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1/ wpfuRef;jyefwpfa,muftrIü armifpH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk ................................................................................... 6
2/ armifpH&Sm;onf tb,faMumifh vlysdKBuD;vkyfí aeygoenf;....................................................................... 43
3/ ESpfxyfausmh ............................................................................................................................................87
4/ tqdyfaomufaoonfqdkaomtrI ............................................................................................................ 98
5/ xl;qef;aom vlowfrIBuD; .....................................................................................................................109
6/ olaX;uawmfwpfOD;trI .......................................................................................................................... 118
7/ udk,fhudk,fudk owfjcif;avm olwpfyg;owfjcif;avm ..............................................................................130
8/ ajrydkif&Sif vifr,m;trI ......................................................................................................................... 142
9/ xl;qef;aom ajrbkwfbDvl; trIü armifpH&Sm;pHk axmufyH k .........................................................................153
10/ OD;atmif'Gef;udk b,folowfovJ.......................................................................................................165
11/ w½kwfujym;rav; rusifNrdKiftrI .......................................................................................................178
12/ rif;wkdifyiftrwfwpfOD;\ trIü armifpH&Sm; pHk axmufyHk ....................................................................... 192
13/ ,pfrsdK;pHkaxmuf wpfa,muf aoqHk;rI................................................................................................ 205
14/ pdefvk,ufrIü pHkaxmufyHk ................................................................................................................... 215
15/ udk,hfudk,fudk owfaoonfqkdonfh trIü pH kaxmufjcif; ......................................................................226
16/ xl;qef;aom tarGrIBuD;ü armifpH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk................................................................................. 236
17/ bk&ifcHuawmf ykvJykwD;aysmufrIü pHkaxmufyHk..................................................................................... 249
18/ wl0&D;ESpfa,muf\ xl;qef;aom trIü pHkaxmufjcif;......................................................................... 260
19/ tdEd´,jynf? rkdufpkd;e,f? r[m&mZmapmfbGm;\eef;wGif;ywåjrm;aysmufqHk;rIü armifpH&Sm;pHk axmufyHk......... 269
20/ rkd;ukwftarGtrIü armifpH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk ............................................................................................ 279
21/ touftmrcH ukrÜPD trI ................................................................................................................. 289
22/ armifpH&Sm;ESifh xl;qef;aom tdk;jcrf;yJY txdrf ;trSwftrI ...................................................................... 299
23/ tpk d;& pmcsKyfrsm; aysmufqHk;rI ü OD;pH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk .............................................................................309
24/ a&eHacsmif;wGif;pm;½kd;wpfa,muf\ trII ..............................................................................................322
25/ eef;pOfywåjrm;trIü armifpH&Sm;pHkaxmufyHk........................................................................................... 332
26/ aumfydka&;&Sif; OuúXaysmufrI pHkaxmufyHk .............................................................................................358
27/ ukvm;"m;jytoif;BuD;ES ifh pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;....................................................................................370
28/ £wd¬,okduform; wpfa,muftrI.....................................................................................................383
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 5
29/ ya&mfzufqm q&mBuD; OD;xGef;azESifh &ifqkdif&jcif;..............................................................................395
30/ ya&mfzufqm q&mBuD; OD ;xGef;azESifh armifpH&Sm; .................................................................................408
31/ pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;onf vlqkd;wkdU vufwGif ;okdU oufqif ;&yHk ............................................................417
32/ pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;tm; vkyfBuHMuyHk ................................................................................................... 426
33/ usm;avm vlavm..............................................................................................................................433
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 6
1/ wpfuRef;jyefwpfa,muftrIü armifpH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk
wpfaeUaom we*FaEGaeUü armifpH&Sm;onf tdrfa&SU {nfhcef;wGif xdkifvsuf zefbl; zefcGuf zefjyG efrS pí ud&d,m wefqmrsm;ESifh "mwfowåKrsm;udk rdrd 0goemtavsmuf cG Jjcrf;pdwfjzm prf;oyfvsuf &Sdae&mrS ud&d,mrsm;udk ½kwfw&uf csxm;NyD;vQif ukvm;xdkifwGif rSDum tysif;ajy vdrfNyD;aemuf
]NyD;ayNyDAsm? eufjzefrSyJ usefwJhtwGuf qufNyD; vkyfawmhr,f? 'gxuf udkodef;armifa&U? tckwavm w,fNyD; usKyfESifh qdkifwJh trIrsm;u eJyguvm;As? bmr[kwfwJh trIEk uav;awGcsnf;yJ awG Uae&w,f? usKyfu cif Asm; odwJh twdkif ; trI r&jyefrSjzifh ysif;jyefa&mAs? pdwfudk tvum; rxm;wwfbJ[mudk; udkodef;armif&JU? ysif;vSw,fAsm? vrf;avQmufMuOD;pdk Uvm;} [k ajymvsuf xdkif&mrS xrnf jyKonfwGif avScg;rS ajcoHMum;vdkuf&m armifpH&S m;vnf; ½kwfw&uf jyefí xdk ifNyD;vQif
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udk,fvHk;udk,fayguftm;jzifh tqif;twuf ajyjypfnDñGwfjcif ;ESifh jynfhpHkMuay\? odkU&mwGif cspfcifzG,faumif ;jcif;? a,mufsm;wdkU\ pdwfESvHk;udk El;ñGwfatmif jzpfapjcif; tp&Sdonfh t&mXmeürl ¤if;rdef;uav;xuf xl;uJaom rdef;uav;wdkUrSm &Smí awGUEdkifrnf r[kwf awmhacs/
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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&Sm;/ /]7 em&DcGJwdwd a&mufatmifvmayawmh? aemufrusapESifhaemf? 'gxuf usKyfwpfck ar;yg&apOD;? onfpma&;wJh vufa&;ESifh ykvJrsm;udk ydkUpOftcg vd yfwyfNyD;ay;wJh vufa&;twlwlyJvm;}
ñGefU/ /]atmf [kwfayom;? uRefrrS m ygcJhw,f &Sif? txkyfrSm vdyf wyfNyD;ay;wJh vufa&;awG ygcJ hygw,f&Sif} [k
ajymvsuf rdef;uav;vnf; pm&Gufi,frsm;udk xkwfí armifpH&Sm;tm; jyav\/&Sm;/ / (pm&Gufrsm;udk vSrf ;,lvsuf) ]w,fawmfwJh oli,fryJ? w,fNyD; aphpyfygayw,fAsm? onfvdkvlrsdK; trIvdkuf&rS usLyfu BudKufwmuvm;? udkif; udkif; Munf hMu&atmif} [k ajymvsuf vufa&;rsm;udk EdIif;,SOfMunf½INyD;aemuf
]txkyfrSm vdyfwyfwJh vufa&;awGuawmh zsufNyD;a&;wJh vufa&;awGyJ? pm&Gufu vufa&;uawmhjzifh trSeftwdkif;a&;wJh vufa&;yJ? odkUaomf vlwpf a,muf xJ a&;aMumif ; xif&Sm;w,f? Munfhprf;AsdKU udkodef;armif? cifAsm;vl b,fvdkyJ zsufNyD;a&;ayr,fh towfawG owfyHk wpfacsmif;iifqGJyHkuawmh rwlbl;vm;Asm? udkif; udkif; wpfckxJ ar;yg&apOD;awmh rESif ;ñGefU? rESif;ñG efUtaz vufa&;ESifh onfvufa&;awGESifh wlw,frsm; xifovm;Asm}
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¤if;aemuf rdef;uav;onf vrf;auGUrS csdK;í oGm;ojzifh rjrif&onfhtcgrS uRefawmfonf jywif;aygufrSjyefvmí
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&Sm;/ / (tenf;i,f jyKH;&,fvQuf) ]w,fqd kwJh pmygvm;Asm? usKyfwdkUrSmawmh udk,ffhtrIonf acsmw,f vSw,f t½kyfqkd;w,fqdkwm rMunfhtm;bl;As? trIudkom Munfh&w,f? trIonfudk MunfhrdrSjzifh trIudk qifjcif&mrSm vrf;rS m;wwfw,fAs? [dkwavmu udk,fhuav; ud k,fowfNyD; touftmrcHaiG xkwf,lvdkU trIjzpf wJh
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cefUrSef;wJhenf; cifAsm; wwf&JUvm;? udkif; onfvlUvufa&;MunfhNyD; cifAsm; odoavmuf usKyfudk ajymjyprf;Asm}uRefawmf/ / (vufa&;rsm;udk aocsmpGm Munfh½INyD;aemuf) ]vufa&;ujzifh NyDow,f? nDñGwfw,f? aoaooyfoyf aewwfxdkifwwfwJhvlESifh wlw,f}
&Sm;/ / (OD;acgif;udk ,rf;vsuf) ]a&;csyHkawG? wpfacsmif;iifyHkawG MunfhAs? yrsm;awmif armufcs rcscsifbl;? 0dkif;cs cscsifw,f? awmfawmf ysif;wJhvlyJ? wpfacsmif;iifawGvnf; Munfhvdkufprf;? ajcaxmufawmif rygbl;? 0vHk;qGJyHkawG uvnf; pdwfoabmw,fNyD; ckdifrmwJh vu© Pm r&Sdbl;? ,&pfqG JyHkawG towf owfyHkawGuawmh udk,fhudk,fudk txif tjrif awmfawmfBuD;yHk&wJh vlESifh vu© Pm wlw,f? udkif; udkif; usKyfoGm;p&muav; &Sdao;w,fAsdKU? cP oGm;vdkuftHk;r,f? a[m'D pmtkyf zwfprf;Asm? tifrwefaumif;w,f} [kajymvsuf pmwpftkyfudk ay;NyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; xGufoGm;&m uRefawmfrSm jywif;aygufteD;wGif xkdifvsuf pmtkyfudk zwfygaomfvnf;
uRef awmf\ rsuf ES mESifh pmtkyf\ tMum;wG if oli,fr\ rsufESmonf uGufceJ uGuf ceJ ay:vmonf jzpfaomaMumifh aemufqHk;ü pmtkyfudk ypfcsNyD;vQif oli,fr\ cspfcifzG,faumif;vSaom rsufESmuav;\ taMumif;udkomvQif pOf;pm;pdwful;um &Sdaerdav\/
nae ig;em&Dausmf tcsdefcefUwGif armifpH&Sm;vnf; 0rf;omtm;& &Sdaom rsufESmxm;ESifh jyefvmNyD ;vQif
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jzpfr,f r[kwfvm;? NyD;awmhvnf; ykvJawG[m OD;xGef;ausmf aoNyD;wJh aemuf av;ig;&uftwGif;rSmyJ a&mufvmw,f? onf[m bmjzpfvdkU a&mufvmovJwJh? OD;xGef;ausmf&JU tarGcH tarGpm;rsm;u rdef;uav;rS m tepfemcH&aMumif ;odvdkU avsmfaMu;tjzpfESifh ydkUvdkufwJh ykvJawG jzpf&r,f r[kwfbl;vm;As? udkif;Asm onfvdk rawG;&if b,fvdkrsm; cifAsm; awG;zd kU &Sdao;ovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]'gawmh [kwfygapawmhAsm? odkUayr,fh avsmfaMu;ay;yHku xl;qef;vSacsuvm;As? NyD;awmhvnf; pma&;wmu [kdwkef;u ra&;bJ wpfESpfausmfvmwJhtcgrSm a&;&ovm;Asm? onfhjyifvnf; 'Drdef;uav;rSm
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&Sm;/ /]udkif;av [kwfygw,f? odkUaomfvnf; onftcsufawGawmh onfuaeUn &Sif;vif;vdrfhrayghAs? udkif; udkif; rdef;uav; ra&mufvmcif usKyfwdkU xrif;uav; wpfvkwfESpfvkwf pm;vdkufMuOD;pdkUAsm}
uRefawmfwdk Uonf npmxrif;pm;aomufMuNyD ;aemuf pum;tenf;i,f ajymqdkvsuf &SdMuojzifh 7 em&DausmfausmfrQ &SdavvQif jrif;&xm;wpfpD;vnf; td rfa&SUü &yfNyD;aemuf wpfcPrQMumvQif rESif ;ñG efUvnf; tdrfay: odkU wuf vmav\/
&Sm;/ /]udkif; tcsdefvnf; eD ;NyD/ oGm;rS awmfr,f xifw,f? uJ udkod ef;armif vkyfAsm? t0wfrsm; vJyg? wkwfcyfrmrm ,lcJhAsdKU? rodEdkifbl;? udk,fhudk,fudk uG,fumxm;&if aumif;w,f? aMomf 'gxuf rESif;ñGefUudk usKyf ar;p&muav; enf;enf;&S dao;w,f} [k ajymvsuf ar;cGef; tenf;i,far;jref;&m rESif;ñGefUu
][kwfygw,f&Sif? uRefrwdkU tazESifh OD;xGef;ausmfESifhu tif rwef uRrf;0ifMuwJh vu©Pm &Sdygw,f? ppfajrjyifu a&;NyD; taza&;ay;wJh pmxJrS m OD;xGef;ausmf taMumif;rsm;vnf; cPcP ygw,f&Sifh? aMomf 'gxuf uRefrwd kU taz om;a& aowåmtdwfyk ef;xJu pm&Gufwpf&Guf uRefr awGUcJhjyefNyD&Sifh? [dkwkef;uawmh onftdwfud k rjrif rdbl;?
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]t[rf; puúLujzifh cyfMurf;Murf;yJ? ukvm;jynfu jzpfwJh puúLESifh wlw,f? usKyfwdkUqDu jzpfwJh rdkif;udkifpuúLESifh cyfqifqif rwlbl;vm;AsdKU? udkodef;armif onfpuúL[m wpfcgwkef;u puúLcsyfjym;rSm uyfNyD; wG,ftyfESifh wG ,fxm;zl;vdk U wG,ftyf &mawGawmif axmif hav;axmifhrSm &S daeao;w,f? tif; bmawGvJAsdKU? a&;xm;wm? tvdk tdrfyH kpHESifh wlyguvm;? tifrwefBuD;wJh tdrfBuD;AsdKU? tcef;BuD;awG tcef;uav;awG avScg;awG? aqmiful ;cef ;rBuD;awG jynfh aewmygyJ uvm;? onftem;u bmvJAsdKU? rifeD Muufajccwfuav; jyxm;yguvm;? atmufem;uawmh cJwHESif h a&;xm;wmu bmvJ? ]vuf0Jbufud k av;vSrf;oG m;} wJh? onf[mu bmqdkvdkovJ? a[matmufem;u Muufajccwfuav; vlemrnfawGAsdKU? armifrdk;oD ;? rmrufqif? 0g[pfcef;? exyfqifwJh? av;a,mufom; emrnfawGyguvm;? uJ uJ &SdapOD;? &SdapOD;? tckawmhjzifh b,fyHk oufqkdifw,fqdkwm usKyf rajymEd kifao;bl;? odkUaomfvnf; onfajryHk[m ta&;BuD;wJh ajryHk ESifhwlw,f? onf[m usKyf ,lxm;vdkufr,faemf/ rESif;ñGefU onftrIu usKyf xifoavmufrubl; xifw,fAsdKU? awmfawmf ½Iyfvd rfhOD ;r,f xifw,f? udkif; udk if ; 7 em&Dvnf; cGJoGm;NyD? oGm;MurS awmfr,f}
uRefawmfwdkUvnf; armfawmfum;wpfpD;udk ac:í rESif;ñGefUudk tvnfrS xm;NyD;vQif xGufvmMu&m rESif;ñGefUrSm cspfvSpGmaom zcif\ trItwGuf jzpf onfvnf; wpfaMumif;? tcsdefrJ h ntcg jzpfonfvnf; wpfaMumif;/ rnfuJhokdUaom yk*¾ KdvfrsdK;u rnfuJhodkUaom tBuHtpnfESifh ac:iifonfudk rod&Smao;onfvnf; wpfaMumif;aMumifh wkefvIyfvsuf&Sdonfh trlt&mESifh vdkufygvmcJh&Smav\/
&Spfem&D xd k;csdefeD;ojzifh ]ypfcsm;yJavhpf} t&dyfjyyGJ½HkteD;od kU a&mufavvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; armfawmfum;udk &yfapNyD;aemuf
]udkif; ajcusifavQmufMurS awmfr,f xifw,fAsdKU? a[h oli,f onf ae&mu apmifhae&pfaemf? igwdkU jyefrvm&ifvnf; eufjzef ightdrf rif;vmcJh? apmifhaewJh twGufyg ig ay;r,f} [k armfawmfum;armif;ol oli,ftm; rSmxm;cJh NyD;aemuf uRefawmfwdkUonf rESif;ñGefUudk tvnfrSm xm;í t&dyfjy½Hk &Sd&modkU avQmufvmcJhav\/
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armfawmf um;vnf; xGufvmonfESifh wjyKdifeuf ajrmuft&yfod kU rsufESmrlvsuf xGufvmcJh&m Munfhjrifwkdifudk ausmf vGefí BuHawmoif;csd Kif;odkU vGefNyD;aemuf ukwfudkif;uefodkU a&SU½Iwl½l rsufESmrlvsuf vmcJhav\/ ,if;uJ hodkU tif;pdefodkU oGm;aom vrf;rBuD;twdkif; armif;ESifvmcJhí c&D;twefi,f aygufa&muf cJhavvQif armfawmfum;onf ½kwfw&uf t&Sdefowf NyD;aemuf 0if;jcHBuD wpfck twGif;odk U 0ifí tvG efw&m aumif;rGefBuD;rm;aom bdktd rfBuD; wpfaqmif\ a&SUü &yfwefUav\/ armfawmfum; &yf onfESifh wpfjyKdifeuf ukvm;vl rsdK; tapcH wpfa,mufvnf;
tdrfjyifodkU xGufvmí ocifu apmif hqdkif;vsuf &Sd aMumif ; ajymqdkNyD;vQif uRefawmfwdkUtm; ac:iifoGm;&m uRef awmfwdk Uvnf; ukvm;tapcHESifh tdrfwGif;odk U 0ifoGm;MuNyD;aemuf wpfckaom tcef;wGif;odkU qdkufa&muf Muav\/
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uJ/ /}'gxuf onfu ESpfa,mufu rESif;ñGefU&JU rdwfaqGrsm;yJ rSwfw,f}
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rdef;uav; &oifh&cGifh &Sdoavmufudkawmh usKyftpfudk udkbdk;&GJu b,fvdkyif uefUuGufaomfvnf; usKyf u r& &atmif vkyfay;ygr,fAsm? pdwfomcsyg? rdwfaqGrsm; ygvmMuwmvJ cyfaumif;aumif;ygyJAsm? uRefawmfajymorQudk oufaotjzpfESifh em;axmifrSwfom;awmfrlMuyg? odkUaomfvnf; cifAsm;wd kU ykvdyfjzif h r[kwf Mubl;aemf? ykvdyfyg&if jzifh bdk;&GJu ajymvdkU r&aybl;As? olu vlodrSm tifrwef pdk;w,f}
&Sm;/ /]pdwfcsyg rdwfaqG? usKyfwdkUtwGufawmhudk? tifrwefpum;vHkwJh vlawGygAsm}
uJ/ /]aumif;ygavAsm? aumif;ygav&JU? onfvdk cifAs? a&S;OD;pGm rESif;ñGefUxH uRefawmf pma&;NyD; ydkUcJhpOftcgu uRefawmfae&yfudk wpfcgwnf; xnfhNyD; a&ay;vdkufr,fvdkU BuHpnfrdyg&JU? odkUaomf ½Iyf ½Iyf&Suf&SufvlrsdK;awG ac:NyD;vmrSm uRefawmfu pdk;&drfvdkU ae&yfudk wpfcgwnf; rajymao;bJ auseyfatmif uRefawmfhvlu MunhfNyD;wJhtcgrS ac:cJhzdkU pDrHwmudk;cifAs? wjcm;aMumifh r[kwfygbl ;cifAsm? uRef awmfu qlqlnHnH ½Iyf½Iyf&Suf&Suf
BudKufwJhvl r[kwfbl; cifAs? ykvd yfawG ac:vmcJhrSjzifh tvum; qlqlnHnH jzpfukefMurSm uRefawmfu pdk;&drfvd kUygcifAsm}
ñGefU/ /]aumif;vSygNyD&Sif? odkUaomf tcsdefu enf;enf; vifhvdkUrdkU udpö ud k jrefjref wqdwfavmuf ajymjyyg&Sif? awmif ;yefyg&ap}
uJ/ /]pdwfcsyg ajymyghr,f? odkUaomf enf;enf;awmh tcsdefMumvdrfhr,fAs? onf;cH awmh? rESif;ñGefUrS mvnf; tazmf awG ygom;uyJ? onfu udpö NyD;vQif tudkBuD; bdk;&GJqD oGm;Mu&OD;r,fAs? uRefawmfhtudku tifrwef avmbBuD;wJh vlwpfa,muf yJ? reJppfwd kufMu&OD ;r,f? pdwfxGufNyDqdkrS jzifh usKyftpfudku tifrwef aMumufp&maumif;wJh vlcifAs? b,fvdkrsm; tajymtqdkMuyfwJh vlwpfa,mufrSef; rodbl ;}
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&Sm;/ /]udkif;Asm? ajymp&m&Sdwm jrefjref ajymprf;yg}
uJ/ /]ajymygr,f cifAsm? uRefawmfwdkU tazu vGefcJhwJh ppfBuD;twGif;rSm ppfrIxrf ;&GufcJhygw,f cifAsm? ppfjzpfonfhtcgu tazrSm toufyif BuD;aomfvnf; a&S;jrefrmrif;vufxufuwnf;u ppfrsdK;ppfEG,fjzpfavawmh tpdk;&rif;rsm;u toufyifBuD;aomfvnf; trIxrf;cGifhjyKcJhygw,f cifAsm? 'gESifh uRefawmfwdkU taz vdkufNyD;oGm;/ ppfajrjyifrSm rusef;rrm&SdwmESifh ppfBuD ;rNyD;cif ajcmufvavmufrS myJ jyefvmcJh&ygw,f cifAsm? ppfxJrSm trIxrf;&GufpOftcgu vcrsm; b,favmuf &w,f rajymwwfygbl;? jyefvmawmhjzifh aiG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;BuD; ygvmwJh vu©Pm &Sdw,fcifAs/ jyefvdkU cPavmufMum&ifyJ NrdKUywfvrf;rSm tdrfBuD ; wpfaqmif0,f? onfu NcHudkvnf; 0,f? 0,fNyD; tifrwef crf;crf;em;em; aexdkifcJhygw,fcifAsm? uRefawmfwdkUvnf; ppfrIxrf;&Gufw,fqdkwm wpf0rf;wpfcg;vSvS pm;EdkifaomufEkdif½Hkavmuf xif ygw,f? tazrSmawmh aMu;aiGawG
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 14
ygvSacsuvm;vdkU tHhMordyg&JU? tHhMoaomfvnf; b,fenf;ESifh &&av? aumif;aumif;rGefrGef ae&xdkif&vdkU vSvSyy oHk ;pGJ&&if NyD;a&mvdkU bmrS ar;jcif; jref;jcif; rvk yfcJhbl; cifAs? uRefawmfwdkUrSm nDtpfudk ESpfa,muf&Sdygw,f cifAsm? bkd ;&GJwJh bdk;uJ wJh? t>rm arG;cifAs? 'gESifh uRefawmfwdkUtazh rdwfaqGOD;om[efwpfa,muf aysmufqHk;oGm;w,fvdkU owif;pmawGxJrSm awGUawmh b,fenf;ESifh aysmufjcif;rvSaysmuf&avovJvdkU tazha&SUrSm uRefawmfwdkU nDtpfudkESpfa,muf wdkifyifESD;aESmMuawmh tazuvnf; bmrS 0ifNyD; rajymbl; cifAs? ajymawmh ajymyg&JUav?
olvJyJ rodwJh [efESifh wpfcGef; ESpf cGGef; 0ifNyD; ajymyg&JU? odkUaomfvnf; OD;om[ef aysmufqHk;wJh taMumif;[m bmaMumifh aysmufqHk;rS ef; uRefawmfwdkU taz od&SdaMumif;udk uRefawmfwdkUjzifh enf;enf;rS r&dyfrdbl;cifAs? odkUaomfvnf; uRefawmf wdkU wpfckawmh &dyf rdw,f cifAs? bmvJqdkawmh uRefawmfwdkU taz[m ppfxJu jyefvmNyD;wJhaemuf wpfpHkwpfckaom ab;Oyg'ftEå&m,fudk tpOfrjywf aMumuf&GHUaewJh vu©Pm &Sdw,f? bm&,fvdkUawmh rqdkEkdifbl ;? wpfpHkwpfckudkawmh ol trSefaMumufaewJh vu©PmyJ? bmaMumifh uRefawmfwdk U odovJqdkawmh uRefawmfwdkUtaz[m t&ifwkef ;u tifrwef owådaumif;aomfvnf; ppfxJu jyefvmNyD ;wJhaemuf wpfa,mufxJawmifrS vrf;ravQmuf0Hhbl; cif As? NyD;awmhvJ qdk;ayhqdkwJh acG;BuD;rsm;ud kvnf; 0,fNyD;arG;xm;w,f? aoewfvdkifpifudkvJ r&&atmif avQmufawmif;NyD; cg;ydkufxJu b,ftcgrS rcsbl;? onf[mawG jrifawmh uRefawmfwdkU nDtpfudk ESpfa,muf tusd K;taMumif;udk ar;? ar;ayrJh rajymbl; cif As? NyD;awmhvJyJ uRefawmfwdkU tazu opfom;ajcaxmufESifh vlrsm; jrif&if tifrwef vefUwwfw,f cifAs/ [dkwavmu vlwpfa,muf rD;&xm;eif;rd&SmvdkU ajcaxmufrSm opfom;BuD;wyfNyD; awmif;pm;ae&&Smwm? taz jrifwmESifh bmrsm; atmufarhw,f rajymwwfygbl;cifAsm? ajcmufvHk;jyL;ESifh oGm;ypfvdkufwm uHaumif;vdkU rrSefayvdkU? 'gawmif uRefawmfwdkUrSm ykvdyfawG bmawG aiGawG xdk;vdkuf&wm awmfawmf ydkufqHukefoGm;ao;w,f? [dkwkef;uawmh onfopfom;ajcaxmufudk bmaMumifh taz onfavmuf rkef;ygvdrfhrwkef;vdk U atmif;arhrdw,f? aemufusawmhrS onft"dyÜg,f &dyfrdwmud k;cifAs? 'gESifh ajym&OD;r,f? onfu rESif;ñGef U&JU taz OD;om[ef aysmufqHk;aMumif; uRefawmfwdkU od&NyD;wJhaemuf oHk;vavmuf tMumrSm wpfaeUoü xrif;pm;NyD; aeMuwkef; tazhemrnfESifh pmwpfapmif &w,f cifAs? pm&vdkU zGif hNyD;vnf; zwfua&m tazvnf; rsufESmrsm; rnf;NyD; wkefwkef,if,ifESifh tajcysuf oGm;vd kufwm uRefawmfwdkUu bmtaMumif;vJvdkU ar;vdkUvnf; r&bl; cifAs? onfuaeUupNyD; uRefawmfwdk Utaz rusef ;rrmjzpfvdkufwm toufodk Uom wdk ifyga&m cifAsm? onfpmvJ uRefawmfwdkU rjrif&ygbl;?
onfvdkESifh wjznf;jznf; wydefydef wañ§mfñ§mfESifhjzpfNyD; ESpfvavmuf tMumrSm tdyf&mxJ vkH;vHk;vJyga&m cifAsm? 'gESifh wpfaeUoüawmh uRefawmfwdkUtazrS tarmBuD;qdkufNyD; aor,fvdkUqJqJ jzpfaeavawmh uRefawmfwdkU nD tpfudk ESpfa,mufvnf; tem;u rcGmbJ jyKpkaecJhMu? n &Spfem&DausmftcsdefavmufrSm wHcg;awG tydwf cdkif;NyD; uRefawmfwdkU ESpfa,mufudk tem;ac:NyD; ajymyga&m cifAsm? uRefawmf wdkU nDtpfudkESpfa,mufvnf ; ckwif wpfbuf wpfcsufu 'l;axmufNyD; em;axmifaeMuw,f cifAs}
&Sm;/ /]bmrsm; ajymovJAsm? ajymprf;yg}
uJ/ /]onfvdkcifAs? ighom;rsm;&,fwJh? tazhrS m ,ckpdwf rat;wJh tcsufwpfck &Sdw,fwJh? onftcsufu bmvJqdkawmh OD;om[ef&JU orD; rES if;ñGefUuav;udk tazu rw&m;ojzifh epfematmif jyKusifhcJhrdw,fwJh? tazhrSm ypö nf;b@mawGrsm;pGm &SdwJhteufu rESif ;ñGefUuav;u wpf0ufrQ &xdkufaomfvnf; tazu avmbxGufNyD;
wpfjym;wpfcsyfrS cG Ja0NyD; rap;bJ aecJhrdw,fwJh? avmb? avmb w,fcufyguvm;wJh? ukd,fvnf; ukefatmif roHk;Edk if/ olrsm;vnf; cG Ja0NyD; ray;&uf? w,fcufyguvm;wJh ajymNyD; acgif;tHk;atmuf u uEkurmaowåmuav;wpfvHk; xkwf,ljyNyd ; onftxJrSm ykvJaumif; ykvJjrwf 30 rQudk rESif;ñGefUxJ ay;ydkUzdkU tazBuHcJhaomfvnf; ay;cgeD;us&if vufwkefwkefNyD; ray;&uf Ekdifbl;wJh? onfawmh igr&SdwJh aemufudk rif;wd kUu ay;ydkU&pfMuyguG,fwJh? NyD;awmhrSwpf cg tazu rESif;ñGefUESifh igwdkUESifh qufoG,fyHk taMumif;ajymjyOD;r,fwJh? rES if;ñGefUtaz OD;om[efu ESvHk;a&m*gpG Jaew,fwJh? pGJuyfayrJh onftaMumif; b,folrS rodbl;? igwpfa,mufom odw,f? olvnf; cyf ayghayghESifh aecJhwmayghav? 'gESif h ppfajrjyif rSm twlwuG
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xrf;&GufaeMuwkef; igwdkU ESpfa,mufypönf; b@mrsm;pGmwdkUudk twlwuG &&SdMuw,f? b,fyHk b,fenf;ESifh &w,fqdkwmudkawmh tazajymjyzdkU tcsdef r&S dbl;? 'gESifh tazu t&ifjyefESifhvdkU ypönf;awG ,lNyD; vmESifhcJh? aemuf ola&mufvmawmh ol UtwGuf tpk olvmNyD ; awmif;wmayghav? awmif;vmawmh igwdkUESpfa,muf ta0rnDMubl;aygh? ta0rnDavawmh wpfa,mufwpfa,muf rdk;vm;uJvm;ESifh pum;rsm;NyD; aeMuwkef; jzKef;ceJqdk oli,fcsif; armifom[efu a'gowBuD;ESifh xdkif&mu xvdk ufyga&muG,f? xvdkufonfESif h wpfjyKdifeuf olU&ifbwf
olESdyfNyD; a&SUxd k;toGm;? igvnf; qD;NyD; qGJvdkufr,fvkyfwkef; rqGJrd bl;a[h? rsufESmESifh usoGm;&S mNyD ; oH aowå mESifh acgif;ESifh aqmifhoGm;NyD; Murf;ay:rSm yufvufBuD; pif;aeyga&ma[h? onfawmh tazu xlr,fvdkUvnf; vkyfyga&m toufvnf; r&Sd&Smygbl;? ckeifu ajymwJh ESvHk;a&m*gESifhyJ ao&Smavovm;? aowåmESifh aqmifhrdvdkU ao&Smavovm;? tazjzifh rajymwwfbl;uG,f? odkUaomf tazhvufcsufaMumifh ao&Smwmjzifh r[kwfygbl;uG,f? tazvnf ; aocgeD; ighom;rsm;udk vdrfNyD; rajymygbl;? 'gESifh tazvnf; b,f hES,f vkyf&r,frod? 'gES ifh thHtm;oifhNyD;aewkef; tdrfrSm cdkif;wJh tapcH ijym;u tcef;xJ 0if NyD ; vmwmudk ;uGJ? vmvmjcif ; olu wHcg;udk ydwfwJh NyD q&ma&U bmrS rpd k;&drfESifh? uRefawmf wpfa,mufvHk ; &Sdao;w,fwJh? q&m owfaMumif; b,folrS rodap&bl;? uRefawmf EIwfvHkygw,f q&m&JUwJh? onfawmh onftavmif;udk tomuav; jr§KyfypfvdkufvQif NyD;a&m r[kwfvm; q&m&,fwJh? ajymwmudk;uGJY/ onfawmh igu ig rowfaMumif; ajymawmh olu uRefawmf odygw,f q&mwJh/ q&mwdkU vufOD; pum;rsm;a&m? rsm;NyD ; q&mu ½dkufvdkufwJhtoH uRefawmfMum;ygw,f? ruG,fygESifh q&m? uRefawmfhudk ,HkMunfhyg? EIwfvHkygw,f? udpö r&Sdygbl;? wpftdrfvHk;vnf; tdyfukefMuygNyD? tavmif;udk tomuav; vlrodatmif jr§KyfypfvdkufvQif NyD;a&m r[kwfbl;vm;wJh? ajymwmudk;uGJ U? onf awmh udk,fhtapcHuawmif udk,fowfw,f xifaeNyD; Opö m? ½Hk;usvQifvnf; ighpum;uk d ,HkMur,f r[kwfacsbl;? r,HkrSjzifh ig cufacs&JUvdkU atmif;arhNyD; ijym; tBuHtwdkif; vdkufemNyD; tavmif;udk q&mwynfhESpfa,muf nwGif;csif; 0if;xJrSm wl;NyD; jr§KyfvdkufMuwmudk;uGJU} [k armif bd k;uJvnf; zcif\ taMumif;rsm;udk Mum;od&onfESifh rsuf&nfrqnfEdkifatmif &Sdae&Smav\/
¤if;aemuf armif bkd;uJvnf; qufvufí ]udkif; onfawmh onftrIrSm uRefawmfwd kU tjypf r[kwfaMumif; xif&Sm;NyD r[k wfvm;cifAsm? 'gESifh tazu ajymwm qufNyD; uRefawmf ajymyg&apOD;?
]igwdkUvJ tavmif;udk wl ;NyD; jr§Kyf? jr§KyfNyD;awmh avb xGufvmjyefwmudk;uGJU? onftavmif;udk zHk;zdEkdif vQif ypö nf;udkvnf; igrzH k;zdEdkifbl;vm;wJh? onfawmh onf ypö nf;awG qdkif&m tarGcH tarGpm;rsm;udk cGJa0NyD; ray;bJ igcsnf; wpfa,mufwnf; ,l&vQif b,folu odEdkifOD ;rSmvJwJ h? aAGazmufvmjyefwmudk;uGJU? udkif; udk if; ajymae pum;&Snfaea&mhr,f? ig touf&S ifpOftcg avmbEdkifiHvd kufNyD; ay;oifhonfh ypö nf;rsm;udk olUorD;uav;tm; ray;bJ &SdcJhaomfvnf; igaoNyD ;wJhaemuf rif;wdkUu repfem&atmif jyKpkapmifha&Smuf&pfMuyguG,f? ighom;rsm; ypö nf;rsm;teufu wpf0ufud k ol UorD;xH ay;ydkUvdkufMuygbduG,f? uJ uJ ypö nf;xm;wJhae&m taz ajymjyOD;r,f em;axmif? rif ;wdkUem; tazyg;pyfem; uyfMuprf ;uG,f? ypö nf;xm;wJh ae&muav;vdkU ajymum &Sdao;w,f? jzKef;ueJqdk rsufvHk;BuD;awG jyL;NyD;vmwmudk; cifAs? vmNyD ; vSJae&mu vufaxmufNyD; xrvdkUvkyf&m jywif;aygufqDudk vufñdI;xdk;NyD; [dktaumif r0ifygapESifh? vkyfMuyguG,f½dkU? [dktaumif r0ifygapESifhvdkU aMumuftm;vefUtm;ES ifh [pfNyD; atmfwmudkcifAs? onf awmh uRefawmfwdkUvnf; jywif;ayguf&Sd &m jzKef;ceJ
Munfhvdkufawmh vm; vm; cifAsm? jywif;ayguf tjyifbufu vlwpfa,muf rSefjywif;ESifh rsufESmESifh uyfNyD; uRefawmfwdkU&Sd&m Munfhaewm awGU&wmudk; cifAs? onfvlUrsufESmu EIwfcrf;arG; aumif;aumif;cifAs/ aumif;qdkcifAsm? *smrefbk&ifudkifZm EIwfcrf;arG;rsdK;ygyJcifAs? rsuf vHk;uvnf; jyL;wJhtay:rSm tifrwef rkef;xm;wJh pdwfESifh uRefawmfwd kUudk pdkufNyd ; Munfhaewmudk; cifAs? onfvljrifawmh uRefawmfwkd U nDtpfudk ESpfa,mufvnf; jzKef;ceJqdk xNyD; ol&Sd&m jywif;aygufud k ajy;oGm;Mu? tem;vnf; a&muf ua&m olvnf; r&Sdbl; cifAs? 'gES ifh uRefawmfwdkUvnf; tazckwifem; jyefvmMu? a&mufvn;f a&mufua&m tazvnf; touf r&Sdygbl; cifAsm? 'gESifh onfnu tazh tavmif;jyifNyD; tdyfMuawmh reufusawmh uRefawmfwdkU tazhaowåmawG pm;yGJ tHqGJawG?
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uRefawmfwdkUtm; rsufES muJcwfvsuf &SdavvQif uRefawmfwkd UrSmvnf; txufyg xl;qef ;vSaom tjcif ;t&mrsm;udk Mum;&ojzifh awG;awmum &SdaeMu&mrS armifpH&Sm;vnf; xkdif&mrS xí
]awmfygayw,fAsm udkbdk;uJ? cifAsm; oabm ½dk;ajzmifhyHk csD ;rGrf;rdygayw,f? udkif; udkif; cifAsm;vnf; cifAsm; odoavmuf ajymNyD;ayNyD? cif Asm;? r&Sif;vif ;wJh tcsufuav;rsm; usKyfwdkU ulNyD; &S if ;Edkifrvm; rodao;bl;? uJ vmMuAsm? nOfhvnf; awmfawmf eufoGm;NyD? udpö NyD;atmif[m udkbdk;&GJtdrfudk oGm;vdkufMuOD ;pdkU}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 17
xdkaemuf armifbdk;uJvnf; t0wfrsm; vJvS,fí uRefawmfwdkU av;OD ;om;onf ,cifu armfawmfum;ESifh xGuf vmcJhMujyefav&m vrf ;c&D;wGif armifbd k;uJvnf ; yg;pyfudk acwårQ yd wfí raebJ r&yfrpJ pum;ajymvsuf &Sdav\/
]uRef awmfhtpfudku onfypö nf;ukdk &SmwJhae&mrSm tifrwef ZGJaumif;wJh vlwpfa,mufyJcifAs? 0if;NcHxJrSm ESHUaeatmif vdkufNyD ;wl;vdkU rawGUawmh b,fES,fvkyfovJ od ovm;? tdrfxJrSm [dkeH&Hacguf onfeH&Hazmuf [dkMurf;acguf onfMurf;azmufESifh aemufqHk;usawmh tdrfay:rS m ypö nf;ta[mif;awG bmawGxm;wJh tcef ;tay:u rsufESmMuufxJrSm oGm;NyD;awGUw,fqdkuyJ cifAs? rsufESmMuufrSm taygufuav; vlwpfa,muf 0ifom½Hk azmufNyD; tHusatmif ydwfxm;wmqdkudk ; cifAs? ypö nf;awG[m uRefawmfhtpfudk rSef ;csuft&awmhjzifh ig;odef;avmufwefvd rfhr,fvdkU ajymw,f} [k ajymavvQif uRefawmf wdkUrSm tHhtm;oifhvsuf &SdaeMu&av\/ ,if;uJhodkU ajymajymqdkqdkESifh vma&mufcJhMu&m wpfcPrQMumvQif armfawmf um;vnf; NrdKUywfvrf;&Sd tdrfBuD ;wpfaqmif twGif;odkU 0ifí qif0ifatmufü &yfwef Uav\/ xdktcsdefüum; nOfh q,fem&DausmfcefU &SdNyD; jzpfav&m uRefawmfwdkU qdkufa&mufNyD;aemuf armifbdk;uJu
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]tvdkav; bk&m; bk&m;? b,fhES,f[mvJa[h} ajymvsuf pufqkyfaom rsufESmxm;ESifh &SdaeonfwGif uRefawmfvnf;
xdkenf;twl ywåmMum;rS iHkUíMunfhvdkufonfwGif tonf;ESvHk;wkefvIyfzG,ftjcif;t&mrsm;udk awGUjrif&av\/ ¤if;tcef;ü wpfckaom jywif;aygufonf yGifhvsuf &Sdonfjzpfí va&mifonf tcef;wGif;odkU xdk;0ifvsuf&Sd&m ¤if;va&mifwGif vlwpfa,muf\ rsufESmonf uRefawmf &Sd&mbufodkU wnfh wnfh vSnfhvsuf atmufydkif;rSmrl va&mifrxdk;ojzifh arSmifrnf;vsuf &Sdae&um; rsufESmonfomvQif wGJ&&G JqGJvsuf &S donfudk awGUjrif&av\/ ¤if;rsufESmrS mvnf; xd yfajymifajymif &S dojzifh armifbdk;uJ\ rsufESmESifh tvGefwlonfjzpf&m uRefawmfrSm armifbdk;uJyif jzpfavoavm[k uRefawmf teD;ü &yfaeol armifbdk;uJudkyif prf;oyfí Munfhrdav\/ ¤if;\ rsufESmrSm tvGefw&m &Tif jyvSonfht[efjzifh uRefawmfwdk U &Sd&mbufodkU vSnfhí jyKH;&,faebdouJhodkU &Sdonfudk
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 19
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 20
uRefawmf/ /]wufEdkifp&m &Sdygw,fAsm}
&Sm;/ /]tJ [kwfNyD? wpfa,mufu onftaygufu BudK;ESifh wG,fNyD; wuf? wufNyD;vdk U olwdkU udpö NyD;awmh onfuyJ jyefNyD;qif;? usefwJh wpfa,mufu BudK;udk jyefNyD; wif? wifNyD; jywif;aygufudk twGif;uaeNyD; ydwf? ydwfNyD; ol uawmh a&S;OD;pGm vmwJh vrf;u ol jyefa&mAs? 'gxuf opfom;ajcaxmufESifhvlu onfBudK;ESifh jyefNyD; tqif;rS m vufacsmfoGm;vdkU vufrSm ta&awG yJhNyD; BudK;rS m aoG;enf;enf; pGef;ae&pfwm usKyf awGU&w,f}
uRefawmf/ /]'guawmh [kwfygNyDwJhAsm? odkUaomf a&S;OD;pGm wufwJh wpfa,muf vluawmh b,f vrf;u wufvdkU onftcef;xJ b,fES,fha&mufovJAs}
&Sm;/ /][m 'g [kwfw,f? onfwpfa,muf[mu awmfawmf xl;qef ;wJh yk*¾ dKvfAs? ol xl;qef ;wJhtwGuf tJonf trI[m awmfawmfuav; xl;qef;aywmyJ? onf jynfrSm onfvlrsdK; usKyfwpfcgrS rawG Uzl;bl;? odkUaomf tdE´d,jynfrsm;rSmawmh onfvlrsdK; taMumif; usKyf zwf&zl;w,f}
uRefawmf/ /] zwfzl;wm rzwfbl;wm tyxm;NyD; b,fyHk b,fenf;ESifh onfvl onftcef;a&mufatmif wufw,f qdkwm ajymjyprf;ygOD;Asm? wHcg;vnf; ydwfxm;w,f? jywif;aygufuvnf; wufvdkU ra&mufEdkifbl;? 'gjzifh b,fyHk wufvmovJAsm}
&Sm;/ /]cifAsm;u usKyf cPcP ajymaewJ h enf;udk toHk;jyKNyD; rMunfhbJudk;As? taMumif;wpfckudk qifjcifwJhtcgrSm tu,fpifppf rjzpfEdkifwJh tcsufawGudk z,fxkwfvdkufvQif usefwJhtcsuf[m b,fvdk yif jzpf yHkray:aomf vnf ; jzpf&r,fvdk U wGuf ,l&r,fAs? udkif; onfawmh onfvl[m jywif;aygufuvnf; rwufEdkifbl;? wHcg;uvnf; ydwfxm;vdk U r0if Edkifbl ;? wHcg;rydwfcif tcef;xJrSm ykef;atmif;NyD;ae&rSmuvJ tcef;u usOf;usOf;? ykef;p&muvJ r&SdvdkU rjzpfEdkifbl;? onfawmh ol b,fhES,f 0ifrvJAs? tcef;xJ a&mufatmif}
uRefawmf/ /]rsuf ESmMuufu taygufu ol 0ifr,f xifw,f}
&Sm;/ /]xifraeESifhAs? tppfyJ? udkif; ud kif; onftaygufu usKyfwuf NyD; Munfhprf;r,f? wqdwfavmuf rD;jyprf;Asm/ udkodef;armif} [k ajymojzif h uRefawmf vnf; rD ;tdrfudk ajr§mufí jyonfwG if armifpH&Sm;onf pm;yGJ ay:wGif ukvm;xdkifwpfckudk wif NyD;aemuf ukvm;xkdifay: odkU wufí jzwfvwf ayghyg;aom olwpfa,mufjzpfonftwdkif;
ckefí qGJiifNyD;vQif bm;ay: odkU wufonfh tvm;uJhodkU taygufi,frS aumhvdrfí wufoGm;av\/ ¤if;aemuf
&Sm;/ /]udkif; udkodef ;armif? rD;tdrfay;vdkufAsm? cifAsm; wufEkdif&JU r[kwfvm;? prf;Munfhprf;? wufom wufygAsm? usKyf qGJwifygr,f? aMomf 'gxuf rESif;ñGefU ae&pf0Hh&JUvm;? udkausmf vS vJ &Sdom;yJ}
ñGefU/ / (owåd&Sdaom oli,fr wpf a,mufjzpfonftwdkif;) ]ae&pf0Hh ygw,f&S if} [k ajymojzifh uRefawmfvnf; armifpH&Sm;\ enf;wl taygufi,frS wufí tay: odkU a&mufavvQif tcef;i,fozG,f&Sdaom taqmuftOD;wGif;od kU a&mufav&m tvsm; 10 ay? teH 6 ay tjrifhrSm 5 aycef UrQ &Sdojzifh uRefawmfwdkUrSm iHkUvsufomvQif aeEdkifMuav\/
armifpH&Sm;vnf ; trdk;udk wD;acgufí MunfhonfESifh wHcg;i,fwpfckudk awGUí zGif hMunfhvdkuf&m ¤if;rSm trdk;ay: odkU
a&mufaom taygufjzpfaMumif; awGU&Sd&ojzifh]jrifvm; udkodef;armif? wpfa,muf[mu onfvrf;u vmNyD; onfvrf;u jyefwJh olyJAs? udkif; udkif; olUajc&mvuf&mrsm; bmrsm;usef&pfovJ MunfhMu&atmif Asm} [k ajymí armifpH&Sm;vnf; Murf;wGif rD;tdrfESifh Munfh½I&m Murf;jyifrSmrl ESpfv rsm;pGmu pkyH kí aeaom jrLrIHwdk Ujzifh zHk;tkyfvsuf &Sd&um; tuav;\ ajc&m yrmPrQ &Sdaom ajc&mrsm;udk jrif&ojzifh uRefawmfrSm rsm;pGm tHhMopGmESifh ]b,fES,fhvJAsm udkpH&Sm;? tuav;ajc&mawGyg uvm;As xl;qef;vSacsuvm;Asm}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 21
&Sm;/ /][kwfw,fAsdKU? usKyfawmifrS ½kwfw&ufawmh tHhMooGm;rdw,f? odkUaomfvnf; tckawmh usKyf &d yfrdygNyD? a[m[dk[mu aowå mvm; bmvm; xm;wJ h t&myJ? aowåmawmh ,loGm;NyD? t&mavmuf &Sd&pfawmhw,f? udkif; udkif; qif;Mupdk UAsm? 'gygyJ? onfhjyif Munfhp&m r&Sdygbl;}
tavmif;&Sd&m tcef;wGif;odkU a&mufjyefvQif uRefawmfu
]tuav; ajc&mawG awGUyH ku cifAsm; b,fhES,f xifovJAsm? uRefawmfjzifh ajc&mMunfhNyD ; rSef;&rSm ajcmufESpfom;t&G,favmufyJ &Sdao;w,f xifw,f}
&Sm;/ /]udkodef;armifuvJAsm cif Asm; usKyfenf;awG od &ufESifh onfenf;awGrsm; toHk;jyKNyD; pOf ;pm;rSayghAs}
uRefawmf/ /]uRef awmfujzif h rpOf;pm;wwfatmif jzpfaeygNyDcif Asm}
&Sm;/ /]udkif; udkif; rpOf;pm;wwfao;&if xyfNyD; MunfhMuOD;pdkU? onftcef;xJrSmawmh bmrsm; awGUOD;rvJ? aoaocsmcsm Munfh&OD;r,f} [k ajymNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;onf rSefbDvl;wpfckud k tdwfrS xkwfí rdrd jyKjrJjzpfonfhtwd kif; Murf;ay:ü 0yfxGm;um t&m0wåKwdk Uudk aocsmpGm Munfh½Ivsuf vnf;aumif;? wdkif;xGmvsuf vnf ;aumif; twefMumatmif &SdaeNyD;aemuf
]usKyfwdkU w,fNyD; uHaumif;w,fAsdKU? onfrrIrSm 'ku©rsm;rsm; pd kufzdkU r&Sdbl;? yxr wufwJhvl[m a[m'DrSm zdwfaewJh uwå↦xJrSm olUajcaxmuf csoGm;w,fAs}
uRefawmf/ /]csoGm;awmh bmjzpfovJAs}
&Sm;/ /]csoGm;awmh olUudk usKyfwdkU rdwmayghAs? onfvdk uwå↦eHUrsdK;rsm;&wJ haemuf r[myx0DajrBuD ; tqHk;wdkifatmif ajy;aomfvnf; rvGwfEdkifatmif teHUcHNyD; vdkufEdkifwJh acG;wpfaumif usKyf odw,fAs? a[m 'gxuf ykvdyft&m&SdawG ajcoH rSwfw,f? ud kif; udkif; olwdkU rvmcif onftavmif; cifAsm; prf;Munfhprf;} [k ajymojzifh uRefawmfonf prf;oyfí Munfh&m
&Sm;/ /]b,fhES,faeovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]awmifhaewmayghAs}
&Sm;/ /]onfhjyif vlaorsm; cifAsm; udkifzl;vm;}
uRefawmf/ /]udkifzl;ygw,f}
&Sm;/ /]awmifhyHkcsif; b,fhES,faeovJ}
uRefawmf/ / (aocsmpGm prf;oyfNyD ;aemuf) ]onfhvdkyif vlaorsm;uawmh awmih f½HkyJawmihfw,f? onf[muawmh taMumawGudk rmNyD; wif;aew,f}
&Sm;/ /]tppfyJAs? udk if; onfu taMumawG wif;wHk;&,f? rsufESmxm;u aocgeD; NzD;jyyH k&,f aygif;NyD; Munfhvd kufawmh b,fyHk awG;csuf&ovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]jyif;xefwJh qdyfvl ;jrm;rsm;ESifh xdrSefNyD;aowJh vlrsm;vnf; onfvdkyJ aew,fvdkU Mum;zl ;w,fAsm? awGUawmh rawGUbl;aybl;}
&Sm;/ /]tppfyJAs onfwdkif;yJ? 'gaMumifh tcef;xJ 0ifvmvmjcif; b,fenf;ESifh onftqdyfudk oGif;vdkufygvdrfhrvJvdkU 'Pf&mudk vdkufNyD;&Smw,f r[kwfvm; &S mawmh bmawGUovJ/ em;aemufrSm ql;av;awGUw,f? ql;rSefwJh 'Pf&muvJ onfvl xdkifaeyHkESifh Munfhvdkufawmh rsufESmMuufrS azmufxm;wJh taygufqDuaeNyD; ypfvdkufwJh 'Pf&mESifhyJ wlw,f? udkif; ud kif; ql;udk Munfhprf;AsdKU}
uRefawmf/ / (ql;udk aocsmpGm MunfhNyD;aemuf) ]awmfawmf qef ;wJh ql;yJAsdKU}
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 22
&Sm;/ /]onfql;rsdK; cifAsm; jrifzl ;&JUvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]rjrif zl;bl;}
&Sm;/ /]b,fjrifbl;rvJAs? usKyfwdkUqDrSm onfql;rsdK; &SdrS r&S dbJ? a[m ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm; a&mufvmMuNyD}
xdkcPü tpdk;&ykvdyf tifpydwfawmf wpfa,mufESifh yk vdyfom;wdkUonf tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmMu&m
¤if ;tifpydwfawmfrS m &efukefodkU ajymif;a&T UvmonfrSm rMumao;onfvnf ; wpfaMumif ;? ¤if;a&mufvmonftwGif; armifpH&Sm;rSm trIwpfckrQ pHkaxmuf&ao;onf r&Sdonfvnf; wpfaMumif;aMumifh xdkolonf armifpH&Sm;\ tpGrf;udk Mum;zl;½H krQ &Sdaomfvnf; rsm;pGm ,H kMunftm;xm;onfh vu©Pm r&Sdacs/
tifpydwfawmfvnf; tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmí awmifajrmuf av;yg;wdkUudk Munf h½INyD;aemuf [efBuD;yefBuD;&Sdonfh trlt&mESifh uRefawmfwdk Utm; Munfh½Ií
]tif; tif; w,faumif; w,fvS? vufonf ray:bl;[kwfp? 'gxuf onf[mawGu b,folawGvJAs? ajc&mawG bmawGESifh b,fhES,faMumifh 0ifNyD; ½IyfESifhMuwmwkef;}
&Sm;/ /]tifpydwfawmfrif;? uRefawmfhukd rjrifbl;ao;rSwfw,f? uRefawmf armifpH&Sm;ygyJAsm}
tifpydwfawmf/ /]aMomf [kwfyg&J Uvm;? 0rf;omygw,f cif Asm oduRrf;&wm? Mum;awmh Mum;zl;yg&JU? vlcsif;awmh onfwpfcgrS awGU&w,f? uRefawmfemrnf armiftkef;ckdifygwJhAsm? tif; tif; w,faumif;? w,fvSwJh trIuav; ygyJ? vufonf ray:bl;ayghav? [kwfp? 'gxuf bmaMumifh aow,f cifAsm; xifovJAsm? cifAsm;taMumif; Mum;zl;yg&JU? onfwpfcg odMua&myav}
&Sm;/ /]uRefawmf ajymzdkU vdkygzl;Asm? cifAsm;vnf; odEdkifygw,f MunfhygOD;awmh}
ckdif/ /]aMomf onftrIawmh cifAsm; ÓPf rrS DEdkifbl; rSwfw,f? cifAsm; pHkaxmufyHkawG uRefawmfvnf; Mum;awmh Mum;zl;yg&JU? odkUaomf cifAsm; pOf ;pm;yHkawGu ÓPfaumif;vdkU onfavmuf r[kwfbl; uHaumif ;vdkU ay:wmawG xifw,fAs? usKyf wd kU pum;yHk &Sdw,f r[kwfvm;/ Muufuef;qeftdk;awGUqdkwmrsdK; vdkayghAs} [k ajymvQif armifpH&Sm;vn; uRefawmftm; Munfhum rodrom jyKH;&,fvsuf rnfodkUrQ rajymbJ &Sdaeav\/
tifpydwfawmf OD;tkef;cdkifvnf ; wkyfcdkifcefUjim;ojzifh ykvdyfom;yDyD &Sdaom udk,fBuD;jzif h &ifaumhum acwårQ pBuø avQmufNyD;aemuf ]tbdk;aiG ig;odef;avmufwefwJh ausmufoHywåjrm;rsm;vnf; aysmufqHk;w,f? wHcg;vnf; twGif;bufu ydwfxm;w,f? jywif;aygufuaumAsm}
&Sm;/ /]jywif;aygufvnf; twGif;u ydwfxm;w,f? odkUayr,fh jywif;aygufabmifay:rSm ajc&mawG awGUw,fAs}
ckdif/ /]jywif ;aygufudk twGif;u ydwfxm;wmawGU&ifjzifh abmifay:rSm ajc&mawGUayr,fh bmqdkifovJAs? onfvlaowmu avemNyD; aocsif aor,f? wufNyD; aocsif aor,f? odkUaomf ausmufoHywåjrm;awG aysmufaew,fqdk wmu cufaew,f? aMomf usKyf tBuH&NyDAsdKU? udkif; ukdif; bdk;rSDwdkU tcef;jyif xGufMuprf;? udkif; udkpH&Sm; usKyfu onfvdk xifw,fAs? ol UnDarmifbdk;uJu olajymcsuft& raeUnu onftcef;xJrSm olUtpfudkESifh ESpfa,mufwnf; &SdMuw,fqdk r[kwfvm;? onfawmh tpfudkarmifbdk;&GJu avema&m*gESifh aow,f? aoawmh armifbdk;uJu ypönf;awG ,lNyD; xGufoGm;w,f? udkif; usKyfawG;yHk b,fES,fvJAsm? w,fr½dkif;bl; r[kwfvm;}
&Sm;/ /][kwfyHkay:yg&JU? onfawmh armifbdk ;uJvnf; xGufoG m;a&m? vlaouvnf; xkdif&mu xNyD; tcef;wHcg;udk twGif;u aeNyD; uefUvefUcsvdkufua&m onfvdkvm;Asm}
cdkif/ /][m [kwf ayw,f? onftcsufu &Sdayao;w,f? uk dif; 'gjzifh onfvdkaumAsm/ bdk;uJ[m bdk;&GJ nDtpfudk awmfw,f? olwdkUESpfa,muf[m rMumrDu pum;rsm;Muzl;w,f? onf[m usKyfwdkU od&w,f r[kwfvm;? onfhjyifvJ tpfudk bdk;&GJ[m ao&Smw,f? ypönf;awGvnf; aysmufoGm;w,f? 'gvnf; usKyfwdkU od&w,f? raeUnu
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 23
bdk;uJjyefoGm;NyD;wJhaemuf bdk;&GJ[m b,folESifhrSvJ rawGU&bl;? olUtdyf&mrSmvnf; tdyfwJh vu©Pm r&Sdbl;? bdk;&GJ aoyHk rsufESmxm; Munfh&wmuvJ tif; w,fNyD; r[efvSbl;? Munfhaemf usKyf bdk;uJtay: owåKusatmif vkyfvdkufr,f em;axmifMuAs}
&Sm;/ /]aeygOD; rdwfaqG? 'gxuf cifAsm;u tusdK;taMumif; pHkvifatmif rodao;bl;As? a[m'D ql ;uav;[m vlao em;&Gufaemufu awGUw,fAs? tqdyfvl;xm;wJh vu©Pmvnf; &Sdw,f? tavmif;rSm a[m'D pm&Gufvnf; awGUw,f? udkif; onfawmh cifAsm; awG;yH kESifh udkufygrvm;Asm}
ckdif/ /]udkufygaomf aum rdwfaqG? bmjyKvdkU rudkuf&rSmvJ? onfu tqdyfvl;xm;wJh ql;[m bdk;uJ&JU ql;r[kwf&if b,folUql; jzpfEkdifOD;rSmvJAs? onfpm&Gufu bmvJ? av;OD;om;vufcsuf wJh? onf[mu tvum; bdk;uJu xifa,mifxifrSm; jzpfatmif ÓPfqifwJh tvHk;awG ygAsm? ykvdyfvkyfaeNyD; onfavmufrS ryg;&if cufaea&maygh? odkUaomfvnf; bdk;uJ[m olUtpfudkudk olowfNyD; b,fvrf;u xGufoGm;ovJ wJh? onf[m wpfckyJ ta&;BuD;w,f? aMomf rsufESmMuufrSm taygufBuD;yguvm;AsdKU}
¤if;aemuf tifpydwfawmf OD;tkef;ckdifvnf; ol\ udk,fum,ESifh rvdkufatmif jzwfvwfayghyg;jcif; &Sdaom trlt&mESifh pm;yG Jay:rS wufí rsufESmMuuftaygufrS wufoGm;NyD;vQif tay:rS aeí
]atmifr,f onfuaeNyD; trdk;ay:wufwJh tayguf &Sdyguvm;AsdKU? cifAsm;wdkU awGUMu&JUvm;? [kwfNyD? [kwfNyD? usKyfxif wJh twdk if;ygyJ} [k ajymí atmufodkU wpfzef qif;vmNyD;aemuf
]a[h bdk;rSDwdkU}
]tcef;jyifrSm bk&m;}
ckdif/ /]udkif; armifbdk;uJudk ac:cJhMua[h? udkif; armifbdk;uJ armifrif;udk uREf kyf armifbdk;&GJ owfrIESifh ,ck zrf ;qD;&vdrfhr,f}
uJ/ /]udkif; uRefawmf rajymbl;vm; cif Asm? 'gaMumifhh uRefawmf rajymbl;vm; cifAsm? uRefawmfhudk xifygvdrfhr,fvdk U uRefawmf txifom;uyJ cifAsm}
&Sm;/ /]udpö r&Sdygbl; armifbdk;uJ? raMumufygESifh? onftrIudk usKyf wwftm;orQ ulnDNyD; &Sif;vif;atmif vkyfay;ygr,f? pdwfomcsaeyg? rpd k;&d rfygESifh}
cdkif/ /]w,fNyD;vnf; tmrcH r&JESifhAsaemf? awmfawmfMumawmh udk,hfpum;ESifh ukd,hfywfqdkwmvdk jzpfaer,f? r&JbJESifh uRJrpD;ESifh As? udkpH&Sm;}
&Sm;/ /]pdwfcsyg udktkef;cdkif? ukdif ; cifAsm; odcsif&if onftcef;wGif;udk raeUuvmwJh vlESpfa,mufteuf wpfa,muftaMumif;udk trnfemrESifh wuG usKyfajymjyvd kufr,f? ol Uemrnfuawmh armifrdk;oD;ygwJhAsm? onfvl[m pmaumif;aumif;rwwfbl;? jzwf jzwfvwfvwf? vufsmbuf ajcaxmufu opfom;ajcaxmuf wyfxm;w,fAs? toufuawmhjzifh vlvwfxJuyJ? tom; cyfñdkñdk? axmifrsm;vnf; uszl;w,f? onftcsufawG&,f? olUvufz0g;rSm tom;enf;enf; pkwfNyD;aew,fqdk wJh tcsuf&,f? pkaygif;NyD; xnfhvQif
onfvlud k cifAsm; &SmzdkU rcufvSbl; rSwfw,f? onfhjyif wpfa,muf[muawmh ...}cdkif/ / (ajymifavSmifvdkaom rsufESmxm;ESifh) ]udk if; qdkygOD;wJhAsm? onfh jyif wpfa,mufvnf; ygao;owJhudk;? qdk ygOD;Asm}
armifpH&Sm;vnf; udktkef;ckdif\ Mum;jzwfí ajymaom pum;udk trI rxm;aom rsufESmxm;ESifh qufvufí
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 24
]onfhjyifwpfa,mufvl[muawmh awmf awmfxl;qef;wJhvlwpfa,mufyJ? odkUaomf rMumrDtwGif; olwdkU ESpfa,muf vHk;ES ifhawG U&atmif usKyf pDrHEd kifp&m&Sdyg&JUav? udk if; 'gxuf udkodef;armif/ cif Asm;ESifh pum;uav; wpfcGef; ajymyg&apAsm} [k uRefawmftm;ajymojzifh uRefawmfvnf; armifpH&Sm;ESihf twltcef;jyif od kU vdkufoGm; avvQif
&Sm;/ /]udkif; udkodef;armif? cifAsm;vnf; onfudpö rSm wpfae&mu aqmif&Guf &vdrfhr,fAsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /]rESif;ñGefU\ trIjzpfojzif h wpfae&m ruygbl;Asm? q,fae&mu aqmif&Gufqdk&if aqmif&Gufygr,f}&Sm;/ /]udkif ; 'gjzifh onfvdkvkyfayawmh? onftrIudk usKyfwd kU ylylaEG;aEG; udpö NyD;atmif aqmif&GufMurS awmfr,f? &ufa&TUae&if ae&mrusbl;? rESif;ñGefUudk ac:NyD; olUtdrfa&muf atmifvdkufydkU? yd kUNyD; Munfhjrifwdkif abmf*gwef; OD;BuD;qdkwJh tbdk;BuD;tdrfudk oGm;? oGm;NyD; acG;wpfaumif,lcJh? ol ay;vdkufvdrfhr,f? usKyfvnf; pma&;ay;vdkufr,f? usKyfwdkUu usKyfwdkUbmom udk,fhenf;ESifh udk,fvkyf? onfu udktkef;cdkifwdkUuvnf; olwdkUenf;ESifh olwdkU vkyfMuvd rfhr,f? aMomf aeOD;? onfu udkbdk;uJ armfawmfum; ,loGm;ayawmh? rMumapESifhaemf? tckem&Djyef wpfcsufawmifausmfoGm;NyD/ rvif;cif pNyD; vdkuf&&if aumif;w,f}
¤if ;aemuf uRefawmfvnf; armifpH&Sm;ay;aom pmudk ,lí rES if;ñGef UESifhtwl ¤if;\tdrfodkU armfawmfum;ESifh vdkufí ydkUNyD ;vQif Munfh jrifwdkifodkU oGm;a&mufí rSmxm;onfhtwdk if; acG;udk ,lcJ hNyD;vQif em&Djyef ESpfcsufausmfausmfcefUwGif
armifpH&Sm;xH jyef a&mufav\/ 0if;wGif;odkU jyefa&mufvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; avScg;ay:rS qif;vmí
]acG;ygovm;AsdKU? aMomf ae&musNyDAsdKU? 'gxuf udktk ef;ckd ifjzifh jyefoGm;NyDAsdKU? armifbdk;uJwif rubl;? onftdrfu td rfapudk udkausmfvSa&m? xrif;csufwJh rdef;rBuD;a&m tukef zrf;oGm;av&JUAsdKU? wpftdrfvHk;udk &Sif;oGmNyD? olxm;cJ hwJh ykvdyf wpfa,mufyJ &Sd&pfayawmhw,f? udkif; vmygOD ;As? tdrfay:udk}
uRefawmfwdkUvnf; acG;udk tdrf atmufwGif csnfaESmifxm;cJhí ,cifu tcef;wGif;odkU a&mufMuavvQif tavmif;rSmrl t0wfwpfckjzifh zHk;tkyfvsuf&Sd&m ykvdyfwpfa,mufvnf; tcef;0ü pBuø avQmufum &Sdaeav\/ armifpH&Sm;vnf; yk vd yfom;xHrS usm;rsufvHk;rD;tdrfudk iSm;,lNyD;aemuf
]udkif; udkodef;armif onfum;csyfudk vnfyif; wqdwf qGJay;prf ;ygAs? tJ [kwfNyD? udkif; usKyf zdeyfESifh ajctdwfvJ cRwf&OD;r,f? cifAsm; vufudkifyk0g ygovm;? tJ a[m[dku uwå↦rSm ESpfprf;Asm? [kwfNyD? udkif; rsufESmMuufay: cifAsm;? cPavmuf vdkufcJhygOD;Asm}
uRefawmfvnf; armifpH&Sm;ESifhtwl rsufES mMuufay: od kU wufoGm;MuNyD;aemuf jrLrIHrsm;wGif xifvsuf&Sdaom ajc&mrsm;udk Munfh½INyD;vQif
&Sm;/ /]onfajc&muav;awGudk aoaocsmcsm cifAsm; xyfNyD; Munfhprf;ygOD;Asm? bmrsm; xl;jcm;wm awGUovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfjzifh xl ;jcm;wm rawGUvSygbl;Asm? uav; ajc&mvm;? odk Ur[kwf tifrwef ajcao;wJh rdef;rajc&mvm; rSwf wmygyJAsm}
&Sm;/ /]aMomf cifAsm;u i,fvdkU ajymwmudk/ udkif;Asm? ao;i,fwJhtjyif bmrsm; xl;jcm;ao;ovJAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfjzifh t&G,fi,fwJh tjyifawmh xl;jcm;yHk rawGUygbl;Asm}
&Sm;/ /]cifAsm;u rMunf hwwfyJwmudk ;As? onfrSm Munfhprf;As? onf[mu vufsmbuf ajc&m r[kwfvm;? a[mMunf h usKyfu onfbufu ajc&m wpfck csvdkufr,f? udkif; usKyfajc&mESifh olUajc&mES ifh EdIif ;,SOfMunfhprf;? bmrsm; xl;jcm;ovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm; ajc&muawmh ajcacsmif;uav;awG[m pkNyD; aew,f? olUajc&muawmh ajcacsmif;wpfckESifh wpfck tifrwef a0;NyD; uGJuGJjym;jym; &Sdw,f}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 25
&Sm;/ /]tJ [kwfw,fAs? onftcsufyJ ta&;BuD;wm? onftcsuf cifAsm; rSwfxm;aemf? rarhapES ifh? udkif; a[m[d ku trdk;ay:wufwJh tayguf u abmifpGef;udk erf;Munfhprf;? ay; ay; cifAsm; vufud kify0g usKyfud k ay;xm;cJ h}
uRefawmfvnf; armifpH&Sm;apckdif ;onf h twdkif;erf;Munfh&m uwå↦teH U jyif;pGm xGuffvsuf &Sdonfudk awGU&Sd&av\/
&Sm;/ /]tJ'g [dkwpfa,muf ajcaxmufcsoG m;wJh ae&myJAs? udkif ;onf ajc&mudk cifAsm;awmif teHU&&if [dkacG;qdk &if bmajymp&m&SdrvJAs? uJuJ cifAsm; tdrfatmuf qif;oGm;NyD; acG;jzKwfxm;NyD; 0if;xJu usKyfudk apmifhaeESifhAsdKU}
uRefawmfvnf; tdrfatmufodkU qif;oGm;í acG;udk jzKwfNyD;aemuf 0if;wGif;rS apmifhqkdif;vsuf &Sd&m armifpH&Sm;rSm tdrfrdk;ay: odkU a&mufNyD ;aemuf trdk;wpfavQmuf w&G&G wGm;vsuf&Sdonfudk awGUjrif&av\/ tdrfpGef;wpufrdwfodkU a&mufvQif
&Sm;/ /]udkodef;armifvm; AsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfw,f}
&Sm;/ /]onftem;wdk;cJh Asm? usKyf atmufwnfhwnfh u rnf;rnf;[m bmvJ AsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /]pnfBuD; axmifaewmAsdKU}&Sm;/ /]jrJ&JUvm;}
uRefawmf/ / (vIyfí MunfhNyD;aemuf) ]NrJygw,f}
&Sm;/ /]avScg;rsm; rjrifbl;vm;}
uRefawmf/ /]rjrifbl;AsdKU}
&Sm;/ /]tif; awmfawmf pGefUwJh vlyJAsdKU? udkif; ol qif;Edkif&if usKyf bmjyKvkdU rqif;Edkif&rvJ? udkif; vmavAsd KU}
armifpH&Sm;vnf; ayghyg;aom vlwpfa,muf jzpfonfhtwdkif; tdrfrdk;pGef;rS pnfay: odkU jzwfvwfpGm ckefcsí pnfay:rS wpfzef ajray: odkU oufqif;NyD;aemuf uRefawmf\ vufrS ajctdwfESifh zdeyfudk vSrf;,lí pGyf NyD;vQif
]tdrfrdk;ay:rSm usKyfwdkU vlu a[m'D[muav; csypfcJhw,fAsdKU? usKyfawGUvdkU aumuf,lvmcJhao;w,f} [k ajymNyD;vQif jrufjzifh ,ufxm;aom tdwfi,fwpfckudk uRefawmftm; jyav\/ uRef awmfonf jruf tdwfi,fudk vSrf;,l í zGifhMunfh&m tdwftwGif;üum; tqdyfvl;vsuf &Sd onf h ,cifu ql;i,faygif; q,fckrQudk awGU&Sd&av\/
&Sm;/ /]owdESifh udkifAsdKUaemf udkodef;armif? vufpl ;oGm;&if bdk;&GJvdk cifAsm; jzpfNyD;om;yJ? onftdwfuav;awGUwmvnf; usKyfwdkU uHaumif;aumif;yJ? onftaumifrSm onfvufeuf[m tukefyJ rSwfw,f? onfhjyif &SdyHkray:bl ;? onfvufeuf olwdkUrSm &Sdae&if olwdkU zrf;zdkU cyfusyfusyfyJ? udkif; udkodef;armif c&D;awmfawmfa0;a0; vrf;avQmufEdkifygOD;rvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]avQmuf Edkifygao;w,fAsm}
&Sm;/ /]udkif; vm 'gjzifh ay;ay;? usKyfudk acG;ay;} [k ajymojzifh uRefawmfvnf; acG;vnfywfwGif csnfxm;aom oHBudK;udk ay;vdkuf&m armifpH &Sm;vnf; ,cifu uwå↦vl;í xm;aom vufudkifyk0gudk acG;\ ESmacgif ;odkU uyfNyD;aemuf
]udkif; abmfbD? erf;prf;a[h? erf;prf;? teH U&&JUvm;} [k acG;tm; em;vnfbdouJhodkU ajymavvQif acG;vnf; em;vnfbdouJhodkU jznf;ñSif;pGm toHjrnfvsuf &Sdav\/
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 26
¤if ;acG;rSm uRefawmfwkdU jrefrmjynfü aygufzGm;aom acG;rsdK; r[kwf t*Fvef jynfayguf acG;rsdK; jzpfav&m EIwfoD;cRefcRef em;&Gufzm;zm;ESifh aysmufMum;aom udk,f&Sdvsuf tvGefw&m odwwfaom wd&dpmäefrsdK; jzpfavonf/
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;vnf; vufud kify0gudk ta0;odkU ypfvdkufNyD;aemuf acG;udk pnf&Sd&modk U ,loGm;í pnfay: odkU teHUcHapNyD; ¤if;pnf\ xdyf0ü xdkolajccsí oG m;aom ae&mjzpfojzifh uwå ↦eHU jyif;pG m xGufvsuf &Sdonf jzpfaomaMumifh abmfbDonf em;vnfonfh vu©PmES ifh w[D[D jrnf NyD ;vQif xdkoloGm;aom ajc&mudk cH í vdkufoGm;&m uRefawmfwdkUrSm oHBudK;udk udk ifvsuf acG ;aemufrS vdkufygoGm;Mu&av\/
xdk tcsdefüum; t½kPfwufNyD jzpfí ta&SUt&yfrS &J&JeDvsuf vif;a&mif tenf;i,f vmvsuf &S d&m acG;vnf; tdrf0if;aygufrS xGufNyD;aemuf taemufpl;pl; teHUcHvsuf vdkufoGm;ojzifh uRefawmfwdkUonf aemufrS vdkufygvmcJhMu&av\/
,if;uJhodkU acG;aemufrS oHBudK;ud k qGJumvdkufygojzifh acG;vnf; taemufodkU csdK;csnfwpfcg awmifodkU auGUcsnfwpfvSnf hESifh a&SUrS vsifjrefpGm ajy;oGm;vsuf&Sd&m bufywpfaumvdyfausmif;teD; "mwf&xm;vrf;odkU a&mufavvQif acG;onf awmifbufodkU vdkufrnfvdkvd k ajrmufbufodkU vdkufrnfvdkvdk ra0cG JEkdifatmif &Sdaeonfh vu© PmESifh uRefawmfwdkU\ rsufESmudk armhum armhum &Sdaeav\/ ¤if;aemuf ajrodkU acwårQ teHUcHjyefNyD;vQif acG;vnf; teH UcHrdonfh vu©PmESifh ajrmufpl;pl;od kU pGwfí tNrD;ESHUum vdkufoGm;jyefav\/
,if;uJhodkU "mwf &xm;vrf;wpfavQmuf vdkufvmMupOf uRefawmfu
]aeygOD; udkpH&Sm;&,f? onftrIrS m uwå↦uvnf; tcef;xJrSm zdwfaejyef? onfvluvnf; trSwfwrJh uwå↦rSm ajcaxmufcsrdjyef? 'gaMumifhom usKyfwdkU ajc&mcHEdkifawmhwmyav/ onfvdk r[kwfvQifjzifh tcufom;uyJ}
&Sm;/ /]bmcufvdrfhrvJAs? onfenf;u tvG,f qHk;rdkUvd kU? usKyfwdkU vdkufwmudk;As? onfvdk uwå↦eHUESifh ajc&mcHNyD; vdkufzdkU r&Sdbl;qdk&ifvJyJ onfjyifenf;ESifh usLyf vdkufOD;rSmayghAs}
uRefawmf/ /]'gxuf opfom;ajcaxmufESifh vlqdd kwJhtaMumif; cifAsm; b,fhES,faMumifh aoaocsmcsm odovJAsm? uRefawmfjzifh aumif;aumif;em;rvnfao;ygbl;Asm}
&Sm;/ /]bmcufovJAsm? t&Sif;BuD;uyJ? jrefrmppfrIxrf;ESpfa,muf[m ppfajrjyifrSm ppfrIxrf;vsuf &SdpOf ppf om;rsm;teufrS jypfrI usL;vGefwJh vlrsm;udk apmifhMuyfzdk U wm0efusw,f? onftwG if;rSm ypö nf;rsm; jr§KyfESHxm;wJh taMumif;udk olwdkU wpfenf;enf;ESifh odw,f? odawmhum olwdkUtwGuf armifrdk;oD ; qdkwJh vlu jr§Kyfxm;wJh ae&mudk ajryH krsm; qGJNyD;jyw,f? onfawmhum onfu armifrdk;oD;qdkwJh olu olukd,fwk dif bmjyKvdkU wl;r,lbJ olrsm;udk ajryHkqGJNyD; jyygovJwJh? jyrSmayghAsm? oludk,fwdkiffuawmh tusOf;csKyfcHae&avawmh wl;EdkifwJh t&m&Sdrsm;udk ae&mESifh wuG a&;NyD; jywmud k;As? jyawmh *sr'gOD;xGef ;ausmf ESifh OD;om[ef ESpfa,mufvHk;yJvm; odkUr[kwf wpfa,mufwnf;yJvm; oGm;NyD; ypö nf;rsm;udk wl;,l w,f? ,lNyD; wpfpHkwpfck olu uwd xm;cJhonfh twdkif; raqmif&Guf bJ xdkvlawG ypfxm;cJhNyD; olzmom jrefrmjynfudk jyefajy;vmcJh wmudk;As}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm; Opö mu awG;vHk;yJ &Sdwmudk;As? [kwfw,f r[kwfbl;qdkwm wyftyf ajymEdkifwmrS r[kwfyJ}
&Sm;/ /]wyftyfrS wu,fh wyftyfBuD;ayghAsm? onfenf;r[kwf&if onfhjyifenf;rsm; jzpfEdkifOD;rvJAs? 'gESifh bdk;uJwdkU bdk;&G Jwdk U taz *sr'g OD;xGef;ausmfu ypö¶nf;awG ,lvmcJh NyD ; csrf;csrf;omomESifh aexkdifwk ef;rSm pmwpfapmif &wmudk;As? onfpmu bmpmwJhvJ? oljypfrSm;cJhwJh vlawG[m axmifu vGefukef MuNyD qdkwJh taMumif; pm&wmudk;As? 'gaMumifhvnf; onfvl onfavmuf wkefvIyfwmayghAs}
uRefawmf/ /]qdkygOD;Asm}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 27
&Sm;/ /]onfpm &NyD;wJhaemuf opfom;ajcaxmufESifh vlrsm; jrif&if tifrwef aMumufwwfw,fvdkU armifbdk;uJu ajymw,f r[kwfvm;? usKyfwkdUjynfrSm opfom;ajcaxmufwyf&wJh vlvnf; t&Sm;BuD;ygAsm? usKyfjzifh wpfa,mufyJ jrifzl;ygw,f? rD;&xm; eif;rdvdkU 'l;qpfu jzwfNyD; opfom;ajcaxmuf wyf&&Smw,fqdk xifyg&JU? tJ 'Dvludk olu olUvlrSwfvdkU aoewfESihf oGm;typfrSm 'PfaiGawmif awmfawmf avQmfvdkuf&ao;w,fqdk r[kwfvm;? usKyf ajymwJhvl[m jrefrmAsaemf? rSwfxm;}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfuJhAsm}
&Sm;/ /]udkif; ckeifu ajryH krSm vufrSwfxkd;wJ h vl av;a,muf teuf wpfa,mufxJom jrefrm ygw,fAs? onfhjyif [mawGu [dE´LawG? rlqvifrefawG csnf;yJ [kwfp}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfygw,fAsm}
&Sm;/ /]onfawmhum opfom;ajcaxmufESifh jrefrm[m armifrdk;oD ; r[kwf&if b,fol [kwfEdkifrvJAs}
uRefawmf/ /][kwf ygayw,fAsm}
&Sm;/ /]udkif ; udkif; usKyfwdkU udk,fudk armifrdk;oD ; ae&mrSm xm;NyD; Munfhvdkuf MuOD;pdkU? armifrdk;oD;[m axmifu
vGwfvmNyD;wJhaemuf ol&xkdufaom ypö nf;rsm;udk jyef&&efwpfaMumif;? olUtay:ü rw&m;ojzifh jyKusifhoGm;wJh vlrsm;udk vufpm;acs&efwpfaMumif; vmcJ hw,f? vmNyD; *sr'g OD;xGef;ausmf aexdkifwJh t&yfudk olar;jref;pHkprf;vdkU awGUa&m? awGUawmh um twGif;vl wpfa,muf ESifh ol yl ;aygif;a&m? yl;aygif;NyD ; twGif;pum;rsm;&atmif wD;acgufMunfh? Munfhayr,f h ypö nf;jr§Kyfxm;wJhae&m ol rodbl;As? 'gESifh onfvdkaewkef; OD;xGef;ausmf renf;jzpfaew,fvdkU ol owif ;&a&m? &awmh OD;xGef;ausmfrsm; aooGm;&if ypö nf;awG olr&&pfrSm pdk;&drftm;BuD;vGef;wmESif h t&JpGefUNyD; 0if;xJ0if? 0ifNyD; jywif;aygufu acsmif;em;axmifaewkef;rSm aocgeD;qJqJ OD;xGef;ausmf jrifoGm;w,f r[kwfvm;As? OD;xGef;ausmf aoNyD;wJhaemuf onfnrSmyJ tdrfxJudk olazmufNyD;0if? 0ifNyD ; ypö nf;awG arT aESmuf&Sm? &Smayr,f h rawGUavawmh tavmif ;rS mawmif pmuyfNyD; xm;cJhao;w,f r[kwfvm;As? rSwfrdw,f r[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]rSwfrdygw,f}
&Sm;/ /]ud kif; OD;xGef;ausmf aoa&m? aoawmh onfu armifrdk;oD;u bmvkyfovJ? olu wjcm;uaeNyD; ypö nf;rsm;udk [dkolawG &Smwm? awGUw,f rawGUbl;qdkwm owif;em;axmifaewmudk;As? aemufawmh ypö nf;awG rsufESmMuufay:rSm awGUw,fqkdwm ol owif;&a&m? &awmh ol uawmh opfom;ajcaxmufBuD; rpG rf;roefjzpf avawmh tazmfwpfa,muf ac:NyD; tBuHtpnf jyK? jyKwJhtBuHtwdkif;vnf; atmifjrifygay&JU? odkUaomf tazmfvkyfwJh vl[mu uwå↦xJrSm ajccsrdvdkU cuf&SmMuwmudk;As}
uRefawmf/ /]bdk;&GJudk owfwmu armifrdk;oD;u owfwmvm;? tazmfvkyfwJh vl[mu owfwmvm;As}
&Sm;/ /]armifrdk;oD;u owfr,f r[kwfbl;? tazmf[mu owfw,f xifw,f? rdk;oD;u &efNid K;BuD;wmu bd k;&GJwd kU taztay:rS mom &efNidK;BuD ;wmudk;As? tcef;xJrSm olUajc&mawG eif;xm;yHkMunfh&wmawmh olUtazmfu bdk;&GJudk
owf xm;ESifhvdkU rd k;oD;u pdwfaygufNyD; Murf ;ay:rS m aqmifhBuD;atmifhBuD;ESifh eif;xm;wJh vu©PmyJ? odkUayr,fh vGefNyD;wJh trI rdkU olrwwfEd kifavawmh tavmif;udk tomxm;cJhNyD ; ypö¶nf ;awG,lNyD; xGufoGm;Muwmudk;As? ukdif; onfhjyif cifAsm; bmrsm; odcsifao;ovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]olUtazmftaMumif; ajymygOD ;Asm? ol Utazmf[mu vlxl; wpfa,mufyJ xifw,f}
&Sm;/ /]xm;ygaomfaumAsm? tifrwef xl;wJh vlaygh? odkUaomf olUtaMumif;cifAsm; aemufawmh odygvdrfhr,f} [k ajym&if;qdk&if ;ESifh avQmufvmMuojzifh MunfhjrifwdkifodkU a&mufvmMu&m ¤if;t&yfüum;vrf;topf jyifqifcif;usif;vsuf&Sdojzifh acG;vnf; eHab;rS avQmufí ajy;oGm;av\/ wpfcPrQ MumavvQif acG;vnf;
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 28
vrf;eHab;wGif &yf vsuf &Sdaom vSnf;i,fuav;od kU ajy;oGm;í vufajcwdkUjzifh ukwfjcpfum jrnfatmfvsuf &Sdav\/ ¤if;vSnf;i,frSm tjcm;r[kwf &efukefNrdKUay:ü vrf;rsm; jyifonfhtcg uwå↦rsm;udk xnfhí t&nfusd Kaom vSnf ;i,fuav;yif jzpfavaMumif;/
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]aMomf odNyDAsdKU? vm vm ckeifu bufywpfaumvdyfausmif;em;u vrf;qHkrSm abmfbD tpOf;pm;& usyfaewJhae&m odw,fr[k wfvm; tJ 'Du pNyD; olrSm;vmwmyJ} [k ajymNyD ;vQif uRefawmfwdkUvnf; acG ;udk ac:í ,cifu ae&modkU jyefoGm;Mu&av\/
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 33
]usKyfudk,fusKyf ½kyfzsufenf; awmfawmfwwfw,fvdkUawmh xifrdyg&JU? odkUaomf onfavmufawmif aumif;rSef;awmh r&dyfrdaybl;Asm}
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¤if;aemuf armfawmfbkwf armif;orm;tm; armifpH&Sm;u
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 34
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&Sm;/ /]bm&rvJAsm/ armifrdk;oD;u omrnvl r[kwfbl;? vlyg;As? onfvdk rsm; armfawmfbkwfem;u apmifhr,fqdkvQif b,fawmhrS vmawmhrSm r[kwfbl;}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 35
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 36
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 38
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pum;rsm; wwfNyD; wpfaeUoüawmh uRefawmfu xG ufajy;csifwJhtaMumif;rsm; wdkifyifMunf hwmudk;cifAs/ onfawmh olu olUrSm avSwpfpD;&Sdw,fwJh? onfavSay:rSm tkef;oD;awG? bmawG pm;p&mawG rsm;rsm;0SufxnfhNyD; qdyfurf;u csHKwpfckrSm 0SufNyD;xm;r,fwJh? tcGifhomwJh tcgrSm xGufNyD;ajy;vQif olvnf;vdkufygr,fwJh ajymwmudk;cifAs/
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tvGefvQif cspfcifzG,faumif;aom rsufESmxm;wdkUonf wpfOD;aomolü a&maESmvsuf &Sd&mum; wpfckaom *kPfxl;onf wpfckaom *kPfxl;\ Muufoa&udk wdk;wufapvsuf ½IjrifolwdkU\ pdwfü zdkvdIuf tHhMozG,f&m wpfckyif rSwfxif&ay\/ xdkxuf tHhMozG,f&mwpfckrSm xdkrdef;r\ rsufvH k;rsm; jzpfav&m ¤if;\ rsufvHk;wdkUrSm txl;ojzifh ÓPfynm eufeJxufjrufaMumif; xif&S m;aponf jzpfaomaMumifh ½kyfyHkyifjzpfaomfvnf; ¤if;½kyfyHkudk Munfhrdaom olwdk UrSm xkdrdef;ronf ig\ tonf;ESvHk;acsmiftwGif;ü ckduyf ykef;atmif;vsuf &S daom pdwful; tBuHtpnfudkyif od&SdavNyDwum;[k xifrSwfavmufatmif &Sday\/
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uRefawmfonf "mwfyHkudk MunfhNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;vufodkU jyeftyfí xdkrdef;r\ t*Fg½kyfud k csD;rGrf;ajymqdkav&m armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmf ajymqdkonfh pum;rsm;udk em;axmifonfh vu©Pm r&SdbJ "mwfyHkudk pdkufai;um MunfhNyD;aemuf oufyifh½Ií "mwfyHkudk &SyftusÐ tdwfü xnfhxm;vd kufav\/
uRefawmf/ /]"mwfyHk&SiftaMumif;udk wqd wfavmuf rMum;&bl;vm;Asm}
&Sm;/ / (ta0;od kU arQmfMunfhaeonfh rsufESmxm;rsdK;ESifh awGa0um &SdaeNyD;aemuf) ]b,f olUrS usKyf rajymzl;ygbl;Asm? odkUaomfvnf; pum;pyfrdvdkU ajymjy &OD;rS myJAsm}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf tH hMozG,f&maumif;vSaom atmufyg tjzpftysufrsm;udk ajymí jyav&m uRef awmfonf ¤if;\ pum;twdkif; r[kwfbJ 0w¦ KoGm; tpDtpOfuJhodkU wnfxGifNyD ;vQif qdkif&m qdk if&m tcef;cef ;cGJí a&;om;azmfjyvdkufayownf;/
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 45
tcef; (1)
vGefcJhonfh ESpfaygif; ESpfq,fausmfcefUtcsdefu wpfnoü touf q,fh&S pfESpf t&G,fcefU rdef;rysdKwpfa,mufESifh touf ESpfq,fhig;ESpfcefU vkvifysdK wpfa,mufonf rEåav;NrdKU taemufjyif *k Pfwef&yfuGuf &Sd wpfck aom tdrfBuD ; vomcef ;wG if orD;&nf;pm;bm0 Muif em,k,aom trlt&mESifh pum;ajymqdkvsuf &SdMuav\/ xdktdrfBuD;onfum; NrdKU0efOD;vluav;\ tdrfBuD; jzpfav&m rdef;rysdKuav;rSm OD ;vluav;\ wpfa,mufwnf;aom orD;jzpfí trnfrSm rdrdBuD;[lí wGifav\/ rdrdBuD;\ zcifonf armfausmf jr\ zcifESifh oli,fcsif; jzpfMuonfhtavsmuf armifausmfjronf xdktdrfodkU i,f pOftcgrSpí oGm;vm0ifxGufavh&SdcJhonf jzpf&m NrdKU0efOD;vluav;onfvnf; armifausmfjronf oli,fcsif;\ om;jzpfonfhjyif pOf;pm;qif jcifwwfonfh ÓPfynmES ifhvnf; txl;ojzif h jynfhpHk cJhonf jzpfaomaMumifh rdrd\orD; BuD;jyif ;onfhtcgü ¤if;olESifhyif vufxyfxdrf;jrm;aptHh[k tBuH&SdcJhav\/
armifausmfjr\ zcifuvnf; xdkenf;twl tBuHtpnf&SdcJh[ef wlav&m aocgeD;qJqJü ol\om;tm; ¤if;tBuHtpnfud k zGifh[ajymqdkNyD;vQif tz\ pum;udk em;axmif&pfap&ef twefwef rSmxm;cJhav\/ rdrdBuD;rSmvnf; t½kyft&nftm;jzifh vnf;aumif; qdkzG,f&mr&Sd jzpf&avum; armifausmfjrrSm zcif\ pum;udk vdkufem&ef rsm;pGm rcJ,Of;bJ xdktdrfodkU a&S;uenf;wl 0ifxGufoGm;vm&if ;ESifhyif wpfaeUoü vli,fwdkU bm0
cspfBudKufaMumif;udk zGif h[ajymqdkNyD; jzpfMuav\/
armifausmfjrrSm xdktcgü ukd;wef ;pmar;yGJukd atmifjrifNyD; jzpfaomfvnf; pma&;pmcsD tp&Sdaom tpdk;& trIxrf; tvk yftudkifrsdK;ü vkyfudkif&ef rvdk vm;onfjzpfí zcif\ tvkyfjzpfaom yGJpm;vkyfief;udk qufvufvkyfudkifcJh&m armifausmfjronf ¤if;vkyfief;udkvnf ; rESpfoufonf jzpfaomaMumihf rnfodkUaom tvkyfrsdK;onf rdrd\ txHk0goemESifh avsmfnDonfudk a&G;cs,f&if 0wfaMu0wfukefrQomvQif qufvuf vkyfudkifvsuf &SdcJhav\/
,cka&;om;azmfjyvsuf&Sdaom nOfhtcgüum; OD;vluav; vifr,m;wdkUonf rdwfaqGwpfa,muf\ tvªr@myfodkU oGm;a&mufvnfywfcd kuf jzpfojzihf orD;&nf;pm;ESpf a,muf wd kUonf ta&;BuD;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk wdk ifyifvsuf &Sdaeonf h vu©PmESifh tdrfa&SUvomcef;wGif &SdaeMu&m
rdrdBuD;/ /]udkudkjruvJ? udkudkjr&,f zGifhajym&ifvJ ajymjyprf;yg&Sif? uRefrudk r,HkMunfEdkifvdkU pum;ukef rajymovm; udkudkjr&JU}
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BuD;/ /]uRefrwpfa,mufwnf; ajym½Hk ESifh udkudkUrSm toufqHk;½IH;zdkU &Sdw,fvm;}
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jr/ /]'gvnf; udkudk rajymEkdifbl; ESr&,f? udkdukdUud k ,HkMunfvdkU&SdvQif tppt&m&mrSm rsufpdrdS wfNyD ; vHk;vHk;BuD; ,HkMunf&pfygawmh ESr&,f? a[m a':a':wdkU? OD;wdkU jyefvmMuNyD? oGm;NyD ESra&}
¤if;aemuf armifausmf jronf tdrfaemufavScg;rS vsif jrefpGm qif;í oGm;av&m rdrdBuD;rS m wm;qD;jcif;iSm rwwfEdkifbJ rsuf&nf0dkif;vsuf armifausmfjr oGm;&modkU arQmfMunfhum usef&pfav\/
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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tcef; (2)
armifausmf jronf rdrdBuD;wdkU\ tdrfrS qif;vmcJhí ausmufaoG;wef;vrf; wpfavQmuf vsifjrefpGm avQmufvmcJh&m jrif;&xm;wpfpD;udk awGUonfESifh wufpD;NyD;vQif jrif;&xm;orm;tm; "m;wef;&yfuGufodkU armif;ESifapav\/ aps;csdKawmf ajrmufbuf&Sd "m;wef;&yfuGufodkU a&mufaomtcg armifausmfjronf jrif;&xm;ukd &yfapö &xm;cay;NyD;vQif tenf;i,f ajcusifavQmufNyD;aemuf wpfckaom wdkuftdkBuD;odkU a&mufí rdrdtm; olwpfyg;wdkU jrifavoavm[k awmifajrmuf av;yg;wdkUudk Munfh½INyD;vQif rd rd\ tdwfü ygaom aomhESifh wdkufwHcg;udk zGifh í wdkufwGif;odkU 0ifoGm;av\/
twGif;odk U a&mufaomtcg armifausmfjronf wdkufwHcg;udk wzef ydwfNyD;aemuf rdrd\ tdwfxJü aqmif,lcJhaom vufESdyf"mwfrD;udk xkwfí xkd;Munhf&m avScg;ü aumif;rGef oyf,yfpGm 0wfqifvsuf ½kyf&nfoem;urm; &S daom oli,fr wpfa,muf\ tavmif;onf acGvsuf &Sdaeonfudk awGUjrif&av\/ xkdtcg armifausmf jronf xdwfvefU tHhMoonfh trlt&m tenf;rQ r&SdbJ EIwfcrf;udk udkufum olli,fr\ tavmif;udk Munf h½I NyD;aemuf tavmif;ay:rSausmfí wdkufay: odkU avScg;rS wufoGm;av\/ ¤if;wdkuftdkBuD;üum; pm;yGJukvm;xdkif bD½dk rS pö tawmftwef crf;em;oyf,yfaom tdrfaxmif ypönf ;wdkUjzifh jynfhESufvsuf &Sdaomfvnf; xkdtcsdeftcgü vlwpfOD ;wpfa,mufrQ r&SdbJ wdwfqdwfpGm &Sdaeav\/
wdkufay: odkU a&mufaomtcg armifausmfjronf wpfckaom pma&;pm;yG JodkU oGm;NyD;vQif tHqG Jrsm;udk wpfckNyD;vQif wpfck qGJEkwfí twGif;ü &Sdaom t&m0wåKrsm;udk arTaESmufum &SmazG av\/ twGif;üum; aMomf'DrefpmcsKyf? wHqdyfawmfacgif;? "mwfyH k oHk;av;ck? pma&;puúLrsm; tp&Sdonfh ypö nf;wdkUudk awGUav&m armifausmfjronf wpfckpD wD;acgufum Munfhav\/ wpf ckaom tHqGJüum; vd kPfoH ygonfudk Mum;av&m armifausmfjronf ¤if;udk aocsmpGm pHkprf; Munfh½IonfwGif tzHk;wpfck yg&Sdonfudk awGU&S d&av\/ xkdtcg armifausmfjronf rdrdü toifhaqmif,lcJhaom vufeufrsm;ESifh ¤if;tzHk ;ud k prf;oyfí zGifhav&m aemufqHk;ü tzHk;onf yGifhoGm;í twGif;üum; acgufvsuf&Sdaom puúLwpf&Gufudk awGU&Sdav\/ xdkpm&Gufudk jzefUí rD;a&mifwGif MunfhNyD;aomtcg armifausmfjronf pdwfauseyfonfh vu©PmESifh rdrd\ tusÐ tdwftwGif;od kU acgufxnfhí wdkuf\ tay:rS qif;rnf jyKav\/
xdkaemufrS wpfzef tBuH&onfh vu©PmESihf armifausmfjronf pm;yGJ&Sd&modk U wHk Ujyefí vmNyD;vQif rdrd\ tdwfrS vufudkify0gudk xkwfNyD;aemuf rdrd udkifwG,fcJhorQaom t&m0wå KwdkUü rdrd\ vuf&m rxif&pfapjcif;iSg vufudkify0gES ifh aphiSatmif txyfxyf yGwfwdkufav\/ ¤if;aemuf armifausmfjronf vufESdyf"mwfrD;udk xdk;vsuf avScg;rS qif;vmcJh&m oli,fr\ tavmif;teD ;odk U a&mufaomtcg MuufoD;xrdav\/ odk U&mwGif pdwfudk wif;NyD;aemuf tavmif;\rsufESmud k rD;a&mifESifh wnfhwnfh xdk;vsuf twefMum MunfhNyDvQif OD;acgif;ud k&rf;vsuf oufjyif;csrdav\/ xkdaemuf armifausmfjronf wdkufay:rS aqmif,lvmcJhaom pm&G ufud k tusÐ tdwfrS xkwfNyD;aemuf oli,fr\ vufü xnfhNyD;vQif wdkufatmufü aphiSatmif vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh xdk;í MunfhNyD;rS wdkufjyifodkUxGufí wHcg;udk ydwfxm;cJh av\/ xdktcgüum; armifausmfjrrS m rdrd\ tBuHtpnf txajrmufavNyD[l aom rsufESmxm;rsdK;ESifh xGufvmcJh&m wdkuf atmufü vufESd yf"mwfrD;ESifh xdk;í MunfhpOftcgu wpfckaom AD½dktwGif;rS rdrdtm; acsmif;ajrmif; Munhf½Ivsuf &Sdaom vlwpfa,mufudk awGUjrif&rl xdkodkUaom rsuf ESmxm;rsdK; &S dEdkifrnf r[kwfacs/
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 48
tcef; (3)
txufyg tjcif;t&mwdkU jzpfysufNyD;onfhaemuf oH k;&ufajrmufaom aeUü armifausmfjronf ausmufaoG;wef;&yf&Sd rdrd\ aetdrfü t*Fvdyfowif ;pm wpfapmifudk zwf½Ivsuf&Sd&m atmufygtwd kif; awGU&Sd&av\/
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naeu a& Tbd kr S jye fvmaomtcg r dr d\ wd kufce f ;twGi f ; avScg;&i f ;ü opfvGi faom t0wftpm;rsm;ud k
0wfqi fvsuf touf 20 ausm ft& G,fce f U & S dí t½ky ft&nfE Si f h jynf hp H kaom oli,frwpfa,muf\
tavmi f;ud k awG U& S d&onf jzp fa Mumi f ; ? xd ktaMumi f ;ud k y kvdy fXmeod k U taMumi f ; Mum; Ny D ;aemuf y kvdy ft&m& S d
r sm;E Si f h twl rnfonf h yp önf;r sm; aysmufqH k ;ao;onfud k wd kufwGi f ;ü Munf h½ I Mu&m pm;y G Jt HqG Jr sm;ud k
ar TaE Smuf& Smaz Gxm;onf h txdr f;trSwfwd k Uud k awGU& S d&onf jzp faMumif; xk d U jyi f pm;y G Jt HqG Jü tHz H k ;twGi f;& S d
vQ d K U0 Sufí xm;c J haom puúLwp f& Gufr Smvnf; aysmufqH k ;vsuf& S d&m ¤i f ;puúLr Sm O D ; MumñGe f UomvQi f
toH k ;0i fí tjcm;olwd k Uü toH k ;rusonf jzp faomaMumi f h rnfod k Uaom olc d k ;onf rnfonf h tBuHtpnfE Si f h
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¤if;aemuf qufvufí zwfjyefonfrSm
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rnfonf henf;E Si f h xGufc Gmonfud k rawG;awmwwfE d ki fatmi f & S d&aMumi f ;/ oli,fr\ tavmi f;ud k ,c ktcg
aq;½H k BuD ;od k U y d k U Ny D ; Ny D jzp f&m q&m0e fr sm;u ¤i f ;oli,fronf 'Pf&m r& S dojzi f h rnfonf henf;E Si f h touf
qH k ;½ H I ;&onfud k tr Se f rajymE d ki fao;aomfvnf; aoG;½ d k ;om;½ d k ; jzi f h aoqH k ; jci f ; r[kwf ? olwp fyg; owfí
aoq H k;on frsm;r Sm , H kr Sm;z G,f&m r& S da Mumi f ; ? y kvdy ft&m& S dwd k Uonf xd koli,frr Sm rn folrnf0g jzp fon fud k
axmufvSr f;p H kpr f;vsufyi f & S daeMuaMumif; }
owif;pmudk zwf½INyD;aemuf
jr/ / (wpfa,muf wnf ; jyKH;&,fvsuf) ]axmufvSrf;Muav axmufvSrf;Mu? b,fol b,f0g&,fvdkU rif;wdkU ay:atmif axmufvSrf;Ekdif&if axmufaywmaygh? udkif; wpfcgjzifh ig tBuH atmifaumif;yg&JUuG,f}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 49
tcef; (4)
armifausmfjronf rdrdBuD;ESifh xkdaeUnwGif awGUqHkNyD;onfhaemuf rdrdBuD ;wd kU\tdrf oGm;a&muf0ifxGufjcif;r&Sd jzpfcJhav&m wpfaeUoü rdrdBuD;xHrS ta&;BuD;aom pmwpfapmifud k &&Sdav\/ ¤if;pmrSm ...
wdkifyifar;jref;&ef &Sdí uRefrwdkUtdrfodkU ,aeUn qufqufvmcJhyg udkudkjr/
] rdrdBuD; }
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BuD;/ /]uRefr wpfck ar;csifw,f? udkudk rSefrSef ajymrvm;}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 50
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txJrSm ESru vmwJhNyD ; ppfvm; aq;vm; ar;vm; jref ;vm;ESifh vkyf&atmif udkudkowfw,f xifvdkU ar;aewmvm; ESr&,f} [k ajymavvQif rdrdBuD;rSm rdrdMum;aom owif;onf rrSefaom owif; jzpfacsrnfwum;/ igonf cspfvSaom &nf ;pm;tay:ü taMumif;rJh oufouf ouFmruif; jzpfrdacswum;[k 0rf;enf;aom trlt&mESifh rdrd\pum;udk EI wfodrf;NyD;vQif jyuf&,fjyKvdkaomoabmESifhar;jref;aMumif; ajymqdk&m tjcm;pum;wdkUudk qufvuf ajymqdkMuNyD;vQif ESpfOD; cGJcGmoGm;Muaom [lowwf/
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 51
tcef; (5)
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jr/ /]udkxGef;jrifhh a&mufaeNyDvm;? awmfawmfMumoGm;NyD rSwfw,f}
jrifh/ / (armifausmf jr\trlt&mud k aph aphMunfhvsuf) ][kwfuJh? reufrS awGUzdkUvdkU atmufarhwm? ,ckawmh udpöu ta&;BuD;vmavawmh nwG if;csif;yJ wpfacgufjyefNyD; vmcJh&w,fAs? uRefawmfh pmuav; awGUw,f r[kwfvm;}
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jr/ /]OD;MumñGefU tdrfu vlowfrItaMumif ;vm;? owif;pmrSm awG Urdygw,f? bmjzpfvd kUvJ}
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jrifh/ / (armifausmfjr\rsufESmudk aphaphMunfhvsuf) ]rajymwwfygbl; cifAsm? cifAsm; todxJursm; jzpfaervm;vdkU ar;rdwmygyJ}
jr/ /]b,folb,f0g&,fvdkU ykvdyft&m&SdawGawmif pHkprf;vdkU ray:Edkifatmif &SdwJh rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudk uRefawmfu tdrfuaeNyD; odEdk ifyghrvm;Asm? rouFm&ifvnf; wnfhwnfhom zGifhNyD; ar;vdkufyg? 'D rdef;uav;udk cifAsm;u uRefawmf owfw,fvdkU xifovm;}
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jr/ /]aeprf;ygOD;Asm? b,fhES,faMumif h cifAsm;u uRefawmf odw,fvdkU xifEdkif&ovJ}
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jrifh/ /]usDpm;NyD; ar;wmygAsm? pHkaxmuf tif pydwfawmf ud kbwifu onftaMumif;udk cifAsm; odvdrfhr,fvdkU xifaewJhtwGuf uRefawmfu odvdkodjim; vmNyD; pHkprf;jcif; jzpfygw,f? rodvdkU&Sd&ifvnf; aemufxyfNyD; ar;zdkU r&Sd ygbl;Asm} [k NyHK;&,fum ajymNyD;aemuf armifxGef;jrifhonf armifausmfjrudk EIwfqufí tdrfay:rS qif;oGm;av&m armifausmfjrrSm pdwfrauseyf aom rsufESmxm;ESif h armifxGef;jrifhtm; rsufarSmifMuKwfum Munfhí usef&pfav\/
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 54
tcef; (6)
aemufwpfaeUü pH kaxmuf tifpyd wfawmf armifbwifonf pmwdkufrS atmufyg pmwpfapmifudk &&Sdav\/
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owfaMumif;udkom 0efcHvdkufygonf/ 0efcHNyD;aemuf uRefawmfhudk &SmazG&efvnf; rvdkawmhyg/
uRefawmfonf tpdk;& tjypf'Pfudk rcHvdkonf jzpfí rdrdudk,fudkrdrd pD&ifvdkufygonf/
OD;MumñGefU}
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jr/ /]aeygOD;As? OD;MumñG efU[m olUudk,fol owfvdkufNyDvdkU cif Asm;wdkU ,HkMunfw,fvm;}
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tcef; (7)
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BuD;/ /]b,f hES,fvJ OD;jrwfom? tckwavm &SifwdkU q&mBuD;u tvnftywf tm;BuD; rsm;aew,f xifw,f}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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wif/ /]ol tck b,frSm aew,f qdkwm rcifMunf rodbl;vm;}
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xkdtcgüum; armifbwifonf rcifMunfxHrS ¤if;taMumif;ESifh ywfouf í owif;xl; &&Sd&ef rarQmfvifhawmhonf jzpfaomaMumifh [dk w,frS xGufoGm;í ykvdyf t&m&SdwdkUtm; rD;&xm; blwm½Hk? oabFmqd yf tp&Sdonfh ae&mwdkUrS apmifhqdkif; Munfh ½I&ef apvTwfvsuf &Sdav\/
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 68
tcef; (11)
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jrifh/ / (NyHK;&,fvsuf) ]udk,f cspfcif MuifemvmcJhwJh &nf;pm; wpfOD ; wpfa,muf[m ,ckvdk trIrsdK; jyKwwfw,f qdkwm ½kwfw&uf ,HkzdkU cJ,Of;ayrSmayghav? uRefawmfawmifrSyif rdwfaqG jzpf½H krQESifh Mum;p wk ef;ursm;jzifh ,Hkawmif r,Hkrdygbl; cifAsm;? odkUaomfvnf; aemuffxyf Mum;&wJh taMumif;rsm;udk csifhcsdefNyD; MunfYjyefawmhvJ r,HkcsifvdkU rae&atmif jzpfaeNyD rdrdBuD;&JU}
BuD;/ /]odkUaomfvnf; 'Dvdk &Sdygw,f&Sif? ol ESifh awGUwJh tcgusawmh b,fvdk &Sif;vif; ajymOD ;r,f qdkwm rodEdkifMuao;ygbl;? olU &Sif;vif ;csufudk rMum;&rD vlwpfbufom;udk tjypfqdkzdkUvJ cJ,Of;ygw,f}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 69
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¤if;aemuf rdwfaqG ESpfa,mufonf "mwfyHk taMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í twefMum jiif;cHkMuNyD;aemuf aemufqHk;ü
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 70
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¤if;aemuf rdwfaqG ES pfa,mufwdkUonf tpdk ;& Oya't& vlowfrI wpfck jzpfyGm;&mü aoaomolonf rnfolrnf0g jzpfonfudk a&S;OD;pGm od&S drSomvQif w&m;cHudk vHkavmufpGm pGJcsuf wif Ekdifonf jzpfí aoaom rdef;uav;onf rnfolrnf0g jzpfonfudk axmufvSrf; pHkprf;&ef ta&;BuD ;aMumif;? rcifMunf qdkaom rdef;uav;rSmvJ aool oli,frud k od&Sdonf[k awG ;xif&ef &Sdonf jzpfaomaMumifh ¤if;tm; xyfrH ppfaq;&aomf oifhavsmfrnf xifaMumif ;ESifh ajymqdk wdkifyifMuNyD;vQif armifbwifonf armifxGef;jrifh tvkyfcef;rS xGufvmcJhav\/
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 71
tcef; (12)
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wifh/ /]'Dvl tay:rSm uRefawmf Ed kifwJ h tcsuf &Sdxm;ygw,f cifAsm? pdwfomcsyg? uRefawmfhud k wpfywfr½dkuf0Hh ygbl; cifAsm}
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 92
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wifh/ /][kwfuJh uRefawmf u EIwfuwd xm;onfxufawmh ydkrdkNyD; bmrS rwwfEk difbl; aygh}
&Sm;/ /]tu,fí roef;jru aiG rxkwfEkdifaomaMumifh jzpfap? cifAsm; ajympum;avmufESifh r,Hk MunfEkdif aomaMumifh jzpfap 'DaiGudk ray;cJh&if b,fhES,fvJAsm}
wifh/ /]'Dvkdqdk&if vuf0wfvufpm;udk &orQESifh a&mif;pm;NyD; roef;jrESifh armifxGef;&DwdkU ESpfa,muftaMumif;udk
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 93
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&Sm;/ /]we*FaEG em&Djyef wpfcsufwdwd [kwfp}
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&Sm;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkodef;armif? tm* Zuf&JwJh vlwpfa,mufyJ [kwfp}
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armifxGef;&D\ aetdrf odkU a&mufMuaomtcg uRefawmfwdk Uonf ¤if;ESifh tqifoifhyif awGUqHkMu&m armifxGef;&D
qdkolrSm touf 30 t&G,fcef U &Sdí rGefrGef&nf&nfESifh tawmf yif acsmarmvS yaom olwpfa,muf jzpfav&m 0wfyHkpm;yHk aeyHkxdkifyHk wdkUrSm rwefyif use aooyfjcif; &Sday\/
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&Sm;/ /]rSefw,f vifr,m; ruGJapcsif &if aiG 5000d udk cifAsm;u xkwfay;awmh? 'gyJ &SdwmyJ}
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 94
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&Sm;/ /]tif; tpkpyfvm;? wpf OD;wnf ;ydkifvm;awmh rajymwwfao;bl;? aiG 5000d &atmif ÓPfqifwJ h txJrSm olygwmawmh trSefyJ? [kdw,fu Aifwdk wpfcGufaomufNyD; owdarhoGm;w,f qd kwm MunfhrSaygh? AifwdkxJrSm aq;cyfwm olyJ? udkif; odkUaomf vufzuf&nf wpfcG uf 0ifaomufMuOD ;pdkUAsm? qmvSNyD}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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&Sm;/ /]onf aq;ykvif;u wjcm;yJ ? bdef;ygwJh tdyfaysmfaq;uyJ? onf[mu wpfykvif;vHk; aomufvdkU
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az/ /]tcef ;xJ a&mufatmif b,fh ES,fvkyfNyD; 0ifovJ q&m? tdrfa&SUuvJ tcef;wHcg; ydwfxm;yguvm;}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 102
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uRefawmf/ / (cdkif;aponfhtwdkif; Munfh½INyD;aemuf)]ay;pmrSm yxrtyd kif;u uavmifoGm;wpfrsdK;? usefwJh tydkif;ESifh aowrf;pmu uavmifoGm;wpfrsdK; r[kwfvm; cifAsm}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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tdyfaysmfaq;rsm; awGU&Sdaomfvnf; ¤if;rdef;r aoqHk;jcif;rSm xdktdyfaysmfaq;aMumifh r[k wf? aoG;aMumrsm;ü tqdyfudk >ywfESifh xdk;oGif;aomaMumifh toufaoqHk;jcif; jzpfaMumif ;ESifh q&m0efu xGufqdkonf [k uRefawmf htm; jyefajymif; ajymjyav\/
uRefawmf/ /]aq;vm0,fwmu t&yfjrifhjrifh vd kUajymygw,f? a';Apfu t&yf vJ rjrifhyguvm;As}
&Sm;/ /]a';Apf0,fwm r[kwfvdkUayghAsm? onftrIrSm onfhjyifvl wpfa,muf &Sdao;w,fvdkU usKyfu tpuwnf;u rajymbl;vm;? udkif; odkUaomf udktkef;azwdkUqD oGm;NyD; vnfMuOD;pd kUAsm? vdkufOD;rvm;}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 105
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xkdaeUrSpí uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;? armiftkef;az wkdUonf xkdoloHk;a,mufwd kU wdkifyifpum; ajymMum;Murnfrsm;udk acsmif;ajrmif; Munfh½Iem;axmif&ef BudK;pm;Muygaomfvnf; ¤if;wdkU oHk;OD; awG UqHkMuonfudkomvQif awGUjrif&í ¤if ;wdkU ajymqdkwdkifyifonfh pum;rsm;udkrl Mum;Edkifavmufatmif tcGifh r&&S dcJhMuacs/
wwd,aeUü rlum; uRefawmfwd kU &nf&G,fonfh twdkif ; xajrmuf atmifjrifcJhav\/ xdknOfUü uRefawmfwdkUonf tDZ&mvifr,m; aexdkif&m wdkufodk U oGm;a&mufpHkprf; Mu&m ¤if;wkdUrSm 32 vrf;&Sd oHk;xyfwdkuf wpfwdkuf\ tay:qHk; xyfü aexdkifvsuf &SdaMumif; od&SdMuojzifh ¤if;wdkuf trdk;ay: odkU wufMuNyD;vQif aumif;uif rSefjywif;aygufudk pdefESifh taygufi,f jzpfatmif xGif;azmufNyD;aemuf apmifhqk dif;vsuf &SdMuav\/
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8 em&D cGJonfESihf wNydKifeuf a';Apf onf tcef;wGif ;odkU 0ifvmí pm;yGJteD; ukvm;xdkif ay:ü xkdifNyD;vQif oHk;OD;om;wkdUonf pum;qlnHpGm ajymqdk jiif;cHkvsuf &SdaeMuav\/
tDZ&m/ /]aiGvdk w,fAs? aiG tm;BuD;vdkaew,f? wdkufcuvJ ylvS qlvSNyD? ykvdyfuvJ usKyf wkdUudk rouFmwJh vu©Pm &Sdw,f? aiG&atmif jrefjref vkyfawmhAs? usKyfwdkU a0pkuav; ,lNyD ; td Ed´,jynf oGm;csifvSNyD}
a';Apf/ /]b,fhES,fvkyfrvJAs? usKyfrSmvJ aiGr&Sdbl;? usKyfrdfef;r xm;cJhwJh tarGuav; &zdkU[mvJ cifAsm; *Gvkyfwm r[kwfbl;vm;}
tDZ&m/ /]usKyfu wHcg;udkvJ ydwfxm;cJhw,f? >ywfudkvJ ,lcJhw,f? wdkufaemufab;uvJ qif ;vmcJhw,f? bmvdkao;vJ? cifAsm;u ÓPfuGefUNyD ; pHkaxmufawG wdkifvm;bmvm; vkyfvdkU tm;vHk; *Gusukefw,f r[kwfvm;As}
a';Apf/ /]cifAsm;uaum tdyfaysmfaq;ykvif;udk arhNyD ; xm;cJhw,f r[kwf bl;vm;As}
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&Sm;/ /]udktkef;az tDZ&mh aemufudk jrefjrefvd kuf ? jref jrefvdkuf? avScg;u qif;ajy;w,f? vkdufyg vdkufyg? onf [mawmh usKyfwdkU Munfh&pfyghr,f} [k ajymqdkojzifh armiftkef;azonf c&mudk rIwfvsuf avScg;rS tajy;qif;í vdkufav\/
wdkufatmufrSmvJ uRefawmfwdkUonf apmapmuyif ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm;udk apmifhqdkif;í aeaponf jzpfaomaMumifh ¤if;wdkUvnf; nmoHay;í tDZ&m\ aemufodkU vdkufMuav\/
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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ausmf/ /]wpfckajymxm;yg&ap OD;pH&Sm;? 'DtrIrSm aiGukefvdkU ta&;rBuD;? ukefcsifoavmuf ukefygap?rSefwJhtwdkif;
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&Sm;/ /]uRefawmfu r&SdEGrf;yg;aom vlrsm;\ trIudk tcrJh aqmif&Gufí wwfEkdifolrsm;\ trIü tenf;trsm; r&Sd? worwfwnf; uRefawmf ,l ygonf}
ausmf/ /]aMomf cifAsm;u aiG ta&;rBuD;wJhvludk? aiGudk *½krpdkufvQif emrnfBuD;zdkUawmh *½kpd kufzdkU &Sdygw,f? 'DtrIrSm cifAsm; aqmif&GufvdkU atmifjrifcJhvdkU &Sd&if jrefrmjynf wpfjynfvHk; cifAsm;emrnf xGufoGm;ygvdrfhrnf}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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&Sm;/ /]'D[mrsdK;awG rvk yfprf;ygESif h OD;rif;ausmf Asm? xrif ;pm;NyD;vdkU 0rf;awmifh aewJhtcgrSm vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm;
rvkyfprf;yg&apES ifh} xdktcg OD ;rif;ausmf onf owd &onfhtaejzifh trsuf udk ½k wfw&uf csKyfwnf;í
ausmf/ /]'gawmh cifAsm; oabmaygh? cifAsm; oabmrusvQifvJ usKyftrI vufrcH½Hk &Sdwmaygh? usKyfudk qefUusif buf jyKjcif;[m cifAsm; vGJNyD? cifAsm;avmuf ruwJh vlawG usKyfESdrfcJhwm b,fESpfa,muf&SdNyDvJ? usKyfESifh qdk ifjydKifNyD; usKyf'Pfudk cHEdkifwJhvl wpfa,mufrS rawGUao;bl;? cifAsm; owdxm;vdkufyg}
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&Sm;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkodef;armif? b,fvdk xifjrifcsufrsm; ay;p&m&SdovJ}uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmhf xifjrifcsufuawmh olU½kyfvu©Pmudk axmufjcif;jzifh onfvd kvl[m olvdkcsifwJh t&m&SdNyD qd krSjzifh r,m;toufaom bmaom ...}
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&Sm;/ /]qdkif rqd kif qH k;jzwfzdkU[m uRefawmhf tvkyfjzpfygw,f}ausmf/ /]&SdygapawmhAsm? ar;vdkU &S drS ajym&wmaygh? udkif; cifAsm; odcsifwm ar;ygawmh}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 126
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 138
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 139
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 140
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&Sm;/ /]onfwpfaeUwnf; 0ifNyD; Munfh&if owif;pmawG[m azmufrdazmuf&m azmuf zwfvdk U a&maESmNyD; ae&r,fAs? tckawmh olU&ufpGJ ESif h ol Murf;ay:rSm tpOfvkduf xyfNyD; xm;wm awGU&w,f? aeUwkdif; zwf[ef oP² mefwlw,f? odk Uaomf aeOD;} [k ajymí armifpH&S m;onf rdrdaqmif NrJjzpfaom rSefbDvl;udk xkwfNyD;aemuf owif;pm wpfapmifpD aocsmpGm Munfh½INyD;vQif
&Sm;/ /]usKyfxifwJh twkdif;yJ udkodef;armif? owif;pm tzHk;wkdif;rSm jrLuav;awG wifNyD;aew,f? wpfapmifzwfNyD; csxm;&if jrLwifae&if wpf&ufyJ ? tm;vH k;azmufNyD; zwf&if tay:qHk; owif;pmrSmom jrLwif&r,f r[kwfbl;vm;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfygayw,fAsm}
&Sm;/ /]odkYaomf bmowif;rsm; awGUcsifvdkU aeUwkdif;rSefrSefvmNyD; zwfovJ Munfhprf ;&atmifAsm} [k ajymí armifpH&Sm;onf owif;pmrsm;udk wpfckpD vSefavSm Munfh½INyD;vQif
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 157
&Sm;/ /]tvdk Munfhprf ;AsdKU udkodef;armif? a[m'gu OD;ay:odkif; ted pöa&mufaMumif;udk "mwfyHkESifhwuG xnfhxm;yguvm;} [k ajymNyD ;aemuf owif;pmudk uRef awmhf tm; vSrf;í ay;ojzifh Munfh½IonfwGif OD;ay:odkif; \ "mwfyH kwpfjcrf;ESifh wuG tedpö a&mufonfh taMumif;udk tusOf;csKyf a&;om;xm;&SdaMumif; awGU&\/ "mwfyHkwGif awGU&Sd&onfh twkdif; axmufcsifh&aomf OD;ay:odkif; onf ESmacgif;cRefcRef rsufcHk;wkwfwkwf em;&Gufum;um; yg;pyfNyJNyJ &Sd\/ tawmftwef cufxefonfh vu©Pmvnf; &Sd\/ uRefawmfonf "mwfyHkud k MunfhNyD;aemuf
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 158
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uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkpH&Sm;? vlom;pifppf qdk&if ajcaxmufajc&m onfavmufawmif BuD;Ekdifyghrvm;}
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uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh emembm0 aygh}
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uRefawmf/ /]acsmufjcm; csifwJh twGuf ajc&mudk wrif xifatmif vkyfxm;csif xm;EkdifwmayghAsm}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 159
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a&T/ /]onfuaeU ausmif;ydwfwmESifh armfawmfum;ESifh a&mufvmcJhygw,f&Sifh? OD;pH&Sm; a&mufaew,f Mum;vdkU uRef rrS m 0rf;omrdygw,f&Sif? tvum;yg&Sif? awmom;awG[m xifrdxif&m avQmufavQmufNyD; ajymwwf Muygw,f? uRefrwdkU OD;av;udk atmufvrf;q&mqdk NyD; o&Jjzpfoav;? obufjzpfoav;ESifh oGm;ykwf avvGifh ajymaeMuwm yaysmufatmif wqdwf vkyfay;cJh yg&Sif}
&Sm;/ / (oli,fr\ rsufESmuJ udk cwfvsuf)] OD;ay:odkif; [m touf tmrcHrsm; xm;ovm;}a&T/ /]5000d xm;w,fvdkU ajymygw,f&Sif? uRefrudkyJ tarGcH tarGpm; tjzpf ESifh tmrcH ukrÜPDrSm trnfoGif ;NydD;xm;cJhygw,f? tckawmh cufaewmu olvJ aoa&m uk rÜPDpmcsKyfawGuvJ b,frS mxm;cJhrSef; rodvdkU tckxufxd aiGrxkwf&ao;atmif &S daeygw,f&Sif? 'gaMumifh tdrfxJrSm wpfcgxyfNyD; &Smr,fvdkU uRefr vmcJhjcif; jzpfygw,f}
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a&T/ /]rSefygw,f? toufaygifxm;w,f qdkvdkU pmcsKyfudk &Smvdkufwm? wpftdrfvHk;ES UHaeyga&m&Sif? b,frSmrS rawGUbl;? 'gaMumifh pdwfrauseyfao;vd kU ,cktcg xyfNyD; &SmzdkU vmcJhygw,f}
&Sm;/ /]tavmif;udk rD ;oN*ØK[fNyD;rS *loGif;ovm;? onftwdkif; oGif;ovm;}a&T/ / onftwdkif;yJ uRefr *loGif;xm;ygw,f&Sif? udkif; OD;pH&Sm;ESifh pum;ajymae&wmawmh aumif;yg&JU? odkUaomf uRefrudpö av; NyD;pD;atmif tcsdef&Sdcdkuf oGm;NyD; &Smprf;yg&apOD;&Sif}
[k ajymNyD;aemuf rBuD ;a&Tonf &Gmom; oHk;av;a,mufwdk UESif h OD;ay:odkif;\ aetdrfodkU oGm;av\/ &GmvlBuD;vnf; ,refaeUnu tavmif ;ESifh ywfoufí aqmif&Guf&ef&Sdaom udpö rsm;udk aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sd&m
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkpH &Sm;? b,fvdkxifovJ}
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______
aeUvnftcsdefcef Uü q&mr rBuD;a&Tonf uRefawmfwdkU&Sd&m olBuD ;tdrfodkU vmNyD;vQif OD;ay: odkif; \ aetd rfü wpftdrfvHk; tESHYtjym; &SmazGcJhaomfvnf; rnfonfhae&mrS pmcsKyfudk rawG U&SdaMumif;? rdrdrSmvnf; Mum&SnfpGm raeEdkifonf jzpf í jyef&rnf jzpfaMumif;ESifh ajymqdkNyD;vQif uRefawmfwdkUtm; EIwfqufí armfawmfum;jzifh jyefoGm;av\/
¤if;nOfU 12 em&Dausmf tcsdefcefUwGif wpf&G mvHk; tdyfaysmfvsuf &SdMuonf jzpf&m uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wdkUonf vufESd yfrD;wpfckESifh &GmolBuD;\ tdrfrS vQdKU0Suf pGm qif;vmNyD;vQif okomefodkU oGm;Muav\/ OD;ay: odkif ; \ *lodkU a&mufMuaomtcg uRefawmfwdkUonf vufESdyf "mwfrD;ESifh *l0odkU xdk;MunfhonfwGif *lrSm oHwH cg;jzifh ydwfxm;í
aomhcwfvsuf&SdaMumif; awGU&Sd&av\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;rSm ydwfxm;aom aomh cavmufudk zGifhonf t&mXmeü olcdk;rsm;xufyif uRrf;usifol wpfa,muf jzpfav&um; rdrdüygaom vufeuf ud&d,mrsm;ESifh prf;oyfzGifhvSpf&m em&D0uftwGif; aomh yGifh av\/
xk dtcg uRef awmfwdkUonf oHwHcg;udk qGJzGifhí twGif;odkU "mwfrD;jzihf xkd;í MunfhonfwGif omrnopfom;jzihf oifhavsmfatmif jyKvkyfxm;aom acgif;wpfckudk awGU&S d&av\/ ¤if;aemuf ESpfa,mufom;wdkUonf acgif;udk vufudkifrS udkifí qGJxkwfMu&m tawmftwefyif av;vHonfjzpfí wpfckck xnfhoGif;í xm;aMumif;udk ,HkrSm;zG,f&m r&Sdacs/
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 161
acgif;udk ajray: odkU csNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf acgif;zHk;ü pkyfxm;aom 0uftlrsm;udk 0uftlvSnfhjzifh vSnfhí zGifh&m 0uftlwpfacsmif ;udk zGifhrd yifvQif ykyfa[mifaom teHUwdkUonf acgif;twGif;rS axmif;ceJ xGufvmonf jzpfí wpfpHkwpfa,muf\ tavmif;yg&SdaMumif;udk od&SdMu&av\/ 0uftlwpf acsmif;NyD; wpfacsmif; zGifhavav? ykyf pyfaom teHUwdkUonf wdk ;íwdk;í vmavav &SdcJh&m uRefawmfwdkUrSm vufud kifyk0grsm;jzif h ESmacgif;yg;pyfwd kUudk vHkNcHKatmif Muyfwnf;pGm pnf;Mu&av\/
aemufqHk;0uftl zGifhNyD;aomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf acgif ;udk acgif ;&if;zufodkU wGef;z,fí vufESdyf"mwfrD;jzifh xdk;Munfhaomtcg ESpfa,mufom;wdkUrSm tHhMopGmESifh ai;vsuf&SdaeMu&av\/ uRefawmfwdkU\ xifjrifcsufrSm xk dtavmif;onf OD;ay:odk if;\ tavmif; r[kwf[k aumif;aumif;BuD; awG;xifMuNyD; jzpf&m uRefawmfwdkU jrifMu&aom tavmif;rSm q,f&ufcefUMumNyD jzpfí ykyf&dvsuf &Sdaomfvnf; ESmacgif;cRefjcif;? rsufcHk;wkwfjcif;? yg;pyf NyJjcif;? em;&Gufum;jcif; tp&S daom tjcif;t&mwdkUudk xif&Sm;pGm awGUjrif&onf jzpfaomaMumifh OD;ay:odkif;\ tavmif ;ppfppf jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&av\/
xd ktcg armifpH&S m;u ]usKyfwkdU onfwpfcsuf tawG;acsmf jyefNyDAsdKU} [k ajymNyD;aemuf acgif ;udk wpfzef jyefí ydwfNyD;vQif 0uftlrsm;udk rlvtwdkif ; jyefí pkyfMu&av\/ 0uftlig;acsmif;cefU pkyfrdMuvQif reD;ra0;rS cRwfceJ jrnfoH Mum;Mu&av&m uRefawmfwdkUrSm ,cifurl OD;ay:odkif; aoonf r[kwf[k ,HkMunfxm;NyD; jzpf&m
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xkdUaemuf 0uftlrsm;udk qufvufydwfMuNyD ;vQif NyD;pD ;onfESifh wpfNyd Kifeuf oHwHcg;udk zGifhí armifpH&Sm;u acgif;udk ae&mü jyefí rxm;ao;rD *ltwGif;odk U vufESdyf"mwf rD;jzifh xdk;í Munf hvk duf&m ]tvkd w,fae&musyguvm;? MunfhvSnfhprf ;AsdKU udkodef;armif} [k ac:iifojzif h uRefawmfvnf; ¤if;\ aemufrS wGif;xJodkU qif;vkdufav\/
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uRefawmfrSm wHcg;ESifh teD;qHk ; &S daeonfjzpfí wtm;wGef;í zGifhygaomfvnf; ryGifhbJ &Sd&m armifpH&Sm; udk,fwkdifu ulnDí ESpf a,mufom; wGef ;Muygaomfvnf ; tenf;i,f rQ vIyf&Sm; a&GUvsm;jcif ; r&SdbJ NrJckdkifpGJNrJpGm &Sdaeav\/
&Sm;/ /]udkif ; wpfcgjzifh *lxJrSm ydwfNyD;om; jzpfaeNyD? reufvif;rS &Gmu zGifh ay;rSyJ xGufMu&awmh rSmyJ Asd KU}
uRefawmf/ /]vlydwfwmvm; wapäydwfwmvm;}
&Sm;/ /]wapäqdkwm ydwåmayghAs}
uRefawmf/ /]r[kwfbl ;Asm? vlvmNyD; ydwfovm;? wapä vmNyD; ydwfovm; ar;ygw,f}
&Sm;/ /]vlpifppfyg udkodef;armif? wapär[kwfygbl;? udkif; udkif; rxGufEdkifr,fh twlwl vdkkPf acgif;xJudk pHkprf;MutHk;pdkUAsm}
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 162
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh atmufodkU oGm;aom tacgif;udk xkd;í MunfhonfwGif vlwpfa,muf acsmifcsdpGm ykef;atmif;í aeEkdifaom ae&mvyfwpfckud k awGUonfhtjyif "mwfyHkwpfckESifh pmtdyfav;ig;vHk;udk awGU&Sd&av\/
armifpH &Sm;onf "mwf yHkudk ,líMunfh&m rdef;rwpf a,mufonf uav;ESpfa,mufudk 'l;wpfbufwpfcsufwGif wif í ½dkufxm;aom yHkjzpfaMumif; awGU&SdMu&av\/ armifpH&Sm;onf "mwfyHkudk twefMumatmif pkdufí MunfhNyD;aemuf]atmifr,fav; tckrS &dyfrdawmhw,fAsm } [k ajymí uRefawmfu ]bmrsm; &dyfrd wmvJ Asm} [k ar;aomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf rdef;r"mwfyHkudk qHxHk;a&m udk,fyg vufjzifh uG,fNyD;vQif rsufvHk; rsufcHk;wkdUud kom ay:apvsuf
&Sm;/ /]udkif; Munfhprf;? b,folESifh wlovJ}
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uRefawmf/ /]aMomf &dyfrdNyDAsdKU? 'gjzifh ck eifu tavmif ;u OD;ay:odkif; tavmif; tppfr[kwf? olESifh nDtpfudk
trTmarG;ayghAsm}
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&Sm;/ /]udkif; oifhawmfovkd MunfhNyD; awG;MuOD;pdkUAsm? tdyfaysmfr,fawmh r[kwfygbl;? udkodef ;armif usKyf aq;vdyfraomuf &bl;vm;AsdKU}
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&Sm;/ /]usKyfwkdUyg}
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&Sm;/ /]armifpH&Sm;yg ol BuD;&JU? &efukefu pHkaxmuf armifpH&Sm;av}
toH/ /]BuHBuHpnfpnfAsm? b,fhES,f txJ a&mufaeMuovJ}&Sm;/ /]aemufawmh ajymygr,f? zGifhprf ;ygOD;As}
¤if ;aemuf vloHrsm;ESifh oHwl&Gif; uvefUoHrsm;udk Mum;&NyD;vQif ig;rd epfcefU Mumaomtcg oHwH cg; yGifhoGm;av\/ xd ktcsdefüum; rk d;aumif ;pG mvif;í 7 em&D tcsd efcefU &SdNyD jzpfavonf/
tjyifodkUa&mufaomtcg olBuD;u ajymjyonfrSm v,fxGeform;wpfa,mufonf okomefteD;rS jzwfí oGm;aomtcg acgif;BuD; tjyifodkU a&mufaeonfudk jrifojzifh xl;qef ;aom tjcif;t&mudk rdrdtm; vma&muf
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 163
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uRefawmf/ /]EkdY aeygOD;As? ajc&mBuD; wpfawmifavmuf awG Uumu b,fhES,fvJAs}&Sm;/ /]OD;ay:odkif; u olUudk bDvl;jzpfaMumif; &Gmom;rsm;u xifrSwfaMumif; odavawmh aMumufonfxuf aMumufNyD; olU t½kd;tkd;em; roGm;0Hhatmif opfom;ajcaxmufBuD; vkyfNyD; ajc&mcsxm;wmygAs}
xrif;pm;aomufíNyD;MuvQif armifpH&Sm;onf&GmolBuD;ESifhwuG&Gmom;av;ig;a,muf wkdUudkac:iifNyD;vQif OD;ay:odkif; \ aetdrfodkU oGm;a&mufMuav\/ ¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;vnf; xif;rsm;udk ckwfapí tdrf\ ywf0ef;usif vSnfhywfum 0kdif;&HNyD;vQif rD;½dIUap&m rD;rsm; twefi,f ylvmonfESifh wjydKifeuf tdrfrdk ;ay:rS vlwpfa,muf azmufxGif;í ay:vmav\/ xkdtcg &Gmom;wkdUvnf; ]wapäacsmufw,f wapäacsmufw,f} [k atmf[pfvsuf&Sd&m
&Sm;/ /]wapär[kwfygbl; AsmwkdU? OD;ay:odkif; pifppfyg? b,fhES,fvJ OD;ay:odkif; tvG,fwulESif h tzrf;cHrvm;? rD;½dIUNyD; owf&rvm;}
odkif;/ /]tzrf;cHygawmhr,f Asm}
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OD;ay:od kif; udk zrf;qD ;&rd aomtcg
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odkif;/ /]cHygawmh r,fAsm}
&Sm;/ /]udkoHcJudk owfwm cifAsm;awmh r[kwfbl; [kwfvm;}
odkif;/ /]r[kwf&ygbl;Asm? t&ufrl ;NyD; aowmyg}
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odkif;/ /]wpfvavmuf &S dygNyD}
&Sm;/ /]olaooGm;awmh cifAsm;ESifh ½kyfqif;wlavawmh touftmrcHaiGudk cifAsm; vdrfvnfzdkU BuHpnfw,f [kwfp}
odkif;/ /]rSefygw,f}
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 164
odkif;/ /]onfvlu aocsifawmh usKyfESifh yufyif;yg awGUNyD; cifAsm; aow,fqdk bmvkyfaeovJwJh ar;awmh usKyfu usKyftrI ay:rS m pdk;wmESifh vkyf rdvkyf&m vkyfvkdufrdygayw,f}
&Sm;/ /]udkif; udkodef;armif? usKyfwkdU jyefzdkU &Sdawmhw,f}
NyD;ygNyD/
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 165
10/ OD;atmif'Gef;udk b,folowfovJ
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az/ /]tvkd q&mwkdU jyefa&mufvmMuNyDvm;? b,fwkef;u a&mufvmMuovJ q&m}
&Sm;/ /]onfreufyJ a&mufw,f udktkef;az? 'gxuf onftrI rSm w&m;cHudk vufqkyfvufudkif rdwmvm;? odk Ur[kwf pHkaxmufvkdU &wmvm; ud ktkef;az}
az/ / (EIwfcrf;arG ;udk owfvsuf) ]pHkaxmufvk dU ay:wJh trIyg q&m? q&m r&Sdayr,fh uRefawmfvJ wpfrIwpfavawmh ay:atmif pHkaxmufEkdifygao;w,f}
&Sm;/ /]tifrwef xif&Sm;ovm;Asm}
az/ /]xif&Sm;qdk onfhxuf xif&Sm;wJh trI b,frSm &dSao;ovJ q&m? w&m;cHawmh BudK;u b,fvGwfrvJ}
&Sm;/ /]udktkef;az onfuaeU nae rtm;bl;vm;}
az/ /]tm;ygw,f q&m? bmjyKvkdUvJ}
&Sm;/ /]tm;vkdU&Sd&if usKyfwkdUtdrfudk naeavmuf tvnfvmapcsifw,fAsm}
az/ /]vmwmaygh q&m? ig;em&Davmuf a&mufatmif vmcJhygr,f}
&Sm;/ /]vmjzpfatmif vmcJhprf;ygAsm}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmf wkdUonf ½Hk ;rS qif;í vmcJhMu&m
&Sm;/ /]r[kwfvQifvJ vG Ja&mh? w&m;cH Munfh&wm &mZ0wfaumifESifh rwlygbl; cifAsm? b,fhES,fxifovJ udkodef;armif}
uRefawmf/ /]bmaMumifhvJAsm? vlyHkuav; oem;urm; rdkUvm;}
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 166
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uRefawmf/ /]Ekd U bmaMumif hvJAsm}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 170
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 172
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NrdKif/ /]r[k wfyg}
ae/ /]zdeyfudkif qif;vmNyD; tavmif;em;a&mufawmh zdeyfudk pG yfNyD; OD;atmif'Gef;vufu ajcmufvH k;jyL;aoewfudk ,l? ,lNyD; tdrfaemufuxGuf ? 0if;wHcg;em; oGm;NyD; aoewfudk vTifhypfcJhw,f r[kwfvm;}
NrdKif/ / (idkoHygESifh) ]r[kwf&yg}
ae/ /]NyD;awmhrS tdrfaygufu 0ifvmNyD; zdeyfudk cRwfNyD;rS tapcHrsm;udk EId ;w,f r[kwfvm;}
xkdcPü rapmNrdKifonf a&SUae\ ar;cGef;udk ajzqkdjcif; rjyKEkdifbJ rsuf ESmudk vuf0g;ESifh tkyfum idk,dkvsuf &S d&m y&d owf tm;vHk;wd kUrSm tHhtm;oifhvsuf uRefawmf\ rdwfaqG armifpH&Sm;rSmrl tm;&0rf;om&Sdaom rsufESmxm;ESihf uRef awmf tm; wpfcsufwpfcsuf vSrf ;í Munfhav\/ xkdtcg w&m;ol BuD;onf rapmNrdKiftm;
rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh idk,dk&ygoenf ;[k ar;jref ;&m rapmNrd Kifu [kwfrSefonfh twkd if ; ajzmifhcsufay;ygawmhrnf[k ajymNyD;vQif atmufygtwd kif; tppfcHav\/
OD;atmif'Gef;qif;oGm;pOftcgu vufü ajcmufvHk;jyL; aoewfygí oGm;onfudk rdrdtrSef rod&aMumif;? tu,fí rdrd od&S dcJhygrl wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf vGefvGefMuL;MuL; jzpfMurnfudk pdk;&drf&onfjzpf í rdrdu rkcswm;qD;rnf jzpfaMumif;? OD;atmif'Gef; qif;oGm;NyD;aemuf twefMumí aoewfoH Mum;&aomtcg OD;atmif'Gef;onf armifxGef;pdeftm; aoewfESifh ypfowfNyD [lí rSwfxifvsuf qif;oGm;jcif;jzpfaMumif;? aemufaz;wHcg;odkU a&mufí vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh xkd;Munfhaomtcg armifxGef;pdef\ tavmif;r[kwf? OD;atmif'Gef ;\ tavmif;udk awGU&Sd&aMumif;? ¤if;aemuf vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh ta0;odkU xkd ;Munfhaomtcg armifxGef;pdefudk rjrif? OD ;atmif'Gef;\ vufü ajcmufvHk;jyL; aoewfudk awGUjrif&aMumif;? xkdtcg OD;atmif'Gef;rSm armifxGef;pdef owfí ao&jcif;r[kwf?
rdrdudk,frdrd aoewfESifh ypfí owfjcif; jzpfaMumif;udk od&Sd&aMumif;? xkdtcg rdrd\ emrnfESifh touftmrcHaiG 30000 usyfudk ½kwfw&uf oGm;í owd&aMumif;? OD;atmif'Gef;onf rdrdudk,f udk rdrd owf í aojcif; jzpfcJh vQif xkdaiG 30000 usyfudk rdrd&rnf r[kwfonfudkvnf; owd&aMumif ;? odkUjzpf í ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfudk tavmif;\vufrS ,lí wjcm;odkU ypfvkduf&aomf udk,f hudk,fudk owfjcif; xif&Sm;Ekdifrnf r[kwf [lívnf; tBuHjzpfaMumif;? ,if;odkU tBuH&í ajcmufvHk;jyL;udk ,lNyD ;vQif rdrdudk,fwkdif oG m;í ypfacsrl rdrd\ ajc&mudk pHkaxmufrsm; jrifí rd rdtay:ü ouFmruif; jzpfrnfudk pd k;&drfcJhaMumif;? odkUjzpfí ÓPf&vmonf h tavsmuf OD;atmif'G ef;\ zdeyfa[mif; wpf&Hudk tdrfay:rS oGm;í ,lNyD;vQif ¤if;udk pG yfvsuf ajcmufvHk;jyL;ud k ,lNyD;vQif aemufaz; 0if;x&Hudk ausmfí vTwfypfvkdufjcif;jzpfaMumif;? xkdUaemufrS zdeyfudk ae&mwus xm;NyD;vQif tapcHrsm;udk EId;jcif; jzpfaMumif;ESifh tppfcHavvQif w&m;ol BuD;onf vnf;aumif;? a&SUaersm;onf vnf;aumif;? y&dowfrsm;onf vnf;aumif; tHhMovsuf &SdMu&m armifpH&Sm; wpfa,mufomvQif tHhMojcif; uif;vsuf cyfNyHK;NyHK;
rsufESmxm;ES ifh &Sdaeav\/
¤if;aemuf w&m;olBuD;u rapmNrdKiftm; ,if;uJhodkU jyKvkyfjcif;onf tjypfr&Sdaom olwpfa,muftay:ü xifa,mifxifrSm; jzpfapí &ufpufaom oabm&SdaMumif;ESifh tjypfwifav&m rapmNrdKifu rdrdonf ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewf udk oGm;a&mufpGefUypfpOf tcgu xkdtrIü tenf;i,frQ owd r&rdcJhaMumif ;? tu,fí armifxGef;pdef tay:ü tjypfa&mufvdrfhrnf [lí rdrd yxr odcJh&ygrl rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ xkduJhodkU jyKvkyfvdrfhrnf r[kwfaMumif;? rdrdrSmvnf; tu,fí vifa,mufsm; aoqHk;cJhvQif touftmrcH xm;aom aiGrS wpfyg; wpfjym;wpfcsyfrQ r&Sdonf jzpfaomaMumifh BuH rdBuH&m BuHpnf&jcif; jzpfaMumif;rsm;ESifh idk,dkrdum avQmufvJavvQif
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 176
w&m;olBuD;onf rapmNrdKif\ t&G,fuav;udk vnf;aumif;? Eke,fajyjypfaom ½kyf tqif;udk vnf;aumif;? ½kwfw&uf a&Smif wcif jzpf&jcif;ud k vnf;aumif; oem;u½kPm jzpfay:cJ honfh vu©Pm &Sdav\/
,if;uJhodkU u½kPm&Sdonfh t& w&m;cH armifxGef;pdefudk trIrxif&Sm; ojzifh w&m;ao vTwfNyD;aemuf tpdk;&a&SUaeBuD;u rapmNrdKif tay:ü ta&;,l&ef tBuHay;aom tcg w&m;olBuD;onf txuf yg 'ku©udk taMumif;jyKí jypfwifqHk;r ½HkESifh omvQif csrf;om ay;vkdufav\/
xdk nü vrf; 40 &Sd uRefawmfwkdU\ wkdufcef;wGif aowGif;rS vGwfvmaom armifxGef ;pdefonf uRefawmf\ rdwfaqG armifpH&Sm;tm; rdrd\ toufudk u,fq,fonfh twGuf aus;Zl;wifvSaMumif;ESifh tBudrfBudrf tzefzef ajymqkdvsuf &dSavonf/ tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azonf wkdufay: odkU wufvmí armifxGef;pdef\ vufudk qGJum awmif;yefvsuf
az/ /]pdwfr&SdygESifh ukdxGef;pdef? uRefawmfwkdUrSm 0wå&m; rkd Uvkd U ajym&wmygAsm? jypfrIr&SdaMumif; xif&S m;vkdU w&m;cH wpfa,muf vGwfvmjyefawmh uRefawmfu 0rf;omwwfwJh vlwpfa,mufygAsm}
pdef/ /]b,fvkdrS oabmrxm;ygbl; cifAsm;? uRefawmf pdwfauseyfygw,f}
az/ /]aumif;ygavAsm? 'gxuf aeygOD; q&m? OD;atmif'Gef; bmjyKvkdU udk,fhudk,fudk owf&wmvJ q&m&JU}
&Sm;/ /]onfvkdAs? ajcmufvHk;jyL;udk udkifNyD; tdrfay:u qif;vmwkef;uawmh armifxGef;pdefudk awGUvQif ypfowfcsif ypfowfzdkUyJ ? odkUaomfvJ tdrfatmufa&mufawmh armifxGef;pdefu r&S dESif hbl; [k wfp}
pdef/ /]uRefawmfu twefwef EI d;vdk U r&wmESifh pdwfysufNyD; pD;vmcJhwJh jrif;&xm;ESifhyJ jyefoG m;w,fcifAs? awmfawmfvSrf;vSrf;a&mufawmh aoewfoHawmh Mum;yg&JU? EkdUayr,fh onftdrfu rxifwmESifh jyefrvSnf h cJhbl;cifAsm}
&Sm;/ /]'gESifh atmufa&mufawmh armifxGef;pdefudkvJ rawGUbl;? olUqefpuf vkyfief;awGuvnf; tjrwf r&Sd? t½IH;om &Sdw,fvdkU Mum;&jyef? olUr,m;ESifh armifxGef;pdefESifhvJ ..}
pdef/ /]ay;csifwJh opö mudk ay;ygcifAsm? uRefawmf onfvkd opö mr&SdwJh taumifwpfa,muf r[kwf&ygbl; cif Asm}
&Sm;/ /]armifxGef;pdefu r[kwfayrJh olUpdwfuawm h[kwfw,fvkdU xif[ef&Sdw,f r[kwfvm;? onfawmh r[kwfonfjzpfap? [kwfonfjzpfap? xifwJh vlrSmawmh pdwfrcsrf;rom jzpfwm trSefyJ armif&JU? tJ'gaMumifh OD;atmif'Gef;u Murm®iifNyD; ,k efxifaMumifxifES ifh jzpf NyD; ol Uudk,fol aoewfESifh ypfowfvkdufwmaygh udk tkef;az&,f}
az/ /][kwfygvdrfhr,f q&m}
¤if;aemuf we*FaEG wpfywfcefU Mum&Sdaomtcg uRefawmf onf þtrI taMumif;udk owd&onfESifh ]b,fhES,fvJ udkpH&Sm;? armif xGef;pdefwkd U trI u awmhjzifh cif Asm;rSm bmwpfckrS r&vkdufyguvm;Asm} [k jyuf &,fajymrd&m armifpH&Sm;onf xkdif&mrS xí wkdifü csdwfxm;aom ¤if;\ tusÐ tdwfrS a&TpD;u&uf wpfbl;udk xkwfNyD;vQif uRefawmfhtm;jyí
&Sm;/ /]r&bl; qkdayrJh tcsnf;ESD;awmh r[kwfao;bl;AsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fuvJAs? armifxGef;pdefqDuvm;}
&Sm;/ /]touftmrcH ukrÜPDuav? ausmbufu vSnfhMunfhygvm;}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 177
xkd tcg uRefawmfonf pD;u&ufbl;\ ausmbufudk vSnfhMunfh&m touftmrcHukrÜPD\ trnfESifh wuG pHkaxmufBuD; OD;pH&Sm;tm; aus;Zl;wif pum;rsm; yg&Sdonfudk awG Ujrif&avownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
__________________
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 178
11/ w½kwfujym;rav; rusifNrdKiftrI
av tvGefw&mjyif;xefaom wpfreufü uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkd Uonf {nfhcef;wGif xkdifí a&S;a[mif; aESmif ;jzpfrsm;udk jyefajymif ;ajymqkdvsuf&SdaeMupOf tcef;wHcg;onf 'dkif;ueJ jyif;xefpG myGifhvmNyD;vQif t&yftarmif; tvG efw&m xGm;BudKif;í um,AvESifh jynfhpHkaom vlwpfa,mufonf abmif;bDwk duav;ESifh pGwfus,ftusÐudk
0wfum tcef;wGif;odkU ½kwfw&uf 0ifvmí rkef;xm;aom rsufESmxm;ESifh uRefawmf wkdY\ rsufESmudk wpfa,mufpDMunfhNyD;rS ]udkpH&Sm;qk dwm b,f'if;vJ} [k ar;av\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf udkufxm;aom aq;wHudk yg;pyfrS EIwfNyD;aemuf at;at;aq;aq;&S daom trlt&mESifh OD;acgif;udk ndwfí jyonfwGif xkdolonf armifpH&Sm;\ bufodkU csmueJ vSnfhxnfhí rsuf ESmudk aphaphMunfhum teD;odk U csOf;uyf NyD;vQif
xkdol/ /]a[hq&m? usKyfajymr,f? udk,fhtvkyfudk udk,frvkyfbJESifh olrsm; tvkyfxJ vkdufvkdufNyD; aESmifh,Sufwm cifAsm; b,fhES,fvlvJ}
&Sm;/ / (cyfNyHK;NyHK; rsufES mxm;ESifh ) ]usKyf em;rav;ygbl ;As? atmfus,f atmfus,f rvkyfprf;ygESifh? cyfwkd;wkd ; ajym&ifvJ usKyf Mum;ygw,f}
xkdol/ /]aMomf em;rav;bl; [k wfp? usKyf vufoD;csuf rd wJh tcg us&if em;av;½Hkrubl; ? em;yif;oG m;vdrfhr,f Mum;&JUvm;} [k ajymí xkdolonf pv,fawmif;cefUrQ &Sdaom vufoD;BuD;udk wif;rmatmif qkyfNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmteD;ü vIyfí jyav\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf rjrifpzl; xl;qef ;aom t&m0w¬Kwpfckudk Munf h½Iaom rsufESmxm;rsdK;ESifh ¤if; vufoD;BuD; udk cyfat;at; trlt&mESifh pdkufí MunfhNyD;rS ]aeygOD;As? rif;vufoD ;u arG;uwnf ;u BuD;vmwmvm;? usif hom;&NyD; BuD;vmovm;}
[k ar;qJwGif uRefawmfonf tcef;axmifhwGif axmifxm;aom &Sm;ESpfwkwfudk vSrf;í qGJvkduf&m xkdolonf uRefawmf\ vufeufudk jrifaomaMumifhavavm? armifpH&Sm;\ rwkefrvIyf at;at;aq;aq; &SdvGef;aom
trlt&mud k jrifaomaMumifh zdef;í oGm;avoavm rod/ tvGefw&m cufxef Murf;MuKwf aom rsufESmxm;onf tenf;i,f avQmhí vmcJ hNyD ;vQif
xkdol/ /]aemifcgawmh owdray;bl;vkdU tjypfwifrSm pdk;vkdUygAsm? BudKUukef;rSm usKyfrdwfaqG wpfa,muf&Sdw,f? olUtxJudk cifAsm; 0ifr½Iyf&if usKyf b,fES,frS rvkyfbl;? 0if½Iyf&ifawmh awGUMuvdrfhr,fAs? 'gyJ}
&Sm;/ /]a[hvl oHvufoD; qkdwm rif; r[kwf vm;? rifh awG Ucsifwm MumvS NyD}
xkdol/ /]tppfyJ q&m? onfoHvufoD;ESifh rsufESmaygif ; b,fESpfck pkwfatmif xkd;cJhNyD qkdwm Mum;zl ;&JU r[kwfvm;? cif Asm;vJ rsufES muav; acsmacsmarGUarGU tay:rSm trm&GwfawG r&csif&if owdxm;vkdufyg}
&Sm;/ /]vufa0SUyGJrSm rsufESmpkwfatmif xkd;wmu udpö r&Sdbl;uG? yGJjyifrSm &rf ;um;NyD; owfvm;jzwfvm; vkyf&if
raumif;bl ;? 'gxuf Munfh jrifwkdif urf ;em;vrf;u uaZmfqkdifrSm tcsD ;,m; qkdwJh a*:&if*sDukvm;udk owfwJh trI[m b,fhES,fvJa[h? b,fvJuG oGm;awmh rvm;}
xkdolonf ½kwfw&uf rsufESmysufí oG m;NyD;vQif tvGef w&m xd wfvefUwkefvIyfaom trlt&mESifh aemufodkU ajcwpfvSrf; qkwfum
]tcsD;,m; aowmESifh usKyfESifh bmqkdifovJAs? tcsD;,m;aowkef;u &efukefrSmawmif usKyfr&Sdbl;? rEÅav; oG m;aeygw,f}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 179
&Sm;/ /]at;yguG,f? 'DtvHk;rsdK;awGESifh w&m;olBuD;udkom jzef;yg? ighudkvmNyD; rjzef;ygESifh? tJh'Dtcgwkef;u igu rif;ESifh pdef[kwf qkdwJh w½kwfudk ajc&mcHaeqJ jzpfvkddY ...}
xkdol/ /]rqkdifygbl ; q&m? uRef awmfESifh 'DtrIESifh bmrS rqkdifygbl; q&m&,f}
&Sm;/ /]at;uG,f awmf NyD? rif; oGm;vkd uf? vkdcsifwJh tcgrSm rif;udk zrf;,lr,f}
xkdol/ /]tck uRefawmfvmwJh twGuf b,fvkdrS pd wf r&SdygESifh q&m aemf}
&Sm;/ /]rif;udk b,folu vTwfvkdufw,f qkdwm rSefrSef ajym&ifawmhjzifh ig pdwfr&Sdbl;? EkdUrkdU pdwfwifru vufxdyfyg &Sd&vd rfhr,f armif}
xkdol/ /]ckwifu q&m ajymwJhvlu vTwfvkd ufwmygyJ q&m}
&Sm;/ /]pdef[kwf [kwfvm;? olUudkaum b,folu ckdif;wmvJ}
xkdol/ /]'gawmh uRefawmf rodbl; q&m? olu uRefawmfh udk a[h oHvufoD; ukdpH&Sm;udk rif;oGm;NyD; owday;vkdufprf; qkdvkdU uRefawmf vmcJhwmyJ}
&Sm;/ / ( aq;wHud k ,rf;vsuf ) ]oGm; oG m;}
[k ajymvkdufonfESifh wpfNyd Kifeuf oHvufoD;onf wufvmpOftcgu uJhodk Uyif ysm,dysm,mESif h qif;ajy;av\/
xkdol qif;oGm;NyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf aq;wHrS aq;jymrsm;udk cgxkwfí aq;topf xnfhNyD;vQif rD;ñSdum ½dIuf&if; &,farmvsuf
&Sm;/ /]cifAsm;u usKyf twGuf pkd;&drfvkdU &Sm;ESpfwkwfBuD;udk qGJ,lvkdufwm usKyfjrifvkdufygw,f? 'Dtaumif rsdK;udk cGeftm;jcif; wkdufzdkU rvkdygbl ;? pdwfwefcdk;ESifh ESS drfvkduf&if NyD;wmyJ? olwk dUu b,fvkdyJ jyL;wl;jyJwJ vkyfNyD; xkd;r,f Budwfr,f? ajcmufvm; vSef Uvm; vkyf&if ud k,fu cyfat;at;ESif h raMumufr&G UH rwkefrvIyf aevkduf&if tvkdvdk zdef;oG m;wmyJ ? ckwifu ajymwJh pdef[kwfwkdU? oHvufoD;wkd U ? qdk ;awwkd U qkdwJh taumifawG[m wpfBudwfwnf; wpfÓPfwnf; taumifawGyJ? olwk dU vlpkkudk usKyf wpfaeUaeUawmh jzKwfvdrfhr,f? olwkdU txJrSm pdef[kwf qkdwJh
w½kwfujym;u AdkvfyJ ? olu awmfawmfuav; ÓPfoGm;w,f? olwkdU tvkyfu aMumufwwfwJh vludk acsmufvSefU zdef ;&Sdef;NyD; aiGñSpfwJh tvkyf jzpfw,f? od kUaomf usKyfwkd Uudk ,ckvmNyD; ajcmufwJh trIrSm yif &if; b,folvJvkdU usKyf odzkdU vkdw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]aeygOD;Asm? bmaMumifh cifAsm;ud k olwkdU vmajcmuf&wmvJ}
&Sm;/ / ]a[m'Du BudKUukef;rIayghAsm? ckeifu ta&;rBuD;bl;xifvkdU trIudk vufrcHbl;vkd Uawmif atmif;arhrdw,f? tckawmh usKyfud kawmif vmNyD; ajcmufvm; vSefUvm;ESifh vkyfwm ta&;rBuD;bJESifhawmh rvkyfbl;? 'gaMumif h vufcHvkdufrSyJ awmfr,f}
uRefawmf/ /]bmrIvJ cifAsm}
&Sm;/ /]trdef Uawmf & uawmf a': pdefcifqDu raeUu pmwpfapmif&w,f? raeUuawmh vufcH&aumif;yghrvm;vk dU pOf;pm;aerdw,f? a&mh a[m'DrSm zwfMunfhprf; udkodef ;armif}
[kajymí armifpH&Sm;onf pm;yGJtHqGJrS pmwpfapmifudk uRef awmfhtm; ay;av\/ ¤if;pmrSm
pma&;tpD&ifcHygonf OD;pH&Sm;&Sifh/ uRefr ,ckaexkdifaom tdrfudk taMumif;jyKí xl;xl;qef;qef;
tjzpftysufrsm;udk awGUBuHKa&muf&Sd&ygaomaMumifh rnfodkUjyK&rnfudk tBuHay;apvkdygonf/ uRefr\
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 180
cifyGef;onf udkausmfjidrf; &SdpOftcgu OD;pH&Sm;u wpfBudrfaqmif&Guf ay;zl;ojzifh uRefr\ aetdrfudk
&SifodNyD; jzpfygonf/ reufjzef b,ftcsdef rqdk vma&mufEkdifu uRefr arQmfí aeygrnf/
rpdefcif
uRefawmf/ /]b,fa': pdefcifvJAsm? uRefawmf rrSwfrdyguvm;}
&Sm;/ /]cifAsm; 'Dwkef ;u tnmjyefaew,f xifw,f? udkif; b,fhES,fvJ vkdufrvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]vkduf NyDvm; cifAsm}
uRefawmfwkdUonf armfawmfum;ESifh xGufoGm;Muí BudKUukef;&Gmvrf;odkU a&mufMuaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf qD;jzLyifrsm; um&Hvsuf&Sdaom wkdufcHtdrfwpfvHk;a&SUü um;udk &yfav\/ xkdcPü toufig;q,f t&G,fcefU&Sd ta':BuD;wpfa,mufonf ysLysLiS miSm trlt&mESifh tdrfa&SUodkU xGufvmí
]<uyg udkpH&Sm; <uyg? wpfreufvHk; arQmfvkduf&wm &Sif? vmrS vmygawmhrvm;vkdU? aemufxyfpma&;r,f vkd Uawmif
BuHrdao;w,f? 0ifMuyg 0if Muyg}
tdrf\ atmufxyf {nfhcef;twGif ;odkU 0ifrdMuvQif aumif;rGefoyf&yfpGm cif;usif;jyifqifí xm;aom tdrfaxmif ypö nf;rsm;ud k awGUjrif Mu&av&m uRefawmfwkdUonf ukvm;xkdifü toD;oD;xkdifMuNyD ;aemuf
cif/ /]'Dtdrfudk OD;pH&Sm; t&ifwpfcg a&mufzl;wm av;ig;ES pfavmuf &SdoGm;NyD rS wf w,f}
&Sm;/ /]rSefygw,f? av;ESpfESifh &Spfv&SdygNyD? OD;ausmfjidrf; wpf a,muf qHk;oGm;wm &yf&GmrSm tyHkBuD; epfemw,f cifAsm? &yfrI&GmrI qkdvQif rtdyfrae aqmif&GufwwfwJh yk*d¾ KvfwpfOD; ygayyJ? 'gxuf armifnGefUaz wpfa,mufaum tpfr}
cif/ / (rsuf&nf0kdif;vsuf) ]qkHk;&SmNyD OD;pH&Sm;&JU? tr&yl&rSm NrdKUtkyfvkyfaewm? wkwfauG;a&m*g ESifh qHk;&Smw,f}
&Sm;/ /]aMomf jzpf&av? vlvHk;vlxnfu acsmoESifh? axmifaxmif armif;armif; oefoefrmrmBuD;? awmfwmh a&m*gES ifhrsm; aoEk difavmufp&m r&Sdbl; cifAsm? b,fwkef;u qHk;ygvdrfh}
cif/ /]wpfvavmufyJ &Sdygao;w,f? OD;pH&S m; [kdwkef;u jrifzl;wmudk;? aocgeD; rjrifap&&Sif? rpm;Ek dif raomufEkdif wkefwkef&D&D jzpfoGm;vkdufwm aemufqHk;Muawmh wkwfauG;a&m*g 0ifvmvkdU vwfpowfoGm;yga&m&Sif}
&Sm;/ /]rpm;Ekdif raomufEkdifwmu bma&m*g aMumifhvJ cif Asm}
cif/ /]&ifuGJem aygh&Sif}
&Sm;/ /]aMomf wefawmh rdef;rrIudk;}
cif/ /]rdef ;r r[kwfygbl;&Sif? 'DaumifrrsdK; vl&moGif;NyD; .... odkUaomf 'DtaMumif; pum;jzwfvkdufMuygpdkU&Sif? uRefr udpöudk ajymyg&apawmh}
&Sm;/ /]trdefU&Sdyg cifAsm}
cif/ /]'Dvkd yg&Sif? 'DtdrfrSm uRefr wpfoufvHk;aevmwm tck rSyJ vmNyD; xl;xl;qef;qef; BuHKawGU&ygw,f? vGefcJhwJh oHk ;&ufavmufu tdrfyGJ pm;wJh&Sif vlwpfa,mufaygufvmygw,f? uRefraewJh tdrfudk 'Dh jyif vlwpf a,mufu vkdcsifvkdU ar;jref;pHkprf;zdkU vTwfvkdufygw,f wJh? a&mif;r,fqk dvdkU &Sd &if tzkd ;udk rjrifygbl;wJh ajymvmwmudk;&Sifh?
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 181
'Dawmh uRefrrSmvJ om;uav;wpfa,muf &Sdwm qHk;oGm;avawmh 'DtdrfrSm oli,fi,fu ajc&mvuf&muav;awG jrifwkdif;jrifwkdif; ylaqG;'ku©jzpf&avawmh
raecsifwmESifh tcefUoifhyJ jzpfaew,f? odkUayrJh a&mif;&r,f qkdawmh ESarsmarsm &SdwmESif h aps;rwJhatmif&,fvkdU wefzdk;xuf aiGoHk;axmifavmufwifNyD ; qkdvdkufoudk;&Sifh? 'Dawmh tdrfyGJpm;u wpfjym;wpfcsyfrS rqpfbJ uRefr awmif;wJh tzkd;ukd ay;ygr,fwJh? EkdUaomfvJ tdrfwGif; y&d abm* tdrfaxmifypö nf;awGud kvJ a&mif ;apvkdygw,fwJh? tzkd;udkom qkdygwJh? 'Dawmh uRefru 0efyJayghao;&JU vkdU atmufarhNyD; tzk d;cyfjrufjrufuav;yJ wifqk dvk duf w,f? qkd wJ h tzkd;twk dif;yJ olu ay;w,f? NyD;awmh uRefrrSmvJ od[dkVfuRef;wkdU? bk&m;yG ifhawmfrl&m Ak '¨*g,mwkdUudk bk&m;zl;oGm;csifwmESifh tif rweftcefUoifhwmyJ vkdU atmufarhrdw,f? 'gESifh aemufwpfaeUawmh tdrfyGJpm; a&mufvmNyD; pmcsKyfudk vufrSwfxkd;zkdU ,lvmcJ hw,f? uRefruvJ pmcsKyfay;w,f qkdwm ta&;BuD;rSef; od avawmh uRef rrwf a&SUae armifatmifbud k oGm;jywmudk;&Sifh? 'Dawmh armifatmifbu pmcsKyfudk zwfMunfhNyD; 'DpmcsKyfa&;yH k[m tifrwefxl ;qef;wmyJ wJh? 'Dtwkdif; vufrSwfxkd;rdcJ hvkdU&Sd&if udk,fhcg;u t0wfawmif csefxm;cJh&rvkd jzpfaeyaum wJh? 'gESifh 'DtaMumif;udk tdrfyGJpm;tm; jyefNyD; tdrfaxmifrIudkom uRefra&mif;aMumif; ajymawmh yGJpm;u r[kwfbl;? tvHk;pHk a&mif;rS 0,fEk difr,fwJh? 'gjzifh vuf 0wfvuf pm;awGyg ay;cJh&rSmvm;vkdU ar;awmh 'Davmuf MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; BuD;awmh r[kwfygbl;wJh? ,lcGifhjyKoifhwmawmh jyKygvdrfhr,fwJh? okdUaomfvJ
pmcsKyfxJrSmawmh tvHk;pHkqkdwJh pum;udk xnfYNyD;csKyf&rSyJ 0,fEk difr,fwJh? 'Dawmh uRefru 'gjzifh ra&mif;Ekd ifbl;&SifvkdU ajymawmh yGJpm;vJ jyefoGm;a&m? oljyefoGm;NyD;wJhaemuf 'DtaMumif;udk awG;avawG;av; xl ;qef;avav &SdwmESifh OD;pH&Sm;udk wkdifyif&&if ....}
xkd cPü uRefawmfwkdUonf xl;qef;aom taESmifht,Suf wpfrsdK;ESifh awGUBuHK&av\/ armifpH&Sm;onf a': pdefcifudk pum;ajym&yfpJ &ef vufjyí xkdif&mrS vQif jrefpGm xoGm;NyD;vQif rD;zkdacsmif odkU oGm;aom wHcg;udk ½kwfw&uf wGef;í zGifhNyD;aemuf rdef;rBuD;wpfa,mufudk tcef;wGif;odkU qGJoGif;vmcJh av\/ rdef;rBuD;vnf; Muufjcif;xJrS qGJxkwf,lvkdufaom MuufaygufpBuD;uJhodkY udk;½kd;um;,m;ESifh z,f½kef;um ygvmav\/
]vTwfyg vTwfyg usKyfudk rudkifygESifh vTwfyg}
ciff/ /]b,fhES,fvJ rapmwif? tjyifrSm bmvkyfaewmvJ}
wiff/ /]{nfhonfawGudk vufzuf&nf wkdufOD;rvm;vkdU ar;r,f vkyfwkef; a[m'DvlBuD;u uRefrudk qGJac:ygw,f&Sif}
&Sm;/ /]rnmygESifh rapmwif? usKyf em;axmifaewm ESpf rdepfavmuf &SdNyD? acsmif;qkd ;wwfwJhvl[m vlrsm; wkd ifyifwmudk acsmif;em;axmifwJh tvkyfrsdK; vkyfvkdU r&bl;As}
xkdtcg rapmwifqkdaom tapcHronf a'goBuD;aom rsufESmxm;ESifh armifpH&Sm;\ bufodkUvSnfhí...
wif/ /]&Sifu uRefrudk qGJvm; iifvm;ESifh vkyf&atmif &Sifu bmt&m&S dvJ}
&Sm;/ /]cifAsm;a&SUrSm usKyfar;csifwmav; wpfck&SdvkdYyg? 'gESifh a': pdefcif? uRefawmhfqD pma&;wJh taMumif;? b,folrsm; ajymrdao;vJ}
cif/ /]b,folrS uRefr rajymrdygbl;&Sif}
&Sm;/ /]uRefawmhfqD ay;vkdufwJh pmudk b,folU txndif;ovJ}
cif/ /]rapmwifud k txnfhcdkif ;w,f}
&Sm;/ /]udkif; rapmwif? usKyfqD pma&;wJh taMumif;udk cifAsm; b,folUudk owif;ay;vkdufovJ}
wif/ /]r[kwfw½kwf bmvkyfzdkU usKyf u owif;ay;&rvJ}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 182
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cif/ /]aMomf &dyfrdNyD? 'Drdef;r aumif;wJh rdef;r r[kwfbl;? raeUuvJ tdrfaemufaz;rSm ql;csHK [dkbufvSrf;NyD ; b,folESifh pum;ajymw,f rqkdEkdifbl;? uRefr jrifvkdufw,f}
wif/ / (rsuf arSmifukwfvsuf) ]ajym&ifaum b,folESifh bmqkdifovJ}
&Sm;/ /]usKyfodygw,f? pdef[kwfESif h wkd ifyifMuw,f r[kwfvm; rapmwif}
wif/ /]od&ifvJ bmvdkU ar;&ovJ}
&Sm;/ /]ckeifu raocsmbl;? tckrS aocsmw,f? udkif; rapmwif pdef[kwfudk b,folu ckdif;w,f qdkwm ajymvkdU &Sd&if usKyfaiG 50 usyfay;r,f? b,fhES,fvJ}
wif/ /]&Sifu ig;q,fay;&if ig;axmif ay;EkdifwJhvl &Sdw,f}
&Sm;/ /]aMomf 'gjzifh ? vlcsrf;omBuD; wpfa,muf ygvm;? tvdk olu NyHK;w,f? 'gjzifh a,musfm; r[kwfbl; rdef;ryJ? udkif;Asm rapmwif 'DavmufodaerSjzifh emrnfudkom ajymvkdufygawmh ? aiG 50 tacsmif&&if raumif;bl;vm;}
wif/ /]w,f ? ig apm.....}
cif/ /][J h [Jh}
wif/ /]z,fyg? &SifwkdU tdrfrSm usKyfvJ raeygbl;? oG m;awmhr,f vTwf} [k ajymajymqkdqkdESif h tapcHr rapmwifonf tdrfjyifodkU xGufoGm;av\/
¤if;xGufoGm;onfhaemuf armifpH&Sm;onf wHcg;udk vkdufí ydwf NyD;vQif a':pdefcif\ teD;ü xkdifum £ajE´BuD;aom rsufESmESifh
]rjzpfbl ; a': pdefcif? 'DtrI[m ayghawmhawmh vkyfae&if tysuftysufESifh ESmacgif;aoG;xGuf qkdwmvkd jzpfvdrfhr,f? Munfhprf; olwkdU b,f avmuf *½kpdkufNyD ; BudK;yrf;tm;xkwf vkyfaeMuovJ? uRefawmf hqD pma&;vkdufum &Sdao;? owif ;ay;wJhvlu ay;? uRef awmfhqDvmajcmufwJh vlu ajcmuf? a&mufvmawmh acsmif ;em;axmifwJ h vlu axmif?
awmfawmf ta&;wBuD; &SdyH k&w,f}cif/ /]olwkdU bmvkddcsifMuvkdUvJ &Sif}
&Sm;/ /]tJh'g pOf;pm;zkdU ta&;BuD;w,f r[kwfvm;? 'Dtdrf[m aqmuf,lwJh tdrfvm;? 0,folwJh tdrfvm;}
cif/ /]a&SUae OD;apmarmif qkdwJh vlqDu 0,f,lwJh tdrfyg&Sif}
&Sm;/ /]OD;apmarmifu bmrsm;xl;xl;jcm;jcm; &SdovJAs}
cif/ /]xl;xl;jcm;jcm; bmrS rMum;zl;ygbl ;&Sif}
&Sm;/ /]uRef awmfar;wmu OD;apmarmif jr§ Kyfxm;cJ hwJh ypö nf;rsm;&Sd ovm;vkdU ar;wmudk; cifAs? EkdUaomf ypö nf;jr§Kyfxm;wmudk owif;&vk dU tdrfudk 0,fcsif&ifvJ tdrfaxmifrIudk 0,fp&m taMumif;r&Sdbl;? tdrfaxmifypö nf;awG teufrSm tzkd;wefrSef;rod jzpfaewJh ypönf;wpfckckrsm; &Sdava&mhovm; cifAsm? '*Fg;a[mif ;rsm; bmrsm; OD;ausmfjidrf; pkwwfovm;}
cif/ /]rpkwwfygbl;&Sif}
&Sm;/ /]tcsdKUvlawG &Sdao;w,f cifAs? ESpfaygif; oHk;axmif av;axmifu ay:wJh '*Fg;wpfjym;udk aiG ig;axmif wpfaomif; ay;0,fwJh vlrsdK;awG &Sdao;w,f? 'gaMumifh uRefawmf ar;wmyg}
cif/ /][kwfygw,f? uRefr Mum;zl;ygw,f}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 183
&Sm;/ /]uRefawmf tckawG;vkdU &wmawmh? a':pdefcifvufxJrSm tzdk;wefypö nf; wpfpHkwpfck &Sdw,f? tJ h'gudk zGif hajymNyD; aiGESifh 0,fvkdU ra&mif;aybl;qkdwm odwJh twGuf tm;vHk;jcHKNyD; 0,fvdkwJh oabmyJESif h wlw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfvJ 'DvkdyJ xifw,f}
&Sm;/ / (tenf;i,f NyHK;vsuf) ]udkodef;armifvJ 'DvkdyJ xifowJhAsdKU? olxifawmh {uEåÅ[k wf NyD}
cif/ /]aeygOD;&Sif? b,fvkd ypö nf;rsdK;rsm; jzpfEkdifrvJ}
&Sm;/ /]udkif; udkif; uRefawmfcG JNyD; ppfr,f? 'DtdrfrS m a': pdefcifwkdU aewm b,favmufMumNyDvJ}
cif/ /]q,fESpf q,fhwpfESpfavmuf &SdygNyD}
&Sm;/ /]'DtawmtwGif;rSm 0,fr,fhvl wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ ray:vm? tckwavmwG if rS tzdk;wBuD; ay;0,fwm b,fhES,foabm&ovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]olwkd U vkdcsifwJh ypönf;[m rMumrD twGif;wG ifrS 'Dtdrfa&mufvmw,fvkdU awG;&rS mayghAsm}
&Sm;/ /]udkodef;armif w,fNyD; ÓPf&Tifaeyguvm;? udkif; a': pdefcif ? rMumrD twGif;u bmypö nf;rsm; a&mufovJ}
ciff/ /]bmypö nf;rS r0,fzl;ygbl;&Sif}&Sm;/ /]'gjzifh awmfawmf tMuyfom;yguvm;? udk if; odk Uaomf cPcP apmifhMunfh&&ifjzifh uGif;uGif; uGufuGufay:aumif; yg&JUAsm? 'DtdrfrSm apmapmu rapmwiftjyif b,folrsm; &Sdao;ovJ}
cif/ /]bkd;xl;qkdwJh oli,fav; wpfa,mufvJ &Sdw,f}
&Sm;/ /]'gjzifh a': pdefcif&JU rwf ud katmifbudk wpfnESpfnavmuf 'DtdrfvmNyD; apmifhtdyfay;ap cifAsm? ayghayghqq raeMuESifh}
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&Sm;/ /]ckawmh uRefawmf rajymEkdifatmif &Sdaeao;w,f? odkUaomf olwkdU vdkcsifwJh ypö nf;udk awG;vkdUr&&if? vludk
awGUatmif vkdufrS myJ? tdrfyGJpm; qkdwJh vlu b,frSm aeowJhvJ}cif/ /]OD;bausmfwJh ? 11 vrf;rSmaew,f ajymygw,f}
&Sm;/ /]ae&yfudk rSefrSefajymrJh vlpm; [kwfr,f rxif ygbl;? &SmayrJ h tvum;ygyJ ? udkif; a': pdefcif? taMumif;xl;&if uRefawmhfqDudkom owif;a&mufatmif ydk Uayawmh ? uRefawmfwkd U jyefvkdufygOD;r,f } [k EIwfqufNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf xkdif&mrS xcJhí tdrfjyifodk U xGufawmhrnf jyKonfwGifrS avSum;atmufü oHaowåmBuD ; ESpf vHk ;ES ifh xif;&SL;aowåm oHk;av;vHk;wkdUudk awGUjrifojzifh
&Sm;/ /]aowåmrSm wHqdyf awG uyfvkdUyguvm;? b,fu a&mufvmwJh aowåmawGvJ a': pdefcif]
cif/ /]armifnGefUaz&JU ypönf;awGyg&S if? rD;&xm;ESifh wifyd kUvkdufvkddU wpfaeUurS a&mufvmygw,f}
&Sm;/ /]wpfaeUuqk d? b,fESpf&ufavmuf &SdNyDvJ cifAsm}cif/ /]oHk ;av;&ufavmuf &S dygao;w,f }
&Sm;/ /]Ekd U 'gESifh ckwpfavmrSm ypö nf;awG b,furS ra&mufbl;qdk? 'DtxJrSm tzkd;wef ypö nf;rsm; ygcsifygr,f? zGifhMunfhNyD;yvm;}
cif/ /]tzkd;wefwm rygEkdifygbl;&Sif? vc 200 udk ravmufvk dU tdrfu aiGaxmufNyD; ae&wJh vlrSm b,fu tzdk;wefypö nf; ygEkdifrSmvJ}
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uRefawmfwkdUonf um;ay: odkY wufMuNyD;vQif armif;ES ifvmMuí vrf;auGUwpfckodkU a&mufaomtcg oHvufoD;qkdolonf opfyifwpfyifudk uG,fí acsmif;aeonfudk &dyfueJ jrifvkduf&av\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf um;udk ½kwfw&uf &yfNyD;vQif&Sm;/ /]a[hvl xGuf cJh ? rif; bmacsmif;aeovJ}
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&Sm;/ /]ckd if;p&mawmh r&Sdbl;? ar;p&m&Sdw,f? rif;wk dU tck BuHpnfaewJh tBuH[m b,fol yif&if;vJ}
oD;/ /]uRefawmfawmh pdef[kwf odwmyJ q&m}
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oD;/ /]aumif ;ygNyD q&m}
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]oHvufoD;qk dwJh taumif awmh usKyf zdef;vkdufwm awmfawmf &d Sef;oGm;NyD? taMumif;&Sd&if usKyfwkdU vlyJ? odkUaomf 'Dudpö rS m olESifh yl ;aygif;zk dU rvdk? yJ cl;qm;udk awGUatmif &SmNyD; odcsifwm uav;awG wpfcGef; ESpfcGef; avmufyJ
ar;zkdU vkdawmhw,f} yJcl;qm; qkdolrS m uvyfaygif;pHk? toif;aygif ;pHk? [dkw,faygif;pHkwk dUudka&mufí &efukefNrdKUü t½IyftaxG; taMumif;udka&;om;&rnfqkd aomf qD;jzLoD;udkvuf0g;ay:wGifwifíMunfhbdouJhodkY uGufuGufuGif;uGif; wwfwwf tyftyf a&;om;Ekdifojzihf yJcl;qm; trnfjzifh owif;pm? *sme,f tp&SdonfwkdUudk a&;om;ay;ydkUavh&Sdaom aqmif;yg;a&;olvnf;jzpf\/ zJorm;vnf;jzpf\/ awav tBuD;pm;vnf; jzpf\/ ta&;BuD ;onfh owif;wpfckudk tvkd&Sdonf htcg ? armifpH&Sm;uvnf; txufwef;pm; vlarmfvl<um;wdkU\ twif;pum;udk toHk;0ifojzifh Mum;vkd aomtcg xkdol\ xHodkU oGm;&av\/ rnfonfh pufydkif\ r,m;vifi,faeonf? rnfonfh 0wfvHk \ r,m;onf 0wfvHkESifh &pOfu tysdKpifppf r[kwf? rnfonfh0efaxmufonf rnfonfh t&yfü taysmftyg; vkdufpm;onf tp&Sd aom owif;wdkUonf xkdolonf tpOf rjywf qnf;yl; rSwfom;xm;avh &dS\/
tdrfodkU jyefa&mufMuaomtcg armifpH&S m;onf xkdaeUwpfaeUvHk; aysmufaeí nOfUüvnf; b,ftcsdefrS jyefí vmonfudk uRefawmf rodacs/
aemufwpfaeU eHeufü uRefawmfESihf armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf aumfzDaomufvsuf &SdMupOf uRefawmfu armifpH&S m;tm; trItaMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í ar;jref;ojzifh armifpH&Sm;u odoifhodxkdufoavmufudk od &NyD jzpfaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdí pum;rqHk;rD aMu;eef;wpfapmif a&mufí vmav\/ ¤if;rSm ...
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 185
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uRefawmfwkdYonf a': pdefcif\ aetd rfodkY a&mufMuaomtcg ¤if;tdrfrSm ,refaeUnuuJhodkU wdwfqddwfpGm r&Sdacs/ &Gmom;av;ig;q,fcefUwkdUonf 0if;a&SUü pk ½Hk;um Munfh ½Ivsuf ykvdyfom;ESpfa,mufwkdUonfvnf; 0if;twGif;&Sdyef;O,smOf xJwGif ajc&maumufvsuf &SdMuav\/
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xkd cPü a':pdefcifonf rsufuGif;rsm; ndKvsuf azsmhawmhaom tom;t&nfESifh {nfhcef;udk ajz;nif;pGm 0ifvmNyD;vQif
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&Sm;/ /]odkUaomf tif rwef tm;enf;vdkU &Sd&if }
cif/ /]ajymEkdifygw,f ? rsm;rsm;BuD; ajym&rSmrS r[kwfbJ? vu©PmrSmawmh apmwifqkdwJh rdef;ru olvQdKvkyfNyD; 'DtdrfrSm b,fae&m bm&Sdw,f qk dwm tukefvHk; vrf;ñTefcJhwJh [efwlw,f? uRefr tdyfaysmfaewkef;udk arhaq;zsef;xm;wJh t0wfESifh ESmacgif ;yg;pyfudk ydwfNyD; olwkdU vkdcsifwmudk arTaESmuf&SmazGMu[efwlw,f? uRefrvJ
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tkyf/ /]&Jygay cifAsm}
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xkdtcg Xmemtk yfonf tusÐ tdwfrS zl;puwf puúL wpf&Gufudk xkwf,lNyD ;vQif armifpH&Sm;tm; jyav&m armifpH&Sm;onf puúLay:wGif a&;om;yg&Sdaom jrefrmpm tu©&mrsm;udk aocsmpGm zwfMunfhNyD;aemuf
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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[k ajymí tdrf jyifodkU xGufvmcJh Mu&m Xmemtkyfonf tHhMoaom rsufES mxm;ESifh armifpH&Sm;tm; Munfhvsuf ol\ pdwfüum; OD ;pH&Sm;qkdwm awmfw,f awmfw,fESifh emrnfausmfNyD; &l;aygaygxifyg&JU [k atmufarh[ef vu©Pm &Sdav\/
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vlwpfa,mufESifh vufxyfr,fvkdU Mum;w,f? t&G,frSmawmh rusif Nrd Kifxuf tyHkBuD; i,foayghav? vluav;u awmfawmfMum&if ta&;yk dif jzpfr,fhvl qk dawmh ta&;ydkifuawmf[m rkqkd;rjzpfzl;½Hkru olwpfyg;ESifh rSm;,Gif;zl;w,f qkdwm &Sufp&mBuD;jzpfrS m pdk;&drfonfh twGuf ... a[m ajym&if; qkd&if; a&mufvmNyDAsdKU}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 199
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 201
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 231
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xkddtcg uRefawmf wkdYonf &efukefrS ,laqmifvmcJhaom vufqGJom;a&tdwfrsm;udk XmemodkYapvTwf ,liifapNyD;aemuf xkdtdrfü wnf;ckd aexkdifcJhMuav&m armifpH&Sm;onf rif;uawmf rrdef;uav;ESifh pum;ajymqkd vsuf&Sdonfh tcgwk dYü tjcm;pum;wkdYudk ajymqkdvsuf &Sd&mrS tvpfudkaumufí vlowfrItaMumif;udk wpfBudrf ESpfBudrf ponfjzihf ar;jref;NyD;vQif rrdef;uav;\ rsufESmuJudk cwfvsuf &Sdav\/ okd Y&mwGif uRefawmf awGUjrif& orQrSm rrdef ;uav;onf rnfonfhtcgrQ rsufESmysufonfudk rawGUrjrif cJh&acs/
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdYonf tavmif;awGU&Sdonf qkdaom ae&mok dY oG m;a&mufMunfh½IMu&m armifpH&Sm;u tjcm;aom ae&mwkdUü anmif &Guf rsm; r&SdbJ xkd0if;axmifhüomvQif anmif&Gufrsm;&Sdjcif;onf ta&;BuD;aom
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 232
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¤if;armifbausmfrSmrl vdr®ma&;jcm;&Sdí rdbpum;em;axmifaom om;wpfa,muf jzpfcJh&m t*Fvdyfausmif;rS bDat atmifjrifNyD;aemuf ppfuJBuD; wpfa,muf\ orD;ESifh xdrf;jrm;vufxyfNyD;vQif NrdKUtkyf&mxl;rS pí tpdk;&trIudk usdK;EGH ½kdaopGm xrf ;&GufcJhav\/ ,if;uJhod kY xrf;&GufcJhonfhtwkdif; wpfqifhrS wpfqifh &mxl;wkd;wufcJhí zcifaoqHk;onfh tcsdeftcgwGif yxrwef; ppfuJBuD ; tjzpfodkY wkd;wuf csD;jr§ifhjcif; cHcJh&av\/
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rwif csdKonf om;orD;vnf; r&SdcJhonf jzpf í rdrdwpfa,mufwnf; zcif\ aetd rfü vma&mufaexkdifcJh&m oHk;ESpfausmf av;ESpfcefUrQ Mumaomfvnf; ¤if;\ cifyGef ;armifbkd;xdef rSm wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ xkdtdrfodkY vma&mufcGifh
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¤if;aemuf wpfESpfcefYrQ Mumaomtcg olaX;OD;atmifBuD; aoqHk;cJh&m usef&pf aom ypö nf;rsm;udk atmufygtwkdif; cGJa0ay;urf;cJhav\/
(1) 3000 ausmfrQaom v,f? ajr? {u wkdYudk om;tBuD; armifbaomf u ,l&ef
(2) tbdk ;aiG wpfodef;ausmfrQ xkdufwefaom wkdufwm aetdrfwdk Uud k om;ti,f armifbausmf u ,l&ef
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(3) psmyeudpö twGuf ukefus&efaiG 3000 usyfudk EIwfNyD;aemuf usefaom aiGom;rsm;ESifh pdefxnf a&Txnf ? vuf0wfvufpm;rsm;udk orD; rwifcsdK u ,l&ef
(4) armifbaomf rvmra&mufao;onfh tawmtwGif; v,fajrrsm; tay:rS &&Sdaom v,faxmufcrsm;udk armifbausmfESifh rwifcsdKwkdUu tnDtrQ cGJjcrf;a0,lNyD;vQif tu,fí armifbaomfonf tarGcH? tarGpm; r&SdbJ aoqHk ;ESihf cJhonf jzpfrl ¤if;ajrrsm;udk armifbausmf\ om;orD;rsm;u tnDtrQ cGJa0,lMu&ef/
txuf yg cGJa0ay;urf;yH kud k axmufcsif hcJhaomf OD;atmifBuD;onf rkdufrJaom om;tay:ü u½kPm ydkrkdaMumif;udk vnf ;aumif;? orD; rwifcsdK ay:ü trsuf vHk ;vH k;BuD; raMuaMumif;udk vnf;aumif; xif&Sm;cJhav\/
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¤if ;aemuf oHk ;ESpfcefY Mumaomtcg armifbaomfvnf; ray:vm ? ¤if;ü tarGpm; tarGcH &Sdonf [lívnf; owif;rMum; &SdaecJhav&um; ¤if;\ tarG v,fajrwkdYrSm armifbausmf\ om;orD;rsm; vufodkY a&mufacsawmh
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okdY&mwGif avmuü jzpfrnf[l í rnfolrQ rxifaom t&mrsdK;wkdYonf jzpfay:cJ hí ? jzpf&rnf[l aom t&mrsdK;wkdYrSmvnf; rjzpfay:bJ &SdwwfvSonf rsm;cJ hay\/ okdYjzpf&um; wpfaeYoü ppfuJ armifbausmfonf aysmufqHk;aeol tpfudk armifbaomf xHrS pmwpfapmifud k &&S dcJhav\/ ¤if;pmrSm ]nDarmif axmfwd} [l í tpcsDNyD;vQif ]axmfuH} [lí tqHk;ü vufrS wfa&;xkd; yg&Sdav\/ twGif ;üygaom taMumif;t&mrsm;rSm rlum;
rdrdrSm ,kd ;',m;jynf rS xkd aeYyif qkdufa&mufcJhí nDarmif&Sd&m om,m0wDNrdKJUokdU rMumrDtwGif; vma&mufcJhrnf jzpfaMumif;ESifh yg&S davonf/ ¤if;pmü ta&;BuD;aom tcsufrSm nDtpfudkESpfa,muf wkdYonf ausmif;om; t&G,f jzpfpOf tcgu tpfudkonf nDtm; axmfwd [lívnf;aumif;? nDonf tpfudktm; axmfuH [lívnf;aumif; wpfOD;tm; wpfOD; ajymifavSmifac:iifaom trnfud k toHk;jyKí a&;om; yg&Sdjcif; jzpfavonf/
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OD;bausmfonf tarGypönf;rsm;udk pGefUvTwf&ef ESajrmvSonf rSefaomfvnf; ½kd;om;ajzmifhrwfaom olwpfa,muf jzpfojzifh tu,f pifppf rdrd\ tpfudk jzpfcJhrl ay;tyf&ef tqifoifh &SdcJhav\/ okdU&mwGif i,fpOfrS pí ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm uGJuGmí aecJhMuonf jzpfaomaMumifh tpfudktm; aumif;pGm rrSwfrdEkdif avmufatmif &Sdaeojzifh vlvdrfvlaumuf wpfa,mufu tpfudk a,mifaqmifNyD;vQif tacsmif ,loG m;rnfudkvnf; pk d;&drf&ao;onf jzpf&um;? tpfrBuD; a&mufvmaom tcgü rnfokdY jyK&rnfudk wkdifyifESD;aESm&ef 0wfvHkwpfa,mufudk toifh ajymqkdí xm;cJhav\/
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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ausmf/ /]awmfvJ awmfygayw,f OD;pH&Sm; cifAsm? 'gaMumifhvJ ausmfMum;aywmyJ? 'gxuf aeprf;ygOD;Asm? olwkdU vifr,m; tay:rSm b,ftcsufu pNyD; cifAsm; rouF m jzpfwmvJ ? ajymjyprf;ygOD ; cifAsm}
&Sm;/ /]onfvkdyg cifAsm? uRefawmfuvJ OD;baomf aoqHk;NyD qkdwm ppfuJBuD;wkdUvkdyJ aumif;aumif; ,HkMunfNyD; jzpfavawmh w&m;vdk vkyfwJhvl[m {uEÅvlvdrfyJ vkdU ,lqrdygw,f? 'gjzifh aumif;NyD vlvdrf jzpfcJhvkd U&Sd&if OD;baomf taMumif;udk i,f i,fuwnf;u pNyD; wyfwyftyftyf wpfwpf cGcG ? ca&aphwGif;us odEkdif&ygovJvkdU pOf;pm;Munfhjyefawmh onfvl[m {uefrkcs tdrfom;aomfvnf; jzpf&r,f? okdUwnf ;r[kwf twGif;vl wpfa,muf a,mufESifh aomfvnf; q,foG,fjcif; &Sd&r,fvkdU awG;rdjyefw,f? NyD;awmh wpfcg "mwfyHkESifh w&m;vkd[m cyf qifqif wlwJh tcsufudk owd&jyefawmh onfvl[m wjcm;r[kwf? OD;baomf&JU tpfudk 0rf;uG J rwifcsdK&JU a,mufsm;yJ jzpf&r,fvk dU uRefawmfpOf;pm;rdygw,f cifAsm}
rwifcsdKwkdU vifr,m;rSm ppfuJ OD;bausmfu aiGukefaMu;uscHí wwfEkdiforQ jypfrIayghavsmhatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfcJhonf jzpfaomaMumifh axmif'Pftenf;i,frQ omvQif uscHMu&av&m uRef awmf\ rdwfaqG armifpH&Sm;rSmrl ¤if;trIü aqmif&Gufonfh twGuf v,fajr{u 100 cefUrQ vufaqmif tjzpfESifh OD;bausmfxHrS &½Sd cJhzl; avownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 249
17/ bk&ifcHuawmf ykvJykwD;aysmufrIü pHkaxmufyHk
wpfaeUaom naeü armifodef;armifonf rEÅav;NrdKUodkU tvnftywf oGm;&mrS pmydkU&xm;ESifh jyefvmcJ h&m &efukefblwmodkY rD;&xm; qkdufa&mufNyD;aemuf pHkaxmufBuD; armifpH&Sm; aexkkdif&m vrf; 40 &S d wkdufokdU wufoG m;aom tcg tapcH armifbkd;opfESihf awGUí armifpH&S m; r&Sd ygoavm[k ar;jref;&mwGif bk d;opfu
armifpH &Sm; tdyfaysmfí aeaMumif ;ESifh ajymqkdav\/ xkdtcg armifodef ;armifu armifpH&Sm;\ tdyfcsdefrrSef pm;csdef rrS ef? xif&mjrif&m jyKwwfaom tavhtusifh udk od&SdNyD; jzpfí naecif;tcsdefü tdyfaysmfí aejcif;udk rsm;pGm rtHhMobJ
armif/ /]b,fhES,fvJa[h bkd;opf? ,ckwavm pHkaxmufzkdU vk duf&ao;ovm;}
opf/ /]vkduf&NyDvm; q&m? bm&Sdw,fvkdUawmh rqkdEkdifbl;? tdyfw,fvJ r&Sd? pm;w,fvJr&Sd? wpfaeUwjcm; ydefukefygNyDaum q&m? ckeifu uRefawmfu npmxrif; b,ftcsdef pm;rvJ ar;awmh obufcg nae 7 em&D&SdrS pm;rwJ h q&m? OD;pH&Sm; vkyfvkdufrSjzifh tvGefcsnf;ygyJ q&m}
armif/ /]'guawmh olUxHk;pHyJudk? igvJ odygw,f}
opf/ /]'DtrI u b,folUaemufud k ajc&mcHNyD; vkduf&wJ h trIvJawmh rodbl; q&m? raeYwkef;uvJ wkdufaq;okwfwJh vla,mifaqmifNyD; xGufw,f q&m? 'DuaeY tbkd;BuD;tkd ta,mifaqmifNyD; xGufawmhAsm uRefawmfawmif txifrSm;rdao;w,f q&m? awmifa0S;BuD; ukdif vkdY? vG,ftdwfuav; vG,fvkdY? uGrf;awGpm;NyD ; a,mifaypl;uav;ESifh vkyfvmawmh wu,fhtnmom; tbkd;BuD;tkd ygyJ q&m}
armif/ /]bm trI twGufvJ qkdwmawmh rif; enf;enf;rS r&dyfrdbl;vm;}
opf/ /]uRefawmhftxifawmh bk&ifcHuawmf 0wfwJh ykvJykwD; aysmufoGm;w,f qkdwJh trI[m xifw,f q&m}
armif/ /]aMomf [dkwpfaeYu aiGwpfaomif;ausmf wefwJh ykvJykwD; wpfuHk; aysmufoGm;w,f qk dwJh [mvm;}
opf/ /][kwf[efwlw,f q&m? bk&ifcHuawmf ypö nf;aysmufw,f qk dawmh ckwavmrsm;jzihf yk vd yfrif;BuD;a&m?
jynfxJa&; trwfa&m? tdrfrSm ½IyfoGm;wmyJ q&m}armif/ /]aMomf ? jynfxJa&; trwfBuD; udk,fwkdif vmovm;}
opf/ /]vmw,f q&m? tifrwef pdwfBuD;0ifyH k&wJh vlBuD ; wpf a,mufyJ? ol pdwf BuD;0ifayrJh OD;pH&Sm;u q&m odwJh twkdif;yJ? a*smhbk&ifrif ;jrwfudk,fwkdif <uvmOD;awmh? aMumufvd rfhrvm; vefYvdrfhrvm;awmh enf;enf;rSr&Sdbl;? cyfat;at;ESifh ½kd ½kdaoaoyJ pum;ajymwmyJ? 'gxuf jynfxJ a&;trwfBuD;uawmh OD;pH&Sm;tpGrf;udk w,fNyD; ,HkMunfvSwJh vu©Pm r&Sdbl;q&m? 'DtrIudk pHkaxmufzkdY ykvdyfrif;BuD;u OD;pH&Sm;udk iSm;wmawmif olu oabmwl[ef vu©Pm r&Sd bl;}
armif/ /]'DtaMumif;udk OD ;pH&Sm; odovm;}
opf/ /]uRefawmfawmif pyfMum;uaeNyD; odao;wmyJ q&m? OD;pH&Sm; rodbJ aeyghrvm;}
armif/ /]'gjzifh 'Davmuf [efBuD;yefBuD; &SdvSwJh jynfxJa&;trwf tmPmuav; wqdwfusdK;oG m;atmif 'DtrIrSm udk,fhvl txajrmuf ygap cifAsm? 'gxuf [kdu jywif;ayguf em;rSm t0wfBuD;umxm;wm b,f twGufvJ uGJU}
opf/ /]b,folUudk axmifw,fvkdY rqkdEkdifygbl; q&m? q&m oGm;NyD; t0wfudk z,fMunfh&if jrifygvdrfh r,f}
xkd tcg armifodef;armifonf xkdif&mrS xí t0wfudk vufESifh z,fvkduf&m armif pH&Sm;\ ½kyfyHkESifhwlatmif jyKvkyfíxm;aom za,mif;½kyfBuD;wpf½kyfudk awG Ujrif&av\/
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 250
armif/ /]'D[mrsdK; vkyfjyefNyDudk;? t&ifwpfcgvJ 'Dt½kyfESifh axmifNyD; zrf;vkdufwm vlqkd;awG rdzl;yguvm;? 'Dwpfcg b,folUudk axmifjyefw,f rqkdEkdifbl;}
opf/ /]'Dt½kyfBuD;xm;wJhaeYu pNyD; [k dbufwkdufuaeNyD ; jywif ;aygufrSm NyHK;pdNyHK;pdESifh vlqkd;awG acsmif;Muwm uRefawmfjrif&w,f q&m? rD;utwGif ;u xGef;NyD; t½kyfu jywif;aygufbufu xm;avawmh tcef;qD;ay:rSm OD;pH&Sm;&JU t&dyfu oGm;NyD; xifwmudk; q&m&JU? wkdufa&SUu Munfh&if OD;pH&Sm; pmzwfaewmESifh wpfax&mxJyJ? uRefawmfu 'Dt½kyfudk em&DrSm wpfcgavmuf wpfcgavmuf vSnfhvSnfhNyD; ay;&w,f q&m&JU}
armif/ /]ig odygw,fuG,f? 'grsd K; igwkdY wpfcg vkyfzl; ygw,f}
xkdcPü tdrfcef ;wHcg;onf yGifhvmí armifpH&Sm;onf tcef;wGif;rS xGufvm&m e*dk&ftm;jzifh ydefydef&Snf&Snf &S daom armifpH&Sm;\ udk,fvHk;udk,faygufonf tpm;tpmud k rpm;ojzifh xk dtcgü a&S;uxufyif ydef&SnfBuD; jzpfaeav\/
&Sm;/ /]aMomf udkodef;armif a&muf vmNyD udk;? udkif; bkd;opf t½kyfem;rS m rif;raeESifhawmh? awmfNyD ? rawmfwq aoewfrsm; rSefoGm;rSjzifh wynfhaumif; wpfa,muf qH k;oGm;jyefawmhr,f? 'gxuf udkodef;armif? wu,fhtcsufyJ? cifAsm; a&mufvmwm ae&musvdkufwmAsm? uRefawmfhudk aoewfESifh ypfowfcsifwJh taumifawG ay:vmMujyefNyDAs}
armif/ /]t&ifuvkd avaoewfrsdK;yJvm;AsdKU}
&Sm;/ /]t&ifu[mu bDtufpfat eHygwfwl; As? tck 'DvlawGu usKyfudk ypfzkdY acsmif;aewJh aoewfu 'Dxuf aumif;ao;w,f? acgif;rsm;rSefvkd ufr,f qkd&if xk wfcsif;aygufyJ? *smrefu vmwJh avaoewfvkdY ajymw,f}
armif/ /]'gxuf? tckwpfavm cifAsm; xrif; rpm;bl;qk d ? b,fhES,faMumifh vJ Asm}
&Sm;/ /]vlqkdwm 0rf;0&if ÓPfr&Tifbl;As? wu,fh t[kwft[wf jyif;jyif;xefxef ÓPfxkwfzk dYvkdwJh tcgus&if usKyf xrif;rpm;bJ aewJh taMumif;udk cifAsm; odw,f r[kwfvm;? 'gaMumifh ur®Xmef; bm0em tm;xkwfwJh vlrsm;[m &Spfyg;oDv xdef ;NyD; npmxrif;rpm;bJ ae&if w&m;udk jrifvG,fwJh twGuf jrwfpGmbk&m; ynwfawmf rlw,f r[kwf vm;}
armif/ /]'g &SdapOD;awmh cifAsm? cifAsm; toufudk tckwpfavm aoaMumif;BuHwJh vlrsm;u b,folrsm;vJ}
&Sm;/ /][kwfw,fAsdKU udkkodef;armif? rawmfwq olwkdU tBuHtpnf txajrmufvkdU usKyfaooGm;r,fqkd&if ajc&mcHzkdU vG,fatmif[m &efolUemrnf usKyf ajymxm;cJhrS awmfr,f? wqdwf a&;,lxm;prf ;Asm? ygwmeDukef;vrf; eHygwf 126 rSmaewJh OD;wkdif;ausmfwJhAs? a&;NyD;ygvm;}
armif/ /]NyD;ygNyDAsm? 'gjzif h 'Davmuf aoaocsmcsm od&ifvJAsm? udk,fhudkudk,f ab;a&mufcHaeygayw,f? wpfcgwnf; oGm;NyD; zrf;vdkuf&if rvG,fbl;vm;Asm}
&Sm;/ /]zrf;vkdufwmuawmh tvG,fom;ayghAsm? zrf;vkduf&if vludk om rdrS mayghAsm? ykvJykwD; r&aybl;}
armif/ /]aMomf 'Dvkdvm;}
&Sm;/ /]'Dvkd As? okd Uaomf wHig ajymwmrsdK;vkd 'if;wkdY b,frS rajy;Ekdifatmif ydkufawGESifhawmh tukef 0kdif;NyD;NyD? cufwmu bmcufaeovJ qkdawmh tckae tcgrSm ydkufud k qGJvkduf&if vludkom rdr,fAs? ykvJykwD ; r&bl;}
armif/ /]vl b,fESpfa,muf rdzkdU cifAsm; axmifxm;ovJ}
&Sm;/ /]OD;wkd if;ausmf qkdwJh vlu q&mBuD;yJ? 'Dtjyif olUwynfh aq;eDbkd;qif qkdwJh taumifrsm;vJ ygw,f? aygif; oHk;a,mufygyJ}
armif/ /]olwkdU tck b,frSmvJ]
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 251
&Sm;/ /]'DuaeY wpfreufcif;vHk; tbkd;BuD; a,mifaqmifNyD; olwkdUaemuf usKyf vkdufaewmaygh? udkwkdif;ausmf qkdwJh vlu awmifa0S; vGwf uswmawmif usKyfudk aumufNyD;ay;ao;w,f}
armif/ /]'gjzifh olu cifAsm;rSef;udk vHk;vHk; r&dyfrdbl;aygh}
&Sm;/ /]b,fu &dyfrdvdrfhrvJAsm? &dyfrd&if usKyf taoayghAs}
xkdtcgü avSum;rS wufvmonfh ajcoHrsm;udk Mum;ojzih f armifpH&S m;ESifh armifodef;armif wkdUonf pum;ajym&yfpJMuNyD;vQif tay: xyfodkU wufaom ajcoHavm? odkUwnf;r[k wf rdrdwkdU\ tcef;odkY vmrnfjzpfaom ajcoHavm[k em;pGifhum &SdaeMu&m ¤if;txyfodkU a&mufaomtcg wHcg;udk acgufoHMum;ojzif h armifodef;armifu rnfoljzpfaMumif;udk ar;vk dufonfwGif tjyifu vlu udkwkdif;ausmf jzpfaMumif;ESifh atmf[pfí ajymav\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u wkdufatmufü b,fol&SdovJ[k wkdufa&S Ujywif;aygufrS armifodef ;armiftm; acsmif ;ajrmif; Munfh½Iap&m 00wkwfwkwf acgif;wHk;ajymifESifh vlwpfa,muf "mwfrD;wkdifatmufü &yfaeonfudk jrif&aMumif;ESifh jyefajymaomtcg armifpH&Sm;u xkdolonf tjcm; r[kwf? aq;eDbkd;qif jzpfaMumif;? ¤if ;wkdUonf pGefYpGefYpm;pm; jyKvkyfawmhrnfh tBuHtpnf &Sdí rdrdxHokdY ,if;uJhodkY vma&mufjcif;jzpfaMumif;? odkYjzpfí armifodef ;armifu yef;qkd;wef;XmemodkY oGm;NyD;vQif tifpdydwfawmf armiftkef;azESifh ykvdyfom;ESpfa,mufudk ac:cJh&ef rSmxm;NyD;vQif
tdrfatmufavSum;rS wdwfwqd wf qif;oGm;ap&m armifodef;armifvnf; ckdif;aponfhtwkdif; jyKvkyfygrnf[k 0efcHí qif;oGm;av\/
armifodef;armif qif;oG m;NyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf bkd;opfudk ac:í ,ck0ifvmrnfh udk wkdif;ausmf qkdoludk rdrd rvmrjcif; {nfhcef;rS xkdifí apmifhaeap&ef rSmxm;NyD;vQif tdyfcef;odkY 0ifoGm;av\/
xkdaemuf bkd;opfonf wHcg;udk zGifhí ay;vkdufaomtcg tvH k;t&yf axmifaxmifarmif;armif ;? EIwfcrf;arT; aumif;aumif;ESifh rsufcHk;wkwfwkwf? rsufvHk;jyL;jyL;? ESmwHay:ay: &Sdaom vlwpfa,mufonf Zm0Dwyfxm;aom wkwf BuD;wpf acsmif;udk udkifvsuf tcef ;wGif;odkY 0ifvm&m rouFmaom rsufESmxm;ESifh tcef;wGif ;odk Y apmif;ajrmif;um Munfh&mwGif za,mif;½kyf\ t&dyfudk uefYvefYum ay:wGif jrifojzifh tHhtm;oifhbdouJhokdY &Sdae av\/ ¤if;aemuf tcef;wGif;ü rnfolrsm; &Sd aeao;ovJ[k OD;acgif;vSnfhum Munfh &mwG if rSeftdrfajymif ;wpfckudk
yGwfwkdufíaeaom bkd;opfrS wpfyg; tjcm;ol wpfpHkwpfa,mufudkrQ rjrif&onfESifh za,mif ;½kyf&Sd&mokdY ajczsm;axmufum oGm;NyD;vQif wkwfBuD;udk ajr§mufum tm;ukefvTJí ½kdufawmhrnf jyKqJwGif ]rvk yfygESifh udk wk dif;ausmf? ysufpD; oGm;yghr,f} [k armifpH&Sm;\ toHjzif h ¤if;\ aemufrS ajymvkdufaom toHudk Mum;&onfjzpf í tH hMoBuD;pGmESifh toHMum;&modkY csmceJ vSnfhí Munfhav\/
xkdtcg tcef;0ü rwkefrvIyf &yfvsuf &Sdaeaom armifpH&Sm;ud k jrifavvQif udkwkdif;ausmfonf toHMum;pOfu th HMopGmESifh csxm;vkdufaom wkwfBuD;udk wpfzefajr§mufNyD;vQif OD;acgif;udk ½kdufcGJvkdufawmhrnf[efESifh armifpH&Sm;\ teD;od kY ajcoHk;vSrf ;rQESifh a&mufatmif vSrf ;vmcJ hav&m armifpH&Sm;onf aMumuf &GUHjcif; trlt&m tvQif;rygbJ NyH K;pdpd rsufESmxm;jzifh vufudkydkufum cyfat;at; &yfaeonfudk jrif&av&m ajr§mufxm;aom vufonf atmufodkU wpfzef usoGm;jyefav\/
&Sm;/ /]rvk yfygESifh q&mBuD;&,f? 'Dt½kyf wpf½kyfqkd&if aiGESpf&mausmf eD;yg; tukefcHNyD; vkyfxm;&wmygAsm? cifAsm;wkdU avaoewfxuf tzkd;BuD ;ygao;w,f}
ausmf/ /]b,fu avaoewfvJ? b,folUrSm avaoewf &SdvkdUvJ}
&Sm;/ /]*smreDu cifAsm;wdkUrSm,lwJh avaoewfajymygw,f? rwfwwfBuD; vkyfraeprf;ygESifhAsm? wkwfrsm; tomcs xm;NyD; ukvm;xkdifrSm xkdifprf;ygOD ;As? cg;xJu "m;ajr§mifu xkdif wJhtcgrSm rawmfwq cg;udk pl;awmh r,f? xkwfNyD; xm;;ygOD;awmhvm;As? 'gxuf cifAsm;vmwm tcefUoifhvkdufwmAsm? usKyf uvJ cifAsm;udk awGUcsifaeqJygyJ}
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 252
ausmf/ / (rsufarSmifMuKwfum EIwfcrf;arT;udk udkifvsuf) ]usKyf uvJ cifAsm;ESifh awG UcsifvkdY vmcJhwmyJ? cifAsm; acgif;udk usKyf½kdufcGJrvkdU[m enf;enf;uav; vkdawmhw,f? cifAsm; w,fuHaumif;wJhvlyJ}
&Sm;/ / (aygifwpfzufudk pm;yGJtpGef;wG if wifí ajcwpfzufudk,rf;vsuf) ]cifAsm; ½kdufcsifw,fqkdwm usKyfvJ &dyfrdygw,f As? bmaMumifh usKyfudk cifAsm;wkd U 'Davmuf rsufrkef;usdK;aeMuovJAsm}
ausmf/ /]usKyfudk cifAsm;u bmaMumifh vkdufNyD; aESmifh,SufovJ? cifAsm; vl awGudk bmhaMumifh usKyfaemuf waumufaumuf vkdufapovJ}
&Sm;/ /]b,fu usKyf vlawGvJ? b,folUudkrS usKyf tvkdufrckdif ;&yguvm; cifAsm}
ausmf/ /]bmaMumifh cifAsm; usKyfudk vdrfajymcsifovJ? usKyf rsufpdESifhudk 'd Xjrifw,f}
&Sm;/ /]vdrfzkdYqkdwm usKyfwpfoufvHk; 0goem rygygbl; udkwkdif;ausmf? cifAsm; txifvGJygvdrfhr,f}
ausmf/ /]cifAsm;u cifAsm;wpfa,mufxJ rsufpdpl ;w,f rxifESifhAs? 'Du taumifawGvJ cif Asm;vkd Munfhwwf wmyJ? raeUwkef ;uvJ aq;okwfwJh taumifwpfa,muf usKyfaemufudk wpfaumufaumuf vkdufaew,f? 'DuaeUvJ tbkd;BuD;wpfa,muf wpfvkdufxJ vkdufaewmyJ? 'D[mawG cifAsm;u cifAsm;vl awG r[kwfzl;vdkU ajymcsifwmayghav}
&Sm;/ /]aooGm;wJh pufuav;u ajym&S mw,f? ½kyfajymif;½kyfvTJ tqifuGJwJh ae&mawmh usKyfvkdvl ESpfa,mufr&Sdbl;vkd U csD;rGrf;&Smw,f? ol csD;rGrf ;wmvJrydkvSbl;AsdKU}
ausmf/ /]tvkd 'gjzifh usKyfaemufu vkdufaewm cifAsm; udk,fwkdifayghav}
&Sm;/ / (&,farmvsuf) ]tbkd ;BuD;tkdBuD;u vufwkefwkef&D&DESifhrkdU awmifa0S;vGGwfusawmhawmif cifAsm;u aumuf ay;ao;w,f r[kwfvm;}
ausmf/ / (awmufacguf vsuf) ]½k dif;vkdufavAsm? cifAsm;rSef; rodvkduf&ygayyJ}
&Sm;/ /]odrsm; odvkduf&if tckavmuf&Sd &ifcGJ ½Hk a&mufNyDayghav? usKyfvJ &dyfrdygw,f}
ausmf/ /]r[kwfygbl;? aeygOD;? usKyfaemufudk b,fhES,faMumifh cifAsm; wpfaumufaumuf vkdufae&wmvJ
ajymprf;ygOD;}&Sm;/ /]udkwkdif;ausmf &mZ0wftkyf tvkyfESifh wkef;u trJvkdufzl;w,f r[kwfvm;}
ausmf/ /]vkdufzl ;w,f? bmjzpfovJ}
&Sm;/ /]bmaMumifh cifAsm; vkdufovJ}
ausmf/ /]usm;tEÅ&m,fxlwJh ae&mudk toufpGefYNyD; oGm;&wm aysmfvkd YayghAsm}
&Sm;/ /]usKyfvJ 'Dtwkdif;yJ? cifAsm;u usm;? usKyfu rkqkd;yJ? tJ'D Oyrm twkdif;yJ}
xkdtcg udkwkdif;ausmfonf ½kdufESufawmhrnfuJhodkU xkdif&mrS wpfzef xjyefav&m&Sm;/ /]'gawG vkyfraeprf ;ygESif hAsm? pum;ajym ysufvSw,f? 'gxuf ykvJ ykwD;udk cifAsm; b,f rSm xm;ovJ}
ausmf/ /]BuHBuHpnfpnfAsm? b,fu ykvJykwD;vJ}
&Sm;/ /]usKyf odNyD;om;awGygAsm? [efvkyfraeprf;ygESifh? cifAsm; 'DuaeUn usKyf qDudk vmjcif;[mvJ 'DtaMumif;udk usKyf b,favmuf odrod? usKyfudk okwfoifzk dU b,favmuf ta&;BuD;rBuD; od&atmif pHkprf;zkdU cifAsm; vmwm
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 253
r[kwfvm;? trSefajym&rS mjzifh usKyfudk okwfoifzkdU wu,fhudk ta&;BuD;w,fAs? bmaMumifhvJ qkdawmh cifAsm;wkdkU tBuHtpnf awG tukefvHk; usKyfodw,f? usKyf rodwm wpfck&Sdw,f}
ausmf/ / (avSmifajymifvkdaom rsufES mxm;ESifh) ]trdefU&SdygOD;cifAsm? rodao;wmu bmrsm;wJhvJ}
&Sm;/ /]yk vJykwD;udk cif Asm;wkdU b,fae&mrS m 0SufNyD;xm;w,f qkdwm wpfckwnf; usKyfrodw,f? 'D[mvJ cifAsm;ud k
tck &awmhrSmyJ}ausmf/ /]tvkdawmf ayhAsm? cifAsm; odcsifwmESifh usKyfu ajym&awmhr,f ayghav}
&Sm;/ /][kwfw,f ajym&r,f}
ausmf/ /]wu,fvk dU usKyfodygOD;awmh? cifAsm;u trdefUay;wmESifh usKyf ajym&rayghav}
&Sm;/ / ( armifwkd if;ausmf\ rsufESmudk aphaphygatmif Munfhvsuf ) ]cifAsm; udk,f[m usKyfrsufpdxJrSm zef\ ozG,f jzpfw,f? cifAsm; pdwfxJrSm bm&Sdw,f qkdwm usKyf tukef odEkdifw,f}
ausmf/ /]odEkdif&if ykvJykwD; b,frSmxm;w,f qkdwm cifAsm;bmom Munf h,lygawmhvm;}
&Sm;/ / (NyHK;&,fvsuf) ]aMomf ykvJykwD; &SdaMumif;udk 0efawmhcHNyDudk ;}
ausmf/ /]rcHaygifAsm? b,fu 0ef cHvkdUvJ}
&Sm;/ /]tusdK;ESifh taMumif;ESifh ajymjy&if em;axmifygrSaygh udkwkd if;ausmf&,f? acgif;MuyfMuyfrm&if MuyfMuyf cifAsm; 'ku©a&mufvdrfhr,f}
ausmf/ /]usKyf vJ ykvdyf vlxGufyg udkkpH&Sm;? vlwkdif;udk ajcmufvS efUvkdU &vdrfhr,fcsnf; cifAsm; rxifygESifh}
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;onf ppfbk&ifxkd;aom vlwpfa,mufonf ta&;BuD;aom tuGufwpfckodkU a&TUawmhrnf jyKonfhtcgü pOf;pm;um MunfhbdouJhodkUaom rsufESmxm;rsdK;ESifh armifwkdif ;ausmftm; MunfhNyD;aemuf pm;yGJtHqGJrS rSwfwrf;pmtkyfi,fwpfck udk xkwfí
&Sm;/ /]'DpmtkyfxJrSm bmrsm;ygw,fvkdU cifAsm; xifovJ}
ausmf/ /]b,fajymwwfrvJAsm}
&Sm;/ /]cifAsm; ygw,fAsm}
ausmf/ /][m b,fhES,f usKyf ygwmvJ}
&Sm;/ /]cifAsm; wpf oufvHk;rSm b,ftrIrsm; jyKcJhw,f qkdwm 'Dpmtkyfuav;xJ rSm tukefygw,f}
ausmf/ /]b,fhES,fvlygvdrfhAsm? bmawG avQmufNyD; zsef;aeygvdrfhrvJ}
&Sm;/ /]'DpmtkyfxJrSm cifAsm; r,m; rausmh udk b,favmufESifh touftmrcHukrÜPDrSm taygifxm;w,f? rausmh bma&m*gESifhaow,f? &wJhaiGudk jrif;yGJb,favmuf ydkUw,fqkdwm tukefodygw,fAs}
ausmf/ /]'Dvl ua,mifacsmufjcm; bmawG avQmufajymaeygvdrfhrvJ}
&Sm;/ /]NyD;awmh wGHaw;u armif atmifnGefUuav; wpfa,mufvJ aojcif;rvS b,fenf;ESifhao&w,f qkdwmvJ ygw,f}
ausmf/ /]yg&ifaum bmjzpfovJ? b,fol oufao&SdovJ}
&Sm;/ /]aeOD ;As? rukefao;bl ;? vGpö vrf; (,ck qdyfurf;omvrf;) rSm wpfjrefESpfu wkdufazmufrIu wpfrI? rESpfwkef;u aiGoHk;axmifausmf vufrSwf vdrfrIu wpfrI}
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ausmf/ /]'gawmh cifAsm; rSm;NyD}
&Sm;/ /]'gjzihf 'D[mawG[m rSefwmaygh? usKyfajymr,f udkwkdif;ausmf? cifAsm; oHk;yHk zJ ½dk ufwwfw,f [kwfvm;? wpfzufom;rSm av;buf wDyg r*Fvmudk udkifxm;wJhtcg cifAsm;u t½HI;ay;&if bmwwfEkdifao;ovJ}
ausmf/ /]'gESifh ykvJykwD;ESifh bmqkdifvd kYvJAsm}
&Sm;/ /]t&ifrvkdygESifh udkwkdif;ausmf? wjznf;jznf;awmh a&mufygvdrfhr,f? usKyfenf;ESifh usKyfajymprf;yg&ap? 'Dawmh um cifAsm; tay:rSm ckajymcJhwJh jypf csufawG &Sdw,f? tck ykvJykwD;trIvJ cifAsm;a&m ? cifAsm; wynfh aq;eDbkd;qifa&m ESpfa,mufpvHk; tay:rSm jypfcsuf xif&Sm;oavmuf xif&Sm;aeNyD}
ausmf/ /]armifrif ;BuD;om; tckawmif jzef;wkef; &Sdao;wmudk;}
&Sm;/ /]jzef;wmr[kwfbl; q&mBuD;&JU? usKyf pHkaxmufNyD; odvkdU usKyfajymwm? bk&ifcHtdrfawmfudk [kdnu cifAsm;wkdU pD;oGm;wJh wuúpD armif;orm;a&m? tdrfawmf em; armif;oG m;wmudk jrifvkdufwJh yk vdyfom;a&m? ykvJ ykwD;udk cifAsm;wk dU oGm;a&mif;vkdU r0,f 0HhwJh vmvmbkdifqkdwJh pdefbmbla&m tm;vHk; usKyfawGUcJhNyDAs}
xkdtcgüum; armifwkdif;ausmfonf ezl ;rS acR;pD;rsm; jyefvsuf vufoD;rsm;rSmvnf ; qkyfrdqkyf &m uspf uspfygatmif
qkyfNyD;vQif pum;ajymawmhrnf[k yg;pyfudk [ aomfvnf; ½kwfw&uf pum;rxGufEkdifbJ &SdaeavvQif&Sm;/ /]'gaMumifh usKyf ajymw,f r[kwfbl;vm;As? usKyfvufxJrS m av;bufr*FvmESifh ygwif; wpfvHk; udkifxm;NyD; zJwpfjym;xJ rvGwf wm &Sdawmhw,f? 'gbmvJqkdawmh ykvJykwD;xm;wJh ae&mudk rod wm wpfckyJ usKyfrSm vkd ae awmhw,f}
ausmf/ /]vkdae&if tomxm;vkdufawmhAsm? b,fawmhrS cifAsm; odrS m r[k wf awmhbl;}
&Sm;/ /]'Dvkdrvk yfygESifhav udkwkdif;ausmf&JU? cifAsm; pOf;pm;MunfhygOD;? usKyf wwfEkdiforQ wkdifvkduf&r,f qkd&if tenf;qHk; cifAsm; axmifq,fESpfawmh usNyD;om;yJ? cifAsm; axmifxJrSm ae&&if 'DykvJykwD;udk cifAsm; bmvkyfEk difOD;rSmvJ? 'Dtay:u tusdK;aus;Zl; cHpm;p&m cifAsm;rS m bmrS r&Sdbl; [kwfp? cifAsm;vJ touf i,fawmhwm r[kwfbl;? av;q,fausmf ig;q,feD;yg; jzpfaeNyD? tbk d;BuD;tkd jzpfrS axmif u xGufvm&&if
ykvJykwD;ay:u bmrsm; tusd K;xl;w&m; cHpm;p&m &S dao;ovJ? odl Uaomf ykvJyk wD ;udk usKyfvufokdU jyeftyfcJhvkdU &Sd&ifjzifh xdrfcsefrI jzpfcsif jzpfayapawmh? tomtkyfNyD; cifAsm;udk usKyf vTwfvkdufr,f? txl;ojzifh 'DtrIrSm cifAsm;udkvJ rvkdcsif? bk d;qifudkvJ rvkdcsif? ykvJykwD;udkom usKyfvkd csifw,f? axmifxJrSm qif ;qif;&J&J raecsifygESifh cifAsm? jyefay;cJhvkdU&Sd&ifjzifh aemufaemifudk aumif;pGmrGefpGm aexkdiforQ umvywfvHk; usKyfujzifh raESmifh,Suf ygbl ;cifAsm}
ausmf/ /]wu,fvk dU usKyfu jiif;qefcJ hvkdU&Sd&ifaumAsm}
&Sm;/ /]'Dvk dqkd&ifawmh ykvJykwD;udk && r&& cif Asm;ud k usKyf zrf ;&vdrfhr,f? ykwD ;jyeftyf oifhroifhudk cifAsm; wpfa,mufwnf; rNyD;vkdU bkd ;qifudk wkdifyifcsifvkdU &Sd&if wkdifyifEkdifygw,f? a[h bkd;opfa&? cP vmprf;ygOD ;a[h? wkdufa&SUrSm vlwpfa,muf? 00wkwfwkwf? t½kyfqkd;qkd;wpfa,muf awGUvdrfhr,f? wkduf ay: vmyg qkd oGm;NyD ;
ajymvkdufprf;uG,f}ausmf/ /]ac:vkdU vmcsifrS vmr,fAs}
&Sm;/ /]aMomf 'DrSm bdk;opf? ZGwft&rf;awmh qGJrac:ygESifhaemf? OD;wkdif;ausmfu vmcJhygwJhvkdU ajym&ifjzifh vmygvdrf hr,f}
bk d;qif qif;íoGm;aomtcg
ausmf/ /]olvm&if cifAsm; bmvkyfrvkdUvJAsm}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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&Sm;/ /]ckwifu usKyf rdwfaqG udkod ef;armifudk ajymygao;w,f? uG efESifh 0kdif;NyD;? ig;BuD ;ESpfaumif axmifxm;vkdufwm wpfcgjzifh uGef udk qGJwif NyD ; ig;zrf;rdatmif zrf;&awmh rSmygAsm}
xkd tcg armifwkdif;ausmfonf "m;ajr§mifudk xkwfawmhrnfh [efESifh cg;qDokdU vufvSrf ;&m armifpH&Sm;vnf; tuÐ stdwfudk EIdufonfwGif tdwfwGif;rS ajymif;0 jyLíxGufonfudk jrifojzifh
ausmf/ /]udkpH&Sm;? cifAsm;[m olrsm;vkd zsm;vkd UemvkdU at;at;aq;aq; ao&r,fhvl r[kwfbl; xifw,f}&Sm;/ /][kwfyg&JU? usKyfvJ awG;rdw,f? cifAsm;vJ yufvufraobl;? wGJavmif;uav;usNyD; ao;r,fhvlESifhwlw,f? okdUaomfvJ a&SUta&;awGudk avQmuf NyD; awG;raeygESifh awmh Asm? pdwfr&Tif p&maumif;vSygw,f? avmavmq,fta&;avmufom NyD;jywfatmif ajymMuygOD ;pdkU}
xkdtcg armifwkdif;ausmfonf om;aumifudk ckefítkyfawmhrnfuJhodkUaom usm;wd&dpmäef\ trlt&mjzifh vufoD;qkyfum tHBudwfumjzifh xkdif&mrS xjyefavvQif armifpH&Sm;rSmrl rwkefrvIyf cyfat;at;&Sdaom trlt&mESifh tdwfxJü xnf hxm;aom vufeufudkomvQif owdESifh qkyfudk ifí xm;av\/
&Sm;/ /]a[h q&m&JU? cifAsm; "m;ajr§mifudk tomxm;prf;ygOD;As? eD;eD ;uyfuyf csOf;NyD;oHk;&wJh vufeufrsdK;udk usKyfESifh bm&rvJ? avaoewfom vkyfyg? tJ'gu ta0;uaeNyD; ajcmufceJqkd&if udpö NyD;wmyJ? udkif; cifAsm;vlvJ vmygNyD?
b,fh ES,fvJ udkbkd;qif? vrf;ay:u rwfwyf BuD; apmifhae&wm ranmif;bl;vm;As? xkdifygOD;av}
aq;eDbkd ;qif qkdaom olonf wkwfwkwfNyJ NyJ tom;rnf;rnf;? EIwfcrf;wGJwGJESifh aMumufrufzG,faumif ;vS aom vuf a0SUorm;wpfa,muf jzpfav&m xkdolvnf; tcef;0rS &yfí armifpH&S m;\ yrmrcefY at;at;aq;aq; &Sdaeaom trlt&mES ifh avSmifajymifovkd cyf csdKcsdK &Sdaeaom rsufESmxm;udk jrifvQif taetxkdif cufaeonfh vu©PmESifh armifwkdif;ausmf bufodkU vSnfhí us,f avmif vS aom toHMoBuD;ESifh
qif/ /]bmvJAs ukdwkdif;ausmf? 'DieJu bmwJhvJ} [k ar;aomfvnf; armifwkdif;ausmfonf jyefírajymbJ armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmudk MunfhaeavvQif
&Sm;/ /]bmrSawmh rvJygbl; cifAsm? cifAsm;wkdU tBuHtpnfudk usKyfodwJh twGuf tukefysufwm wpfckygyJ}
qif/ / ( armifwkdif ;ausmftm; Munfhí )]vlrSm r&,fcsif &wJhtxJ cifAsm; ieJu w,f&,fp&m ajymyguvm;}&Sm;/ /]awmfawmfMumawmh r&,fcsif½Hkrubl;? idkawmif idk csifMuvdrfhOD;r,f udkbdk;qif&JU? udkif; cifAsm;wkdU ESpfa,muf pvHk; em;axmif? usKyfutvkyfrsm;wJhvlAs? cif Asm;wk dUudk{nfhcHNyD ;MumMumpum;ajymraeEk difbl ;? udkif; usKyfu a[m[kd tcef ;xJrSm 0ifNyD;awmhaer,f? usKyf r&Sdwkef; cifAsm;wkdUESpfa,mufxJ vGwfvGwfvyfvyf wkdifyifMuayawmh? ig;rdepf usKyftcGif hay;r,f? vkd&if;tcsKyfudk udkwkdif;ausmf odNyD; r[kwfvm;? ykvJykwD; tyfrvm;? vludk tyfrvm;? 'DESpfvrf; wpfvrf;yJ &Sdw,f r[kwfvm;? wa,m rxkd;&wmrsm; MumvSygNyDAsm? xl;rjcm;em; wpfyk'favmuf qHk;atmif xkd;prf; csnfygOD;r,f? wkdif yif&pfMuygOD;} [k ajymí armifpH&Sm;onf <uufavQmufay:ü &Sdaom wa,mudk aumuf,l NyD ;vQif tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifoGm;av\/
wpfcPrQMumvQif oDcsif;cHBuD;udk rxkd;rD bGJUcHvsuf&Sdaom wa,moHwkdUonf armifpH&Sm;\ tcef ;wGif;rS
nD;nD;wGm;wGm; qGJqGJiifiif xkd;aeonfudk xkdolESpfa,mufwkdU Mum;Mu&av\/ xk dtcg ¤if;wkdUESpfa,mufonf wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf eD;uyfpGm ukvm;xkdifü ,SOfí xkdifMuNyD;vQif wkdif yif MuonfrSm
qif/ /]b,fhES,fvJAs udkwkdif;ausmf? ykvJykwD ;taMumif;udk 'DieJu odoGm;NyDvm;}
ausmf/ /]bmrS vkdavao;w,f r&Sdbl;? tukef olodoGm;NyD q&m&JU}
qif/ /]w,f *Gusyguvm;? b,fenf;ESifh odoGm;ygvddrfhrvJ}
ausmf/ /]usKyf wkdU oG m;a&mif;wJh bmblukvm;u owif;ay;vkdufw,f xifyg&JUAsm}
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qif/ /]acG;rom; bmbl ukvm;? 'if;awmh odaphr,f? 'if; rsufESmavmuf pkwfatmif rxkd;Ekdif&if usKyf vufoD; jzwfypfvkdufr,fAsm}
ausmf/ /]xkd;wmu aemuf q&m? 'Du ieJudk b,fvkd pum;jyefMur,f? 'Dawmh ckvufiif; ta&;BuD;aew,f}
qif/ /]wkd;wkdk;ajymygAsm? ieJu yg;ygbduESifh Mum;rsm;oGm;yghr,f}
ausmf/ /]wa,moHBuD; 'Davmuf wD;aewJh txJrSm b,fuvmNyD; Mum;rvJAsm}
qif/ /][kwfyg&JUav? 'gxuf [kdae&mrSm uefYvefYumBuD; umxm;wmu b,ftwGufvJAsm} [k ajymí uefYvefYum &Sd&mod kY aocsmpGm vSrf;íMunfh&mwGif bkd;qifonf tH hMoaom trlt&mES ifh rsuf vHk;rsm; jyL;vsuf &Sdav\/
ausmf/ /]za,mif;½kyfyg q&m&JU? rvefYygESif h}
qif/ /]aMomf [kwfvm;? vefYvkdufwmAsm? wu,fhudk wpfax&mwnf;wlatmif vkyf vkyfwwfygayhAsm? tawmfvJ ÓPfrsm;wJ h vlwpf a,mufyJ}
ausmf/ /]tkd 'gawGvk dufNyD; csD;rGrf ;raeprf;ygeJUAsm? wkdifyifp&m &Sdwm wkdifyifMuygOD;pkdU? ykvJykwD; usKyfwkdY
,lwmawmhjzifh ieJ odoGm;NyDAs? ykwD;udk jyefay;vkdU &Sd&ifjzifh usKyfwkdUudk csrf;omay;r,fwJh ESL;aew,f}qif/ /]BuHBuHpnfpnfAsm? oHk ;av;v tyifyef ;cHNyD ; BuHpnfcJh&wm vufxJa&mufawmhrS jyefay;&r,fqk d awmfEkdifyghrvm;? tzkd;uvJ enf;wm r[kwfbl;? wpfaomif;ausmf wefw,fqkd}
ausmf/ /]wefwmu udpö r&Sdbl;? ykwD;r&&if vlukd axmifcsr,fhta&;u &Sdao;w,fAs? b,fhES,fvkyfMurvJ}
xkdtcg bkd ;qifonf acgif;udkukwfum pOf;pm;NyD ;aemuf
qif/ /][kdtcef ;xJrSm olwpfa,mufxJ r[kwfvm;? pD&ifvkduf&&if raumif;bl;vm;Asm? 'DieJao&if usKyfwkdUrSm wpfjynfat;wmyJ}
ausmf/ /]rvkyfESifh q&ma&U? usKyf BuHwm b,fES pfcg &S dyvJ? tvpfudk rawG Ubl;? tifrwef owdaumif;wJhvl?
vufeufvJ b,fawmhrS rcsbl;? tvkd bmygvdrfh} xkd cPü tdrfa&SUjywif ;aygufqDrS toHvkdvkd Mum;ojzifh xkdol ESpfa,mufwkdUonf jzwfvwfaom trlt&mESifh em;pGifhum &SdaeMu&m rnfonfhtoHudk rQ aemufxyfírMum;bJ za,mif;½kyfBuD;omvQif &SdaeonfjzpfaomaMumifh pdwfcs ESvH k;cs &Sdonfh vu©PmESifh qufvufum xkdif Mujyefav\/
qif/ /]vrf;u toHESif h wlyg&JUAsm? udk if; udkwkdif;ausmf? cifAsm;u ÓPf&SdwJh vlwpfa,muf jzpfw,f? tBuHxkwfOD;avAsm? ok wfoifwJh enf ;ESifh r&Ekdif&if 'Djyif b,fenf; &Sdao;w,f qkdwm tBuHxkwfOD;rS aygh Asm}
ausmf/ /]pdwfcsyg udkbk d;qif&,f? olUavmufruwJhvlawG usKyf ESyfNyD;vmwm b,fESpfcg &SdyvJ? ykvJykwD; usKyfqDrSm ygygw,f? jrefrmjynfrSm a&mif ;vkdUr&&if b*Fvm;wifNyD;a&mif;wmayghAs? ukvm;jynfrSm qkdawmh e,fu us,foES ifh? b,folu vmNyD; vkduf&SmEkdifOD;rvJAsm}
qif/ /]wifydkYwmu [kwfw,f? usKyf wkdUvJ roGm;Ekdifbl;? b,folU cifAsm; tyfrvJ}
ausmf/ /]bmcufovJAsm? *sbwftvD vufudktyfvk dufwmaygh? b*F vm;udk oloGm;NyD;a&mif;vdrfhr,f}
qif/ /]olxnfh NyD; ,loGm;p&m tzHk;ESifh aowåm rSmNyD;yvm;}
ausmf/ /]pd wfcsyg q&m? 'grsdK;awmh 'Dtaumifu yuwl;u pDrHNyD ;om;yJ? aeprf;ygOD; bmoHvJ}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 257
xkdcPü xkdolESpfa,mufwkdUonf pum;ajym &yfpJMujyefí jywif;ayguf &Sd&modkU MunfhMujyef&m bmoHudkrQ rMum;&onfESifh rdrdwkd U pdwfu ajcmufojzifh vefUjcif; jzpfonf[k atmufarh vQif qufvufí ajymMujyefav\/
ausmf/ /]cifAsm;vl udkpH&Sm; yg;vSeyfvSw,f qkdayrJh usKyf wpfywf ½kdufvkduf&if rcHEkdifygbl;As? ykvJykwD;udk jyefay;&if usKyfwkdUudk rzrf;bl;vkdU olajymw,f? 'Dawmh usKyfwdkUu jyeftyfygr,fvkd U y#dnmOfay;NyD; tcsdef uav;&atmifqGJ? tJ'DtawmtwGif;rSm *sbwftvDudk b*Fvm; vT wfvkdufwmayghAs? raumif;bl;vm;}
qif/ /]'Dvkdjzifh awmf&JUAsdKU}
ausmf/ /]udkif; 'Dawmh cifAsm;u *sbwftvDudk awG Uatmif&SmNyD; pDrHay;ESifhayawmh? usKyfu 'DuieJudk awmfatmif ajymxm;ESifh r,f? em;nnf;vkdufwJh wa,moHuvJAsm? bmoDcsif ;awGrsm; avQmufNyD;xkd;aew,f rqk dEkdifygbl;? ukd if; a&mh udkbkd;qif? a[m 'Du ykvJykwD;udk cifAsm;u ,loGm;ESifh ? udkpH&Sm;udk jzef;zkdU&m usKyf wm0ef xm;vkdufygAsm}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 262
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 264
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 285
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a&TOa'gi f ;
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 287
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 302
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 303
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armifpH&Sm;rSm yGJodk Yacwå tysif;ajy oGm;a&mufjcif; jzpfaomaMumifY aqmifjrJjzpfaom ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewf rygbJ&S dcJYav\/ xd ktcg armif pH&Sm;vnf; ½kwfw&ufcsOf;uyfí qdk;ay\vufESpfbufudk csKyfaESmifrnfjyK&m qdk;ayvnf; aemufodkYjzwf ceJqk wfjyD;vQif
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 304
ay/ / ]'Dvd kawmY tacsmifrtkyfygeJY q&m? q&mvufeufrygbl;/ uRefawmfYrS mvJ "g;ajr§mifawmY ygyg&JY? EdkYayr,fY q&mu vufa0SYxdk;aumif;vSw,fvd kYMum;zl;w,f? wcsDwyGJprf;MupdkYvm;q&m? vuav;u aumif;oESifY}
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xdk taMumif ;udk qdk ;ayvJ od[ef&Sd\/ tu,fí vufoD;csif;rqdkifbJ vufvGwfxGufajy;aomf ajy;Edkifao;onf rSef\/ odkY&mwG if armyef;aeaom olwa,mufonf rarmaom olwa,mufudk vGwfatmifajy;Edkif&ef
rwwfEdkifaMumif;udkvJ qdk;ayod[ef&Sd\/ odkYjzpfí qdk;ayonf a&S;uuJYodkY twif;eif;í rxdk;awmYbJ tarmajyavmufatmif ckcH½HkrQ jyKvsuf&Sd&m armifpH&Sm;onf vuf0JjzifY&if0ud kxd k;a,mifjyKjyD;aemuf vuf,mjzifY yg;csdyfudkaumfíowfvdkufonfwGif qdk;ayonf csmvywfvnfí oGm;av\/ odkY&mwGif vJavmufatmifum; r&Sdacs/ armifpH&Sm;rSm vJvkrwwf emusifaeaom olwa,mufudk zdíxdk;&ef tvdkr&Sdaomfvnf; 0wå&m; twdkif;ra&SmifEdkifonfjzpfí qdk;ayrSm rl ;a0vsuf&SdaeqJwGif armifpH&Sm;\ vuf0JvufoD;onf qd k;ay\ ES ma,mif ESifYjyif;pG m xdawGYav\/ qdk;ayrSm oJxJü uRrf;jyefí
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 305
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pufuav;vJ oG m;onf ESifYwjydKifeuf armifpH&S m;onf &efoluk efjyD[k txifESifY ajy;oGm;av&m jrpfzufrSaoewfoH ESpfcsufMum;&jyD;aemuf usnfqH wdkYonf em;&Guf em;ü 0DceJ oDíoGm;MuojzifY wzef tvsm;arS muf vdkuf&jyef av\/ ,if;odkY tvsm;arSmufvdkufjyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;rS m rdrd\ae&mudk &efolrsm;odrnfpdk;ojzifY ajrGuJYodkY wGefYvdrfum wjznf;jznf; a&TYí oGm;cJY&m ayig;q,fcef YoGm;rdaomtcg udkif;yifrsm; twG if;odkY a&mufvmojzifY jidrf0yfpGmae&jyefav\/
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 306
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armifpH&S m;rS m udkif ;yif rsm;Mum;rS acsmifajrmif;vsuf&Sd&m wGm;ívmaeaom t&m0w¬ K udkjrifojzifY aoewfESifY ypf vdkufaomf tjypfqdkzG,f&mr&S daomfvnf; tcsnf;ESD;owfjzwf jcif;udk rESpf oufaom vlwa,mufjzpfonfYtwdk if ; csufaumif;udk acsmif;í wpf[kefwnf; ck efvdkufjyD ;vQif xdkol\ aoewfudk&atmif 0ifvkav\/ xdkolvJcGeftm;Av MuD;rm;onf jzpfí rEdkifreif ;bJ &SdaeonftwGif; ½kwfw&ufaoewfoH Mum;jyD;aemuf rdrdESifY vHk;axG; aeaomolonf aysmYacGí usoGm;avonf/ taMumif;aomfum; ypfvdkufaomaoewfonf armifpH&Sm;udk rxdbJ tcsif;csif; xdrSef oGm;aomaMumifYaywnf ;/
xdktcgü armifpH&Sm;ü &efolwa,mufrQomusefawmYonfjzpf&m toHudkzsufí ]rdjyDa[Y igYvl? vmawmYa[Y} [k ajymvd kufonfwGif vlwa,mufonf rdrd&S d&modkY ajy;í vmav\/ teD;odkYa&mufonfESifY wpfjydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;onf aoewfES ifY ajcaxmufudk ypfcsdK;vdkuf&m xdkolonf 'vdrfYaumufauG; vJoGm;av\/ armifpH&Sm;vJ ½kwfw&ufxí aoewfudkvk,lonfESifY wjydKifeuf pufuav;&Sd&m t&yfrS aoewfoHMum;jyefav&m pufuav;rSm
vuf,mvufusdK;aeojzifY vuf0JvufjzifY ypf&aomaMumifY armifpH&S m;udk rxdrSefawmYacs/
xdkceü tkwftkwfMuGufMuGuf jzpfoGm;ojzifY uRefawmfonf tdyf&mrS vefYEdk;jyD ;vQif tusdK;taMumif;ar;jref;&m aoewfoHrsm; Mum;&aMumif; od&Sd&onfwGif vufeufudk udk ifpGJvsuf &G mom;rsm;ESif Ytwl aoewfoHMum;&modkY ajy;oGm;Muav\/
uRefawmfwd kY a&mufoGm;Muaomtcg wa,mufaomolrSm OD;acgif;wGif aoewf'Pf&mESifY aoqHk ;vsuf? wa,mufrSm &if0wGif 'Pf &mES ifY toufukefvsufvnf;aumif;? puf uav;qdk olrSm vuf,mbuf ykcHk;wGif 'Pf&mESifYvnf;aumif;? wa,mufrSmajcaxmufusd K;vsuf &SdMuonfjzpf&m? armifpH&Sm;rSm qdk;ayu vufoD;ESifY xdk;cJYaom 'Pf&mrSwyg; temw& xdcdkufjcif;r&Sdacs/ armifpH&Sm;rSm xdkolrsm;onf wpHkwck aom 0w¬K ypö nf;udk taMumif;jyKí toufudk pGefUvTwfwdkufcdkufMujcif; jzpfaMumif;udk aumif;pG m,H kMunfjyD;jzpfí yxraoewfypf jcif;
cH&ol\ tavmif;rS tusÐ tdwfwdkYudk prf;oyf &SmazG&m tusÐtwGif;tdwfrS pmwapmifudk awGY&Sd&av\/
armifpH &Sm;onf 4if;pmudk pdwftm;MuD;pGm xkwf ,l í rD;a&mifwGifMunfYav&m pmtdyfay:üum; t*FvdyfbmomjzifY (vGwfvyfjcif;) (pGefYpm;rS&rnf) [laom pmESpfvHk;udkawGY&Sd&avonf/ 4if;aemuf twGif;üum; azmuf í Munf Yaom tcg armifpH&Sm;rSm Muufaoaorwwf tHYMopGm ai;vsuf&Sdav\/ taMumif;udkqdkaomf pmtdyftwGif;ü awGY&Sd&aom t&m0w¬KrSm tzdk;wefypö nf; r[kwf/ tdk;jcrf;yJY wckom jzpfaomaMumifYaywnf ;/
tHYMojcif;ajyaysmufjyD;aemuf armifpH &Sm;onf &Gmom;rsm;tm; tusdK;taMumif;udk ajymjyjyD;vQif tavmif;rsm;ESifY vlemrsm;udk ykodrfjrdKY aq;½HkodkY wifydkYapjyD;rS uRefawmfESifYtwl &GmolMuD;tdrfodkY jyefvmcJYMuav\/
tdrfodkYa&mufaomtcg&Sm;/ / ]bd k;raobJESif Y ajr;aoqdkwJYpum;yHk[m pufuav;rSm vmjyD;ajzmifYaejyD udkodef;armif&J h? tif; olY&efawmh jzifh at;oG m;jyD? odkUaomf qdk;ay&Jh&efuvdkao;w,f}
uRefawmf/ / ]qdk;ayvJ onftxJrSm ygovm;Asm? cifAsm; b,fwkef;u awGYvd kufvdkYvJ} [kar;vdkufonfwGif armifpH&S m;onf cyfapmapmu qdk;ayESifY vufoD ;csif ; ,SOfjydKifxdk;owf&jcif ;rsm;ud k jyefajymif ;ajymqdkav\/
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 307
uRefawmf/ / ]EdkU aeygOD;Asm? onftdk;jcrf;yJUu xl;qef;vScsnfuvm;? onftwGufESifY touftaocH &atmif[m bmrsm;ta&;MuD;aevdkYvJAsm}
&Sm;/ / ]aeOD;av udkodef;armif? tcsdefwefawmY EG m;ydefuefvdrfYraygYAsm? nOfYvJawmfawmfeufjyD tdyfMuOD ;pdkYAsm}
eufjzefrdk;vif;aomtcg uRefawmfYrSm acgif;udkufaoma0'emrS oufom&m&í nOfYtcgu taMumif;rsm;udk pOf;pm;qifjcifvsuf &Sd&m armifpH&Sm;rSmrl eHeufapmapmuyif xGufoGm;aMumif; od&Sd&av\/ udk;em&D tcsdefcefYwGif armfawmfbkwfwpfpif; qdkufvmonfY toHudk Mum;&jyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;vnf; tdrfay:odkY wufvmav&m
uRefawmf/ / ]b,faysmufaeovJAs? cifAsm;pD;vmwJ Y armfawmfbkwfvm;}
&Sm;/ / ]b,fu[kwf &rSmvJAs? odkYaomf udkodef;armifa&? usKyfxifwJY twdk if;rSef&if armfawmfbkwf&S if[m tdk;jcrf;yJYudpö ESifYvmwmwlw,f/ odkYaomf rMumcifod&vdrfYraygYav/ onf;cHjyD;apmifY MuOD;pdkYAsm}
rGef;wnfYtcsdefcefYwGif ukvm;vlrsdK;wpfa,mufonf olMuD;tdrfodkYvma&mufí {nfYonfrsm;ESifY awGYvdkaMumif; ol MuD;tm; ajymjyonfwGif &GmolMuD;onf uRefawmfwdkY&Sd&m tdrfay:odkYnTefjyvdkufojzifY wufvmavonf/
&Sm;/ / ]xdkifyg rdwfaqG? &efukefu a&mufvmw,frSwfw,f}
ukvm;/ / ]cifAsm; OD;pH&Sm; r[kwfvm;}
&Sm;/ / ]cifAsm;vJ tDZ&m r[kwfvm;}
ukvm;/ / ]cifAsm; pHk axmufaygY [kwfp}
&Sm;/ / ]cifAsm;vJ 'gv[dkZDvrf;u ukefpHkqdkif refae*smaygY [kwfp}
ukvm;/ / (uRefawmfYtm;MunfYí) ]cifAsm;eJY twlwlvm;}
&Sm;/ / ]twlwlyg? ajymp&m&S d&if ajymomajymyg? ,HkMunf&ygw,f}ukvm;/ / ]nu cifAsm; bm&ovJ}
&Sm;/ / ]usKyf&wm cifAsm;odjyD;r[kwfvm;}
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ukvm;/ / ]udkif;Asm? 1000 ay;ygYr,f? ay;omay;yg}
&Sm;/ / ]b,ftwGuf toHk ;usaMumif;ajym&if ay;csifay;r,f? EkdYr[kwf&if waomif;aomfvnf; usKyfray;bl ;}
ukvm;/ / ]tdk;uGJuav; cifAsm;rSm bmtoHk;usvJ? aiG 1000 &&if rawmfao;bl;vm;? udkif;Asm 1500 ay;r,f}
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 308
4if;aemuf ukvm;MuD;onf armifpH &Sm;tm; acsmYarmYí vnf;aumif;? qvH ay;í vnf;aumif ; trsdK;rsdK; ajymaomf vnf; armifpH&Sm;onf rnfonfYenf;ESifYrQjyefíray;EdkifaMumif;? tu,fí rdrd\ypö nf;rSefcJYygvQif ½Hk;ü avQmuf xm; awmif;qdk EdkifaMumif;omvQif jyefajymonfjzpfí ukvm;MuD;vJ vufavQmYumjyefoGm;avonf/
4if;aeYwaeYvHk; armifpH&Sm;onf aq;wHudk rjywfatmif aomuf&SLvsuf tBuHxkwfcg&Sdae&m naecif;wd kif a&mufonfESifY wjydKifeuf xdkif&mrS ½kwfw&ufxí ]udkif; wcsufawmY prf;MunfYvdkufOD;r,fav} [kajymjyD;vQif &GmolMuD;tm;ac:í ESpfa,mufom; wdkifyifvsuf&Sd aeMuav\/
4if ;n udk;em&D tcsdefcef YwGif uRefawmfESifY armifpH&Sm;wdk Yonf pGrf;&nf owådjynfYpHkaom &Gmom; ajcmufa,mufcefYwdkYudk a&G ;cs,f pk aqmif;jyD ;vQif qkvmbf tajrmuftjrm; &zdkY&SdaMumif;ESifY armifpH&Sm;uajymqdkí wkwfvSH tp&Sdaom vufeufwdkYESifY a&qdyfodkY wdwfwqdwf qif ;oufvmMuav\/ a&qdyfteD;odkYa&mufvQif armifpH&Sm;onf &Gmom;rsm;ud k udkif;awmxJwGif 0Sufxm;cJ Yí a&pyfodkY uRefawmfESifYtwlqif ;jyDvQif rD;jcpfudkjcpfjyD ;aemuf &rf;í jyav\/
þenf;twl oHk;MudrfrQ jyKvkyfavvQif jrpfnmrS orÁmefcwfoHMum;&ojzifY jidrf0yfpGm apmif YaeMuav\/ orÁmefcwfaomtoHonf wjznf;jznf; eD;vmcJYí aemufqHk;ü va&mifwGif jrifEdkifavmufatmif csOf;uyfí vmavonf/ xdkYaemufurf;ü qdkufuyfí vmav\/ urf;ü qdkufuyfjyD;vQif ukvm;MuD;wpfa,mufonf uRefawmfwdkY&S d&modkU avQmufvmí t*FvdyfbmomjzifY ]vGwfvyfjcif;} [k ajymvdkuf&m armifpH&Sm;u ]pGefYpm;rS &rnf} [koGufvufpGm jyef ajymav\/ 4if;aemuf ukvm;MuD;u txd rf;trSwfay;yg [kajym&m armifpH&Sm;onf tdk;jcrf ;yJYi,fudk pmtdwfrSxkwfí jyav\/ ukvm;MuD;onf rdrd\tdwfrS tdk;jcrf;yJYi,fESifY qufpyfí MunfYaomtcg puf0dkif;ozG,fjzpfoGm;onf wGif pdwfauseyfojzifY acwå qdkif;ygOD;qdkí a&qdyfrS om;a&tdwfMuD; wpfvHk;udk qGJumwifvmav\/ 4if;udk armifpH&Sm;\vufodkY ay;tyfaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf zGifYvSpfMunfY½IonfwGif 'efa&mifokwfxm;aom ajcmufvHk;jyL; aoewfuav;rsm; ajrmuf jrm;pGm yg&SdaMumif; awGY&avonf/
xdkcPü armifpH&Sm;u uRefawmfYtm; tcsufay;vd kufojzifY uRefawmfonf xdkoltm; aoewfjzifY csdef&G,fjyD;vQif vufajr§mufvdkuf[k trdefYay;&m xdkolvJ vufudkajr§mufvdkufav\/ armifpH&Sm;rSmrl &Gmom;rsm;udk tcsufay;
ac:iifjyD;aemuf orÁmef&Sd&modkYajy;oGm;Muí ukvm;oHk ;a,mufukd xyfrHzrf;qD; &&Sdavonf/
4if;trIudk ½Hk;ü ppfaq;aom tcg ukvm;rsm;rS m abmvf&SDApf toif;om;rsm;jzpfaMumif;? 4if;toif;om;rsm;rSm jrefrmjynfüvnf; &Sdonfjzpfí rdrdwdkY\ &nf&G ,fcsuf xajrmufapjcif;iSm vufeufrsm;udk ½k&SjynfrS wdwfwqdwf wifaqmifvmjcif ; jzpfaMumif;? xdkukvm;wdk YrSm tdE´d, jynf&Sd toif;om;rsm;xH vufeufrsm;udk þ&Gmü tyfESif;rnfjzpf&m rSm;í tyfESif;rd rnf pdk;&drfojzifY tdk;jcrf;uG Jwpf ckudk ESpfckjzpfatmifzJYjyD;vQif wpfckudk wiful;í ydkUxm;ESifYaMumif;? þenf;jzifY twkty jyKvkyfjcif;ab;rS vGwfuif;Edkifrnfjzpf&m tdk;jcrf ;uGJ jyEdkifoltm; vufeufvmtyfolu auseyfatmifppfaq;í vTJtyfay;xm;cJY&ef jzpf aMumif ;rsm; od&avonf/ jrefrmjynfrS tDZ&mESifYwuG tjcm;oH k;a,mufwdkYrSmvnf; jypfrIxif&Sm;ojzifY axmif'Pf toD;oD; uscH&avownf;/
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 309
23/ tpkd;& pmcsKyfrsm; aysmufqHk;rIü OD;pH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk
xkdESpfonfum; txl;ojzihf aeyljyif;í rkd;aemufusaom ESpfjzpf&m &GmoGef;aom tcgürlum; &efukefNrdKU\ xHk;pHtwkdif ; aeUa&mnOfYyg &yfpJjcif; r&SdbJ qufcg qufcg 'va[m &GmoGef;vsuf &Sd ae\/
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&Sm;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkodef;armif? bmowif;rsm; xl;ao;ovJAsdKU}
OD;pH&S m;\ oabmt& owif;xl;qkdonfrS m &mZ0wfrIESifh ywfoufaom owif;rsm;ud kom qkdvkdaMumif; uRefawmf od&Sdonf jzpfí *&djynfü olykefx&ef BuHpnfjcif;? t*Fvefjynf ü trwfcsKyfBuD; ajymif;vJ&ef pDpOfjcif; tp&Sdaom
owif ;rsm;yif owif;pmü yg&Sdaomfvnf; owif;xl; rygaMumif;ESifh uRefawmf u jyefajymvkdufonfwGif OD;pH&Sm;onf pdwfysufaom trlt&mESifh qufvufí vrf;avQmuf av\/ ¤if;aemuf &yfwef Uí
&Sm;/ /]&efukefrS m vlqkd;aygw,f aygw,fESifh? b,frSm aygvkdUvJAsm? wu,fqkdawmh tckvkd &moDBuD;rsm;rSm vlqk d;rsm;twGuf b,favmuf tcGifhomovJ Munfhprf;Asm? 'gESifhawmif trIaumif;aumif; wpfckrS ray:aygufwm tHhMoyg&JU}
uRefawmf/ /]ckd;rIuav;awGawmh tyHkyJ awGUygw,f}
&Sm;/ /]ckd ;rIavmuf bmvkyfzkdUvJAs? 'D &moDrsdK;qkdwm BuD;BuD;us,fus,f BuHpnfzkdU aumif ;wJh &moDrsdK;vm;Asm?
usKyfvkdtaumif vlqkd ;r[kwfwm &efukefwpfNrdKUvkHk ; tifrwef uHaumif;w,f}uRefawmf/ /]tppfyJ? cifAsm;om qkd;vkduf&vQif ajc&mazsmuf aumif;avawmh b,fu pHkaxmufrS ay:atmif ajc&maumufEkdifr,f rxifbl;}
&Sm;/ /]usKyf toufudk owfzkdU BuHpnfwJh vl pk[mvJ usKyfvkd ÓPfrsd K;ESihf xGifNyD;vkyf&vQif usKyf aowm MumvSNyD? tckawmh olwkdU[mu ? tvk d pmwpfapmif qkd yguvm;? vdyfwyfwJh vufa&;uawmh aemifawmfBuD; vufa&;yJ rSef;prf;}
xkdcPü oli,fwpfa,mufonf pmwpfapmifudk vmay;&m OD ;pH&S m;onf pmudk vS rf;,l zwf½I NyD;aemuf
&Sm;/ /][kwfom;yJ? aemifawmfBuD;u ol vmcJhr,fwJhAs? ol vmr,fqkdvQifawmh {uefrkcs ta&;BuD;wJh udpö wpfckck &SdNyD;om;yJ? usKyftpfudkuvJ xGufzkdU tifrwef ysif ;wJh vlAs? 'DtxJuawmif 'D&moDBuD;rSm usKyfwk dUqD vmcJhr,f qkdjcif;[m {uEÅ ta&;BuD;wJh udpö &SdNyD}
OD;pH&Sm;\ tpfudk OD;pHxGm;rSm twGif;0ef½Hk;ü pma&;BuD;wpfa,mufjzpfí Munfhjrifwkdif ü aexkdifvsuf&Sd&m OD;pH&S m;ESifh uRefawmfwkdU aexkdifcJhMuaom ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm twGif;ü tvnfoufouf[l í rvmzl;bJ oHk;BudrfrQomvQif udpö ESifh vma&mufzl ;avonf/
uRefawmf/ /]bmudpö wJhvJAs}
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 310
OD;pH&Sm;onf OD;pHxGm;\ pmudk uRefawmf htm; vSrf;ay;vdkuf&m atmufygtwk dif; zwf½I&av\/
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uRefawmf/ /]pma&; armifMunfqkdwm uRef awmf rodyguvm;}
&Sm;/ /]usKyfvJ rodbl;? ol vmawmh &Sif;ajymvdrfhrayghAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]aeOD;AsdKU ? uRefawmf owd&NyD? [kdwpfaeUu owif;pmxJrSm rpf&Sif blwmteD; rD;&xm;vrf;ab;rSm awGUw,fqkdwJh tavmif;[m twGif;0ef½Hk; pma&;BuD; armifMunf qkd ? r[kwfvm;}
&Sm;/ /][kwfayom;yJ? cifAsm;u owd&ao;w,f? armifMunf aoyH kuawmh
w,f NyD ; rxl;vSygbl;Asm? rD;&xm;ay:u vdrfhusNyD; aowJh vu© PmESifh wlyg&JU? ypö nf;twGufvnf; [kwf[efrwlbl; qkdw,fr[kwfvm;? 'Dhjyifaum}
uRefawmf/ /]touf 27 ESpf? vlysdK? twGif;½Hk; pma&;wJhAs? 'DvkdwJhAs? vGefcJhwJh wevFmaeUnu prf;acsmif;&yfrSm aewJh olU&nf;pm; rpdef&DESifh Munfhjrifwkdif blwmem;rSm cGJoG m;NyD; aoawmhwmyJ wJh? olwkdU ESpf a,muf[m ckduf&ef jzpfjcif;vnf;r&S d? b,fvkd taMumif;aMumihf rD;&xm;ay:u ckefcsw,fqkdwm rpdef&DvJ rajymEkdifbl;wJh As? n 7 em&D avmufrSm cGJoGm;NyD; reufusawmh aow,fvkdU Mum;&awmhwmyJAs}
&Sm;/ /]b,fawmh aoowJhvJ}
uRefawmf/ /]t*FgaeU eHeufapmapm rpf&Sifvrf; blwmteD;rSm tavmif;awGUowJh? OD;acgif;rSmvnf; 'Pf&mBuD; awGUowJh? 'D'Pf&m[m rD;&xm;ay:u uswJh 'Pf&mvnf; jzpfEdkifowJhAs}
&Sm;/ /]'Dvl[m t&Sifvwfvwfjzpfap? taojzpfap? rD;&xm;ay:u ypfcsonfjzpfap? ckefcsonf jzpfap? jzpf&r,f? 'Dvkd r[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]'Dvrf;[m jynf&xm;? ykodrf? [oFmw &xm;rsm;tjyif avmfu,f&xm;awGvJ cPcP oGm;w,f? 'Dawmh um b,f&xm;ay:u usw,fvkdUawmh b,folrS trSef rajymEkdifbl;wJhAs}
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uRefawmf/ /]vufrSwf vJ tavmif;rSm rawGUbl;wJhAs}
&Sm;/ /]b,fhES,fvJAsm? vufrSwf r0,fbJawmh pD;r,fhvl wpfa,muf [kwf r,f rxifygbl;? ol vmcJh&m t&yfudk rodapvkdwJhtwGuf ol UowfwJhvlu vufrSwfudkEkwfNyD; ,lxm;vk duf[efwlw,f? ypö nf;vJ bmrSraysmufbl;qkd}
uRefawmf/ /]ol U tdwfxJrSm aiGpuú L 10d wef ESpfcsyfESifh aiG 5d 8J yJawGU&w,f? a&Tvufywfem&Dvnf; vufrSm awGU&w,f? NyD;awmh xl;qef;wmu jynfydkif tpkd;&\ pmcsKyfpmwrf;awGvnf; awGU&owJh}
&Sm;/ /]'gaMumifh usKyfaemifawmf BuD; vmrSmudk;As? a[m ajym&if; qkd &if ; avSum;u ajcoH[m olUajcoHESifh wlw,fAsdKU}
wpfcPrQMumvQif OD ;pH&Sm;\ tpfudk pma&;BuD; OD;pHxGm;onf tcef;wGif;od kU 0ifvmav\/ OD;pHxGm;rSm OD;pH&Sm;uJhodkUyif t&yfjrifh rm;jcif; &Sdaomfvnf; OD;pH&Sm;uJhokdU uspfvpfjzwfvwfaomudk,faygufr&SdbJ tawmfyif wkwfckd ifol wpfa,muf jzpfacs\/ ¤if;ESifh twl pHkaxmuf tifpyd wfawmf udktkef;azvnf; ygvm\ /
xkd ol ESpf OD;vHk ;rSm £ajE´BuD;aom rsufESmxm; &SdaeMuaví ukvm;xkd ifü xkdif MuNyD;aemuf
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 311
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&Sm;/ /]b,fyHk ul&rSmvJ tpfudkBuD;&JU}
xGm;/ /]armifMunftrI taMumif; rif; zwfNyD;NyD r[kwfvm;}&Sm;/ /][kwfuJh ? ckeifuwif udkodef;armifESifh ESD;aESm MunfhMuygw,f? okdUaomf tpdk;& pmcsKyfawG taMumif; qufajymygOD;}
xGm;/ /]pmcsKyfu 'DvkduGJU? jrefrmjynf tpkd;&ESifh ,dk;',m;jynftpkd;&wkdU ukefa&mif;ukef0,frIESifh ywfoufNyD; vQdKU0SufpG m csKyfxm;wJh pmcsKyfuGJU? 'DpmcsKyfawG[m ,dk;',m;jynf tpdk;&qDrS m wpfck? jrefrmjynftpkd ;&qDrSm wpfck &Sdw,f}
&Sm;/ /]'DpmcsKyfu vQdKU0SufwJh pmcsKyfjzpfavawmh 'DjyifEkdifiHu rodbl; qkdygawmh}
xGm;/ /]rod&bl;? odEkdifcJhvQif *syeftpkd;&wkdU *smreDjynftpk d;&wkdUu aiGtrsm;BuD;ay;NyD; MunfhMur,f trSefyJ}
&Sm;/ /],ckawmh jyef&NyD? r[kwfvm;}xGm;/ /]tm;vH k; r&bl;? 3 ckteuf ta&;BuD;wJh pmcsKyfwpfck aysmufaew,f}
&Sm;/ /]'D[m jyefr&vQifaum}
xGm;/ /]jyefr&vQif wpfjynfESifh wpfjynf pmcsKyfjcif;[m ysufawmhrvk d jzpf&awmh rSmayghuGJU? ta&;taMumif ;&SdvkdU jrefrmjynftpkd;&u taMumuftuef ajymcsifw,f qkd&if pmcsKyfvufudkif r&SdvkdU rajymEkdifbJ &SdrSmayghuGJU}
&Sm;/ /]'D vk djzifh pmcsKyf ud k jyef&zkdU ta&;BuD;wmaygh}
xGm;/ /]'gaMumifh rifhqDudk vmw,f r[kwfvm;? twGif;0efBuD;a&m jynfxJa&;0efBuD;a&m acgif;csif; ½kdufukefMuNyD? 'DtcsufrSm ighnDu jyef&atmif vkyf ay;Ek difvQif b,f vdkbGJUrsdK; vkdcsifovJ? Muufoa&aqmif a&TpvG,fvm;?
ol&Jaumif; ...}&Sm;/ / (OD;acgif;cgvsuf) ]awmfygNyD tpfudkBuD;? uRefawmfu 'Dtvkyfvkyfjcif;[m 0goemtavsmuf ÓPfupm; &wm aysmfvkdUvkyfjcif;jzpfygw,f? *kPfxl;bGJ Uxl;vkdcsifvkdUr[kwfygbl;? vkdcsifvkdU uRefawmf BuH pnfvQif MumvSNyDaygh cifAsm;? tpkd;&twGuf uRefawmf aqmif&Gufay;cJhwm b,fESpfcg &SdNyDvJ? udkif ; 'gxuf ta&;BuD;wJh tcsufavmuf a&G;NyD; ajymprf;ygOD; cifAsm}
xGm;/ /]'DvkduGJU? 'DpmcsKyfudk twGif;0efBuD; ½H k;cef;xJu rD ;cHaowåmxJrSm xm;&w,f? rD;cHaowåmaomhuawmh twGif;0efBuD ;qD rSm wpfacsmif;? tyg;awmfNrJqDrSm wpfacsmif;? 'D ESpfacsmif;yJ&Sdw,f}
&Sm;/ /]tyg;awmfNrJu b,folvJ? bdkvm; jrefrmvm;}
xGm;/ /]cgwk dif;awmh 'Dae&mrSm bdvyfom; xm;w,f? 'Dwpf cg jrefrmudkprf;NyD; txm;rSm 'Dvkdjzpf&awmh omNyD; igwkd U ta&;BuD;aewmayghuGJU? wevFmaeU naeu rD;cHaowåmudk ydwfMu&mrSm 'DpmcsKyfudk twG if;0efBuD;a&m? tyg;awmf NrJa&m 2a,mufvHk;u jrifrdao;w,fvkd U aoaocsmcsm xGufqkdMuw,f}
&Sm;/ /]olwkdUESpfa,muf tjyif b,folUrSmrS 'Daomh r&Sdbl;aygh}
xGm;/ /]r&Sdygbl ;}
&Sm;/ /]armifMunfhtaMumif; ajymygOD;Asm}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 312
xGm;/ /]'Doli,fu trIxrf;wm ig;ESpf MumoGm;NyD? pdwfcyfwkdwkdESifha'goawmh BuD;w,f? EkdYayr,fh tvkyfvkyf&mrSm tifrwefaphpyf½kd;om;ajzmifhrwfvkdU pma&;BuD ;rsm;u csD;rGrf;MuwJh oli,fuGJU? 'DpmcsKyf[mu olESifh qkdifwJ h tvkyf jzpfw,f}
&Sm;/ /][kdaeUu pmcsKyfudk b,fol xkwfMunfhao;ovJ}
xGm;/ /]tyg;awmfNrJ Munfhw,f}&Sm;/ /]'DpmcsKyfawGudk armifMunf xkwf,l oGm;aMumif;[muawmh xif&Sm;w,f r[kwfbl;vm;}
xGm;/ /]xl;wmyJ? okdUaomf b,ftwGuf ol ,l&ovJ}
&Sm;/ /]Ekd ifiHjcm;ukefonfBuD;rsm; jrif&vQif aiGay;Munfhr,f r[kwfbll;vm;Asm}
xGm;/ /]'gawmh rS efw,f}
&Sm;/ /]aiG&zkdU enf;tjyif 'Dh jyif enf;vrf ;rsm; cifAsm? awG ;Ekdifao;ovm;}
xGm;/ /]rawG;Ekdifbl;uGJU}
&Sm;/ /]aumif;NyD ? 'gjzifh armifMunf[m pmcsKyfudk aiG&rItwGuf ,lvmcJhw,f qkdygawmh? olUrSm aomhr&SdwJh twGuf aomhwl vkyf&vdrfhr,f r[kwfvm;}
xGm;/ /]tcef;aomhudkyg aomh wl vkyf&r,f}
&Sm;/ /]aumif;NyD? tcef;aomha&m? aowåmaomha&m? aomhwlvkyfNyD; pmcsKyfudk xkwf,lw,f qkdygawmh? olUtBuH u wpfnwnf; xkwf,lNyD; aiGay;wJhvl jyNyD;wJhaemuf vlBuD;awG rodcif jyefxm;zk dUESif h wlyg&JU? okdUaomf 'DtwGif;rSm touf qHk;½HI;jcif; jzpf[efwlw,f}
xGm;/ /]okdUaomfvnf; wpfckawG;zkdU &Sdw,f? bmvJqkdawmh tu,fí armifMunf[m pmcsKyfESifh ywfoufwJh udpö udk ol aqmif &Guf&r,fqkdwm odvsufESifh olU &nf;pm;udk bdkifpukwfJjyzkdU wm0efcHr,f r[kwfbl;? tckawmh olU&nf;pm; rpdef&Dudk [kdnu bkdifpukwfjyzkdU wm0efcHxm;owJhuGJU? wm0efcHxm;wJh twkdif; olU &nf;pm;ESifh xGuftvmrSm
NAHK;qkd ½k wfw&ufajy;oGm;NyD; aow,fvkdU owif;Mum;&awmhwmyJwJhuGJU}az/ /]'guawmh ajc&mazsmufenf; wpfrsdK; xifyg&JUAsm}
xGm;/ / (OD;acgif;&rf ;vsuf) ]'Dhjyifwpfcsufuawmh tu,fí armifMunfonf pmcsKyfrsm;udk jy½HkjyzkdU tBuH&SdvQif jyNyD ;wJ haemuf jyef,lcJh&r,f? ,ckawmh pmcsKyf 3 ckteuf 2 ck om awGU&w,f? wpfck vHk;vHk;aysmufoGm;w,f? 'Djyif wpfcsufvnf; pmcsKyfudk aiG&vkdU jyw,fqkdvQif 'DaiG[m b,frSmvJ? olU tdwfxJrSm awGUwJh aiGuav; 25d ESifhawmh 'Davmuf[mBuD; ol vkyfr,f rxifbl;}
az/ /]'Dvkdxifyg&JUAsm? pmcsKyfawG ,lvmNyD;rS tzkd;rwJh avawmh jyef,lcJh&mrSm [kdvlu aiGray;bJESifh tacsmif Munfh& avatmif rD;&xm;ay:vkdufNyD; owf,l xkd;csw,f xifyg&JU}
&Sm;/ /]vufrSwfuaum Asm}az/ /]owfwJhvlu ajc&maysmufatmif[m vufrSwfudkyg Ekwf,lxm;w,f xifyg&JU}
&Sm;/ /]cifAsm; awG;yHkawmh tat;om;yJ? [kdvlvJ aoNyD? pmcsKyfvJ qHk;NyD? usKyfwkdU bmvkyfzkdU &SdawmhovJ}
xGm;/ /]b,fhES,f 'DvkdvJ[kwfrvJuG,f? nD&,f? qkdif&mvlawGqDoG m;NyD; ppfvm;aMumvm; ar;vm;jref;vm; vkyfNyD; 'DpmcsKyfudk jyefr& &atmifvkyfay;ygOD;rSayghuG,f}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 313
&Sm;/ /]'DvkdjzpfvQifvnf; vkyf&wmayghav? udkif; vmAsm udkodef;armif? rpf&Sifvrf; ( ,ck tvHkvrf; ) blwmudk a&S;OD;pGm oGm;BupkdU? udktkef;azvJ vkdufcJhAsm? okdUaomf w,fBuD;awmh arQmfvifhrxm;avESifhaemf tpfudkBuD;}
uRefawmfwkdU oHk;OD;onf rpf&Sifvrf;blwmokd U oGm;a&mufMuí ½Hkykdifudk ac:NyD;vQif tavmif ;awGUaom ae&mudk jyap\/ tavmif;awGUaom ae&mrS m wHwm;ESifh udkufaygif; 20 cefU a0;í rD;&xm;oHvrf;onf xkdae&mü vuf0JbufodkU cyfqwfqwfauG UoGm;\/
&Sm;/ /]rD;&xm;wGJrsm;udk cifAsm;? MunfhNyD;NyDvm;? aoG;pufrsm; bmrsm; rawGUbl;vm;}
az/ /]uRefawmf aoaocsmcsm MunfhNyD;ygNyD? bmrS rawGUyg}
&Sm;/ / (½Hkydkiftm;) ]wHcg;BuD; yGifhvsuf qkdufvmwJh wGJrsm; rawGUbl;vm;}
ykdif/ /]owd rxm;rdyg}
az/ /]'DuaeU reufwkef;uawmh oufaowpfa,mufu wevFmaeUn 11 em&DcGJavmuf avmfu,f&xm;ESifh &efukefudk vkduftvmrSm rpf&Sifblwmu txGuf tHk;ceJ toHwpfck Mum;vdkuf&w,fvkdU ajymw,f? arS mifaeavawmh
bmrSawmh rjrifvkduf&bl;wJh? tvkd OD ;pH&Sm;u bmrsm; vkyfaewmvJAs}
OD;pH&Sm;rSmrl pdwftm;BuD ;pG maom rsufESmxm;ESifh xkdae&mü&Sdaom rD ;&xm; oHvrf;rsm;udk Munfh½Ivsuf &Sdaeav\/ rD;&xm;vrf;onf txufazmfjycJhNyD;onfhtwkdif; xkdae&mü vuf0JbufokdU ½kwfw&uf aumufoGm;onf jzpf&m uRefawmfonf OD;pH&Sm;\ rsufES mxm;udk jrifjcif;tm;jzifh xl;jcm;aom tcsufwpfck awGU&SdaeaMumif;udk od&Sd&av\/
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az/ /]bmqkdifovJAsm? vrf;cG JESifh 'D trIESifh b,fvkd rsm; oufqkdifvkdUvJ}&Sm;/ /]&xm;pD;wJhtcgrSm auGUvJauGU? vrf;cGJvJ &Sdw,fqkdvQif &xm;ay:u vl[m b,fvkdjzpfoGm;rvJ}
uRefawmf/ /]ndwfceJ ndwfceJ jzpfoGm;wmayghAsm}
&Sm;/ /]tJ'g usKyfvkdcsifwmyJ? [kwfNyDAsd KU [kwfNyD? 'gaMumifh uswJhae&mrSm aoG ;pufawG bmawG rawGU&wmudk;As}
az/ /]bmqkdifovJ q&m&,f}
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az/ /][kwfw,f}
&Sm;/ /]'gESifhawmif aoG;pufrawGUbJudk;As? rD;&xm;wGJudk usKyf Munfh&vQif aumif;r,f xifw,f}az/ /]pdwfcsyg q&m bmrS rawGUygbl;? uRefawmf udk,fwkdif MunfhNyD;om;yg}
&Sm;/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh &SdapAsm;? udktkef;az cifAsm; jyefcsif jyefayawmhav? usKyfwkd Uawmh Munfhjrifwkdifa&m twGif;0efBuD; ½H k;awGa&m avQmufMunf hOD;r,f? vkyfp&mtzkdUawmh cifAsm; wwfEdkifwm wpfcsuf&S dw,f? EkdifiHjcm; ukefonfBuD ;awG pm&if ;udktrnf? ae&yfESifh wuG &atmif ul;xm;NyD; usKyftdrfu apmifhaeprf;Asm? 'gxuf twGif;0ef&JU tyg;awmfNrJu b,folwJhAsm}
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&Sm;/ /]wpfcgjzifh awmfawmfuav; &Sif;oGm;ayNyDAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm;rSmom &Sif;w,f? uRefawmfjzifh rD;&xm;vrf;taMumif ;udk cifAsm; ajymvkdufwm omNyD;awmif ½IyfoGm;ao;w,f}
&Sm;/ /]usKyfrSmvJ &Sif;wmu &Sif;ayr,fh ½Iyfaeao;wmawG tyHkusefygao;w,f? &Sif;wm wpfcsufuawmh armifMunf\ tavmif;[mrD;&xm;wGJtwGif;u uswm r[kwf? trkd;ay:u uswmAs}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,f q&m&,f? trkd;ay:u wufpD;wJhvlvk dU b,frSm Mum;zl;ovJ}&Sm;/ /]wufpD;wm r[kwfbl;As? olUtavmif;udk rD;&xm; trkd;ay:rSm wifvTwfvkdufjcif;jzpfw,f}
uRefawmf/ /][if}
&Sm;/ /]qef;w,f? [kwfp? tauGUvJjzpf jyef? vrf;cGJvJ &Sdjyefqkdawmh cifAsm; ajymwJhtwkd if; ndwfceJ jzpfoGm;w,f r[kwfvm;? 'Dae&mrsdK;rSmrS trkd;ay:u ypö nf;wpfckck[m usr,fr[kwfbl;vm;? wpfjcm;rSmaoNyD; tavmif;udk trkd;ay: wifvTwfvkdufjcif; jzpfwJ htwGuf vrf;ab;rSm aoG;puf rawGUwmayghAs? vufrSwfrawGUwmvJ 'gaMumifhayghAs}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfawmh [kwf NyD AsdKU? EkdYayrJh 'Dtcsuf od&wmu 'DtrI &Sif;NyD; roG m;wJhtjyif omNyD;awmif ½IyfoGm;ygNyDaumAs}
&Sm;/ /]rS efw,f? 'gawmh rSefw,f}
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uRefawmfwdkUonf abmif'&Dvrf;okdU qkdufa&mufMuí tyg;awmfNrJ OD;odef ;[ef\ aetdrfokdU 0ifoGm;Mu&m xkdt&yfü Oa&mywkdufom;rsm;aexkdifaom bkdtdrfBuD;rsm;onf pD wef;um &S daeí OD;odef;[ef\ tdrfrS mvnf; tjcm; bkd tdrfrsm;uJhodk Uyif crf;em;pGm &Sday\/
xGufvmaom tapcH wpfa,muftm; tdrf&Sif OD;odef;[ef taMumif;udk ar;&m tapcHonf tdrfwGif;odkU 0ifoGm;í vlwpfa,mufudk ac:vmcJh\/ xkdvlu rdrdonf OD;odef;[ef\ OD;odef ;pHjzpfaMumif;? OD ;odef;[efrSm rusef;rmojzifh ,aeUeHeufyif aq;½HkodkU wufaeaMumif;ESifh ajymjyav\/
OD;odef;pH\ zdwfMum;csuft& uRefawmfwdkUonf {nfhcef;ü acwåxkdifí OD;pH&Sm;u vma&mufjcif;udpö udk ajymjy&mwGif OD;odef ;pH onf tpfudktwGuf ylyefpkd;&drfjcif; jzpfaom rsufESmxm;ESifh {nfhcHvsuf &Sd&mrS rdrd\ tpfudkrSm tvGef w&m pdwfESvHk;El;nHYodrfarGUaom vlwpfa,muf jzpfjcif;aMumifhe*kd&f tcH&Sdaom ESvHk;a&m*gonf þpmcsKyfaysmufqHk;rI jzpfay:vmaomtcgü½kwfw&uf aq;½Hkok dU ykdUvk duf&aMumif;ESifh ajymjyav\/
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 315
OD;pH&Sm;u pmcsKyfaysmufqHk;rItaMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í wpfpHkwpf&m enf;vrf;nTefjyEdkifygoavm[k ar;jref ;&m OD;odef;pHu rdrdrSm tpfudk rusef;rmonfh twGufaMumif h pdwfES vHk; rcsrf;romjzpfí {nfhonfrsm;ESifh pum;ajym &jcif;udkyif NiD ;aiGUvSaMumif ;ESifh t&dyferdwf ajymjyonfwGif uRefawmfwkdUonf tajcrvSojzifh xGufvmcJh Muav\/
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf prf;acsmif;&yf &Sd armifMunf\&nf;pm; rpdef&D\ aetdrfok dU oGm;a&muf&m rpdef&DrSm oGufvuf aom rdef;uav;wpfa,mufjzpfí OD;pH&Sm;\ ar;cGef;rsm;udk rqkdif;rvifh ajzqkdav\/
&D/ /]uRefrjzifh udkMunf aoNyD;uwnf;u wpfarS;rS tdyfvkdU raysmfEkdifygbl;&Sif? udkMunfudk uRefr i,fi,fuwnf;u odvmavawmh tifrwef ½kd;om;ajzmifhrwfwJh vlwpfa,muf jzpfaMumif ;udk aoaocsmcsm uRefr ajymEkdifygw,f? 'Dvkd[mrsdK;udk b,fenf;ESifhrS jyKr,fhvlwpfa,muf r[kwfygbl;&Sif}
&Sm;/ /]okdUaomfvJ ol U tdwfxJrSm pmcsKyfawG awGUxm;w,f rdef ;uav;&J U}
&D/ /]'gawmhvJ cufwmyJ}
&Sm;/ /]olUrSm aiGMuyfwnf;ovm;}
&D/ /]rMuyfygbl ;&Sif? olUvcuvJ aumif;? taetxkdifuvJ uspfvpfavawmh bPfrSmawmif olUaiG tyfxm; ygao;w,f}
&Sm;/ /]olU pdwfxJrSm wpfpHkwpf&m taESmihft,Sufrsm; r&Sdbl;vm;? rSefrSefajymaemf rdef;uav;}
&D/ / (twefi,f qkdif;vifh NyD;rS) ]taESmifht,Sufwpfckckawmh &Sd[efwlw,f}
&Sm;/ /]MumNyDvm;}
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&Sm;/ /]ajymomajymyg rdef;uav;&JU? odorQudk tukef zGifhajymrS &S if;vif;EdkifvQifvJ &Sif;vif;EkdifcGifh&rSmudk;
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&Sm;/ / (£aNE´BuD;aom rsufESm jzpfay:vmvsuf) ]'Dhjyifaum}
&D/ /]opö mr&SdwJh vlwpfa,mufa,mufu BuHpnfr,fqkdvQif jzpfEkdifw,fvkdUvJ ajymzl;w,f? bmtaMumif;rS ef;awmh rod&bl;}
&Sm;/ /]'Dvkdajymwm rMumao;bl; [kwf p}
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&D/ /]wevFmaeUnu udkMunfu uRefrudk *vkyfbkdifpukwf½HkrS m bkdifpukwfjyzkdU ac:vmNyD; tdrfu xGufvmMuawmh Munfhjrifwkdifblwm½Hkem;rSm jAKef;qkd udkMunf aysmufoGm;w,f&Sifh}
&Sm;/ /]b,fyHkaysmuf wmvJ}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 316
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&Sm;/ /]udkif;? awmfavmufygNyDAsm? vmAsdKU udkodef;armif? twGif;0efBuD;½Hk; wqdwf oGm;Munf h&atmifAsm}
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uRefawmf/ /]okdUaomf vl½kd;uav; qkdwmyJAsm? wpfaMumif;uvJ wu,fqkdawmh olUrSm pmcsKyfawG ygNyD; jzpfvQif b,fhES,faMumihf rdef;uav;udk ac:vmcJhNyD;rS ½kwfw&uf xGuf oGm;&ovJAsm}
&Sm;/ /]rSefw,f? 'D awmh vJ pOf ;pm;p&m&Sdw,f? okd Uaomf axmufvSrf;p&m&Sdwm tm;vHk; axmufvSrf;NyD;rS qHk;jzwfMupd kUAsm}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmf wkdUonf twGif;0efBuD;½Hk ;odk U oGm;í ½Hk;tkyfESifhtwl pmcsKyfrsm;xm;aom rD;cHaowÅmudk Munfh½I Muav\/ OD;pH &Sm;onf aomhaygufudk rSefbDvl;jzifh aocsmpGmMunfh½INyD ;aemuf ½Hk;tkyftm; aus;Zl;wifaMumif; ajymí tjyifodkU xGufvmMuav\/
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uRefawmf/ /]pmcsKyfudk ol ,laMumif;uawmh xif&S m;aeygNyDAsm? jyef&zkdU twGufudkom cifAsm; BudK;pm;ygawmh}
&Sm;/ /]jyef&bkdU udpö ESifh pifppf ol ,lw,f ? r,lbl; qk dwmud k odzk dU udpö [mu wpfxyfwnf;yJAs? ol wu,f,lovm;? r,lbl;vm; qkdwm aocsmatmif od &rS jyef &zkdU usKyfwk dU vkyfEkdifr,f? awG;vHk ; wpfck&Sdwmu bmvJ qkdawmh olUudk pmcsKyfxkwfay;zkdU vlwpfa,mufu ESL;aew,f? okdUaomf olu jiif;y,fcJ hw,f? okdUaomf
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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tdrfrS apmifharQmfvsuf &Sdaeav\/ OD;pH&Sm;onf EkdifiHjcm;ukefonfBuD;rsm;\ pm&if ;udk Munfh½Ií rpf&Sifvrf;ü aexkdifaom *syefvlrsdK; umvm0g; qkdol\ trnfudk txl;rSwfom;xm;av\/ ¤if;aemuf xkdol\ taMumif;udk udktkef;aztm; ar;jref;Munfh&m ¤if;od&Sd&oavmufrSm xkdolrSm ukefonfBuD;[lí qkd&aomfvnf; ukefqkdifr&SdbJ jref rmjynfrS xGufuk ef 0ifukefrsm;taMumif;udk axmufvSrf ;pH kprf;aeaom *syefwpfa,muf jzpfaMumif;ESifh ajymjyav\/ xkdtcg OD;pH&Sm;onf Munf&TifaomrsufESmxm; jzpfay:í vm\/ ¤if;aemuf OD;pH&Sm;onf ¤if; wpfa,mufwnf; pHkprf;&ef udpö &Sdonf[k ajymí wkduf ay:rS qif;oGm;av\/ oG m;cgeD;ü uRefawmfhtm; xkdnOfUtzkdU tjyifodk U rxGufESifh&efvnf; rSmxm;cJ hav\/
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uRefawmf/ /]rSefygw,f ? ok dUaomf wHwm;ay:u uswmaum rjzpfEkdifbl;vm;Asm}
&Sm;/ /]wHwm;ESifh tavmif;awGUwJh ae&mESifhu ud kufaygif;oHk;q,favmuf a0;w,fAs? 'Dawmh 'Davmuf a0;a0; a&mufatmif ypf cszkdU cJ,Of;vdrfhr,f}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzif h trkd;ay:a&mufatmif b,fvkd wifrvJAsm}
&Sm;/ /]vlrjrifatmifwif zkdU 'Dhjyifenf;awmh r&S dbl;? ntcgrSm wHwm;ay:uaeNyD; rD;&xm;trkd;ay: okdU ypfcszkdU enf;wpfenf;yJ&Sdw,f? 'DtwG if;rSm *syefukefonf vl½IyfBuD;wpfa,muf\ tdrf[muvJ rpf&Sifvrf;rS m &Sdw,fqkdawmh awG ;p&mwpfck r&bl ;vm;Asm}
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&Sm;/ /]tpkd;&udpö yJAsm? wu,fqkdawmh usKyfwkdU trIrjzpfEkdifygbl;}
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¤if;wkdUrSm av;&GufrQ jzpfí atmufygtwk dif; yg&S dav\/
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(3) ta&; BuD;onf? tjre fr&vQi f ai Gray;E k di f ? pma&;yg? owif;pmr S aMumf jimxnf hí jye f Mum;ygrnf/
umvm0g;/
(4) wevFmaeUn 9em& Dvmyg? E Sp fc sufacgufyg? tjcm;olr& S d? ? p dwfc syg? ,lc J hvQi fai Gac sygrnf/ umv m0g;/
OD;pH&Sm;onf ¤if;aMumfjimjzwfykdif;uav;rsm;udk zwf½INyD;aemuf twefMum pOf;pm;pdwful;ae&mrS
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aemufwpfaeU naeü OD;pH&Sm;onf naecif;xkwfa0onfh &efukefwkdif; owif;pmwpfapmifudk uRefawmfUtm; ay;tyf í atmufyg aMumfjimudk jyav\/
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umvm0g;/
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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ukd;em&D xkd;onfES ifh wpfNydKifeuf tdrfa&SUrS ajcoHrsm; Mum&NyD;aemuf wpfcPrQ MumaomtcgwGif wHcg;udk acgufoH ESpf csuf Mum;&av\/ OD;pH&Sm;onf xkd if&mrS xoGm;í wHcg;udk zGifhay;NyD;vQif vlESpfa,muf\ ajcoHonf uRefawmfwkdUxH avQmufvmonfudk Mum;&\/ okdUjzpfí OD;pH&Sm;tjyif tjcm;olwpfa,muf ygvmaMumif;
uRefawmfwk dU od&\/ xkd tcg vlwpfa,muf\ toHu t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh
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awGU&ayaomaMumifhwnf ;/ OD;odef;pH onf uRefawmfwkd Uudk jrifaomtcgü wpfcgjzifh cufacsNyD[laom rsufESmxm;rsdK;ESifh ukvm;xkdifay:wGif xk difav\/ xkdtcg
&Sm;/ /]ukdif; udkodef;pH? uRefawmfwkdUu cifAsm; tjzpf tysufudk tm;vH k;odNyD; jzpfw,f? 'Dawmh [kwfwkdif;rSef&m udkom zGifhajymayawmh? taumif;qHk;rSmawmh rSefwJhtwkdif;ajzmifhcsufay;vQifawmh tjypf'PfayghzkdUuyg ulnDaqmif&Gufay;zkd U tmrcHygw,f? wu,fqkdawmhAsm? pmcsKyfudk ,lvQif ,lwmaygh? vluav;udkawmh owfzkdU raumif;ygbl;Asm}
pH/ /]uRefawmf rowf ygbl;Asm? 'Dwkdif; rSefygw,f? owfwmu uRefawmf r[kwf&ygbl;}
&Sm;/ /]ukdif ; 'gjzifh olUtavmif ;udk avmfu,f&xm;acgifrkd;ay: rwifrD tjzpftysufud k ajymjyprf;Asm}
pH/ /]ajymygawmhr,fAsm? rS efwJhtwkd if; usKyf ajymjyygawmhr,f? jrif;yGJESdyfpufvkdU BuHrdBuH&m BuHpnfrdwmawmh rSef ygw,f? okdUaomf armifMunfudkawmh uRefawmf rowf&ygbl;cifAsm? ,Hkygawmh? uRefawmf r[kwfygbl ;}
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pH/ /]5000d &ygw,f}
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&Sm;/ /]pmcsKyfawGuaumAsm}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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______
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 377
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 378
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xkdtcg uRefawmfonf atmf[pf&ef BudK;pm;jyef&m uRefawmf\vQmonf tmacgifwGif uyfvsuf cGmr&atmif &Sdojzifh ratmfEkd ifbJ&Sdav\/ ¤if;aemuf uRefawmfonf &SdorQ cGeftm;udk ñSpfxkwfí xkdif&mrS xrnf jyKyg aomfvnf; xEk difrnfudk rqk dxm;bd? vufwpfzufudkrQ ajr§mufyifhjcif;iSm rpGrf;EkdifbJ ½kwfw&uf cGeftm; ukefcrf; vsuf &Sdav\/ xkdUaemuf rSdwfvkrwwf&Sdaom rsufpdrsm;udk tm;cJí zGifhMunfhvkduf&m bem*sD\ &ufpufaom rsufESmonf NyHK;&,fvsuf&Sdonfudk aemufqHk;tBudrf awGUjrifvkduf&NyD;aemuf tolw&meufaom acsmufxJokdU ypfcs vkdufbdouJhokdU rJrJrkdufrkdufjzpfNyD;vQif owd arhavsmh ajrmepfí oGm;av\/
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 379
uRefawmfonf rnfrQavmuf Mumatmif epfajrmvsuf&Sdí xkdtawmtwGif;ü rnfokdUjzpfysufvsuf&Sdonfudk rod&Sd EkdifcJhacs/ owd&vmojzifh rsufpdrsm;udk zGifhíMunfhvkdufaomtcg aerif;\ ta&mif onf MunfvifpGm xGef;awmuf vsuf &S donfudk awGUjrif&NyD;vQif uRefawmfonf at;pufrmaMumaom t&m0w¬Kwpfckay:ü yufvufvefvsuf &Sdaeonfhtjzpfudk od&av\/ ¤if;aemuf aocsmpGm Munfh½Ijyefonfh tcg tcef ;\ eH&Honf rSefrsm;jzifh um&Hvsuf &Sdonfudk vnf;aumif;? trdk;onfvnf; xkdenf;wlpGm tvif;a&mif 0ifEkd ifapjcif;iSm rS efrsm; wyfqif vsuf
&Sdonfudk vnf;aumif; awGUjrif&onfhjyif ESmacgif;rSvnf; aq;eHUwkdUudk ½I½Iduf&onfjzpfaomaMumifh uRefawmfrSm aq;½H kBuD;twGif; &ifcGJ½Hk ü qkdufa&mufvsuf &SdaMumif;udk od&Sd&av\/ uRefawmftm; aoqHk;NyD xifrSwfí &ifcGJ½Hkü wifxm;jcif;jzpfavonf/
xkdtjcif;t&mudk od&SdonfESif h wpfNyd Kifeuf uRefawmfonf pm;yGJay:ü aigufceJ xíxk difNyD;vQif uRefawmf\ udk,fudk iHkUíMunfh&m t0wfwkdUrSm &THUEGHrsm; ayusHvsuf pufqkyfzG,f &Sdaeonfhjyif qHyifrSmvnf; aoGUacsmufaom &THUcJwkdUaMumifh tpdkiftcJjzpfíaeonfh tjzpfudk awGU&Sd&av\/ xkdcPü q&m0efBuD;onf ¤if;\ wynfh wpfa,mufESihf tcef ;wGif;okdU 0ifvm&m uRefawmfxkdifaeonfudk jrifojzifh vefUíoGm;MuNyD;rS ao&mu &Sifvmaomol [lí vufudkqGJum 0rf;omaMumif; ajymMuav\/
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XmemokdU a&mufaomtcg uRefawmfonf wkdifcsufay;rnf[k Xmemtkyfudk apmifhqkdif;vsuf &SdpOf jyu©'defwpfckudk vSrf;íMunfhrd&m uRefawmf epfajrmaom aeUonf we*FaEGaeU jzpfí xkdaeUrSm Ak'¨[l;aeU jzpfaMumif;awGUjrif&ojzifh uRefawmfrSm ESpf&ufvHk;vHk; epfajrmvsuf &SdcJhaMumif; tHhMopGmESifh od&Sd&av\/
Xmemtkyfa&mufvmaomtcg uRefawmfonf uRefawmf\ tjzpftysufrsm;udk wkdifwef;ajymqkdav&m yxrü
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[k ajymNyD;aemuf uRefawmfonf tjzpf tysufrsm;udk wpfzefjyefí ajymjyav\/ uRefawmf\ pum;tqHk;ü ...
csE´&m;/ /]tdEd´,wpfjynfvHk;rSm emrnfBuD;NyD;vmcJhwJh olck d;BuD;vufwG if;u cifAsm;vGwfNyD; vmcJ hwm tifrwef uHaumif;w,fAsm}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 380
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fAs? bem*sDu olckd;vm;}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 386
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 387
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 388
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7/18/2019 - -
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/-55cf93a0550346f57b9df812 390/447
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7/18/2019 - -
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/-55cf93a0550346f57b9df812 391/447
pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 392
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7/18/2019 - -
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/-55cf93a0550346f57b9df812 393/447
pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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xkdtcg uRefawmf rSmrl vlowfrIESpfrIESifh 0&rf;ajy;íae&aomol wpfOD;wpfa,mufu tpdk;&pHkaxmuf tifpydwfawmf udkrQ ruao; uRefawmf\ rdwfaqG pH kaxmufBuD;OD;pH&Sm;ukdyg rxDav;pm;jyK0Hhava&mhovm;[k atmufarhvsuf armifpH&S m;tm; tusdK;taMumif;udk jyefajymonf wGif armifpH&Sm;onf vm0HhvQif [laom pum;udk Mum;&onfESifh
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 399
¤if;aeUn 8 em&D wdwdtcsdefü uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf &G dKif&,f[kdw,fa&SUü armfawmfum;udk &yf ap NyD;aemuf um;ay:rSqif;oufMuí armifpH&Sm;onf ukefonfvrf;txufatmuf arQmfMunfhvkdufonfwGif t&yf0wf t&yfpm;ESifh ykvdyft&m&S drsm;onf aps;qkdifa&SUvrf;Mum;teD;? uGrf;,mqkdif ponfwkdUü rvdrfhwpfywf wefY&yfum apmifhqkdif;vsuf &SdaeMuonfudk awGUjrif&ojzifh ]usKyfwkdUvl ukdtkef ;azujzifh awmfawmfpDpOfxm;vkdufayoudk;As} [k ajymNyD;aemuf [kdw,fwGif;okdU 0ifoGm;Muav\/
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&av\/ atmufyg tjzpftysufwk dUrSm armifpH&Sm;u udpöNyD;pD;aom tcgrS uRefawmfhtm; ajymíjyaom tjzpftysufrsm; jzpfavonf/
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]udkif;? usKyfa&mufygNyD udk pH&Sm;Asm;? rvIyf eJUaemf? wqdwfuav;? vIyf&if ypfvkdufr,f Mum;vm;}
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 400
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xGef;/ /]udkpH&Sm;&JU? cifAsm;vl udkxGef;nGefU[m usKyf wk dU awmif ;wJhaiGud k jrefjrefay;ygapAs? wpfaeUxufwpfaeU aps;wufwuf NyD; oGm;vkdU aemufqHk;wpfaeUusawmh ray;bJvnf; rae&bJESifh trsdK;om; rD;tmrcHukrÜPDav; tvum; ysufpD;oGm;vdrfhr,fAs}
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¤if;aemuf bGdKifukvm;rsm;? pma&;rsm;ESifh refae*smwkdUyg rD;tdrfrsm;ESifh tcef;rBuD;wGif;okdU a&mufvmMuí tusd K;taMumif; ar;jref ;Muaomtcg "mwfrD;rsm;onf tm;vHk;uGJvsuf &Sdonfudk awGUMu&onfjyif rsm;pGmaom t*FvdyfrwkdUrSm vuf0wfvufpm;rsm; vk,ljcif; cH&ojzifh aysmufqHk;vsuf &SdaMumif; od&Sd&av\/
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 401
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xk dcPü wHcg;udk acgufoHMum;ojzifh uRefawmfonf oGm;a&mufzGifhay;avvQif ,refaeUu ukdxGef;nGefUonf wkefvIyfaom trlt&mESif h tdrfcef;wGif;okdU wkd;0ifvm&m ¤if;\aemufrS tifpydwf awmf armiftkef;azvnf; xuf Muyfygvmav\/
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 402
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 412
rD;pufay:rS ygvmaom rD;puftvkyform;ESifh t&m&SdwkdUonf um;ay:okdU ckefwufNyD;aemuf tHhtm;oifhvsuf &Sdaeaom ykvdyfom;wk dUu ckcHjcif;rjyKEkdifrD '½k difbmESifh ykvdyfwkdUud k rl;a0,kdifvJonfhwkdif atmif ½k duf ESufMuaMumif;? wHcg;udkvnf; tcsdKUu csd K;zJ h½kdufESufNyD;vQif tusOf;orm;udk xkwf,lí rD;pufay: wifNyD;rS a&Twd*Hkbk&m;bufokdU armif;ESifíoGm;MuaMumif;/ xkdolwkdUrSm aMu;0gcarmufBuD;rsm;udk aqmif;vsuf&SdMuonfjzpf í rD;puft&m&Sdrsm;yif rSwfxifrd aMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav\/
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jynfxJa&;0efBuD;csKyfu ,ckuJhokdYaom trIrsdK;onf jrefrmjynf ü wpfcgzl;rQ jzpfay:zl;onf r&SdbJ rdrd\ vufxufusrS jzpfay:&jcif;jzpfí nYHzsif;&musaeonfjzpfí &SufzG,fvdvd jzpf íaeaMumif;? rMumrDtcgu rdwD¬vm e,fy,fü pHzJwpfa,muf x<uykef ;a&Smifí aejcif;rSm awmpGefawmzsm;ü jzpf&jcif;jzpf í þtrIESif h EIdif;pmvkdufaomf ckcHajymqkd taMumif;jyEk difzG,f&m &SdaMumif;? ,ckrSmrl vlowfrIESifh zrf;qD;xm;aom vlwpfa,mufonf ppfaq;rnfh aeUwGifrS aeYvnfBuD;aMumifawmifwGif w&m;olBuD;udk owfjcif;? a&S UaeBuD;ukd owfjcif;? aemufqHk;ü axmifarmfawmf um;rS w&m;cHud k twif;vk,ljcif;wkdUrSm þjynfrQru tjcm;aom wkdif;jynf rsm;wGifyif rBuHKzl ;
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 413
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xkdtcg armifpH&S m;rSm OD;xGef;az\ wynfhi,fom;wpfa,mufu rdrdtm; ,if;uJhokdY avSmifajymif&onfudk
trsufjyif;pG m xGufojzihf vlcsif;eD;cJhvQif ajcESifhuefausmufvkdonfjzpfaomfvnf; toHudkrl rnfok dUrQ rjyKEkdifonfjzpfí ]w,f acG;rom; } [k Budrf;0g; a&&GwfNyD;aemuf w,fvDzkef;ukd csdwfxm;vkdufav\/
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 414
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xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;rSm xkdol\vufwGif;okdU usa&mufaeonfhtcgwGif ckcHaomfvnf; tcsnf;ESD;yifjzpfrnfudk jrifojzifh ck dif;aponfhtwkdif; NidrfoufpGm vkdufem&av\/ ok dY&mwGif armifpH&Sm;onf tcsdefudk qGJíaejcif;rQjzpf&m tBuHudk um; ravQmhbJ tvpf udk omvQif acsmif ;íaeav\/
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xkd tcg armifpH&Sm;rSm þrQavmuf at;at;aq;aq; pDrHEkdifaom vlqkd;wpfa,muftjzpfudk tHhMoonfxuf wkd;íyif tHhMord jyefav\/ ¤if;aemuf ...
&Sm;/ /]cifAsm; pdwfaemufNyDxifw,f? usKyftdrfxJudk cifAsm; b,fvkd tBuHESifh vmcJhovJ}xGef;/ /]taMumif;uawmh trsdK;rsdK;ygyJ? yxrtaMumif;uawmh wpfNrdKUvHk;&Sd ykvdyfawG[m usKyfudkawGUatmif vkdufNyD; &S maewkef; pH kaxmufBuD;OD;pH&Sm; aetdrfrSm 0if NyD;ykef;aewmavmuf vHkwJhae&m b,frS m &SdrSmvJ ? NrdKUu ajrvSefNyD; &SmvQifom&Smr,f? OD;pH &Sm;tdrfudkawmh b,fenf;ESihfrSvmNyD ; &Smr,fr[kwfbl;vkdU usKyfodwmu wpfaMumif;? 'kwd,taMumif;uawmh cifAsm;[m usKyfudk ae&mwk dif;rS m vkduf NyD;aESmifh,Sufaewm tawmfMumNyD? 'Dwpfcgawmh raESmifhr,SufEkdif avmufatmif tqHk ;pD &ifawmh r,fvkdU BuHpnfjcif;u wpfaMumif; ? 'DESpfaMumif;aMumifh usKyfvmcJhjcif; jzpf w,f}
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 415
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 420
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7/18/2019 - -
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 421
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7/18/2019 - -
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 422
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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OD;cefYxHokdY &Gmom;wpfcsdKU apmapmu oGm;MuNyDjzpfaMumif;ESihf qufvufí tjzpftysuf rsm;udk ajymjyav\/]oBuFeftMuwfaeYu uRefawmf \ uRJ rsm;vkduf&m uRJwpfaumifrawGUojzifh twufaeYeHeuf qufvuf&Sm&m aeUvnfavmufrS usm;udkufxm;onfh uRJaowpfaumifudk awG U&ygw,f? cifAsm;xH usm;apmifhay;&ef tajymvTwf&rSmuvJ uRefawmfrS m Oykofapmihfaevsuf jzpfí rvTwf&yg? &Gmom;rsm; 'DtaMumif;ud k Mum;awmh ud ktHhBuD;u usm;ud k olypfr,f? vifhpifomxkd;ay;ygqkdí &G mom;rsm;u vifhxkd;ay;w,f? ukdtHhBuD;vnf; ukdbwifwkd YtdrfwGif vnfywfaeckdufjzpf í 'DtaMumif;udk udkbwifwkdUtdrfrSmyJ ajymw,f? NyD;awmh udktH hBuD;u]]udkbwif usm;ypfwmMunfhcsif&if uRefawmfESifhvkdufcJhygvm;}} [k ajymaomtcg ukdbwifu ]]rvkdufcsifbl;Asm ?
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 435
aMumufw,f}} [k jiif;qefygw,f/ xkdtcg r,m;jzpfol rat;&Sifu ]a,musfm;jzpfNyD ; onfavmuf ol&Jabmenf;&ovm;? vifhpifay:uae Munfh&wmyJ ? uRefrawmif vkd ufMunfh0Hhygw,f} [k ajym&m udk tH hBuD;u ] [kwfom;yJ Asm? vifhay:uyJ bmaMumufp&m &SdovJ? &Jaq;wifoGm;wmaygh} [k ajymvkduf&m rat;&SifrSm oabmus[efESifh NyHK;íaeav\/ ukdbwifuvnf;
]'gjzifh vkdufwmayghAsm? cifAsm;rSm bm&SdovJ}
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ESpfa,mufqHkNyD; &Gmom;oHk ;av;a,mufESif h uRJaoaumif&Sd&mudk oGm;Muw,fAs? vifhpifay:a&mufawmh udktHhBuD;u]]a&mh cifAsm;twGuf}} qkdNyD; t&ufykvif;wpfvHk;udk udkbwifudk ay;vkdufwmudk vkdufydkYwJh &Gmom;uav;rsm;u jrif&w,fwJhAs? NyD ;awmh rif;wkdU jyef Muawmh? usm;vmcgeD;NyD [k ajymí &Gmom;uav;rsm; jyefvmMu&owJhAs? onfaemufawmhjzihf olwkdUESpfa,mufwnf; vifhpifay:rSm apmifhaeMuwmyJ? uRefawmfwkdUvJ em;wpGifhpGifhES ifh em;axmifaeMuwmyJ ....
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ay: yufvufvSefNyD; vG,ftdwfxJygvmwJh 0DpuDykvif;udkxkwf? zefcGufxJ ykvif;wpf0ufusatmif iSJY? zefcGufwpf0ufavmuf usatmif aomufNyD;rS rat;&Sifudk tjref ac:ay;yg ckdif ;íoGm;ac:&m rat;&SifvJ cPjcif ;yJ udktHhBuD;tdrfudk a&mufvmw,fAs? rat;&Sifa&mufrS ukdtHhBuD;vJ pum;ajymEkdifawmhwmyJAs ...
BuD;/ / ]rat;&Sif&,f? 0rf;vnf; renf;ESifhawmh? jzpfNyD;trI[mawmh rwwfEkdifawmhbl;? olUtaMumif;ESifh olUuHyJ? uRefawmfwkdU vifhpifay:a&mufNyD; rMumcifrSmyJ ae0ifoGm;w,f? &Spfem&Davmufusawmh tawmfyJ arSmifrkdufoGm; w,f? 'Dawmh udkbwifu olaMumufw,f? vifhay:rSm rae0H hbl ;vkdU ajymwmudk;? onfawmh uRefawmf u aMumufp&mr[kwfygbl;? 0DpuDudkom enf;enf;aomufvkdufyg ajymawmh olu wpfykvif;vHk; armhaomuf vkdufw,fAs? aomufNyD;wpfatmifhaeawmh usm;vmoHMum;&wmudk;? onfawmh olUrSm 'll;awGwkefNyD; odyfaMumufvm wmaygh? uRefawmfu raMumufygESifh qkdaywJh r&awmhbl;? vuav;uvJ rHIrHIomaeawmh usm;vifhpifatmuf
a&mufvmwm ol jrif &awmh tNidrfraebJ vifhay:rSm rwfwyf&yfNyD; tay:u opfudkif;ay:udk wuf wmaygh? vlu wkefwkef&D&Djzpfaeawmh ajcvufawGu b,fNrJ awmhrvJ? acsmfusoGm;wmaygh? olvJ ajrBuD;ay: Akef;ceJusoG m;a&m usm;BuD;uvJ aMumufp&m toHBuD;ESifh [d ef;NyD;olUtay: ckeftkyfvkdufwmyJ? onfawmh uRefawmfvJ b,fvkdrS rBuHwwfawmhbl;? usm;udk aoewfESifhypf&ifvJ vludkygrSefr,f? rypfbJ ae&ifvJ vludk udkufowfawmhr,f? 'Dvkd aewkef ; ½kwfw&uf tBuH &NyD ; usm;vefUxGufajy;atmif aoewfESifh wjcm;udk acsmfypf&wmaygh? yxr ESpfcsuf ypf vkdufawmh rajy;ao;bl ;As? aemufwpf csufypfawmhrS xGufajy;wmaygh? okd Uayr,fh tvGwfxGufrajy;bl? vludkqGJNyD; awmxJ0ifoGm;awmh uRefawmfvJ b,f hES,frS rwwfEdkifawmhbl;? vifhpifay:uom &GmuvlawG
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 436
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[k ac:vmaomaMumifh uRefawmf a&m udkyefyg olBuD;tdrfokdY pum;vufp rowfbJ xGufcJhMuav\/
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awGU&av\/ tdrfay:okdYa&mufvQif tifpydwfawmfrif;uyif pum;pí
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uRefawmf/ / ( udktH hBuD;zuf vSnfhí ) ]rdwfaqGaum vkdufr,f r[kwfvm;}
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cefY/ /]vlwpfa,mufvHk; aoaewmyJAsm? tvkyfudk bm*½kpkdufp&m &S dovJ ? cifAsm;ajr§mufay;vkdU ol Ucrsm ao&&SmwmyJ ? twloGm;wJh vl ryg&if cifAsm;a,mufsm;tavmif;ud k b,folu &Smay;OD;rSmvJ}
[k OD;cefYu aigufqwfqwf ajymvkduf&m rat;&Sifvnf ; olBuD;tdrfay:rS aqmifhatmifhí qif;oGm;av\/ ukdtHhBuD;uvJ pdwfryghwygESifh
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 437
[k qkdum &G mom;q,fa,mufavmufES ifh olBuD;? OD;cefU? ukdthHBuD;ESifh uRefawmfwkdYonf olBuD;tdrfrS xGufcJhMuav\/
uRefawmfvJ aoewfudk ,lí udktHhBuD;ESifhtwl vifhpif&Sd&m awmxJokdY a&SUaqmifoGm;&m rsm;rMumrDcyfvSrf;vS rf;uyif opfyifBuD;ay:rSm xkd;xm;aom vifhpifudk jrif&av\/
uRefawmfonf vifhpiftem;okdY a&mufaomtcg pkd;&drfruif;&SdonfESihf &G mom;rsm;tm; a&SUokdY rwkd;apbJ tifpydwfawmfrif; OD;cefY? ukdtHhBuD;? olBuD;ES ifh tjcm;&Gmom; rkqkd;ESpfa,mufudk ac:NyD; vifhpifatmufokdY 0ifoGm;Muav\/
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]a[m[k d opf udkif;ay:u uswmyJ? ajrBuD;ay:awmh 'D ae&mrSm usw,f}
[k ajymNyD; udkbwifvdrfhusaomae&mudk vufñdI;xkd;jyav\/ OD ;cef Uuvnf; ][kwfw,fcifAsm? ol raMumuf&if vifhpifay:u usvdrfhr,f r[kwfbl;? ckawmh cifAsm; ajymovkd aMumufNyD; opfudkif;ay: wufawmh usoGm;rSmaygh? uJAsm oluswJhae&mud k ikwfuav;wpfck ½kdufxm;yg}
[k qkdí &Gmom;wpfa,mufu opfom;wpfck udk cRefNyD; jyaomae&mwGif ikwf ½kdufxm;av\/
xkduJhokdY ikwf½kduf&if; pum;ajymMupOf uRef awmfhrSm usm;ypf0goemygonf htwkdif; ¤if;opfyif BuD;atmuf ae&mwumudk aphaphpyfpyfvSnfhvnf Munfh½I&m vlaoaumifudk usm;qGJoGm;aom ae&mESifh aoewf usnfqHrsm;rSefxm;aom ae&mrSm ESpfvHavmuf uGmonfudkvnf ;aumif;? usm;ajc&mESifh vlaoaumif qG Jxm;aom pGyfaMumif;udkom awGU&í aoG;[lí wpfpufrQ rawGU&aMumif;? okdYaomf ¤if;wkdUrSm rxl;qef;acs/ xl ;qef ;aom tcsufwpfckrSm usm;ajc&mudk taotcsmMunfh&m usm;\b,fbufvuf ajc&mrsm;rS m tjcm;aom ajc&mrsm;uJhok dY ajcaMumif;av;ck&m rxifbJ oHk;ckomxifonfudk awGU&ojzifh ¤if ;ajc&mrsm;udk aocsmonfxufaocsmatmif av;ig;cktxd uRefawmfvkdufí ajrBuD;em;uyfNyD; aocsmatmif iHk UMunfhaepOf OD;cefUu
]awmtkyfrif ;uawmh w,f 0goemygwmudk;? bmawGUaevkdYvJAs? onfavmuf aoaocsmcsm Munfh&wm} [k ajymvkduf&mrS uRefawmfolwkd Uud k Munfhvkduf&m olwkdUig;a,mufrS m wpfa,mufESif h wpfa,muf xdvkrwwf uyfNyD; uRefawmfhudk apmifhMunfhaeonfudk awGU&av\/
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[k ajymrS tm;vHk; uRefawmfhteD;okdU vmNyD; uRefawmfh aoewfajymif;ESifh jyaom ajc&mrsm;ud k Munfhav\/ uRef awmfwkd UESifh twlygvmaom rkqk d;armifrJu 'DawmhrS ...
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[k ajymrS olwkdUvnf; &Jwif;pGm aemufu vkdufcJhMuav\/
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[k qkdí tm;vHk;nmoHay;Muí uRefawmfu a&SUu wkd;oGm;&jyef\/
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 439
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uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh aumif;NyD? uRefawmf apmifhr,f? tavmif;udk ae&mrzsufMuygESifh? a&S;vlBuD;rsm; ajymwJhh pum;twdkif; onfvkd[mudk &G mxJ vJ roGif;&bl;wJh}
olBuD;/ /][kwfw,f tifpydwfawmfrif;? &GmxJawmh roGif ;&bl;? &G mjyifzufrSm xm;&w,f? NyD;awmh onfusm;aorS at;Mur,f? awmtkyfrif; apmif hr,fqk d&ifawmh pdwfcs&ygw,f? aus;Zl;vJ wifygw,fAsm? &Gmom;rsm;vJ 'Dusm;rao&if uRJvkdufEGm;vkdufawmif awmxJroGm;0HhMubl;? uRefawmfwkdU vifhpifxkd;ay;yghr,f}
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uRefawmf/ /]'D avmufvJ raMumufESif hav? vifhom xkd;ay;yg? rif; apmifhzkdY rvkdygbl;? usKyf wpfa,mufwnf ; apmifhygr,f? udk if; xrif;pm;NyD; vmxkd;Muyg? nae uRefawmf vmapmifhyghr,f? udkif; oGm;MupkdY}
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uRefawmfvnf; olBuD;tdrfrS qif;vmNyD; ysOfav;yife,ff awmacgif;tdrfokdY jyefcJh av\/ eHeufpm pm;NyD; awmacgif;armifausmfu wpfa&;wpfarmtdyf&ef ajymojzihf uRefawmfhtwGuf jyifxm;aom ckwifay:rSm acwåvSJí usm;udkd rnfuJhokdY ypf&rnfudk pOf;pm;vsuf tdyfaysmfoGm;av\/
tdyf&mrSEkd;í em&DudkMunfhvkdufaomtcg em&Djyef wpfcsufxkd;NyDjzpfí jyef rtdyfbJ awmacgif;armifausmftm; tem;okdY ac:NyD;
]armifausmfa&? n q&mESifh rif;twlvkdufNyD; vifhapmifh0Hhyghrvm;}
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a&TOa'gi f ;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 440
[k jyefajymav\/ uRefawmfuvnf;
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[k ar;&m][kwfuJh oGm;MuNyD q&m? tawmfuav; MumoGm;NyD? jyefvmcgawmif eD;aeNyD}
[k armifausmfu jyefajymav\/
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ausmf/ /]ajymraumif;ygbl; q&m? uRefawmfhtdrfuawmh &Gmtjyifbufusaeawmh olwkdU toGm;tvmawG aeYwkdif; jrifae&wmayghq&m? rat;&Sifa,musfm; tckaowJhudkbwifuawmif &dyfrdw,f xifw,f? w,f ouFmp&m raumif;bl; q&m ? olwkdU vifr,m;a&m udktH hBuD;wkdU vifr,m;a&m cPcP&efjzpfMuw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]at;uG,f? igvJ w,frouFmbl;? tMuFeftMuwfaeUu olwdk UaeyHk xkdifyHkawGMunfh&wm r[efbl;? EkdYaywJh ck ukdbwifaowmESifhawmh bmrSrqkdifbl; xifyg&JUuGm}
ausmf/ /]rqkdifygbl;q&m? udkbwifu usm;ukduf vkdU aowmyJ? udktHhBuD;u aoewfESifhypfvkd U aoNyD; rawmfwqrSefw,f ajymwmrS r[kwfbJ q&m? bmrSrqkdif ygbl;}
q&mwynfhESpfa,muf pum;ajymaeckduf vifhpifxkd;oGm;aom &Gmom;rsm; jyefvmNyD; vifhpifxkd;NyD;aMumif; uRefawmfhtm; vmajymMuNyD;vQif vufzuf&nfMurf;0kdif;zGJUum pum;ajymaeMu&mrS av;em&Dxkd;NyDjzpfí apmapmoGm;í vifhapmifhvd kojzifh &Gmom;rsm;tm;
]uRefawmfhudk vifhqDud k apmapmykdYMu? rkd;csKyf&if cifAsm;wkdU rjyef0HhbJ aevdrfhr,f} [k ajymvkdufvQif ajymvkdufjcif ;
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uRefawmfvnf; aoewf? vufESdyf"mwfrD ;? ,rf ;awmifh? a&bl; wkdUudk tm;vHk; tavmuf ,l NyD;vQif &Gmom;rsm; ESifhtwl xGufcJ h&m ig;em&Drxk d;rD vif hay:okd Y a&mufav\/ vifhay:okdY a&mufvQif a&mufjcif;yif &Gmom;rsm;tm; jyefvTwfvdkufojzifh olwk dUvnf ; aw;csif;rsm; atmfqkdum jyefoGm;Muav\/
uRefawmfrSm vlom;pm;usm;udk ypf&awmhrnf? &vQif qkaiGawmif &aumif;&vdrf hrnf [k pdwful;&if;wGif aevHk;aysmufí arSmifpjyKav\/ vifhay:uaeMunfh&m udkbwiftavmif;rSm wjznf;jznf; aysmufvkrwwf rSdefoGm;av\/ wpfcgwpfcg "mwfrD;ESifh xkd;MunfhrS xif&Sm;pGm jrif&av\/
tavmif;rSm eHeufu uRefawmfwkd U jrifxm;cJhonfhtwdkif; r[kwfbJ azma&mifívmojzifh ykdí ajcvufrsm; um;vmNyD;vQif aMumufp&maumif;vmonfhjyif tykyfeHYwkdYrSmvnf; rcHEkd ifatmif xGufvmav\/ 8 em&Dtcsdef avmufupNyD;vQif uRef awmfvnf; txl; em;pGifhaxmifae&\/ wpfcgwpf&H ,ifaumifrsm; xysHoHMum;&í "mwfrD;xkd;Munfh&m usm;vmír[kwf? tjcm;taumifuav;rsm;ud k vefUí ysHMuonfudk awGU&\/ tawmfnOfUeuf
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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,ckuJhokdY pOf;pm;&if; apmifhae&m pdwfxJwGif a&S;u rkqkd;BuD;rsm; ajymzl;aom pum;rsm;udk owd&rd \/ usm;ud kufaoaom vlaoaumifay:rS aeí vifhapmifh&jcif;rsm;rSm txl ;aMumufrufzG,faumif;aMumif;? wpfcg vlaoaumifudk opfyifrS m rwfwwfcsnfíapmifh&m usm;BuD;0ifvmonfudk rkqkd;wpfa,muf jrifzl;\/ usm;BuD; opfyifem;ok dY a&mufatmif apmifhaeckduf usm;onf vlaoem; a&mufvQifa&muf vmjcif; vl aou usm;OD;acgif;udk ykwfNyD; tyifay:u apmifhaeaom rkqkd;udk vuf ñdI ;xkd;jy&m usm;BuD;u armhMunfhojzifh xkdrkqkd;rSm usm;udk aoewfESifh rypf0HhbJ i,foHygatmif atmf&av\/ &G mom;rsm;onf atmfoHMum;ívmMunfhMu&m rkqkd;rSm vifhay:wGif qwfqwfwkefí pum;rajymEkdif? atmufudkvnf; qif ;zk dU&m ac:r&ojzifh &Gmom;wpfa,mufu opfyifay:wufNyD; ausmykd;í cscJh&\/ tdrfokdYa&mufaomtcg oHk;&ufomzsm;í aooGm;&aom taMumif;rsm;udk owd&rdaomtcg uRefawmfrSm MuufoD;rsm; xvmrdao;\/ okdYaomf udk,hfpdwfud k udk,fwif;í igraMumufbl; [k qkdum qufvufíom xkdifapmifhae&awmh\/
vrif;onfvnf; xGufay:vmí tawmfjrifhaomtcg atmufü&Sdaom tavmif;udk wpfzefaumif;pGm jrif&jyef\/ wpfcgwpfcg Munfh&if; Munfh&if; BuD;vmovkdvkd vIyfvmovkdvkd xif&\/ wpfcgüvnf; OD;acgif ;yif <uívmonf xifvkduf&\/ uRefawmfvnf; aMumufvsufyif ,ckvkd oef;acgiftcsdefü atmufudkqif;í &Gmudkvnf; rjyef0H h/ &Gmom;rsm;udk [pfac:&efvnf; nOfUeufvSNyDjzpfí rnfolrQMum;rnfr[kwf/ Mum;aomfvnf; vm0HhMurnfr[k wf/ uRefawmfuvnf; aoewfESpfcsufoHxuf renf;Mum;rS vmcJhMu[k rSmxm;cJhojzifh ukd,fh'ku©udk,f&Smonfh tjypf'PfcH&if; eHeufrkd;onfhwkdifatmif aMumufaMumufESifh ikwfwkwfxkdifí apmihfae&\/
eHeufaea&mifjcnf ay:vmonfESifh wpfNyd Kifeuf vifhay:u qif;NyD;vQif awmacgif;armifausmfwkd UtdrfokdY oGm;NyD;]wpfnvHk; rtdyfcJ h&bl;uGm? b,folrS vmrEId;apESifh? cPtdyfOD;r,f} qkdNyD; ckwifay:wGif tdyfvkduf&m csufjcif ;yif
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&Sm;/ /]tkdifaq; udkodef;az? b,f rSmwkef;As? usm;aum}
uRefawmf/ /]tdrfay:ukdom wufygOD;Asm? usm;r&ygbl;}
&Sm;/ /]jrif;armao;vkdYyg ? wufygr,f}
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&Sm;/ /]aeprf;ygOD;Asm? b,fhES,faMumifh rvm&rSmvJ ? bmae&m rusvkdYvJ? tptqHk;ajymprf ;ygOD;}
uRefawmf/ /]ajymygr,fAsm? vufzuf&nfom aomufygOD;? aomuf&if; em;axmifwmaygh} qkdNyD; oBuFeftMuwfaeUu aysmfyG Jpm; a&yufupm;onfu pNyD; ajymjy&av\/ aemuftwufaeUwGif ukdyefajymjyonfhtwkdif; ukdtHhBuD;wkdY ukdbwifwkdY usm;apmifhyHkESifh ukdbwif ao&yHkudkvnf;aumif;? aemufwpfaeU eHeuf ykvdyftif pyufawmfESifh oGm;í tavmif;yH kpH,l&yHk? ¤if;aemuf uRefawmf wpfnvHk;apmifh? eHeufvif;rS jyefvmNyD; ,ck udk pH&Sm;ESifh awGUyHkwkdUudk aocsmpGm ajymjyav\/
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&Sm;/ /]aeygOD;Asm? cifAsm; ajymwJhtxJrSm aool udkbwifr,m;ESifh vifhtwlapmifhwJhvlESifh rouFmbl;wJh}uRefawmf/ /]uRef awmfcsnf;awmif r[kwfygbl ;Asm? a[m'D armif ausmfuawmif 'dX ajymaeygw,f? bmaMumif hvJAs udktHh BuD; owfw,fvk dY xifvkdYvm;? r[kwfygbl;Asm? olUcjrm opfyifay:u vd rfhusNyD; usm;udkufvkdY ao&wmyg}
&Sm;/ /]cifAsm; ckeifu ajymwkef ;u ud kbwifusm;udkufwJ hae&m qGJoGm;wJh vrf;aMumif;awGrSm aoG;rawGUbl;vkdU qkdw,f[kwfvm;}
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uRefawmf/ /]'gawmh uRefawmf owd&w,f? tJ'DuRJaoaumifawmh jr§KyfNyD;yD? wpfjcm; taoaumifrsm; oludkufxm;wm &Sdao;&ifjzihf rajymwwfbl;? 'gayr,fh vlom;pm;zl;wJh taumif[m vlom;xuf bmudkrS rrufbl;? awmajymif;oGm;vkdU rvmwmxifygw,f}
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[k ckdif;í Munfh&m txufuenf;wlyif 'Pf&mrsm; rawGU&Muacs/
ukd pH&Sm;u 0rf;ud kcGJNyD; usm;tlawGudk uRefawmfwk dU ,lcJhonf h oHyHk;xJrSm xnfhprf;yg[k qkdí 0rf ;AdkufudkcGJNyD; tlrsm;tm;vHk;udk oHyH k;xJokdU xnfhNyD; uRefawmfu wjcm;bmrsm; vkdcsifao;ovJ[k ar;&m
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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;
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