642

0.151.1631.71311.054

CR

EUI

Rotary

M

M

14,4 M

LD Rot

LD EUI

LD CR

marketbysector

6.845

2.5

2.581

2.4227

MEDIUM & HEAVYTRUCK

OFF- HIGHWAY

48 %

18 %

18 %

16 %

CAR/LCVEurope

CAR/LCVOutside Europe

CRSYNTHESIS

21 manufacturersWORLDWIDE DIESEL ENGINE COMMON RAIL ACCORDING TO PRESSURE LEVEL

YEAR 20001/ MINI2/ LOW3/ M14/ M25/ HIGH6/ SMALL VAN7/ LARGE VAN8/ OTHERS200020052010

TOTAL1400 bars101155585512226426701,787LD1400 bars231

1600 bars000000000LD1600 bars044

1800+ bars000000000LD1800+ bars015

TOTAL101155585512226426701,7871.8847.6979.552

MD OH00.2981.4471997864211054

YEAR 20051/ MINI2/ LOW3/ M14/ M25/ HIGH6/ SMALL VAN7/ LARGE VAN8/ OTHERSMD ON0.2031.2131.85469117131713

TOTAL1400 bars21354100158686571602,454HD0.0410.2730.3445,9257061,313

1600 bars0801,5371,0952394954111824,039HEUI OnH0.3040.3810.436

1800+ bars002011028014400554HEUI OffH0.0250.0340.091

TOTAL2136211,5571,2055341,5071,0683427,047WorldwideVOLUMETURN-OVERAverage Price in $Average Price in W.EuropeVOLUMETurn-Over

200020052010200020052010200020052010200020052010200020052010200020052010

YEAR 20101/ MINI2/ LOW3/ M14/ M25/ HIGH6/ SMALL VAN7/ LARGE VAN8/ OTHERSLDInline0.1490.1200.1500.10.00.13562833530.10.00.1LDInline0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

TOTAL1400 bars08000013000210LD Rot5.7760.7001.0002.80.20.44853534032.60.81.2LD Rot3.1980.0500.0001.5510.0180.000

1600 bars22367900406759302282,775LD EUI0.6911.6001.7130.40.80.95905245230.90.90.9LD EUI1.4911.7020.0000.8800.8920.000

1800+ bars0201,6641,2525531,3171761095,091LD CR1.9978.60011.1501.14.15.45724804841.13.74.6LD CR1.8245.4050.0001.0432.5940.000

TOTAL2237791,6641,2525932,1221,1063378,076Total8.61311.02014.0134.405.26.75114764814.605.46.8Total6.5137.1570.0003.4733.5040.000

MD OFF HINLINE/MUP1.7561.5761.0830.40.40.125424464MD OFF HINLINE/MUP0.3160.4610.0800.1120.000

Rot0.7501.0280.3680.30.50.038447464Rot0.3710.5850.0000.1430.2780.000

EUI/EUP0.0500.1570.3970.00.10.2512480454EUI/EUP0.0120.0390.0000.0060.0190.000

HEUI0.0250.0340.0910.00.00.1848800800HEUI0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

CR0.0000.2981.4470.0000.1910.8330.0640576CR0.0070.0720.0000.0040.0460.000

Total2.5813.0933.3860.7811.1651.180303377348Total0.7061.1570.0000.2330.4550.000

MD ON HINLINE/MUP0.5030.3260.30.10.0659448480MD ON HINLINE/MUP0.0240.0130.0160.0060.000

Rot0.6000.1900.0180.40.10.0700434806Rot0.0860.0140.0000.0600.0060.000

EUI/EUP0.1100.0620.0000.10.10.08049350.0EUI/EUP0.0730.0040.0000.0590.0040.000

HEUI0.3040.3810.4360.30.30.3848800800HEUI0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

CR0.2031.2131.8540.1580.8471.223776698660CR0.2020.4580.0000.1570.3200.000

Total1.7202.1722.3081.2551.4381.586730662687Total0.3850.4890.0000.2910.3360.000

HDINLINE/MUP0.2990.2290.0220.1670.1140.010560496448HDINLINE/MUP0.1450.0470.0000.2850.0880.047

EUI/EUP0.3920.5520.6000.4840.6810.7191,2341,2331,198EUI/EUP0.1500.2220.0000.4230.5600.612

CR0.0120.2730.5000.0130.2840.4801,1201,040960CR0.0000.0850.0000.0410.2730.344

Total0.7031.0541.1220.6641.0781.2099451,0231,077Total0.2950.3540.0000.7490.9211.003

All MarketGrand Total13.61717.33920.8297.1048.92810.718522515515All MarketGrand Total7.8999.1570.0004.7475.2150.000

4.694.284.00MD ConsoINLINE/MUP2.2591.9021.0830.7780.5300.06934427964MD ConsoINLINE/MUP0.3400.4740.0000.0960.1180.000

Rot1.3501.2180.3860.7080.5700.03852446899Rot0.4570.5990.0000.2030.2840.000

EUI/EUP0.1600.2190.3970.1140.1330.180713609454EUI/EUP0.0850.0430.0000.0650.0220.000

HEUI0.3290.4150.5270.2790.3320.422848800800HEUI0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

CR0.2031.5113.3010.1581.0382.056776687623CR0.2090.5300.0000.1610.3660.000

Total4.3015.2655.6942.0362.6032.7664734944860.0000.000Total1.0911.6460.0000.5250.7900.000

GRANDINLINE/MUP2.7072.2511.2550.9980.6770.132369301105GRANDINLINE/MUP0.4850.5210.0000.3810.2060.000

TOTALRot7.1261.9181.3863.5090.8170.441492426318TOTALRot3.6550.6490.0001.7530.3010.000

EUI/EUP1.2432.3712.7101.0061.6521.795809697662EUI/EUP1.7261.9670.0001.3681.4740.612

HEUI0.3290.4150.5270.2790.3320.422848800800HEUI0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

CR2.21210.38414.9511.3125.4497.928593525530CR2.0336.0200.0001.2453.2330.344

Total13.61717.33920.8297.1048.92810.718522515515Total7.8999.1570.0004.7475.2150.000

check0.0007.3609.05510.609

VolLD1.0842.35211%Vol DDS

MD0.3260.34114%LD0.922f

HD0.0360.160MD0.291

%LD13%21%HD0.031

MD8%6%total1.244

HD5%15%ms16.0%

total11%16%

CR1.3125.4497.928

1.2995.1657.448

2000200500

Light DutyLD Rot6000.700001

LD EUI1001.600002

LD CR2911

MDMD INLINE/MUP2.2591.9021.083

MD HRot1.351.2180.386

MD EUI/EUP0.160.2190.397

MD HEUI00.329000.41500.00.5270

MD CR00.203001.51100.03.3010

HDHD INLINE/MUP0.2990.2290.022

HD EUI/EUP0.3920.5520.6

HD CR00.011700.2730.00.5

total13.46817.2193436.303

200020052010

MDMD OFF INLINE/MUP1.7561.5761.083

MDMD HRot0.751.0280.368

MDMD EUI/EUP0.050.1570.397

MDMD HEUI0.0250.0340.091

MDMD CR00.2981.447

MD ON INLINE/MUP0.5030.3260

MD HRot0.60.190.018

MD EUI/EUP0.110.0620

MD HEUI0.3040.3810.436

MD CR0.2031.2131.854

200020052010

TotalLD80.00.00.0110.00.0140.00.0

MD OF2.5813.0933.386

MD ON1.722.1722.308

HD0.70271.0541.122

Value M$

LDTruck

200020052010

LD RotLD Rot1.330401770

LD EUILD EUI1.171522320

LD CRLD CR inc HEUI01.720

Total2.474563.722090

2000200520100

LD2003001

0.0004004

0.015

MD00.2981.447

MD On h0.2031.2130.927

00.927

HD0.0410.2730.344

2000 volume

LD WE6.8450.4770467011

LD outside WE2.5000.1742318119

Off_highway2.5810.1798769226

Truck inc medium2.4230.1688445643

14.349

RANNOU:1/3 WE, 2/3 asia&china

MDVOLOHMARKET

0.5030.60.110.3040.203

0.3260.190.0620.3811.213

20100.01800.4361.854

CR

EUI/EUP

Inline

0,75 M

0,9 M

1M

Rot

HEUI

LD Rot

LD EUI

LD CR

MDVOLCONSOMARKET

1.721.350.160.3290.203

2.1721.2180.2190.4151.511

2.3080.3860.3970.5273.301

Inline/MUP

4,3 M

5,3 M

5,7M

LD Rot

LD EUI

LD CR

MDVOLBISCONSOMARKET

1.7560.750.050.02500.1490.1490.1490.1490.149

0.120.120.5030.60.110.3040.203

1.5761.0280.1570.0340.29800000

0.3260.190.0620.3811.213

1.0830.3680.3970.0911.4470.0340.0340.0340.0340.034

00.01800.4361.854

CR

EUI/EUP

Inline/MUP

4,3 M

5,3 M

5,7M

HEUI

Rotary

2000

2005

2010

OFF HIGHWAY

ON HIGHWAY

LD EUI

LD CR

MDVOLCONSOautremiseenpage

2.2591.350.160.3290.203

1.9021.2180.2190.4151.511

1.0830.3860.3970.5273.301

CR

EUI/EUP

Inline/MUP

4,3 M

5,3 M

5,7M

Rotary

HEUI

LD Rot

LD EUI

LD CR

ASSUMPTIONS

LIGHT DUTYLIGHT DUTYLIGHT DUTYLIGHT DUTYLIGHT DUTYLIGHT DUTYLIGHT DUTYMEDIUM DUTYMEDIUM DUTY

MINILOWM1M2HIGHLCV/SUVVANON HIGHWAYOFF HIGHWAY

2EUROPE

0JAKOT

0USA

0Other

2EUROPE

0JAKOT

0USA

5Other

2EUROPE

0JAKOT

1USA

0Other

NA1400 BARS1600 BARS1800+ BARS

HINDUSTCylinder

TRADITIONALCOMMON RAIL

200516000

Rolls Royce2000ROLLS ROYCE8000

2005500

ABC2000ABC10000

20051200

DLW2000DLW18000

200530000

EMD2000EMD19000

20053000

Niigata2000NIIGATA21000

20052800800

MAN B&W2000MAN B&W28000

20054000

Perkins2000PERKINS80000

20054500

Dalian2000DALIAN40000

20056000

Duetz MWM2000DUETZ MWM50000

20058000

CAT Mak2000CAT Mak55000

20058000

MITSUBISHI2000MITSUBISHI70000

200570002000

WARTSILA2000WARTSILA75000

2005100000

GE2000GE112001000

200570008000

MTU2000MTU80004000

13030015800

146100

200530000

EMD2000EMD19000

20051200

DLW2000DLW18000

HINDUSTCYLVOLNOTUSED

20002005

2000 Traditional2000 CR2005 Traditional2005 CR

MTUMTU8000400070008000

70008000

GE2000GE112001000100000

2005100000

EMD2000EMD1900030000

200530000

Wartsila2000Wartsila7500070002000

200570002000

DLW2000DLW1800012000

20051200

Wartsila2000Wartsila7500070002000

200570002000

MAN B&W2000MAN B&W280002800800

20052800800

Rolls Royce2000Rolls Royce800016000

200516000

CAT Mak2000CAT Mak5500080000

20058000

Perkins2000Perkins8000040000

20054000

Duetz MWM2000Duetz MWM5000060000

20056000

MitsubishiMitsubishi7000080000

8000

NiigataNiigata2100030000

3000

ABCABC100005000

500

1242005800621004800

13000066900

Dalian2000Dalian4000045000

20054500

dataCR

OE(Tous)

PRODCommon Rail

DonnesMDMD Off-highwayHDTotal

GROUPSomme 2000Somme 2005Somme 2010GROUP20052000Somme 2005Somme 2000Somme 2005Somme 2000Somme 2005Somme 2000TOT 2005TOT 2000

BEIJING000NAVISTAR0000

BMW100165160HINO0000

DAEWOO0395750BEIJING0000

DC43211901555FIRST AUTO WKS0000

FIRST AUTO WKS000GUANGXI YUCHAI0000

FORD5675730HINDUSTAN0000

GM/FIAT /ISU36210701145MAHINDRA0000

GM/ISUZU Jap0420600other chinese0000

GM/ISUZU US080125other india0000

GUANGXI YUCHAI000TELCO0000

HINDUSTAN000VAZ0000

HONDA080120ZMZ0000

MAHINDRA000GM/ISUZU Jap45003900

MWM04060MWM400400

NAVISTAR0180280DEERE000073000730

other chinese000HONDA800800

other india000VAG10001000

PSA73718602020BMW165100165100

RENAULT19812201420CUMMINS2380394732439

TELCO0010GM/ISUZU US10002523520

TOYOTA50300600DAEWOO39503950

VAG0100100TOYOTA300501753347583

VAZ000FORD67556755

ZMZ000RENAULT1220198851305198

Total188477759675DC1130432294922891535441

GME/FIAT/ISU107036257181616380

PSA18607371860737

3CRS

, CRS, VNT,EGR,DPF,SCRSCR, DPF, ???312

2

0.10.150.360.020.02

0.10.150.360.020.02

00000

EUROPE 3

EUROPE 2

EUROPE 1

EUROPE 4

EUROPE 5

ESC 13Mode NOx (g/kW.h)

ESC 13Mode PM (g/kW.h)

NOx-PM graph

37

ESC result (g/kW.h)

NOxPM

EUROPE 300.1

50.1

50

EUROPE 200.15

70.15

70

EUROPE 100.36

80.36

80

EUROPE 400.02

3.50.02

3.50

EUROPE 500.02

20.02

20

NOx-PM graph

00000

00000

00000

EUROPE 3

EUROPE 2

EUROPE 1

EUROPE 4

EUROPE 5

ESC 13Mode NOx (g/kW.h)

ESC 13Mode PM (g/kW.h)

CRS200320043, 20055101000/ 3226CK-3230-280PS6CLSK/6CLK/4CK/4CKS

CRS(): ABS/ASRCAN

CRS,

CRS,

, QRQR BBC

, EOLQRECUECUECU

,3