Ισπανικός Εμφύλιος

(1936 1939)

, 2013

1

(1936-1939)

:

, 2013

3

1. 6

2. 7

3. Abstract 8

4. 9 4.1 10 4.2 12

4.2.1 12

4.2.2 13 4.2.3 1934 14

4.2.4 1936 15

4.3 16

4.3.1 17

4.3.2 17

4.4 18

4.4.1 19

4.4.2 20

4.4.3 20 4.5 22

4.5.1 , 23

4.5.2 24 4.5.3 25

4.6 26

4.6.1 33 4.7 34 4.7.1 34 4.7.2 35

4.7.3 36 4.7.4 37 4.7.5 38

5. 42 5.1 43 5.1.1 43 5.1.2 44 5.1.3 45

5.1.4 45

4

5.1.5 46 5.2 47 5.3 49 5.3.1 49 5.3.2 51

5.3.3 52

5.4 53

6. 56

6.1 Image Map 57 6.2 GIF 58 6.3 Adobe Flash 59 6.4 Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 60

6.4.1 SVG 62 6.4.2 Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) 63

7. 65

7.1 66 7.1.1 66 7.1.2 66 7.1.3 67 7.1.4 67 7.1.5 68 7.2 68 7.2.1 ArcGIS Desktop 68 7.2.2 Easy GIF Animator 69 7.2.3 Inkscape 70

7.2.4 Koolmoves 70

7.2.5 WebPlus 71

7.3 72

7.3.1 (shapefiles) 72

7.3.2 73 7.3.3 81

7.3.4 82

7.3.5 85 7.3.6 85

7.4 87 7.4.1 animated GIF 87 7.4.2 Image Map 88 7.4.3 Adobe Flash 88 7.4.4 SVG 93 7.4.4.1 96

5

7.4.5 SVG 100 7.4.5.1 102

8. 109 8.1 WebPlus 110

8.2 111 8.3 SVG 112

8.4 (intro) 112

8.5 113 8.6 114

9. 118

10. 120

:

SVG 123

6

1.

, ,

. ,

, ,

,

.

1936 1939, , ,

.

, ,

. , ,

, :

.

, ,

.

,

.

,

,

. 36 , , .. ,

. ,

..

7

2.

,

.

,

,

(animation) .

:

, GIF, SVG

Flash. ,

, ArcGIS, Inkscape ..

(1936-1939),

.

,

,

.

:

http://galaxy.hua.gr/~gp211307

8

3. Abstract

The main subject of this thesis is the examination, study and use of web technologies

in development and publication of interactive and dynamic web maps.

The constructed cartographic material is characterized by the following elements:

interactivity, multimedia integration and animated representation of the phenomenon

that is being studied.

The following tools and technologies are used: integration of active areas in static images, animated GIF images, SVG language and Flash multimedia platform.

Furthermore, the implementation of cartographic applications is supported by a

number of suitable software packages such as ArcGIS, Inkscape etc.

The historical chapter of Spanish Civil War and Spanish social revolution (1936-1939) is the selected field for the development of the above applications.

Finally, the thesis is completed with the design, creation and publication of a website,

which gathers and presents all the products of the study.

Website location:

http://galaxy.hua.gr/~gp211307

10

4.1

1936 .

,

.

.

,

: ,

, ,

,

, ,

: Viva Espaa! , Viva Republica! . , ,

Viva la Revolucin!

,

, .

11

VIVA LA MUERTE!

, , .

' , ,

, , , ,

. , ,

' , ,

, , , , , ,

.

, , , - , , , , ,

,

. ,

, , .

,

. . '

. . , ,

, ,

, ,

. ,

. (...)

, : , ,

, . ,

- - : .

, 1937 (2002)

12

4.2

. ,

,

.

. 1814 1936,

52. 1936

, , 1932,

,

. (Ranzato, 2006)

4.2.1

1930

.

1931 (

). , ,

. (, 1984)

(,

1984):

,

, ,

1931 1933

,

1933 1936,

,

,

1936.

13

, .

,

,

. , ,

, , .

(Ranzato, 2006)

4.2.2

,

,

(Ranzato, 2006).

1933, 25

(Joll, 1975).

. CNT

, FAI,

(Ranzato, 2006).

, (Joll,

1975).

, (PSOE),

, UGT ( ), . ,

CNT

. (Ranzato, 2006)

.

.

, ,

,

14

. (Ranzato, 2006)

Abel Paz (1999)

:

, .

, ,

. ,

.

, , , ,

, .

,

,

, ,

. , ,

,

. (Ranzato, 2006)

4.2.3 1934

, , 1934

.

, ,

CEDA

, .

(Ranzato, 2006; Paz, 1999).

, ,

.

( ,

) ,

,

.

. .

,

15

. , 1335 2951 (Paz, 1999),

10.000 , (Joll,

1975).

,

. , , ,

,

(Paz, 1999). 1935 30.000 (Ranzato, 2006; Paz, 1999).

4.2.4 1936

, 16 1936,

.

,

.

, ,

. CNT (

)

, , . CNT

,

. (Ranzato, 2006; Paz, 1999)

,

, ,

, ,

.

. ,

,

. (Ranzato, 2006)

( Paz, 1999)

:

15

, .

16

, , .

1936

, 95%

.

.

CNT UGT 1936 1.500.000 (Paz, 1999),

(Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984).

,

,

. (Ranzato, 2006).

, , ,

. (Paz, 1999).

, ,

, .

(Ranzato, 2006).

- ( )

.

, , 13

. (Paz, 1999)

, 18 15 1936,

160 , 269 , 1287 , 113 ,

228 145 . (Paz, 1999)

1936, ,

.

4.3

, , 1936

,

, , :

17

4.3.1

, ,

:

(IR) , (UR)

, (PSOE)

, ,

(POUM - ), (PCE)

( La Pasionaria)

(ERC) . (Ranzato, 2006; Paz, 1999)

(CNT)

(FAI).

CNT-FAI . (Paz, 1999)

, ,

, .

, , .

(Ranzato, 2006)

4.3.2

,

: , , , . , ,

. , ,

. (Ranzato, 2006)

, ,

, , ,

,

, .

(Ranzato, 2006)

18

4.4

, ,

, , .

, 1938 (1979)

, 1939,

,

.

,

, .

, . (Ranzato,

2006)

,

-

. (Ranzato, 2006)

, ,

, .

.

, ,

. (, 1965)

,

. ,

,

19

. (Ranzato, 2006)

, , ,

,

.

,

.

,

. (Ranzato, 2006)

4.4.1

:

. 1937

50.000 (Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984; Thomas, 1971),

75.000 (Thomas, 1971). $400.000.000

( 1939) : 763 , 157 , 1426 ,

1672 , 1801 , 6791 , 240.747

.. (Thomas, 1971)

:

. 1936 (6000

), , , ,

. 16.000


$215.000.000 ( 1939) : 15,5%

, 21,9% 62,6%

(Thomas, 1971).

:

20.000 (Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984;

Thomas, 1971), Viriatos. , ,

(Beevor, 2006).

20

4.4.2

: 1936

,

. (, 1965)

$405.000.000 ( 1939)

$315.000.000

, 1936 (Nanteuil &

Dufourcq, 1984).

(Ranzato,

2006),

(Beevor, 2006).

, ,

.

()

( )

.

1936 ,


35.000 53 (Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984;

, 1965; Thomas, 1971). , , (Thomas, 1971).

: $2.000.000

(Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984; Beevor, 2006), 20.000

20.000.000 (Beevor, 2006).

4.4.3

: ( )

.

50

(Ranzato, 2006) 200 (Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984)

21

.

, ,

Leon Blum

(Ranzato, 2006).

.

, .

( ).

1936

. (, 1965)

: .

1936,

, ,


.

(Ranzato, 2006).

1938 - ,

,

. (Ranzato, 2006)

(1979) :

1936

, . ,

, ,

.

: ,

. , ,

,

22

. , Vacuum Oil

Company ,

Texas Oil Company

, ,

, . ,

Ford, Studebaker General Motors

. ,

, Jos Maria Doussinague, : ,

,

. (Beevor, 2006)

4.5

,

. .

.

, 1936 (, 2010)

.

. (, 1965)

,

1936

. ,

,

. 50

,

, , .

(Gallego, 2004)

,

.

23

( ),

. (Ranzato, 2006)

(Ranzato, 2006).

(11

15 ) 3-4 (Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984)

.

, , ,

, ,

(, 2010).

(, 1965).

. ,

1936, ( ,

1965) 11 12:

.

. 40% .

, .

, ,

,

.

4.5.1 ,

. , 100

160 ,

. (Gallego, 2004)

,

35.000 60.000. Andreu Castells 59.380

. , Hugh Thomas,

35.000. (Gallego, 2004)

,

50 80 .

, , , ..

(Gallego, 2004)

24

,

80%. , ,

, , .

60%

. , ,

7.000 , 200

. (Gallego, 2004)

, , (

) , ,

CNT POUM, 10.000

(, ,

..). (Thomas, 1971)

4.5.2

( ,

1938

) (Gallego, 2004)

( ) (Ranzato, 2006)

(21/9/1938) .

.

,

(Gallego, 2004).

15

1938. (Ranzato, 2006)

10.000. (Gallego,

2004)

25

1: : Thomas, 1971; Beevor, 2006; Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984; Gallego, 2004; Ranzato, 2006;

,2010

4.5.3

.

.

4

.

. ,

,

300-400 . , , , .

26

()

.

. ,

.

(, 2010)

4.6

:

17 1936 | . , ,

. (Ranzato, 2006; Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984)

18-19 1936 | . ,

, . ,

, ,

(Ranzato, 2006; Paz, 1999).


19 1936 | ,

, , ,

. , , ,

, , : ,

, , , . ,

, . (Ranzato, 2006; Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984)

1936 | ,

, ,

. CNT UGT, ,

.

27

5

. (Ranzato, 2006)

,

. (Ranzato, 2006)

1936 |

( 47.000 ) (Ranzato, 2006)

.

,

(Ranzato, 2006; Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984). , ,

(Ranzato,

2006).


14 1936 |

(Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984). (Ranzato, 2006).

1936 |

,

.

.

. (Ranzato, 2006)

1936

4/9 | ,

PSOE , .

,

, ,

, .

(Ranzato, 2006; Paz, 1999)

8/9 |

. (Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984) 13/9 |

. (Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984)

28

.

(Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984) 27/9 | , 71

, . (Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984) 30/9 | ,

. (Ranzato,

2006)

1936

.


,

. (Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984) 4/10 |

. (Ranzato, 2006)

, ,

(Ranzato, 2006). ,

, 35.000 (Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984; , 1965; Thomas, 1971). 25/10 |

. ,

.

. (Ranzato, 2006)

1936

6000 , , , .

,

1937 50.000. (Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984) 4/11 | CNT

. (Ranzato, 2006; Paz, 1999) 7/11 | ,

1937. (Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984)

, .

(Ranzato, 2006).

29

(Paz,

1999). 18/11 | .

(Ranzato, 2006)

(7-23/11/1936) .

.

, . 19/11

,

.

H No Pasaran! ( ).

,

(Ranzato, 2006). ,

1939 (Ranzato, 2006; Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984).

(6-27/2/1937) .

,

.

. .

(Ranzato, 2006)

(8-23/3/1937) .

, ,

.


(6-25/7/1937)

(Ranzato, 2006). , , , , ,

,

(Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984). 40.000 (Beevor, 2006).

30

, ,

.

, , .

1937

,

, 8 .

, ,

(Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984). .

1937

3-7/5 | , PSUC (

) ,

POUM (Ranzato, 2006). ,

,

.

(Ranzato, 2006; Joll, 1975). 15/5 | CNT

. (Ranzato, 2006; Joll, 1975)

( PSOE)

(Ranzato, 2006; Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984). POUM , ,

(Ranzato, 2006). ,

(Ranzato, 2006).

1937

. , ,


26/4 | , ,

.

(Ranzato, 2006; Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984) 28/4 | . (Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984)

3/6 | . (Ranzato, 2006)

31

19/6 | ( )


26/8 | . (Ranzato, 2006; Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984)

21/10 | . (Ranzato, 2006; Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984)

(24/8/1937 7/9/1937) ,

.

( ,

) ,

.

6 , , ,

. (Ranzato, 2006)

,

,

. ,

, . (Ranzato, 2006;

Dolgoff, 1982)

31/10/1937 | . (Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984)

(15/12/1937 22/2/1938)

.

.

,

,

(Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984). 100.000 (Thomas, 1971;

Beevor, 2006).

(9/3/1937 - 19/4/1937) 1938, ,

.

. .

, . 15

32

.

(Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984)

1938

. (Beevor, 2006)

(25/7/1938 16/11/1938) 27

( ) (Ranzato, 2006)

.

,

.

( )

(Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984). , (Ranzato, 2006).

1938

(Ranzato, 2006)

(Gallego, 2004).

(23/12/1938 9/2/1939) ,

. 26 . (Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984)

1939


1939

5/3 | , ,

,

(Ranzato, 2006),

(Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984), . ,

(Ranzato, 2006). 7 12 .

33

,


27/3 | . (Ranzato, 2006)

28/3 | .

. (Ranzato,

2006)

1 1939

:

, ,

, , .


4.6.1

, 500.000

100.000

. 400.000.

(Nanteuil & Dufourcq, 1984; Thomas, 1971)

.

, , ,

.

,

, ,

. (Ranzato, 2006)

28.000 150.000

. (Ranzato, 2006)

.

, .

1975,

. (Ranzato, 2006)

34

4.7

.

. .

, , .

. . .

. .

.

.

, , . .

, 1936 ( )

(Paz, 1999)

4.7.1

1936

, .

,

CNT UGT. (Joll, 1975)

,

. CNT , ,

. ,

UGT .

,

PSOE

,

. (Seidman, 2000)

. ,

.

.

,

, ,

,

. (Bookchin, 1995)

35

,

. (Bookchin, 1995)

4.7.2

,

. ,

,

, , ,

. (Joll, 1975)

Abel Paz (1999):

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

, , .

.

,

, .

( )

, , ,

.

,

. (Ranzato, 2006)

Sam Dolgoff (1982)

, ,

:

,

CNT.

36

7-8 .

876.327 ,

5.692.202

.

1700 : 900 , 400-500 , 300 , 40 , 30 , .

600.000-800.000, .

: , 70%

, 30%

.

3000 . (Conlon, 2001)

4.7.3

, , ,

,

, ,

. ,

,

. (Joll, 1975)

- ,

, ,

. (Joll, 1975)

, 1936,

,

,

37

POUM (Conlon, 2001).

CNT:

,

; ,

;

.

.

,

,

. ()

19 .

(Paz, 1999)

, CNT-FAI . (Joll, 1975)

,

(Joll, 1975). ,

,

, (Ranzato, 2006).

1937 :

,

. ,

. (Joll, 1975)

4.7.4

PCE, ,

. (Ranzato, 2006;

Wetzel, 1986):

, PSOE

,

38

,

,

,

.

,

. (Ranzato, 2006)

:

. ,

,

, , ,

, ..

,

.

(, 1965)

4.7.5

1937.

,

,

, (Paz, 1999). ,

,

. CNT-FAI , ,

39

,

(Joll, 1975).

:

26/9/1936 | CNT

. (Enzensberger, 2005)

1/10/1936 | CNT ,

,

. (Enzensberger, 2005)

4/11/1936 | CNT

. (Joll, 1975; Enzensberger, 2005)

17/12/1936 |

:

.

. (Joll, 1975; Enzensberger, 2005)

1936 |

. (Dolgoff, 1982)

1936 | PCE - POUM (Enzensberger, 2005).

(, 1965).

1937 |

,

. (Dolgoff, 1982)

1937 |

(Enzensberger, 2005). 1936, , 15.600 .

1937, 40.000

(Dolgoff, 1982; Conlon, 2001).

3-7 1937 | , PSUC ( PCE )

CNT POUM

40

.

CNT 1936

(Ranzato, 2006). 4000

.

. 400

, 1000 .

,

(Joll, 1975). POUM

, , ,

(Ranzato, 2006).

,

CNT.

, .

(Ranzato, 2006; Joll, 1975)

1937 | ,

(

).

.

,

. (Ranzato, 2006; Dolgoff, 1982)

( Ranzato, 2006),

:

. ()

95 .

, , .

() , .

41

Murray Bookchin (1995):

, ,

, ,

.

,

, ,

,

,

, .

.

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