كفاح شعب مصر

iOGYEG fdG dG

: hCG SGQdG d QdG AdGSOdG M hCG e dG

Jh OGYEGMGdG Y Y dG : PSCG

8 : 11381

: 24677183 - 26823792 : 08002220000

HdG IQGRh JbCG jJ NB ` kW 2013 ````ZCG ```T a ````dGh

( e T c ) b QGbEG IOYEH iOGYEG fdG `d HdG `dG IO`d

IOQGdG ( IdG IAGdG ) SCG L GSG JHdG d dG HIQdG dG SCH

g jJ

dd

( e T c ) hCG SGQdG dG `` iOGYEG fdG d HdG dG a dG 3

. YGQdG H PSCG ( Ga jdG Y ) QcdG ddG jOCG g

. ( JdG ) a GQcdG LQO fh , 1936 Y edG a J

: HOCG Jd De eh .. GOBGh dG a IjY d De d

... ( e T c ) , ( dG dJ ) , ( HCGh ddG cGe )

. dhdG FGL e jdG f

. kbO G kjJ GMCG jJ Y JQeh , VdGh ddH HSCG Rj

a , AGah Jh , AYh ``Hh , AHEGh YT e idG dG H j `è Q``XEG

. QdG Y jdG gh , jQdG GMCG LGe

, dG QU e be IQU VYh , jddG gOG shQh , HdG d Pf RGHEG

, hdG ``Hc e , dG QNCG `èCG JMhh , e T ``dUCG Y ``J

. WdG Y dG Z eh

FdG ``J a J dG , `è T ``dJh Sh GO``Y H ``Y ``bdG

. IdG jdG

dGh , gQEGh X e Vj eh , FGL e JQG eh QSG dSCG Y dG

. VdG e IdG NCGh , n pMh jGf a Y

J dG QdG g JMhh , CGj wc HdG Wda , IMdGh edG dEG IYdG

. IGdG Le Y

hCG SGQdG dG `` iOGYEG fdG d HdG dG a dG 4

: SdG , e Y GhQZCG , SBG a ``j Gfc , IYdG e ``YL @. bdG ae feh , jQGhCG a GhYh

: Q S QdG iMEG a G kT S , dG e AGeCG ibCG e @. ANdG IYdG V

: Sec H SdG QM , z M jEG { eCGh , z Q S { HG @. aoJ K , e dG Wh , Y fGh , HCG Iah

: M jEG Th , dG MS dEG LhR aO , z Q S { LhR @. dG UGe Y Sec HG

: MCG g , W eCG , Od NCGh AjbCG e LQ e LQ @. gQhTh H e e fCGh , SdG

: JGS. LCG e jh , Wh j , Od e ie HV @

: b a , kSb kge c , e Y M Fbh S`dG e @. ( 27 ) ddG a SCGh , jdG OdG

: GQGO , jdG IQK Y H d ; L H b , SdG e @. fdG GQGO HG dG IOb da , j d dG dh

: e WT Y , e a jb je : HH hCG e hCG ``e @, YGdG UY jW Gd fc , IgdG e dH dG ce a z fdG { g CG H z UdG H hY { ``a

. 641 S T Y

: jRH OhM Y , SQH T , HCG ``dG MS Y ``je @. ANdG SdG AGYCG e L a g , bdG e

: W. bCG a BG fe , kjb e UY @

: ( eQCG `` b `` JH ). SdG M a g DhGeCG TG je GQeEG @


: jQGhCG. d UY SdG gJG , bdG ae a fe @: QTj. b SQ b H QTCG , e cP LQ @

: HjCG jdG U SdG H a , W èe iSCG `èY , f `T `Fb @. M be a dG gh , `g 583 S

: SdG jd gCG e IjT ehe b bh , e Y dG dG Fb @ . IQdH d HG QGO a SoCGh , IQdGh eO

: ddG dG jd eCG ``b , e ``Y dG ``dG A``KCG e `è @. jJh YH j dh , SdG

: gR jdG AH OdG T d c , ddG dG n pb e dG Gjd ``Jc @ ddG dG dEG SQCG eY ( SdG jd ) fa e ``Y

. dfCG H SCG a H a ujh Yj

: QdG T Iah Cf J CG YSG , jL ICGeG , ``ddG dG ``LhR @ SH eGhCG QG`ÙEGh , dG T jH ebh , ``LhR

.dG IOb dEG LhR

: ``b, 1260 - 1259 jdG ddG ``dK : dG ``dG @ vUh UCG ``K , dG Ff sY ``K , jCG dG G``TG, dG `è a ue bGe ``d , dZG ``H dG ``HG ``Y

jb Y H ``dG a , Y fGh , ``Y ehe `èhb QdG CG``Hh , ``dL f ``Y J ``dG ( ``dL ``Y ) j ch , ``dG e dG VQCG ``jdG Wh , IQ``dG

. gSCH fdGh ddG jQJ a G ke kej ( dL Y )

: cg . ( b ) dG dG eCG p og , YRh dG c @ GHQMh , dG qdT de OH GWSG b g : ``dGh

. dG jQWGeEG

: HfH Hf dEG VGh , idG ``dG eCG p og , fdG dG ``Fb @. 1799 S n r oN e IQOe


: jc e dG G kHCG j d , fdG dG AL eY , jQSEG ae @ n roj dh , O``H ed j c fEGh , `è hCG ce `à

. LC ja OH J CH nV rnj dh , d `Hf YH

: e Y cPCG CG ``H dG `àc , jc `è H `èYdG ``dJ @ MCG dG fch , WdG hQ a Hh , ``dG SM

. Y a Hf YRCG dG IgdG AMCG

```H`` sdG: ( hQGdG )

. fdG ehe a c QhO d c @

: c IQH pHob , O``dG Hf IQOe ``H e a fdG ``Fb @. SdG n nS fh , qM c ba Y

: QHW M d kYR c , HfH ``FSQ a SG O qOJ , Y ``LQ @ , IdG g WGT S Y kjCG eYdG d fch , ddG dM q` nrdGh , ``HfH ``M eCG O``dG `à ``c QhO ``d

. dG

: ( a ) GdG j CG OGQCG , c `èh , HfH H fdG dG O``b @. keJ dP aQ QHW CG EG , H ujh QHW M

: iOHCG MCG OdG e QCj CG ``Y Y , dG a dG ehdG ``YR @ dG dM dGh , VQCG Z GhA``L jdG , fdG , IQOf ``Fa YH AG``YCG LGh . FGW ``H i``dG

. IGdG gPCG dHh Wh j bh

: TQN T j , ` kSb G ve kcMh , `` kdX G k``Sa ` kdGh c @ . d aGdG dG j CG g c , S`dH `MdG j h

. cJ S e V CG H , dYh Y dG Z

: Qja. 1807 Y jQSEG Y jfEG dG Fb @


: ZCG eCG S , ``bdG dP `à jQSEG `àeh , `ÙCG ``cJ @. UCG dG bhY a ij h , OdG j fC ; ud

: HGY MCG Sh , dG ``V OdG ``dEG YO , AadG ``dG `è @ , jdG V YT bh bh . ( ``HGdG IQdG ) SH IQ``dG

. e dEG NdG CH fEG e JG jdG CG Y CG H

: hSe FHCG FH OTCGh , dG jdG eCG Y J , c Q De @. dG qe Y YTh

: ec e G kje G kO``L gL , ``d JM ``gh , T i`è ``T @ . e jdG ``Wh b ``Y hCG edG `ÙCGh , ``dH dG a WdG dH ; H Y ad FSdG c ``JG QhO d . LQNh e NGO ``gdG eCG dGh , ``jdG

. iGfO KOM H UNh , ae bGeh c

: ehc OQdG Y AbEG fjH CGQh , ``Y iGfO ``KOM de ` n prdoCG @. d G kPfEG e

: ja e ahCGh AeCG ``cCG e ch , `èc e ``H dSdG ``M @ Yj Xh , e LCG e , deh MGQh , H V , AahCG. G ka kje ejCG NGhCG a TYh , de f M OH S

: ZR S , ihGT Yh , a jdG Y : eR e 1919 IQK Fb @ n pof fCG EG , SH ``ddGh OdG jGQ aQ Y ``S Y VGh , JQK ONEG a a fjH dh , nO u oTh n u``Yh fjdG jdG ``J CG , dG Ib eCGh , Y a ``fjH

. e dhO e Jh , e Y

: UdG Y L rnHh , jL a ``X JQHh , 1952 dj 23 IQ``K ``Fb @. e Y fjH MQ Y ah , jL


: e jhdG c QhO d , CdG i`Ù , dG SCG , edG ``jW `à @. ae bGe dh , e Y KdG GhdG AKCG

j``dG `è à: SQH

dG n raQ , ``WdG e ae Q``Jh , SdG e ``T @ dEG S roj sch , ``dG c e , dG Jh ``d

. UUdG e kHGh hdG HHO

bSdG L: dU Yh

SG Gj vFGah , bQN Ib e c c , ``jH ``HV @ dEG L fG eY , dH `àe bGe d . jCG qe ``Y H NJ fa IOGW Vh , ddG I`H èCG hdG S ; Iee V eY dU ``Y eR e a Ggh . ``fa

. bSdG L eR e OdG T d

: M OGL ddG fa , IM bGe d fc , eO a OdGh AdG tS i nS @ J Ae GPh , ``WdG AGf j WdG SdG ``MQ a GXh fdG n pY oP M , Q``dG Y WCGh fa c ``dEG

. jb c fCG

: c IOGQEG eCG p`` og , FGSEGh fdGh ``fjdG GdG ``Fb @. j d kSQO dG YCGh , dG

: jdG OdG e dG dG ``d AdG a `Ùj FGdG `è ``Ye @. AGYCG e dGh WdG Y adG fCT


s oc (1) pf oO pQ noJ , n`` p nSG nQ pO e ndhCG pn nM r nrdG ``a l p nU l r pW nrf nCGh i p` nd nh j n``r oc

s pb uc a o pnJ nch , m s p pH mn rnd u oc a (2) n rnJ kFG nO nr och , k s pb nd sobnC mA nne

. k nr oeh k p rnJ

pG n rMnCG np nW pQ roj kna n rn rUnCGh , nc b n pH G nPpEGh , i pnd nh j sjnCG pH r nneh

n s pb , ppd ndG uH nndG n p nT n s pb ; i nr odG n s pdG Y sobnCG nCG soH n a , ondM pj pQdG

. pQ oodGh ph oodG (3)

nr nY p pdG T

, prndpEG pfH oonf i psdG n p r nT n p nM pa i nnd ; p nn sdG p p ng nd o unboCG n rndGh

(6) n n nU nch , (5) p odGh p pQ ndG n nY n nU n r nch ,

(4) p n prdG nenCG nnnK nc i nndh

. j p p rn rdG (8) pA n nN tdGh (7) pIG no dG p rL nh a n nb nh n r nch , pQoeoCG ppF n nY n nenCG

; n pOG n rL nCG n n n nY (10)

nrn pd , pVdG nG n rMnCG nd (9)i ph rQnCG i pnd nhj p nn sdG p p ng a

nsd ndG kpFG nO (12)nHrCnj nch , n nra udGh nI s prdG kpFG nO oj poj n nc m p nY mr nT e ns fnCG

(11) n pQ ropdh

. (13)G n ndGh

1fOQJ. MJh , HJ

2J. jJ e J : OGdG

3Y. N

4dG. dGh , IdGh , dG gh , e L

5dG. dG dG gh , N L

6U. K

7IGdG. ( iRdG : OdG ) , HQdG

8ANdG. jdG gh , NdG : gOe

9ihQCG. bCG

10J. Jh , J : OGdG

11Qd. n pnJh , d

12HCj. ( j : OdG ) , aj

13GdG. ( dG : OdG ) , dG

````````

. q pHnCG T b - 2 . dG S Y jM HG - 1. IGdG j dG dG - 4 . QOdG gOLh , OGLCG Y - 3


mn p rnJh mnd ooH nh m``Y n nT a oOG n rLnCG n`` ng nL n r nc i nnpd ; nG n rMnCG p p`` ng n` nd i ph rQnCG

nna , n pe rnb p` s p r`` nTh n p r`` nT p`` np nW r pe Gh ou n oj nCG oIG n`` o rdG n nh nM n``r nc i nnpd nh , mI nQ pO` nf

n pdG e nnrKnCG p` sjnCG nne n nch , (2) n nn rSG nh n n nN `` ne nh , n o nV h `ò r``` nT

(1) n n

. kI npd nN nf oO nH rn pnna , (4) pP nordG n pe nn rUnCGh ,

(3)G kO o oU

, npf s oS n rna (6) kVnrfnCG nnf ooe Gon nb osfnCG Gt nXh , no pUn dG nf nO npH

(5)nn rLG mI sne r pe r nc nh

. pQ n rp rSG nQn oZ or nY (8) oorj

(7) o pUnCG or sdG G nPpEna

, p rnpH n pnj rnCG o p ndG no r nT n nn rSG n r nc p nHnndG oodG p p ng a i pnd nh j i nn nS nh

rnCG pfjpEG nh pp nY n nTh p p``r npH n nn rSG n r nc o pQ ro nSh , mj p nc mI s`` oM mIn nM a pu nH n`` pe rDojh

. p prfpEG ph noj nh , nu prf ndG s pojh , G nrJnCG nne nj nnnj , nu p p sdGh no nrdG n p rnj

1. OfGh , o nS

2SG. N , P

3G kOU. kJK

4PdG. idG jdG e f

5LG. SGh gEG OGQCG

6 kVfCG. ( r pf : OdG ) , AdG e s nnJ e

7UCG. jdG

8j. jj

n rndGh `` ndG e L a oj `` ooJh , pnJ nh `òe dG a o``WCG ``j

. n pdG nS Y oWCG oUj dd ; odGh

dG pdG j nW Y , pJG nN IOjRh , ``pFHCG pQe J Y oAHBG oUj ``c

. nfEG tc dEG nfH o rj idG , pddG qHCG T c h`J

nUh , pFGdG neCG n`à , S p nT G nQZh , I nc `` n pd odG nT nV sJ ``dh

. pp neG n nc nh ppJ s pY Y oOGLCG aMh , md nnpH o nAGYCG nhbh , pQ ndG Y

, u sdGh `ò dG pj CG , f njEGh ``pYTh npH tHCG o``dG Gg ``SGh

. fEG uhjh , ufdG qjh , GJCG e jjh


Qdh ; OGLCG Y d , VdG GMCG d ihQCG idh j dG g a { 1S

. z Y T e fCG

. fdG Oeh dhCG dG e g z GMCG - ihQCG { ( C )

? ( idG dG ) SG dG g Y jOCG WCG npd ( D )

? HCj c idG eh ? dG dG Gg jj c idG e (A)

. z .. fS a kVfCG fe Gb fCG GXh , UdG fOH LG Ie e ch { 2S

. fdG e ah , dhCG dG L g : z VfCG - Ie { ( C )

? dG J e HdG dG N ch ? IQdG g a ( c ) OaCG GPe ( D )

. fOH GMLG jdG UdG H ASCG cPG (A)

. z QSG QZ Y j UCG dG GPEa { 3S

? z QSG QZ Y j { : jOCG H OdG e ( C )

? jdG j CG HCG dG Gg SG c ( D )

? GhOGQCG e d J gh ? IGdG dEG j c idG e (A)

, H j CG `dG ``T SG c HdG dG g a idh j iSh { 4S

CG fjEGh YTh H SG c QSh , jc IM IM a H eDjh

. z fEG qhjh , fdG jh , GJCG jh , dGh dG j

d dG `à OdG `èh ? ( H j ) `è `èh ? ( ``HdG ) OG`è `è ( C )

? ( j )

Y QfGh , ``dG eCG O``dG Y e ``T YS dG `èGdG `è ( D )

? jdG

? dG d De Y J GPe (A)


n o pnj Gof nc (1) pI nY tdG n pe m nY n nL s p pH , p`` pdG n nT pnc r pe o shCG o rndG oCG n``rnj

. S o r ordH noa n rojh , n rSBG a

pe nrn nY (3)Gh oQ`` nZnCGh , pn pYG nndG ` nf pOG n rLnCG n` sjnCG , n r pe dEG o r`` ndG pA n oD ng

(2)``s nnJ r`` nnd

1IYdG dH G keCG dj e c gh , YGdG : OdG

. cdGh , eCGh , dc , SdGh

2 sJ. m oN a nN nO

3GhQZCG. Gg

. e a FGLh z SdG { X - 1

. W eCG z Q S { `d z SdG { jJ - 2

. IGdG V dG MJh , e AGeCG hJ - 3

. AGYCd MS jg - 5 . z MCG { IOH jdG Y Mj e L - 4


pI nrnH a Gh o n r nYh , ` s pb r sdG n nna noe BG `` u nof ne ndpEG oo rM nR n`` nU nh s nM , `` sdG

. (1) npH n o pn rnj k n pU nY ngo n nL nh , npH GoenbnCGh ( jQGhnCG )

r pe m`p nc ndpEG og oPoof sn reG s nM oMnjh ; n r pe po oT a no sN nnnj o r ndG pA n oD ng nCG nnHh

. p n p nc pn rVEGh , ppJ sob (3) pO n rNpEGh , pr sdG po oU pnb p rnJ n nY n p pe nY ,

(2) npF nL rQnCG

, ondG n renCG nob p rnj nh , (5) oJG nrbnCG

(4) no nrnj nh , nSsdG n o p rnj i pnd nh nj o r ndG pA n oD ng nG nQ

. pO npdG (7) pA nrfnCG n p nL (6) o r tdGh o nn rdG s nY sM ; og nAnrHnCG nh oO u nojh

nuj p r pdG pG nO nY pe (10) nh o n rnj G oMGQ rnH , pdP uH

(9)oA n nN tdG pA n oD ng pn rnj rndh

. n pW penCG z nQ rS { r pe n n rnj rnCG p p npH n nnH ns nM g ppd nnJ nh

og s nTnCG nh , pO``ppd kU rNpEG og nn rcnCG nh , n`` r pe pAG nneoCG i n``rbnCG m`` pn rb nh z nQ `` rS { nc nh

. pA nN tdG ppfLC nG pA n oD ng p r opd k nV nQoe

nn pW a dG (11)

nSG nranCG s pEG { : z nQ rS { ```d oonj k oS nQ pS o r ordG o p ne n`` nS rQnCG

ne o pS ro nna pG n rUCG p p ng r nY ``dG oSG nranCG s onJ rnd GPEGh , (12)( jQGhnCG ) a `` o pY roJ

. z (13) ng opoj

... (14) l pY nh nh lj p rnJ G n ng : pS o r ordG p p ne p oS npd kpFnb k pV nZ z nQ rS { n`` nna

m pe nFor nS ( njQGhnCG ) h ( nn pW ) nrnH ona ndGh , ( n` n pW ) a dG oSG nranCG (15)o`` o pY roJnCG

!? oj pnJ hnCG

1H j. H jh dEG j

2FLQCG. ( LQ : gOe ) , MGf

3ONEG. VEG : OGdG

4j. j

5GbCG. dG gh , b : OdG

6dG. ( VdG : OdG ) , dGh dG

7AfCG. ( rnf : gOe ) , L , fGL

8W. bCG BG fe

9ANdG. ( NdG : OdG ) , fLCG

10hj. Fj

11SGaCG : OdG ) , jdG SCG ``e SLCG SCGQ ``J ``SCGQ C G k``fh , ( S``a

. dG SGaCH S , SdG

12jQGhCG. e T a SdG UY

13gj. jh , gej

14Yhh jJ. ( dH Yh : OdG ) , dH QGfEG

15 YJ. J

(8)


: oonj pS o r ordG o oS nQ nO nY soK

. (1)G kQ u noeh G kQ pr oe n rnd pEG pn nS rQnCG G n npdh , n pr nL e oj pnJ ns fnCG i pu nS n p nY rnnd

uO nQ a p p rs pd ; pd nL ppH z nQ `` rS { n nn rLG s nM , S o r ordG o oS nQ n n`` nN pEG `` ne nh

rS { nS roj rnCH o oY np rLG nnrfGh . (2) pN nO m p rn roe r pe , ppH rn pnd psdG pnf ngpEG p p ng

mA n pd ndpEGh , p n p ndG r nL nh odG u nV nd pEG r og n oY rnpd ; on oS oQ , n r pe pAG nneoCG p p nL ndEG z nQ

. dG a mj pnnb

nAG npf G``` o p nS nCG n`` rnHh , p` ndG n`` rnH m n ne tinCG pr s pd r`` onj ``d osfnCG , n r pe oAG n` neoCG n n nT

. onJYOh z nQ rS {

. m pMGh n rnH G k pMGh pAG nneC oG nh oob (3) o psdG nn rYnCGh , i pnd nh nj pA n udG o rnj nA nLh

G kp nY n p nW nh ``a nIn nrdG nV rnf r` nd : oonj z nQ `` rS { nCG nnH oAG n`` neCG n`` nn rLG `` ne nr pYh

, n nV rQnCG o pn r njh , nf nQ n ranCG nh ` n nSoof nrn nY o p roj wh o nY n pa n s nnnj nCG n rnf r` nd nh , (4)

nA s pPnCG

. nn neG n nch nnJ s pY o u nojh , nf nAnrHnCG oo rnj nh

n p ne o p roJ r` nf nc n r nch , `` rsdG pSG n``ranCG n`` s pb `` prn nY tonj z nQ `` rS { nG nQ s` oK

. ( njQGhnCG ) a pS r odG

. z (6)i n nrdG n opd sdG (5) nR nh nnJ rnnd { : kpFnb ( oJoH ) o penCG n nna

. z G knH nCG nnf ngpEG p p ng nn rnf rnd { : ( n r pb ) o penCG nU nh

. z pO npdG p p ng r pe p pO r nWh pj pOr CnJ r pe soH n { : ( nr ne rQnCG ) o penCG n nU nh

. z ? onJ s oY p renCpd t pof n r nc { : onj z nQ rS { nO nY nh

r n pd , ( mnH n nY ) r pe o r n nL e s oc pA n nN tdG pA n oD ng pn p pd o unboC nS { : ( nr ne rQnCG ) o penCG n n na

. z pH nnfoH pQ noj e p r ppH onH pQ nof

1G kQ qe. ( koe , G k uoe : OdG ) , kae

2NO. jZ

3qdG. LdG : OGdG

4APCG. ( AGYCG : APCG Oe , dP : OdG ) , fe

5RhJ. qJh iJ

6idG. jdG , dG


pA n oD ng pn pb ` ndpEG o r nS rQnCG spEG k oL nQ (1)`` p n nWn oe a n orJnCG r` nd : ( nSh opHnCG ) o`` penCG n`` nU nh

. S o r ordG

l rb nh , m ne e (2) pnfG n pN a eh , i pOo oL sEG : z nQ rS { j : ( n r pb ) o penCG n nU nh

. pA n nN tdG pA n oD ng (3) pn pb n nY

. n pNh mG nrbnCG r pe prnd pEG n oLn rnJ eh , n nL udG o ond ouH nOoC nna nfnCG senCG : ( oJoH ) penCG nnbh

pn rnJ G n n ng .. n r pe nAG n`` ne oCG j o pa n pQoH : kpFb mFG nR mQh o oS a z nQ `` rS { n`` nUh

. noJ nOG nQpEG o sM nnnJ G n n ngh .. noao oU

, pn sdG pA`` ne ppH (4) kL n roe n`` n nS nh , sh o`` nY z nQ rS { o `` n tdG o`` p ndG nnQ`` nM

nn rcCG nrHG n s nT nh , pn sdG p`` nM nS nd pEG p pra nO pa rndG z o oM ` njpEG { p`` p nL rh npd n nc nh

soK , or pe n p sdG n`` s nW nh , S o r odG n nY n nnrfG nh , p r`` ndG pn nUG noe n nY z S``oe nc {

. p nW nh p ne r ppd onJn nM nS s nc i psdG z oMnCG { sdG oNnCG o nn nN nh , nua ooJ

G n ng a xi pr oL t och , p`` n sdG ndpEG nn pW pe , z n o rMnCG { pI nO` n p pH n`` r pe or nL n`` nM nRh

u tdG e nO npH nu nopd , r ppH (5) p r nrdG ndpEG l unn oe , pA n nN tdG pA n oD ng pA n pd l u nn oe r nrdG

. nrn nY (6)

ns nN i psdG pQ ndGh , nn pnd i psdG

n na prfG og n rnf n``na nrfG sM , pA n nN tdG pI`` nY tdG pA n oD nH ( n`` o rMnCG ) or nL `` nndG EG `` neh

. pr nU n nY (9) pQ ndG pr sdG nV n prfG prn nY

(8) snrfGh , (7) pp nj pna n rnf p nSC nG

. p sdG ndpEG pQG n pdG nr nZ oA n nN tdG pA n oD ng r pnj d p n pMG sdG po tdG p p ng n nenCGh

1We. MCG dG dG

2fGN. ( FGN : dG ) , r ndG e fGdG

3 Y bh

b

. dG dd : OGdG

4 kLe. ve , k se

5dG. dG , dG

6sN. ( c : OdG ) , S - nZ

7ja : dG ) , G``dG e dG ``Sj e

. ( FGa

8fG. g

9QdG dG. dc , SdG dG

````````


o p ne nY nna . ( jQGhCG ) r`` p p r oe p`` n pU nY `` pe n nnrbG ` sM r`` og oO pQ noj `` o rMnCG nG nQ nh

; n nr tdGh (2)n ndGh ndG prn nY

(1) n n rZnCG i psdG ti p r prdG opH sdG gh - ( nJG oS ) pS o r ordG

(4) pnf nM rnnd : pS o r odG pI`` nY tdG o p ne ond nnbh - pO npdG p p`` ng p r oM a ond (3)kf r nY n`` on pd

. m ne r ppH nnd n pa oonJ psdG o n rsdG

? i pu nS j g oj poJ e r pN osjnCG : ( opJG oS ) n n na

o p rn rnJ nrf nCGh , n o rMnCG pQ r nU ndpEG (5) orH u nU nh n nr prdG G n ng r oN : pS`` o r odG o p ne n n na

. p rndG G n ng nG nrHnCG ond on rnJh

. (6)nI n n r ordG nj p ndG p p ng n n ranCG rnd : ( oJG oS ) prn nY sO nna

m oL nQ r pe nndnj ? n o rMnC n``j p sdG n ng r oc kpFG nO pd r oc rnJ rndnCG : o``onj o pdG G n ng nO`` nna

!! m u noe pP nc

os pndh , or pe oU n ndG nne `` n pa pd o pnj nc nh , o og n rcnCG psf pEG : oonj ( o``pJG n oS ) sO n``na

o ocnCG n (8) p nr prdG G n npH oo rnnb G nPpEna , n p p nL pO npr pd G kpFnb nh , nu oc n r ppd (7)G k re nQ nn rUnCG nBG

.. pe rnbh i pO npHh , p nWh ndpEG o r sLh rnb o ocnCG rH , p p rnf z o rMnCG { `d nH r sdG o r sLh rnb

. mA r nT u oc n rnb wi r pe psfpEG

a mA r nT s oc (10) no rn ne nCG rnH

(9) pod o rnJ ns fnCG t oXnCG or oc ne : nnb nh , o nSrCG nQ o pdG s nna

. n nr tdGh n ndGh ndG : pIn nrdG

l nL nh l``e (11)od p rnj n p pO n``ppd ui p`` rrdG s`` oM sEG : k``Fb o`` nSrCG nQ ( o``pJG n oS ) n``na nna

. l nr oS nh

1ZCG. AdG a cCG

2dG. QdGh , ddG

3kf rY. ( kPN : OdG ) , G kfe , G kYe

4fM. ALh qM

5H uU. rO uS

6IdG. ( n ndG : OdG ) , pdG , dG

7G keQ. ( ReQ : dG ) , IQTEG - eY

8dG. ( LN : dG ) , rj s ndG hP dG

9dJ : O``dG ) , ``fhJ , ``Y ``J

. ( fJ - fYJ

10e. YCG

11d pj. jhj


nr nZ pS o r odG o`` p ne r pn rnj rnd , pnb pO sdG p` s p nW ndGh , (@) pr tdG pI nOG nQpEG p p`` ng n`` nenCGh

. nJ nCG or nM r pe nO nY nh , qi p r pdG pr ndG p rL nh r pe , p n nrdG

n n p ndG n n nL rnCG n rnH , pA n nN tdG nj p ordG pA n oD ng r pe ns oc nj pdG n r pe ( o o rMnCG ) nnrfnCG nh

. nO o odGh no tdG n sM nh nh

@dG. ( dG - dG : OdG ) , dG , jdG

. pp t nnJ nh pA n nN tdG tZ nnpH pMoj p rnJ : z npF nL rQnCG r pe mp nc ndpEG g oPoof sn reG { -

. qhndG p ne nhn oe I s pT nh , r pe pr nT IQnK pI s ppH pMoj p rnJ : z p n p nc pn rV pEG nh , pJ qob O n rNpEG { -

. pJh on nL nh , p nWh IG no dG r opH pMoj p rnJ : z ndG n re nCG nob p rnj nh , nJG nrbnCG no nrnj { -

. qh pnr pd r oHh , pFn p rSGh r sdG tKnCnJ pI s ppH pMoj p rnJ : z o n sdG nh o nn dG s nY { -

. n roj lAnpH nsfnC nc nh , p neG n ndG nh pI s p pd l p rnJ pIQn pdG pa : z n neG n nc nh nJ s pY u noj { -

, pr tdG p G n` rfn CG u o pd qhndG G n`` rp rSpH pMoj l p nL ``p rnJ : z i n ndG n`` opd sdG nR nh`` nnJ `` nnd { -

. z nnd { `pH sc nDoe o rSC oG nh

. p np rSC nG I nra nh nh , r pe pr oL pO n nY pI nr n pH pMoj p rnJ : z n r pe or nL n nM nR { -

. qh ondG pI nOnHpEG n nY QG n rU pEG nh , `` r pe pr nL `ne nhn oe pI s ppH ` pMoj l` p nL p rnJ : z ` ppH p r ndG ndpEG unn oe { -

o opH uh ondG ``n nY p pe o og pa ( o rMnCG ) I s``ob p rnJ : z p nj pna n rnf p`` nSCG n ``na prfG n``na nrfG { -

. np nSG n nT nh p nc n r ndG pI s ppH pMoJ I nQ tdG nh , pp nj pna n nY p nSCG

pAG n rYC nG npJ pr ndG n na prfG Q s nnJ n na , l p nL ln nN : z pQ ndG pr sdG nV n prfG snrfG { -

. mn pg roe m nY r oS pa uh ondG n nY qn rnJ ksj pnb k nM pQ nL G kQo oW

. p nW ndpH pRG np rYG i n npH pMoj , z spEG { `pH sc nDoe o rSoCG : z qi p r pe psfpEG { -

q oM i n npH pMoj nh , z spEG { ```pH sc nDoe o rSoCG : z .. l ne d p rnj pO n``ppd qi p`` rdG s`` oM spEG { -

. p rLnCG r pe pf nJ nh , pp nW npd qi p r pdG


( jQG nh nCG ) I``rnH pa Gh o n r nY nh , `` r pe n nY Gh oQ nZnCG , pI`` nY tdG e l`` nY` n nL : oS`` o rdG

o nch , nSsdG G onXh , ond k n pUY goLh , s pb sdG p nna noe pa - nBG - nLoJ sdG

, pO npdG pA``L rQnCG s oc ndGh o`` n sdG s nY s nM ; ``uj p r pdG ``n nY ``j unnJ nh , `` opFG nL

. n pW penCG ( Q rS ) p ne pe Gh o p nS rCG ppH oICG odG pn nnH rnH

nn nW nh , m pY nh nh mj p rnJ nd nS pQ , n r pe pAG nneoCG i nrbnCG ( Q rS ) ndpEG I nY tdG p ne n`` nS rQ nCG r`` n na

. p pr nL pe nj pnj snCG nh , p pL nY rRpEG r nY rsdG oSG nranCG s onJ rnCG or pe

, nf ngEG p p ng uO nQ pa p`` p rs pd ppd nL ppH n nn rLG nh , G kj p nT k n nZ n`` p nZ nh , ( nQ rS ) nQ` nK

n nY pA nn pd ; n p ndG rL nh o tdG u`` nV ndpEG og oY rnj , n r pe pAG nneoCG p p nL ndpEG n`` nS rQnCG nh

. ke nr oe kA nnb pA n nN tdG

oI n tdG prn nY `` n oV p rnj `` psdG tdG nIn nM nh , ` nf ngEG n r pJ G`` ona nQ nh , n`` r pe oAG n`` neoCG `` nnrdG nh

. m n pS nM m nc n r npd rndG u oc j p rn pH n r pe pAG nneoCG o p nL nY nh nh , opd sdG

pA n oD ng pnH nQ n opd n r pe r nL nOnb nh , o oQh o oS nOG nR nh , n r pe pAG nneoCG p oh nnpH ( nQ rS ) n sMnQ

. pQ n ndG i n rMpEG pa nn nS osfnCG spEG ; pA n nN tdG pI nY tdG

nnd n nc n nc , pn`` sdG p nM nS ndpEG n pL rh nR pra nO `` pa o rndG ( nQ rS ) `` nL rh npd n nc r``nb nh

n pe p sdG n`` s nna , p r ndG pn nUG noe ``n nY ( Soe nc ) ` n rcCG nprHG p``` p rnJ pa o`` rndG

. pAG n rYCG

. pp nW nh p ne r ppd nJn nM S s nc i psdG ( o rMnCG ) oNnCG ppJna nh n rnH ( Soe nc ) n n nN soK

ndpEG pQG nndG nr nZ oA n nN tdG pA n oD ng pnj rnd nh , I n n r oe k nj p ng nI nY tdG p rnj rnCG ( o rMnCG ) n nn rSG nh

. p p r oe p n pU nY r pe n nnrbG s nM ; og oO pQ noj ( o rMnCG ) s nX nh , p n sdG

n u noj rnCG ( pJG nS ) qi p r pdG ppH sdG `` pe nn nna , pnfn pdG p n pS nd pEG pI nY tdG o p ne nC`` nnd nh

, onn rne nna nQ nh pI nY tdG n p ne n n nN qi p`` r pdG npH sdG snCG spEG , ( o rMnCG ) pQ nU ndpEG G k`` nr pN

. l ne d p rnj n pp nW npd qi p r pdG s oM snCG pp nW npd q p odG pH sdG G n ng ond nsnH nh

. A n nN tdG j p p odG pA n oD ng pe nq oc n nj pndG n r pe ( o rMnCG ) nnrfnCG pd npH nh


(1)

? GPdh ? G rJCG jCG eh ? SdG Y J GPe 1S

; e dEG GJCG bh . SBG a j Gfch , dG e GJCG IYdG ``e ``YL : SdG

. c VEGh , Jb ONEGh , idG dG U bdh ; fT a Nd

? e SdG M c 2S

aVEGh , AHCG jJh , bdGh , dGh , dGh , dG SH e SdG ``M

. gdJh jdG GOY e hj GMGQ dP dEG

? JG idG QGdG eh ? e AGeCG H j CH eCGh ( Q S ) Z GPd 3S

a YJ dG SGaCG EG : d j dEG kSQ SdG e SQCG eY Q S Z

LG Gdh . gj e ``Sa GUCG g Y dG SGaCG ``J ``d GPEGh , `jQGhCG Z ANdG j dh , ``LdG QGb Ja , fgEG ``g OQ a ``d ``FGeCH Q S

. ( jQGhCG ) e UY e bG M gOQj MCG GQh . dG dEG QGdG

. Y je SCG (@) `H bdG SCG (1)

. pd sdG pI tdGh , p pe sdG IG no r pd ka n ng kpFG nO nf nc o r pe - 1

. npd n nP pEG nh , po tdG pG nh nnK p n r p rSGh , p rsdG ndpEG o p rnj o p rn r odG - 2

. p nW ndG psj u oM n nY pa noj nh , pIG no dG p n nLG n opd i s nnnj i psdG n og op r odG opF ndG - 3

pa og oQ ph noj nh , pI n``r pdG nh pi rCG ndG i ph n``pH pn rnj nH , p``pjrCG npH tpn rnj n `` p ndG `` pc ndG - 4

. p reC nG

oI sob nh , pr ndG pOG n rYpEpH onjn pdG nh , n p ndG o r nL nh , u`` sdG oI n rMh : rsdG peG n nY u ngnCG r`` pe - 5

. p n ndG o oV oh nh , pI nOG nQpEG

hCG SGQdG dG `` iOGYEG fdG d HdG dG a dG 20? dH b eh ? ( JG oS ) HdG Y J GPe 4S

dGh dG Y GbZCa , d c eGSG SdG OGQCG ie HV ( ``JG n oS ) @ . OdG M a d kfY d ; dGh

a dSG Y MCG QU a dH Jb HV LJ W a J ``dH ``bh @ GPEG : dH SdG ``e Y OQh , IdG ``jdG H dG aQ ``dh , ``dG dEG Le J H , ``Y IQe Z bdG f a J MCG ``dEG HdG ``Lh

. AT dj Od idG Mh , AT c b ie fCGh , ebh iOHh Wh

, ``dG dEG QGdG Z ANdG ADg j d , idh j MGdG ``dG g eCGh { 5S

. z ( jQGhCG ) e UY e bG M gOQj ( MCG ) GQh

z UY { Lh , z ANdG { Oeh , z bG { Oeh , z QGdG { OGe : g ( C )

. Ie L a

? GJG jCG dEGh ? Gh ta GPdh ? AN tdG ne ( D )

? cdG g f LGh eh ? YGdG fOGLCG d cJ GJ gnCG e (A)

. AdG U e cdG e hdG : hdG : z QGdG { OGe @ ( C ) . AdG Afb Y dG HG : HG : z bG { Oe @

. WdG eCG Oj NdG hdG Gg : NdG : gOe z ANdG { @. gQEG jJ ddG UGY : UGY : z UY { L @

bh . MCG L e H p roj dG GhCGQ eY Gh ta bh , SdG g : ANdG ( D ) jdG H a L M MCG Jh ( jQGhCG ) e UY dEG G``JG

. MdG IMhh , dG ``Lh , Od idG ``M : YGdG fOGLCG d ``cJ GJ ``gCG (A) cdG g Y af CG : LGh eh . dG fc e hdG Ibd ; ``dG f LGh ie c Yh , Wh dG GZ e GPEG IMGh G kj f CGh , u ndG

. dP dEG pY oO e GPEG bh iCG a cCG LdG Y jO Dj CG j , Wh

: JCj a SGbCG H e dG HLEG NG 6S

( SdG Fb - SdG Fb - idG dG Fb ) : MCG ( C )

( jdG - dG - SdG ) : U g MGdG dG ( D )

. jdG ( D ) . idG dG Fb ( C )


: ( D ) OdG e Sj H ( C ) OdG a e cCG 7S

( C )( D ) kdX SdG M c d ( C )

Ib e jj ( Q S ) c ( D )

kYLG ( Q S ) Y (A)

dG SGaCG b ( Q S ) OYCG ( E )

L ( MCG ) Ob ( F )

kHV ( JG n oS ) c ( h )

. SdG e OdG Qd L -. e AGeCG c Md -

. e c a jdG Y QK -. dG a qhdG LGd -

. b eCG -. d AGeCG Y -

. e j ke -

. e c a jdG Y QK kdX SdG M c d ( C )

. SdG e OdG Qd L Ib e jj ( Q S ) c ( D )

. e AGeCG c Md kYLG ( Q S ) Y (A)

. ud AGeCG Y dG SGaCG b ( Q S ) OYCG ( E )

. dG a hdG LGd L ( MCG ) Ob ( F )

. e j ke kHV ( JG n oS ) c ( h )

; ``dG e Y GhQZCG , ``YGdG fOGLCG ``jCG , ``e dEG dG AD``g ``J ``d { 1S

, ( jQGhCG ) IH a GhYh , bdG ae BG f e dEG MR Uh M

. z H j UY gLh , H GebCGh

: j d SdG H e dG HLEG sJ ( C )

( G sM - Gg - GhQhJ - G sJ ) : z GhQZCG { e - 1

( QdG - dG - SdG - fEG ) : g dG A Dg - 2

? G rJCG jCG eh ? e dEG dG A Dg Ae J npH ( D )

? dP j nYh ? jdG dG A Dg eY c (A)

. dP Vh .. jSh qhdG fgEG e AGeCG aQ d ( E )


hO``jh , dGeCG b``jh , JGbCG jh , SdG j i``dh j AD``g GQ { 2S

. z OdG AfCG L dGh dG qY M ; gAHCG

. iNCG L a z AfCG { Oeh , J e Ie L a z dG { Oe V ( C )

jdG GO``Y e h``j GMGQ ``H , dP ``H ANdG A D``g ``j ``d ( D )

. dP Vh . gdJh

? NO e e jdH d dG fgEG OQ a ( Q S ) qa c (A)

cdG a ( Q S ) dG dG LhR ( M jEG ) H eb idG QhdG e ( E )

? dP j Yh ? ANdG e

Gg a iL ch , ``dG dEG ( W ) e , ( MCG ) IO``H ``e L ``MRh { 3S

dG e OH d ; H dG ``dEG e , ANdG ADg Ad e ``dG

. z Y qN idG QdGh , H d idG

: dG e dG HLEG VH JCj e cCG ( C )

............... : z qN { Oe @ ............... : z dG { OGe @

. BG W e ............... @ ............... : z ANdG { Oe @

? ( Q S ) dG d SdG e dSQ e e ( D )

? SdG e dSQ ( Q S ) SG c (A)

? dG Gg Mj npH : z H dG dEG e { ( E ) @

SCG afG gf afG M , ANdG IYdG ADH ( MCG ) L dG EG eh { 4S

. z U Y QdG dG VfG Y fGh , ja f

: j d SdG H e dG HLEG NG ( C )

( d - g - se - b ) : z fG { e @

( Qh sdG - Shh sdG - udG - gdG ) : z MQdG QdG { e @

( SGa - SQGa - SGaCG - FGa ) : z ja { L @


e , dG Z IQdG eCG ( ) eYh , ``dG IQdG eCG ( ) eY ``V ( D )

: CdG jJ

( ) . e AGeCG TCGh ibCG e ( Q S ) c @( ) . ( MCG ) L eCG dG dEG QGdG Z ANdG A Dg j d @

? f fc GPeh ? cdG QGO c (A)

? j Yh ? dG Gg Mj npH : z ja f SCG afG gf afG { ( E ) @

S``dG e ``Ya .. `è `ÙY `è ``bG ``M ``gOQj ( ``MCG ) GQh { 5S

. z .. dGh dGh dG Y ZCG idG idG HdG ( JGS )

: j a dG e HdG HLEG V ( C )

............... : e T c b d De @............... : z ZCG { e @ ............... : soJ e UY @

............... : z bG { Oe @ ............... : z dG { `H OGdG @ : ? J npH ( D )

. ( JGS ) Y dG SdG e GZEG Ic @. fdG S dEG SdG e Ad @

. ( JGS ) idG HdGh , SdG e H QGO idG QGdG d (A)

e dG Z SdG e j d , bOdG WdGh dG IOGQEG g eCGh { 6S

. z JCG M e OYh , idG dG Lh

: j e HdG IQdG e g ( C )

. z dG { c Oe @ . z jdG { c OGe @: ? d j c GPe ( D )

. SdG e e W e ( JGS ) idG HdG sf @. ( Q S ) dG dG L eY , e AGeCG H dG O @

? qhdG e ce N e ( MCG ) J npH (A)

? dP e OdG SQdG eh ? ANdG Y dG ( MCG ) M c ( E )


aH ( jQGhCG ) IH dEG MR Uh M YGdG fOGLCG jCG e Y dG A Dg QZCG d { 1. z H j UY gLh , bdG

: SdG H e dG HLEG J ( C )( dG - IdG - AdG ) : Y J z MR { - 1( H HQj - H j - a j ) : z H j { e - 2

? H GhSG M dG A Dg a GPe ( D )? ddG g W eCG f c ( IdG gCG j dG cdG ) (A)

] dG SCG IQGOEG - SCG ae [

. z fQaCGh Sf Y j hY a j CG f dh , APCG G kY Wh a IdG Vf d { 2: SdG H e dG HLEG NG ( C )

( ke ddGh dhCG - aGf - af - f ) : z Vf { OGe - 1( dP - dP - P ) : z APCG { Oe - 2( GhY - GhGY - AGYCG ) : z hY { L - 3

? SdG eh ? HdG IQdG Fb e ( D )? dSQ SdG e LCG e SQCG idG dG dG e (A)

] dG S IQGOEG -jS H ae [

a dG Lhd ch , dG AeH kLe Sh , hY ( Q S ) dG dG QM { 3. z dG UGe Y cCG HG Th , dG MS dEG aO

: j a dG e dG HLEG V ( C )....... : cCG HG SGh , ........ : ( Q S ) LhR SG - ........ : z kLe { e -

? bdG Gg z Q S { LGh ch ? z Q S { d SdG e dSQ e e ( D )? Y dG z MCG { M ch ? jdG ANdG A Dg eY c (A)

] dG H IQGOEG - dG c ae [

Ad e dG Gg a iL ch , dG dEG W e ( MCG ) IOH e L MR { 4. z Y sN idG QdGh , d idG dG e OH d ; H dG dEG e , ANdG A Dg

: SdG H e dG HLEG NG ( C )( dG - tsdG - IdG ) : Oe z dG { - 1( N sdG - N tdG - tNdG ) : gOe z ANdG { - 2( be - GAdEG - GAd ) : L z Ad { - 3

? ( MCG ) j CG aQ idG idG HdG SG e ( D )] dG W T IQGOEG - HdG ae [ ? z JGS { HdG Y J GPe (A)


(3)S rodG ond rh nO r` nf nch , (2)

nQ`` oTBG o` nd rh nO (1) r nYG nnJ pOdG n```rnb pH` sdG p r` ndG ``a

, n r pe p oN opH oo rnj (5)( op rnb ) nCG n` nH nh ,

(4) pn pYG nn ordG psj pQ oWG repEG p p npd ns pY r sdG n` nj pQ ndG

. ndhoCG (6)ond r ndG ond rnf nch , n r pe n nY H n ng G kp nc kr nL t poj nG nna

1YGJ. S

2QTBG dhO. vdM GdG fe

3SdG dhO. vdM GjEG

4YGdG. dGh QfH fPBGh , YJ dG

5b. e Y M Fbh , SdG e

6ddG. dG : OGdG

. jdGh dG dEG Cj z b { - 2 . e Y SdG g - 1. dEG z b { dSQ aj jdG - 3

. N IeG DH j CH Y hj z b { LQ - 4. IeG DdG jh , j z b { - 5

. e jJ - 7 . OH Qjh IeG DdG j e T - 6


, (2) pJSGh p ``na udG n nY (1) n o u noe `ùj pdG snCG pS r`` odG nd pEG oAnrfnCG pnA`` nLh

. ppd n dG n r pe V rQnCG e mr` pT uc a ppF n ndG nn rcnCG (3)

nS rodG Gh ou noj nCG n nY nh t poeh

, (4)( n ne ) n rnf n psnJ nCGh , n p nS p p rnpH nne nCa , p nj p ndGh p nSn udG ndEG nC nrnj nCG op rnb nOG nQnCG

n p rsdG or pe kpd nW , rndp EG uj p r prdG n``p r noj nc (5) nj pQ nU rna kn pa nnaQh , mOoe `` nrn nYh

, i n rNoCG dpEG mnj rnb e o pnrnJ on p sdG p p ng r n nNnCGh ... r nT hnCG mrnb pr nZ eh , m r nM pr nZ r pe

. ( n r ne ) ndpEG rn nUh sM , nj r tdGh (7) p r pdG pG n nnpH

(6) nnfou noj ntj p r prdGh

oonj knd nSQ rnd pEG op rnb n nS rQnCG , (8)kf rR nh nnd n o poj uj p rdG snCG oS rordG n`` nLh `` sndh

(10) n n nM ... `` onJ nQjR tOhnCG u f pEa , (9)`` o pe nZ rQpE o rndpEG ro rcnCG ``d ... o rnb ` nfnCG { : `` n pa

. sndpEG G rnd nnJ ... qndpEG nQ o odG oJ rO nQnCG G nPpEG , o rnY

. BG pH nos nnnJ s pe nn rcnCG G k rne (11) o on rn nS i psdG nfnCG

Gof o na .. pEGh , ond G kr nN G n ng n nc pnd pEG o r nn rSG G nPpEna , o rn nY oj pPoCGh G n ng o rndpEG oo rcnCG

. z nu oc V rQnCG ou nS u fpEG . o pShoA oQ n nY trn nS i psdG nZ pInb opd j un roe

n nY rnH , uj rdG pj nY `è r p roJ d ( n rnb ) o oS nQ n nYG nPnCG sdG o``d nS udG p p`` ngh

jrCG nQ snn rSGh , o n rnj n pa nhoQh nnnj Gh o nNnCGh , p nS n nM n nY k nS n nM orJ nOG nR ; r ndG

n nch ( p rnb ) n oS nQ G`` onH rnj nCG or ordG OG nQnCG nh . p rsdG pn nW pra nQ ``n nY p ndG p`` np nH

1 ue. eRY , h t poe

2JSG. adG a dGh dG

3SdG Ghj. dG gjh , gj

4e e BG ``feh , `` kjb `è `ÙY

. ( IdG ae ) TQdH gQ

5iQdG. H GdG Y j dG a j OY

6fj. fj

7dG. dGh IhGdG

8kfRh d j . j : OdG

9eZQEG. fgEGh , cQLEG

10M . d

11S. S


, pj p nM a l p nM ; `` p rof a lp roe w pc nP l oL nQ n ogh ( oQ`` o rToj ) nY roj l r nT `` onrnH

ond G o n` rnj nCHh , n` oS sdG G````oo rnj snCpH og` nU rhnCa ; prndpEG (2) p rtdG pAG n`` rSpE

(1)o``n sgnCG s pe

u` pSQndG ; pdG ndpEG mj p rnJ pnd` nS ppH `` krjnCG r og Go nrnj nCG n nY , pu nS ndpEG kpd nS nO`` onj nC```pH

: n pa nA nL

, m npH o ng rnj ` nd oS nQ n rc nnJ rnnd ( o``p rnb ) (4) oj p rY udG

(3) o` n ndG ntjnCG n``rnd pEG o` o rnf

n r nna (7)` n n r oS

(6)oJ rnKBG G nPpEG r`` nnd nh . pI ndG ``f ppd nn pH (5)G kQ npraG ` nH , r pe ``ka r nN

. r o pH no pYna o rnf e n on rnJ

, p nc rQnCGh (9) ppF nY sdG (8)nI n sW noe no r ne rneG nO eh , n pgH o pnJ oQ nrfnCG p`neG nO ``eh

. n pH t pn nS ne ( op rnb ) j on rnJ n r nna

: r og o nMnCG ond n n na , nd nL pQ n nW , nuj r pdG nd nS pQ np rnb nu nS s nSh o oS sdG nO nY sndh

... uj p r prdG `` pL noJ ; ho`` odG n nY n` oH sQ noe ntj p rdG : o``p rnb o`` pdG `` ntjnCG

kj p nM noK s nnnjh , n r pe r nY r pa pSH noK s nnnjh pOpdG pA nrfnCpH noa onj k oS oQ prndpEG r`` pS rQnCG

nI n r pa n proJ sM ; pS nh oO (12) m npd nh a Go pn rnj nCG nr sdG H

(11) nh oTnoj (10) k o rne

nQ nU rnb nNBG G ku nS n og s nCG og ou nS i nn nna , (13) oo r nT nn rLG G nPpEna , pg p p rnJ Y p r ndG

. oOpdG nnd o n rnJ dHh , oSrCndGh o r ndG prn nY pdn rnna , renCG p pnpH

1gCG. v peh , G kjL L

2dG AGSEG. dG jJ

3dG , O uO``dG , A``TCd ` o ndG , ``dG

. ( AdG : dG )

4jYdG. dG jT

5G kQaG. kXJh kgJ

6JKBG. JNGh , a

7S. Z

8IWe e : FYdG IWe . nsnK : A``dG Wh. SGQ jb iCG , FYdG

9FYdG j idG dG SSCG gh , eY pO L SGQ jb : FYdG I qWe eh . Y

.

10ke kjM. G kM kjM

11hTj. dj

12dh. ( Fh : dG ) , W

13T. L


pS nSn CG n nY , p npd ndG p p ng n ren CG uj p rdG no unoj n oS oQ n rS rQnCGh , p n psdG p p ng ndpEG op rnb n nn rSG

nCG rC nTnCG dh , n ndG G n ng o o`` rn nS sU nN QoeoCH nrndpEG (1) nranCG i psdG o r nY r pa n og `` nnd n`` pYG sdG snCG

o po nna , Q o odG nY nn reG eh . o porfnCH Gh o o rnJ nCG or sna nH , npfrC nH o rndpEG o rcnCG

. prnH rgnCG n nYh prn nY pdpEG onpf t pn nna , o rnjh (2)unoj e senCGh , o n nZh pdpEG on rnd

, ppH njpEd pFG n rYnCG e (3)lI n p ne n pd nP snCG G o p nY H , pn ppH tj p rdG p p nrnj ``dh

n` nZh n nnnah , n``r ne nd pEG pJG soH op rnb `` nsJa , np rnb npH G``onHbh , nTo odG Gh o`` n nna

(4) n pN sdG G n ng o pVnoj s`` nn rSG nsf pEGh , r o rnj dh r pnj ``d n`` r sdG snCG pEG , ( ``pJ` nrHnCG )

. o oe phnojh

, (6)n pF nS k n rod nn rU nCG n pe snCGh , ond (5)

snn rSG b n r pe ``a renCG s nCG oS rodG s`` nXh

(7)G rnHnCGh , QG n rMnCG p nrHnCG ne nhn oe oe phnoj G oMG nQ uj p rdG s pndh .. ond kn r nS njna hnCG

. p ndG pQSG G n ng uX a pAh o odG ndpEG (8)Go nc rnj rnCG

n pgG n ndG pGppH (10)

o p n rnJ ``g oQh o oUh , p pH sdG n r pe p r npH (9) oprnJ ` ooHo ob r` nfc

, (11)j pO u nn oe jpFnK p rLh a m`MGh m oL nQ n ne rnb noeonj ppH G nPpEa , p p r ordG G n npd p r pdGh

. s n ordG u r sdG pn pdG e n pn r oe mn r oT dpEG udG ni pOGh God s nM sM

. i n rNoCG n rnH I sne kpd nP or sdG o sO nQ , r pe n nY n rM sdG pS rodG o p ne nO nh nY ns och

1aCG. s nMh NCG

2 j. ( aj : OdG ) , j

3Ie. je dGh , jN

4NdG. ( ANdG : dG ) , dG LCG

5SG. SG

6FS. Ij , S

7G rnHCG. ( GoaGh : OdG ) , GaQ

8Gocj. Gqj , Gj

9J. ( bJ : OdG ) , J

10J. ( J : OdG ) , Jh J

11jOe : OdG ) , QGUEGh OY a dG : OdG

. ( FW


keG n pc pg pOG n rLnCGh pFnHBG nT r nY tj p rdG (2) nCG snnJh , SQna

(1) p rnH e o r pe Qs nnJh

ksj pQ oWGepEG `` opa noj , knj nW npS G``t nX H , l r nV h lSrC` nj onH nUnCG `` nna , (3)

nAG s`` pYnCG

. e Gh oQ s nnJ nh sh ondG Gh oO n nW sM ; pn pdc (5) nh o pe nU ogh ,

(4) pA nL rQnCG n n pSGh

1H. ( MdG : OdG ) , dGh IdG : dG

2CGJ. H bCGh f : dG CGJ

3AGYCG. ( APCG : OdG ) , AjbCG

4ALQCG. LQ : OdGh , MGdG

5heU - e : O``dG ) he ``HK. ( dPe

. S rodH nj p ndG p nrdpEG n nY pU r prdG nh , pI nOG nQpEG pI so pH pMoj , l p nL p rnJ : z ... nS rodG Gh ou noj nCG nh t poe { -

. pFnj pr pc nh z p rnb { pQh o oZ pI s ppH pMoj , p nL nLoe p rnJ : z n oc pV rQnCG u nS u fpEG { -

, p p pY nh nh , pp n nZ nh z p rnb { j p rnJ pI s pT n nY t onj ``p rnJ : z o pShoA oQ n nY t nrn nS i psdG `` p n nZ { -

. uj p rdG pShoA oQ n nY t noj kA ne n nn dG G n ng Q s nnJ rn na

, p porfnCpH uj p rdG p n p pH pMoj , pY nh nh j p rnJ o rSoCG : z pH q pn nS ne p rnb nj on rnJ n nS { -

. rn nY Q nprfG pe g tcnCnJ nh , I sob u o pH qhndG p n nLG n opd g pOG np rSG nh

, k r nS G kr nU nh , sj p nW mr oN nI r pc n r pe s nnJ n na , l p nL o rSoCG : z n r nS nj pna rhnCG , n pF nS n rod { -

. o nS n r nZ nh oDhnj pr pc ond ng nQ s nU n nc nh , z p rnb { sgnJ n nc

o rS oCG nh , pr tdG p G nrfnCG u o pd qhndG G n rp rSpH pMoj l p nL p rnJ : z i n ndG n opd sdG nR nh`` nnJ `` nnd { -

. z nnd { `pH sc nDoe

ns nnJ n na , p nW npd uj p rdG u oM pI s ppH pMoj , l p nL lp rnJ : z r pe p r npH oprnJ ``oHo ob ` nf nc { -

. np n n nY nh nu opH oprnJ nHo ob n nL s pe , uj p rdG ph o oY pa i p rnJ kA ne pO n r pe n rne

pn pgG n nc nh uj p rdG r pM nh pr oH i n npH pMoj , l p nL lp rnJ : z n pgG n ndG G nppH p n rnJ goQh o oU { -

. pHo ob pa o sLnCnnJ ln pn roe lQnf r odG G n ng s nC nc nh , p pUn dG qh onr pd

. n ne u oc ndpEG pI nQ rsdG pnd p oU opH pMoj lp rnJ : z n pn r oe mn r oT ndpEG pudG ni pOG nh God s nM { -

pn pdG pn nc k pSG nQ vj pnb nJnnK nh uj p rdG nO o oU n n nL rn na , l p nL ln nN : z n prd nc h o`` pe nU { -

. q tdG


kL YCa ( OdG b HdG dG a ) n r pe pH oj ( b ) S`òdG o`è c

. G o pj d jdG CG EG , e o og a nfGh , e Y H ngh G kc

e Wh , jdG n``p noj CG ha , j p ndGh `` pdG dEG oCj b L `è

. M h oO dG

b L e , pdG pGfh j p rdH dP GHbh , on rne G oaQ ``jdG CG EG

d oSQ HpH G t ngh , oSM n``TCGh , jdG Z dP OGa , j pdG dEG oC``j

. p pu nd G kjJh G kjnJ dSQ G sMh , dP Y GodY K , dEG

CG gh , N ``H og oMCG Y Q``TCa , eCG a gj ``dLQ ( ``b ) ``L

n r pe Ya SH ogYjh , G kr oM kj nM dEG o sj e jdG dEG ( b ) Sj

pd o nYLG j ( Hg ) dEG CG s opH , ( S hO ) npd nh a Go rj CG dEG

. H oeCG pj NBG G kS d CG oj dP Yh , o oSf

npd Y jdG ``dEG nJYO qLh ``dHh , nSGh , I``d b n``SG

. Ya

( e ) dEG JG dh , m nc H ( b ) GHbh , nI neG DdG Goc jdG CG EG

. pn rnj nd nr sdG snCG spEG , ( pJ nrHnCG ) n nZ nh , nah

nO npdG Q s nMh , SdG Y ``nb M , qdG oMch , odpf qTG H , `` oj ``dh

. pg pQh o oT pe

. pOGLCGh AnHBG TY a oQGMCG g oDhHCG HJh , oe QJh


(1)

? dP e idG dG be eh ? d SdG MG sJ e 1S

fch , QTBG dhO YGJ CG ``H , OdG b HdG dG a d S``dG MG s``J

, e Y H gh kL b qYCa , jQWGeEG d Y`dG `jQdG g S`dG ``dhO , MG GH Vj ``dh , `j d idG dG CG sEG , ``dhCG ddG ``d ``fch

. M hO dG e Wh jdG j CG hMh , dG dEG Cj b L e

? idG dG IQK ( b ) NCG c 2S

, JQjR a Zj fEG : a j `d`SQ SQC`a , idG dG dEG O qOj CG b h`M

jY e dSdG ``g J dh , dG ``g J ``dh , Q``dG GhOGQCG GPEG ``M h. jdG

? e idG dG be eh ? jd dh ( b ) U GPd 3S

QU b NBG G kS g CG Hh , S hO dEG ``jdG Oj M , dh b ``U

Ia HCG b j dHh , SCdGh dG Y j dP gS ij eYh , eCG H. d OdG J Mh , dG


. n r pe n nY p nS p sdG qh ondG p n n nM oQG n rp rSG - 1

. np rMd o ne nhn oe nh qi p rdG r sdG oO o oU - 2

. p nj p ndGh p r ndG pd nSnC j p p rn rdG A ood - 3

. Q n rp rSG pY nnCG o r nc nh , o nnnj nh qi p rdG r sdG n r pa - 4

. m pnf nh m nZ o pH k u noe , g pj p rnpH pH nY r nZ , I sob u o pH nI n tdG pLG noj qi p rdG r sdG - 5

. peh o rne pO npdG pe Oo oL nh LG n rNpEG nh , o rnb nh , z np rnb { n pZ sdG n nY uj pdG Q nprfG - 6


, H jEd FGYCG `è Ie fCG dG Y ``H , H idG dG ``j ``dh. SdG e e QM M Vjh hj dG SGh

? jdG hdG a J fc dG SCG e 4S

, edGh , fdGh , ``dGh , dG : kjb hdG a J fc ``dG ``SCG

. dGh , dGh

kaN , ``H gj d``SQ cJ d .. ( b ) jYdG dG jCG dEG f { 5S

f e ``J `à ``S JKBG GPEG dh , IdG ``fdH G kQ`àG H , `è

. z H Ya

a z dG { Lh , z dJ { Oeh , z KBG { Oeh , z ``S { OG`è ``g ( C )

. Ie L

? GPdh ? npnHn p pH n nnf eh ? b dEG dSdG g M e ( D )

: SdG H e dG HLEG NG (A)

( fG - U - jJ ) : dSQ jd j b SQ c @: b SQ jdG j d @

( e J d - jdG ddH G kQaG - e kaN )

. nn n nZ gQEG OGR . Z : z S { OGe @ ( C )

. SG dG aQ . aQ : z KBG { Oeh @. a Ze eCG d dG J : J : z dJ { Oeh @

. FGdG Y Hj AdG . AdG : z dG { Lh @ HH fh , jdG dEG ``SQCG idG dSQ b dEG dS`dG g ``M i```dG ( D )

. dG hCG SG H jdG e kJ dPh , ( QToj ) Yj LQ. jdG ddH G kQaG - jJ (A)

: z HZEG JOQCG { - z S JKBG { 6S

? GPdh ? f a LCG jdG iCG

. IhGdG IT Y jh , dG adH Mj fC ; LCG hCG dG


: ( D ) OdG e Sj H ( C ) OdG a e U 7S

( C )

SdG dhO eb ( C )

kag e fc ( D )

jdG dG IdG eg (A)

jd dG J ( E )

z QTj { f ( F )

( D )

. z b { Md -

. Ge IY SQdG TdG -

. OdG b HdG dG a -

. z b { SQ b H -

. fCH Kh gOJG H -

. hdG H d b -

. OdG b HdG dG a SdG dhO eb ( C )

. z b { Md kag e fc ( D ). Ge IY SQdG TdG jdG dG IdG eg (A)

. fCH Kh gOJG H jd dG J ( E ). z b { SQ b H z QTj { f ( F )

d fch , e Y H g , G kc kL j Ga , e NH j ( b ) CGH { 1S , JSGh adG Y ue jdG CG SdG dEG AfCG ALh , dhCG ddG

. z T c a FdG cCG SdG Ghj CG Y h teh

. z JSG { c H MJ e cPGh , z ue { eh , z AfCG { Oe : g ( C ): CdG jJ e , CdG eCG ( ) eYh , GdG eCG ( ) eY V ( D )

( ) . dhCG ddG a Sd G kFb ( b ) c @( ) . H gj ( b ) SQ jdG j d @( ) . ( b ) SQ H ( QTj ) f @

? ( b ) Md kag e fc npd (A)? ( e - b ) Y J GPe ( E )

GPEa , Y jPCGh Gg dEG cCG , BG H J e cCG G ke S idG fCG { 2S qS idG ``Z Ibd j``e Gfa , EGh , d G kN Gg c dEG ``SG

. z ShAQ Y

hCG J (iOGYEG fdG dG) HdG dG b `` 3


: j e HdG IQdG e g ( C )

. z S { : OGe @ . z qS - j { : e @? Lh e dEGh ? IQdG g Fb e ( D )

? jQWGeEG g Y J GPeh ? SdG dhO eb e (A)

? gOYG J gh ? jd jg H SdG YG idG e ( E )

kaN , ``H gj d``SQ cJ d , ( b ) jY udG dG jCG ``dEG ``f { 3S

. z H Ya f e J a S JKBG GPEG dh , fdH G kQaG H , e

. z S { Oeh , z JKBG { eh , z dJ { Oe : g ( C )

? GPdh ? f a OCGh LCG jdG iCG : z Z JOQCG { - z S JKBG { ( D ) @: J npH (A)

? ( b ) SQ b Y jdG GbEG Y @? idG dG dEG ( b ) O qOJ @

, H jEd ``FGYCG `è Ie dP CG G``Y H , ``H j``dG ``j ``dh { 4S , ah `è dEG JGH ( ``b ) ``Ja ( b ) ``H G``Hbh , T``dG Gh`à

NdG Gg Vj SG fEGh , j dh , j d ``dG CG EG , ( J``HCG ) Zh

. z ehjh

Vh ? z hjh , ``Vj { Hh , z Ie , ``M { H dG a ``kba ``J ``g ( C ) @. J e

? idG dG Hb ch ? SdG Fb dEG Cd dG jdG e ( D )

: J npH (A)

? jd dh H z b { b @? e Y SdG hdG M QGSG @

? ( QTj ) Y J GPe ( E )

ja hCG FS od UCG e CGh , d ``SG b `è a eCG CG SdG Xh { 5S dEG Gcj CG G rHCGh , QGMCG HCG ehe ehj GMGQ jdG dh .. d S

. z dG QSG Gg X a AhdG

? z G rnHnCG { : Oe eh ? z ja { : L eh ? z FS { : OGe e ( C )


? X J gh ? e a eCG d SG CG H SdG X GPe ( D )? dG Gg a dG e : z FS d e UCG { (A)? Ff JGh , AdG iCGH IOdG NCG @ : J npH ( E )

? IdG gdH jdG QaG @ , AGYCG keGc gOGLCGh FHBG TY jdG CGJh , SQa H e ``e QJh { 6S , ALQCG SGh jQWGeEG aj , jW S GX H , V h SCH HUCG a

. z e GhQJh hdG GhOW M ; dc heU gh

. z ALQCG { Oeh , z AGYCG { Oeh , z H { OGe : g ( C )? idG dG ehb ch ? SdG jQWGeEG Y J GPe ( D )

? AGYCG Y jdG QfG a kS fc dG SSCG eGdG e (A)? jdG j CG ( b ) SG @ : d j c idG e ( E )

? AGYCd idG dG ehe V @

ch , b SQ GHj CG dG OGQCGh , dG W aQ Y dG H ``jCGQ ``SGh { 1 AGSE gCG e ; jM a M f a e , cP LQ gh ( QTj ) Yj T H

. z dEG dG

: JCj d SdG H e dG HLEG J ( C )

( HJ - jJ - J - J ) : z AGSEG { OGe @( SGe - SQ - SQ - FSQ ) : z SQ { L @( S e c - gL - FW - gCG ) : z M { Oe @

. dP Vh .. jdG Y Y a OQ z b { dSd c ( D )? d eb dG dG eh ? z QTj { H J dG GdG e (A)

] dG dG IQGOEG - IgdG ae [

H , e kaN , ``H gj dSQ cJ ``d : ( b ) jYdG ``dG jCG ``dEG ``f { 2. z H Ya f e J a S JKBG GPEG dh , IdG fdH G kQaG

: SdG H e dG HLEG J ( C )

( fG - jJ - U ) : dSQ jd j ( b ) SQ c - 1

: ( b ) SQ jdG j d - 2

( jdG ddH G kQaG - e kaN - e J d )


? H QTCG idG eh ? b dEG dSdG g M e ( D )? e be eh ? jd b gHO dG YdG e (A)

? GPdh ? dG a LCG jdG iCG ( HZEG JOQCG - S JKBG ) ( E )] dG SO IQGOEG - dG c ae [

, dG Gd dGh gGdG GH J gQhUh , HdG e H J Hb fc { 3. z jOe jFK Lh a MGh LQ eb ej H GPEa

: JCj a SdG H e dG HLEG J ( C )( J - J - J ) : z J { OGe - 1

( OJG - IdG - YdG ) : Y J z MGh LQ eb ej { - 2

( UY - TN - VN ) : z jOe { Oe - 3

: JCj d Y ( D )

a YJ W a dG SGaCG EG : z Q S { `d j kSQ SdG `è ``SQCG - 1

. z jQGhCG {

. dG hd IjL U M fa e z SdG jd { L - 2

: HLEG bQh a Hc YCG K , JCj a CdG uU (A)

. iOdG HdG dG a QTBG dhO YGJ - 1

YS g GPEG ce Y e Dj jQSEG YR z e Y { dG dEG ``Hf ``SQCG - 2

. fdG TdG

. HhQhCG a iObG fa ce QgH Y eY e z Hf { QOZ - 3

] dG YSEG IQGOEG - YSEG ae [

JKBG GPEG ``dh , IdG fdH G kQ`àG H , e kaN , ``H gj ``dSQ ``cJ ``d { 4 e eGO eh , gH J Q`fCG `èGO eh , `H Ya f e J a ``S

z H S e J a cQCGh FYdG IWe

: SGbCG H e dG HLEG J ( C )

( jCGQ - JNG - a - JQb ) : aOGe z JKBG { - 1

( eGMG - f DhVQ - JY - bGU ) : gOe z S { - 2

? IQdG g a OQh dG SdG e ( D ). dP Vh , hd jdGh dH dG e J IQdG (A)

? dG Gg L S e ( H S e J a ) ( E )] dG IQdG T IQGOEG - bdG ae [


. idG SBGh dG a z dG { - 2 . edG ue Y IdN z e { - 1. z jdG U { ffEGh , e T dH - 3

. fK Ie dG hd M t poj z SdG jd { - 4. jdG Oj z gR jdG AH { VdG - 5

. z ddG { dG Iah H H QeCG jJ z QdG T { - 6. rSnCGh z SdG jd { jg - 7

. z OGH { IQd geJh dG Y z dG { M - 8. IdG Lh a bd J z e { - 9

. z e { GHCG bj z dG { - 10. z cg { jJ Y SdG z e { OQ - 11

. IddG z dL Y { be - 12. ffEd QfG z dL Y { a z e { QfG - 13


1fc. gOLh

2f e. ( SJh jb : z f { Oe ) , V e

3SG , Zh , QK : OdG ) , Ph Nh SG

. ( hbh

4 qdG dG e hj , HQhCG e jQSG YL

. jQSG aGgCG N j ; G kQT

5JM. M : OdGh , TL

6dGJ. HJ

7fCG d dS. d s nS nh , rJ s nZnCGh , dEG sM

8GSCG. r pS : OdG , YL

9bh. bdG dP a

10 kT . I``dGh IAh``dG hP ``g ``dG. ( pT : dG )

11kf , FdG M , dG jc , kVa. ( Af : z f { L )

. (1)fnc G o u nojh , n rgnCG Gh op rn rnjh ; nV rQnCG GoNd ne ndpEG oIGdG nA nL

. oT n pV nQ eh ... oe (2)nf nna

. o rgnCG (3) n nn rSG eh ... rn n nN eh

. mMGh m oL nQ n nrbh pIGdG pLh a i pndh nj rnnb nh H

rs nXh , i n r tdG n rSBG nh p sdG ``n nY (5)pJ n nM n o uL noj H oQhoCG r pe

(4) nt p sdG A`` nL

rnCG (7) o oorfnCG ond rnd sS s` oK , ne sdG e rfb nHG nob , mI sobh mI s pT a (6)``dGnnJ r`` ooJnH nV

. o rnb e g nZ Goe n ng c , n r pe Goe p rnj

. mA r nT sc rn nY r n nranCG pd nL pQ njYh ; pFHnCG njpEGh , ne pOo oL n nY n nT s pndh

nA nL dG u sdG (8) pG n rSnCG nenCG , mQG n rU pEG nh m r nY a i pnd nh nj opddG no r nT n nbh nnd

. H oQhoCG a me uc eh , nudGh nfah nrfjH e

i pndh j r osfnCG nneh , m pMG nh m oL nQ nn r nM rY n n nMh , G k pMGh v nU (9)bh no r nT nbh

nn pM , pnenoe a (11) kpnf (10)`` k r nT ( qHtjnCG j udG oU ) nc n na , pd p pd GhoA`` nL

neGdG ona rjh , ``gG n rSnCG nenoe ooj nc , ```g 583 S SdG rnH ``Y G n` nna

. r ond n rWnCG nh r og nA npf r pe p rojh , rpFG nn oa r nY sH r ndG


. rofh e nT a o pJ noj nc , i pnd nh j ( j udG o nU ) r o ns nY

pj udG p n nU ndpEG rn ng nna n r pW ls pne lInCG n reG nn na nCG pQndG i n rMpEG a nM nnd

p nY p rnrdpH nnenCG nh , oYoe oO (1) r nVah , oo r nb s nna , n p r pW n s pb i ph rnJ n`` pg nh o o rnJ nh `` p rnJ

, nH r nM Gon nW ke rnb o pQ`òf ` nsfpEG : kFb pueoC o ns nS nh prn nY nn nY s nM , n ne u oc `à p`` r udG

. nsf nrfpEGh n rtdG oQof ` rndh

rne i pOnojh , o opd noj rne opd noj , p sd u`dG n pT Y o p rnJ l s pb i pndh j p p ng

. lnf lspf nrfpEG od nnJ on na nnQ nM G nPpEGh , j pOnoj

, n u pM p nrbh a (2)I n n r oe kj p ng nu p sdG n nL ( tHtjCG pj udG o nU ) n n ng rnCG n rnH nh

oe ( oSdG ojd ) n s nna , i nr odG sjQsdG pj p nrdG pd or pe Gh oQnCrnj rnCG nt p sdG nOGQnCG

n r pe a pd sdG pdG dpEG n`` nS rQnCG nh , kfK kI se r sdG ph rn pd kIjL s pU k``n nM `` nrfa

. (3) pod nrfnCG p nnH on rSnCG n nna npH ooa uojh o sY nnnjh o oO s nnnj

senCG { : d o`ònj nrf nna p p ne pnd nSQ ``Y G vO nQ ( OGT H p``j udG oA``H ) pVndG n` n n na

nsfnCG n pnf sdh ... n pd nrHnCG pO n nYh n pTo oL pIH o sY nnnJ nfnCGh noHn pc n nU nh n na ... o rnH

rnd nh . (8)fse nO pEG

(7) mnH nrn nY (6) n nH nh ,

(5)onf rO s nL pEG lO rna se n pob ne nh , po tdG (4) onH rQnCG

, MGdGh n o ordG o o r pe n nrna nh , nHh o oM n n pY nh , n ppao oS s nM oQh o r dG ntjnCG or nY rnCG nQ

1Va. ( bJ - qL : OdG ) , dS

2Ie. a

3 Y

dfCG

, hb fK Y jj e dfCG dG M

SCG SG ; ``bJh aN ``fh

. gOH OGOSGh , gjJh b

4HQCG. UCG

5fOL. H L

6H. Xh , iYGh dG RhJ

7H. ( In oH : dGh ) , dX

8feO. ( Y aM : OdGh ) , gCG


oNBGh nnd ood shnCG m rnj a , (2)

ondG n pH s pJ nCG sHh , p nsdG e (1) n penfnCG snnJ nCG nnd n nnd

. | no p n rnj (3) mn n r oe sinCG G on nX nj psdG on rn nS nh } : n rn nY

, nn re pO Y rnd rn rSGh , `` nrf nna o p ne n pSrCG nQ ``n nYh , os p sdG on r nrdG p p`` ng rnA`` nL nh

e nc nna . p rM nR pnr p rSG n rnb pn r nM pG snoe jd n p rd ; m o rTnCG nsS a r`` pnH nh

. pn pdGh pO n pdG n nY nS nj pnr oe , r og n renCG Gh o sM nh nh n r nT Go n nL rnCG pEG nuj p rdG

o p ne opd sdG o p nrdG nua ooJ , IQ or nrdG Y p rM sd tj t p p sdG odG nc Hh

r n nNnCG nh (5) p pnrdG p``rb nrdG G n ng a ( uQ tdG n nT ) p nLhR Y

(4)o`` r ndG n onna , pO``pdG

p udG p nY nS `à oYnCG G nP ne nh ? p`` pMG sdG p`r ndG G n`` ng nènCG oanCG G nP`è : `` n` n rnf onC``` rnJ

? (6) pn r prdGh

(7) p p ne n r`` ne oOo ordGh o` s tdG n`` p nY rnd : rndnbh ``g n renCG ( uQ t``dG `` n nT ) ``ne n nM

pnrnjh , pao oU `à n t nsdG opojh , (8) npFG n nY `` p roj d nP snCG s nT ``na , `` pgpFnbh

. m n s noe mj p ng ndpEG penCH

, lMnCG `H onj ``na , k nL pSsdG Y p pdG pI``nah n Cnnf (9)

no rnJ nCG uQ t``dG n nT rnQ s`à

pSpH peGhnCG pQG n`` rUpEGh , p r``dG pènCG pHJh , p`` r ordG po oT p``j p rpH ``g n`J nCGh

rnn rYnCG nh , pHn pZ e pT rndG o pQG nh ( `T G nQoJ ) oHG nOoj sM , dG pIOb dEG LhR

mh or oU a nr n nVhh , ons oL (10) r ns nMh , G kMnCG n p rn rnj nCG o pn rnj ljne `` pdG snCG

1efCG J . J : OGdGh , HUCG GWCG : efCG

. ( fCG : z efCG { Oe )

2dG H J. Jh dYCG T a J

3 e iCG

j

. dEG hj d De e iCG

4dG. ( dG : dGh ) , dG

5dG. jdG

6dG. ( n pe : dG ) , IdGh , AdG

7e. ( A oe : dG ) , odG MU

8FGY. IOGQEGh IdG gh , jY L

9J. ( jJ : OdG ) , Jh , J

10M H ( JdG j e ) s`` pWo ndG eCG

, e FSH dPh , dG e ``dG

. dEG .. QadGh , dGh , dG e


(2) nMne r pe l nMnCG iQ rnj p`ùdG a m n p nS n nY pI n` pg` ndG ndpEG p oM ``K , (1) p nr sdG n pe

, p rndG ndpEG k n r oe oh o``r tdG n p oMh , p nV rh sdG pIjL `` pM nS Y r nS nQ nh , o p rnJ G nP`è

. I nQ ordH I nOndG un ne a osjOndG oIn ndG p n nL nh

a lMnCG s onj nCG h oO , o onJ nN nrn nYh pjrCGH o o rnna , p pdG ndpEG ona roJ o pF nS sdG rnfch

. enCG

oobJh , pn pdG n n oN o` oSJh , pdG nd nM n` o rnf pg oob rnJ ( uQ tdG n` nT ) r`` nMG nQ

pG n n rnoe ``Y (4) tn rnJ , BG n`ù pFG n pdG n n pa op roJ k``ba

(3) rnsdnCGh , uh``dG p nc n`` nM

n n ndGh n r nrdG (5)

opJh , nOo ordG oo rnJ nh , n` n prdG o p rnJh , pBdG ou noJ , `ù p p sdG

. pAG n rYnCG pSoof a

k nL pQ pI nQ ordG oAHnCG a n n nNh , or sdG a n nn rTG sdG , i nr odG ocdG pnCG nnHh

, pRndG p rna r peh , pb o tdGh , QG n`` sdG a o nOo oLh nrf nna p ne noH pQ noj , G kQ`` n pUh

. (6) pj pQndGh p pLG n ndG pebpEH pjdG n pNG nO Go s nnJ nCG H

e kHQ ng nrf nna o p ne s dhh , kI n n r oe iNoCG kjg odG trf nndG odG n p`` ogh

Y n`p rnj sM , o nO pQ` noj nCG EG (8)nHnCG ne nL sdh .. pdG ndpEG p pr nL

(7) po oa

n pS nh , nrf nna p ne Y np o na , OG nQnCG e n r pe pr npd ``ch , ppn pT` nMh j`d p` pdG

n p rNoCG K , n n rod pHG pQG nO a pp r npH uQ tdG n nT r nnenCG oM , pI nQ ordG ndpEG pj p ndH G ks n oe

. OdG a mj p rnJh m pe rnJ e oOo oL onK n rMnCG sY kj rnJ kI np nc kj r pa nna nO nCG nH oop nS

1dG. FGdG W T

2Me. ( e : Me Oe ) , dG Y , dY

3dCG. rnf s nc , nL

4J. ( LGJ : OdG ) , YSh IH aJ

5J. Jh , qJ

6jQdG : gOe ) . ``bd hdG jW a ``Vj e

. ( SGr pe

7a : OdG ) , de e jH hCG be FGW

. ( w na

8HCG. eGh aQ


uiOdG nY pdsdG p rndG pna ... o nrdG e n n nM u p sdG e i pnd nh j n n nM eh

nsjQWGe pEG ` oH pQj , udG s pdT ` nrdo r ne nOH Go nW rn rSG l r``nb r ogh , oo dG ``n nrfG

. m rc oQ n rnH kcQh , mAL nH G kA r oL (1) nnf o pjh p udG

a nG``jpEG Y G r` nd rn rSa , ``dG s``pHoL (2)Q``dG `` sdc n`ò paj G`` o nrfG

n o odG o`è kdW , uSs ndG p`` p ndG ndpEG ( c og ) `` og oFb nSQnCG ``K , (3) m r nL p``Z

(5) pn r oe Q`` s`dG ` prH Gofa , (4) mA``jc a odG o`` og sOna , n`` rp rSGh

Gon rWnCG K , p rSpEG (7) pI sQ oOh pA nn odG

(6) pn r nc , nOG``H pOh o oM dpEG GoUh sM pG pdG n``VQnCG

sM (9) pYG sdGh udH oa pJ

(8) npf ndG nd r nM Go nnfh , p rn dGh p r sdG e ``rnY

. kj p rnJh G k pe rJ pa Go nfGh , oOG n r nH r nS

n r nN r nTY nCG ``H , p npd rDdG pnj nudG p p``H , ps pSs ndG p` nd rh sdG oIM n pd nH r`` nnrfGh

. nppJG nne rYnCG opHdG oI nQ n ndG pa rn nH , k ppec mhob

tnj (11) oofS nUCGh ,

(10) mAn nY pZ a p sdG Y G rndSG H , dH o dG n rnj dh

. n pe pOhM sM p udG pb e

1fj. Y jh , foj

2 dG

QdG

, VQCG ``S `à adG ``dG A``dG

: dG L ) , dG afG Ib : OGdGh

. ( dG

3 nL. J , e

4Ajc. ( VGJ : OdG ) , N Yh , Y

5e. YH j : OGdG

6c. e : OGdG

7IQdG. ( Q nQ oO : dG ) , dG IdG I Dd DdG

8fdG H ne roJ fc jb dBG gh , e ``L

. ea QGSCG Y K QMCG

9YGdG , dG G``dG , ``Jbh e : OG``dG

. ( YU : OdG )

10AY. ( MGQ : OdG ) , e

11fS. JSh , gPf

````````


a , (1) kY `vbO nHGHnCG s od ; i p nd nh nj p` ndG f pe e po dG oT o oL r``H nnbGh

. m n nT h m nMQ Z

mpFYh , pG nrdG e g oZ r ns nS c r ond ou noS ne nCG pg pO p rYG ah rndpEG GhoAL

. uc uHdG p r sdG Y r ond oI nOn udG o s nnJ

, n p rn rnj hnCG nu noj nCG nH nCG ... n pnj hnCG n n rj nCG o pdG n re orT nHnCG i pnd nh j n ogh

pcM ( n oob ) pe nY nR nJ , mjpEGh mIbh m r nY a pIG no dG pA Dg p rL nh a n pj rnCG n nY n nYh

. jdG udG pO n pdG Gd nf t poj idG , mbh pOpdG

a p t nsd n oYj , iodGh p o ordG ndpEG nAn odGh nAn n odGh (2) n sFnCG ( o oob ) nS rQnCG nnd

n rsdGh j pEG nujh , pQh tdG a n nS n ndG nh opojh , G p`` nS `à pO n pdGh pdG

. pStdGh po odG a

oo dG nCG n` nH P pEG , osb nnJ e s`` nU sM , pAi p``` ndG p``T nOG nYpEG t`` poj ( oob ) r`` nnj ` ndh

. ne nG nrHnCG nobj

pjsdH oJ kdSQ n pe pcM nd pEG no p rnj , ppd nL pQ e kHQnCG (3)( oc og ) nSQnCG nnd

: a nb , pY ndGh

fnCG ... p n r ne ognCGh o oob (4)

osdG o pdG on rnj ... kH r nZh kb r nT p`òdG p` p ne r`` pe {

... lUN pa`S r pe r od nd , o` o n nZ H (5) sM rne Y n ru oS ... p pVQnCG `à G o``L

1kY. G kjT

2FCG. ( eEG : OdG ) , jdG LQ - IOdG

3cg. YRh dG c

4dG. ( hdG : OdG ) , dG

5M. f

````````


, (4) o pYG n nU oao oSh ... (3) o pQG n nN oe n pSh , oHG n nS nod oN ...

(2)lU`e

(1) n pnH nne r pe h

. z n p nS nnfenCG n nnb neh ... pnf nnH rM nn nW ra . e udc f oO n nYh ... dc Ho obh

nne nCG ( n oob ) sEG sM , rpH (5) o pnJ j r oSh mAnjc a po dG n oS oQ ntj p r prdG n``SG

. (6) nnrj nh oR pH Y r o nShoA oQ n sYh rpH

... (7) oGHnCG oneenCG o`` nroJh , oo tdG ooe snnnJ , p``dG pSrCG nQ Y ( o`` oob ) n n`` nNh

lSM p pSoof ah , (9)ls p nM ``pHo ob ah , pIG no dG pA oDg pA pd

(8)lIue ne oO``Lh

. ljT

po dH n pJ nCG d pEG oG sodG g nJ nCG oo q oN rnfch , pJG sob o rnj ( oob ) QS

. pf ne p pNGO dpEG peh oob nb , p sdG pOH a

po dG oG sb nLa , pFa m nY r oS a nAnr nS nAG rU o or oLh ( nb ) oS roa n nWh

. QG nfpEG pHS pZ e , g nf p pMG sdG ne pH na a

d PpEG , pIG no dG pA oD``d i n oc kjL kInCLe i pnd nh j ui``dG pdG oQ o oX nc `` nnd

.n pF ndG Y tdG H k pS nM tOdG nj nCG nosbj Gof oj

nn nN nna , nI s nZ Y u nsdG nd pEG na uHL a o dG oFb s oVG pInCLdG g nenCG

kf njpEGh , m n pK Y kn pK dP r ogOG nna , ndhCG nnd r ndG tj p rdG pH nQ Ggh ... r pe oL

. mjpEG n rna

nY J , mIU mj rnb Y po dH G rnndG oM , pdG ndpEG nI s nZ e ne oOo oL sJ

. ( odL oY ) on p rsdG pnCf g r peh , pdG o oY e o snnnJ dG , ndL p rnf He

1He. e dG

2Ue. ne hCG qn ne

3QGN. ( QN : OdG ) , paGnf

4YGU , J QH He Ye ``jL GUCG. Jb , oe : OGdGh , eJ jQh

5H J. SJ

6jhR H e jb gh , `` kjb IgdG NGe ``MCG. gRCG M

7GHCG a j , ae IGOCG gh , dG : OdG. ejh

8Ie. ( Se : OdG ) , afd Ie

9M. ( d pPh , L : OdG ) , YTh IY


, (3) oG nrHnCG p n pofh , oo tdG (2) p nY pobh , pNBG p nLGe a wc , p nr ndG

(1) n nnMGh

, g nMh ne ne oO uj idG np ndG n G udG n nnJ nCG ( odL nY ) `jd np och

pIdG pOo odH oI``FdG po dG o nS roa r``ne nUGh , uc (4)pj r nndG p` nddG ne ``H

o s oN r nuof nrdG p``r nb Y o`ò dG n nV er pYh , pG n``rbnCG (5)`` n pSG sdG ``jdG

Go nb sM mI s``H oo dG dpEG nanfGh , oI n`` r tdG nK nna , QG pdGh (6) pQ`` pfH p`` ogdG

dpEG or tdG (8)

nQOHh , nhtQdG nO``Y (7)o pSdG o n rsdG s nM sdh . kn pSoe kae `à

. ( ! ne rS pEG G nh ) : o pnj n og nh , m pSGQ m rpH odG (9) pr rSG

, roao oU nfGh , p`ò dG o oRGJ sNa , ``r oYh I sH prnpfdG oG``b o``JsjnCGh

. pjdG (11) pudG nf (10)Gh tJQGh

(12) p pUdG po tdG p rnb n rSh pppfS ropH ( oSH ) oenCG snfa , pSodG oQ rh nO s nM ogh

. (13) pA n sdG nn nY tj rY sdc , pdG H e ( o rcnCG G ) on odG nnnJQG nh

, pnH n sdG nobj o norfnCG oo dG nLh nh , tdG sM p sdG e o nnH r nrdG sSGh

. m n nT hnCG m rMQ h oO , i rNoCG H I n pMGdG

s nW sM , ph``dG udo dG r ndG pIO nQ``òe Y nd nP H ( ` oob ) (14) nG` nnj ` ndh

. r pe sdG nVQnCG

1MG. ( qJ : OdG ) , LG

2Yob. qb oO

3GHCG a j `àe IGOCG gh , ``dG : O``dG. ejh

4jdG. ( dG : OdG ) , dG

5SGdG. ( HdG : OdG ) , HdG

6QfG. jdG

7SdG. WdG , UdG

8QOH. SCG

9SG. IOhe

10GhJQG. GLQ , GhOY

11dG. ( wnJ : OdG ) , JdG ceCG

12UdG. dG jT

13AdG Y. dEG Xd AdG e hj e

14Gj dh. o rnj dh , unoj d

````````


, g n rMh ne pjQJ a , G kpdN ke rnj c .. G kne ke rnj ( nodL Y ) oj nc nnd

oQroj oue n ordG tdo dG o``r sdG Gg nc nnd . (1)g p rSnCpH pspf ndGh , pu oc p``ddG jQJ a ``H

. pH s nM m ne u oc a pQe sdGh pG ndH

p r dG dpEG Gona nrf , `ò dG p rLh a n nb nh nh , p`` p rnH neBG , n r pe n`` r nT snCG ` ndh

. j pue noe npH u noe , H oQhoCGh pod nrfnCGh

. pIGo dG o r nT ns nnJh , (3)oI odG sJh ,

(2)oI tdG p og G ng

. po dGh nu p sd kI nn r ne oe rnf nch

3IdG. ( mH : OdG ) , ddG

````````

1gSCH. L : OGdG

2IdG , h``dGh ``dG `à `àdG ``ddG

. ( OdG : OdGh ) , ( mW : OdG )

. nY n sdGh u sdG pI n rM nh n nY t onj `p rnJ : z pMGh m oL nQ nrbh pIG no dG p rL nh pa o r pe nnb nh { -

i usdG n nY r sdG I nQ p r ne nh , ng pQG n rnJh p n n ndG pI nr n pH pMoj p rnJ : z nndG nnnJ oJH n nV s nX { -

. nnd

nf nn nM rhnCG , m nM pQ nL mQ` o oW nG n rSCG u p p sdG Q s nnJ rn na , p nL ` n nN : z `ù p p sdG G n`` rSnCG { -

. nj pQ nV

. p pb rNnCG q oS nh , p nndG p nM n nS n nY t onj l p nL lp rnJ : z spf nrfpEGh ntdG pQ nof n rnd { -

. n pdG o opH pJ nr pN nh , uj p r pdG S t nnJ n nY t onj l p nL lp rnJ : z o tdG onH rQnCG nsfpEG { -

. uj p r pdG nd ooH n nY t onj , Anr p rSGh , rsdpH sc nDoe o rSoCG : z nf rse nO EG mnH nrn nY n nH nh {-


. ppH nj p ndG nrdpEG ps pr npH pMoj , ( soH ) `pH sc nDoe o rSoCG : z n ndG n pH q pnJ rnCG soH n { -

pMoj nh , oI ndG nh o n ndG r pe V nn dG n rp rSG ``o rSoCG : z ? pMG sdG pr ndG G n ng n nenCG o`` nranCG G nP` ne { -

. pr ndG ne n npH

pMoj nh , SrCndGh oI ndG r pe V nn dG n rp rSG o rSoCG : z ? n r pdGh udG p nY nS pa o n rYnCG G nP ne { -

. pn r pdG I s ppH

. p nnndG nh p nnHn odG I spH pMoj , ( rnf ) `pH sc nDoe o rSoCG : z pr ndG nnd nM n rnf n pg oob rnJ { -

. pI n rndGh , pI nr ndGh , pI sodpH pMoj `p rnJ : z pQ ndG p r sd nc o pa nnj Go nrfG { -

. v pj pO nh v pr pY OG n r nH pnf n ne q o oS n nY t onj `p rnJ : z n rSpEG I sQ oO nh , pA nn odG n r nc ( OG n r nH ) { -

. ( OG n r nH ) n nY pj p sdG p rsdG nh , pQ n pdG p n rMpEpH pMoj p rnJ : z pf n ndG nnd r nM Go nnf { -

. n p rgn CG nh n r ppH p odG p n ndG i n npH pMoj `p rnJ : z kY vbO HGHCG J { -

n nY pe r nY nh , uj p rdG S n nM I s ppH pMoj `p rnJ : z pIG no dG pA n o D ng pA n p pd I nu nn oe n`` r pe pO` o oL { -

. qh ondG pInb noe

. p r nr pd pOG n rp rSpH pMoj `p rnJ : z oG nrHnCG n pof nh , oo tdG nY pob { -

. pInCG r odGh p nY r tdGh I sodpH pMoj `p rnJ : z ( S rnpH ) o penCG snrfG { -

. ppH pQ n odG pSoof pa pn odG nKnCG uV noj p rnJ : z pA n sdG n nY t onj p rY sd nc .. on odG nnnJ rQG { -

. Q nnj n nh p roj n , ka pQ nL kr nS no dG s nnJ n na , p nL nLoe `p rnJ : z ue n odG pdo ndG r sdG { -


Vf H , eeCG V a , dEG IGdG AL d , edG qe Y IdN e ``S

. YL beh , FGYCG T bah , m s pg a

kT ( jdG `Ù ) ch , gOL Y bh , ``dG g qU `à

. gGSCG e kf

SQCGh , dG h``d M qj NCa , M a jd QC``j CG ``SdG jd OGQCGh

. G kOeh G kQe ( jdG AH ) VdG Y qOQh , G kOe

. O pdG pYd j rdG qSGh , e pO Y ndSGh , pdG odG AL

lKCG d nj M , LhR Iah nCf QdG T nNCa , dP nAKCG ddG dG eh

. r pH odG T j pH nfh , odG Sof Y S

, dG oe egh , ocdG CGHh , dH e oTh e oL dGh

. d HG QGO a IQ odH p oMh , SdG jd Y pobh

, o njh , H uoj Gh oNCGh , OGH GoNO M , dG Y o dG oM nCGH ``K

dEG ofS eGh , dG Y ( cg ) IOH GdSGh , SdG dhdG Y G r nbh

. dG oS e CG GXh , ne Oh oM

nSGh , ( oob ) dEG mjJ ndSQ ( cg ) nSQCGh , In dG upd J oe CGHh

pShAQ pJh , pH ( oob ) eCGh , ``j r oSh Aj pc a ( cg ) nSQ r pe o``T

odG Loah , mL SCGQ Y Nh , HdG sN ( b ) nMCGh , jhoR nH Y

oL Na , IZ Y dG dEG j dG Fb L e , pa a ne H

.. e

QdG CGHh , ` odL pY Y o dH ndG M , ``dG dEG dG ``J ``K

( SH ) oèCG Y fGh , dG oRGJ NGh ( b ) ``N nfh , IQ` sdG

ch , e dG nVQCG Gh s nWh , h odG o dG L Y jdG bh , fSH

. gSCH fdGh ddG jQJ a G ke kej ( dL Y ) oj


(1)

? dG g e idG dG be eh ? e dEG dG AL GPd 1S

Gjh , ``fc Gjh , gCG Gh``jh , VQCG G``d e ``dEG ``dG A``L @

. JSe Y Gjh , JGN Lc , IMGh bh dG ``bh H , dG hCG dH T VQ ``eh , e r pnJ ``d @ jEG Ib H dPh , Ie jg dG ``g M dG L hj , ``MGh

. LdG jYh

? dG e SdG H ( jdG U ) OSG e 2S

. z M { ce a . `g 583 Y SdG H ( jdG U ) OSG

? ( jdG U ) NCG Y J GPe 3S

dG ah , d e , iSCG ee j , f T T Fb ( ``jdG ``U )

. f ffEG dJ d


. pne sdG une n nY , ppd sdG pIG no dG nh , nj p p rn rdG p pe sdG n nenCG pI npd ndG n r pe oO o oU - 1

. ( j udG n nU ) ospf nrfpEGh ond ooHh , uj p r pdG oQ nprfG - 2

. og onKnCG nh pA nndG p nL pQ nr ng - 4 . ( u pM ) pa u p p sdG o nj p ng - 3

. QoeoCG ngpH rnJ o r oM nh , ng oDh nc nP nh ( uQ tdG n nT ) o n r pM - 5

. I nQ or ndpH n rod prHG pQG nO pa rSn CG nh ( pSsdG j ppd ) o nj p ng - 6

. ( OG n r nH ) nIQ n nM h oue noj o ndG - 8 . pTo odG pOG n rY pEG pa lp nc lQ rh nO pc nr pd - 7

. ( oob ) pI nOn p pH ( od nL r nY ) p nc n r ne pa po ndG n nY uj p r pdG Q nprfG - 9

hCG SGQdG dG `` iOGYEG fdG d HdG dG a dG 50. dP Vh . dG e a qOQ z M { a ( jdG U ) Qf c 4S

dG OGQCG , M `be a Ie jg dG nL HjCG jdG oU g CG H

Ie dG hd U M z jd { L a , jQdG jdG d gQCH GhNCj CG

dG L a QhO d c jdG CG EG , eO Y dSGh , dG ALh , fK

. Y bh z jd { ogh , OdG Yd OGSGh

? IQdG be a ( QdG T ) d idG jQdG QhdG e 5S

, ddG dG `àJ AKCG g ah , IQ``dG Y MdG dG dG CG``H `èY

, AN a J CG``Hh , dG bdG G``g a UNh , Jah C``f z QdG ``T { ``NCa

. z T GQJ { HG Oj M ; dG eCG HJh , dG AYCH Jh

? dG Y d ( b ) gYCG dG dG e 6S

dEG e IOLdG GdG g J CG : g N fch , dG SCGQ Y ( b ) N

AS AGU SdG Wh , f e dEG ehb b dG OH a dH J CG

eCGh , QGfEG HS Z e e H a a dG Gb Lah , Fa YS a

. e L NOh , IZ Y dG dEG `dG `Fb VG ICLdG g

SdG H Y G `à M ee a kf k``T HjCG ``jdG `Ù c { 7S

jh , FGa Y HdG eGdG ajh , `gG``SCG èe ``j c , `g 583 ``S

. z dWCGh gAf e

: JCj a SdG H dG V

( .................. ) : z ` kT { OGe ( C )

( .................. ) : z iSCG { O```è ( D )

( .................. ) : z FGa { Oe (A)

. SCG : z iSCG { Oe ( D ) . kYT : z kT { OGe ( C ) . FZCG : z FGa { Oe (A)

( e T c ) hCG SGQdG dG `` iOGYEG fdG d HdG dG a dG 51: z dG TL ( jdG U ) g { - z dG TL ( jdG U ) g { 8S

? GPdh ? f a LCG JQdG iCG

. dG J fC ; LCG dhCG IQdG

: ( D ) OdG e Sj e ( C ) OdG e U 9S

( C )

Y J IU e ( C )

T GQJ ( D )

QdG T (A)

Sh jd g ( E )

dG fG ( F )

( D )

. ddG dG TY jQh -

. jQdG aY ICGeG TCG -

. IGdG MCG -

. ddG Hj Y ddG dG a -

. e T j -

. IQdH d HG QGO a -

. IGdG MCG : Y J IU e ( C )

. ddG dG TY jQh : T GQJ ( D )

. jQdG aY ICGeG TCG : QdG T (A)

. IQdH d HG QGO a : Sh jd g ( E )

. ddG Hj Y ddG dG a : dG fG ( F )

JHV Xh , idG SBGh dG Y JM Lj , HQhCG e dG AL { 1S

c , e Gej CG fCG d d sS K , edG e fb HGb I sbh IT a dGJ

. z .. b e gZ Geg

. z fCG d d sS { e cPGh , z M { Oe g ( C )

? dEG ej Gfc idG dG eh ? GhAL jCG eh ? z tdG { rne ( D )

. dP c Dj bH J e Vh ? udG ( jdG U ) eY c (A)

? LCG e GhAL e udG J Y @ : J npH ( E )

? LhR Iah Cf ( QdG T ) ANEG @


fCG ``f dh .. dHCG O``Yh , ``TL IH YJ fCGh , Hc `Ùh `à { 2S

. z feO EG mH Y H h , fOL EG Oa e b eh , dG HQCG

: j d SdG H e dG HLEG sJ ( C )

( QG shR - UCG - sU - QfCG ) : z HQCG { OGe - 1

( eCG - dU - OU - OY ) : z H { Oe - 2

j Yh ? ddG dG LhR H aY eY ( QdG T ) aJ ``c ( D )

? T e dP

? IQdG ce a ( QdG T ) H eb idG jQdG QhdG e (A) @

e , ddG dG aJ , IQ``dG Y Md ``j ``dG dG c H { 3S

. z .. dG bdG Gg a ( QdG T ) LhR Y dG a , OdG

L a z dG { OG`èh , J e Ie L a z ``dG { ``L ``V ( C )

. iNCG

? IQdG Y dG Ob idG eh ? dG dG AL jCG e ( D )

J e sJ ``dG ShQdG `èh ? dG H ``d dG jdG ``fc ``c (A)

? dG

: ( D ) OdG e Sj H ( C ) OdG a e U ( E )

( C )

: SdG jd - 1

: cg - 2

: b - 3

jdG U - 4

( D )

. dG YR -

. M H -

. fa e -

. SdG e -

, OGH OhM dEG G`Ùh M ; GdG VQCG `è Q sdG ``H dG fG { 4S

dM G``fh , ``dGh ``dG `è ``Y G``WCG ``K , ``SEG IQOh , A``dG ``c

. z kjJh G keJ a GfGh , OGH S M ; YGdGh dH aJ , fdG


: dG HLEH j e cCG ( C )

.................. : z IQO { L @ .................. : z e { `H OGdG @.................. Y J IQdG @ .................. : g z fdG { @

? dG Gg j Y : z SEG IQOh , AdG c OGH { ( D ) @? dG OH Y JM e dG eh ? gFb eh ? dG AL jCG e (A)

? SdG dhdG jf fc ch ? WS b OGH M c c ( E )

eCG ( b ) EG M , H J j``Sh Ajc a dG ``SQ j``dG ``SG { 5S

eJ ``dG SCGQ ``Y ( b ) ``Nh . jhR ``H Y ``ShAQ ``sYh , ``H

. z .. IGdG ADg Ad Ie e OLh , GHCG eeCG Jh , dG

? z Ie { : e eh ? z jhR H { Y J GPe ( C )

? T e J Yh ? dG Y d ( b ) gYCG dG dG e ( D )

. ICLdG g KCG kue dP Vh . d ICLe idG dG QX c d (A)

? dG fe e TL HbG eY dG j c idG e ( E )

a ( SH ) QhO eh ? ``dL Y a jdG QfG dEG OCG ``dG eGdG ``e ( F )

? cdG g

H , gMh ``e jQJ a , G kdN kej c .. G ke kej dL Y ``j c ``d { 6S

. z gSCH fdGh , c ddG jQJ a

. iNCG L a z nddG { Lh , FfEG e L a z G ke { OGe V ( C )

? dP J npH .. G ke kej ( dL Y ) j c d ( D )

: dG Z IQdG eCG ( ) eYh , dG IQdG eCG ( ) eY V (A)

( ) . jd dG S ANEG ( QdG T ) aQ @( ) . L a e kHQg dhh , fa e p og @( ) . cd JOb AKCG ddG dG aJ @( ) . M a udG jdG U g @


. z fc Gjh gCG Ghjh VQCG GNd e dEG IGdG AL { 1: JCj a SdG H e dG sJ ( C )

( iRdG - IhdG - hdG ) : z IGdG { Oe - 1

( Fc - fc - Fc ) : z c { L - 2

? IGdG A Dg e e be e ( D )

? GSCG eJ a , HjCG jdG c G kFb U (A)

. dP Vh , e a dCG icP SdG jd fa d ( E )] dG gS IQGOEG - gS ae [

Yh IT a dGJ JHV Xh , idG SBGh dG Y JM Lj dG AL { 2. z b e gZ Geg c e Gej CG fCG d dS K , edG e fb HGb Ibh

: SdG H e dG HLEG NG ( C )

( e - M - eM ) : z M { Oe @( jR - eb - M ) : z dS { e @

? e S eh ? dG AL jCG e ( D )

. dP Y kdO cPG - eT H dG ( jdG U ) eY (A)

] dG jGdG IQGOEG - IgdG ae [

a a IG``dG Gb La ; Fa ``YS a AS AG``U Lh ( b ) ``Sa ``W { 3. z .. QGfEG HS Z e gf MGdG e H


( QM - RLG - b ) : z W { e @( AfCG - Gf - MGf ) : z f { L @( dG - dG - SdG ) : g z IGdG { @( edG - dL Y - M ) : a IGdG b g @

? idG dG M idG HdG eh ? hdG Y ICa a a idG dG QX KCG e ( D )

? ( QNH ) dG Y d b gYCG dG dG e (A)

] dG Sh IQGOEG - jQSEG ae [


d . feO EG H Y ``H h , fOL EG Oa e b eh , dG ``HQCG fCG ``f ``dh { 4

CG d d MGdGh dG `è ah , HhM Yh aS M QhdG ``jCG ``Y CGQ

. z dG e efCG J


( AY - AeR - UCG ) : z HQCG { OGe @

( cJ - M - jCGQ ) : z f { Oe @

? SQCG GPdh ? SQCG a , dSQ e AL IQdG g ( D )

. Vh , f oHh , Wh M Y j be QdG d (A)

] dG dG IQGOEG - IgdG ae [

ah , M Hb `àh , IGdG A Dg Ad Ie `è OLh dG SCGQ Y ``b ``Nh { 5

. z jT SM Sf

: j a SdG H e dG NG ( C )

( e - Ie - ae ) : z Ie { OGe @

( L - M - dCG ) : z M { Oe @

? b a fG dG cdG SG e ( D )

? ICLdG g KCG eh ? GPa , d ICLe idG dG QX c (A)

] dG UdG IQGOEG - b ae [

d . MGdGh dG e ah , HhM Yh , aS M QhdG jCG Y CGQ dh { 6

. z dG H J CG Hh , dG e efCG J CG nd

: j d SdG H e dG HLEG NG ( C )

( J - J - J ) : z efCG J { `H OGdG @

( ddG - VGdG - dG ) : z QhdG { Oe @

? jf fc ch ? QhdG Gg e ( D )

? GPdh ? dG M e dGh dG H kba iJ g (A)

] dG IQdG T IQGOEG - bdG ae [


Sa eUGh , GHCG fh , dG Ybh , ``NBG LGe a c dG ``MGh { 7

. z GbCG SGdG jdG IdG OdH IFdG dG

: j d SdG H e dG HLEG J ( C )

( bG - LG - dG ) : z MG { OGe - 1

( dG - odG - bdG ) : z GHCG { Oe - 2

( LGe - LGh - sLe ) : z LGe { L - 3

? dG g LJ OdG iCG ah ? dG a dG dG cdG SG e ( D )

] dG dG IQGOEG - IdG ae [ ? dG Y dG d b gf dG dG e (A)

. z T h MQ Z a , kY vbO HGHCG d ; dG fe e dG TL HbGh { 8

? fh e d S g ( D ) ? z dG { e e ( C )

: SdG H e dG HLEG J (A)

( IQdG je - dL Y - YQPCG ) : a dG Y dG fG -

( SH - jdG U - b ) : dG Fb ch -

. Yhh jJ a dSQ e cM dEG j dLQ e HQCG .......... SQCG d : cCG ( E )

] dG Ub IQGOEG - b ae [

jQJ a H , gMh e jQJ a , G kdN kej c , G k``e kej ( dL Y ) ``j c ``d { 9

c a QedGh G``dH Qj edG ddG dG G``g c d , gSCH ``fdGh , c ``ddG

. z H M e

: j a SdG H e dG HLEG NG ( C )

( HjCG jdG U - SH - b ) : ( dL Y ) a dG SCGQ Y c - 1

( a - GdG - e ) : a ( dL Y ) jb J - 2

( dL - L - gb ) : IdG a z gSCG { `H OGdG - 3

. gSCH fdGh c ddG jQJ a G ke kej ( dL Y ) j c : Y ( D )

? GPdh ? J jdG iCG , ( AdH Qj ) - ( QedGh GdH Qj ) (A)

] dG H IQGOEG - HdG ae [


. z jc e { dG dH - 2 . e Y fdG dG - 1

. N e QOj Hf - 4 . QGdG Yj z e Y { - 3

. x nM c oonJ nh , ( c ) Y a J IQdG - 5


z HfH Hf { nrndpEG AL rnnd .. mIjL (1) mKQH o noJ nH G nPpEGh , osjnCG p nne

. c mH kjRZ

, mpn rb nh (2)pa noe ( ` uj n oc e ) pdG dpEG n``SQnCG , pjQSpEG dpEG ``dhof ``rbh

Y ns prfndG nT odG n`` nY nS n og G nPEG pne a nA``ndG Y oV pjh , pce Y `ùe nDoj

. pWdG pVQnCG dpEG htdG

o nO npH nj nCG (4)nHnCGh , (3)onbG sdG odnCG p``g o rY n rnJ d , si p r prdG n ndG Gg s``dh

e msH SrCG nQ Y opaoj OYh , pnj r pe o nM n pS n p roj nCG nHnCG , pUdG uLnCG Gd k nj pna

. p nc n o`d pI n pgd ooSQnCGh , z Hf { oLQ Y nnnb sM , j p pg n ordG pQGMnCG

n CG p ncd n u oT idG ui rdG pdG d pEG ` nM rh nCG nCG s pEG z `Hf { r nnj ``dh

tdG d nj nCG Y , (5) pcrenCGh ppdG renCG pIQ nOoe e , UU sdH ke nQ p r ndH Y n o rnj

. nHf nOGQnCG c o odG nQUh . j pQ ndnCG pKH p p rnf pAG npraG a

? Y n r odG n p nS e nY u prfndG ppJ nod ti p rrdG o nndG Gg nb GPe oJnCG

, H k u noe o rna J nM `ènCG , o rdG ntjnCG k nnd : pG n prfH G t ng `è nr pY ond n``b

: j pdG p``pHn pc a G nb ``bh , d pO s` n ordG `` nprbh a ls pr ne `à , ``nY `` kj nM nh

. | nnd G nn nc ne spEG nn poj rnd r ob }

, jH nh ojh , jrCGH n`ò n rnjh , H o pnj nAYoR dpEG j r prdG oQ``rfnCG `` nsJGh

. pAY tdGh IOdG pA n oDg (6) p nW a ne oY udG a1KQc. ( QGc : dG ) . ( gGO ) e

2ae. cM

3bG qdG dCG. YOdG : OGdG

4 HCG. ( naGh - pnb : OdG ) , aQ

5 dGeCG IQOe

ceCGh

. dhd e fh , e feM

6 W. ( FW : dG ) , ee

````````


dpEG j pOoj n pLGdG nCG inCG nQ rnH , kan og hnCG kIYO oj idG pYdH ne oY rj dh

(2) pc roj nG nQh n tdG s nnna , p ndG Gg (1) pHoeh ; uh ondG Gg p nna oe dEG nh , p nrdG

. e uc ah xM uc a no tdG unojh , pQh tdG a sWdG

nn`cnCG p n` rnpH nd nrfnCGh , z nrHf { r nY rRnCG dG IgdG pAMnCG nMCG odG rnfch

, prdG p n prdG i ph nP r pe , pdG pAHnCGh pnr pdG e nh o pgdG n sJ pna , ``pF` ndG

. (4)pH sndG ond ooH xUN rH a (3)sJh

nH dP eh . (5) p pOn nY I``ch p p paGne pIH pQrfG e sJ z n``Hf { s nCG n``Z

. UdG nYS oJ ... uj pdG pSoof a (6) kn pec oIQdG

no rnj nh oodr rSGh oosj u oM d nOonJ sM n o rnj rnd , m nY mr nT nenCG sfnCG z oorHnf { eBGh

nQOCGh . kn pec oopd nne rn s nnJ GP pEG spEG sdG Gg oI nQ rnK n CG rnJ nd osfnCGh , p pVQnCG Y t pfdG

. pdG pg Y e oTh (7)

oenCG ond spn rnj rnd osfnCG z HfH Hf {

nc rne pQ o rgH n`` p nY `èY ; 1799 ZoCG `à kN ne z oHfH { nQO``Zh

e n r pe a u pf nndG nFb z onc { nj nCG z ooHf { nnenCGh , HQhoCG a q pH r ndG rfna

, nna a nQSG hnCG p n nS b z c { n` nHb b z HfH oHf { r onj dh , p``H

. pdG p pH n p nY eY , G kj p nT ooZh , kY z nn p pc { or nZ a

e mIQOU m np nY mIQ``H G nPpEa , mjL e p p pd n` tjrdG nO nY z nc { p`` r nY `àh

. kpfK kIe pIgdG e o pnrnJ , po odG p rYnCG

1He. LGeh , He

2cj. ( p roj : OdG ) , jh , poj

3J. ( NG , TJ : OdG ) , X

4HdG. ( qdG : OdG ) , jQGdG

5OY. ( IYCG : OY L ) , SCG

6ec. ( IgX : OdGh ) , jQGe , Ie

7 d j

eCG

. ( j : OdG ) , CGjh j


na osfnCpH pIQdG g a prdG ui p prdG n p rT n pc ofLnCG n oNuQ DrdG n nUh nndh

se `cnCH mOa tc (1) nO```Lh , G kQ` pUh G kQ pc , kA``pfh kL pQ odG nh``J PEG , x``M sc

oOj (3) wi pnK Ggh ... ng p r npH oOJ (2)

oAG nQ r nY gh .. nu p oH oO oJ lIuS p pa . oj

nCG lMnCG oj H pI n`` pgdG ognCG b rnnd . pMhoQh p rnH oO``j l pWG noe Ggh , p`` pVQnCH

se oIMGdG pnJ d AdG sM , pLdG pj pM e (4) n pFG nnrdG Gon nU ra , H noj

pRdG dpEG (5)G k rnb nrfa nO oL n r`` oNrCj s oc H ; d dG pOGYpEGh pQGtdG peH p``dH

. (6)i nsdG n rnJ rpra nO nh Y pAd ; pjdG

, pQh o tdG a n pn r ordG nb pO sdG ps pWdGh , pndG phdGh , I nj p sdG p nS nrdG H

pddG nb pI n pg sdG o ppF ne ppH G` on nc nh , ka u noe G k pne kYa pO pIgdG ``Y no pWGdG n``naGO

rb c n p rn r ordG n`` pUdG sdh ; ke rnj n``KKh kS nj p rn r or pd Gh`` nUh , p`` sdG

; p sdG p pg nL d pEG pjZnCG oUh nh oO nMh , pdG aGdH pIgdG (7) n pan ne n nU nM

Y onn nM o p rnrdG nM m``pF nYh . k p nL pI pgdG p rgnCG Y p ordG on nT (8)

n` sN ` sM

. n ppadGh nj pgdG

. oo pg roJ oaG n nrdG h o poj o odG , G kFK or sdG s nX dP eh

1OL. ( pnH : OdG ) , J

2AGQY. ( inQG n nY : dG ) , ( r pH ) hJ d Ia

3qiK. a : OdG , ( AjKCG : dG ) , Z

4FGdG. ( jb : OdG ) , H eoj e

5 G kb. ( kVQ : OdG ) , GcEH

6idG. GdG

7ae. ( nr ne : OdG ) , NGe

8sN. sZ


trf nndG nL nh H , ng n rM nh pI pgndG pgnCG Y nrf nna pOod njdG oeh oe r pn rnJ d

. IgdG pgnCG e oh o nLh e , me uc a ne pT e

. n r nM h nnd s nM , lIc lu nne lG nQnK (1)nd nrfG nnd

a ojQsdG ``g o oc rnj kI n pne ks p r nT k`` ne nhn oe (3) r n` rHnCG dG pWdG

(2)`` p nW ``a nch

pI nO pb nJ , pnd nr ndG pI noHh pIQ odG nH o`` pbGdG p sdG pdG o n nr pe , m rYpEGh m`` rna

( HfH ) p pFSQ a o oSG nO sOJ idG odG oLdG Gg ( QH oW M ) udG n pY nR

i pOG nh pV rQnCG a nt prfndG nn pnd dG (4) pSndG psdG p ne nhn od me nc , pOG sob pGceh

. pudG

pWGT p oS Y kjnCG oeYdG d fch , pnd nr nrdG p nrpd k pY nR ( QnH oW M ) c

. lIc mU o pcG nne d fch ... pI nr nodG pg

1dfG. ( CGg : OdG ) , TG

2W. ee

3HCG. XCG

4SdG. YdG

. IGdG V T GQK - 1. SdG dG ehd eQ ( QHW M ) - 2

. fdG fGh , ( ddG ) ce a dG QfG - 3. ( QHW M ) GL ( a ) GdG dhe - 4

. eO jd ( QHW M ) FdG e dG eJ - 5. e c a gOGTGh IQdG QfG - 6

. ( QHW M ) Y AdG IQhV Y jCGQ j dLQh Hf - 7. jdG ehd YQH M - 8


pj nH ( QH oW M ) n nsJG sM , p n nr prdG pg Y ( nHfH ) oM oCG nrnJ rnJ dh

o ujh , gQh oU `à (1)s p nrdG opojh , r onao oU o`` unoj nGQh , n p rgnCGh pO``dGh i n`` odG

p nehd (3)g s pn rnj rnCG n SG M , Ho ob n rYnCG a

(2) pn uUnCdG ps p nW ndG nhoQ `à

. p rdG (5) pN sdG uh odG Gg enCG

(4)O o tdGh

nt prfndG s`` o rVa , n eh n o nV na , r`` p pao opd ooHj nCG n` t prfndG nh``M

g a ( pspd s nrdG ) pIH ndpEG r`` n nsJGh oon r nM r nc sna , ondLQ G` o pgoj nh (6)o` o pg roj nCG

. pdG pj nW Y p nr prdG

ps pb e oTnCG H a o oS (8) r``n pMh sM

(7) npJG nPH t prfndG n nU nh pEG `èh

. pQ n rMnCGh pUUsdG e (9) kpHGh og o p roj nGQh , n nUdG g or sdG nfa , a prdG

, ui r pdG pr sdG p rnH rnnfG , YS N reGO (11)l n nY lcè (10) r`` n pnf nh

. n pbG n rMpEGh pIdG g a QsdG pTpEG e Go s nnJ nCG nH dh , nt prfndG n nfGh

p sdG Gd n``jdG nhdG dP n``na nQ a ; lY l``KnCG pcdG `à ``f pQf c

. ( QH oW M ) n r nM ka nprdG o nOG nRh , p ne nhn ordG a pQGSG nY on s nTh , (12) pFpdG

sdh .. kfK kIe ( QnH oW M ) prndpEG n pn rnj nCG ``dP nH ( pa ) GdG nh``Mh

. nV rnrdG G ng naQ ndG nLdG Gg

1dG , ``ddG : O``dG ) , IQ``dGh , ``YdG

. ( odGh

2UCdG. SGdG , HdG

3gj. ajh j

4OdG. dG

5NdG. ( ANoO : dG ) , LCG

6gj. ( j : OdGh ) , j

7JGPH. JGRGH

8Mh. dG a df

9kHGh G kc G kjT

10f. eb

11Y. jb , IjT

12FdG. VdG

````````


pdM e opFdG odGh ( QH oW M ) nQ sn na , nne pO dEG dP nH pIQdG onnd seGh

(1) n n nna , pN sdG p p rn rdG Gg p nrnb e pQ tdG Y onfhjh , nFdG nnndG Gg n oN rnj nCG

. nd nr nrdG pIr noH a ns pYG qdG on pcG nne

r nc sJh , ned pI nQhdG OpdG pdgnCG s``J 1798 S e 16 pnd `àh

ndG n ogh , nn re pO nWGT kI pUb pnd nr nrdG nI nr noH t onJ r nMGQh , ( Q``H oW M ) o``S

n ps noe Gfch , pr sdG po oS e ppHrdG p``FsdG pr sdH , i nordG e noe pOndG n`` oM sndG

(3) ppHGdG u prf nnrdG e pTd ne pO (2)j pUb odG sL nJh , pOdGh e udH

senenCG pbG nrdG a pHG n ordG t prf nndG oOo odG jV n shnCG na , o pdG nCGnHGh , og

, mj pOrCJ nr nN `` nnH sOnCa , ` nf nna pG s``òb ne nn`TG sM p sdG o`` rMR sn rSGh , ``j pd

. o nrnJ n kS rQ nO (4) o n rYnCG o sdG Gg ng n rYnCG nh

e oo pb rne n``dH sa , me uc `è r ond rnAa , nI nsdG ` t prf nndG ``Wh

nu pfndG e n p oa , m`` n dH ms p rM nh a i nNoCG kI sne o nc n r nrdG pQGOh , p`` odG dpEG ``na udG

( pAG n tdG ) pjb ``dpEG ksb nDoe p oLGdG dEG tjdG s`` oVa , m p nb or nZ lO n`` nY n`ùj p r prdGh

. d G k rnoe ngh o nsJGh H Go s nnJ nh , pnd nr nrdG pI nr noH n rob nè pO sHo nL

p rordG HY pdgnCG Qnna , (5)`` no nb oQ rn nsJGh , rfGh dP pH e oIQdG p s`èGh

. H dG ns prf nndG (6) n pedG Gonnbh

no tdG (8) n oT phnoj G oMG nna , pudG Y p pbGdG ( d odG e ) s oS

(7)nsH nnJh

. pI nQ sndGh pOo ordG e G kc d nP n pN Gonnb nh ; nnf o pL noj nh pOd (9) ns p ordG

1M. L

2jUb. e

3HGdG OhdGh ddG SGd jgdGh dG. Njh e hdG j CG j dG

4YCG. ( sY , r oY : dG ) , d S idG

5bQ. Me

6edG. dG e YdG

7HJ. fG

8Thj. hNCjh dhj

9dG. edG , bdG


pI nQ rsdG ``n nY p prdpH nC` n rea ... onH n rYnCG `` n nah ( a ) pG``dG o oL s`` oL , m``FY

nnd nWnCGh ng nA npf n`ònj nh , (1) nnfo nrnjh i nordG n o pnj o oO` o oLh n og nGQh ... pQG s` tdGh

. nG nudG n pa (2)oe poj soK , nndL pQ nh

nU nN fCG Y oj rCG nQ n n rLnCa , p renCG a Gh oQ nh nnnd o nOG sob ( rHnfoH oHnf ) n n nL nh

p pSG ndG p pPoof n nY nh ( QnH oW n nM ) n nY pA` nndpH spEG p npH nn ordG psu`dG pGQsdG p`g e

nQ snb Gdh , p rnf z p```d nr nrdG { pI nrnH n nY pA``` nndpH spEG n pd nP qpnj rnd nh , `` n prdG p p ng `à

a n nS rQ nCGh , nrn nY pA nSd pdrdG pI``H dpEG mIj p nL msjY mn r nM n nS rQpEG ( ``HfH )

. p rndG p n pL e pj pdG Y pASd i n rNoCG kn r nM pnf pb ndG

e kdN nJ nLh sM udG pj p nW Y pnd nrrdG pjne dpEG ndhoCG o``n r nrdG pn nUh pEG `èh

. pY pr nrdGh or nY p rd GhoAL idG ( QHW M ) e kdNh , npf s oSh n pe rnbh n p rgnCG

, o ne nenCG l pOg mAT s oc snCG ng pFb dpEG nu ona , rndG pjW Y oeOdG opfdG on r ndG senCG

bh ( QH oW ``M ) pcGpH n`` pLoa sM ( psj p n nrdG ) pI``H `è oj rj ``d ``dh

pG soH n r ndG (6) p rnJ , pI p sdG

(5)Q o odG prnH p nN e (4) oR oJ , nnb rna nh opFsdG

(3) nMG

. nnbG nZpEGh fa

... gOo oLh `g pOG sobh nrf nna p`r nL nèn CG r nYh QG n` rUpEG a o``dG oT nbh Gg

ppFG n sdG ``Y p pr nH n``bh , H p`` p n pHh , `` uH ppfjpEH n``bh ... p`` p nYH n``bh

. nOo odGh nAdGh n rsdG p ppd na , (7) pQdGh

1j. G kbh kZ hNCj

2 ej. ( hoj : OdG ) , oj

3MG. LG

4RJ. J

5QdG. IjdG : OdG , dG H J dG VGQCG

6J. J

7QdG : OdG ) , ``Y t`` onjh , ``fEG ``gj `è

. ( n r ndG


mIc AGLnCG Y (2)Gh o nr nSh , a (1)G`ò n r n nJ nh , n pe nVQnCG nt prf nndG n nnf rnCG ``H

sHL mjb dpEG rUh ` sM , p p sdG nf k n ps oe , dG p`` rnf a o oS rQS , `è

. ( pOh oQnrdG rnf ) s noJ z n pb {

LQ n na prfG g nf GafGh , Gh oQnKh Go p nZ sM uhdG o oS pIdG o rgnCG in CGQ rpEG `èh

. pjZnCGh pI pN sdH ke kS nIY nrKG n nnH b p tdG g nOY nCG pZH , mMGh

dpEG Go nUhh , uhdG p oS nf k````HS , pdG pAe a n pVdG pSsdG o oL r``d nf

a n pOH e h o nNnCG `è Goe nSGh , npF nN nP e a `è Y Gd rSGh , Y G`` o n ng nh

r n nYa , pWdG d pEG (3) r nn nL sM , s prf nnrdG npF ndG o pJ fc dG pI pNdG p n nL noe

. p p sdG n r pL o poJ pUU sdG o nW rdGJh , pn pV rdG pgdG (4) o nr nU

, pOh oQdG p n rne a nQsdG TCa , pQG s pd onn p nS nj nCG rCj d s prf nndG n``FdG s``dh

. udG a pGudG on prdnCG r n nY nnJh

pAG s pTnCG ps tdG oMnCG cQOnCGh , u prf nndG pFdG (5) pnYnCG a pdG pA`è ndpEG oQGtdG fh

. (6) oAn rYEG nrfnCG bh , WdG dpEG on n nM K , n rrdG o pQ noj gh

. INnCG o nSnrfnCG tfdG oFdG G ng nnnd , W sdG nah1 GJ. G s nnJh GhfGh , GNO

2GhS. GJh , GNCG

3L. de

4U. ( U : OdG ) , GUCG

5YCG. ( p nY : YCG Oe ) , AGQh , N

6AYEG fCG. LCGh dG Z

. IGdG V JQKh ( OhQdG f ) gCG YT - 1. dG Y fdG M HJ - 2

. ehdG QU e FGQ IQU - 4 . QCdG Y ( iOHCG MCG ) ehdG

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