التفسير العلمي للقرآن .. وهم أم حقيقة؟

212
ء ز ج ل ا ول الأ ؟ ة ق ي ق ح م م ا ه : و ن زا لق ل ي م ل ع ل ر ا سي ق ي ل ا

Upload: moheye-abdelghani

Post on 27-Jul-2015

590 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

:

: - - . . ( ) . . . . . - . . : . . . : " * " (1 /4-7). :"* " (2/1-2). - - : . : . " ( ) ) ( () (2/53-83) " " ( ) ( ) ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( : :

( ) ) ( ( ) ( ( ) ) ) ( ( 02 /411-621) "

. . " " (04 /11) ( 76/21) " ( " :

) (02 /55)

- - " "

" "

: . : . . ( ) . . . . : . . . . - . .

: " (33/27). "

. . . ) ) ( ) ( : " ( "

) " ( ) ( " (02 /41-61) " () " (04 /7161)

(09/7 - 01)

" ) () ( ) ( ) ( " (54 / 62- 03) " " . : (). : " * " (99/87) ". . . (1): : ! : : . : " . : . " - "

* " : ( ). ( ) : " ". " " . . . . . ( ) . : . " "(2 71). . . : . ( ) . ( ) . . - - . ) (28/9-21). () ( ) " : " (

. : ( : ) . (). : (19 /019) . " ( ) " ( ) ( ). : .

: . :

. : . . . . ) " ( ) () ( " (23 /211 - 511) (6/ " " 261) .

: ( ) ( . . . . - : : . : . : . " " :

(24/15).

. : (

) . .

" " - - . . . "" : . () ( = ). ( ) " (14/21). :

"

. : . ( ) ( : " " : " ") . . "" : " ". : " " . (7/45). . "" " . " (19/87) " ( ) " . . . .

) ( :

. ( ) . : . : . () ( ) . . " " . " " " " ( ) . " " : ( ) . : ( ) ( :" " : . : " : : "(3 901801). .- - " . " " ( ). . . ) ) ( : ) ( " ( 5)

(69/1-

( ) "

) ) ( : () " " (

(86/1-4)

) " ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( " (37/1-6) . : ) " " ( (

:

) ( ) () () ( ) (47/1-7).

" ( ) ( ) ( ) () ( ) ( ) ( ) (35/1-01). () ( ) " . - . . "" [ : . : ]. .

:

: . . . . (). . .

) ( ). ( ( ) . . . . . . - - . . " ) () ( (3 /7-9) " ) " ( " (4/3828) : . . . . : . . . . . " ": " ":

) )

. : " ( ) ( (301) "

) ( ) ( " ( ) ( ) ( " (99/1- () () 8).

) " ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) () ( ( ) " (35/33-24) . :

. : . . : . . . " ". ( ). - - . : : ) " ( 9989) . :

(5 /

"

(

" " " (5 /76). " . : 92/81)

: -

" " (61/46)

" ( ) " (61/4434)

. : ( ) . - : (1) ( ) . : (2) ( ) . . ( ) ( ) . . . . . : " ( ) :

( ) ( ) ( ) () ) ( " (2/381-981) : . . (). . . . . . ( ) . ( ) . ( ) . . . : . " " (- ).

: . () . " ( ). . . . "" "" . . . . - - . ( ) ( ) . . - - ( ) . . . . . " " "". . : " " ( ). :" . ". . . " " . - - .

:" " . . . " " . " " . : " " (91/71) . . " * " : " ( ) ( ) ( ) () ( ) ( ) ( ) (32/1-01) () ( ) " . . " ". " " : " ". " " . . ) ( ) (62/291-591). : ( ) " " ( . :

" "

() (). .

. . . : . .

. . . . . . . : . ( ) . . ) " ( ) ( ( ) ) ( ) ( " (71/5909) ( ) " ) ( " (32/23 - 43) " (14 /76) () " ) " ( ( " 12/4353) () ( ). () (). . () : ) " ( " :

(57/61-81)

(78/6

"

)

" (

7)

- - : . . . - . . " ". . ( ) : " ( ) " . ( ) .

.

..

. . - - " ( ) " (61/4434)(61/46)

. :

" "

() : ( ) ( ). ().

. . . . . ( ) . . " " (4 4 681961) : ( ) . . . ( ). . . . . 422 013. . . . . . . : " ) ( "(14 /4535) :

" ( ) ( ) (01/73- " 93) . . ( )

. . . . . . " ". : : . : . . : . . . . : . . . . . *** : - - . . . (). ( )Signals .

( )Vibrations . ( ) . . " " ( .)hair cells - - ( )impulses . () (). . - . " (24/15) - (24/25) " . :

: ( ) (

" "

:

) . . . .. . ( ). . . . : . . :

(62/291-

) ( )

( ) ( ) "

" ( 691)

- - . . . : " " (2/79) ) ) ( (18/91-22). ) ( " ( "

" ( ) ( ) ( ) () ( ) ( ) ( ) (35/1-01) () ( ) " :

" " " " " " " ". . . . ( ) : " : : ( ) . . : ". . . . . : ( ) . :" " (37 /5).

" " " " " " . ( ) . ( ) . . . . . ( ) . . . . . . . ( ) . . ( ) . . . : . " " (41/4). *** : . . . " " : (44 /85) " "

(61/87) . . . . . . - ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )- . () : " " (34/36) " " " " (61/46) () : ( ) - - . . . . . . " ". : ( ) ( ) . . . " ": " . - - : " . ". : . . (61/44)

. . . . . . . " ". . ." " (71 /63) " () " (13 /0212) " ( ) " (34 / 3242 ) . .

: () : 1- ( ) 2- ( ) 3- ( ) 4- ( ). . ( ). ( ) - - . ( : ).

( ) . : (45 /04232271) " "

" " (37 /02) .

( 75) : " . . . ( ): " " ( ). . " ". ( ) . . . . : " " (6/99) " " ( 61/76) " " (01 /42 61/9611) " " (2/01032 01/5) " " (6/89) " "(3 /31) " " (98/5) ( . : " " ). . . . . . ( )

. . . . - - . . : (11/1) " ". - - . . . *** . . . " " " " " " . ( 84) :" : ( ) : " " (4 / 95). () . : . . . " " ( ) ( ). ( ): " . ". ( 2 5). " "

. : " ". : ( - 83). : ( ) : " . . ( : ) ( 15 ) . : . ( 14). - . . : " " 01/93) :

(

" " (14/35). - - . *** :

. . . . - . . ( ) ( ) ( ). "" : " (2/962) " . (: ) ( ). : " " . " () " 33)

(52 /23

" " " " " " 4/95) " " :

(

" ": "" . ( ) : . : . . ( ) ( ). " " . . () ( ) ( ) . " ( ). :

(

71/53). (: )

" " ".

. " ": . " " . : : . " " ( ) ( . ). : . : . "": . " " ( ). . ) : : ( . : " " . : . . " " (3 /7) " " (7/35) ( ) . " ". ( ): . ( ) : ( ). " " : : :

: . ( ) : . : . : : : . : : . : ( ). (5) " ": : 1- : " ". 2- ( " " "" ) ( ) . : . " () (01/83 " 93) . 3- : : ( ). 4-: : . ( ). :

. . . "" . "" . " " (82/43) ( ) . :

: . " " . ( ). (61/301) " " .

: . : . : ( ). : . : : ( " ( ). " 11/3)

: ( ) (: ) : ( ) ( ) . .

" " (21/34) : . . : . : (: ). "" ( ) "" . . " ". (51 /86) " " . . : ( : ). . " ". ( ) " " ( ) ( 19/3 -1) : . (). : . : ( ). . " " : " " (61/98) (57/91) " " " "

" " (14/35) " " :

"

" " " " (61/46) - : . . : . . *** (61/44)

. . . . " ". - -

. ( ) . . . " (71/89) . " .

(92/1505)

" () "

. "" . . . . . . . : " " ( ). " " :

(3 /331)

: : .

. : (63/73) (75/ " " 6) " "

" (93/5) (52/ " 26)

. . . . . . . . . . " ". . : " .. ". . " (56/21) : " ". : "

. . ( ) : " ". " ": " .. . .. .. !.. .. . ". " :" " (2/461) : - - ( ). . : () " (7/75) : :

: ( ) ( ) ( ) (

) ( ). : ( ) . " " (51/22) :

( ) ( ). " " (42/34) :

: . : . : . ( ) (). : . " " (03/84) :

: . : . : " " .

. . : " " " ( ) ( ) . ( ) ( ) . - - " " .. . ( ) . .. . .. " " " " .. . ( ). " " . . - - ! . : " " (03/91)

:

( ) (17/31 41) ) " " ( :

" " * " (17/6151) : (1) (2) (3) ( ) (4) ( ) . ( ). (17/71 ) " : " ( 81) :

. (67 / " " 2) " " "". ) : ( " " :

(23/87) . . ( " " :

12/33) ) " ( ) ( ( ) " ( 63 /73-04) ... . ( ). . ( ) () ( ). : ( ). : ( ). ) ) ( " ( () ( :

(97/72-13)

) "

( ) . . . . : . "" .

" " (37/02) . . . . . . . . . " ( " 31/71) . : . : " ". : : . :

)

(1/

) (

)

) (

) (

" ( ( 6-1)

(2/21).

" "

:

: . : . . . :" " . : (). : " ". : ( ) : " (2/83) : : "

: ( : ). . : ( : ). . . ( ) . : . . . . : .

. : . " ) ( () " (2/63-83) ) (7/42 " ( 52) " .

: - . . . ( " " 71/58) .

. ( ) " ( ) () " (4/361-561) .

" ( ) " (61/34 44).

: . . . : . . " " ) " ( ) ( ) () ( (81/ ( ) " 56-07) :

: () : ( ) () (). . . : " " 2/981) :

(

: . . ) (67 - - : ) ( ) ( " ( ) " ( /24-64)

" " (7/781). : ( ). . " " (61/87) " " (71/63). : :

" ) ( ( " 53 /72 82) . .

. : : . . : . - - . . : () ) " ( .

" (99 /6-8)

( ) ( ).

()

(101/6-11)

() ( ) ) "

) ***

. (201 )

" () (

" ( ) (

"

. . ( ) . . ( ). . : " - " ( ) . . . : ( ) ( ). . . . : . . "". . . :

" (!) . . - . " ( ). : " " " ". . . . . . " " (9/9). ( ) . . . . " " . " " . . ( ) : ( .)ethnocentric . . . " ". - - . . . . - . . .

. . . " " (02 /411) . :

. . - - . . * . . ( ). ( ). . - - - . ( ). . : ": ". . . . "". . . ( ) ( ). . . ***

" " (6) :" . ... . ... . ... ( 5-9) ( ).

" " " " " " " " . . : - - ( ). ( ). .. . * . . : . . . " " . . . ( ) . . . () (). (). . . . (6) :

( ) . ( ) ( ): 1- . 2- . 3- . 4- ... . . . . . ( "" "" ). ( 43 53) : - . : " . . . [ ] ( 57 ). : " . " ( 64). "

. " ( 74). . . . "" . . : " " : " " : "" : " ". " " " " " ". : (6/461) (54/3) (24/92) (03/72). " " " " " " " "

- - . . . - . . " " . . " " " ". " " "". .

. ) ) ( " () ( :

(97 /73-

) "

( 14).

. . . . . - . . . . . "" . . . . . . . " " . . . : . ( + ) . . " " 4/95) . :

(

. " " (4/38) . :

)

(

( " " (61/4434) ( ) " " 12/7 8)

: " " " ". " " " " . " " () . : " " ( ) " ". . : " " : . : () . . : ( ). . . . - - .

" " . : : () ( ). : ( ) . : " [ : " " (51/9) ] . . . . . " ". ( ) . : " " . : ( ) . . . : . - - . " " . . : " " ( ) (

) ( ).

.

: ***

. . . . . - - . . . . " " " " . - : . : . . - - .

. - - . - . . . ( " " 92/84)

(63/96)

" " " ". . . . . . . . . : " . : . : " " (2/962).

"

. "

. . :

.

" " () (2/821 921) " (3 /84) " " (4/45) "

( "

"" .

5/011) " (61/521). "

"" "" " " . : " " . ( ). () : ( ) . : . : ( 962 ). : . . ( ). : . . () . ( ). : . : . : ( ) ( ) . : . .

" " (72 /88) . . "". : " " (63 /12) : (13 /21) (3 /85). " " " () "

() (). : ( ) ( ) ( ) : " " . " ". "". : . : () . : : . . . : " " . . : . : . . : . : . : . : . : . - - " "

. . " " . . : " " (61/87) . : " " (/63). . ( ) . . . ) ) ( " ( ( ) ) ( ) ( " (02 /73-24). " " " " : (61/87) " "

" " : . " " . : . " " " " : .

. ( ). ( (12/08) " " " " 11/73) :

" " (72/88).

. . . ( ). . " (82 /51). " ) ( (82/02 12). " .

. : " (02 /404 ) " ( 1) . . . . . . . - -

. . . . ***

. . : . . ) . " ( " 76/1 2)

(

(45 /25 35) ) " " ( " (3 /581) " ) ( ) " ( ) ( " (19/ 7-01). . ( ).

. .

. . : . . " " ( 02 /411) : : ()

:

. . . . . " " (41 /12) " (04 /74 () "

.

84).

. . . . . : . : .

. . . . . - - . . - - . . " ) ( (53 " *** : : " .. . . "" : " " . " " : " " :[ ] ( ) (6 15). . ( ) . ()Semantics . " " () " " :

/72 82).

(

" "

: 03/55).

" " "" . " " . " " " " : ( ). : " " : ( (64/" " " "

01/54) 53).

" "[ () ]. " " " " (): : . : . "" "" . . " ". * : " : " " " " (42/03 13) :[ .. ]. [ . ].

( ) . (6 65 75) ( ). : . ( ) ( ). . 3 /41). . . . ( ). (" " " " (

. :

13/91) " ) ( " (94/2 3). . . . : . : " . ( ). . ( ) - - . () ( ) . . : " "(18/87)

- - . . . . ( ) - - . . * " " " . !" (6 78). : " - - ( 88). " " "

" :

(92

"

/14)

[ . ]. : " ( ) . . . . . : ( ). ! (" "

: 61/86)

(72/81) " ( " " " (2/62)

"

92/14)

" " . ! ( 8979 - ). " " . " " . - . "" ( " ( 9 01 11). : " .." . . : " "( 2 . 012) . :

" : ( : . : ). . ( ) . . ( ) . : " " ( 2/572) ( "" "" "" ). : " " (3 /31) ( " " " " "". ""). ( ) ( ) . : " " (11/76). ( ) : " " (11/49) ( ) . : " . : ( : ) " " (96/7) ( ) " " (45 /02) ( ). " " (2/07) " " " " (37 /81) ( ) " " (28/1) ( ). (

:" " " (61/66)

"

32/12).

. : " ": : . : (

081 ). ( ): . ( ). ( . 113 ): . : " " " " () . ( 981 ): " " . ( . 702 ): . . : ( ). : ( ) . . . ( : ) ( ). " " " " " ". . ( : ) . . : * " " : . : . . ( ) : . . : ( ) :

" ( ) " (61/9686)

. ( ). . . . . *** . . ": " . . : . . - . . . . . * " "(7) ": " : " . . . -

- . - - . ... . . " ( 6 7). . : . : ( ) ( ) . . ". . . . . . : (1) . (2) . (3) . . (4) . (5) " " " " ( ).

" " (92 /02) "

. :

" " (6 841)

(22 / 64)

"

(

(88 / 71-

)

01 / 63) " " (71 / 63) ) (

" "

"

()

" (

02).

- - : . . " " . . (12 / " "

(01 / 93) " ) ( (14 / 4535).

73) "

" " . " " " ". . . . " " ( )dark matter 47% . : . - - - . . ( : ) . "" . . ( ) ( ). . * ": " . . . : " " : "... . " ( 1202 7). : " . . " ( 72).

"". . (5 / " . "

. :

(6 /

" : " (7 / 751) " "

4)

(7 / 13-33).

- () . :

" * "

541)

- ) " ( ) ( ) ) ( () ( ) ) ( ( ) ) ( ( (32 /1-11) ( ) "

: . : ( ) .

( ) (5 / 09-79). "

. . - . " " " " . . " ) " ( " (6 / 361261)

"( ). :

) ( " ( ) ) ( " (32 / 211-511) ) " ( ( ) () ( ) " (12 / 61-02).

: . (: ) . . . . " "

(69 / 6-8).

" " ( ). " ". - - " " ( 72). " "( 03) " "( 82) . . . " ( ) " (34 / 32 42)

. :

: " . " ( 23). ( ) . . . : "

" (5 / 401). "

" ( ) " (2 / 171071)

(6

/ 841 941) " (43 () "

() "

(32 /711).

/ 5242) " "

. . . . . . . " " . ( ) ( ). : (1) . . (2) . - - . " " (14 / 35)

. .

(01 / 92

)

" ( "

03)

(4 / 82) (63 / (81 (

" " " " " "

" "

77)

/ 45)

21 /35).

" : " . " ( 23) . . () . . . . * ( 33 44) ( " ( 03) ) . - - " . . " ". - : ... . : ( ) (7 53). . : " - - " ( 53).

. . . : " () .. - ( ) . - - ( ) " ( 8 7161). " " " " ( 9) : " ... .. " ( 71). . " " " .. .. " ( 961). " .. " (071171). : . " ". . " : " (7 83) . .

( ) ( ). . . : 1- . 2- . 3- . ( ). . " " : . . " " ( ). : 1- ( ): . . : (04 /11) (02 /911811) " "

( ) . ( ). 2- : . () . . () .

" * "

. (17 /71) (57 /8373).) " " " " (

" " (3 /41)

:

:

3- : ( ) "" () "". " ". ( ) . . . (17/171 (02 /) " " (

:

" "

8)

55).

4- : "" ( ) . . " " . : () ()

(17 /81)

" " (53 /9)

(08 / 81-22)

()

" " "

() "

" " (76 /51).

. . . * : " - - . ( ) . ( ) )

. :) " " ( (

(63

"

/17-37) :

(13 /01)

( ) (7 24). . : " . . ( ) " ( 34). . "

"

. :

(6 /83)

"

" "

(53 /82). " " . " (2 / "

461)

: () (

() (+ + + ). " (42 /54) " ) ( ). "

"

(13 /01)

.

. . . " " :" "

(63 /63)

: ( ).

" ( ) " (14 /019)

.

. .

" " (32 /21)) " " ( " "

:

(23 /87))

" " ( 71): " " () : " " ( ) ( ) ( ) - : " (

. ( ) ) ( " ( ) " (23 /7-9).

"" .. :

: ( ) : ( ) () ... ( 09/ 19). . : . . . . * :

- " " : " " " ( ) ! " ". : ( ). " " "" " ( 7 04). . . " " " ". . " " " " (01) " " : " ( ) :) ) ( " (

(59 /4-6)

" "

"

. -

( ) . ( ) . ". ( 01 642). . . : " " " ". " " . . . "" . : . " ". )

:" ( ) ( "

(301 / 1-3)

. . : 1- ( ) () . ( ) ( ). 2- . () ().

3- " " . " " . . . (03 / ) " "

:

(

11) " ( " 76 /21)

" ) ( " (92 / 4636) ) ( " (92 /0291) () "

( " (7

" " " "

: .

2 /82)

/21)

(7

" "

(7 /02)

"

) ) )

" ( ( ) ( (

/22)

( ) ( ) ) ( (02 /711-421) " ) " ( ) ( ) ( (05 /91- ) " ( ) " (

(05 /51)

" "

32)

(35 /

" ) "

(15/ 31

" (

92 03) 21)

)

" ( " (91 / 17 27).

( ) . ( ) . ( : ): () ( ). . . *** " " 5002 (11) " " . . "" - "

"- " " " " " " ( ). : " : () () ( ) ( )" ( 9) . " ( ) () ( 21). " () ( ) ( ) . " " ( ) . . ( ) () " ( 61). " . () " ( 11). " . : " () * " ( 62). " () () ( ) ( ) ( ) . " ( 23). "... () . ( . 2281-4881. ( )Gregor Mendel !

() () " ( 93). " () . () () . : . . () . ( ) (!) . ( ) . ( ) . " ( 82 92- ). .. . . . . (!). . . . * " " : " : " ( 72). ( ) .

: ( ) ( ) . ( ) ( ) . " " : " ". . . . . ( ) . - - . . . ( : ) . . . * " " : " 54 ) ( ) . : " ( "

(35 / 6454)

. * * *

:

!!" ( 92- ) : .

. . ( ). . . : " ". : " ". - . . : ( ) . . . : (03 / 02) (22 / 5)" "

:

" "

" "(53 / 11).

(42 /54) (52

" " " "

:

"

/ 45)

(12 / 03).

"

(23 / 7) " (6 / 2).

"

"

(17 / 71)

"

"

:

(32 / 21).)

" " " "

:

(

:

(23 / 7 8).)

) (

) ) ( " ( ) () ( " (57/63-04)

(35 / 44-74)

( ) "

" (

:

. . " " . . - - . " ) ( ) ( " (22 / 5-7) ) " (

:

: . . ) ( ) ( " ) ) ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ) ( ( ( ) ( ) " (17 / 01-02).

) ( ... ... ... ) ( ) ( (32 / 21- 61). "

. :

* " " " " ( ) ( ) ( ). : . : " () 11 4002 : ( : ) " (11 82). ( ) ( ) . (

). " " . : " " ": " " . . " ( 82). : : " " . . . " ) ) ( ) (

" ...

(69

( ) "

" (

/ 1-5)

. - . : . : . " " . . . . () . () ( : ). : . ( ). : (). . "" . "" "

" ( - ). . " " . . . . (). ( ) : " ( ) . . "" . [ ]: : : . : . - - - . " " . - " (8 81 91) ( ). " " . . . . ( ) . : . -

. ( ) . . . . . . . : " " " ". . : " " " " " " . . . : " . . : : . " (8 2 8). - - . () ( ). ( ) . : . : "" () () ( ). "". () . . . .

. - . " ". : " " ( 11 / 1). "" "" () "

. :1." (

69 / 1 2) 2." " (22/ 5) 3." " (32 / 41) ( ) 4." "

) (

(57 / 32-93) 6." ) ( " (4 /031921) "" " " . "" "" ( ). . " ". "" . "" . :

04 / 76) 5." ( "

- . . ( ) . : " ". "" . () . . : "" " " . . . (" * * "

: 68 / 5-7)

(67 / 1

)

" " (57 / 62 72) "

" (

2)

: ( : ). : ( ). ( ) ( ) ( ) . ( )zygote " " ( .)Fertilized Ovum

( )uterus " " : )

(32 / 31)

) (

) (

" "

(77 / 02-32).

" ( "

"" . ( )hormone "" ()progestron . . " " (). . . . " anckoring "" implantation " ( ) "" ( )Villi "" ( )uterus ( .)abortion . . . . (41) .

Figure 1. Blastocyst Apposition and Adhesion ( ) 41 The diagram shows a preimplantation-stage blastocyst )approximately six to seven days after conception( and the processes thought to be necessary for uterine receptivity and blastocyst apposition and adhesion. COX-2 denotes cyclooxygenase-2, EGF epidermal growth factor, and .LIF leukemia inhibiting factor

. . . . . . . . "" :

" (75 / 02). "

"" . : " ". . " " " " " " . . "" ( Blastula blastos "" )Sprout . " " ( )glyco-conjugates ( 51) : Glyco-conjugates Positive & negative modulators of embryo implantationDD Carson, AL Jacobs, J Julian, LH Rohde and MC Valdizan Abstract A variety of studies indicate that complex glycoproteins participate in or modulate adhesive interactions occurring during embryo implantation. In particular, proteoglycans and proteins that bind proteoglycans are involved at multiple stages of this process. Identification of these binding proteins and the molecular controls over glycoconjugate expression are required to develop a comprehensive understanding of the implantation .process472 - 172 (3)4 Reproduction, Fertility and Development

: : ( : - ). : ( ) ""

-( ). ( :)glyco-conjugate . : ( ) - ( ) ( ). - - . ". : . ( ) * " " " " ( )Embryology : " (!) ( ). ( ) . . . (!) . : : . : . -

- : ( ) (!). : ... . : . " ( 53)) ) ( " ( (32 ) " ( ) (

:

/21-61).

" (22 /5). "

. :

: . .

" " . . " ( ) . : . . . . ( ) "".

( ) . " " (). . ( )derms . ( .)Stem cells ( ). : 1 - : "" ( )ectoderm ()ecto "" "" ( )derm : . 2 - : "" ( .)-endo ( )enon . : . 3 - : "" ( )-meso "" ()derm . ( )mesoderm : ( )bones ( ) muscles (.)tendons () ( )ossify . . " " . . "" ( )Foetus or, fetus . . (

. . ) : " " . . " ". ( ) " "Human Embryos Development . ( ) : ( The Endowment for : "Human EHD )www.ehd.org ."Development Image Gallery "Atlas of "Human Embryos . . . . : . . . . . "" ( )Collagen . . . . ( ) 52% . 07% . () 07% 03% . "" . DNA .

: . . ( .)bone marrow . . . 15 / 0212). ) " ( " ( - . " " " " " ". " " - . . . . () . (2 / . "" : " "

952).

: ( ). ( ) . * .. ( 58). . . . . : . .

() . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( ). : " (94 / 31) "

" " (94 / 11) " " (61 / 79)

" (3 / 591) "

" ) ( ) ( ) ( (4 / " ) " ( " (04 / 93 04) " () (7 / 821 921) " " (9 / 501). "

221-521)

- - . " (75 / 02) " " "

:

(6

"

/ 23)

(3 / 581)

"

)

. :

" ( " (11 /6151).

. . . . . : . " (45 /2535) . " *

. . . . . . . " " ( )Secularism " ". . . "" - ""- . : : . ( .)Secularism -

- (- ) (- ) ( ) " " " ". : . : "" . . . - . - . 6791 ( ) 5991 " : :Secular 1- Occurring once in or lasting for an age or a century 2- Lasting or going on for ages, occurring over an indefinitely long time 3- Concerned with the affairs of this world )wordly(, Sacred, not monastic .Sceptical of religions truth or opposed to religions education, etc ( 6791 ,.)The Concise Oxford Dictionary, 6th. Ed :Secular 1- Concerned with the affairs of this world, not Spiritual or Sacred 2- (of education etc.( not concerned with religion or religious belief 3- .a( not ecclesiastical or monastic .b( )of clergy( not bound by a religious rule 4- .Occuring once in an age or a century 5- .a( lasting for or occurring over an indefinitely long time b( )Astron.( of or designating slow changes in the motion of the sun or plaets (5991 ,)The Oxford English Reference Dictionary

-4

Secularism: n)1851( indifference to. or, exclusion of religion and religious consideration Merriam-Webster's Dictionary( )Encyclopaedia Britannica, Deluxe Edition, 2009 : secularism any movement in society directed away from other worldliness to life on earth. In the European Middle Ages there was a strong tendency for religious persons to despise human affairs and to meditate on God and the after life. As a reaction to this medieval tendency, secularism, at the time of the Renaissance, exhibited itself in the development of humanism, when people began to show more interest in human cultural achievements and the possibilities of their fulfillment in this world. The movement toward secularism has been in progress during the entire course of modern history and has often been viewed as being anti-Christian and antireligious. In the latter half of the 20th century, however, some theologians began advocating secular Christianity. They suggested that Christianity should not be concerned only with the sacred and the other worldly, but that people should find in the world the opportunity to promote Christian values. These theologians maintain that the real meaning of the message of Jesus can be discovered and fulfilled in the everyday affairs of secular urban living.

Encyclopedia Britannica, Deluxe Edition, 2009. " " " ." : " " . . " () " .)2425 /(54

:

. .

: . . . . . . ) " ( ( ) () ) ( ) ( ) ( (54 / 02- "

:

62)

. - . . " " (3 /41) .

:

: . . .

. "". .)

(25 / 92)

(96 / 04-34).

) (

" " () " " (

()

. ( ) ( ) " " (: ). . . : " "(2 /652) . . . - - : " . " (: ). : . - - : " : ( : ) . "." " (9 /43). "

:

: "

(9 /13).

: " " " . . . . : " " : . : " ". : " : " ". " " : . . : : : ( ). . . . . . . . . . . : " . : . ( ) . . ( 21). . . . . . : " " " "" .

. . . . . . . " " "". 1-" " (. : ). . 2-" " (. ). . . : (3 / 951) (3 / 821) (4 /721 671) (82 /65). " " " " " ... " " "

. . . . ( ) . . . 3-" " (. : ). :

. 4-" " (. - ). . . . . . 5-" . . " (. ). . . . : " ". " " " "." " (9/92)

:

. . " " : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ). . .

"" : : () : ( ) " " . (). " " : " " . . . . . : " ". " : " . ( ) . ". " ( ). ( ) ( ) () ( ) ". . . " " : " ... ( . ) .

. ( ) ( ) . . ( ). " ( ). . - - . . . . . : " ". : . " " " " - . : .. . : . ( ) ( ). ( ) . . . " " "" . .

" " : " " (9 / 301). ( ) ( ). ( ) ( ). . . : . ( ) () . . . . . . . * . . " " . . . . - : "" " " " " " ". "" "".

. . . . - - . "". . . . - - . . . . : " 7 /751) " ( . " ". ! . . . : - - . . . . ( ). - - . . . - .

. . . ! : . . . . . : . : . : " (3 /441). "

.

. -- . . . : . :