BLBL jA]

2 nBYC \

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BLBL jA]

2 nBYC \

AoA nj wBw zkA Ap

AoA BdA o BL nj nBT

B hv

BLBL jA]

1389 AoU

AoA nj wBw zkA Ap

AoA BdA o BL nj nBT

B hv

BLBL jA]

1389 AoU

AoA njwBw zkA ApAoA BdA o BL nj nBT

BLBL jA] AnCd `oe

KB Swoj SwAo oM aBLj7 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

nBTzQ13 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /RAnB~TiA17 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

B zkA nj SwBw : Svh yhM19 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /wBw zkAyAp : Svh ~21 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

wBw v nAmjBM A : j ~45 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /B wBw v BBQ wnA : w ~89 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /wA nj nj wBw v vM : j yhM115 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / xn BU wA jAkBM pA : nBa ~117 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

MAnB wBw zkA : \Q ~151 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /pAn v k iA : z{ ~187 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Bw MA BU oB vdAMA pA : T ~221 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /AoA nj wBw zkA Ap : w yhM249 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Se B kU w o~ ]Ai : Tz ~251 / / / / / / /pAo{ kAK v BzAj : ~275 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Se BBQ Aj kA] : j ~295 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /nAqLw jB BU pAo{ kAnk pA : jpB ~323 / / / / / / / / / /

[BT ioM nj FU : UBi353 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /wB{JBT371 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /BB B384 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /B B390 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /BJBT B396 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

AoA njwBw zkA ApAoA BdA o BL nj nBT

BLBL jA] AnCd `oe

KB Swoj SwAo oM aBLj7 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

nBTzQ13 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /RAnB~TiA17 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

B zkA nj SwBw : Svh yhM19 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /wBw zkAyAp : Svh ~21 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

wBw v nAmjBM A : j ~45 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /B wBw v BBQ wnA : w ~89 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /wA nj nj wBw v vM : j yhM115 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / xn BU wA jAkBM pA : nBa ~117 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

MAnB wBw zkA : \Q ~151 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /pAn v k iA : z{ ~187 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Bw MA BU oB vdAMA pA : T ~221 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /AoA nj wBw zkA Ap : w yhM249 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Se B kU w o~ ]Ai : Tz ~251 / / / / / / /pAo{ kAK v BzAj : ~275 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

Se BBQ Aj kA] : j ~295 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /nAqLw jB BU pAo{ kAnk pA : jpB ~323 / / / / / / / / / /

[BT ioM nj FU : UBi353 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /wB{JBT371 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /BB B384 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /B B390 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /BJBT B396 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

SwAo A nBMnj cU

SwAo A nBMnj cU

AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 8

j SwAo oM aBLjSwAo BM ,yMB ,RB nj ,AoAnjwBwzkAApj SwAo AA T{Twj /SwA MB ,k{ ozT 1373 Bw nj A M C SvhnB pA SAo BLj M BnA{j BA ,jM k{ jBC 1370 Bw M oTjTv] oM BM kATM knB k{ C pA B ,kCyQ AoA v \A njoodU ,T B MpBM BM jM jnC Ao BS{AjjB pANBa oB ]UMKLw M oTj A Svh NBa /k o C pA d NBa pA oUkM RB] ioM pA q j NBa jL Bi RB{A pABLj M An oTj A knB Bp pA /kwn BkAi Swj M SvhBM BU jM C Q nj ,k{ Be B\ ,jo AkQ BzAj Ski pA TAoA /k Ao C pA oUB SwAo RAo pA ioM vpBM MpBMnj ,BC 77 76BBw nj ,unBQ nj Bw jSBA nj ,Svh ,B\M nw A knB kC yQ unBQ nj ,82 Bw nj ,oj nBM , oMpA ioM /SzpBM oTj A nj k{ bo WeBL M oj BSLwBBM jM kC Ao oTj A nBMnj ysQ Bp nj C pA yQ BS{AjjBnBMnj UBdU q BT oUkk] B]oU BSwAo M woTwjvpBM ,SwA To Rn oiA Bj nj B wBw vzkA Ap sM zkA Ap /k{ omQBA oTj A pA ByhMzkA gnBU gnBU R oU pA ,SwA oTj A ,wBwnBzTA BLj M oj oTj j T{ nj knB ,nA pA SwA AoA njBT]A kiMABA BM ,AoAnjwBwzkAApnj /jo Bn An A nBMnj FU Aj ,kwnNBa M ,wA BgnBU pA T nj wBw zkA zkA Ap pA ] ,oTj j o A ysQ A jM knB FU B nj ysQ BAn AoA BdAAoABdAooMAaBLjA BMAoAnBMnjFUSvh k] nj FU

/SwA k{ BLj q,B]A M ,B wBw zkA nBMnj sM oTj A Svh SwAo njnj zkA gnBU B Ak] oTj nj To nj T{Aj k~ jM T hwuwFU pA kw pA uQ SwA wFU B] / nBM ~U M An Bnj Ak\w hw _ p ,jnm AoA nj wBw wnk Tvh

AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 8

j SwAo oM aBLjSwAo BM ,yMB ,RB nj ,AoAnjwBwzkAApj SwAo AA T{Twj /SwA MB ,k{ ozT 1373 Bw nj A M C SvhnB pA SAo BLj M BnA{j BA ,jM k{ jBC 1370 Bw M oTjTv] oM BM kATM knB k{ C pA B ,kCyQ AoA v \A njoodU ,T B MpBM BM jM jnC Ao BS{AjjB pANBa oB ]UMKLw M oTj A Svh NBa /k o C pA d NBa pA oUkM RB] ioM pA q j NBa jL Bi RB{A pABLj M An oTj A knB Bp pA /kwn BkAi Swj M SvhBM BU jM C Q nj ,k{ Be B\ ,jo AkQ BzAj Ski pA TAoA /k Ao C pA oUB SwAo RAo pA ioM vpBM MpBMnj ,BC 77 76BBw nj ,unBQ nj Bw jSBA nj ,Svh ,B\M nw A knB kC yQ unBQ nj ,82 Bw nj ,oj nBM , oMpA ioM /SzpBM oTj A nj k{ bo WeBL M oj BSLwBBM jM kC Ao oTj A nBMnj ysQ Bp nj C pA yQ BS{AjjBnBMnj UBdU q BT oUkk] B]oU BSwAo M woTwjvpBM ,SwA To Rn oiA Bj nj B wBw vzkA Ap sM zkA Ap /k{ omQBA oTj A pA ByhMzkA gnBU gnBU R oU pA ,SwA oTj A ,wBwnBzTA BLj M oj oTj j T{ nj knB ,nA pA SwA AoA njBT]A kiMABA BM ,AoAnjwBwzkAApnj /jo Bn An A nBMnj FU Aj ,kwnNBa M ,wA BgnBU pA T nj wBw zkA zkA Ap pA ] ,oTj j o A ysQ A jM knB FU B nj ysQ BAn AoA BdAAoABdAooMAaBLjA BMAoAnBMnjFUSvh k] nj FU

/SwA k{ BLj q,B]A M ,B wBw zkA nBMnj sM oTj A Svh SwAo njnj zkA gnBU B Ak] oTj nj To nj T{Aj k~ jM T hwuwFU pA kw pA uQ SwA wFU B] / nBM ~U M An Bnj Ak\w hw _ p ,jnm AoA nj wBw wnk Tvh

11 j SwAo oM aBLj AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 10

wBw zkA gnBU nBMnj AoA BT{ /SwA kz T{ T nBM ABQ oM Sv oTzM Swj BTzA jk pA BC nB{ B njoAj pA kAkC Ao Mo BBzAj nBLTAM dw BBwnjnj Ba An BT{ C oU k] Te /kn oUAo U UBM AU ,jo nAo jBTwA jn Bwnj A M nz BBzAjk\w ,j{ ozT BkAi A AoM MoBnz nj BT{njwBwvjBM/kz nBvo{ nz BBzAj yAj pB cw pA oj BT{ oM ,AoU BzAj zQ jBTwA ,SB keJoAkAkikB TA Bwnj BQ oM ,k n M ,jnAj BoUoM/SwA k{ kAjooM q wnB BMp M kC AoJonjwBwzkAnj wBw zkA gnBU BBwnj oU pA A M ,SB JBTnjSwBw pB cw L ,SwA k{ kU AoA BBzAj nj Jov nBMnj hw _ ,kv BjA i M , ,SwA nz ApA ioM C nBzTA pA uQ Bj A S{ kB JBT C nj wBwB CU jkd pA kATvAT ji BBwnj Btnj nj AjBTwAo oB zkA gnBU M Mo BT{ ioM pA o A /knAmM oUAozkA gnBU nBMnj JBT _ BU S AU , oBBwnj MBpnA A /SwA kz kAjooM wnB M Jo nj wBwU q wBw zkA gnBU wBwA MB B]oU M AU An wnBoTzM Swj BTzA nB{ pA BC jk BT{ A B nj /jAjAoM BBwnj A oTzM /SwA kA nBvM jBTwA MB B]oU ,Sv,We A pA , kAk{ T{ SwBw T{n BBw Tvh B\zAjnj Ak BysQ q Bp S{m BM knAj pB nBvM dwC kAi S AU ,To Rn wBw zkA nj oiA BjM Mo BBTwBw nB{ ao A /Sv yM T UA BBwnjgnBU oLT BBwnj nB{ pA oTzM kA ,kAk{ kAjooM wnBA BMp pA BT{ C pA jk q] BA ,SwA Jo nj wBw zkAzsQ M AU B]oU A BQ oM SwA kM kAkz ]oUA oM oLT ovU _ wnB ]oU A sM ,SiAjoQ j a M ]U BM Sv kjoU /Sv toTwj nj q BBTwBwpA jo AkQJonjwBw zkA pA TwnjSBnj ATM zBjLM B nj wBw zkA gnBU T{ AoM nw A knB bo B]CvQA BjnBTwj pA Ajoz BU k{ C oM ,SwA jBTA U kSvh yhM nj BkAi B C AoM An B M Mo BysQBjL ,j{ o A M ,yhM A Sv kjoU / nBM

wBw zkA /jL qo B]A nj C jnC pA BA ,jnAj k] kBT{ ]oU BLj M ,kC kAi Ba ,wA nj Bv,We A pA , k{ pBC BT{ A nj FU BM Mo M B BvSe BM LU Bkj pA o A ,wA nj wBw v nBMnj WdMnj nj wBw v vM /jM kAh B{A pA Bi ,jz k\w BpA k{ pBC B nj SwA v CpAnj Sw pA Anj ,wAAjB{ M j wA ,dv wBw Bv nj C vM Ao\nj kk] Anj AoM ,yAp yL] pA uQ , k Anj BkU AoMnj nj wBw v nBMnj WdM ,knB o M /k{ kLU pJozkA UC dU nj z q wA kU nj C BB] wAqA /SwA zkA B jy\w kpB ,jopBM AoA nj sM wBwSvh yhM nj An wBw v B nj zkA yAp nBMnj WdM ,A oMzkA B jBM Boj oM UoQ AjnC nA pA oTj A

/{BM kA wA nj M B wBw v BTA nj wBwwBw zkA B nBTiBw nj jBM Boj Bp BUTwnj M SwA ToRn wA nj wBw zkA M BTA nj BkAh omQBA zkA B j dU bBA ,k{BM kz {nB Apnjoi zkA pA B jBM oM kU o o /k{BTA k ,kC kAi Ba /kTv C BM Bw j{ nATwAv nj B C Ak B ,wA nj M B v B pA ioMioM Ak nj wA kU BU SwA k{ K] ,nj A nj wBwBnz gnBU UC dU nj oA j{ uwFU jBM Bi M /SwA TvM jBM Boj ioM oM An An wAnj pA yQ , n M ,C nAq pJowA nj ,oTj A WdM jn kU pe nj ,S{Aj nAo C Ap hnBU BdA BM ,k{ pBC C Bkw Tvh nj BM, BU ,RB] ioM pA kC C yAp BLj M B Bkw ,zkAjAj Swj M C pA dU oj So nj kBM BRn M BAnBTiBw dU nBMnj zsQ oM kCnj BU oTj A /jnAj AjA ,j{dU C BAp pA ioM oM UoQ SwA C jo { ,Bnj ao A ,wBw zkA gnBU M jon a SwA kM /kAnj wBw zkA zkA gnBU jn nj BA ,Sv MBwM pJokCnj ,oq B ,kC oTj A nj aC ,AoMBM jnAk AMBw AoAAoA nj wBw zkA zkA pA k gnBU p /k{BM kAU yMMBpnA ,k{BM kz kU hnBU a Bp BU SwA kz T{

11 j SwAo oM aBLj AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 10

wBw zkA gnBU nBMnj AoA BT{ /SwA kz T{ T nBM ABQ oM Sv oTzM Swj BTzA jk pA BC nB{ B njoAj pA kAkC Ao Mo BBzAj nBLTAM dw BBwnjnj Ba An BT{ C oU k] Te /kn oUAo U UBM AU ,jo nAo jBTwA jn Bwnj A M nz BBzAjk\w ,j{ ozT BkAi A AoM MoBnz nj BT{njwBwvjBM/kz nBvo{ nz BBzAj yAj pB cw pA oj BT{ oM ,AoU BzAj zQ jBTwA ,SB keJoAkAkikB TA Bwnj BQ oM ,k n M ,jnAj BoUoM/SwA k{ kAjooM q wnB BMp M kC AoJonjwBwzkAnj wBw zkA gnBU BBwnj oU pA A M ,SB JBTnjSwBw pB cw L ,SwA k{ kU AoA BBzAj nj Jov nBMnj hw _ ,kv BjA i M , ,SwA nz ApA ioM C nBzTA pA uQ Bj A S{ kB JBT C nj wBwB CU jkd pA kATvAT ji BBwnj Btnj nj AjBTwAo oB zkA gnBU M Mo BT{ ioM pA o A /knAmM oUAozkA gnBU nBMnj JBT _ BU S AU , oBBwnj MBpnA A /SwA kz kAjooM wnB M Jo nj wBwU q wBw zkA gnBU wBwA MB B]oU M AU An wnBoTzM Swj BTzA nB{ pA BC jk BT{ A B nj /jAjAoM BBwnj A oTzM /SwA kA nBvM jBTwA MB B]oU ,Sv,We A pA , kAk{ T{ SwBw T{n BBw Tvh B\zAjnj Ak BysQ q Bp S{m BM knAj pB nBvM dwC kAi S AU ,To Rn wBw zkA nj oiA BjM Mo BBTwBw nB{ ao A /Sv yM T UA BBwnjgnBU oLT BBwnj nB{ pA oTzM kA ,kAk{ kAjooM wnBA BMp pA BT{ C pA jk q] BA ,SwA Jo nj wBw zkAzsQ M AU B]oU A BQ oM SwA kM kAkz ]oUA oM oLT ovU _ wnB ]oU A sM ,SiAjoQ j a M ]U BM Sv kjoU /Sv toTwj nj q BBTwBwpA jo AkQJonjwBw zkA pA TwnjSBnj ATM zBjLM B nj wBw zkA gnBU T{ AoM nw A knB bo B]CvQA BjnBTwj pA Ajoz BU k{ C oM ,SwA jBTA U kSvh yhM nj BkAi B C AoM An B M Mo BysQBjL ,j{ o A M ,yhM A Sv kjoU / nBM

wBw zkA /jL qo B]A nj C jnC pA BA ,jnAj k] kBT{ ]oU BLj M ,kC kAi Ba ,wA nj Bv,We A pA , k{ pBC BT{ A nj FU BM Mo M B BvSe BM LU Bkj pA o A ,wA nj wBw v nBMnj WdMnj nj wBw v vM /jM kAh B{A pA Bi ,jz k\w BpA k{ pBC B nj SwA v CpAnj Sw pA Anj ,wAAjB{ M j wA ,dv wBw Bv nj C vM Ao\nj kk] Anj AoM ,yAp yL] pA uQ , k Anj BkU AoMnj nj wBw v nBMnj WdM ,knB o M /k{ kLU pJozkA UC dU nj z q wA kU nj C BB] wAqA /SwA zkA B jy\w kpB ,jopBM AoA nj sM wBwSvh yhM nj An wBw v B nj zkA yAp nBMnj WdM ,A oMzkA B jBM Boj oM UoQ AjnC nA pA oTj A

/{BM kA wA nj M B wBw v BTA nj wBwwBw zkA B nBTiBw nj jBM Boj Bp BUTwnj M SwA ToRn wA nj wBw zkA M BTA nj BkAh omQBA zkA B j dU bBA ,k{BM kz {nB Apnjoi zkA pA B jBM oM kU o o /k{BTA k ,kC kAi Ba /kTv C BM Bw j{ nATwAv nj B C Ak B ,wA nj M B v B pA ioMioM Ak nj wA kU BU SwA k{ K] ,nj A nj wBwBnz gnBU UC dU nj oA j{ uwFU jBM Bi M /SwA TvM jBM Boj ioM oM An An wAnj pA yQ , n M ,C nAq pJowA nj ,oTj A WdM jn kU pe nj ,S{Aj nAo C Ap hnBU BdA BM ,k{ pBC C Bkw Tvh nj BM, BU ,RB] ioM pA kC C yAp BLj M B Bkw ,zkAjAj Swj M C pA dU oj So nj kBM BRn M BAnBTiBw dU nBMnj zsQ oM kCnj BU oTj A /jnAj AjA ,j{dU C BAp pA ioM oM UoQ SwA C jo { ,Bnj ao A ,wBw zkA gnBU M jon a SwA kM /kAnj wBw zkA zkA gnBU jn nj BA ,Sv MBwM pJokCnj ,oq B ,kC oTj A nj aC ,AoMBM jnAk AMBw AoAAoA nj wBw zkA zkA pA k gnBU p /k{BM kAU yMMBpnA ,k{BM kz kU hnBU a Bp BU SwA kz T{

13 j SwAo oM aBLj AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 12

/k{ kAh omQBA kk] JwA M ]U BM sM C pA TwnjjoLzQ o nj q AoA kC wBw zkA gnBU hnBU BojyL] RBk kC Ao BM Bp Te SvBM SwA XdM aBSv{ ,zkA gnBU Bkj pA /k{ pBC AoA jo AiozBL] pA o o ,AoA nj jk\U hnBU RdU Q nj Q \v AzkA Ak pA {B ,hnBU jB~TA ,wBw ,BT]AhnBU oj _ jB{ ,C kM SwA jBM B ioM jLwBw zkA gnBU pA Ai ,nA pA /k{ kAh nATwA AkB v ~U gnBU C pA yM ,kC Svh yhM nj ByhM j nj BC dU BTA SwA B ioM nBMnj XdM ,k{BM

/k{ kAi BLj ojgnBU Rz oUk pA ioM oM oB ,kC oTj A nj XeBLATM jq AkC nj kwn o M SwA AoA nj zkA gnBU nM ,j SwAo A /jo o C BAp pA yhMSBn dUAn C Sv B{A pA Bi ,jnAj C Svh SwAo oM BSq/j nAo BkAi toTwj nj ,T o] ,j hv a/SwA kwo BBQ M p oTj A nBMnj RFU BysQBBQ M AoA nj wBw zkA gnBU nBMnj BysQ BaUBdU kk] MB pA Tv] jw BM ,kC nj ,jM BM o o A ,kwnBU jo Ai U oTj A pA w hv ,jnAj Bo] p A nj a o A / nBM oTzM ~U Sj BM An C WeBL pA ioM kB{AU RBBA BM ,v A pA v nAkA ,kB Swj M ToBa , AU RBBA /k BLj An nB A ,T{Aj aC pA oTzMB\A M An nB ATM jM C pA oT ,AT Svh SwAo nBTzQ njww yQ Bj pA /k{ R S M q BSo pA nBvM ;BwoMTiAkA a B] nj ,SwA kC oTj A nj Swj A pA XeBLA BAp k AoM n{ q en v] AU To Tvw BM jMkB q j hv A AoTA kBM /SwA To AnC zM ,Ajo C nBMnj ysQ o An Bj AoM Svh SwAozhM An oTj A ,A ,Be o M ,BA ,Sv kkwoi ,] _M ,SwA AoA hnBU BdA o WeBL nBMnj oUnqM bo pAM q An KB A WdM C M Ak BU kU BkAiA ,A /k{BM T{Aj o nj AoA BdA o oM Ak AtoTwj nj BU BoTj vpBM Tvh A M An j SwAonj ATM nAkA nAmA Ak nAj M ,To nAo BkAi

AoAnjwBwzkAgnBUoMvkCnjpA B SwAo jq kCAn AoA nj wBw zkA gnBU WeBL pA oj ioM Ao q An

/j nAo wnoM jn

1389 AoU 1378 oMBLBL jA]

13 j SwAo oM aBLj AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 12

/k{ kAh omQBA kk] JwA M ]U BM sM C pA TwnjjoLzQ o nj q AoA kC wBw zkA gnBU hnBU BojyL] RBk kC Ao BM Bp Te SvBM SwA XdM aBSv{ ,zkA gnBU Bkj pA /k{ pBC AoA jo AiozBL] pA o o ,AoA nj jk\U hnBU RdU Q nj Q \v AzkA Ak pA {B ,hnBU jB~TA ,wBw ,BT]AhnBU oj _ jB{ ,C kM SwA jBM B ioM jLwBw zkA gnBU pA Ai ,nA pA /k{ kAh nATwA AkB v ~U gnBU C pA yM ,kC Svh yhM nj ByhM j nj BC dU BTA SwA B ioM nBMnj XdM ,k{BM

/k{ kAi BLj ojgnBU Rz oUk pA ioM oM oB ,kC oTj A nj XeBLATM jq AkC nj kwn o M SwA AoA nj zkA gnBU nM ,j SwAo A /jo o C BAp pA yhMSBn dUAn C Sv B{A pA Bi ,jnAj C Svh SwAo oM BSq/j nAo BkAi toTwj nj ,T o] ,j hv a/SwA kwo BBQ M p oTj A nBMnj RFU BysQBBQ M AoA nj wBw zkA gnBU nBMnj BysQ BaUBdU kk] MB pA Tv] jw BM ,kC nj ,jM BM o o A ,kwnBU jo Ai U oTj A pA w hv ,jnAj Bo] p A nj a o A / nBM oTzM ~U Sj BM An C WeBL pA ioM kB{AU RBBA BM ,v A pA v nAkA ,kB Swj M ToBa , AU RBBA /k BLj An nB A ,T{Aj aC pA oTzMB\A M An nB ATM jM C pA oT ,AT Svh SwAo nBTzQ njww yQ Bj pA /k{ R S M q BSo pA nBvM ;BwoMTiAkA a B] nj ,SwA kC oTj A nj Swj A pA XeBLA BAp k AoM n{ q en v] AU To Tvw BM jMkB q j hv A AoTA kBM /SwA To AnC zM ,Ajo C nBMnj ysQ o An Bj AoM Svh SwAozhM An oTj A ,A ,Be o M ,BA ,Sv kkwoi ,] _M ,SwA AoA hnBU BdA o WeBL nBMnj oUnqM bo pAM q An KB A WdM C M Ak BU kU BkAiA ,A /k{BM T{Aj o nj AoA BdA o oM Ak AtoTwj nj BU BoTj vpBM Tvh A M An j SwAonj ATM nAkA nAmA Ak nAj M ,To nAo BkAi

AoAnjwBwzkAgnBUoMvkCnjpA B SwAo jq kCAn AoA nj wBw zkA gnBU WeBL pA oj ioM Ao q An

/j nAo wnoM jn

1389 AoU 1378 oMBLBL jA]

AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 14

Svh SwAo nBTzQpA ioM oM UoQ BU jnAj C C SwA kC Ao yhM w pA oTj A/kM pAoA wA nj nj wBw zkA TiB{B {nB BAp,yQ BBw pA , SwA BysQ pA oTj A TiAjoQ zkA BTwBioMvkCnjA BM A pA yQ oTj nj /jM jo pBC knBM UAnB{A ,jM To nAo BkAi nBTiA njAoAnjwBwzkAgnBUAU An oTj A /SwA kC AoA nj wBw zkA gnBU ] pA ioMBzB{ pBC BM An C hnBU AU kao ,SvAj C BLjzkA nBgnBU nw A knB /k BLj ,kC BBQ M B,k nB{A hnBU VjAe M B]C Te M ,Sv AoA nj wBwC Ap vM ,kCoM zkA nj M o] gnBU An MoMvkCnjSvh ~ nj ysQ pA ] A M nB{A /jnAj oB M kCnj M jqA SwA kCAoAnjwBwzkAgnBUnj AjBL BU k{BM omU An gnBU o M k kAi SwA jM CBLj xn B q oTj A nj /j{ U nBaj oTj C B njzkA nj nBT ka pA SwA USwj nj oj oTj nj SwA k{M p /kC kAi nBM A nj hw ,kC Ao wA AoA nj wBwAoAnjwBwzkAgnBUoMvkCnj\Q ~ nj SwA nCjBoTj A jM kC B]A AnB{A oTj A WdM jn Bv pA ioM MoTj j A B aC SwA T BA ,SwA ~ B U ~Unj aC pA TvM M jq BU : SwA kA nBvM ,SwA oTzoTj nj ,TLA jM kC ~ C nj ,SwA To nAo WdM jn B]AAk{Q za ,jM kC ~ C oM k Lw oM aC pBM pA oBeAn Bhw C ,oTj A kAi M pBC pA yQ ,k kAi nAkA

/kAhM oBi kk\U AoM oj nBMA nj BA ,jM T hw AoA nj wBw zkA Ap pA ,~ C njWdM An pA ,WdM C ~U Bhw C BQ oM BU AjM C oM oTj/ nm AoA hnBU BdA jBM M wBw zkA Ap nBMnjkU hnBU BdA bo M kpBC oTj A ,A nj SwA WdM oM kCnj BU oTj A ,TLA /SwA C nBMnj Aoo BL RBk pA _ Ao{ nj oTw nB a o AU nj nAk nBTiA nj An AAjoQ nr zsQ a B\A

AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 14

Svh SwAo nBTzQpA ioM oM UoQ BU jnAj C C SwA kC Ao yhM w pA oTj A/kM pAoA wA nj nj wBw zkA TiB{B {nB BAp,yQ BBw pA , SwA BysQ pA oTj A TiAjoQ zkA BTwBioMvkCnjA BM A pA yQ oTj nj /jM jo pBC knBM UAnB{A ,jM To nAo BkAi nBTiA njAoAnjwBwzkAgnBUAU An oTj A /SwA kC AoA nj wBw zkA gnBU ] pA ioMBzB{ pBC BM An C hnBU AU kao ,SvAj C BLjzkA nBgnBU nw A knB /k BLj ,kC BBQ M B,k nB{A hnBU VjAe M B]C Te M ,Sv AoA nj wBwC Ap vM ,kCoM zkA nj M o] gnBU An MoMvkCnjSvh ~ nj ysQ pA ] A M nB{A /jnAj oB M kCnj M jqA SwA kCAoAnjwBwzkAgnBUnj AjBL BU k{BM omU An gnBU o M k kAi SwA jM CBLj xn B q oTj A nj /j{ U nBaj oTj C B njzkA nj nBT ka pA SwA USwj nj oj oTj nj SwA k{M p /kC kAi nBM A nj hw ,kC Ao wA AoA nj wBwAoAnjwBwzkAgnBUoMvkCnj\Q ~ nj SwA nCjBoTj A jM kC B]A AnB{A oTj A WdM jn Bv pA ioM MoTj j A B aC SwA T BA ,SwA ~ B U ~Unj aC pA TvM M jq BU : SwA kA nBvM ,SwA oTzoTj nj ,TLA jM kC ~ C nj ,SwA To nAo WdM jn B]AAk{Q za ,jM kC ~ C oM k Lw oM aC pBM pA oBeAn Bhw C ,oTj A kAi M pBC pA yQ ,k kAi nAkA

/kAhM oBi kk\U AoM oj nBMA nj BA ,jM T hw AoA nj wBw zkA Ap pA ,~ C njWdM An pA ,WdM C ~U Bhw C BQ oM BU AjM C oM oTj/ nm AoA hnBU BdA jBM M wBw zkA Ap nBMnjkU hnBU BdA bo M kpBC oTj A ,A nj SwA WdM oM kCnj BU oTj A ,TLA /SwA C nBMnj Aoo BL RBk pA _ Ao{ nj oTw nB a o AU nj nAk nBTiA nj An AAjoQ nr zsQ a B\A

AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 16

M B AkC nj A : Sv nw A knB ,Be o M , UpA uQ BU A n kwn kAi B\A M v BAU Swjk M ,jnm pAoA nj zkA U pA kw nBa M jqnBMnj kzkA Ao\ pA q] hnBU BdA pA nAm /SwA jBTA UC B M ,Akzk nBM A nj BU o A k{ kAh omQBA Ckh AoA kU o gnBU oQ owAow nj BdA nBi SvjkPw pA ,pBC B pA pJo Mo\U M ]U BM M ,SwAAU ,SwA kzkA M ,Th BRn nj ,Bo,Sv BdA k Bz o nj BdA Ak SMo\U M B ,JBT A TiAjoQ nj M kBM /SwA C MkB B]A nj hw ,co~U M ,nBM A nj ao A ,AT{Aj pJoBdA nBMnj pJo nj aC BQ oM T{Aj C ow o A /SwA, pAjoPM pAjoQo M ,Tn pAoA oM aC oM U BM k{ TA kAi /Sn Swj pA WdM Aj BvM a kz ApAnj M hw kAkM k{BM T{Aj oBi M ow o kAi nj kBM An T A nwnj BywoQ jM n : SwA kB B]A nj oTj A o ATzQnAkA knB SwA B]A a Ainm ,k{ bo RBd Anj nBM A nj An ji BysQ pA oj yhM oj So nj SwA

/jnAmM BkAi nBTiAnj /k wnoM An Bv jq nj wBw zkA Ap BU oTj A pAjoPM BvwBw jq nj wBw zkA Ap M kBM oj B]C oTj A TiAjoQ nj B{A /AkB BvBTwBw An BC A pA yQzkA Ap gnBU pA zhM ,ji ,AoA nj wBw v Ap SwA jMv zkA Ap gnBU nj k] zsQ [BT o A SwA AoA nj vkC oTj A nj Swj A pA BywoQ bo ,k{BL Swj nj AoA njka o ,eo SwA k{ oTj A knB /jM kAi B ,SwAao A ,k woU ji AoM AoA nj v zkA Ap d pA ,pBCA nj AnB{C BdA nBMnj WdM o ATzQ kB q WdM Az{ AoA nj v zkA Ap gnBU nj ysQ /SwA kB RBdpA An TBnj SvAU knB B]C pA ;kL n k] SwA jnC AnB{A ,TLwB M ,B ,jnBM B]A nj ,jnAj AB] ,Be o M BA ,k{BM kvM kAU An RnBzM A kAi ao Ajkd RAnB{A ,Bw kM /jo kAh oQ An p A nj zsQ BiAoA nj v zkA Ap hnBU BdA o pA WdM nj knBBi> jo kBL B ,nBM /j{ U ~U pA kM B]A pA kBM

/kB Ao yM ao A

AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 16

M B AkC nj A : Sv nw A knB ,Be o M , UpA uQ BU A n kwn kAi B\A M v BAU Swjk M ,jnm pAoA nj zkA U pA kw nBa M jqnBMnj kzkA Ao\ pA q] hnBU BdA pA nAm /SwA jBTA UC B M ,Akzk nBM A nj BU o A k{ kAh omQBA Ckh AoA kU o gnBU oQ owAow nj BdA nBi SvjkPw pA ,pBC B pA pJo Mo\U M ]U BM M ,SwAAU ,SwA kzkA M ,Th BRn nj ,Bo,Sv BdA k Bz o nj BdA Ak SMo\U M B ,JBT A TiAjoQ nj M kBM /SwA C MkB B]A nj hw ,co~U M ,nBM A nj ao A ,AT{Aj pJoBdA nBMnj pJo nj aC BQ oM T{Aj C ow o A /SwA, pAjoPM pAjoQo M ,Tn pAoA oM aC oM U BM k{ TA kAi /Sn Swj pA WdM Aj BvM a kz ApAnj M hw kAkM k{BM T{Aj oBi M ow o kAi nj kBM An T A nwnj BywoQ jM n : SwA kB B]A nj oTj A o ATzQnAkA knB SwA B]A a Ainm ,k{ bo RBd Anj nBM A nj An ji BysQ pA oj yhM oj So nj SwA

/jnAmM BkAi nBTiAnj /k wnoM An Bv jq nj wBw zkA Ap BU oTj A pAjoPM BvwBw jq nj wBw zkA Ap M kBM oj B]C oTj A TiAjoQ nj B{A /AkB BvBTwBw An BC A pA yQzkA Ap gnBU pA zhM ,ji ,AoA nj wBw v Ap SwA jMv zkA Ap gnBU nj k] zsQ [BT o A SwA AoA nj vkC oTj A nj Swj A pA BywoQ bo ,k{BL Swj nj AoA njka o ,eo SwA k{ oTj A knB /jM kAi B ,SwAao A ,k woU ji AoM AoA nj v zkA Ap d pA ,pBCA nj AnB{C BdA nBMnj WdM o ATzQ kB q WdM Az{ AoA nj v zkA Ap gnBU nj ysQ /SwA kB RBdpA An TBnj SvAU knB B]C pA ;kL n k] SwA jnC AnB{A ,TLwB M ,B ,jnBM B]A nj ,jnAj AB] ,Be o M BA ,k{BM kvM kAU An RnBzM A kAi ao Ajkd RAnB{A ,Bw kM /jo kAh oQ An p A nj zsQ BiAoA nj v zkA Ap hnBU BdA o pA WdM nj knBBi> jo kBL B ,nBM /j{ U ~U pA kM B]A pA kBM

/kB Ao yM ao A

AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 18

RAnB~TiABQnA BBMp M /1

EE:Aristote,EthiqueEudme,

EN:Aristote,EthiqueNicomaque,

GP:Tucydide,LaguerreduPloponse,

L:Platon,LesLois,

LL:Platon,LalettreVII,

OPG:JeanPierreVernant,Lesoriginesdelapensegrecque,

POL:Aristote,Politique,

P:Platon,Lepolitique,

R:Platon,Rpublique,

Mo wnB BBMp M /2

,BAkAAAnC,MAnB o~MA : AnC, AB~eA,MAnB o~MA : B~eA

,oBiA,w kAo~ :iA, wAKBM A,oB MA : A

,dAnAowA,nAqLw jB : nAowA,AJnB\U ,v MA :JnB\U

,iAKmU ,v MA :KmU,joiAkB],v MA :AkB]

AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 18

RAnB~TiABQnA BBMp M /1

EE:Aristote,EthiqueEudme,

EN:Aristote,EthiqueNicomaque,

GP:Tucydide,LaguerreduPloponse,

L:Platon,LesLois,

LL:Platon,LalettreVII,

OPG:JeanPierreVernant,Lesoriginesdelapensegrecque,

POL:Aristote,Politique,

P:Platon,Lepolitique,

R:Platon,Rpublique,

Mo wnB BBMp M /2

,BAkAAAnC,MAnB o~MA : AnC, AB~eA,MAnB o~MA : B~eA

,oBiA,w kAo~ :iA, wAKBM A,oB MA : A

,dAnAowA,nAqLw jB : nAowA,AJnB\U ,v MA :JnB\U

,iAKmU ,v MA :KmU,joiAkB],v MA :AkB]

AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 20

,]iA,Aj kA ] :], ,ZBTA nj,pAo{ kAK : 1nj

, ,ZBTA nj,pAo{ kAK : 2nj,qT~,MAnB o~MA :~,kAwBvA,MAnB o~MA :

k

,LARAjnAA,pAo{ kAnk :RAjnAA

Svh yhM

B zkA nj SwBw

AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 20

,]iA,Aj kA ] :], ,ZBTA nj,pAo{ kAK : 1nj

, ,ZBTA nj,pAo{ kAK : 2nj,qT~,MAnB o~MA :~,kAwBvA,MAnB o~MA :

k

,LARAjnAA,pAo{ kAnk :RAjnAA

Svh yhM

B zkA nj SwBw

Svh ~

wBw zkA yAp

LU BwnoM BQ oM ,zkA gnBU gnBU AozsQ poAsM jApC kAC oM ,kk] yAj BjnBTwj pA Tv] jw BM qkk] Anj zkA nj B Sw AjA nj B M Te SwBw

{ A nj jApC kU B Bo{ nj An{ B nBMnj /1gnBU Bkj pA BU ~ A nj B /SwA To Rn nBvM BysQ AoBo

/SwA kC op BJBT nj K ~U / nB{A WdM A M wBw zkAMosesFinley,Politicsintheancientworld;ChristianMeier,Entstehungdes

PolitischenbeidenGriechen;JacquelinedeRomilly,LalibertchezlesGrecs.

Ba 1/SwA jM B zkA BnC pA k{ k Mo,Svh An BnwA BjA M qTo zkA ,v/// wA ,dv pA A v gnBU ,A nj kjo uwFU BBjL oj AA B nj B v vM gnBU q] j B MgnBU ,Be o M ,q wA dv nj nj wBw v gnBU ,SwA vM gnBU ,nA pA /SwA kU nj A nj BB wBw v vMv BL BM kBM q An wA dv Bnj nj wBw v ApxoTv yAp a pA dU ,nBLTA A M , k\w B wBwAnAj wA nj nj wBw v dU gnBU AoM B vBMp nj nBLUMo rA k pA aC /SwA As SArA B BM kQ ,SBnj BT{ M ]U BM AU wnBMo B]oU nj /jnAk ,kATvAj C jB An rA C nBLUB

Svh ~

wBw zkA yAp

LU BwnoM BQ oM ,zkA gnBU gnBU AozsQ poAsM jApC kAC oM ,kk] yAj BjnBTwj pA Tv] jw BM qkk] Anj zkA nj B Sw AjA nj B M Te SwBw

{ A nj jApC kU B Bo{ nj An{ B nBMnj /1gnBU Bkj pA BU ~ A nj B /SwA To Rn nBvM BysQ AoBo

/SwA kC op BJBT nj K ~U / nB{A WdM A M wBw zkAMosesFinley,Politicsintheancientworld;ChristianMeier,Entstehungdes

PolitischenbeidenGriechen;JacquelinedeRomilly,LalibertchezlesGrecs.

Ba 1/SwA jM B zkA BnC pA k{ k Mo,Svh An BnwA BjA M qTo zkA ,v/// wA ,dv pA A v gnBU ,A nj kjo uwFU BBjL oj AA B nj B v vM gnBU q] j B MgnBU ,Be o M ,q wA dv nj nj wBw v gnBU ,SwA vM gnBU ,nA pA /SwA kU nj A nj BB wBw v vMv BL BM kBM q An wA dv Bnj nj wBw v ApxoTv yAp a pA dU ,nBLTA A M , k\w B wBwAnAj wA nj nj wBw v dU gnBU AoM B vBMp nj nBLUMo rA k pA aC /SwA As SArA B BM kQ ,SBnj BT{ M ]U BM AU wnBMo B]oU nj /jnAk ,kATvAj C jB An rA C nBLUB

25 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 24

ArA ,kC Ao wA nj Bkw Tvh nj B BT

C k AkU nj BrA B]A nj SwA nCjB M p /1kB BbA nj BM An C kBL SwA k{ To nB M MAnB jq nj sM rA AoM jB oiA jn j o nj M , bA ,BB SwA nCjB M p /jo BLT{A ,SwA civilnBLU U,SwA C kk] joMnB nj j] M oz An civilrA jB Akk] B M B] BA ,jM BvA BT]A ao A ,B k B o{ /kTiB{nj M poA civilsocietybA q BQnA BBMp nj /jL CM Sj jB k\ kw pBC BU ,j{ ]oU stateB Sj BM C qBU MBU

/k{ k B] wBw RBLwB B

kao 1,SwA Mo BMp nj C RBTz ,k{ To nB M oTzM RBLwB pA zAj B M q rA SA M oiA rA kwn o M BA ,Tn nB M ,k WdMB yAj jBM rA /SwA oUjq BB jq nj C SBnjnj Bw MA M C pA MAnB jM polisBvA y o nj,kC kAi Ba ,BB jq nj /kAjo oLU MBzAjo{ jo pA BpBw BBw nj BvA BTvM BkQ oUoMM C joMnB nj o{ pA k{ kAi polisB M ,k{ nAooM,Bw kM /jM qBT ,k{ kAi astuB M nAjA keA AjM ko{ kQ ,o{ nj BvA jAoA kQ oUoM ,BB jq njo oM nj ,oMAoM jApC Bjo B B Tv Bo{ nj kB ,oj BkQ SB BBw ,jABi BkQ BiA /kC nB{ M C pA MBU ,jABi BkQ q C BkQBM ArA BM o{ BM C SLv nj B nj An C yAj ko{ kQ SwA jo oLU M j C pA MAnB kjoao A ,BpolisB o{ /j{ kAi poAnj A M ,rA A kk] B M , BA ,jM BvA BT]Ape ,B] i M ,B o{ /jL ,k{ To nB M BT]A

pe nj SB BBw UBLwB o oM nj jM cB~ M B]nA BM , bA nj ,B] /S{Aj nAo ~i Bnj Benj ,j{ oU ,C BM MBU nj ,Swj B ,nBU nj SjnB{ M Ako{ TB] BM Ako{ cB~ B Bo{BM C nBU nj oA o BB jq nj /S{Aj Rke ,kkC jAoT , oA k{ oU B o{ BM So nAo o nj oA /jM BM C MBU nj oA ,[nkU M , S{Aj kQ oMAoM jApC Ako{] B SB] B]C pA /k{ oU oj o oM o oapA Ak] Tj BjB ,jM keA oA BC cB~ Ako{

M Mo BT{ ]oU An pA oiA Bj nj bA /1Sj> KoU Aop ,Sv B{A pA Bi B polis]oU nj ,TB An wnB BMpSA BM AoM oTzM SwA vA city-statebA oMAoM nj kk] ]

25 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 24

ArA ,kC Ao wA nj Bkw Tvh nj B BT

C k AkU nj BrA B]A nj SwA nCjB M p /1kB BbA nj BM An C kBL SwA k{ To nB M MAnB jq nj sM rA AoM jB oiA jn j o nj M , bA ,BB SwA nCjB M p /jo BLT{A ,SwA civilnBLU U,SwA C kk] joMnB nj j] M oz An civilrA jB Akk] B M B] BA ,jM BvA BT]A ao A ,B k B o{ /kTiB{nj M poA civilsocietybA q BQnA BBMp nj /jL CM Sj jB k\ kw pBC BU ,j{ ]oU stateB Sj BM C qBU MBU

/k{ k B] wBw RBLwB B

kao 1,SwA Mo BMp nj C RBTz ,k{ To nB M oTzM RBLwB pA zAj B M q rA SA M oiA rA kwn o M BA ,Tn nB M ,k WdMB yAj jBM rA /SwA oUjq BB jq nj C SBnjnj Bw MA M C pA MAnB jM polisBvA y o nj,kC kAi Ba ,BB jq nj /kAjo oLU MBzAjo{ jo pA BpBw BBw nj BvA BTvM BkQ oUoMM C joMnB nj o{ pA k{ kAi polisB M ,k{ nAooM,Bw kM /jM qBT ,k{ kAi astuB M nAjA keA AjM ko{ kQ ,o{ nj BvA jAoA kQ oUoM ,BB jq njo oM nj ,oMAoM jApC Bjo B B Tv Bo{ nj kB ,oj BkQ SB BBw ,jABi BkQ BiA /kC nB{ M C pA MBU ,jABi BkQ q C BkQBM ArA BM o{ BM C SLv nj B nj An C yAj ko{ kQ SwA jo oLU M j C pA MAnB kjoao A ,BpolisB o{ /j{ kAi poAnj A M ,rA A kk] B M , BA ,jM BvA BT]Ape ,B] i M ,B o{ /jL ,k{ To nB M BT]A

pe nj SB BBw UBLwB o oM nj jM cB~ M B]nA BM , bA nj ,B] /S{Aj nAo ~i Bnj Benj ,j{ oU ,C BM MBU nj ,Swj B ,nBU nj SjnB{ M Ako{ TB] BM Ako{ cB~ B Bo{BM C nBU nj oA o BB jq nj /S{Aj Rke ,kkC jAoT , oA k{ oU B o{ BM So nAo o nj oA /jM BM C MBU nj oA ,[nkU M , S{Aj kQ oMAoM jApC Ako{] B SB] B]C pA /k{ oU oj o oM o oapA Ak] Tj BjB ,jM keA oA BC cB~ Ako{

M Mo BT{ ]oU An pA oiA Bj nj bA /1Sj> KoU Aop ,Sv B{A pA Bi B polis]oU nj ,TB An wnB BMpSA BM AoM oTzM SwA vA city-statebA oMAoM nj kk] ]

27 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 26

Bpow BM nBMj BkQ /kAkB B pow ow pA ,j pA yQ Tz kw Svh jke nj ,Ao{ nj ,nBinj o{ C nj An ji ,BB ,A BQnA yhM nj k{ Tonj i M ,nBMj kQ A BA ,kjAj nAo FU jn C BM SLv,nBM A : jL BC pA kU B BkU C BM o o pA ,Bnj An ji SBA oUoM jM TB Swj AnBMj B C M B nj /jo oU ,kkB BoMoM BB B] BM y\w kQo~ qCnAowA Bj nj ko B{ B] M ,B BT]A RBeAn C jM k{ nAooM UBLwB ,jM nAjnioM jkdB Unk pA ,jiAk nj B T RBLwB C S{ow kAkAi wBw kT{Aj Bv w oMAoM jApC Ako{ T A nj /jM ,Ao{ a nj /kC nB{ M B nA pA o{ nAjA M Mo nABC wB BM yoC Si M Mo BBvA B] MM AzkA ,S{Aj kQ BAoBo M Mo BnwA B{ KwBU ,jBU BL oM B] jB jBM AoM z{ kC j]

1.OPG,p.7.

jke nj ,B joi yAp 1/jM B kjzU Aq]A B oMAoM zkA k{ omQBA Ao{ nj ,j pA yQ T Tz BkwoUAo SBj jkd pA TBnj AoBwA pA An ji SvAUnj a j cU kBM dU A nj AoM /k Ak] ,Sn,jM kwn ZA M ]U A Anj nj poz BM nBMj kQRBk ,wBw zkA k{ j BM , k{ ko o{ B BBQ

/kC Ao v nAmjBMjM To B\A B poz B Svv p B nj njAnAj Bv M SB BBw B{ o~ AoQ oM BT]A RBe

,B{ ,o~ jB~TA B nj /jM jB~TA nAjA ,B ,wBw ,j zq kjAj zU An As L AoMj nB o\B MBo jB~TA RBe ByhM ,B{ BwnpBM o~ AnAqnBBj ,RB] ioM pA /jAj BBw B Sj BM An BT]A SBBQ oM BSj C nj S{Aj o{ Bpow M TBL{ BAn RA nBMC M Mo nA jq nBi nj sM nBMC jB~TA SwA nB{C BA ,jAj BpBw ,jM UBe pnBz jB~TA AoM S{Aj jq nBi M SLv UBT S ,B nj Bp pnBz kwn o M /SwA jo JB\A An oT nAjA qoU ,AoMBM ,jo AkQ nAoTwA j cw nj BTwBM B BTwn jB~TA RBT ]M jq Bo jkd pA pnBz M Mo nA v jMB KUAo vw nk nj B B{ /SwA Tn oUAo Bv Tv ,B{ /k{ {B A pA ,SB nj ,Unk o S{Aj nAo nAjA jo An BBMo Aq Bz] ,o{RBA A : S{Aj q jnB{oQ ko nBvM ji M M S{Aj BB BM As BkQ

1.OPG,p.19-24.

T Ba , joM B pA ov An B Bj Bn j xn 1/kjMBj pA Ak] ,B /Shv pA An poz B B kQ ,k{B ,Bw kM /jnC n pnBz jB~TA M SzpBM ji M ,ZnBiC pA k{ jMB B nj z AoM B wBw jB~TA ,BT]AkB (anax)u BC B B{ Tn B pA BM /kz kk\U q uQL q S{Aj nAo C tEn nj B{ BpBw nAjA BTwj ,k{BrA o pA u BC SwA ]U BB{ /Sn B pA AoMjAnAj So An C B] (basileus)t wBM k{ ZnBi BB wBwnB M BA BnqM pA o B M oTzM jM oT SA

27 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 26

Bpow BM nBMj BkQ /kAkB B pow ow pA ,j pA yQ Tz kw Svh jke nj ,Ao{ nj ,nBinj o{ C nj An ji ,BB ,A BQnA yhM nj k{ Tonj i M ,nBMj kQ A BA ,kjAj nAo FU jn C BM SLv,nBM A : jL BC pA kU B BkU C BM o o pA ,Bnj An ji SBA oUoM jM TB Swj AnBMj B C M B nj /jo oU ,kkB BoMoM BB B] BM y\w kQo~ qCnAowA Bj nj ko B{ B] M ,B BT]A RBeAn C jM k{ nAooM UBLwB ,jM nAjnioM jkdB Unk pA ,jiAk nj B T RBLwB C S{ow kAkAi wBw kT{Aj Bv w oMAoM jApC Ako{ T A nj /jM ,Ao{ a nj /kC nB{ M B nA pA o{ nAjA M Mo nABC wB BM yoC Si M Mo BBvA B] MM AzkA ,S{Aj kQ BAoBo M Mo BnwA B{ KwBU ,jBU BL oM B] jB jBM AoM z{ kC j]

1.OPG,p.7.

jke nj ,B joi yAp 1/jM B kjzU Aq]A B oMAoM zkA k{ omQBA Ao{ nj ,j pA yQ T Tz BkwoUAo SBj jkd pA TBnj AoBwA pA An ji SvAUnj a j cU kBM dU A nj AoM /k Ak] ,Sn,jM kwn ZA M ]U A Anj nj poz BM nBMj kQRBk ,wBw zkA k{ j BM , k{ ko o{ B BBQ

/kC Ao v nAmjBMjM To B\A B poz B Svv p B nj njAnAj Bv M SB BBw B{ o~ AoQ oM BT]A RBe

,B{ ,o~ jB~TA B nj /jM jB~TA nAjA ,B ,wBw ,j zq kjAj zU An As L AoMj nB o\B MBo jB~TA RBe ByhM ,B{ BwnpBM o~ AnAqnBBj ,RB] ioM pA /jAj BBw B Sj BM An BT]A SBBQ oM BSj C nj S{Aj o{ Bpow M TBL{ BAn RA nBMC M Mo nA jq nBi nj sM nBMC jB~TA SwA nB{C BA ,jAj BpBw ,jM UBe pnBz jB~TA AoM S{Aj jq nBi M SLv UBT S ,B nj Bp pnBz kwn o M /SwA jo JB\A An oT nAjA qoU ,AoMBM ,jo AkQ nAoTwA j cw nj BTwBM B BTwn jB~TA RBT ]M jq Bo jkd pA pnBz M Mo nA v jMB KUAo vw nk nj B B{ /SwA Tn oUAo Bv Tv ,B{ /k{ {B A pA ,SB nj ,Unk o S{Aj nAo nAjA jo An BBMo Aq Bz] ,o{RBA A : S{Aj q jnB{oQ ko nBvM ji M M S{Aj BB BM As BkQ

1.OPG,p.19-24.

T Ba , joM B pA ov An B Bj Bn j xn 1/kjMBj pA Ak] ,B /Shv pA An poz B B kQ ,k{B ,Bw kM /jnC n pnBz jB~TA M SzpBM ji M ,ZnBiC pA k{ jMB B nj z AoM B wBw jB~TA ,BT]AkB (anax)u BC B B{ Tn B pA BM /kz kk\U q uQL q S{Aj nAo C tEn nj B{ BpBw nAjA BTwj ,k{BrA o pA u BC SwA ]U BB{ /Sn B pA AoMjAnAj So An C B] (basileus)t wBM k{ ZnBi BB wBwnB M BA BnqM pA o B M oTzM jM oT SA

29 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 28

AB }h{ kT{Aj nAo BT]A KUAo vw nk nj Sn

1.OPG,p.31.

T{ ,oj nBM ,BB , kw BBQ nj 1/jM A Swj nj Rnk C o pA kjnC Swj M B pA oe To SnB BM AnAoMj nB~dA nj T{ o C nj k jB\A oj kU kTvAUBM /kC nB{ M B o pA zhM M ,jL B{ Ski nj RBe Th ] ,BT{ nBzTA nBT{ i k{ B

]U KB] T SwA C oM B nj zkA yAp nBMnj oB BTvo /2 B L B nj Aop ,jnAj p nBi BM We A pA B SwA nBUnj xoQ xpC ,Bw kM , kB j] M ,k{BM T{Aj ji nB~dA nj An yAj/jnB BT]A Bo RBL B TiA Ak] AoM Ap B Bo{ChristianMeier,DieEntstehungdesPolitischenbeidenGriechen,S.72.

B Tn B pA BM 2/So nAo B op nj q wBw BT]AnAo ok oMAoM nj k{ jApC BhT BT]A Bo ,Bnj M{CoQ nj A kjM jBU B BLj M ,kjM ToTvh k{ jAp wBw AzkA iA FU C pA S{Aj Q

/jM BvA Apo RnBMBT{ Boj xhTwj C Bo{ B Bj Anj njSvAU j BC kjM nBvM B{ BAoBo ,jMSwj M Rnk B ByhM pA nBvM nj /k{BM oa AoM nAqMAoM nr oYFU kTvAT AnBL] B{ BAoBo jBTA BjApnqMBRBU ,RBBT]A A nj knAmM B Bo{ wBw RBenqM AodM nj nj Te /jL oza Aka jAoA B BT]AjAnA kATM SB Swj Unk Ba M ]o _ BT]A jB~TABA An ji S Be dU B] oM Uk AoM An ji wBw AodM M ,jM jB~TA pBC nj ,AodM A kBP oj /kC nB jo Svw An jBTA jB{ ,AodM ,Bo{ nj ;k{ kLU iA

k{ nAkkQ wBw zkA pA ,AeA BA a nj /kz omQBA jM A ,pBC nj ,B wBw zkA s /SB xoTv [nkU M |Bi BRnk M SLv An ji TwA , j BzTwoQ ,C B/kT{Ak AoBo Aj ji q BzTwoQ A BB BA ,jo ejAoA BzTwoQ xow BM Bo{ A Th Bo B Bo{

1.ChristianMeier,Introductionl'anthropologiedel'antiquit,p.9-10.

1/kTiAjoQ qAn M ,kjM BC nB{ nj B BT BApo jL {n KLw M jM C oA A j> : kv oB BTvoAzkA B nj Rz e An kC p KA Rnk RBLwBAk y{ B Akjoi ,p A nj /j{ Tv] Bjo{ Swj M RBBA pA TiB{ Rz pA B C nqM Mo\U BA ;kjoM Rz e SwAi ,Akjoi A jq nj ,Bp S{m BM /kjnCq jB L] Swnj qAn M ;k{ kLU nqM TwAn pnC

2.Meier,op.cit.p.10-11.

pA o ,T kw jkPw nj An sophiaB Apo A 2

29 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 28

AB }h{ kT{Aj nAo BT]A KUAo vw nk nj Sn

1.OPG,p.31.

T{ ,oj nBM ,BB , kw BBQ nj 1/jM A Swj nj Rnk C o pA kjnC Swj M B pA oe To SnB BM AnAoMj nB~dA nj T{ o C nj k jB\A oj kU kTvAUBM /kC nB{ M B o pA zhM M ,jL B{ Ski nj RBe Th ] ,BT{ nBzTA nBT{ i k{ B

]U KB] T SwA C oM B nj zkA yAp nBMnj oB BTvo /2 B L B nj Aop ,jnAj p nBi BM We A pA B SwA nBUnj xoQ xpC ,Bw kM , kB j] M ,k{BM T{Aj ji nB~dA nj An yAj/jnB BT]A Bo RBL B TiA Ak] AoM Ap B Bo{ChristianMeier,DieEntstehungdesPolitischenbeidenGriechen,S.72.

B Tn B pA BM 2/So nAo B op nj q wBw BT]AnAo ok oMAoM nj k{ jApC BhT BT]A Bo ,Bnj M{CoQ nj A kjM jBU B BLj M ,kjM ToTvh k{ jAp wBw AzkA iA FU C pA S{Aj Q

/jM BvA Apo RnBMBT{ Boj xhTwj C Bo{ B Bj Anj njSvAU j BC kjM nBvM B{ BAoBo ,jMSwj M Rnk B ByhM pA nBvM nj /k{BM oa AoM nAqMAoM nr oYFU kTvAT AnBL] B{ BAoBo jBTA BjApnqMBRBU ,RBBT]A A nj knAmM B Bo{ wBw RBenqM AodM nj nj Te /jL oza Aka jAoA B BT]AjAnA kATM SB Swj Unk Ba M ]o _ BT]A jB~TABA An ji S Be dU B] oM Uk AoM An ji wBw AodM M ,jM jB~TA pBC nj ,AodM A kBP oj /kC nB jo Svw An jBTA jB{ ,AodM ,Bo{ nj ;k{ kLU iA

k{ nAkkQ wBw zkA pA ,AeA BA a nj /kz omQBA jM A ,pBC nj ,B wBw zkA s /SB xoTv [nkU M |Bi BRnk M SLv An ji TwA , j BzTwoQ ,C B/kT{Ak AoBo Aj ji q BzTwoQ A BB BA ,jo ejAoA BzTwoQ xow BM Bo{ A Th Bo B Bo{

1.ChristianMeier,Introductionl'anthropologiedel'antiquit,p.9-10.

1/kTiAjoQ qAn M ,kjM BC nB{ nj B BT BApo jL {n KLw M jM C oA A j> : kv oB BTvoAzkA B nj Rz e An kC p KA Rnk RBLwBAk y{ B Akjoi ,p A nj /j{ Tv] Bjo{ Swj M RBBA pA TiB{ Rz pA B C nqM Mo\U BA ;kjoM Rz e SwAi ,Akjoi A jq nj ,Bp S{m BM /kjnCq jB L] Swnj qAn M ;k{ kLU nqM TwAn pnC

2.Meier,op.cit.p.10-11.

pA o ,T kw jkPw nj An sophiaB Apo A 2

31 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 30

SwA ji Bv jAoA oM B C ,BX A M ,oUoM pA B{ oUoMnj BU oUoM A kpAjoQ ] M A kBo oLn M

1.OPG,p.36;cf.Aristote,Laconstitutiond'Athnes,III,2-4.

pA Svv ,UC nj 1/kTv z C M SwA ] B jkdkBo ,B{ nB nj ,pBC nj /kz B\A qCo A{ M B BjoLn pA B oLn ,Bw kM S{Aj nAo nAjow ]basileiaB B{ pA archB kBo ,uQ C pA /k{ Ak] wBwAo\ pA Bw o arch/k{ A wBw SB o o M Ak]WdM qTv JBhTA A k{ U wBw AoBo M An{ JBhTApA , k{ jkd LmwB Ao]A Mbasileia/jM UBk AjB\ Ao]A A BU M ,S{Ak A T~h{basileus}h{ ,uQ AA Swj nj Rnk B{ o B] M /jM Lm wB ioM k{ bo ok BM RBT s BT]A B o ,jMbo An B jBU M Mo z nBvM Bv BC B KUoU

2.OPG,p.37. 3.Jean-PierreVernant.MytheetpensechezlesGrecs,p.124.

hw A B 3jnAj nAo arch k{ T BkM 2/joBT]A B nj oMAoM jAoA B nBz WdM agoranj jM C,k{ TiBw B{ o~ jo oM o{ ,uQ A pA /kMB Bo] n Mnj S{Aj nAo oTz B B B agora o{ qo nj M/k{ T{Am qAn T M Sd~ M Mo Bv CoM kq pA An ji BvA o S jM nB~e AnAj o{ ,AagoraAk B jo oM o{ Bp pA /S{Aj ~ o{

4.OPG,p.43.

4/k{ kLUpolis M ,SB BBw SB JanBa A MpolisB o{ B M TiAjoQ pA yQ yAp Bp M Anm AnB{A kBM ,B zkA BB WdM

A pA Be BwB{BTwBM kk] BwnoM /M B Bo{ yAkQBAki BBzTwoQ ,w pA , k{ nAkkQ B nj Bp o{ SwAw pA , k{ kAn q Ao A {Be M BvA \U q Ao B pA B

1.FranoisdePolignac,Naissancedelacitgrecque,p.19-21.

,kk] wB{BTwBM BxB BQ oM 1/SB xoTv BAQ y ,ojxoTv BM (polis)o{ U> kAkwn \T A M AozsQ ioMA SwA jM Bq [o{ ]BnAj oM nj nqM BBzTwoQBBzTwoQ BM Bo{ pA nBvM nj ,SA nB{ o pA ,BBzTwoQM SLv kjoU ,Swj ,o\T A /kAjM vB MB o{ njkL A nB~dA SBe nj k jB\A o{ qoU BBwM o{ o BC A sM ,jM kC j] M (agropolis)o{ B]

2.Polignac,op.cit.34sq.OPG,p.44-6. 3.Polignac,op.cit.p.125-6.

M B Bo{ 2

31 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 30

SwA ji Bv jAoA oM B C ,BX A M ,oUoM pA B{ oUoMnj BU oUoM A kpAjoQ ] M A kBo oLn M

1.OPG,p.36;cf.Aristote,Laconstitutiond'Athnes,III,2-4.

pA Svv ,UC nj 1/kTv z C M SwA ] B jkdkBo ,B{ nB nj ,pBC nj /kz B\A qCo A{ M B BjoLn pA B oLn ,Bw kM S{Aj nAo nAjow ]basileiaB B{ pA archB kBo ,uQ C pA /k{ Ak] wBwAo\ pA Bw o arch/k{ A wBw SB o o M Ak]WdM qTv JBhTA A k{ U wBw AoBo M An{ JBhTApA , k{ jkd LmwB Ao]A Mbasileia/jM UBk AjB\ Ao]A A BU M ,S{Ak A T~h{basileus}h{ ,uQ AA Swj nj Rnk B{ o B] M /jM Lm wB ioM k{ bo ok BM RBT s BT]A B o ,jMbo An B jBU M Mo z nBvM Bv BC B KUoU

2.OPG,p.37. 3.Jean-PierreVernant.MytheetpensechezlesGrecs,p.124.

hw A B 3jnAj nAo arch k{ T BkM 2/joBT]A B nj oMAoM jAoA B nBz WdM agoranj jM C,k{ TiBw B{ o~ jo oM o{ ,uQ A pA /kMB Bo] n Mnj S{Aj nAo oTz B B B agora o{ qo nj M/k{ T{Am qAn T M Sd~ M Mo Bv CoM kq pA An ji BvA o S jM nB~e AnAj o{ ,AagoraAk B jo oM o{ Bp pA /S{Aj ~ o{

4.OPG,p.43.

4/k{ kLUpolis M ,SB BBw SB JanBa A MpolisB o{ B M TiAjoQ pA yQ yAp Bp M Anm AnB{A kBM ,B zkA BB WdM

A pA Be BwB{BTwBM kk] BwnoM /M B Bo{ yAkQBAki BBzTwoQ ,w pA , k{ nAkkQ B nj Bp o{ SwAw pA , k{ kAn q Ao A {Be M BvA \U q Ao B pA B

1.FranoisdePolignac,Naissancedelacitgrecque,p.19-21.

,kk] wB{BTwBM BxB BQ oM 1/SB xoTv BAQ y ,ojxoTv BM (polis)o{ U> kAkwn \T A M AozsQ ioMA SwA jM Bq [o{ ]BnAj oM nj nqM BBzTwoQBBzTwoQ BM Bo{ pA nBvM nj ,SA nB{ o pA ,BBzTwoQM SLv kjoU ,Swj ,o\T A /kAjM vB MB o{ njkL A nB~dA SBe nj k jB\A o{ qoU BBwM o{ o BC A sM ,jM kC j] M (agropolis)o{ B]

2.Polignac,op.cit.34sq.OPG,p.44-6. 3.Polignac,op.cit.p.125-6.

M B Bo{ 2

33 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 32

nAqMA oUpnBM logosB hw ,B nj /jM Rnk BA BnAqMA B{nj /kC nB{ M Aoj oM w kBo wBw Rnk M MBTwj BC M Mo Bjn BrA ,T{m kB ,hw ,B Bo{,hw A /jM nCBoM yUoQ T M ,jL Lm wBS] jM XeBL nAj e nj kL An Ak{ S]archo nj ,pBC nj aC /jo njB An B En ,B\Aow ,k{kM , jM kCnj nhw pe nj ,A ,S{Aj nAo AoBo Bj] UBU AMAn polis logosB B SwBw hw B ,Bw

1.OPG,p.45. 2.OPG,p.46.

jo AkQ SA wBw RBLwB nj nj o{ nj ,Svh ,hw 1/S{Aj]U B Bv BC BBvw ,MBi A ,Ao{ a nj ysQ M C BB kA nBMnj nBT hw M An ji

/kjo pBC B B Ak kC j] M ,o{ s jnAjA C nA qAn o{ BBw nBMnj C nj jM (agora)oTzM nAjA o{ ,k{ jB\A (espacepublic) B A Bp pA /k{AnAj B B B A k{ nAkkQ /k{ kLU wBw o{ B polisnj Sd~ M Mo yhM j] ,Svh : jM wBwA ] jBA BM MBU nj Ak nj nA Bo] ,oj ;~inA BM MBU,[nkU M ,wBw RBe k{ B BM /jCqn BM BC hC BU kjo AkQ B{C zAj BA ,BnBTn BM ,BT]A Bo BA ,ByAj nBzTA k{jo /jM basileusnB~dA nj BpB B{C ,Bp S{m BM ,BT]A RBe BBw M Mo BnBTn B SAo{A Swj nj C pA yQ SiBw An B o BM BM Ako{SoX A C k{ B iyAkQ BM 2/jM Lm

BU So nAo T{ BB kkBwn M B{C BBk o nj toTwj nj q BApo BT{ /k{ B C C pA BAoMj nB~dA pA B o \ So nAo B nAj M wBw BB Tvh kU SwA C oM n j Ar /kC oMAkMA ,TLA /SwA k{ omQBA B Bo{ nj nBT{ AkMA BLjB nj pA BB Aop ,kC nB{ M AkMA SvAU ,A nj ,nBT{C kAi M oiA BBw nj AkzAj kjM jo jBTwA i pAnj jM Tn B pA B B {BQo BM i A BA kAk{ B pA BB k{ C zB] BLA j pA yQ Tz kw BTw Rn M Bp C BU kA k{ K] nBT{ A /kjM ToRn M ,jo ovU ji En M u o ,jo AkQ BTA nAkBQBBp BU wBw B /jo nAo B toTwj nj j{ SLXU T{

1.JacquelinedeRomilly,Laloidanslapensegrecque,p.11.

nomosB rA 1/kCnj T{ Rn M k AkQ v\U SvAUBo pA {B wB BC BM AoM S{Aj j B pBC nj q

2.Romilly,op.cit.p.27. 3.Romilly,op.cit.p.13. 4.OPG,p.17.

wBw B nj B M BA 2,Sn nB M BC iA kA BAkiBoj BM ,\Q kw pBC z{ kw BBQ nj 3,k{ A CnB M B BM AoM rA A ,So Rn B o nj rA jo nomos joTv ZAn kB a k{ TowAoj AkQ BM ,j{ dU oM pA kA B M thesmosjB{ Aop ,jM Ako{ oMAoM o{ oj s 4/SwA jM BpomQBA oMAoM jAoA B nj q] jM nATwA (philia)Twj oM o{AMAn M An ji B] ,KUAo vw oM TL MAn ,o{ nj nj /SvC pA BB Ako{ pBC kB Bv /jAj MBT oMAoMA /k{ kLU (isoi)BC B oMAoM M kjo oLU homoioiM

33 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 32

nAqMA oUpnBM logosB hw ,B nj /jM Rnk BA BnAqMA B{nj /kC nB{ M Aoj oM w kBo wBw Rnk M MBTwj BC M Mo Bjn BrA ,T{m kB ,hw ,B Bo{,hw A /jM nCBoM yUoQ T M ,jL Lm wBS] jM XeBL nAj e nj kL An Ak{ S]archo nj ,pBC nj aC /jo njB An B En ,B\Aow ,k{kM , jM kCnj nhw pe nj ,A ,S{Aj nAo AoBo Bj] UBU AMAn polis logosB B SwBw hw B ,Bw

1.OPG,p.45. 2.OPG,p.46.

jo AkQ SA wBw RBLwB nj nj o{ nj ,Svh ,hw 1/S{Aj]U B Bv BC BBvw ,MBi A ,Ao{ a nj ysQ M C BB kA nBMnj nBT hw M An ji

/kjo pBC B B Ak kC j] M ,o{ s jnAjA C nA qAn o{ BBw nBMnj C nj jM (agora)oTzM nAjA o{ ,k{ jB\A (espacepublic) B A Bp pA /k{AnAj B B B A k{ nAkkQ /k{ kLU wBw o{ B polisnj Sd~ M Mo yhM j] ,Svh : jM wBwA ] jBA BM MBU nj Ak nj nA Bo] ,oj ;~inA BM MBU,[nkU M ,wBw RBe k{ B BM /jCqn BM BC hC BU kjo AkQ B{C zAj BA ,BnBTn BM ,BT]A Bo BA ,ByAj nBzTA k{jo /jM basileusnB~dA nj BpB B{C ,Bp S{m BM ,BT]A RBe BBw M Mo BnBTn B SAo{A Swj nj C pA yQ SiBw An B o BM BM Ako{SoX A C k{ B iyAkQ BM 2/jM Lm

BU So nAo T{ BB kkBwn M B{C BBk o nj toTwj nj q BApo BT{ /k{ B C C pA BAoMj nB~dA pA B o \ So nAo B nAj M wBw BB Tvh kU SwA C oM n j Ar /kC oMAkMA ,TLA /SwA k{ omQBA B Bo{ nj nBT{ AkMA BLjB nj pA BB Aop ,kC nB{ M AkMA SvAU ,A nj ,nBT{C kAi M oiA BBw nj AkzAj kjM jo jBTwA i pAnj jM Tn B pA B B {BQo BM i A BA kAk{ B pA BB k{ C zB] BLA j pA yQ Tz kw BTw Rn M Bp C BU kA k{ K] nBT{ A /kjM ToRn M ,jo ovU ji En M u o ,jo AkQ BTA nAkBQBBp BU wBw B /jo nAo B toTwj nj j{ SLXU T{

1.JacquelinedeRomilly,Laloidanslapensegrecque,p.11.

nomosB rA 1/kCnj T{ Rn M k AkQ v\U SvAUBo pA {B wB BC BM AoM S{Aj j B pBC nj q

2.Romilly,op.cit.p.27. 3.Romilly,op.cit.p.13. 4.OPG,p.17.

wBw B nj B M BA 2,Sn nB M BC iA kA BAkiBoj BM ,\Q kw pBC z{ kw BBQ nj 3,k{ A CnB M B BM AoM rA A ,So Rn B o nj rA jo nomos joTv ZAn kB a k{ TowAoj AkQ BM ,j{ dU oM pA kA B M thesmosjB{ Aop ,jM Ako{ oMAoM o{ oj s 4/SwA jM BpomQBA oMAoM jAoA B nj q] jM nATwA (philia)Twj oM o{AMAn M An ji B] ,KUAo vw oM TL MAn ,o{ nj nj /SvC pA BB Ako{ pBC kB Bv /jAj MBT oMAoMA /k{ kLU (isoi)BC B oMAoM M kjo oLU homoioiM

35 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 34

o nj An ji ,kT{Aj BT]A kp nj TiA nM ,Ako{nj nj k{ zB] BkeA> a ,BC /kTvAj oMAoM wBw

1.OPG,p.46. 2.OPG,p.63.

A ,z{ kw nj 1/jM kjM Bkj pA ,oiA BysQ BjnBTwj hnBU BAo] Bs oMAoM BBw BTwBi SwA C oM ,

35 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 34

o nj An ji ,kT{Aj BT]A kp nj TiA nM ,Ako{nj nj k{ zB] BkeA> a ,BC /kTvAj oMAoM wBw

1.OPG,p.46. 2.OPG,p.63.

A ,z{ kw nj 1/jM kjM Bkj pA ,oiA BysQ BjnBTwj hnBU BAo] Bs oMAoM BBw BTwBi SwA C oM ,

37 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 36

1.ChristianMeier,Introductionl'athropologiepolitique,p.33.

1/jM Rnk RBLwB nAjA njBpow BM kQ kk\U BLj M ,z{ kw T kw BBQ njMAn C BM BB ,B AoBo w Bp pA , nBinr RAoYA jM jB~TA ,pBC nj ,AodM A /k{ pBC AodM ,kjM jo,Bw kM , S{Am BB BT]A kp ] oMioM nj wBwA UBeA M w kB LbA Ajo nB M BBTwBioM wT L pA ji , w /kjp Swj UC sM Bo{ pAAo AkUoY B jBU jo pBwpBM A M An UC o{ ,jM BnBU M kzhM BBQ S] nj z{ SAk /j{ nAooMB jM jBT BT]A Bo B jBU jB\A BT]A ByU

2.OPG,p.83.

SAk kT{Aj jBTA BB 2/kC nB{ M BBwji L o{ Ak agoranj jnC p M BwC pA w An jBUjk oMAoM o B M ,BB o nj ,SAk A /SwA jAj nAoB KUAo oM TL oMAoM ,kAkB BB aC ;jL, w RBeA BLj M /SwA C wBwA jM RB]njoMAoM SAk C MB S{Aj j] }hz B

3.OPG,p.90;Jean-PierreVernant,Mytheetpense,p.238-260;PierreLevque,

PierreVidal-Naquet,Clisthnel'Athnien.

3/BAnAj AA nj RABv jM B oMAoM nj oMAoM,UC Bji AoBo kwn Rnk M pA uQ Bw B\Q ,RBeA k{ To Q ,UC AobA pA ,u T v w pA ,uUAoT v v Q

,jo jB\A UC nj uTv BjB nAoTwA BkCQ nBMnj Rjo /4BBji AoBo kM pA Bp ,jM ko q C pA yQ UC> : kvnBMnj oj B] nj AHrodote,Histoire,V,66.

37 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 36

1.ChristianMeier,Introductionl'athropologiepolitique,p.33.

1/jM Rnk RBLwB nAjA njBpow BM kQ kk\U BLj M ,z{ kw T kw BBQ njMAn C BM BB ,B AoBo w Bp pA , nBinr RAoYA jM jB~TA ,pBC nj ,AodM A /k{ pBC AodM ,kjM jo,Bw kM , S{Am BB BT]A kp ] oMioM nj wBwA UBeA M w kB LbA Ajo nB M BBTwBioM wT L pA ji , w /kjp Swj UC sM Bo{ pAAo AkUoY B jBU jo pBwpBM A M An UC o{ ,jM BnBU M kzhM BBQ S] nj z{ SAk /j{ nAooMB jM jBT BT]A Bo B jBU jB\A BT]A ByU

2.OPG,p.83.

SAk kT{Aj jBTA BB 2/kC nB{ M BBwji L o{ Ak agoranj jnC p M BwC pA w An jBUjk oMAoM o B M ,BB o nj ,SAk A /SwA jAj nAoB KUAo oM TL oMAoM ,kAkB BB aC ;jL, w RBeA BLj M /SwA C wBwA jM RB]njoMAoM SAk C MB S{Aj j] }hz B

3.OPG,p.90;Jean-PierreVernant,Mytheetpense,p.238-260;PierreLevque,

PierreVidal-Naquet,Clisthnel'Athnien.

3/BAnAj AA nj RABv jM B oMAoM nj oMAoM,UC Bji AoBo kwn Rnk M pA uQ Bw B\Q ,RBeA k{ To Q ,UC AobA pA ,u T v w pA ,uUAoT v v Q

,jo jB\A UC nj uTv BjB nAoTwA BkCQ nBMnj Rjo /4BBji AoBo kM pA Bp ,jM ko q C pA yQ UC> : kvnBMnj oj B] nj AHrodote,Histoire,V,66.

39 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 38

B~ kAj ji B{> : S tBw jo M JBi ,tnkBB BU SwA kC yQ ,poA , k{ joPw M tUAoQ RnkB\A pA jo Ai y{ ,ATM B] BU , BA , AoBo B{ oMBM Aop , nAjji ,To joi Aoj oM ji aCA BM Bjo oM Bji AoBo A M Bp C ,tUAoQ,k a o A ,oj }h{ _ jL A ,kAn Bo ,kjM oMAoMB nAm B nj An Rnk BA ,S{Aj kAh ji BM Ao SBn

1.Hrodote,Histoire,III,124.

1/ nAooM oMAoM B{pA BvgnBU U BM ,tnkBB BMp pA Rjo xnAqS{ow /jnAj SMB B Bo{ Te B BjB BojS{ow BM jBM pA ,SwA kM oM BAki oa B ,Bji Rnk/SwA RBT oMAoM jApC Ako{ B RBLwB B M ,wBw RnkoMAoM qTv ,k B]A nj Rjo aC oM BM ,wBw RnkS Be TomQ Ao\ pA q] ,oA A SwA B oMAoM nj Ako{M ]U BM /Sv omQBA ,jnAj nAo Unk ,jo SAoQ WdM Tvh ,B zkA ,wBw SA pA TBnj apA /jo pBC AoBo B w B{ nBMnj An wBw zkA AjoQ jBM qBU oM U BM q] SwA B q WdM A ,We AMAn C RBAqA BM jo S Be B ,o nj ,BBAn WdM A ~U /j{ bo SvAU ,kjo jnA kM BAkiwnBQ BjApnqM pA U w BMp pA ,w JBT B nj ,Rjo ,SvhpA AoBo B{ pA pA Bj nj BC pA o jnC: kv Rjo /SwA jAj c]oU C AA oj oM An Te B,S{m pn [Q kMAi xn{ [nj BjoM T pA uQ] BC>

Bhw kTiAjoQ qAn M BA nBMnj ,kjM kn{ B oM Bvk{ T A M Bhw C BA /knAk nBM BB pA ioM k{ T

1.Hrodote,op.cit.III,80.

BBkj S hw jM wnBQ jApnqM Tvh u BUA 1 /SwA ji BnB v v o j{,uQ A pA , AC oM ," : S A /k nAm A BwnBQ M An nA nB A Aop ,kAoM Bo B{ oM B{jBQ A M kAU U ke a M ]L BiBTv no kkj A M B{ /BLp SwAa ,B{jBQ B /kjo Mo\U q An C BiBTv no kwn,jAj uQ JBve pA AoQ _M Be nj ,k{BM BBvM B kAUa q B] jo oTM o A Te ?kj B\A kAhM aC kAU Bn /j{ ZnBi ji kp jB An pA kAU ,k{BM T{Aj UnkkAi j] M An AAno iBTv A nj ,joM oM C pA jo AA B{jBQ /SwA o oA BBp BvA jq nj RjBve jnC: S{Aj kAi ji nj q An v]kM o ,k{BM T{Aj An K j

39 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 38

B~ kAj ji B{> : S tBw jo M JBi ,tnkBB BU SwA kC yQ ,poA , k{ joPw M tUAoQ RnkB\A pA jo Ai y{ ,ATM B] BU , BA , AoBo B{ oMBM Aop , nAjji ,To joi Aoj oM ji aCA BM Bjo oM Bji AoBo A M Bp C ,tUAoQ,k a o A ,oj }h{ _ jL A ,kAn Bo ,kjM oMAoMB nAm B nj An Rnk BA ,S{Aj kAh ji BM Ao SBn

1.Hrodote,Histoire,III,124.

1/ nAooM oMAoM B{pA BvgnBU U BM ,tnkBB BMp pA Rjo xnAqS{ow /jnAj SMB B Bo{ Te B BjB BojS{ow BM jBM pA ,SwA kM oM BAki oa B ,Bji Rnk/SwA RBT oMAoM jApC Ako{ B RBLwB B M ,wBw RnkoMAoM qTv ,k B]A nj Rjo aC oM BM ,wBw RnkS Be TomQ Ao\ pA q] ,oA A SwA B oMAoM nj Ako{M ]U BM /Sv omQBA ,jnAj nAo Unk ,jo SAoQ WdM Tvh ,B zkA ,wBw SA pA TBnj apA /jo pBC AoBo B w B{ nBMnj An wBw zkA AjoQ jBM qBU oM U BM q] SwA B q WdM A ,We AMAn C RBAqA BM jo S Be B ,o nj ,BBAn WdM A ~U /j{ bo SvAU ,kjo jnA kM BAkiwnBQ BjApnqM pA U w BMp pA ,w JBT B nj ,Rjo ,SvhpA AoBo B{ pA pA Bj nj BC pA o jnC: kv Rjo /SwA jAj c]oU C AA oj oM An Te B,S{m pn [Q kMAi xn{ [nj BjoM T pA uQ] BC>

Bhw kTiAjoQ qAn M BA nBMnj ,kjM kn{ B oM Bvk{ T A M Bhw C BA /knAk nBM BB pA ioM k{ T

1.Hrodote,op.cit.III,80.

BBkj S hw jM wnBQ jApnqM Tvh u BUA 1 /SwA ji BnB v v o j{,uQ A pA , AC oM ," : S A /k nAm A BwnBQ M An nA nB A Aop ,kAoM Bo B{ oM B{jBQ A M kAU U ke a M ]L BiBTv no kkj A M B{ /BLp SwAa ,B{jBQ B /kjo Mo\U q An C BiBTv no kwn,jAj uQ JBve pA AoQ _M Be nj ,k{BM BBvM B kAUa q B] jo oTM o A Te ?kj B\A kAhM aC kAU Bn /j{ ZnBi ji kp jB An pA kAU ,k{BM T{Aj UnkkAi j] M An AAno iBTv A nj ,joM oM C pA jo AA B{jBQ /SwA o oA BBp BvA jq nj RjBve jnC: S{Aj kAi ji nj q An v]kM o ,k{BM T{Aj An K j

41 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 40

AnB qM BA M ,ji { jo oQ pA uQ ,A k{ kAi WBM ,noAoBo ,Se nj /jo kAi a q RjBve ;kp Swj nAAjnj An qa A Aop ,k{BM oM RjBve pA kBM Aoj pA yM BjioM A : SwA A i , M ,Ako{ oMAoM nj A nBTn BA ,jnAj nBTiAkve ,kAkp koM ow M B] A nj Bp BU ,Bjo oTMBSU TomQ nj k nBTn Mi M Bjo oUkM BM A ;jpnAkTA ke nj An A o A : Sv A pA oUAjohMB oA _ /jnAj Twj qU o A ,k U oTzM SwAi kAi B{ pA ,k yBTwA /jo kAi ypow ,SvQ wQBa A M An B{ A ,kM,k oj An AnkQ JAjC A : SwA oUSAoQ S Ai LSe ,uoM /kz wnjAjM An jo k SoeT Bp pA{ A nj /SwA oMAoM B j{ kB BB oTM M jo/j{ jAj B\A ,kj B\A B{jBQ BnB pA _ ,AoBov ,Rnk BLeB ,kC Swj M o BM Tj KB ,B A nj AC oM ,uQ /j{ nAm A B M BqAn kTv ji BnBpA qa Aop ,BwoM Rnk M An jo {Qza B{jBQ pA

1.Hrodote,op.cit.III,80-1.

1 /Sv kA nB{ A BM q] BnBnBMnj uBUA aC" : S A /j{ T{Am AkUoY pA o nBTiASwAi A B]C BA ,SwA B q En BM S BjiLA pA oUfBTv Aop ,k{ nj nBM oTM pA ,k nAm A jo M An RnkpA BU Sv nAAqw ] _ M Twnj M /jnAk j] o~M jo,Bji /TM ThvB jo Aj nj nAo ABji iBTvA pA Te ,jo LA BA ,kj B\A C M yAj BM ,kj B\A nB o Anj ,k{BM omQBA kAU a ,oA A ,A nj /SwA oM q yAj,BC ,kAjoM Q oi oA M kj {pC ,jo LA Be jnm B] o pA ,AzkA _M ,B nj ABijn aAn jo Se ,kABwnBQ AikM BC ,uQ /k oj An qa JBhTA Bjo oTM B pA o B BA ,k k BC MBC nB{ nj ji B M Aop ,nAm BC nBTiA nj An RnkAn B~U oTM Bjo oTM kC o M Swnj jM Ai

1.Hrodote,op.cit.III,81-82.

B AnAjA pA ,xnAj 1

41 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 40

AnB qM BA M ,ji { jo oQ pA uQ ,A k{ kAi WBM ,noAoBo ,Se nj /jo kAi a q RjBve ;kp Swj nAAjnj An qa A Aop ,k{BM oM RjBve pA kBM Aoj pA yM BjioM A : SwA A i , M ,Ako{ oMAoM nj A nBTn BA ,jnAj nBTiAkve ,kAkp koM ow M B] A nj Bp BU ,Bjo oTMBSU TomQ nj k nBTn Mi M Bjo oUkM BM A ;jpnAkTA ke nj An A o A : Sv A pA oUAjohMB oA _ /jnAj Twj qU o A ,k U oTzM SwAi kAi B{ pA ,k yBTwA /jo kAi ypow ,SvQ wQBa A M An B{ A ,kM,k oj An AnkQ JAjC A : SwA oUSAoQ S Ai LSe ,uoM /kz wnjAjM An jo k SoeT Bp pA{ A nj /SwA oMAoM B j{ kB BB oTM M jo/j{ jAj B\A ,kj B\A B{jBQ BnB pA _ ,AoBov ,Rnk BLeB ,kC Swj M o BM Tj KB ,B A nj AC oM ,uQ /j{ nAm A B M BqAn kTv ji BnBpA qa Aop ,BwoM Rnk M An jo {Qza B{jBQ pA

1.Hrodote,op.cit.III,80-1.

1 /Sv kA nB{ A BM q] BnBnBMnj uBUA aC" : S A /j{ T{Am AkUoY pA o nBTiASwAi A B]C BA ,SwA B q En BM S BjiLA pA oUfBTv Aop ,k{ nj nBM oTM pA ,k nAm A jo M An RnkpA BU Sv nAAqw ] _ M Twnj M /jnAk j] o~M jo,Bji /TM ThvB jo Aj nj nAo ABji iBTvA pA Te ,jo LA BA ,kj B\A C M yAj BM ,kj B\A nB o Anj ,k{BM omQBA kAU a ,oA A ,A nj /SwA oM q yAj,BC ,kAjoM Q oi oA M kj {pC ,jo LA Be jnm B] o pA ,AzkA _M ,B nj ABijn aAn jo Se ,kABwnBQ AikM BC ,uQ /k oj An qa JBhTA Bjo oTM B pA o B BA ,k k BC MBC nB{ nj ji B M Aop ,nAm BC nBTiA nj An RnkAn B~U oTM Bjo oTM kC o M Swnj jM Ai

1.Hrodote,op.cit.III,81-82.

B AnAjA pA ,xnAj 1

43 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 42

Swj M An ji jApC ao A kAi BwnBQ pA ,SwA jo xnAqkwn VnA M BC M BzQ pA An BB BA ,kATBpBM U An ji o ,xnAj ,BC w> /k{BM BC MBU k oj ,SwA,S jo AoBo nBMnj qMB aC , o M" : jo BM acd ,S AkUoY Te B nBMnj A aC BA ,SwA Swnjw C Ao M ,jnAj nAo B oMAoM nj AoBo { w pA /Sv{nBA ,wAoj oTM wAoj [],k{BM B oTMnBvM pA SwA C oM En ,n q B{jBQ {nBA oTM_ ,k{BM Bjo oTM U o A /jnAj oUoM B{jBQ B ,RB]BB{ BzkA B{jBQ /k{BM oUoM A Se pA kAU Tej] BM /k{BM T{Aj jo oM zpow pA nj M now kAU ,jnAjnj /kB k{Q ] oTM M B{j M Mo B~U ,B{jBQAn nj An ji ko{ Bo nBvM Ajo B nj ,{nBAB\{BioQ B{j ,RjB Kve oM ,ko nB M B Sd~En k] oUoM oj oM kAi u o Aop ,j{ oB ~h{pA : k] nAqM ok pA ,BC ,AoMBM , ,kBzM wo oM An jiM BzjC BzjC ,TiA pA ,j{ jAp TiA B{j{ A kj Bz oA A j{ o\ B{jBQ SeSwj nj Rnk BC ,uoM /SwBB oTM ke a BU AoBo kQ BC kMB xoTv ,nBaB ,oM kQ ,SwA jo ,oM kQ Bjo B ,kMB xoTv B nA o nj oMBnB M BC Aop ,kC j] M B\{BioQ BTwj ,{jBU A /kj B\A ji B U BM An nB A ,kp Swj kQ/kzhM BBQ Bxn{ A M jo pA SBe M jo jnAj AjA BpTo nAo yBTw jn ,A k yBTw An jo A jo ,AoMBMk SMBY q A jn ,Bw kM /j{ kqoM B{jBQ M ,SwA

o A /k{BM T{Aj j] kAU SwA B oTM ,B{jBQ B B AoM jApC [woQ], i nj An hw AhM?B{jBQ B {nBA ,jo ?SwA jAj jApC B M v a ?kC B\ pA,ATBpBM An ji jApC ,jo M a AC oM ,uQpA kBpBM BB ,A oM qA e An U Se

1.Hrodote,op.cit.III,82-83.

1

43 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 42

Swj M An ji jApC ao A kAi BwnBQ pA ,SwA jo xnAqkwn VnA M BC M BzQ pA An BB BA ,kATBpBM U An ji o ,xnAj ,BC w> /k{BM BC MBU k oj ,SwA,S jo AoBo nBMnj qMB aC , o M" : jo BM acd ,S AkUoY Te B nBMnj A aC BA ,SwA Swnjw C Ao M ,jnAj nAo B oMAoM nj AoBo { w pA /Sv{nBA ,wAoj oTM wAoj [],k{BM B oTMnBvM pA SwA C oM En ,n q B{jBQ {nBA oTM_ ,k{BM Bjo oTM U o A /jnAj oUoM B{jBQ B ,RB]BB{ BzkA B{jBQ /k{BM oUoM A Se pA kAU Tej] BM /k{BM T{Aj jo oM zpow pA nj M now kAU ,jnAjnj /kB k{Q ] oTM M B{j M Mo B~U ,B{jBQAn nj An ji ko{ Bo nBvM Ajo B nj ,{nBAB\{BioQ B{j ,RjB Kve oM ,ko nB M B Sd~En k] oUoM oj oM kAi u o Aop ,j{ oB ~h{pA : k] nAqM ok pA ,BC ,AoMBM , ,kBzM wo oM An jiM BzjC BzjC ,TiA pA ,j{ jAp TiA B{j{ A kj Bz oA A j{ o\ B{jBQ SeSwj nj Rnk BC ,uoM /SwBB oTM ke a BU AoBo kQ BC kMB xoTv ,nBaB ,oM kQ ,SwA jo ,oM kQ Bjo B ,kMB xoTv B nA o nj oMBnB M BC Aop ,kC j] M B\{BioQ BTwj ,{jBU A /kj B\A ji B U BM An nB A ,kp Swj kQ/kzhM BBQ Bxn{ A M jo pA SBe M jo jnAj AjA BpTo nAo yBTw jn ,A k yBTw An jo A jo ,AoMBMk SMBY q A jn ,Bw kM /j{ kqoM B{jBQ M ,SwA

o A /k{BM T{Aj j] kAU SwA B oTM ,B{jBQ B B AoM jApC [woQ], i nj An hw AhM?B{jBQ B {nBA ,jo ?SwA jAj jApC B M v a ?kC B\ pA,ATBpBM An ji jApC ,jo M a AC oM ,uQpA kBpBM BB ,A oM qA e An U Se

1.Hrodote,op.cit.III,82-83.

1

45 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 44

Akpo p oM Akik a jABi nkQ kC nB{ M : S o{ jo M JBi wBwoM An BnB o{ nAjA A k{ z ji BnB M

1.Aristote,op.cit.XV,5. 2.Aristote,op.cit.XXII,1.

nj Tn nB M BnB{A ,j{ kBz Ba 1 /jo jnA UC An{ B nj UBeAM /jM jo M ,jM jo nAooM w B pA oTzM [UC]AoBo jM k{ oT M w BB Bji oYA oM TwAnzkA nj 2 : S A /j{ oj jBM pA B B CBnj nj Bjo ,jBTvA kAi BwC pAo oM p Sn kAi o pAop ,k kp BvA jAoA B]C ,BB jo kAi Bi,kTv Bji B jo nAooM Be nj !Bk BA ,B{

1.Hrodote,op.cit.V,92. 2.Plutarque,Thse,24,1-2.

pA Ao 1 : SwA jo AkQ AkU B nqMjnC jo o{ nj An UC BTwA BA ,A : jp Swj qAS{ nqMM BC ,Bp C BU ,A nj /jo jB\A keA AoM o{ ,C pA Sd~ BM oA AoM BC kAiAo kjo kp k AoQ SBe kjoM ow M TiA nj BC q B /jL BwC ,S{Aj kQ Bow AjABi kj o M ,tvU ,Bw kM /kjM joL nj ok BMM jp M BAM jo B /jpBw B ji bo BM An BC BU jp,jAj k B{ kM Te , BnqM M ,A /kT gwBQ A Ak ] nAjow A ji ,C nj wAoj B An{ SeB ,oMAoM n M ,e ,nA oj nj jM kAi BB BLpA oj ioM kk{ B BnqM A pA ioM /k{ kAi vU BBM BU kk{ vU A M ,kjM toU nj tvU q BM S{ow jBp RnkTvh hnBU dU pA B]A ,k{ jnC aC 2

45 wBw zkA yAp AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 44

Akpo p oM Akik a jABi nkQ kC nB{ M : S o{ jo M JBi wBwoM An BnB o{ nAjA A k{ z ji BnB M

1.Aristote,op.cit.XV,5. 2.Aristote,op.cit.XXII,1.

nj Tn nB M BnB{A ,j{ kBz Ba 1 /jo jnA UC An{ B nj UBeAM /jM jo M ,jM jo nAooM w B pA oTzM [UC]AoBo jM k{ oT M w BB Bji oYA oM TwAnzkA nj 2 : S A /j{ oj jBM pA B B CBnj nj Bjo ,jBTvA kAi BwC pAo oM p Sn kAi o pAop ,k kp BvA jAoA B]C ,BB jo kAi Bi,kTv Bji B jo nAooM Be nj !Bk BA ,B{

1.Hrodote,op.cit.V,92. 2.Plutarque,Thse,24,1-2.

pA Ao 1 : SwA jo AkQ AkU B nqMjnC jo o{ nj An UC BTwA BA ,A : jp Swj qAS{ nqMM BC ,Bp C BU ,A nj /jo jB\A keA AoM o{ ,C pA Sd~ BM oA AoM BC kAiAo kjo kp k AoQ SBe kjoM ow M TiA nj BC q B /jL BwC ,S{Aj kQ Bow AjABi kj o M ,tvU ,Bw kM /kjM joL nj ok BMM jp M BAM jo B /jpBw B ji bo BM An BC BU jp,jAj k B{ kM Te , BnqM M ,A /kT gwBQ A Ak ] nAjow A ji ,C nj wAoj B An{ SeB ,oMAoM n M ,e ,nA oj nj jM kAi BB BLpA oj ioM kk{ B BnqM A pA ioM /k{ kAi vU BBM BU kk{ vU A M ,kjM toU nj tvU q BM S{ow jBp RnkTvh hnBU dU pA B]A ,k{ jnC aC 2

AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 46

RdU A BLj M /jM wBw zkA gnBU Bkj pA B Bo{FU jn An B wBw RBe ] pA ioM B Bv Tvhnj wBw zkA jB{ ,Bv A wBw zkA ao A kjAj nAonj / o o nBM A nj WdM pA kBM nBaB ,SwA SA kB AoAiA A wBw BT{ ,k n M ,wA nj pBCnAo nj A v toTwj nj k{ ]oU Mo BMp M wnAwBw zkA pA ,~U kA BM ,kC ~ j nj ,j M So

/S Ai hw wnA A

AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 46

RdU A BLj M /jM wBw zkA gnBU Bkj pA B Bo{FU jn An B wBw RBe ] pA ioM B Bv Tvhnj wBw zkA jB{ ,Bv A wBw zkA ao A kjAj nAonj / o o nBM A nj WdM pA kBM nBaB ,SwA SA kB AoAiA A wBw BT{ ,k n M ,wA nj pBCnAo nj A v toTwj nj k{ ]oU Mo BMp M wnAwBw zkA pA ,~U kA BM ,kC ~ j nj ,j M So

/S Ai hw wnA A

AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 48

j ~

wBw v nAmjBM A

C A{ UC nj sM B Bo{ nj wAoj B An{ BwAoj C pA yQ ,BB> /jM BTwBM Bj BAoBo B njM ,oB BTvo Ba Aop ,

AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 48

j ~

wBw v nAmjBM A

C A{ UC nj sM B Bo{ nj wAoj B An{ BwAoj C pA yQ ,BB> /jM BTwBM Bj BAoBo B njM ,oB BTvo Ba Aop ,

51 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 50

{ ,SwA jo UC AoBo pA ugnBU B Ba LA> pA S Be k{ kB We A pA UC AoBoB BTiA nj q C uoQ /jM A q o{ nA nAjA nj

51 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 50

{ ,SwA jo UC AoBo pA ugnBU B Ba LA> pA S Be k{ kB We A pA UC AoBoB BTiA nj q C uoQ /jM A q o{ nA nAjA nj

53 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 52

Bo nj nAkBQ JB RAoYA jo AkQ AjA \Q kwnj ,vQQB]gnBU nj ,tkjU /S{Am B Bo{ RBeBAki /// ]> kv C BkCQ ] pA B MBpnA Bp oM An jo LA Bt Aj SwA B\{BioQ B{ BM

1.GP,III,lxxxii,2. 2.GP,II,liii,1-2.

pA zhM jM B ] BkCQ oU pA 1/ : kv nAjo A nBM A BkCQ M AnB{A nj ,jo ,A /jM AkAq iA BBBvMB zaow o{ njBoj : kjM fBTvShw ,k{ B\A BQ nj T{m nj aC Mkjo ,B B M ,BT KeBAka ,k{ kj pAkA pA yM B B/kkwn B B M ,kT{Ak BvM nj C poj BU BTwjU BLj M ,kkj Ap xhTwj An yi AnAj ji q B]B B] o pA ,C BnAqMA BMBT{ ]B /// kjM ]B BRm kAki pA toU /So An kjw BLp B] ,kC Ao

2 ,nj A nj kv;woU JB Apo ;o~Svw nAjTzi BM EU qe ;jiT Ba jCJBT{ qo By ;Th B BnB nj k{kC nB{ M BQqo AoM ABM a k\w BqAn Ajo/BAM kw hw ,S{Aj j] vU AoM nAqMA ///,kjo MBpnA An BU nBLTAM oMBve BM AkAU ,TwQ

1.GP,III,lxxxiii,2.

nj 1/kk{ ji B e nj ,kj Zoi M jBTA C pA oTzMko{ RBLwB nj BxpnA MBpnA BBvw ,AeA BA aB AodM M o BWdM BM ji M M q BC BA ,kjo pBC AnA M y A nj ,A A BLj M Aow /kjp Aj B wBw BT]A ,iA RBe Bj nj AodM MBX M An C ,AodMnAmjBM BM q] AodM A pA Zoi kjM C oM kk wBwomQBA ,k bo C ] nj An AodM Bnr kATM AzkAWdM nBMnj ,tAnBUoQBwn nj ,A /k{ kAh kv ,Aow M JBi Bvw A pA M ,BBvwq oMkU nj kBM u o ,SwA Apo BxpC > nBT nj ] oTM nj k SwBw oMkU AU ,jo nB M jiU ,{BM k Swnj o A> : kwoQ Aow gwBQ nj ,A /

53 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 52

Bo nj nAkBQ JB RAoYA jo AkQ AjA \Q kwnj ,vQQB]gnBU nj ,tkjU /S{Am B Bo{ RBeBAki /// ]> kv C BkCQ ] pA B MBpnA Bp oM An jo LA Bt Aj SwA B\{BioQ B{ BM

1.GP,III,lxxxii,2. 2.GP,II,liii,1-2.

pA zhM jM B ] BkCQ oU pA 1/ : kv nAjo A nBM A BkCQ M AnB{A nj ,jo ,A /jM AkAq iA BBBvMB zaow o{ njBoj : kjM fBTvShw ,k{ B\A BQ nj T{m nj aC Mkjo ,B B M ,BT KeBAka ,k{ kj pAkA pA yM B B/kkwn B B M ,kT{Ak BvM nj C poj BU BTwjU BLj M ,kkj Ap xhTwj An yi AnAj ji q B]B B] o pA ,C BnAqMA BMBT{ ]B /// kjM ]B BRm kAki pA toU /So An kjw BLp B] ,kC Ao

2 ,nj A nj kv;woU JB Apo ;o~Svw nAjTzi BM EU qe ;jiT Ba jCJBT{ qo By ;Th B BnB nj k{kC nB{ M BQqo AoM ABM a k\w BqAn Ajo/BAM kw hw ,S{Aj j] vU AoM nAqMA ///,kjo MBpnA An BU nBLTAM oMBve BM AkAU ,TwQ

1.GP,III,lxxxiii,2.

nj 1/kk{ ji B e nj ,kj Zoi M jBTA C pA oTzMko{ RBLwB nj BxpnA MBpnA BBvw ,AeA BA aB AodM M o BWdM BM ji M M q BC BA ,kjo pBC AnA M y A nj ,A A BLj M Aow /kjp Aj B wBw BT]A ,iA RBe Bj nj AodM MBX M An C ,AodMnAmjBM BM q] AodM A pA Zoi kjM C oM kk wBwomQBA ,k bo C ] nj An AodM Bnr kATM AzkAWdM nBMnj ,tAnBUoQBwn nj ,A /k{ kAh kv ,Aow M JBi Bvw A pA M ,BBvwq oMkU nj kBM u o ,SwA Apo BxpC > nBT nj ] oTM nj k SwBw oMkU AU ,jo nB M jiU ,{BM k Swnj o A> : kwoQ Aow gwBQ nj ,A /

55 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 54

1.Platon,Protagoras,319a.

1 kj gwBQBM pBC Aow BM jM q BT SwBw ao A,qBT yAj j WdM bo { A jnBTwj BA ,k{ kU AB Bo{ nj wAoj wBwA jnCo j A M ,MBi SwBwAU A BT{ pA Ba /k{ kU UC nj sM jMSAk ,Se nBMnj An BywoQ , Bkj pA ,BBvw ,SBnjB nBMnj ji BBwn nj A kjo bo So nj /jo FU ,jM jo nAmjBM C yAj Bkj pA BywoQ nj An BB Ako{ kp BywoQ BBvw AnjjB BM ,A ,A BLj M , Aow ,kjAj nAo wnoM jnBC o BL M ]U BM BywoQ A o A kjAj Bz ,BC BBkjpA , kB a /kB kAi jz B z ,k{BM kz boko{ RBLwB BB S{ow pA ywoQ ,wBw zkA gnBU BkjUC nj j pA yQ \Q kw nj jM jBM BywoQ Tvh pAjB\A jBM o{ nj Bvw tAn BUoQ Be nj /k{ boAoBo B ,j] BB y\w BM Mo\U oM U BM ,jM jo,ji BBwn oU nj ,A ,jnC j] M o{ C AoM ko{ RBLwB nBMnj jBM o bo M ,uA n]nj sMaC oM U BM ,n j Ar /SiAjoQ TwAn AoBo { zkA BTwBi ,AoMBM> kv ,jM TTB nj A

2.JacquelinedeRomilly,Laloidanslapensegrecque,p.182.

A BTwBi SwA ]U BB{ 2/ jM C oM tBoAoj M jo BM AU An SiB{ A ,SwA TiB{ o A Sv

1.Gorgias,B,iiiinLesPrsocratques,p.1022.

pA UAoBAkBnoM

jnBwn nj ,toPA tTv w 1/ Tv BMp nBMnj A BT k kv ,jo AMB ,omQBBM TiB{B ,Tv nBMnj /SwA Se MB

55 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 54

1.Platon,Protagoras,319a.

1 kj gwBQBM pBC Aow BM jM q BT SwBw ao A,qBT yAj j WdM bo { A jnBTwj BA ,k{ kU AB Bo{ nj wAoj wBwA jnCo j A M ,MBi SwBwAU A BT{ pA Ba /k{ kU UC nj sM jMSAk ,Se nBMnj An BywoQ , Bkj pA ,BBvw ,SBnjB nBMnj ji BBwn nj A kjo bo So nj /jo FU ,jM jo nAmjBM C yAj Bkj pA BywoQ nj An BB Ako{ kp BywoQ BBvw AnjjB BM ,A ,A BLj M , Aow ,kjAj nAo wnoM jnBC o BL M ]U BM BywoQ A o A kjAj Bz ,BC BBkjpA , kB a /kB kAi jz B z ,k{BM kz boko{ RBLwB BB S{ow pA ywoQ ,wBw zkA gnBU BkjUC nj j pA yQ \Q kw nj jM jBM BywoQ Tvh pAjB\A jBM o{ nj Bvw tAn BUoQ Be nj /k{ boAoBo B ,j] BB y\w BM Mo\U oM U BM ,jM jo,ji BBwn oU nj ,A ,jnC j] M o{ C AoM ko{ RBLwB nBMnj jBM o bo M ,uA n]nj sMaC oM U BM ,n j Ar /SiAjoQ TwAn AoBo { zkA BTwBi ,AoMBM> kv ,jM TTB nj A

2.JacquelinedeRomilly,Laloidanslapensegrecque,p.182.

A BTwBi SwA ]U BB{ 2/ jM C oM tBoAoj M jo BM AU An SiB{ A ,SwA TiB{ o A Sv

1.Gorgias,B,iiiinLesPrsocratques,p.1022.

pA UAoBAkBnoM

jnBwn nj ,toPA tTv w 1/ Tv BMp nBMnj A BT k kv ,jo AMB ,omQBBM TiB{B ,Tv nBMnj /SwA Se MB

57 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 56

1.SextusEmpiricus,op.cit.VII,87inLesPrsocratques,p.1026.

hw B kQ Thv pA BM ,tAn BUoQ 1/ k hw BMp

2.Eloged'Hlne,13. 3.Platon,Philbe,58b.

2/ : S k tAn BUoQ pA AkM M np M nBTiA M An qa Aop ,SwA RBT RBB o{ kTo \T ji o RBk pA BBvw 3/ pA ,nAoU M ,ji BT{ B]B] nj ,pAo{ kAnk

/dAAnM\A,MAnB o~MA /2

wA nj nj v vM M ]U BM An A v zkA joM B 2

57 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 56

1.SextusEmpiricus,op.cit.VII,87inLesPrsocratques,p.1026.

hw B kQ Thv pA BM ,tAn BUoQ 1/ k hw BMp

2.Eloged'Hlne,13. 3.Platon,Philbe,58b.

2/ : S k tAn BUoQ pA AkM M np M nBTiA M An qa Aop ,SwA RBT RBB o{ kTo \T ji o RBk pA BBvw 3/ pA ,nAoU M ,ji BT{ B]B] nj ,pAo{ kAnk

/dAAnM\A,MAnB o~MA /2

wA nj nj v vM M ]U BM An A v zkA joM B 2

59 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 58

BrkA oM U BM An A v Bkv pA ioM ,kk]/kATvAj oTBUU BB BBzQ pA An A jo ovU

jM wA nj Bv T i M ,ApAjoQo ,kAjo BjA kk] Bkv pA ioM Ba ,A nj , , BzQ oTBUU BrkAA A> AoA oU B po nj A v zkAA /SwA k{ kU ,C A An nj M oTM B ,

59 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 58

BrkA oM U BM An A v Bkv pA ioM ,kk]/kATvAj oTBUU BB BBzQ pA An A jo ovU

jM wA nj Bv T i M ,ApAjoQo ,kAjo BjA kk] Bkv pA ioM Ba ,A nj , , BzQ oTBUU BrkAA A> AoA oU B po nj A v zkAA /SwA k{ kU ,C A An nj M oTM B ,

61 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 60

B] nA oMkU nj joi Sv KwB nA bA AoM Bp SwBw nB nj Ajo kj BM nA A nj FU BM> : kv A /jnAk ,k{ oUnr wn BB pA ji wnoM nj oTzM a o ,kjM

1.LL,325c. 2.LL,327a-b.

1 : kv A /SwA TpBM co~U M An T A ,TAop ,kTv kM wBw BB AnAj , n M , Bo{ ShM BM Ao RjB kCi Bnj o A knAj nAo nj BBv pA yBTw nj , ,Bw kM /kTv omQbA , nj ,jz AkQ nBnj aC M AU TwAn v SoM M kwn \T A M ,TwAn A joM Q ,SwA AojAj ~i nA nj o{ M Mo nAkpAjoP v M kAki TL nB M BC pA Bv Bp BU ,ozMkAh BBQ ji BBLU M ,k{BM To Swj M An wBw Rnk

2 ,C o A An n]ji Bwn oU B] BUAodM A /jAj |B~TiA WdM A BL bBA M ,SwA , aM A jM Bq BBw BM BnB{A A SwA jo nB{A

61 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 60

B] nA oMkU nj joi Sv KwB nA bA AoM Bp SwBw nB nj Ajo kj BM nA A nj FU BM> : kv A /jnAk ,k{ oUnr wn BB pA ji wnoM nj oTzM a o ,kjM

1.LL,325c. 2.LL,327a-b.

1 : kv A /SwA TpBM co~U M An T A ,TAop ,kTv kM wBw BB AnAj , n M , Bo{ ShM BM Ao RjB kCi Bnj o A knAj nAo nj BBv pA yBTw nj , ,Bw kM /kTv omQbA , nj ,jz AkQ nBnj aC M AU TwAn v SoM M kwn \T A M ,TwAn A joM Q ,SwA AojAj ~i nA nj o{ M Mo nAkpAjoP v M kAki TL nB M BC pA Bv Bp BU ,ozMkAh BBQ ji BBLU M ,k{BM To Swj M An wBw Rnk

2 ,C o A An n]ji Bwn oU B] BUAodM A /jAj |B~TiA WdM A BL bBA M ,SwA , aM A jM Bq BBw BM BnB{A A SwA jo nB{A

63 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 62

v nj wBwA k nA bA BA k M nB{A A /Svk{ BM BMA SB nj A M A nB{A ao A ,SwA A wBw: S{Aj ]U wBwA j M wBw v nAmjBM nj A /SwAjL J j] wBw BB pA _ ,A o pA ,w pAAoM An o{ wBw BT]A B nj RBeAo ,A ,oj w pA ,/SvAj B Sd~ FU oM oB dUjBM M An A j] Bo{ nAjA B{ jB_ ,k{BL o{ nAmjBM v Bp BU jAj w A wBw vo A q v ji BA ,k{ kAh AkQ o{ Bjnj Bnj AoM nAjo{ nj kp M nBaB ,k jB\A v A oMAoM o{ kATi BBLU M ,SwA TB An C BjB BM nj BLU k{BM d ywoQ A gwBQ nj ,Aow ,n]Bwn pA z{ oTj nj /jo kAi: k ,SwA oUnBpBw v BM j] Te BB pA AkB{ pA _ SwA Swnj SB{ !Ak _" : T >,v L ,nA pA Sv nBpBw v L BM AoBonj nj Bpow pA nmM S{ow Ba j{ BLU odAn ji kj Swj pA An ji Bs ,j{ k{BQ tFB pSv njB Ao{ nj q v L ,k d oC nj SwA jo Ro\ d M ,nBaB ,k e An ji sTe { kATM Bv nBLU pn o A BA ,joM ow M Konj ,SwA jM Aki nBLU jAj kAi Bz ,kMBM An ji L KwB

1.R,497b-d.

1 /kAj BAoBo oAo BnBQ B KvpA oUBM Ao kp nj UjBw ,knAj nAkBp Se ,j{ AkQ cBSe ,o{ nj ,SwA ,BC ,k{BM nAkBp RjBw B]C ,u oM BA ,Sv AnAkBp RoY ,o{ a nj ,AopKv An A pA kAi k{BM Bwo BAk ,nAkBp BLBow oM ,BA Aop ,k{ kAh nAooM cB Se qo ,k B] A k qTw za za ok BM ,nAkBpo{ jo kAi BLU An AnAkBp ,B\Aow ,znjAoM jABi

63 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 62

v nj wBwA k nA bA BA k M nB{A A /Svk{ BM BMA SB nj A M A nB{A ao A ,SwA A wBw: S{Aj ]U wBwA j M wBw v nAmjBM nj A /SwAjL J j] wBw BB pA _ ,A o pA ,w pAAoM An o{ wBw BT]A B nj RBeAo ,A ,oj w pA ,/SvAj B Sd~ FU oM oB dUjBM M An A j] Bo{ nAjA B{ jB_ ,k{BL o{ nAmjBM v Bp BU jAj w A wBw vo A q v ji BA ,k{ kAh AkQ o{ Bjnj Bnj AoM nAjo{ nj kp M nBaB ,k jB\A v A oMAoM o{ kATi BBLU M ,SwA TB An C BjB BM nj BLU k{BM d ywoQ A gwBQ nj ,Aow ,n]Bwn pA z{ oTj nj /jo kAi: k ,SwA oUnBpBw v BM j] Te BB pA AkB{ pA _ SwA Swnj SB{ !Ak _" : T >,v L ,nA pA Sv nBpBw v L BM AoBonj nj Bpow pA nmM S{ow Ba j{ BLU odAn ji kj Swj pA An ji Bs ,j{ k{BQ tFB pSv njB Ao{ nj q v L ,k d oC nj SwA jo Ro\ d M ,nBaB ,k e An ji sTe { kATM Bv nBLU pn o A BA ,joM ow M Konj ,SwA jM Aki nBLU jAj kAi Bz ,kMBM An ji L KwB

1.R,497b-d.

1 /kAj BAoBo oAo BnBQ B KvpA oUBM Ao kp nj UjBw ,knAj nAkBp Se ,j{ AkQ cBSe ,o{ nj ,SwA ,BC ,k{BM nAkBp RjBw B]C ,u oM BA ,Sv AnAkBp RoY ,o{ a nj ,AopKv An A pA kAi k{BM Bwo BAk ,nAkBp BLBow oM ,BA Aop ,k{ kAh nAooM cB Se qo ,k B] A k qTw za za ok BM ,nAkBpo{ jo kAi BLU An AnAkBp ,B\Aow ,znjAoM jABi

65 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 64

1.R,520e-521b. 2.R,500e.

Bwo BAk > ,BAoBo ,j] Bo{ nj 1 ,oj SLwB M ,jnow kAJB{ oLU M B kAi kAi ,Sv jB B B B] nj jBMC o{ , nj C dU BA B M BnC bo,SwA wBw oA nj v WdM p B A M ,Sv Bo{WdM jB{ jo nATwA M ,wBw WdM o ,A k Aop

65 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 64

1.R,520e-521b. 2.R,500e.

Bwo BAk > ,BAoBo ,j] Bo{ nj 1 ,oj SLwB M ,jnow kAJB{ oLU M B kAi kAi ,Sv jB B B B] nj jBMC o{ , nj C dU BA B M BnC bo,SwA wBw oA nj v WdM p B A M ,Sv Bo{WdM jB{ jo nATwA M ,wBw WdM o ,A k Aop

67 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 66

,oTzM co~U BM quABwn nj ,A /SwA SwBw S{ow njo M BA> /SwA jAj cU An BnC bo pA ji kBa qo ,k{ T aC {BM T{Aj oBi M An T A kBM ,Ben M ,kC hw nj A M , kj kAh ji M kBv BA,kz kA nj kM ,Twnj M ,B M ,eo a /// kMB dU BAn nAmB ,oj nBM /S{Ak nj o pA q An op RBe kBM BA,Bhw A nj koL B , BTwj" : k v\ o njnBM o BA ,jnAj B Se BM M , bo A pA AB u C AC oM ,SwA B nj kC AoM eo pA hw BLp pA qa ,kMB dU nj TvBM k jBzQ zowpA M kAU u C ,S{Aj kAh nj o pA An SeM ,k Ao]A An C kAhM CM ,kB{PM B] BnC oA A ]jq B zow M An oj Bo A /S{Am kAi nBjApC oA A nj An A q nAmB /jnC kAinj Ao]A M ,SB kAinj KwB nA jo kAi wnoM ,A BM Ao ,BC , S{Am kAi,SwA jM AU ke pA yM nAmB A nj nA a jM Ak bonBLTA pA ji oe nj kAhM oT o AC oM Aop

1.L,745e-746d.

1

67 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 66

,oTzM co~U BM quABwn nj ,A /SwA SwBw S{ow njo M BA> /SwA jAj cU An BnC bo pA ji kBa qo ,k{ T aC {BM T{Aj oBi M An T A kBM ,Ben M ,kC hw nj A M , kj kAh ji M kBv BA,kz kA nj kM ,Twnj M ,B M ,eo a /// kMB dU BAn nAmB ,oj nBM /S{Ak nj o pA q An op RBe kBM BA,Bhw A nj koL B , BTwj" : k v\ o njnBM o BA ,jnAj B Se BM M , bo A pA AB u C AC oM ,SwA B nj kC AoM eo pA hw BLp pA qa ,kMB dU nj TvBM k jBzQ zowpA M kAU u C ,S{Aj kAh nj o pA An SeM ,k Ao]A An C kAhM CM ,kB{PM B] BnC oA A ]jq B zow M An oj Bo A /S{Am kAi nBjApC oA A nj An A q nAmB /jnC kAinj Ao]A M ,SB kAinj KwB nA jo kAi wnoM ,A BM Ao ,BC , S{Am kAi,SwA jM AU ke pA yM nAmB A nj nA a jM Ak bonBLTA pA ji oe nj kAhM oT o AC oM Aop

1.L,745e-746d.

1

69 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 68

Se uQ" : T "/k{ kAh TwB _ !" : S "?k{ kAi TwBoBiSBn AoM nAj nBTA pA pBM o A BA ,SwA Kke a BU po a M o{ a uwFU j cU UA SozQ AoM kBM ji w M U ,Rn C nj ,SwA omQBAB BC" : T "?UB a" : S "/ k~U Gjk\ An UB XeBLAU Mi B M ,jo BM Mi M AU An qa o nk M BA ,kM ,kAi a o Aoj ?kB{Q C oM B] BM U BC /SwA BM pA oUBwnB HL , ,qa o e AjA AoM ,An aC xBM T{Ak U pA ,uQ" : T "!nC" : S "?Tv Ao A M ,B{PM B] We o pA ,jo BM WeBL o{ AU o a M { K A BM nj nk C nj ,k{BM jq B k M SwA B] BU jo uwFU pA n B jAj B\A An U BBU k~U ,Rna M U BC /Ajo SMBY An o{ uwFU bo jM ,TwAi"/jM Ai B M ,ji w M ?jo Ah BT A A\T

1.R,472c-473b.

1 kB Bk jo jnA pA A k jnAj BU BnC bo kM SwA jM A , : jnC B M hw nBvM kjoU BM C nBMnj Aow ja pAjoPM K A cU ysQ M A kBM GoB ,uQ"a SwBC nAjA ve B jnAj j] poA Bo{ nj ,LB,H /k LU B o{ wBwA bo BM BU SwA p BC nj oUBT A T j B M ,o o nj An Ake , RAoU jn nj j pB\U o ka pA ,{ B UAoU ,Be o nj B , k M" : T "!SwA Swnj" : S "/k{BL nAjAj jBpA ,TLA ,k oj M An o{ A SB SwA B oUAk oU C" : S "/Sv omQBA BA ,BwC SwA a oULzU Z oUnqM M An C kwn L M A : T ?SwAow oM AqTwA pA ] M An ji k kBM SwB]A /jJi hw M /jnCnj BQ pA ohvU ki nBz M Ao jqn o

69 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 68

Se uQ" : T "/k{ kAh TwB _ !" : S "?k{ kAi TwBoBiSBn AoM nAj nBTA pA pBM o A BA ,SwA Kke a BU po a M o{ a uwFU j cU UA SozQ AoM kBM ji w M U ,Rn C nj ,SwA omQBAB BC" : T "?UB a" : S "/ k~U Gjk\ An UB XeBLAU Mi B M ,jo BM Mi M AU An qa o nk M BA ,kM ,kAi a o Aoj ?kB{Q C oM B] BM U BC /SwA BM pA oUBwnB HL , ,qa o e AjA AoM ,An aC xBM T{Ak U pA ,uQ" : T "!nC" : S "?Tv Ao A M ,B{PM B] We o pA ,jo BM WeBL o{ AU o a M { K A BM nj nk C nj ,k{BM jq B k M SwA B] BU jo uwFU pA n B jAj B\A An U BBU k~U ,Rna M U BC /Ajo SMBY An o{ uwFU bo jM ,TwAi"/jM Ai B M ,ji w M ?jo Ah BT A A\T

1.R,472c-473b.

1 kB Bk jo jnA pA A k jnAj BU BnC bo kM SwA jM A , : jnC B M hw nBvM kjoU BM C nBMnj Aow ja pAjoPM K A cU ysQ M A kBM GoB ,uQ"a SwBC nAjA ve B jnAj j] poA Bo{ nj ,LB,H /k LU B o{ wBwA bo BM BU SwA p BC nj oUBT A T j B M ,o o nj An Ake , RAoU jn nj j pB\U o ka pA ,{ B UAoU ,Be o nj B , k M" : T "!SwA Swnj" : S "/k{BL nAjAj jBpA ,TLA ,k oj M An o{ A SB SwA B oUAk oU C" : S "/Sv omQBA BA ,BwC SwA a oULzU Z oUnqM M An C kwn L M A : T ?SwAow oM AqTwA pA ] M An ji k kBM SwB]A /jJi hw M /jnCnj BQ pA ohvU ki nBz M Ao jqn o

71 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 70

BLU An B o{ kwB ! qq A" : T "!M" : S "/ ]UB~ ,qo ,ozM kwB , n M , k M M ,k BC B ,k{ B{jBQ w ,Bo{ nj BC o ,SB kAhw w nj ,Gk] TwAn M ,knAj Sw B{jBQ A Ao pA j{ ] keA jo nj HEU Se BM wBw o kCnjKU An T{n j A pA Go~d Bv ,Thw B K] M ,,jz B\A Ao{ A BU /kjo nA nAjA nj SBij pA ,kpA ,To o nj XeBL A nj B eo Sv ,qoUk pA L jM A ,k j] o M BQ jnmM BA eojo MyQ Aop ,T{Aj kjoU C nBA nj ,M TwAi yQ RjBw A ]U B nB] kB BM ke a BU o A

1.R,473d-e.

1

71 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 70

BLU An B o{ kwB ! qq A" : T "!M" : S "/ ]UB~ ,qo ,ozM kwB , n M , k M M ,k BC B ,k{ B{jBQ w ,Bo{ nj BC o ,SB kAhw w nj ,Gk] TwAn M ,knAj Sw B{jBQ A Ao pA j{ ] keA jo nj HEU Se BM wBw o kCnjKU An T{n j A pA Go~d Bv ,Thw B K] M ,,jz B\A Ao{ A BU /kjo nA nAjA nj SBij pA ,kpA ,To o nj XeBL A nj B eo Sv ,qoUk pA L jM A ,k j] o M BQ jnmM BA eojo MyQ Aop ,T{Aj kjoU C nBA nj ,M TwAi yQ RjBw A ]U B nB] kB BM ke a BU o A

1.R,473d-e.

1

73 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 72

] M ,k{BM T{Aj An BywoQ M gwBQ BjA C pA oTzM Aownj /k{BM jo bo j zwoQ BU kj nAo ywoQ An jipA A J AoBo { q AoBo B{ nBMnj AWdMpA An AoBo B{ nBMnj WdM A B] BU ,Sv yQ,MBv BB{BU kB ,WdM A nj jotB nBQ Ak nj joLpA uQ ,n]Bwn nj ,A /kB BpCnp BBQ nBTA njC pA o BM iA AoBo B{ B AA UBBQ nj nAj kB , A" : T > : kv ,SwA nBpBw B{An ji En q U ,k A An ji En [pA B yB ,MBv] [AoBo { iA] [Q pA RjBw FU o pA BM Bji wAoj ,{nBA ,wAoU ,B{jBQ jo o lnAo oiC BU a j LUo nj ,Ak ,SwA A LUo nj AkpA LUoU B M /Sv z oA A nBMnj nAj" : S "/kod jnA ,BAov kB ,C k RjBw kM Mi o

1.R,580b-c.

1

73 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 72

] M ,k{BM T{Aj An BywoQ M gwBQ BjA C pA oTzM Aownj /k{BM jo bo j zwoQ BU kj nAo ywoQ An jipA A J AoBo { q AoBo B{ nBMnj AWdMpA An AoBo B{ nBMnj WdM A B] BU ,Sv yQ,MBv BB{BU kB ,WdM A nj jotB nBQ Ak nj joLpA uQ ,n]Bwn nj ,A /kB BpCnp BBQ nBTA njC pA o BM iA AoBo B{ B AA UBBQ nj nAj kB , A" : T > : kv ,SwA nBpBw B{An ji En q U ,k A An ji En [pA B yB ,MBv] [AoBo { iA] [Q pA RjBw FU o pA BM Bji wAoj ,{nBA ,wAoU ,B{jBQ jo o lnAo oiC BU a j LUo nj ,Ak ,SwA A LUo nj AkpA LUoU B M /Sv z oA A nBMnj nAj" : S "/kod jnA ,BAov kB ,C k RjBw kM Mi o

1.R,580b-c.

1

75 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 74

,SwA jo Bn ji Be M An C kAki Ak oMkU B A MoAj j XU jnC BM ,A /k{ nAkkQ BvA BT]A RBLwB A nj to BvA jAoA BL{ Aki nwA Sw pA Tvv ,BM wBw jo oU ,Bwn B nj jo jB\A ,kjM TomQ tjvBM A /SvAk Swnj An BvA BL{ Aki i A M ,BL{nj A A M ,SwBw kj Bz k y{ XU A jnCnAkkQ BAki SL JB nj BU ,SwA jAj cU ji BBwnoBwA BT{ pA B oAj j XU jnC BM ,A j{AoM nwA BMp pA ,v FU JwA BM C ovU ,jo A BFU JwA BM nwA ovU A BM A /k jBTwA C pA Zoi[BT oM U BM jnC Ao wBw v nAmjBM AoM BL vC jB AoM An nwA BMp ,BL{ B{ BnwA pA Svv A

/So nB Mjo A] Aow B T nj ,wBwjoBwn nj ,A od J AoBo { j ,wBw jo oU AoM BMA hw ~U C pA yQ /k bo An j C B qU MBkAi Ba q A { nCjB ,nBM nBM A nj AnqBU ,AoBo B{ Te BB pA WdM nj wnA ,kCWdM pBC nj ,ao A /k jnA BC BB Rn By\w nB BA ,SwA B nj BAoBo nB{ pA hw ,A] AowM ,Sv BC BAoBo nB{ AoBo B{ kM Mibo MBpnA MB A M An Te BB A cB~ FU SBn Bd M An AoBo B{ ,kSwnj AoM T A /k\w B SBn k B SBn Ako{SA AnAj wBw zkA BBo] oj pA B wBw v qBUB nBMnj BC Bo TiA nM ,B Bv SwA

J Te B kjM TomQ An A A ,J Te Sd~ FU BA BU A M ,B Se q]jo oU pA uQ ,wBwjoBwn nj ,A /k{BM kAU ,Ako{Svh ~ nj AoBo B{ pA BB kML M ,wBwk bo An ywoQ A BC jjo pBM ,Ajo Rjo hw pAAo oT BnA{j BM Te BB A pA Ak nj kp ,jM joy{ ,WdM A nj jn pA yQ ,Bwn B nj ,A /SwA Ao nj BA ,k o BnC AoBo SB pA oU ,oj nBMBM SwA BnC AoBo { A A M AoTA BM ,nC B]A njA B ,Bw kM" : BM> : kv ,Sv nBpBw ozM BBAU SwA Ao oT [n BM kp , Ak nj ,}B AoBo B{BB C nj kp Aj TLA ?SwA Ak BC oUdU MBo ao A ,S{Aj ]U C M kBM SwA AT A /SwA dU MB o,j B\A B o ,kB{ BA ,SwA o AT B WdM Ma ! WdM nBM A nj" : A] Aow "/SwA v oM oB

1.P,302b.

nBTQ nBMnj n]nj aC A 1

75 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 74

,SwA jo Bn ji Be M An C kAki Ak oMkU B A MoAj j XU jnC BM ,A /k{ nAkkQ BvA BT]A RBLwB A nj to BvA jAoA BL{ Aki nwA Sw pA Tvv ,BM wBw jo oU ,Bwn B nj jo jB\A ,kjM TomQ tjvBM A /SvAk Swnj An BvA BL{ Aki i A M ,BL{nj A A M ,SwBw kj Bz k y{ XU A jnCnAkkQ BAki SL JB nj BU ,SwA jAj cU ji BBwnoBwA BT{ pA B oAj j XU jnC BM ,A j{AoM nwA BMp pA ,v FU JwA BM C ovU ,jo A BFU JwA BM nwA ovU A BM A /k jBTwA C pA Zoi[BT oM U BM jnC Ao wBw v nAmjBM AoM BL vC jB AoM An nwA BMp ,BL{ B{ BnwA pA Svv A

/So nB Mjo A] Aow B T nj ,wBwjoBwn nj ,A od J AoBo { j ,wBw jo oU AoM BMA hw ~U C pA yQ /k bo An j C B qU MBkAi Ba q A { nCjB ,nBM nBM A nj AnqBU ,AoBo B{ Te BB pA WdM nj wnA ,kCWdM pBC nj ,ao A /k jnA BC BB Rn By\w nB BA ,SwA B nj BAoBo nB{ pA hw ,A] AowM ,Sv BC BAoBo nB{ AoBo B{ kM Mibo MBpnA MB A M An Te BB A cB~ FU SBn Bd M An AoBo B{ ,kSwnj AoM T A /k\w B SBn k B SBn Ako{SA AnAj wBw zkA BBo] oj pA B wBw v qBUB nBMnj BC Bo TiA nM ,B Bv SwA

J Te B kjM TomQ An A A ,J Te Sd~ FU BA BU A M ,B Se q]jo oU pA uQ ,wBwjoBwn nj ,A /k{BM kAU ,Ako{Svh ~ nj AoBo B{ pA BB kML M ,wBwk bo An ywoQ A BC jjo pBM ,Ajo Rjo hw pAAo oT BnA{j BM Te BB A pA Ak nj kp ,jM joy{ ,WdM A nj jn pA yQ ,Bwn B nj ,A /SwA Ao nj BA ,k o BnC AoBo SB pA oU ,oj nBMBM SwA BnC AoBo { A A M AoTA BM ,nC B]A njA B ,Bw kM" : BM> : kv ,Sv nBpBw ozM BBAU SwA Ao oT [n BM kp , Ak nj ,}B AoBo B{BB C nj kp Aj TLA ?SwA Ak BC oUdU MBo ao A ,S{Aj ]U C M kBM SwA AT A /SwA dU MB o,j B\A B o ,kB{ BA ,SwA o AT B WdM Ma ! WdM nBM A nj" : A] Aow "/SwA v oM oB

1.P,302b.

nBTQ nBMnj n]nj aC A 1

77 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 76

M U M kBM A" : BM> /k jnA od pA Swnj AoBoBe nj oU[noQ ,keA { ,AoBo { w A B q] n" : BM "?Sva U n" : Aow "/SwBC oUSeAnTe B w ,jo LA B ,o ka ,o Se nAk Ahw BC nBMnj ,TM nj ji WdM pA C pA yQ kTv AyhM j M An w C pA o ,uQ" : BM "/SwA Swnj" : Aow "/TTwAn AoBo { kC Swj M [AoBo {]y{ BU vUSe pA T " : BM "?a" : Aow "/j nAo BC T An jo pA oSe pA ,kCSwj M Bji B{jBQ jo nBMnj BA ;{nBA SwA yhMk B Ao{A SekvM ,j{ kB wAoj B o l M BU ,jo LA SeAow "/nC o nj Bj oA A M An C kBM A BA ,jo"?jo vU yhM j M jnC o nj Bj An C AU a" : A]o M /jnAk j B wAoj ao A ,BB oj kB" : BM,SwA C i B B oMAoM Se q wAoj nj ,Be: BM "/SwA a" : Aow "/AoBo B{ oj nj BavU A ,jM TwAn Te B \Tv] nj B BC ,AoMBM"An B AoBo { A T BA ,jAj cU q An A jL noL omQBJBT]A BB A M An oj BB T{Am nB,TeBB pA o nj ,A BM SMB k B SMB ,joSwnj kA oM T B{jBQ ,uQ" : BM "/jn nB{ M vU BL{ y{ A B nj B oTM ,B B An BC T{o oU[noQ M An kp B{jBQ ,B kM ,BA ,SwA AoBo

1.P,302c-d.

1

77 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 76

M U M kBM A" : BM> /k jnA od pA Swnj AoBoBe nj oU[noQ ,keA { ,AoBo { w A B q] n" : BM "?Sva U n" : Aow "/SwBC oUSeAnTe B w ,jo LA B ,o ka ,o Se nAk Ahw BC nBMnj ,TM nj ji WdM pA C pA yQ kTv AyhM j M An w C pA o ,uQ" : BM "/SwA Swnj" : Aow "/TTwAn AoBo { kC Swj M [AoBo {]y{ BU vUSe pA T " : BM "?a" : Aow "/j nAo BC T An jo pA oSe pA ,kCSwj M Bji B{jBQ jo nBMnj BA ;{nBA SwA yhMk B Ao{A SekvM ,j{ kB wAoj B o l M BU ,jo LA SeAow "/nC o nj Bj oA A M An C kBM A BA ,jo"?jo vU yhM j M jnC o nj Bj An C AU a" : A]o M /jnAk j B wAoj ao A ,BB oj kB" : BM,SwA C i B B oMAoM Se q wAoj nj ,Be: BM "/SwA a" : Aow "/AoBo B{ oj nj BavU A ,jM TwAn Te B \Tv] nj B BC ,AoMBM"An B AoBo { A T BA ,jAj cU q An A jL noL omQBJBT]A BB A M An oj BB T{Am nB,TeBB pA o nj ,A BM SMB k B SMB ,joSwnj kA oM T B{jBQ ,uQ" : BM "/jn nB{ M vU BL{ y{ A B nj B oTM ,B B An BC T{o oU[noQ M An kp B{jBQ ,B kM ,BA ,SwA AoBo

1.P,302c-d.

1

79 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 78

1.R,412d-e. 2.R,466a-c. 3.R,519d-520a.

B] BU> ,kBM o{ BAoBo 1xpBw jB\A BM SwA A M ,Sv o{ BA pA pBT L AoMM ,Ao A M B BA BM ,k AkQ dU o{ nj RjBw ,Ako{ BkM , Ako{ pA oj o nAqTki ,BC pA o o A,o{ nj Ajo a SMoU BM ,B SB /k{BM BT]A nAqTki ,BwM ,k ,SwA Ahj Ba v o kj pB]A Sv AAn nj ok nB M jnAjA nB M An BC jnAk A q] k

3 : kAj nqMTe" : BM "?Ak " : A] Aow "?jp ow B pA nqM Bi ,SB nje ,jnAj j] BBQj M jAj Ani o T{Aj B o ASB A M BM U TB UBi An ji nB T{Ak"?Rn A nj " : A] Aow "?SwA wBw jo B{jBQ SBM An C BU B oU pA jM RnBL ,oA Tvh ,T Ba" : BMS{AjnBU ,BC , jq ,jAj Am ,S{AjnBU jM kAi ByhM B{ q A Aop , vU yhM j M q An: BM "?ByhM Ak " : A] Aow "/kTv SAM ] _ M oLAn BvA nBTwoQ Aki BL{ jo Ak] M An B zhM ,Svh"A jo Ak] BM ,BC" : BM "/SwA Swnj" : A] Aow "/k{

79 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 78

1.R,412d-e. 2.R,466a-c. 3.R,519d-520a.

B] BU> ,kBM o{ BAoBo 1xpBw jB\A BM SwA A M ,Sv o{ BA pA pBT L AoMM ,Ao A M B BA BM ,k AkQ dU o{ nj RjBw ,Ako{ BkM , Ako{ pA oj o nAqTki ,BC pA o o A,o{ nj Ajo a SMoU BM ,B SB /k{BM BT]A nAqTki ,BwM ,k ,SwA Ahj Ba v o kj pB]A Sv AAn nj ok nB M jnAjA nB M An BC jnAk A q] k

3 : kAj nqMTe" : BM "?Ak " : A] Aow "?jp ow B pA nqM Bi ,SB nje ,jnAj j] BBQj M jAj Ani o T{Aj B o ASB A M BM U TB UBi An ji nB T{Ak"?Rn A nj " : A] Aow "?SwA wBw jo B{jBQ SBM An C BU B oU pA jM RnBL ,oA Tvh ,T Ba" : BMS{AjnBU ,BC , jq ,jAj Am ,S{AjnBU jM kAi ByhM B{ q A Aop , vU yhM j M q An: BM "?ByhM Ak " : A] Aow "/kTv SAM ] _ M oLAn BvA nBTwoQ Aki BL{ jo Ak] M An B zhM ,Svh"A jo Ak] BM ,BC" : BM "/SwA Swnj" : A] Aow "/k{

81 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 80

"/ vU yhM j M An C ji BU kC p ,S{AjnBU SBj{ dU o M aC jo Ak] BM" : BM "?a" : A] Aow,i" : BM "/SwA kM" : Aow "/j{ TomQ nBTiA M aC k{ ABMA Bi C nBaj B jM T A M ]UM oBi M{ j C ji Be nj , i An Bji B{jBQ B: BM "!SwA Swnj" : Aow "/knAk TBL{ ok M BC AoBo cd~U ,T Ba ,An ji hw kBM A SwA A o"nBTiA M B dU o M C A MB An S{AjnBU BvA SBAU BC" : BM "!SwA a" : Aow "? vU ,SwA k{ TomQ BC Bji An C ,j{ dU o M ,S{AjnBU BCu C ,uQ A pA , M BM wBw ,jomQ nBTiA M BBQj

1.P,276c-e.

1

81 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 80

"/ vU yhM j M An C ji BU kC p ,S{AjnBU SBj{ dU o M aC jo Ak] BM" : BM "?a" : A] Aow,i" : BM "/SwA kM" : Aow "/j{ TomQ nBTiA M aC k{ ABMA Bi C nBaj B jM T A M ]UM oBi M{ j C ji Be nj , i An Bji B{jBQ B: BM "!SwA Swnj" : Aow "/knAk TBL{ ok M BC AoBo cd~U ,T Ba ,An ji hw kBM A SwA A o"nBTiA M B dU o M C A MB An S{AjnBU BvA SBAU BC" : BM "!SwA a" : Aow "? vU ,SwA k{ TomQ BC Bji An C ,j{ dU o M ,S{AjnBU BCu C ,uQ A pA , M BM wBw ,jomQ nBTiA M BBQj

1.P,276c-e.

1

83 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 82

o A ,oj o oM o oa : kj qU ok pA An B LBe nj ,SwA L < jApC> MAn Ao{ nj L oA ,S ATM

1.L,890c. 2.P,276c-277a.

o{> bo nj ,v B{jBQ 1/SwA B M Ski oM oB BnAo B pA oUAo ,We A pA ,n]Bwn nj ,A BnC SA M RBTA ,AoBoTo nAo o k nj BnC SwBw RBAqA o{ M ,SwA j],BvA S{ow BBAU M ]U BM ,wBwjoBwn nj ,A /k{BMB BjAnA oM ,Be o M ,B SomQ An SwBw kB ASB B AvB nj ,A 2/k SLU C pA kBM BA jnAj oUoM,Szi BA pA] k pA ji dU oM U BM q SwBw {qQwBw v B nj AoM wBwA A j M ,TB pA Ao nj BjoM jn nj BU ,Szi BA A Svh : k nB{A jiAko{ An RBLwB C AU kM BAki RBLwB nj Bjo jn nj Szi o BA AoM BA ,jnAj ] jo UB ko{ wBw RBLwB ,koMAoM jApC We A pA , jApCA M ]U BM A oj /jo AkQ ]U AU ,k jB\A ji Ao\ pA BU An AojAj AoBo { dU A ,wBwA BA AoM z{ _ ,AoMBM ;kAj omQBA AU S M,A /Sv nBpBw J wBw B AojAj B BM Szit Aow oq] M An ji jBTwA A wBw v AnAjA BCBnC o{ jB\A Bji AoBo Se pAkAoM nj BU kkAiAo

AkA a nj So{ pA jBM A j A oM U BM ,k{BM BC BAnA U oq] C M ow cAw pA eo{ ,TBnj jo nAjjiC M An ji ow k B ,SwA wBw v nj o SLv pAnBz Tvh BC> : kv A /k BM {n M oq]{ Sv C ,k{BM ToyQ nj An kM xn nBM A o A ,nBMBnTwj ,jnAmM jo A nTwj M nBM o A ?kj oU An A kp ,k nAjji BnTwj TomQ pA nBM o A BA ,jAj kAi A M oj/k qAn A BM oj SwA TwAn {qQ nBTwnj jo oM AC oMpBLo o~Svw jo ,jAj nj U A BM qAn M v o A ,u oMB jo A pA A ,kCSwAn q o{ jn nj hw A /Sv yM j{ kAn Bo o{ C oM Twnj M o A /k nAjA An C nA ojoi n pA ,k{BM T{Aj pB k pnkA M ,k BLj An Twnj An o{ k{BM Bo{ nB{ nj o A ,u oM /jo nj jAj pnkA pA AUa pA ] _ M kAkAjooM n AojAj BB pA ovA M kAi ji AnBz pA M ,k SLU BBA o nj Aop ,k oj An C pA zhM _ kq Swj C TenB o An jAj Bz BM v ,k{ kAi o M d Rn jAnA Ski nj ji BpnkA BM jo kAi oUBwC BC AoM An o nj jo a ,jomPM An z a v ,kCnj BC BtnB a M jAj nj U pA v ,u oM /Sv yM o~Svw joBp ,SwA a tBveA /SwA oj jo o M ,k nAjjiB Q nBMnj A pA A ,k qAn BM ji kp { nBMnj v BRno ioM BM A jB nBTn o A ,k{BM jM B] B v] ,TwpA qAn nBMnj kAhM ,Swj B ,k{BM T{Aj SMBoBi M jM Ai A nBz , B BM ,k SBA BnTwjpA qa o A BA ,jo Ah nAjji Rnz pA Ak] JAm pA Bn

83 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 82

o A ,oj o oM o oa : kj qU ok pA An B LBe nj ,SwA L < jApC> MAn Ao{ nj L oA ,S ATM

1.L,890c. 2.P,276c-277a.

o{> bo nj ,v B{jBQ 1/SwA B M Ski oM oB BnAo B pA oUAo ,We A pA ,n]Bwn nj ,A BnC SA M RBTA ,AoBoTo nAo o k nj BnC SwBw RBAqA o{ M ,SwA j],BvA S{ow BBAU M ]U BM ,wBwjoBwn nj ,A /k{BMB BjAnA oM ,Be o M ,B SomQ An SwBw kB ASB B AvB nj ,A 2/k SLU C pA kBM BA jnAj oUoM,Szi BA pA] k pA ji dU oM U BM q SwBw {qQwBw v B nj AoM wBwA A j M ,TB pA Ao nj BjoM jn nj BU ,Szi BA A Svh : k nB{A jiAko{ An RBLwB C AU kM BAki RBLwB nj Bjo jn nj Szi o BA AoM BA ,jnAj ] jo UB ko{ wBw RBLwB ,koMAoM jApC We A pA , jApCA M ]U BM A oj /jo AkQ ]U AU ,k jB\A ji Ao\ pA BU An AojAj AoBo { dU A ,wBwA BA AoM z{ _ ,AoMBM ;kAj omQBA AU S M,A /Sv nBpBw J wBw B AojAj B BM Szit Aow oq] M An ji jBTwA A wBw v AnAjA BCBnC o{ jB\A Bji AoBo Se pAkAoM nj BU kkAiAo

AkA a nj So{ pA jBM A j A oM U BM ,k{BM BC BAnA U oq] C M ow cAw pA eo{ ,TBnj jo nAjjiC M An ji ow k B ,SwA wBw v nj o SLv pAnBz Tvh BC> : kv A /k BM {n M oq]{ Sv C ,k{BM ToyQ nj An kM xn nBM A o A ,nBMBnTwj ,jnAmM jo A nTwj M nBM o A ?kj oU An A kp ,k nAjji BnTwj TomQ pA nBM o A BA ,jAj kAi A M oj/k qAn A BM oj SwA TwAn {qQ nBTwnj jo oM AC oMpBLo o~Svw jo ,jAj nj U A BM qAn M v o A ,u oMB jo A pA A ,kCSwAn q o{ jn nj hw A /Sv yM j{ kAn Bo o{ C oM Twnj M o A /k nAjA An C nA ojoi n pA ,k{BM T{Aj pB k pnkA M ,k BLj An Twnj An o{ k{BM Bo{ nB{ nj o A ,u oM /jo nj jAj pnkA pA AUa pA ] _ M kAkAjooM n AojAj BB pA ovA M kAi ji AnBz pA M ,k SLU BBA o nj Aop ,k oj An C pA zhM _ kq Swj C TenB o An jAj Bz BM v ,k{ kAi o M d Rn jAnA Ski nj ji BpnkA BM jo kAi oUBwC BC AoM An o nj jo a ,jomPM An z a v ,kCnj BC BtnB a M jAj nj U pA v ,u oM /Sv yM o~Svw joBp ,SwA a tBveA /SwA oj jo o M ,k nAjjiB Q nBMnj A pA A ,k qAn BM ji kp { nBMnj v BRno ioM BM A jB nBTn o A ,k{BM jM B] B v] ,TwpA qAn nBMnj kAhM ,Swj B ,k{BM T{Aj SMBoBi M jM Ai A nBz , B BM ,k SBA BnTwjpA qa o A BA ,jo Ah nAjji Rnz pA Ak] JAm pA Bn

85 wBw v nAmjBM A AoA nj wBw zkA Ap 84

,jAj kAh x oe M v k{BM AnB{C o A B ,kwoP wT o M jo Ah o Bv a M An ji o ,AowjiAi pnkA AjoM M ,TLA /k{BM kpo }h{ C o A Te ,k{ AhoA An njB nkQ nBL]A BA ,jo Ai nL\ ,jAk nj U o A jAj{ BC Ba /k{BM k{ ] nBaj A o ,AjS i o M ,Sv MB ,k{BM ToyQ nj MB kpAoM A j nApC jM ji Bypow BM An BC SwA bBC MB nAj Swj ] _ M ,BC Bt BnA

1.LL,330c-331c. 2.R,425esq. 3.L,720asq.

jnA nj A 1 /jo AkQ AU ,jnCM BA ,kM hw