5

4

x y ?(elasticity) .y x =

() =

=

=

=

,

. =

= ; 1% 3.3%

; 1% 2.5% =

; 1% 0.17%

1. .

;

2. , . ( )

, ; ;

1 =

2 =

1 : AB X A /

2 : AB X C /

B A A .A X A /

:

. , ;

=

:

.

. `1 :

= 5,000/, = 10/

= 6,000/, = 8/

2 :

= 5,000/, = 10 = 0.5 4,000/ ?;

: vs. 01(inelastic)(elastic) (unitary elastic) 10%

(elastic) : 10%

(unitary elastic) : 10%

(inelastic) : 10%

.

= -1.0

> -1.0

< -1.0

.

E :

PQTR

PQTR

:

: :

:

1 : .

A B 2 , . ? 3 ?

?SADAPQ4002000 SADA4002000SB ( ) .PQSADA4002000SB2400300PQ (2400 - 2000) / (2000)(300 - 400) / (400)=- 0.8 () = ?SADAPQ4002000SB2400300TRSA = 800,000TRSB = 720,000: . =

: . : . ., <

0

= ()

0

= ()

0

= ( )

0 : .ABCA : B : C : ?

() ? = +

= -

:

: :

2(Q, P), 2

:

: : T

:

: 1 : 2, 2 : .1.

:

: 100

S1240480180360

280

, .

:

: : T

2 :

:

:

:

: 100

S1240480D1180380

280

, . .

.

.

, , (tax incidence) ? : .

: !

, >

, < S1$2.00D1S2 AFGHCE: : AC : CE : GH : GF : S1D1DFEC

C

C

<

>

=

: = 400, = 16/80kg : = 420 ? = 0.2

: 8 = 400 X 16/ = 5 X 16/

= 8

= 420 X 8/

= 5,250 X 6/

= 4.2 : 16 (16 , 14 2 )

420 = 5,250 8 = 8/ X 5,250 = 4 2 (20) = 16 = ? 20 = 2,500,000 2,500,000 X 16 = 4,000

Note 1 : = 4 2 ( 16 )Note 2 : . = 4, = 1 = 5 ?( = 0.5, = 0.2)

= -0.2

= 0.5 1 12.5

5 17.5