1

- -

: :

- - - -

2 2009 - 2010

" ` - ` "

" 256 "

3

:- .- .- . :

4

:- .- .- - - . : . .

5

. : ` ` . .` ` ` . ` ` ` ` :2 . ( : . ` :1 - ` `2 - 6 3 - ` 3 . : :1 - ` ` ` ` .2 - .3 - ` ` ` ` .4 . : . V :1 - ` ` " `` " .2 - . . V :1 - .2 - .3 - 7 2010 ` ... 4 - ` ` ` .5 . :1 - ` ` ` ` .2 - .3 - ` `` .4 - ` ` .6 . : ` .7 . : :1 - .2 - ` .8 3 - . 8 . : ` ` ` ` ) ` : : ` ` ( ` ` . ` ) ` : : ( ` ` . ` .

9

10

` ` ) ` ( ) ( :

V : ) ` ( ` ` ) .(

V : `` ) ` ( `` ) ( : V : >V `` .V : : ` - - : ` 11 ` `` - ` - ) 1 (.- " OxfordEnglishdictionary " : ` ) Custom ( ` ` ) 2 (.- " " " LepetitRobert " : ) 3 (.Rite : ensemble de crmonies du culte en usage dans une communaut religieuse. : >V ``` ` .1 - >( : ` `` ``` : : ` - ` ) 4 (. ` " " `` - - - - - : = ) 5 ( . .* ` - ` .- - ` ` :

) 1 ( ) : ( 2 1 1999 382 . : ` 4 414 - 415 .) 2 ( andrituals ths :thestudyofthyMythography ` ` 22 / 02 / 2001 .(3) Le petit Robert, dictionnaire de la langue franaise le Robert, Paris, 1992, p.1721. ) 4 ( `` ` `` 2007 150 .) 5 ( ` ) 158 ( .12 - ` ` - ` - .- ` ` ` ` . ` - `` `` ` ` ` - ) 6 (. : - : - ` ) 7 ( . - ` - . ` ` ` - ) 8 (.- . ` ` ` `` - - : V = ) 9 ( :

) 6 ( ` `` `` `` 17 2005 1 - 3 .) 7 ( 3 2003 249 .) 8 ( 3 - 5 .) 9 ( ` ) 2 ( .13 = ) 10 ( > : = ) 11 (. `` ` `` ... . ` ` ` ) 12 (. ` ` . ` ` ` - ` ` ` ` : > V ... ) 13 ( ` ` ` ` ) 14 (. ` `` ` ` - ` ) 15 (. ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` .2 - V V :

) 10 ( ` ) 32 (.) 11 ( ` ) 36 ( .) 12 ( - - ) ( 16 - 17 .) 13 ( ` ) 30 ( .) 14 ( `` 2004 419 .) 15 ( `` 1984 197 : ` 1984 405 .14 ` ` : ` ) 16 (.` ` ` ` ` ) 17 (. ` " " ` ` ` ) 18 (. ` ` " ArnoldvanGennep " ` ` ` ) 19 (.- ` " " ` ` ` : ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 20 (.- ` ` ` ) 21 (.

) 16 ( " - - ` ` " 03 2008 157 .) 17 ( - ` - - ` ) ( 178 .) 18 ( 157 .) 19 ( - 178 .) 20 ( 158 .) 21 ( 15815 - ` `" " ` ` " " ` ` ) 22 (.3 - : ` : `` ` ) 18 ( : ... ... ( ... .- ) 18 ( ` : ... ... ... .- ` ` ` ) 9 :( ... ... . 144 2 09 / 01 26 2001 ` ` ` `` ` ` ``) 23 (.- 19 ` : ` ` ` ` ) 24 (. ` : " ` " ` ` . : ` ` ` ` ) 25 (. ` .

) 22 ( 158 .) 23 ( 151 .(24) LouisFavoreuetautres,Droitdeslibertsfondamentales,Dalloz,Paris,4 medition, 2007, p.227. ) 25 ( 17 .16 ` `) 26 ( V ) ( `` ) 27 ( . : >V `` .

V : ) 28 ( ` ` ` " " ) 29 (. ` `) 30 (. ` ` ) 31 (. : >V `` `` .

(26)- Gilles LEBRETON, Liberts publiques et droit de lhomme, 6eme dition, Armand Colin, 2005, p. 399. ) 27 ( - :- 1 2000 72 - 73 .- ` 1 1998 316- Gilles LEBRETON, op. cit, p. 399. ) 28 ( - :- ` 13 167 .- 4 1990 218 .) 29 ( - - ` - 1970 30 .) 30 ( ` - - 1 1986 6 .) 31 ( - 31 .17 1 - >( : ` ` - ) 32 (. ` `` ` ) 33 (. ` ` ` ` ` ) 34 ( ` ` ` ) 35 (. :1 - 2 - ` ` : = ) 36 (.3 - ` : V = V V ) 37 (.4 - : ) 38 (. : ) 39 (. : > > ` `) 40 ( . : = ) ( >V > V ) 41 ( : ( V ) 42 (.2 - :

) 32 ( `` - - 2008 9 .) 33 ( ` " " ` 4 2008 50 .) 34 ( 10 .) 35 ( ` 50 .) 36 ( ` ) 22 ( .) 37 ( ` ) 40 ( .) 38 ( ` ) 1 ( .) 39 ( ` ) 5 - 6 () 40 ( - 33 .) 41 ( 1990 90 .) 42 ( 7 .18 : ` ` ` Ceceron : ` - ) 43 (. ` " Kant " : ` ) 44 (. ` " Michel Mayer : - " Max Muller " : ` ` ` - ) 45 (. : ` ) 46 (. . ` : ` ` . ` " " : ` - ` .. . ` ` ) 47 (. ` " > " " Goblet dAlviella " : `` ) 48 (. ` ` ` `

(43) Encyclopediauniversalis,diteurs,A,PressdeS.NPaulDupontchichy,Paris,1989, p.752. ) 44 ( 7 .) 45 ( `` 2002 76 .) 46 ( - 35 .) 47 ( 77 - 78 .(48) La grande encyclopdie des sciences, des lettres et des arts, tome 28, socit anonyme de la grande encyclopdie, A Arrault et cie, Paris, p.342 etc. 19 ` ... . ) 49 (. ) 50 ( . : >( ) 51 (. : ) 52 ( . ) 53 ( ` : V : - ` `` . : - : . ` ` : V : `` . : ` ) 54 (. ` ` : ` - ` - `` ` ` ` ` ) 55 (. :- `` - `

) 49 ( - 37 .) 50 ( 7 .) 51 ( ` ) 85 .() 52 ( ` ) 6 .() 53 ( 7 .) 54 ( 8 - 9 .(55) 8 .20 - ` ` ` ) 56 (.3 - : ` ` ` ` 22 " " " " ) 18 ( ` ` ` ` ` . ` ` ` ` ) 57 (. ` 4 / 10 : ` ` ` ) 58 (. ` ` ` 1983 : ` ` ` `

(56). 79 .(57)"CivilandPoliticalrights,includingtheQuestionofreligiousintolerance",reportsubmitted byAbdelfattahAmor,commissionon Humanrights,fifty-eighthsession,item11, E/CN.4/2002/73/Add.2,24 April 2009, p.6. (58) " Promotion and Protection of All Human Rights, civil, Political, Economic, social and CulturalRights,IncludingtheRightstoDevelopment",RportofthespecialReporteron freedom of religion or belief, Asma Jahangir, Humman Rights council, Sixth session, Item 3, A/HRC/6/5, 20 July 2007, p. 6. 21 ` ) 59 ( ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `` ` ) 60 ( ` ` ) 61 ( ` ` ` `) 62 (. ` ) 63 (

: > V ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` 1993 : `

) 59 ( - ` ` 2008 150 151 .) 60 ( - 2 1996 .) 61 ( - 178 1996 .) 62 ( - - 2006 16 .(63)-"The Complexity of Religion and the definition of Religion ininternational law" , 5 Jullet 2003, p. 1 , in www.Religion.info.22 ` ` ) ` ( ` ) ( ) ( :V : > ` :V : ` ` ` `` ` ) 64 (. ` ` ` ` ` ) 65 (. ` ` ` `) 66 (. ` ` ` ) 67 (. ` ) 68 (.

) 64 ( - - `` ` - ` 2009 18 .) 65 ( - 19 .) 66 ( - " ` " : basmagm.Word press.com) 67 ( : 19 `` ` 1948 19 1966 10 ` ` 1950 13 ` ` ` 1969 9 ` ` 1981 : 32 1996 13 1946 38 2005 47 1971 ... .23 : ` `` ` `` ) 69 ( . ``` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) ( ` . ) 18 / 1 ( ` ` ` ` ` `` ) 70 (.- ` ` `` . ` ` ` ) 71 ( 20 / 2

) 68 ( : 178 - 181 .) 69 ( .) 70 ( .) 71 ( 19 1966 .24 . ` 1981 ) 6 ( ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ...) 72 (. ` . : > V ` :V : ( ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` : ` ` ` ` ` ) 73 (. ` ` ` ` ) 74 ( .

) 72 ( .) 73 ( `` 1 1998 250 .) 74 ( 34 .25 ` ` ) 75 (. ` . ` ` `` ` 20 ` ` ` . ` 21 ` ` ` ` . ` ` ` ` ` `) 76 (. : V ` ` ` ` ` ` `` `````` `` ` ) ( : " = ") 77 (

) ( `` : " ") 78 (

) 75 ( 34 .) 76 ( : 11 ` ` ` 1950 15 ` ` ` 1969 11 ` ` 1981 41 ` 2004 .) 77 (- ` ) 61 .() 78 ( - ` ) 152 .(26 ``` ` ````) 79 ( . : > ` .V : ` .) 80 (

`` ` ` ` ` ` ` . ` ` ` ` ` `) 81 ( : V > V V V V ) 82 ( . ```` 1817 ` ` `

) 79 ( - ` : 18 ``` 1948 18 / 1 1966 1 / 1 ` 1981 9 / 1 ```` 1950 12 / 1 `` ` 1969 30 / 2 `2004 .) 80 ( - ` - 2003 278) 81 ( 263 .) 82 ( ` ) 31 - 33 ( .27 `` ) 83 (. ` ` ` `` ` ` 26 ` . 13 ` ` ) 13 / 2 / 8 ( ` ` ` ` 13 ) 21 ( 13 : ` ` ) 84 (. 1989 28 :" 1 - `` ` :- ` . - ` . - . - ` ` . - ` .2 - ` ` ` .3 - `` ` ``

) 83 ( - `` ` ` - 1 2004 169 .) 84 ( ` 2 1 2007 310 .28 ". ` `) 85 (. ` ` ` ` 17 / 1 ` `` ) ( 13 ``` ` ` 2 17 ` . ` ` ` ` 3 / ` ` ` ) 86 ( . : ` . ` ` ` `` ` `` ` ` . ` ` . ` ` `

) 85 ( - 29 1989 .) 86 ( 9 1960 .29 ` ` ` .

: ` ` ` ` ` ` ) ` ( ) .(

V : ` ` ` : V : ` ` ` ` ` ) 87 (. * .V : 1200 . ) 88 ( `

) 87 ( ` - ` - 2005 30 .) 88 ( ` ` 1 2003 41 .30 ` ) 89 (. ` ) 90 (. ` ` ` ) ( ) ( ) ` ( ` ) 91 (. ` : ` ` ` - - ... ) 92 (. ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 93 ( . ` ) 94 (. ` ` ` : - ) 95 (. :

) 89 ( 31 .) 90 ( 43 .) 91 ( 31 .) 92 ( - 32 .) 93 ( 32 - 33 .) 94 ( `` 2 5 2002 121 - 122 .) 95 ( ) ( 15 - 16 .31 14 8 . 06 ` ` ` ` 212 ` " " ) 106 - 43 ( . ) 96 ( ": ` ` ") 97 (. ` ` ` " Isis " " Mithra " ` `` ` ` ` " Varon " ` ` `` ) 98 (. ` - - ) 99 (. ` `` ` 64 . ` 29 . ` 82 " " `

) 96 ( 43 - 44 .(97)- Hyam Maroue, Librs Publiques, 1ed ,Entreprise Universitaires dEtude et de Publication, 1992 , p. 14.) 98 ( - 18 .) 99 ( 122 .32 ` ` ` ` ` ) 100 (. ` ` ` ` ` `` ` " Aurlien )" 270 - 275 .( ` ` 313 `) 101 (. 4 ` 319 ` 395 `) 102 (.` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) ( ) () 103 (. ` ` 508 ` ` ) 104 (.

) 100 ( 91 - 93 .) 101 ( 1 2008 129 - 136 .) 102 ( 44 - 45 176 .) 103 ( 136 .) 104 ( 45 .33 ` ` ` ) 105 ( `` ` ` ` " " " )" 64 ( " )" 106 ( " )" 249 ( ) 106 ( " ") 305 ( ` ) 107 (. : ` ` ` ` ` ) ( ` ` ) 108 (. " " ` " " ` ` ` " " " "` ` ` " " `) 109 ( . " " ` `) 110 ( " " " " " " ` `) 111 (. " " ` ` ` " " " "

) 105 ( 34 .) 106 ( 131 .) 107 ( 34 .) 108 ( - 120 - 121) 109 ( 121 - 122 .) 110 ( ` 2007 85 .) 111 (- 122 .34 " " " " " " . ` ` " " . ` ` ` " V " ) 112 (. 3200 . ` ) 2134 ( . ` ` ) 113 ( ) 1570 ( . ` : V ) 114 (. ` ` ` : ) 115 ( . : V > V ) 116 (. ` ` . ``) 117 (. ` ` ` `) 118 (. ` " "

) 112 ( 122 - 124 .) 113 ( . ` ` :- 46 - 49.) 114 ( ` ) 24 ( .) 115 ( ` ) 49 ( .) 116 ( ` ` ) 124 ( .) 117 ( 62 .) 118 ( 37 .35 " " " " ` ` " ") 119 (. ") 120 (. ` ` ` ` ") 121 (. ` ` ) 122 (.

: ` `` ` : `` . :V : ` ` ` ` ` -) 123 (. ` ` `

) 119 ( 48 .) 120 ( - 10 .) 121 ( 90 .) 122 ( 28 .) 123 ( 129 .36 ` ` ` ` ` ) 124 (. 1493 " ( " ` - ` ` ` ) 125 ( . . ` LEpitre aux Romains - - - ` ` ) 126 ( . ) 127 ( ` ` ) 128 (. ` ` ` ` ) 129 (. ` " " 20 ` 1208 " "

) 124 ( 64 .) 125 ( `` 5 8 1957 786 .) 126 ( 137 .) 127 ( `` 2004 16 .) 128 ( 137 .) 129 ( 17 .37 ` ) 130 (. `` ) 131 ( `) 132 (. ` ` `` ` :- ` ` - ` ) 133 (. ` 1555 ` ) 134 ( ` ` ` ) 135 ( ` ) 136 (. ` ` " " ` ) ( 1215 ` ` ` ` `) 137 (.

) 130 ( 60 - 61 176 .) 131 ( `` - - 1 1975 78 .) 132 ( 61 .) 133 ( 65 .) 134 ( 66 .(135) Henry Kissinger, La nouvelle puissance amricaine, traduit par odile Demange, Fayand, Paris, 2003, p.263.) 6 ( - 66 .) 137 ( 61 - 62 .38 ` ` ) 138 (. ` ` ) 139 (. : >( `` 17 ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 140 (. `` ` ` ) 141 (. ) 142 (. ` ) 143 ( ` ` ``) 144 (. `` ` ` ) 145 (. `` ` ` ``) 146 (.

) 138 ( 62 .) 139 ( - 108 .) 140 ( 54 .) 141 ( " ` ` " `` 4 8 2004 62 .) 142 ( - " ` `` - `` ` - " 27 1 2003 143 .) 143 ( - ` 2005 104 .) 144 ( 138 .) 145 ( 56 .) 146 ( ` `` ` ` ) ( 75 .39 `` ` ` ` ` ` ` `` ` `` ) 147 (. ``` ` ` ` ` ` ) 148 (. `` : ` ) 149 (. ` `` :1 - ( : `` ` `) 150 (. `` ` ) 151 ( ` : V ) 152 (. ` - - - : : ` " " ) :( ` ` ` - : ) ( : - . ` ` ) 153 (.

) 147 ( ` ` ` ``` 2003 102 .) 148 ( 140 .) 149 ( `` 2 5 2002 46 .) 150 ( - 105 .) 151 ( 92 .) 152 ( ` ) 256 .() 153 ( 3 1 1991 20 .40 ` ` : ) 154 ( : ) 155 ( . : V V V = V ) 156 (. ` ` ` :1 - : ) 157 (.2 - ` ` ` ` .3 - ` ` ` ` ` `` ` ) 158 (.4 - `` ` .5 - ```` ` ` ` ` ` `` ` `) 159 (. ` `` : : - ) ( : : ` : ` ) 160 (.2 - : ` ` ` `` : V ) 161 (. : > ) 162 ( ` : V V V ) 163 (.

) 154 ( ` ) 29 .() 155 ( ` ) 21 - 22 .() 156 ( ` ) 99 - 100 .() 157 ( ` ) 99 .() 158 ( `` 3 1987 116 .) 159 ( 16 - 17 .) 160 ( 146 - 147 .) 161 ( ` ) 101 .() 162 ( ` ) 24 .() 163 ( 78 .41 `` ` ` ) 164 ( : ) 165 ( : = V V ) 166 (.3 - :` ) 167 ( `` - ` ) 168 ( ` `` `` ) 169 ( . ) ( ) ( ` ` ) 170 (. `` :1 - ) 171 ( : > : V : = . ) 172 (.2 - ` ) 173 (. `` ` .

) 164 ( " " 38 .) 165 ( ` ) 22 .() 166 ( ` ) 170 .() 167 ( 139 .) 168 ( `` 5 1990 123 .) 169 ( 138 .) 170 ( 2 2 1979 448 .) 171 ( - ) ( 339 .) 172 ( ` ) 97 .() 173 ( 138 - 139 .42

: ` `` ` ` ` 1648 ) 174 (. ` ` ` ) 175 (. ) 16 ( ` ) 19 ( ` `` ` ) 17 ( ` " Rhode island " ` ` `` ) 18 ( ) 1789 ( ````` ` :Nul ne doit tre inquit pour ses opinions mme religieuses pourvu que leur manifestation ne trouble pas lordre Public) 176 (. `` - ` ) 18 ( ` ` ` ` ` ) 177 (

) 174 ( :- 149 .- 1 1999 28 .) 175 ( ` ` - - 1 2007 37 .) 176 ( 203 .) 177 ( 138 .43 ` ) 178 (. ` ` ) 18 ( ` ` ` : ` ` :1 - ` ` 2 - ` ` 1789 : ` ` ` ` `` ` : ` ` ) 179 ( ": ") 180 (. ` 1815 1919 ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 181 (. ` ` ` ` ` 2 / 2 ` ` ) 182 (.

) 178 ( 149 .) 179 ( " " `` 2 5 2002 141 - 142 .(180) - Hyam Maroue, op. cit, p. 72-73., voir aussi :- Robert Charvin, Jean-Jacques Sueur, Droits de lhmme et liberts de la personne, 2eme dition, Litec,1997, p. 201.) 181 ( ` 48 - 49 .) 182 ( :44

` ` ` ` ` 06 1941 `) 183 (. :1 - ` ) 184 ( ) 185 ( ` ` ` ) 186 (.2 - 3 - 4 - ` 5 - ` ` 6 - 7 - ` ) 187 (. ` ) ` ( ) .(

TousleshabitantsdelaPologneaurontdroitaulibreexercice,tantPublicqueprivdetoutefoi religionoucroyance,dontlaPratiqueneserapasincompatibleaveclordrePubliqueetlesbonnes moeurs. ) 183 ( :- ` ` ` 1998 12 .- " ` - ` - " 2 2007 164 .(184)-Robert Jacques, Liberts et droit Fondamentaux, 5eme dition, Dalloz, 1994, p. 284. (185) Idem, p. 286. (186) Frdric Sudre, Droit europen et international des droit de lhomme, 9 dition, puf, p. 511. ) 187 ( 142 .45

V : ( ` ` ` ` ` ` :V : ` :1 - V 1945 : ` ` ` ) 188 ( II ` ) 189 ( . ` 26 / 06 / 1945 25 / 10 / 1945 ` ` ` ` ` `) 190 (. ` ` ... ( V > > ` ` 13 : ... ` ` ` ` . 55 : ` ` ` ... 76 ) ( ` ` ... . ` .

) 188 ( 52 .) 189 ( " " 3 2003 44 .) 190 ( 44 .46 55 ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 191 (. ` ` ` `) 192 ( . ` ` ) 193 (.2 - >( ( 1948 : ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `` ` ` 10 1948 ) 194 (. `` ` ` `) 195 (. `` ` ` ` `` ` ` ` `` `) 196 (.

) 191 ( 38 .) 192 ( 14 16 .) 193 ( 45 .) 194 ( 46 .) 195 ( 56 .) 196 ( 46 .47 `` `` ` ... . `` `` : ` . `` ` ` ` ) 197 (. `` ` `` ` `` . `` `` ``) 198 (. `` `` ` `` `` ` ` ) 199 (.3 - 1966 :) 200 (

`` ` ` ` ` ) 201 (.

) 197 ( 30 - 31 .) 198 ( ` 158 - 159 .(199) 97 .) 200 ( ` :- 48 - 59 75 - 78 .48 ` 16 1966 ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 202 ( ` ` ) 203 ( ` 23 1976 ) 204 ( ` . 18 :1 - ` .2 - ` ` .3 - ` ` ` ` ` ` `.4 - ` ` ` `` . ` ` ) 18 ( `` ` ` ` 18 `` ` 18 / 2 4 / 2 . ` 18 `

) 201 ( 47 .) 202 ( 47 .) 203 ( 47 .) 204 ( . " ` ` " ` 61 1991 22 .49 ` ` ` . ` ` ` `` ` . ` ` 20 / 11 / 1989 `` ` ) 205 (. 5 / 1 / 2 ` 1981 ) 206 (. ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `) 207 (. ` ` ) 18 ( ` 66 ) 48 ( ) 18 ( ) 18 ( . ` ` `) 208 (.

) 205 ( ` 2 274 .) 206 ( : 33 .) 207 (- ` 2 274 313 .) 208 ( ` 2 273 - 274 .50 ` 18 ` ` ) 209 (.4 - > 1981 : 18 ` ` ` ` 20 ` 1981 ` ) 210 ( 36 / 55) 211 ( 25 1981 ) 212 (. `` ` ` ` `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `` ` . `` 8 ) 213 (. ` :1 - ` .2 - ` .

) 209 ( - :- ` `` ` ` ` ` - ` 2008 334 - 338.) 210 ( - " " ` 1 :www1.umn.edu/humanrts/.../SGreligion.html ) 211 ( 32 .) 212 ( 31 .) 213 ( 32 .51 3 - ` ` ` `` ` ` . : 1 - ` .2 - `` ` ` ` .- ) 06 ( `` `` : ) 01 ( `` ) 03 ( - ` -1 - ` ` .2 - ` .3 - ` .4 - ` .5 - ` .6 - ` .7 - .8 - ` ` .9 - `` ` . `` ) 03 ( ` ` `52 ` `` ` ` ` `) 214 (.` ` ` `` ` `) 215 (.5 - V 1989 : ` 20 1989 44 / 25 02 1990 ` 191 ` ` ` ` ` ) 216 (. ` 54 ` : 14 ` : 1 - ` .2 - ` ` .3 - ` ` ` ` ` ` `` ) 217 (.` ` ` ` ` ` 18 ` ` ` ` . ` 14 ` `` `` ` ) 218 (.

) 214 ( `` 4 5 7 8 : 33 .) 215 ( - " " 2 .) 216 ( 2004 69 72 .) 217 ( ` ` ` 44 / 25 20 1989 .) 218 ( `` `2007 116 .53 ` 14 / 1 / 2 ` ` ` `` 35 : ` 84 - 11 9 1948 ` ) 62 ( ) 219 (. ` ) 30 ( ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 220 (. ` 1981 ) 5 / 1 / 3 / 4 () 221 (. : ( `` ` `` :

1 - V V ( V 1950 : 04 1950 ` ` ` ` 03 1953 ` ` ` 59 ` ` `) 222 (.

) 219 ( 86 .) 220 ( 152 .) 221 ( 33 .) 222 ( 33 - 34 .54 ) 09 ( ` ` ` : 1 - ` ` ` .2 - ` ` ` ` . ` ` " ` " `` ` " ") 223 ( . ` ` ` ` ) 9 ( ` .` ` ` ` ` ` ` `) 224 (.2 - V V ( 1969 : ` ` ` 02 / 11 / 1969 ` 18 1978 ` ` 82 . 12 ` ` ` : 1 - ` ` .

(223)- Frdric Sudre, op. cit, p. 510) 224 ( 102 .55 2 - ` .3 - ` ` ` `` ` .4 - ` ` `` ` .3 - ( ( 1981 : ` ` 1981 21 1986 ` ` 68 . ` ` ` ` ) 225 (. ` ` ` : ` ` .4 - ( 2004 : ` 1971 ` 8 ` 1985 ` ` 8 1993 ` " " . 39 1985

) 225 ( 89 .56 4 ) : 40 41 42 43 ( 15 1994 ) 226 (.- 15 1994 ) ( ) ` ( ` ` ) 2003 (" " ` 1994 ) 2003 1994 .( 2003 ` 1994 ` 1994 :) ` ( `` ` ) 1983 ( ` ) 1990 ( ` `` ) 2003 () 227 (. ` 16 270 23 2004 ) 23 / 5 / 2004 ( 7 ) ` ` ( 2004 1994 ` ` 30 2008 ` ) 228 (. 53 ` ` ` ` ` ` `` ` ` ` ``) 229 (.

(226) Liquedes EtatsArabes/Le Caire,15 September1994,in BibliothqueJeanneHersch, http://www.droit shumains.Org/biblio/TXTArab doc(227) Nabil Maamari, Les droits de lhomme dans le cadre rgionale Arabe , dans le cite : www.cedroma.usj.edu.lb/pdf/drtsfond/maamari.pdf (228)- " ` " :www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=194996) 229 ( ` ` 2009 153 .57 - ` 2004 30 : 1 - ` ` .2 - ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` .3 - ` ` ` - ` ` 18 ` ` .- 25 " ` ` ` ."` ` 27 ` ` .5 - >( ( > 1990 :```` 31 - 4 1990 ` ` `` `` ` ` `` ` `` ` ) 230 (.

) 230 ( ` 2 2 2005 39 - 40 .58 ` ` `` ``) 231 ( : ``` ` ` ` ` ` ` `` ``` ````` `` .` `` ` ` ` `` : ` . ` `` ``````) 232 ( ` `` . : ` `` ` ` ` ) 233 (. ` ` ) 234 (.

) 231 ( ) 01 ( `` ` ` 1990 .) 232 ( ` ` ` 1999 250 .) 233 ( 45 - 46 .) 234 ( - 2007 49 .59 `` ` .

V : >( `` .1 - : 36 1989 1996 : ` ``) 235 (. ` ` ` 1996 : `` ` 36 1996 . ` ` 1996 ) 236 ( ````) 237 (` ` 9 / 3 `` ` 1954 73 / 2 ` `` 76 `` . 173 / 3 / 4 `` .

) 235 ( 90 .) 236 ( 36 2 1996 .) 237 ( 99 .60 ` `` ` . ` ` 1963 ` 04 : `` ) 238 (. 36 1996 `` ` 06 - 03 28 2006 ` `` ` `` .2 - : 35 1973 : 1 - ` ` .2 - ` .3 - : 9 1946 : ` -`` ` ` ` ` ` ` . ` ` ` 7 1951 ` 41 : ``

) 238 ( 04 1963 36 1996 .61 ` .` ` ` ` ` `` ` ` ) 239 (. ` ` ` ` ` ) 240 (.4 - : `` :) 241 (.` ` ` `` ``` ` ` .5 - : 28 1971 ) 242 (

) 239 ( 317 - 318 .) 240 ( 178 .) 241 ( 54 .62 46 : . ` ) 1923 ( ) 12 ( ) 13 ( ` ` ` . 46 1971 ` ` ) 243 (. 1971 ` ` . ` 263 1960 ) ( `` ` ` `` ` ) ( - ) 244 (. ` ) 2 ( 1980 `) `` ( ` ` ) 46 ( ` `) 245 ( `` `

) 242 ( ` ` ``` ` ` - - ) ( 579 .) 243 ( 111 .) 244 ( ` - ) ( 282 .) 245 ( 283 .63 `) 246 ( ` ) 46 ( . `` ) `` ( ` ` ) 247 (.` ) 19 ( ) 248 ( ) 249 (. `` ) 250 (.6 - V : ` 1952 ) 14 ( ` ` ` ) 251 ( 14 : ` ` . ` `` ` ` `` ````` ` ` ` ` .` ` ) 252 (.7 - :

) 246 ( 142 .) 247 ( 284 - 285 .) 248 ( 52 .) 249 ( 111 .) 250 ( 52 .) 251 ( " ``` " 25 ` 2 1998 335 .) 252 ( 109 .64 16 / 07 / 1970 ) 253 ( 25 1925 ` ` ` ` . 1990 62 ` ` ` `) 254 ( .

7 / ` : `` ) 255 ( 2005 ) 43 ( : V : - : - . - ` . : - ) 256 (. ` ` . 46 : ` ` ` . . .

) 253 ( 52 .) 254 ( 113 .) 255 ( 318 .) 256 ( 42 2005 " : " 41 " ` ."65 ` ` ` ` ` ) 257 (. : V ` .1 - V V : ` ` 1791 `` ) 258 ( : `` ` . ` . ` . ` " : `` ) ( ` ` `` `` ``` ` ` `

) 257 ( `2009 68 - 69 . (258) Brain J, "The Dmographis of Faith" U. S Dpartement of State/ August 2008/ Volume 13/ November 8, p.13, In :http://www.america.gov/ publications/ ejournalusa. Html.66 ") 259 (. ` ` - `` `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 260 (. ` ` ``` ` ` 1943 ` `` ) 261 (. ` ) 262 ( ` 1938 ` 1948 ` ` ` ` ) 263 (. . ` `

) 259 ( ` ` 1987 45 . (260) Brain J, Op. Cit, p.13. (261) Idem, p.13- 14. ) 262 ( 55 - 56 . ) 263 ( 151 .67 `` ` ` ` ``` ) 264 ( ` ` 1952 ) 265 ( .2 - : ) 1958 ( ` ``1789 ) 1946 ( ` ` 1946 ` 1958 ) 266 ( .``` ) 1789 ( : ` ` ` ` . 1946 ` ) 267 (. ` 1958 ` ` .- ` ` ` 1789 1946 ` ` ` `

) 264 ( 55 - 56 .) 265 ( 151 .) 266 ( 104 .) 267 ( 56 - 57 .68 ) 268 (.` 1905 ``` ) 269 (.3 - ( : ` ` ` ` ` ` 1225 1688 ` ) 270 (. ` ` . ) 271 (.4 - V : ` ``) 272 ( ) 04 ( ` ` La libert de conscience et de croyonce ) 273 (.5 - ( :```` ` ` ) 274 ( :

) 268 ( 105 .) 269 ( 152 .) 270 ( 57 .) 271 ( 149 - 150 .) 272 ( 177 . (273) Louis Favoreu et autres, Op.Cit , p.225. ) 274 ( 177 . 69 ` ` ` ` ) 275 (.6 - :` : ` ` `` ` ) 276 (. ` ` ` `` ` ` ` ` ` ) 277 (. ` ` .` 1988 ` ` ` 116 ` ` ` ` 1988 `` 69 % %% % ` ) 278 (.7 - V : ` 1977 : ` ` ` ) 279 (. 124 1936 : ` ` .

) 275 ( 19 ` 1947 .) 276 ( 116 .) 277 ( 150 .) 278 ( 150 .) 279 ( 52 ` 1977 .70 52 1977 ` ` ` ) 280 ( ` `` ` ` . ) 281 (.` ` `````` " " ` " " ` ` : ` ` ``` ) 282 (. ` " " : ` ) 283 (. ` ` ` " ` " .

) 280 ( 106 .) 281 ( 180 .) 282 ( 107 - 109 .) 283 ( - 108 .71 ` `` ` ` ` ` . ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` .` ` : . ` .

72

``73 ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` . ` ` `` ` ` ` ` ` . ) ` ( ` ) .(

V : ` `` ` ` ` . ) ` ( ) ( :

V : ` ) ` ( ` ` ) ( :

V : ` ` 74 ` ` `` :V : V ` `` ` ` ` .1 - V :` ``` ` ` .* ( ( > 1948 : 29 / 1 ` `` :- ` .- ` `` .``` ` . 30 `` ` ` ` ` ` . * 1966 :` ` ` ` ` 75 ` ` `) 284 (. 18 / 3 ` ` ` ` . ) 05 ( : 1 - ` ` .2 - ` ` ` .* V > 1981 : `` 1 / 3 " ` ` ```` ` ."``` 18 / 3 .

* V 1989 : ` ` 14 : ````` ` ` ` .2 - ( V :

)284 ( 74 .76 ` `` ` ` ` ` .* V V ( 1950 : `` 9 / 2 : ` ` ` . ` 17 ` ` ` . ` 30 ` `` .* V ( V 1969 :` ` ` ` ` ` 12 / 2 ` `` ` ` ` ` ` 30 " ` `` ." ` ``` . 29 ` :77 - ` ` ` ` ` . - ... . 17 ` ` .* ( ( 1981 :`` 8 ` . ` . ` ` ` ` ) 285 (.

* ( 2004 : ` 2004 ` ` 30 / 2 : ` ` ` `` ` ` . 43 : ` `

)285 ( ` 2001 149 .78 `` . 17 ` ` 29 ` ` . `` ` ` ` `` ` `` ```` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` .

: V : :1 - : ` ` ` .` .* : 79 ` ` ) 286 ( ` ` ` ` ``` ` ` ` ` 06 - 03 28 2006 (*) ` `` ` ` ` ) 287 (.

* : ` `` ) 288 ( ` 19 ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` .2 - ( : ` :* :

)286 ( : 14 ` 1952 35 1962 9 1946 35 1973 36 1996 46 1971 .(*) : 12 2006 25 - 27 .)287 ( 162 .)288 ( 10 ` ` 1789 .80 ``` ` ` ` ) 289 ( ` ` ``` `) 290 (. ` ` ..." ` ` ` ` ") 291 (. ` ` ` :1 - ` ` ) 292 ( ` ` 2 - ` ` ` 3 - ) (... ) 293 (. 10 2004 ` ` `) 294 (. `` `

)289 ( 195 - 196 .)290 ( 196 .)291 ( 05 ` ` 1789 .)292 ( 06 ` ` 1789 .)293 ( 197 .)294 ( " ` " ` ` 11 2004 189 - 190 .81 ` ` . ` ` ` 105 1970 " " ` ` ` . ` ) 295 (.

* ( :` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` .1 - ` 2 - 3 - `` ` ` ` ` ` `) 296 (. `` ` ` `

)295 ( 200 - 201 .)296 ( 202 .82 ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 297 (. ` 538 ``` ` 1952 `` 1950 ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 298 ( ` ` ` ) 299 (. : ` ` ``) 300 ( . ` :V : ```` ` `

)297 ( 203 .)298 ( ` 12 / 02 / 2009 2 . :https://www.eucohr.com/articles.php?id=107)299 ( 152 .)300 ( 29 / 2 ` `` 18 / 3 1 / 3 ` ` 9 / 2 ` ` ` 12 / 3 ` ` ` .83 ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 301 (.` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 302 (. ` ` ```` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 303 (. ` ` ` HandySide ` ` ` ` ` `

)301 ( ` 2005 251 -253 .)302 ( ` 2 82 .)303 ( ` 2 91 - 92 .84 ` ) 304 (.` `` `` ` ) 305 (. ` ` ) 306 (. ` " ." ` ` ` `` ` `) 307 (. ` ` ` ` ` ` " " `` : " ` ") 308 (. " " ``

)304 ( ` 1 1 2008 178 .)305 ( - - ` 2009 47 .)306 ( 15 .)307 ( ` 2 88 .)308 ( ` 1 171 .85 ` ` ` ` `` ` ` ` ) 309 (. ` ` ` ` ) 310 (. `` . : ` ` ` ` ) 311 (. ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) ` ( . `` ``

)309 ( ` 2 82 - 83 208 .)310 ( ` 2 83 .)311 ( ` 1 171 .86 `` `` `` ` ) 312 (. ` 9 1989 ` 208 / 1986 18 / 3 ` ` " ` ") 313 (. 2006 ``` ` ` ) 314 (. ` 22 18 ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 315 (. 2009 `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 316 (. :

)312 ( ` 2 83 ` 1 172 .(313) "Civil and political rights, including the question if religious intolerance", Report of the special reporter on freedom of religion or belief, Asma Jahangir, Commission on human rights, Sixty second session, item 11, E/CN.4/2006/5, 9 January 2006, p.13. (314) Idem, p.15. (315) Ibid, p.15.

(316)"PromotionandProtectionofallhumanrights,civil,political,economic,Socialandcultural rights, Including the right to development", Report of the special reporter on freedom of religion or belief, Asma Jahangir, Human rights council, Tenth session, Item 3,A/HRC/10/8, 6 January 2009, p.17. 87 " " `` ` ` ) 317 (.` ` ` ` ` : ` ```` ` ` ` ` ` ) 318 (. 2006 ` ) 319 (. `` ) 320 (.` 22 18 / 3 ) 321 (. ` ` ``` ) ( ` `` ` 9 ` ` `

)317 ( ` 1 172 .)318 ( ` 1 173 .(319) "Civil and political rights", E/CN.4/2006/5, Op. Cit, p.15. (320) Idem, p.19.

(321) Idem, p.15.

88 ```` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `` `` ` ` ` ) 322 (. ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` .` ` " " ` ` ` ` ) 323 (. `` " " ` ` `` `

)322 ( 2 2000 105 - 106 .(323)- ` 1 173 .89 ` ` ) 324 (.

: `` `` ` ` `` .

V : >( `` ` ``` :V : >( `` ` `` ``` ` `` ` ` ` ` - ) ( ` `` ` ) 325 (.

(324) ` 2 84 . (325) :- ` ` 1 1997 416 - 417 .90 ` `` ```` ` ` ) 326 (.`` ` ````` ` ` ` .` ` ``` ` ` `` ` ` ` ) 327 (.`` `` ) 328 ( `` `` ` ` `` `` ` ` ` ` ` ``

- ` 1 ) ( 4 - 5 .- 5 1997 28 -31 89 . (326) .- `` 1 1994 99 - 102 .- `` ) ( 51 . (327) - 386 .(328) 172 .91 `` : V = ) 329 ( ` : = ) 330 (. ) ` ` ( " " ` ` ` ` `` ``` ) 331 (. ``` ) 332 (. : `` : `` ) 333 (. `` ` ` ) 334 (. `` `` `` . ` `` ` `` " - " ` ` ` ` :

(329) ` ) 49 ( .(330) ` ) 42 ( .(331) `` 6 1994 39 - 41.(332) " `` ` ` " 7 3 1983 315 - 316 .(333) " " 10 1983 611 .(334) " `` ` ` 322 . 92 ` - ) 335 ( . " - " ) 336 (. ` ` ` . ` `` ` : * > : : V ) 337 (.` ``` ) 338 ( ` `` ) 339 ( . - : 7 ) 340 (. : V = > ) 341 (. - ) ( - - - ) ( : ) 342 ( - - : - ) :( - `` ` ``- : ) 343 (.

(335) 145 . (336) 46 . (337) ` ) 21 .((338) `` ) ( 154 .(339) 152 .(340) ` ) 217 .((341) ` ) 137 .((342) 151 .(343) 126 .93 ` ` ` `) 344 (.` MohemmedChiadmi : " ] ) ( [ ````` . ` ] 4 / 84 [ ) ( " " ] [ . ` ) ( `` . ] ) 2 / 217 ( 5 / 54 [ ` ") 345 (

` ` ` ` ` ` `` ` ` ) ( ` ) 346 (. ` ` ` ``` ) 347 (. ` `` ` `` `` `` `` ` ` - :

(344) 144 . (345)- Le Noble Coren . Nouvelle traduction franaise du sens de ses versets, traduit par Mohemmed CHIADMI, Tawhid, Lyon, 2007, p. 648.(346) 157 .(347) 153 . 94 ) 348 (. ` ` ` `` ` ` ) 349 (. `` `` `` ` ) 350 (. ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 351 (. ` ` `` ` ` ) 352 (. ` : ` ` ` ` ) 353 ( .

(348) ` ) 76 .( (349) - " ` - `` ` `` - " 146 - 147 .(350) 144 .(351) ` `` 1 1995 171 - 172 .(352) `` 2 1984 239 .(353) 145 .95 ) 3 ( ) 18 ( ) 354 (. ` ` `` ` `` `` ` ` `) 355 ( ` ` . : V ) 356 (` ` `` ` ) 357 (. : ` ` ` ` ` ``` ) 358 (. ` ) 359 ( .`` ) 360 (. ` `` - ` ` `` ` `) 361 ( ` ` ) ( - - `

(354) 142 .(355) 156 .(356) ` ) 256 .((357) 153 .(358) 207 .(359) 172 .(360) 41 .(361) " `` ` ` " 322 .96 - - : : - - ` ` ` - : ) 362 (. ` `` ` `` ` `` `` ) 363 (. ```````` " ` ` " ` ` ` - `) 364 ( . ` ` ` ` `` ``- : V ) 365 (.``` ` `` ` ``) 366 (. : (

(362) 174 . (363) 41 .(364) ` `` `` 2005 45 - 47 .(365) ` ) 82 .((366) 172 - 173 .97 ` . ` `` ` ` `` ` .V : ` ` :

1 - : ` ` ` `` `` ` ` ` ` ` . ` . - : ` ) 367 (.- Eisman : ` ` ) Group Social ( ` ) 368 (.

(367) - - 1986 36 .(368) - - " 1 1990 402 .98 `` " " ` ` ` ) 369 ( . ` . " " : " ` ") 370 (. `` ` ` ` ` . " Heimard " ": ") 371 (. ` ` ` ` ` ) 372 (. " " : ` ` ` ) 373 (. ` `` ` ` `

(369) `` - - 13 1994 152 .(370) 177 .(371) 402 .(372) 40 .(373) ` 5 ) ( 47 .99 `` ```` . : ... ` ) ( ) ` ` ` ( ) ( ` ) 374 (. ` ` . : ``` `` ) 375 (. : ` ` ) 376 (. `` `` ` ` . ` `` ` " : ` `` ` ` ") 377 ( . ` `` `

(374) ` ) ( 77 - 78 . (375) 177 .(376) 178 .)377 ( - 1 ` ` ` - 5 2010 235 - 236 .100 `` ) 378 (. ` ` : ) 379 (. - V : ` `` ` ` ` `) 380 (. ` ` ` ` ) 381 (. ` . 1957 ` " ) 382 (.` ` ` ` ) 383 (.` 5 / 11 / 1979 ) 1974 498 ( :

(378) 1 ` ` 2003 326 - 327 .(379) 164 . (380) 403 . (381) 164 . (382) 404 . (383) 404 . 101 ` ` `` ` ` ) 384 (.` `` ` ` ` `` `` . ```` ` ` ` ` ` 1959 `) 385 ( ` ) 386 (. `` ` ` ) 387 (. ``` ` ` ` ` `` ````

(384) 404 . )385 ( 236 - 238 .(386) 163 . (387) ` 28 1791 5 1884 97 237 . 102 ``` ` ` ` ` `` `` ``` ` ` ` ) 388 (.2 - > : ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 389 (. ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 390 (. ` ` ) 391 ( `` ` ` `

(388) :- ` " " ) ( 626 .- ` 1990 400 .- ` - ` - ` 1 1995 191 - 195 .(389) 178 - 179 .(390) 179 . (391) 266 .103 " ` ` ") 392 (.` ` ` ` ) 393 (. ` ` ```` `` ` `) 394 ( `` ` ) `` () 395 (. ) 396 (. ` ` 2005 2005 ` ` `` :

(392) 179 - 180 . (393) `` ` ) ( 43 .(394) `` ) ( :- `` 1 2006 274 .- ` `` 1 2005 270 . : www.ar.wikipedia.org/wiki (395) 179 .(396) ` ` ` ` - 2001 37 .104 ` ` ` ) 397 (. ` 2006 ` 15 2004 15 2005 " ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ") 398 (. ` ` ` ` `` ` ` ` ` ) 399 (.`` ` 263 1960 ` ` ` ) 400 ( . ` ` `` `) 401 (.

(397) Rapport spcial sur la libert de la religion ou de convinction Rsolution n1986/20 de la Commission des droits de l'homme, 10 mars 1986, p.3. (398) Ibid, p.3. (399) ` ` 2008 498 - 499 .(400) 498 - 500 .(401) 592 - 593 .105 ` ) 402 (. ` 10 / 02 / 2004 `` ) %2,9 ( ) %3,4 ( ) %1,9 ( ) %4 ( ` ` ` ) 403 (. ` ` ` ` ` ) 404 ( ` ` . ` ) ( " ` ` ` ) 405 (. 25 ` `

(402) 496 - 497 .(403) " ` " 193 - 194 .)404 ( " " ` ` ` 07 / 04 / 2009 .(405) "Civil and political", E/CN.4/2006/5, Op.Cit, p.13. 106 ` ) ( ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 406 (. ` . ` ` `` ` ) 407 (. 22 ` 18 " ` ") 408 (.` 931 / 2000 ` 5 2004 ` 2 18 " ` `

(406)Idem, p.10-11. (407) Idem, p.11. (408) Idem, p.12-11. 107 2 18 ` ) 409 (. 2006 ` `` `` ` ` ` ` ` ` `` ` ` ` " ") 410 (. ` ) ` ` ` ` ( " ` ` " ```) 411 (. 2009 ``` ) 412 (. ` ` ` `` ` ` ` " " `

(409) Idem, p.13. (410)- I dem, p.15. (411)- I dem, p.14. (412)- "Promotion and protection",A/HRC/10/8, Op. Cit, p.10-11. 108 ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` . ` 28 2006 ` ` ` . ` ` ` ` ` ) 413 (. ` ` ` " ` ` " ` ) 414 (. ` ` 18 / 3 .

(413) 165 .(414) "Promotion and Protection " A/HRC/10/8, Op. Cit, p.16-17. 109 ` 1068 / 61 `` 14 1962 `` ` 9 ` 9 / 1 ` 1952 ` " " 9 / 2 ` ` ` ` ` ``` 9 ` ) 415 (. ` ` 1952 9 / 2 . ``` ` ` 85 115 ` ` 26 `` ) 416 (. ` " ` " ) ( ` ` ) 417 (.

(415) ` ` 1 1987 283 - 284 .(416) "Civil and political ", E/CN.4/2002/73/Add.Op.Cit, p.38-39. (417) Idem, p.39-40. 110 7 - 15 ` " " ` ) 418 (. 1997 1996 28 1997 ` " ` ` ` ` ` ) 419 (. : 7 ` ` ` ` ` . ` ` ` :1 - 7 : ` : / `` ` / ` ` / `` ) 420 (. `` `` ) 421 (.

(418) Idem, p.40. (419) Idem, p.41.. (420) 181 - 182 .(421) 165 .111 : " ` ` ` ` ") 422 (. `` ` ` ) 423 (. ` ` ` `` ) 424 (.` ``` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 425 (. `````` `` ` ` 14 81 - 267 10 1981 ` 109 1971 ) 426 (.` `` ` ` ` ` `` `

(422) 327 .(423) - - 1994 70 .(424) 182 .(425) :- 401 .- 196 .(426) 226 - 227 .112 `` ` `` ` ` ` . ``` ``) 427 (. ` ` ` `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 428 (.2 - > 7 :` ` ```` ` ` ) 429 (. `` `` ) 430 (.`` ` `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 431 (. `` ) `` ( ` `

(427) 425 .(428) 242 .(429) 183 .(430) 166 .(431) 183 .113 ` 22 ) 1993 ( ) 18 ( `` `` " ") 432 (. ` ` ``` ` ) 433 (. : 7 ` `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 434 (.``` ` ` ` ` ) 435 (. ` ` " ` `

(432) ` 1 131 .(433) 183 - 184 .(434) :- 185 166 .(435) 186 .114 ` ` ` ` ` `) 436 (. ` ` " ` " ` ` ) 437 (. ` `` ` ` . ` ` ": ``` 9 / 2 `) 438 (. ``` " " ` 3 4 " ```` ") 439 (. ` ` ` ) 16278 / 90 ( ) 18783 / 91 ( ` 3 1993 `

(436) 265 .(437) 265 - 266 .(438) "Civil and political "E/CN.4/2006/5, Op.Cit, P14. (439) Ibid, P14. 115 ` ` ) 440 (. 2002 ` ` ` ) 441 ( ) ` ( 1868 1987 ` ``` ) 442 (. 2007 `` `) 443 (.

: V ` ` ` ` ` ` `` ` ` `

(440) Idem, p.14. (441) ` ` ) ( :www.msh.paris.fr/red&/dhdi/txtuniv/memoir2.htm(442) "Civil and political "E/Cn.4/2002/73/add.2, Op.Cit, P57. (443) "Promotion and Protection .",A/HRC/6/5,op.cit, p.8. 116 ` ` :

V : ``` ` ` ` ` ` ` .V : ` ` ` ` :V : V ` `` 1948 ` 1981 ` 1989 :" 1 - ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` .2 - ` ` 6 7 8 ) 1 2 ( 11 15 16 18.3 - ` ` ` ` ` ` ." ` :1 . ` ) `` ` .(117 2 - ` .3 - ` ` ` ` .4 - ` ` .5 - `` ` : 6 ( 7 ) ` ( 8 / 1 2 ) ` ( 11 ) ( 15 ) ( 16 ) ( 18 ) ( ` ` .6 - ` ` ` ` ``` ` . : V (`` : * ( V V : 15 ` ` ` 1 - ``` ` ` ` .2 - ` ` ` ) ( .3 - ` ` ` . `` ` ` ` ` ` .118 ` ` ` ` 4 / 2 . ```` 15 / 1 ` ` :1 - ` 2 - ` ` ` 3 - 2 3 4 / 1 7 ` 15 ) 444 (. * ( V V : `` ``` : 27 : " 1 - ` ` `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` .2 - ` ` : 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 9 ) ( 12 ) ( 17 ) ` ( 18 ) ` ( 19 ) ( 20 23 ) ( ` ` .3 - ` ` ` ` ` " .``` ` ` :1 - ` ` .

(444) ` 1 2009 61 - 62 .119 2 - ` ` ```` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` .3 - ` ` 27 / 2 ``` ` 15 / 2 ` ` .4 - ` 27 / 1 ` `` ` ` ` ` ` ` . * ( ( :` `` `` ````` ` ` `` ` ) 445 (.- ` ` ` " ` " " ` ` ") 446 (. * ( : ` 2004 ` " 1 - ``` ` ` ` ` ```` ` .

(445) 65 .(446) 30 .120 2 - ` ` ` ` 5 8 9 10 13 14 " 6 " 15 18 19 20 22 27 28 29 30 ` ` .3 - ` ` ` ` ` " . ` :1 - ` ` .2 - ` ` .3 - ` ` 4 / 2 .4 - ` ` ` ` ` . : ` ```` :V : V `` `` ) 447 (. ` ` ` ``

(447) 58 .121 ` ` 1985 ` 4 ` ) 448 ( ``` ` 21 / 04 / 1967 `` 1967 ` ` ` ` ) 449 (. `` ` (Waldok)Humphrey (Lawless) ` `` ` `` ` ` ` ` ) 450 (. ` " ` " :1 - ( :` `` ` `` ` ` ` ) 451 (.2 - :

)448 (- " " 31 1 2007 359 . )449 (- 361 .)450 ( - 361 .(451) ` 2 88 .122 ` ` ) 452 (. ` ` ` ` ` " " ` ) 453 (.` ` ) 454 ( ` ` 4 / 1) 455 (. ` ` `` (*) ` ` ` ` ) 456 (.` ` ` ` ` ` `` ) 457 (` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 458 (.

(452) ` 2 88 .(453) ` 1 128 .(454) ` ` ` 2008 35 .(455) ` 29 ) 72 ( 2001 ) 4 ( : 3 .(*)- :- - 373 .(456) ` 2 88 .(457) ` 2 88(458) 58 .123 ": `` ... ` ") 459 (. ` ` ` ` ) 460 ( `` ``` ) 461 (. ` ```` ` ` ) 462 (. : ( ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `

)459 (- 364 .)460 ( - 363 - 364 . )461 (- - 376 .)462 ( - 367 - 370 .124 ` ` ` ) 463 (. 4 / 1 ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ```` ``` ) 464 (.` ` `` ` ` ` `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 465 (. : V `` ` ` ``` `` `

(463) ` 2 88 - 89 .(464) " ` 29 ) 72 ( 2001 "... 4 - 5 .(465) ` 1 89 .125 ``` ` 15 ``` 4 / 1 `` ``` ``` ` ` `) 466 (. ` 1949 `` ` ) 1977 () 467 (.` ) ( `` ) ` ` ` ` ` .( `` `) 468 (. 4 / 3 ` 4 ` ```` ```` ` `` ` `) 469 (.

(466) ` 2 90 .(467) ` 2 91 .(468) ` 2 87 .(469) " ` 29 ) 72 ( 2001 "... 17 .126 ` ` ` ` 4 ` ` ` ` ``` ` ` ` `` 4 `` ) 470 (.

: ` ` ` .` " ` ") 471 ( ```` ` " ` " ` ` ` " " " ` " .V :

)470 (- " ` 29 ) 72 ( 2001 "... 17 .(471) " ` ` ` " " ` ` ` " " ` ` " : 77 .127 ``` ` .V : .1 - : " " " ` ") 472 (. : ` ` ) 473 (. `` `` ` ) 474 (. " ` ` ` ` ` ) 475 (.2 - :` ` ) ` ` ` 1950 1966 ``` 1969 ( ` ` "

(472) 100 .(473) 101 .(474) 354 .(475) 1999 193 - 197 .128 ` ") 476 ( ` ` ) 477 (.3 - :1 - ` ) ` ( ` Law less " " 2 - `` " `` ` " 3 - ``` `1991 " ` `` ` )" 478 (. : ` ` ` ` ``` 11 2001 ` .1 - 11 2001 :

(476) : 15 4 27 ` ` ` :(477) 355 .(478) 355 - 356 .129 ` ` `` ` ` : - :` ) 479 (.``" " " V " ` ) 480 (. ` `) 481 ( `` `" " " ") 482 ( ` ` ` - ") 483 (.

(479) `` 2 1999 150 .(480) `` 2002 18 .(481) " `` " `` 4 8 2004 187 .(482) 11 2001 - ` `` - 1 2004 160 - 161 .(483) ) ( ` 2 2007 62 .130 ` ` > " : ` ` ` ` ") 484 (.` 15 ` 1952 " : ` ` `` `` ` ") 485 (. " " " " ` ` `` ...) 486 (

" " ` ` ` " " . ` " " ` ) ` ( ) 487 (. ``

(484) " " `` ` 06 / 05 / 2009 1 .(485) 19 - 20 .)486 ( - 57 .(487) 48 - 49 . .131 ) 488 ( ``` (*). `` . : - 1 : ` `` ` ` ` `` `` ``) 489 ( " ":" " " V " " ` . : ` ") 490 (.```` `` ` `` ` ` ``` `` ` ` ` `` `` ` ) 491 ( ` .

(488) " " 1 .(*)- 11 2001 :- Alain Gresh, Lislam, la Rpublique et le monde, Editions Casbah, 2005, p. 42 (489) 97 - 98 .(490) 19 - 21 .(491) 98 - 100 .132 ` ` `` ` ` ` ) 492 (. ` 22 / 02 / 89 " ` `` ` " :" ` ` ` `` ` ` ` `` ") 493 ( . ``` ` ` ` ``` ```) 494 (. 1992 2001 " " ` ) 495 (. ``` GrandAtlasBordas ` " ` (....) . ` " `` " : ) ( 632 ` ") 496 (. - 2 >> : ` ` `` `` ``

(492) 22 .(493) 15 .(494) " ` `` " `` 4 8 2004 352 .(495) 102 .(496) " " 2 .133 ` ) 497 ( " " `` ) ( " `` ) ( ` ") 498 (.` " " `` `` ": ] `` [ `` ` ") 499 (. `` ` " " `` ") 500 ( . ` SophieBessis " `` (...) (...) ") 501 (. - 3 - >( : " : `` `` ) ( ` ` ` ` ) 502 ( .`` ` ` " " " "`` ` " "

(497) 168 .(498) 144 .(499) " " 2 .(500) 20 .(501) " " 2 .(502) " " 2 .134 ` `` ` ` ` ) 503 (.` " " `` `` `` ` ` `` ` `` `` 30 % ` `` " " ` ` ` `` ` " " ` " " ` `` . . `` ` `` ) 504 ( . " " ```` : - ` - ` - 44 % 13% ) 505 ( . - 11 2001 : `` ` ` ` ` ` ```

(503) 43 .(504) 43 - 44 .(505) " " 3 .135 ) 506 ( `` 2001 ` ) 507 (.` `` ` ` ` 09 1905 ` ": ") 508 (.` ` 1980 ` ` ` ` ) 509 (. ` " : ... `` ` ` ") 510 (.` ` `

(506) " `` ` " ` ` `` ` 16 17 2008 2 - 3 .(507) " " 4 .(508) :- Gilles Lebreton, op. cit, p. 401-107 (509) 2005 35 - 48 - 187 .(510) ` `` 2005 258 .(*)- ` " `` " 11 2001 ` ` :- Alain Gresh, op. cit, p. 41- 42. 136 `` - - ` `` 11 2001 (*). 2004 ` `) 511 ( ` 496 36 31 " : ``` ") 512 (. ... ` ` ` " " LionelJospin 1989 " ` ") 513 (. ` `` > LaBavire ` 15 2004 ` ` ) 514 (.` " ` " ... ` `

(511) 262 - 269 .(512) ` 10 2004 .(513) " ` " 190 - 191 .(514) 194 .137 2003 ) 515 (. `` (*) ` " " ` Montcho ) 11 1980 ( ` ` ) 516 (.

2 - : ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 517 (. ` ` `````) 518 ( ` .

(515)- 187 - 269 .(*)- Voir : Rebert Charvin, Jean- Jacques Sueur, op. cit, p. 207.) 4 (- " " 5 .)517 ( :- - 375 .- 365 .(518) - 375 .138 ` ) 519 ( (*) ` ` . ` 2009 ` ` ` ` ` ` `` . ` ` ` ` 5 ` ) 520 (. ` 1981 2008 ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 521 (. 1991 ` ` `

(519) - 375 . (*)- 129 .(520) " 2009 ` " :http://dostor.org/ar/content/view/21439/1(521) .139 30 ` 2003 ` ` ` " ` ) 522 (.``` ` ` ` 40 ` ` ) 523 ( .`` ` ` ` `` ` ` . : ` ` ` ` ` ``` ``` ` ` . ` `` ` .V : V

(522) 300 - 301 .(523) 301 - 302 .140 ` ` ` ` ) 524 (. .. . ` ` ` ```` ` ``` ` ` . `` ` ` ` .1 - V >( : ```` : ) 525 ( `` ` - - ` ` ) 526 (.` ` ` ` : = ) 527 (.

(524) 218 .(525) ` ` ) 70 .((526) " `` ` ` " ` `` ` ` 16 17 2008 1 .(527) ` ) 13 .(141 `) 528 ( ` `` ```` ` : = V=V ) 529 (. : ) 530 ( ` " " " ` ` ` `` ``` ") 531 (. ` `` ` ) 532 ( . ` : ... ) 533 ( . ` ` ` ` ) 534 (. ` `` : V

(528) `` ` ` 3 2006 8 .(529) ` ) 190 .( ` ` ` ) 88 - 157 ( ": ` ` ` ` - " ` ... ` ` ) ` "( . - - 2007 204 .(530) ` ) 125 .((531) 38 .(532) 75 .(533) " `` " 14 1958 33 .(534) ` `` - 1 1998 161 .142 `) 535 (. `` ` ) 536 ( : = ... ) 537 ( `` ` ) 538 ( . ` `) 539 (. ` ` `` ) ( `` ` ` ) 540 (. ) ( ` ) ( ) :( . ) ( `` ` ` ) ( `` ` ` : ) 541 ( : ) 542 (. . ) ( ` `` ) 543 ( ) 27 ( ` : ` ` ` ) 544 (.

(535) `` 34 .(536) 19 .(537) ` 39 .(538) 161 - 162 .(539) 77 .(540) " ` " 5 6 2008 11 - 17 .(541) ` ) 6 .((542) ` ) 41 .((543) 145 .(544) 24 .143 ) 545 (.

) ( ` - ` ` ` ` ) 546 (. ) ( ` ) ( ` ) 547 (. ) ( ` ` ` ` . ` ` : ... ` ` ) 548 (.``` ) ( `` ` ) 549 (.` : ` `` ` : `` ) 550 (.

(545) " `` ` ` " 3 2003 17 .(546) " ` `` " 55 .(547) 24 .(548) 19 .(549) 36 .(550) 38 .144 " " ``` `` ) 551 (.

" " " " ` ` ) 552 (. `` : ) 553 (:1 - ````) 554 ( . `` ` ` ) 555 (.2 - ` ) 556 ( ` . ` `` ````` ` ) 557 (. `` `````` ` ` ` ) 558 (.

(551) " `` " 13 52 2006 21 .(552) 21 .(553) 25 .(554) 20 .(555) 25 .(556) 20 - 21 .(557) 26 - 27 .(558) 27 - 28 .145

2 - ( V :` ) 559 (` 1864 ` ) 560 ( ` `` ` ` ` : - ( : ` ` ` ``` ` ` ` ) 561 (. ` ` ` ` ` ` 1907 ` `) 562 (.

(559) ` ` `2009 223 .(560) " ` ` ` " ) ( ` 3 2006 408 .(561) ` ` 2007 257 .(562) 18 ` ` 1907 .146 ` ) ` ( ` ) 563 ( ` ` ) 564 (. `` ` 18 `` 1907 - ` - 1929 (*) ` ` `` ) 565 ( . ` `` 1948 ) 566 (. ` ` 1949 ```` ` ` `` ` ` 34 ` ` ) 567 ( . : `

(563) Robert KolB, Jus in bello, Le droit international des conflits arms, Bruylant, Bruxelles, 2003, p.51. - Abdelwahabe BIAD, Droit international humanitaire, Ellipses, Paris, 2006, p. 36. (564) Ibid. (*)- ` 27 1929 ` 47 ` ` ` : ` ` ` 2005 100 .(565) 16 1929 .(566) ` ` 1948 .(567) " ` " ` ) ( : 2005 119 .147 ` ` . 35 ` ` : . 33 ` 28 ` ` ` ` 35 `` ` ` ` ` ) 568 (.` ) 569 ( . 36 ` ` ` . ` ` ` ` ` `) 570 (.` : ... ` `

(568) ` ` 2005 609 .(569) 224 .(570) 37 1949 .148 ... ` ` ` ... ) 571 (. ` ` ` ` ` ` . 53 ` ` 24 ` ` ` ` `` ` ` `) 572 ( . ` ` ` ` ` ` .` 1949 " Aumonier " ` ` 1977 ` 8 / 3 ) 573 (. - ( :`` 1907 ` 46 `` `) 574 (. 1949

(571) 120 ` .(572) ` ` 2009 99 .(573) 611 .(574) 223 .149 ) 575 ( `` ) 576 ( . 13 : ` . 17 ` : ` ` . ` ` ` ` ) 577 ( ` . V " Lavigerie " ` : ` ` ` ... ) 578 (. 58 ` : `` `````` ` ` . 1949 ` ` ` `

(575) ` ` ` ` . ` ` 1864 I II ` : : 407 - 408 .(576) 27 1949 .(577) 24 / 1 ` 1949 .(578) ` ` 21 2009 61 .150 ` ) 579 (. ` `` ` ` 93 ` ` ` ` . ` ``` ) 580 (. ` ` 107) 581 (. ` 93 / 2 ` `` ` ` ) 582 (. ``130 :

(579) 100 .(580) ` ` 2009 279 - 280 .(581) 93 ` 1949 .(582) 123 .151 ` `` ... ` `` ... . ` . ` 2004 ` ` ` ` 22 18 : ` ` ` ` ) 583 (. ` ` ` ` ` ` `` ) ` ( ``` ` `) 584 (. ` ` 76 ` ) 585 (. ` 1977 ``

(583)- " Economic, Social and cultural rights civil and political rights, Situation of detainees at Guantnamo ",Commissionsonhumanrights,Sixtysecondsession,Items10and11, E/CN.4/2006/120, 27 february 2006, p. 18.(584) Idem, p. 19. (585)- Ibid, p. 19. 152 ` ) 586 (. : V ``` ` .1 - >( V :``` : ` ` ) 587 (`` ```` ` ` `` : = V = ) 588 (. ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `` `` ` . ) ( ) 589 (. ` ) ( : ` ... ) 590 (. ) ( ` ) 591 ( ` :

(586) 4 / 1 1977 .(587) ` 171 .(588) ` ) 40 .((589) " `` ` " ` ` `` ) ( ` 2007 87 .(590) `` ` - - ` `` 2006 137 .(591) 87 .153 - ```` ) 592 (. : ` ` `` ` : ` ) 593 (. `` ` - - ` ` . - ) ( 16 ` : - ) 594 ( ) 595 (. - - ` : ` ` ) 596 (. : ` ` ) 597 (. ` ` ` `

(592) 146 .(593) 25 .- : " `` ` " `` - `` 1995 137 .(594) `` 24 .(595) 27 .(596) 146 .(597) 23 .154 ` `` ` ) 598 (. ``` `` `` ` ` " " `` ` ` :" ` ` - - ` ") 599 (. 2 - ( V : ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 600 (. `` `` ` ` ) 601 (. ` 1899 1907 ` ` 27 ` 1907 ) 602 ( ` `

(598) 162 - 163 .(599) MichelBelanger,DroitinternationalhumanitaireGualinoditeur,Paris,2medition, 2006, p.17. (600) 26 - 27 .(601) ` 2006 328 .(602) ` - - - ` 2002 285 .155 ` ... ` ` `) 603 (. : `` ` ` ` .. . ` `` ` ` ` ) 604 (. ` 1899 1907 ` ` ` ` . ` II ` ` ` ) 605 (. ` ``1954 ` ``` ) 606 (. ` . `` ` ` 1975 ` : / ` `` ` .

(603) 158 .(604) " ` ` " ` - - ) ( 2 1 2005 11 .(605) 328 .(606) ` ` 1 2010 140 - 142 .156 / ` . / ` ` ` ) 607 (. ` ` ` 53 ` ) 608 (.` 53 `` : ` `` ` ` 14 / 1954 ` : / ` ` ` . / ` . / ` ` . `` `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` . ` ` 1954 ` 53 ``` 53 ` ` ` ` ` ) 609 (. ` ` 1977 ` ` ` 16 ` : ` ` ) 610 (.

(607) 159 .(608) Commentairedel'article53dupremierprotocoleadditionnelauxconventionsde Genve 1949. in: www.icrc.org/fr(609) " ` " ` ) ( : 1 2000 206 - 207 .(610) ` 2001 287 .157 ` `` ` 1954 ) 611 (. 16 ` ` : `` ``` ` 14 / 1954 . 53 16 ` ` ` ` ) 612 (. ` `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 613 (. ` 53 ` ` 1977 16 ` ` ``` . 52 / 3 ` ` 1977 ... ` ` .`` 1949 ` ` `

(611) Junod(Sylvie-stoyanka),Sandoz(yves) ,Swinarski(Christophe),Commentairedu Protocole additionnel aux conventions de Genve du 12 Aot 1949 relatif la protection des victimesdesconflitsarmsnominternationaux(protocoleII),C.I.C.R,MartinusNijhoff puplishers, Genve, 1986, pp.1488-1492. (612) Junod (s.s) et al, Idem, p.1491. (613) ` 288 .158 ` 1954 " ` ") 614 (. `` 1949 `) 615 (. ` ` ` ` ) 616 (.` ` ) 617 ( `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ) 618 (. ) 619 (.

(614) 4 ` 1954 6 ` 1977 .(615) " ` ` " 12 .(616) 209 .(617) ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` . : ` 104 - 105 .(618) " ` ` " 13 .(619) ` ` 1954 ` ` .159 ` ` ` ` ) 620 (. ` ` . ````` 56 ` ` ` 1907 ` ` 53 `` `` ... ` ` 1954 ` ` . ` `` ` ` ` 621. `` ` ``` `` ` ` ` ) 622 (. 6 2009 ` ` `

: ` 108 .(620) ` 108 .)621 (- 116 .(622) 116 - 117 .160 ` ` ` ) 623 (. ` ` ` ) 624 ( ` ` `) 625 (. ` ` ```` 1969 `` 38 ` 1999 ` ` . ` ` ` `) 626 (. ``` ` 19 / 2 ` ` ` 7

(623) - " Promotion and Protetion..", A/HRC/10/8/ , op. cit, p. 20.(624)Ibid, p. 20. (625) Ibid, p. 20. (626) `` 1981 362 - 364 .161 ```) 627 (. ``` `` ``` `` ` `` ``` ` ` ` `` .` ` ` ` ``` ` ` ` . ` ` ` ` `) 628 (. `` ` ` ` " "

(627) " ` ` " 20 - 21 .(628) ` 196 .162 ` ` .

163

` ` ` V : V1 . ` ` ` ` .2 . ` .3 . ` ` ` .4 . ` `` ` ` .5 . ` .6 . ` ` ` 164 ` ` ` `.7 . ` ` ` ` ` ` .8 . ` ` ` ` ` ` .9 . `` `` ` .10 . ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` .11 . ` ` ` ` ` ` . : 165 :1 - ` ` .2 - ` ` .3 - ` ` ` ` ` ` .4 - ` .5 - ` ` ` ` ` .6 - ` ` .7 - ` ` ` ` ` ` .8 - ` ` ` .

166

9 - ` ` ` ` .10 - ` ` `` .11 - 03 / 09 / 2009 .

167

168 V : 1 - :- .- `` ) .(- ) .(- `` 1 1994 .- `` - - 2008 .- 1 1999 .- ` - 1 1986 .- 1 ` ` ` - - 5 2010 .- ` ` 2005 .- `` 3 1987 .- ` ` 1987 .- - `` ` ` 1 2004 .- - 2007 .- ` 2009 .

- 3 1991 .169 - 1 2000 .- 5 1997 .- `` 2002 .- `` 2 1999 .- 1 ` ` 2003 .- ` ` ` 2005 .- ` ` ``` ` ` - - ) .(- ` - ) .(- 2 2 1979 .- ` - - ) .(- ` ` 1 2003 .- ` ` 2005 .- - - 1 1990 .- ` : ` 1 1997 .- `` ` ` ` ) .(

- ` ` - - 1 2007 .- ` ` 2007 .170 - ` ` 2009 .- `` 6 1994 .- ` 1 ) .(- `` 1984 .- " ` ` ` " ) ( ` 3 2006 .- `` 1 2006 .- " ` " ` ) ( : 2005 .- `` ) .(- ` ` 1 2010 .- ` 2 2 2005 .- - - 2006 .- ` 2007 .- - - 10 1983 .- 1 2008 .- ` 1 1998 .- - ` - - ` ) .(- ` 1984 .- ` 2006 .171 - ` ` ` 2008 .- - - 1986 .- `` ` 1 1995 .- ` ` 2009 .- `` ` 2007 .- " " ) ( ` 2 2007- `` - 1 1975 .- ` 2005 .- ` ` 2009 .- ` ` 21 2009 .- ` 1 2009 .- - ` - 1970 .- ` ` 2008 .- ` ` ` 2009 .- 1990 .- `` 5 1990 .- 2004 .- " ` " ` ) ( 1 2000 .172 - " ` ` " ` `` ` ) ( ` 2007 .- ` ` 1 1987 .- 2 2000 .- - ` - - ` 2002 .- `` ` 2005 .- `` 1981 .- ` - - 2003 .- ` `` 1 2005 .- `` 1 1998 .- - 2007 .- - - ) .(- - ` 2005 .- - ) .(- `` 2 1984 .- ` ` 2008 .- ` - `` - 1 1998 .- ` ` ` 1999 .- ` 1 1 2008 .173 - ` 2 1 2007 .- ` 1990 .- `` - - 13 1994 .- ` - ` ` ` - 2001 .- " ` ` " ` - - ) ( 2 1 2005 .- ` `` - ` 2009 .- ` - ` - ` 1 1995 .- - - 1994 .- ` 5 ) .(- ` `` ` 3 2006 .- - - ` 2009 .- ` ` ` ) .(- ` - - ` 2008 .- 1999 .- 2005 .- 11 2001 ` `` - 1 2004 .174 - `` 2002 .- 3 2003 .- ` ) .(- ` - ` ` ` ` ` ` - ` 2008.2 - :- ` 13 ) .(- ` 4 ) .(- - ) : ( 2 1 1999 .- 4 1990 .3 - :3 - 1 - :- `` 2004 .- ` ` 1998 .- ` 2001 .3 - 2 - :- `` ``` 2007 .- `` 2004 .- `` ` `` 2005 .- ` ` ` ` `` 2003 .175 - `` ` - ` `` 2006 .- ` 2001 .4 - ( :- ` 1899- ` 1907- ` 1945 .- ` ` ` 1948 .- ` 1949 ` 1977 .- ` ` ` ` 1950 .- 1966 .- ` ` ` 1969 .- ` 1981 .- ` ` 1981 .- ` 1989 .- `` ` ` 1990 .- ` 2004 .5 - V :- ` 29 ) 72 ( 2001 ) 04 :( .6 - :- " `` 14 1958 .- - " ` - `` - ` `` " 27 1 2003 .- " " `` 2 5 2002 .176 - " ` ` " ` 61 1991 .- " ` `` - " ` 25 2 1998 .- " `` " 5 8 1957 .- " `` " 13 52 2006 .- " ` ` " `` 4 8 2004 .- " ` " ` ` 11 2004 .- " `` " `` 4 8 2004 .- " " `` 2 5 2002 .- " ` " 5 6 2008 .- " " `` 2 5 2002 .- " ` ` ` ` " 3 2003 .- " ` ` `` " 7 3 1983 .- " ` `` " 17 2005 .- " - - ` ` " 3 2008 .- " `` ` " - `` - - `` 1995 .- " ` `` " `` 4 8 2004 .177 - " ` - ` - " 2 2007 .- ` " " ` 4 2008 .- " : " 31 1 2007 .- " `` ` " 3 2003 .- " " 3 2003 .7 - :- " `` ` " ` `` ` ` 16 17 2008 .- " ` ` `` " `` ` ` ` 16 - 17 2008 .- " " ` `` 06 - 05 - 2009 .- My thography : the study of thy ths andrituals ` ` 22 - 02 - 2001.8 - V V :- " ` " :www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=194996- " 2009 ` : :http://dostor.org/ar/content/view/21439/1- " ` " : www.Basmagm.wordpress.com- ` " :https://www.eucohr.com/articles.php?id=107178 - / www.ar.wikipedia.org/wiki- " " ` :www1.umn.edu/humanrts/.../SGreligion.html- " " ` ` 7 2009 . : V 1 - :-LeNobleCoran,Nouvelletraductionfranaisedusensdesesversets,Traduitpar Mohammed CHIADMI, Tawhid, Lyon, 2007. - Belanger Michel, Droit international humanitaire, Gualino diteur, Paris, 2me dition, 2006. - Biad Abdewahab, Droit international humanitaire, Ellipses, Paris, 2006. -CharvinRobert,SUEURJean-Jacques,DroitsdelHommeetlibertsdelapersonne,2eme dition, Litec, 1997.- Favoreu Louis et autres, Droit des liberts fondamentales, Dalloz, Paris, 4 me dition, 2007.- Gresh Alain, Lislam, La Rpublique et le monde, Edition Casbah, 2005.-HyamMaroue,Libe