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7/18/2019 - -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/-55cf93a0550346f57b9df812 1/447

 

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ommercial use of this book will be at your own risk 

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p p  H  H  k ka a x x m m u u  f  f a a r r m m i i  f  f p p  H  H & &   S  Sm m ; ;  a a y y  g  g i i  f  f ; ; c c  s  s  K  K y y  f  f  ( ( '' k kww  d  d,,tt k kyy  f  f) )  

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ommercial use of this book will be at your own risk 

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 1/   wpfuRef;jyefwpfa,muftrIü armifpH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk ................................................................................... 6 

 2/   armifpH&Sm;onf tb,faMumifh vlysdKBuD;vkyfí aeygoenf;....................................................................... 43 

 3/   ESpfxyfausmh ............................................................................................................................................87 

 4/   tqdyfaomufaoonfqdkaomtrI ............................................................................................................ 98 

 5/   xl;qef;aom vlowfrIBuD; .....................................................................................................................109 

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7/   udk,fhudk,fudk owfjcif;avm olwpfyg;owfjcif;avm ..............................................................................130 

 8/   ajrydkif&Sif vifr,m;trI ......................................................................................................................... 142 

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 13/   ,pfrsdK;pHkaxmuf wpfa,muf aoqHk;rI................................................................................................ 205 

 14/   pdefvk,ufrIü pHkaxmufyHk ................................................................................................................... 215 

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 18/   wl0&D;ESpfa,muf\ xl;qef;aom trIü pHkaxmufjcif;......................................................................... 260 

 19/   tdEd´,jynf? rkdufpkd;e,f? r[m&mZmapmfbGm;\eef;wGif;ywåjrm;aysmufqHk;rIü armifpH&Sm;pHk axmufyHk......... 269 

 20/   rkd;ukwftarGtrIü armifpH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk ............................................................................................ 279 

 21/   touftmrcH ukrÜPD trI ................................................................................................................. 289 

 22/   armifpH&Sm;ESifh xl;qef;aom tdk;jcrf;yJY txdrf ;trSwftrI ...................................................................... 299 

 23/   tpk  d;& pmcsKyfrsm; aysmufqHk;rI ü OD;pH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk .............................................................................309 

 24/   a&eHacsmif;wGif;pm;½kd;wpfa,muf\ trII ..............................................................................................322 

 25/   eef;pOfywåjrm;trIü armifpH&Sm;pHkaxmufyHk........................................................................................... 332 

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 27/   ukvm;"m;jytoif;BuD;ES ifh pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;....................................................................................370 

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   5 

 29/   ya&mfzufqm q&mBuD; OD;xGef;azESifh &ifqkdif&jcif;..............................................................................395 

 30/   ya&mfzufqm q&mBuD; OD ;xGef;azESifh armifpH&Sm; .................................................................................408 

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 32/   pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;tm; vkyfBuHMuyHk ................................................................................................... 426 

 33/   usm;avm vlavm..............................................................................................................................433 

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   6

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

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ñGefU/ / (uRefawmf  hbuf odkU vSnfhvsuf) ]vdkufcJhygOD; tudkBuD ;&Sif? uRefr aus;Zl;rarhygbl ;&Sif}

uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfvdkuf vdkU rdef;uav;rSm aus;Zl;&Sdr,fqdk&if onfvrf;ruygbl;? b,fvrf;rqdk uRefawmf vdkufygw,fAsm}

ñGefU/ /]aus;Zl;BuD;vSygw,f tudk BuD;wk  dU&Sif? uRefru ukyfukyfuav; aewwfavawmh todrdwfaqGqdkvdkUvJ w,fBuD; r&SdvSbl;&S ifh? tdrfrS mvJ  rd ef;rom;awGcsnf;yJ? onfawmh tudk BuD;wdkU ESpfa,muf vdkuf&ifjzifh tifrwef aus;Zl;BuD;ygyJ&Sif? uRefr 'gjzifh 7 em&DcGJ a&mufatmifvm&if awmf NyD rSwfw,f}

&Sm;/ /]7 em&DcGJwdwd a&mufatmifvmayawmh? aemufrusapESifhaemf? 'gxuf usKyfwpfck  ar;yg&apOD;? onfpma&;wJh vufa&;ESifh ykvJrsm;udk ydkUpOftcg vd yfwyfNyD;ay;wJh vufa&;twlwlyJvm;}

ñGefU/ /]atmf [kwfayom;? uRefrrS m ygcJhw,f &Sif? txkyfrSm vdyf wyfNyD;ay;wJh vufa&;awG ygcJ  hygw,f&Sif} [k

 ajymvsuf rdef;uav;vnf; pm&Gufi,frsm;udk xkwfí armifpH&Sm;tm; jyav\/&Sm;/ / (pm&Gufrsm;udk vSrf ;,lvsuf) ]w,fawmfwJh oli,fryJ? w,fNyD; aphpyfygayw,fAsm? onfvdkvlrsdK; trIvdkuf&rS usLyfu BudKufwmuvm;? udkif; udkif; Munf  hMu&atmif} [k ajymvsuf vufa&;rsm;udk EdIif;,SOfMunf½INyD;aemuf

]txkyfrSm vdyfwyfwJh vufa&;awGuawmh zsufNyD;a&;wJh vufa&;awGyJ? pm&Gufu vufa&;uawmhjzifh trSeftwdkif;a&;wJh vufa&;yJ? odkUaomf vlwpf a,muf xJ  a&;aMumif ; xif&Sm;w,f? Munfhprf;AsdKU udkodef;armif? cifAsm;vl b,fvdkyJ zsufNyD;a&;ayr,fh towfawG owfyHk wpfacsmif;iifqGJyHkuawmh rwlbl;vm;Asm? udkif; udkif; wpfckxJ ar;yg&apOD;awmh rESif ;ñGefU? rESif;ñG efUtaz vufa&;ESifh onfvufa&;awGESifh wlw,frsm; xifovm;Asm}

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 ¤if;aemuf rdef;uav;onf vrf;auGUrS csdK;í oGm;ojzifh rjrif&onfhtcgrS uRefawmfonf jywif;aygufrSjyefvmí

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 cefUrSef;wJhenf; cifAsm; wwf&JUvm;? udkif; onfvlUvufa&;MunfhNyD; cifAsm; odoavmuf usKyfudk ajymjyprf;Asm}uRefawmf/ / (vufa&;rsm;udk aocsmpGm Munfh½INyD;aemuf) ]vufa&;ujzifh NyDow,f? nDñGwfw,f? aoaooyfoyf aewwfxdkifwwfwJhvlESifh wlw,f}

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   11 

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   13 

ñGefU/ /]rSefygw,f&Sif? onfu OD;pH&Sm;wJh? onf[mu OD;odef;armifwJ  h}

uJ/ /]uRefawmfay;vdkufwJh pmudk &&JUaemf}

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 rdef;uav; &oifh&cGifh &Sdoavmufudkawmh usKyftpfudk udkbdk;&GJu b,fvdkyif uefUuGufaomfvnf; usKyf u r& &atmif vkyfay;ygr,fAsm? pdwfomcsyg? rdwfaqGrsm; ygvmMuwmvJ cyfaumif;aumif;ygyJAsm? uRefawmfajymorQudk oufaotjzpfESifh em;axmifrSwfom;awmfrlMuyg? odkUaomfvnf; cifAsm;wd kU ykvdyfjzif  h r[kwf Mubl;aemf? ykvdyfyg&if jzifh bdk;&GJu ajymvdkU r&aybl;As? olu vlodrSm tifrwef pdk;w,f}

&Sm;/ /]pdwfcsyg rdwfaqG? usKyfwdkUtwGufawmhudk? tifrwefpum;vHkwJh vlawGygAsm}

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 BudKufwJhvl r[kwfbl; cifAs? ykvd yfawG ac:vmcJhrSjzifh tvum; qlqlnHnH jzpfukefMurSm uRefawmfu pdk;&drfvd kUygcifAsm}

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uJ/ /]pdwfcsyg ajymyghr,f? odkUaomf  enf;enf;awmh  tcsdefMumvdrfhr,fAs? onf;cH awmh? rESif;ñGefUrS mvnf; tazmf awG ygom;uyJ? onfu udpö NyD;vQif  tudkBuD; bdk;&GJqD oGm;Mu&OD;r,fAs? uRefawmfhtudku tifrwef avmbBuD;wJh vlwpfa,muf yJ? reJppfwd kufMu&OD ;r,f? pdwfxGufNyDqdkrS jzifh usKyftpfudku tifrwef aMumufp&maumif;wJh vlcifAs? b,fvdkrsm; tajymtqdkMuyfwJh vlwpfa,mufrSef; rodbl ;}

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uJ/ /]ajymygr,f cifAsm? uRefawmfwdkU tazu vGefcJhwJh  ppfBuD;twGif;rSm ppfrIxrf ;&GufcJhygw,f cifAsm? ppfjzpfonfhtcgu tazrSm toufyif  BuD;aomfvnf; a&S;jrefrmrif;vufxufuwnf;u ppfrsdK;ppfEG,fjzpfavawmh tpdk;&rif;rsm;u toufyifBuD;aomfvnf; trIxrf;cGifhjyKcJhygw,f cifAsm? 'gESifh uRefawmfwdkU taz vdkufNyD;oGm;/ ppfajrjyifrSm rusef;rrm&SdwmESifh ppfBuD ;rNyD;cif ajcmufvavmufrS myJ jyefvmcJh&ygw,f cifAsm? ppfxJrSm trIxrf;&GufpOftcgu vcrsm; b,favmuf &w,f rajymwwfygbl;? jyefvmawmhjzifh aiG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;BuD; ygvmwJh vu©Pm &Sdw,fcifAs/ jyefvdkU cPavmufMum&ifyJ NrdKUywfvrf;rSm tdrfBuD ; wpfaqmif0,f? onfu NcHudkvnf; 0,f? 0,fNyD; tifrwef crf;crf;em;em; aexdkifcJhygw,fcifAsm? uRefawmfwdkUvnf; ppfrIxrf;&Gufw,fqdkwm wpf0rf;wpfcg;vSvS pm;EdkifaomufEkdif½Hkavmuf xif ygw,f? tazrSmawmh aMu;aiGawG

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a&TOa'gi f ;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   14

 ygvSacsuvm;vdkU tHhMordyg&JU? tHhMoaomfvnf; b,fenf;ESifh &&av? aumif;aumif;rGefrGef ae&xdkif&vdkU vSvSyy oHk ;pGJ&&if NyD;a&mvdkU bmrS ar;jcif; jref;jcif; rvk yfcJhbl; cifAs? uRefawmfwdkUrSm nDtpfudk ESpfa,muf&Sdygw,f cifAsm? bkd ;&GJwJh bdk;uJ wJh? t>rm arG;cifAs? 'gESifh uRefawmfwdkUtazh rdwfaqGOD;om[efwpfa,muf aysmufqHk;oGm;w,fvdkU owif;pmawGxJrSm awGUawmh  b,fenf;ESifh aysmufjcif;rvSaysmuf&avovJvdkU tazha&SUrSm uRefawmfwdkU nDtpfudkESpfa,muf wdkifyifESD;aESmMuawmh tazuvnf; bmrS 0ifNyD; rajymbl; cifAs? ajymawmh ajymyg&JUav?

 olvJyJ rodwJh  [efESifh wpfcGef; ESpf cGGef; 0ifNyD; ajymyg&JU? odkUaomfvnf; OD;om[ef aysmufqHk;wJh taMumif;[m bmaMumifh aysmufqHk;rS ef; uRefawmfwdkU taz od&SdaMumif;udk uRefawmfwdkUjzifh enf;enf;rS r&dyfrdbl;cifAs? odkUaomfvnf; uRefawmf wdkU wpfckawmh &dyf rdw,f cifAs? bmvJqdkawmh uRefawmfwdkU taz[m ppfxJu jyefvmNyD;wJhaemuf  wpfpHkwpfckaom ab;Oyg'ftEå&m,fudk tpOfrjywf aMumuf&GHUaewJh vu©Pm &Sdw,f? bm&,fvdkUawmh  rqdkEkdifbl ;? wpfpHkwpfckudkawmh ol  trSefaMumufaewJh vu©PmyJ? bmaMumifh uRefawmfwdk U odovJqdkawmh uRefawmfwdkUtaz[m t&ifwkef ;u tifrwef owådaumif;aomfvnf; ppfxJu jyefvmNyD ;wJhaemuf wpfa,mufxJawmifrS vrf;ravQmuf0Hhbl; cif As? NyD;awmhvJ qdk;ayhqdkwJh acG;BuD;rsm;ud kvnf; 0,fNyD;arG;xm;w,f? aoewfvdkifpifudkvJ r&&atmif avQmufawmif;NyD; cg;ydkufxJu b,ftcgrS rcsbl;? onf[mawG jrifawmh uRefawmfwdkU nDtpfudk ESpfa,muf tusd K;taMumif;udk ar;? ar;ayrJh  rajymbl; cif As? NyD;awmhvJyJ uRefawmfwdkU tazu opfom;ajcaxmufESifh vlrsm; jrif&if tifrwef vefUwwfw,f cifAs/ [dkwavmu vlwpfa,muf rD;&xm;eif;rd&SmvdkU ajcaxmufrSm opfom;BuD;wyfNyD; awmif;pm;ae&&Smwm? taz jrifwmESifh bmrsm; atmufarhw,f rajymwwfygbl;cifAsm? ajcmufvHk;jyL;ESifh oGm;ypfvdkufwm uHaumif;vdkU rrSefayvdkU? 'gawmif uRefawmfwdkUrSm ykvdyfawG bmawG aiGawG xdk;vdkuf&wm awmfawmf ydkufqHukefoGm;ao;w,f? [dkwkef;uawmh onfopfom;ajcaxmufudk bmaMumifh taz onfavmuf rkef;ygvdrfhrwkef;vdk U atmif;arhrdw,f? aemufusawmhrS onft"dyÜg,f &dyfrdwmud k;cifAs? 'gESifh ajym&OD;r,f? onfu rESif;ñGef U&JU taz OD;om[ef aysmufqHk;aMumif; uRefawmfwdkU od&NyD;wJhaemuf oHk;vavmuf tMumrSm wpfaeUoü xrif;pm;NyD; aeMuwkef; tazhemrnfESifh pmwpfapmif &w,f cifAs? pm&vdkU zGif  hNyD;vnf; zwfua&m tazvnf; rsufESmrsm; rnf;NyD; wkefwkef,if,ifESifh tajcysuf oGm;vd kufwm uRefawmfwdkUu bmtaMumif;vJvdkU ar;vdkUvnf; r&bl; cifAs? onfuaeUupNyD; uRefawmfwdk Utaz rusef ;rrmjzpfvdkufwm toufodk Uom wdk ifyga&m cifAsm? onfpmvJ uRefawmfwdkU rjrif&ygbl;?

 onfvdkESifh wjznf;jznf; wydefydef wañ§mfñ§mfESifhjzpfNyD; ESpfvavmuf tMumrSm tdyf&mxJ vkH;vHk;vJyga&m cifAsm? 'gESifh wpfaeUoüawmh  uRefawmfwdkUtazrS tarmBuD;qdkufNyD; aor,fvdkUqJqJ jzpfaeavawmh uRefawmfwdkU nD tpfudk ESpfa,mufvnf; tem;u rcGmbJ jyKpkaecJhMu? n &Spfem&DausmftcsdefavmufrSm wHcg;awG tydwf cdkif;NyD; uRefawmfwdkU ESpfa,mufudk tem;ac:NyD; ajymyga&m cifAsm? uRefawmf wdkU nDtpfudkESpfa,mufvnf ; ckwif wpfbuf wpfcsufu 'l;axmufNyD; em;axmifaeMuw,f cifAs}

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 wpfjym;wpfcsyfrS cG  Ja0NyD; rap;bJ aecJhrdw,fwJh? avmb? avmb w,fcufyguvm;wJh? ukd,fvnf; ukefatmif roHk;Edk if/ olrsm;vnf; cG  Ja0NyD; ray;&uf? w,fcufyguvm;wJh ajymNyD; acgif;tHk;atmuf u uEkurmaowåmuav;wpfvHk; xkwf,ljyNyd ; onftxJrSm ykvJaumif; ykvJjrwf  30 rQudk rESif;ñGefUxJ ay;ydkUzdkU tazBuHcJhaomfvnf; ay;cgeD;us&if vufwkefwkefNyD; ray;&uf Ekdifbl;wJh? onfawmh igr&SdwJh aemufudk rif;wd kUu ay;ydkU&pfMuyguG,fwJh? NyD;awmhrSwpf cg tazu rESif;ñGefUESifh igwdkUESifh qufoG,fyHk taMumif;ajymjyOD;r,fwJh? rES if;ñGefUtaz OD;om[efu ESvHk;a&m*gpG  Jaew,fwJh? pGJuyfayrJh onftaMumif; b,folrS rodbl;? igwpfa,mufom odw,f? olvnf; cyf ayghayghESifh aecJhwmayghav? 'gESif  h ppfajrjyif rSm twlwuG

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   15 

 xrf;&GufaeMuwkef; igwdkU ESpfa,mufypönf; b@mrsm;pGmwdkUudk twlwuG &&SdMuw,f? b,fyHk b,fenf;ESifh &w,fqdkwmudkawmh tazajymjyzdkU tcsdef r&S  dbl;? 'gESifh tazu t&ifjyefESifhvdkU ypönf;awG ,lNyD; vmESifhcJh? aemuf ola&mufvmawmh ol UtwGuf tpk olvmNyD ; awmif;wmayghav? awmif;vmawmh igwdkUESpfa,muf ta0rnDMubl;aygh? ta0rnDavawmh wpfa,mufwpfa,muf rdk;vm;uJvm;ESifh pum;rsm;NyD; aeMuwkef; jzKef;ceJqdk oli,fcsif; armifom[efu a'gowBuD;ESifh xdkif&mu xvdk ufyga&muG,f? xvdkufonfESif  h wpfjyKdifeuf olU&ifbwf

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 ¤if;aemuf  armif bkd;uJvnf; qufvufí ]udkif; onfawmh onftrIrSm uRefawmfwd kU tjypf r[kwfaMumif; xif&Sm;NyD r[k wfvm;cifAsm? 'gESifh tazu ajymwm qufNyD; uRefawmf ajymyg&apOD;?

]igwdkUvJ tavmif;udk  wl ;NyD; jr§Kyf? jr§KyfNyD;awmh avb xGufvmjyefwmudk;uGJU? onftavmif;udk zHk;zdEkdif vQif ypö nf;udkvnf; igrzH k;zdEdkifbl;vm;wJh? onfawmh onf ypö nf;awG qdkif&m tarGcH tarGpm;rsm;udk cGJa0NyD; ray;bJ igcsnf; wpfa,mufwnf; ,l&vQif b,folu odEdkifOD ;rSmvJwJ  h? aAGazmufvmjyefwmudk;uGJU? udkif; udk if; ajymae pum;&Snfaea&mhr,f? ig touf&S ifpOftcg avmbEdkifiHvd kufNyD; ay;oifhonfh ypö nf;rsm;udk olUorD;uav;tm; ray;bJ &SdcJhaomfvnf; igaoNyD ;wJhaemuf rif;wdkUu repfem&atmif jyKpkapmifha&Smuf&pfMuyguG,f? ighom;rsm; ypö nf;rsm;teufu wpf0ufud k ol UorD;xH ay;ydkUvdkufMuygbduG,f? uJ uJ ypö nf;xm;wJhae&m taz ajymjyOD;r,f em;axmif? rif ;wdkUem; tazyg;pyfem; uyfMuprf ;uG,f? ypö nf;xm;wJh ae&muav;vdkU ajymum &Sdao;w,f? jzKef;ueJqdk rsufvHk;BuD;awG jyL;NyD;vmwmudk; cifAs? vmNyD ; vSJae&mu vufaxmufNyD; xrvdkUvkyf&m jywif;aygufqDudk vufñdI;xdk;NyD; [dktaumif r0ifygapESifh? vkyfMuyguG,f½dkU? [dktaumif r0ifygapESifhvdkU aMumuftm;vefUtm;ES ifh [pfNyD; atmfwmudkcifAs? onf awmh  uRefawmfwdkUvnf; jywif;ayguf&Sd &m jzKef;ceJ

 Munfhvdkufawmh vm; vm; cifAsm? jywif;ayguf tjyifbufu vlwpfa,muf rSefjywif;ESifh  rsufESmESifh uyfNyD; uRefawmfwdkU&Sd&m Munfhaewm awGU&wmudk; cifAs? onfvlUrsufESmu EIwfcrf;arG; aumif;aumif;cifAs/ aumif;qdkcifAsm? *smrefbk&ifudkifZm EIwfcrf;arG;rsdK;ygyJcifAs? rsuf vHk;uvnf; jyL;wJhtay:rSm tifrwef rkef;xm;wJh pdwfESifh uRefawmfwd kUudk pdkufNyd ; Munfhaewmudk; cifAs? onfvljrifawmh  uRefawmfwkd U nDtpfudk ESpfa,mufvnf; jzKef;ceJqdk xNyD; ol&Sd&m jywif;aygufud k ajy;oGm;Mu? tem;vnf; a&muf ua&m olvnf; r&Sdbl; cifAs? 'gES ifh uRefawmfwdkUvnf; tazckwifem; jyefvmMu? a&mufvn;f a&mufua&m tazvnf; touf r&Sdygbl; cifAsm? 'gESifh onfnu tazh tavmif;jyifNyD; tdyfMuawmh  reufusawmh uRefawmfwdkU tazhaowåmawG pm;yGJ tHqGJawG?

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uRefawmf/ /]b,folwdkUvJAs}

&Sm;/ /]armifbdk;uJ ajymwkef;u cifAsm; em;raxmifbl;vm;}

uRefawmf/ /]aMomf [kwfNyDAsd KU? 'gxuf bmjyKvdkU aoovJAsm}

&Sm;/ /]vlowfvdk U aowmayghAs/ aMomf Munfhprf ;Asd KU ud kodef ;armif? usKyf xifwJh twdkif;yJ? onfrSm onfrSm? em;aemuf rSm Munfhprf;yg} [k ajymí jyojzifh uRefawmfvnf; jy&modkU Munfhvdkuf&m usm;&Smql;ESifh oP² mefwl aom ql;i,fwpfacsmif;onf pdkufvsuf &Sdonfudk awG Ujrif&av\/

uRefawmf/ /]ql;uav; r[kwfvm;Asm}

&Sm;/ /][kwfygw,f As? onfql;aMumifh aowmyJ? udk if; EIwfvdkufprf;? udkodef;armif owdxm;aemf? vufrpl;apESifh

 tqdyfvl;xm;w,f} uRefawmfvnf; ¤if;ql;i,fudk owdESifh EIwfvdkuf&m ql;rS m rsm;pG m tm;rpdkuf&bJvsuf ygvmNyD;vQif tom;wGif aoG;pdkU½kHrQ t&mxifvsuf &Sd&pfav\/

 xdktcg uRefawmfvnf; tHhMovSonfESifh

]b,fES,fhvJ udkpH&Sm;&,f? xl;qef;vSacsuvm;As? onftrIu Mumav½Iyfavukd;As? b,fhES,fvJ}

&Sm;/ /]b,fu Mumav ½Iyfav&rSmvJAs? Mumav &Sif ;avayghAs} [k ajymvsuf &SdpOf armifbdk;uJu ½kwfw&uf

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   19 

]NyD;ygNyDAsm? ypö nf;awG ygoGm;ukefNyD q&mwdkUa&? ypö nf;awG ygoGm;NyD cifAs? rsufESmMuuf taygufjrif&JUvm;? onftayguf u olwdkUcsNyD; ,loGm;wmyJ? [kwfygNyD [kwfygNyD? raeUnu uRefawmf ESifh olESifh Munfh Muao;w,f}

&Sm;/ /]b,ftcsdefavmufvJ}

uJ/ /]q,fem&Davmuf &SdygNyD cifAsm? NyD;ygNyD cifAsm? uRefawmfawmh rTwfygNyD cifAsm/ uRefawmfvnf ; jyefaoGm;a&m

 olvnf; tayguf ydwfNyD; twGif ;rS m ae&pfw,fcifAs? uRefawmfrsm; ykvdyfawGu txifvGJukefawmhr,fxifyg&JU cifAsm? wqdwfuav; cifAsm/ cifAsm;wdkU b,fhES,f xifMuovJ? wu,f vdkU uRefawmf owf&ifjzifh cifAsm;wd kUud k uRef awmfac:NyD; vmygh rvm; pOf;pm;Munfh MuygOD ; cifAsm} [k wkefwkef,if,if &Sdaom toHjzifh ajymavvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; armifbdk;uJ\ ykcHk;udk ukdifvsuf

]rpdk;&drfygESif  h armifbdk;uJ? usKyfwdkU wwfEdkiforQ ulnDygh r,f? udkif; ukdif; 'gxuf usKyfwdkU 0wå&m;&SdwJh twdkif; jyK&vdrfhr,f armifbdk;uJ? wqdwfavmuf armfawmfum;ESifh csufjcif;oGm;NyD; teD;qHk; XmerSm wdkifcsufay;ayawmh? usKyfwdkU 'Duapmifhaer,f} [k ajymí apvT wfvdkufavvQif armifbdk;uJvnf; ysm,D;ysm&mESif  h tdrfay:u qif;oGm;av\/

 armifbdk;uJ qif;oGm;avvQif uRefawmfwdkUonf q&mr rESif ;ñGefUtm; ukvm;xkdifwpfckwGif xd kifapNyD;aemuf

 armifpH&Sm;vnf; tcef;wGif;ü pBuø avsmufvsuf ajymonfrSm]udkif; udkkodef;armif? ykvdyfawG ra&mufcif usKyfwdk U em&D0ufavmufawmh tcsdef &Sdao;w,f? onftcsdefuav;udk tcsnf;tESD; rjzKef;wD;MuESif  hOD;? 'gxuf trIu tckMunfh&yHkawmh cyf&Sif;&Sif;yJAs? odkUaomf}

uRefawmf/ / (tHhMopGmESifh) ]cyf&Sif;&S if;vm;Asm? bmrsm; &Sif;vdkUvJAsm}

&Sm;/ /]&Sif;yHk usKyf ajymOD ;r,f? xkdifyg xkdifyg cifAsm; rxprf ;ygES ifh? ajc&mawG ½Iyfukefygvdrfhr,f? udk if; onfvdk As? yxra&S;OD ;pG m pOf ;pm;zdkUu onfvlpk[m b,fvrf;u b,fvdk 0ifvmNyD; onftcef;wGif;u b,fyHk xGufoGm;Muw,fqdkwm pOf;pm;zdkU &Sdw,f? wHcg;uawmhjzifh raeUnxJu ydwfxm;ao;w,fqdkwm od&NyD r[kwfvm;? onfawmh jywif;aygufud k zG ifhMunfhprf;? tem;rSm a&>yefvnf;r&Sdbl;/ trdk;uaeNyD; qif;vdkUvJ rrDEdkifbl;? odkUaomfvnf; wpfpHk wpfa,muf[m onfjywif;aygufuae wufNyD; onftcef;xJ  0ifaMumif;awmh

 xif&Sm;w,f? raeUnu rdk;uav; zGJzGJusw,f? NyD;awmh jywif;aygufaygifrSm Munfhprf;? vlajc&mwpfck awGUw,f? a[m'DrSmawmh 0dkif ;0kdif; t&mBuD;wpfck? a[m'DrSmvJ  0d kif;0dk if; t&mBuD;wpf ck awGUjyefNyD? ud kif; cifAsm; b,fhES,f xifovJ? onf 0kdif;0kdif; t&mBuD;awG Munfhprf ;}

 uRefawmfonf ¤if;t0kdif;BuD;rsm;udk MunfhNyD;aemuf

]uRefawmfjzifh ajc&m&,fvdkU rxifygbl;Asm}

&Sm;/ /]ajc&mxuf tzdk;wefawmh rayghAsm? onf [mBuD;awG[m opfom; ajcaxmuf&mAs? wpfzufajc&muawmh  ajc&mykyk Asufus,fus,f? wpfzufuawmh opfom;ajcaxmuf&myJ}

uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh onfvl[m wpfzufu opfom;ajcaxmuf wyfNyD; xm;wJh vlayghav}

&Sm;/ /]'gayghAs? odk Uaomfvnf; olUtazmf  &Sdao;w,f? tazmf[mu awmfawmfBuD;udk xl;wJh tazmfyJAs? udkif; udkodef;armif atmufiHkU MunfhvSJUprf;? onfeH&Hudk wG,fNyD; onfjywif;ayguf a&mufatmif cifAsm; wufEd kifyghrvm;} [k ar;ojzifh uRefawmfvnf; ¤if ;eH&Hudk va&mifwG if Munfh&m tjrifhrSm 18 ayrQ &Sdonfhjyif wpfpHkwpfckaom ae&mürQ ajcukwf&ef Munf  hí rjrifEdkifaomaMumifh rwufEdkifaMumif;ESif  h jyefajymavvQif

&Sm;/ /]ulrJhvl r&SdvQif rwufEdkifbl; rSefw,f? odkUaomfvnf; onfuaeNyD; wpfa,mufu a[m[dk tkef ;qHBudK;udk csNyD;ay;r,fqd kvQif cif Asm; wG,fNyD; rwufEdkifaybl;vm;Asm}

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   20

uRefawmf/ /]wufEdkifp&m &Sdygw,fAsm}

&Sm;/ /]tJ [kwfNyD? wpfa,mufu onftaygufu BudK;ESifh wG,fNyD; wuf? wufNyD;vdk U olwdkU udpö NyD;awmh onfuyJ jyefNyD;qif;? usefwJh wpfa,mufu BudK;udk  jyefNyD; wif? wifNyD; jywif;aygufudk twGif;uaeNyD; ydwf? ydwfNyD; ol uawmh a&S;OD;pGm vmwJh vrf;u ol jyefa&mAs? 'gxuf opfom;ajcaxmufESifhvlu onfBudK;ESifh jyefNyD; tqif;rS m vufacsmfoGm;vdkU vufrSm ta&awG yJhNyD; BudK;rS m aoG;enf;enf; pGef;ae&pfwm usKyf awGU&w,f}

uRefawmf/ /]'guawmh [kwfygNyDwJhAsm? odkUaomf a&S;OD;pGm wufwJh wpfa,muf vluawmh b,f vrf;u wufvdkU onftcef;xJ b,fES,fha&mufovJAs}

&Sm;/ /][m 'g [kwfw,f? onfwpfa,muf[mu awmfawmf xl;qef ;wJh yk*¾  dKvfAs? ol xl;qef ;wJhtwGuf tJonf trI[m awmfawmfuav; xl;qef;aywmyJ? onf jynfrSm onfvlrsdK; usKyfwpfcgrS rawG Uzl;bl;? odkUaomf tdE´d,jynfrsm;rSmawmh onfvlrsdK; taMumif; usKyf zwf&zl;w,f}

uRefawmf/ /] zwfzl;wm rzwfbl;wm tyxm;NyD; b,fyHk b,fenf;ESifh onfvl onftcef;a&mufatmif wufw,f qdkwm ajymjyprf;ygOD;Asm? wHcg;vnf; ydwfxm;w,f? jywif;aygufuvnf; wufvdkU ra&mufEdkifbl;? 'gjzifh b,fyHk wufvmovJAsm}

&Sm;/ /]cifAsm;u usKyf cPcP ajymaewJ  h enf;udk toHk;jyKNyD; rMunfhbJudk;As? taMumif;wpfckudk qifjcifwJhtcgrSm tu,fpifppf rjzpfEdkifwJh tcsufawGudk z,fxkwfvdkufvQif usefwJhtcsuf[m b,fvdk yif jzpf yHkray:aomf vnf ; jzpf&r,fvdk U wGuf ,l&r,fAs? udkif; onfawmh onfvl[m jywif;aygufuvnf; rwufEdkifbl;? wHcg;uvnf; ydwfxm;vdk U r0if Edkifbl ;? wHcg;rydwfcif tcef;xJrSm ykef;atmif;NyD;ae&rSmuvJ tcef;u usOf;usOf;? ykef;p&muvJ r&SdvdkU rjzpfEdkifbl;? onfawmh ol b,fhES,f 0ifrvJAs? tcef;xJ a&mufatmif}

uRefawmf/ /]rsuf ESmMuufu taygufu ol 0ifr,f xifw,f}

&Sm;/ /]xifraeESifhAs? tppfyJ? udkif; ud kif; onftaygufu usKyfwuf NyD; Munfhprf;r,f? wqdwfavmuf rD;jyprf;Asm/ udkodef;armif} [k ajymojzif  h uRefawmf vnf; rD ;tdrfudk ajr§mufí jyonfwG if armifpH&Sm;onf pm;yGJ ay:wGif ukvm;xdkifwpfckudk wif NyD;aemuf ukvm;xkdifay: odkU wufí jzwfvwf ayghyg;aom olwpfa,mufjzpfonftwdkif;

 ckefí qGJiifNyD;vQif bm;ay: odkU wufonfh tvm;uJhodkU taygufi,frS aumhvdrfí wufoGm;av\/ ¤if;aemuf

&Sm;/ /]udkif; udkodef ;armif? rD;tdrfay;vdkufAsm? cifAsm; wufEkdif&JU r[kwfvm;? prf;Munfhprf;? wufom wufygAsm? usKyf qGJwifygr,f? aMomf 'gxuf rESif;ñGefU ae&pf0Hh&JUvm;? udkausmf vS vJ &Sdom;yJ}

ñGefU/ / (owåd&Sdaom oli,fr wpf a,mufjzpfonftwdkif;) ]ae&pf0Hh ygw,f&S if} [k ajymojzifh uRefawmfvnf; armifpH&Sm;\ enf;wl taygufi,frS wufí tay: odkU a&mufavvQif tcef;i,fozG,f&Sdaom taqmuftOD;wGif;od kU a&mufav&m tvsm; 10 ay? teH 6 ay tjrifhrSm 5 aycef UrQ &Sdojzifh uRefawmfwdkUrSm iHkUvsufomvQif aeEdkifMuav\/

 armifpH&Sm;vnf ; trdk;udk wD;acgufí MunfhonfESifh wHcg;i,fwpfckudk awGUí zGif  hMunfhvdkuf&m ¤if;rSm trdk;ay: odkU

 a&mufaom taygufjzpfaMumif; awGU&Sd&ojzifh]jrifvm; udkodef;armif? wpfa,muf[mu onfvrf;u vmNyD; onfvrf;u jyefwJh olyJAs? udkif; udkif; olUajc&mvuf&mrsm; bmrsm;usef&pfovJ MunfhMu&atmif Asm} [k ajymí armifpH&Sm;vnf; Murf;wGif rD;tdrfESifh Munfh½I&m Murf;jyifrSmrl ESpfv rsm;pGmu pkyH kí aeaom jrLrIHwdk Ujzifh zHk;tkyfvsuf &Sd&um; tuav;\ ajc&m yrmPrQ &Sdaom ajc&mrsm;udk jrif&ojzifh uRefawmfrSm rsm;pGm tHhMopGmESifh ]b,fES,fhvJAsm udkpH&Sm;? tuav;ajc&mawGyg uvm;As xl;qef;vSacsuvm;Asm}

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   21 

&Sm;/ /][kwfw,fAsdKU? usKyfawmifrS ½kwfw&ufawmh tHhMooGm;rdw,f? odkUaomfvnf; tckawmh usKyf &d yfrdygNyD? a[m[dk[mu aowå mvm; bmvm; xm;wJ  h t&myJ? aowåmawmh ,loGm;NyD? t&mavmuf &Sd&pfawmhw,f? udkif; udkif; qif;Mupdk UAsm? 'gygyJ? onfhjyif Munfhp&m r&Sdygbl;}

 tavmif;&Sd&m tcef;wGif;odkU a&mufjyefvQif uRefawmfu

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]usKyfwdkU w,fNyD; uHaumif;w,fAsdKU? onfrrIrSm 'ku©rsm;rsm; pd kufzdkU r&Sdbl;? yxr wufwJhvl[m a[m'DrSm zdwfaewJh uwå↦xJrSm olUajcaxmuf csoGm;w,fAs}

uRefawmf/ /]csoGm;awmh bmjzpfovJAs}

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uRefawmf/ / (aocsmpGm prf;oyfNyD ;aemuf) ]onfhvdkyif vlaorsm;uawmh awmih  f½HkyJawmihfw,f? onf[muawmh taMumawGudk rmNyD; wif;aew,f}

&Sm;/ /]tppfyJAs? udk if; onfu taMumawG wif;wHk;&,f? rsufESmxm;u aocgeD; NzD;jyyH k&,f aygif;NyD; Munfhvd kufawmh b,fyHk awG;csuf&ovJ}

uRefawmf/ /]jyif;xefwJh qdyfvl ;jrm;rsm;ESifh xdrSefNyD;aowJh vlrsm;vnf; onfvdkyJ aew,fvdkU Mum;zl ;w,fAsm? awGUawmh rawGUbl;aybl;}

&Sm;/ /]tppfyJAs onfwdkif;yJ? 'gaMumifh tcef;xJ 0ifvmvmjcif; b,fenf;ESifh onftqdyfudk oGif;vdkufygvdrfhrvJvdkU 'Pf&mudk vdkufNyD;&Smw,f r[kwfvm; &S mawmh  bmawGUovJ/ em;aemufrSm ql;av;awGUw,f? ql;rSefwJh 'Pf&muvJ onfvl xdkifaeyHkESifh Munfhvdkufawmh  rsufESmMuufrS azmufxm;wJh taygufqDuaeNyD; ypfvdkufwJh 'Pf&mESifhyJ wlw,f? udkif; ud kif; ql;udk Munfhprf;AsdKU}

uRefawmf/ / (ql;udk aocsmpGm MunfhNyD;aemuf) ]awmfawmf qef ;wJh ql;yJAsdKU}

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   22

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 tifpydwfawmfvnf; tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmí awmifajrmuf av;yg;wdkUudk Munf  h½INyD;aemuf [efBuD;yefBuD;&Sdonfh trlt&mESifh uRefawmfwdk Utm; Munfh½Ií

]tif; tif; w,faumif; w,fvS? vufonf ray:bl;[kwfp? 'gxuf onf[mawGu b,folawGvJAs? ajc&mawG bmawGESifh b,fhES,faMumifh 0ifNyD; ½IyfESifhMuwmwkef;}

&Sm;/ /]tifpydwfawmfrif;? uRefawmfhukd rjrifbl;ao;rSwfw,f? uRefawmf armifpH&Sm;ygyJAsm}

tifpydwfawmf/ /]aMomf [kwfyg&J Uvm;? 0rf;omygw,f cif Asm oduRrf;&wm? Mum;awmh Mum;zl;yg&JU? vlcsif;awmh onfwpfcgrS awGU&w,f? uRefawmfemrnf armiftkef;ckdifygwJhAsm? tif; tif; w,faumif;? w,fvSwJh trIuav; ygyJ? vufonf  ray:bl;ayghav? [kwfp? 'gxuf bmaMumifh aow,f cifAsm; xifovJAsm? cifAsm;taMumif; Mum;zl;yg&JU? onfwpfcg odMua&myav}

&Sm;/ /]uRefawmf ajymzdkU vdkygzl;Asm? cifAsm;vnf; odEdkifygw,f MunfhygOD;awmh}

ckdif/ /]aMomf onftrIawmh cifAsm; ÓPf rrS  DEdkifbl; rSwfw,f? cifAsm; pHkaxmufyHkawG uRefawmfvnf; Mum;awmh  Mum;zl;yg&JU? odkUaomf cifAsm; pOf ;pm;yHkawGu ÓPfaumif;vdkU onfavmuf r[kwfbl; uHaumif ;vdkU ay:wmawG xifw,fAs? usKyf wd kU pum;yHk  &Sdw,f r[kwfvm;/ Muufuef;qeftdk;awGUqdkwmrsdK; vdkayghAs} [k ajymvQif armifpH&Sm;vn; uRefawmftm; Munfhum rodrom jyKH;&,fvsuf rnfodkUrQ rajymbJ &Sdaeav\/

 tifpydwfawmf OD;tkef;cdkifvnf ; wkyfcdkifcefUjim;ojzifh ykvdyfom;yDyD &Sdaom udk,fBuD;jzif  h &ifaumhum acwårQ pBuø avQmufNyD;aemuf ]tbdk;aiG ig;odef;avmufwefwJh ausmufoHywåjrm;rsm;vnf; aysmufqHk;w,f? wHcg;vnf; twGif;bufu ydwfxm;w,f? jywif;aygufuaumAsm}

&Sm;/ /]jywif;aygufvnf; twGif;u ydwfxm;w,f? odkUayr,fh jywif;aygufabmifay:rSm ajc&mawG awGUw,fAs}

ckdif/ /]jywif ;aygufudk  twGif;u ydwfxm;wmawGU&ifjzifh abmifay:rSm ajc&mawGUayr,fh bmqdkifovJAs? onfvlaowmu avemNyD; aocsif  aor,f? wufNyD; aocsif aor,f? odkUaomf ausmufoHywåjrm;awG aysmufaew,fqdk wmu cufaew,f? aMomf usKyf tBuH&NyDAsdKU? udkif; ukdif; bdk;rSDwdkU tcef;jyif xGufMuprf;? udkif; udkpH&Sm; usKyfu onfvdk xifw,fAs? ol UnDarmifbdk;uJu olajymcsuft& raeUnu onftcef;xJrSm olUtpfudkESifh ESpfa,mufwnf; &SdMuw,fqdk r[kwfvm;? onfawmh tpfudkarmifbdk;&GJu avema&m*gESifh aow,f? aoawmh armifbdk;uJu ypönf;awG ,lNyD; xGufoGm;w,f? udkif; usKyfawG;yHk b,fES,fvJAsm? w,fr½dkif;bl; r[kwfvm;}

&Sm;/ /][kwfyHkay:yg&JU? onfawmh armifbdk ;uJvnf; xGufoG m;a&m? vlaouvnf; xkdif&mu xNyD; tcef;wHcg;udk twGif;u aeNyD; uefUvefUcsvdkufua&m onfvdkvm;Asm}

cdkif/ /][m [kwf ayw,f? onftcsufu &Sdayao;w,f? uk  dif; 'gjzifh onfvdkaumAsm/ bdk;uJ[m bdk;&GJ nDtpfudk awmfw,f? olwdkUESpfa,muf[m rMumrDu pum;rsm;Muzl;w,f? onf[m usKyfwdkU od&w,f r[kwfvm;? onfhjyifvJ tpfudk bdk;&GJ[m ao&Smw,f? ypönf;awGvnf; aysmufoGm;w,f? 'gvnf; usKyfwdkU od&w,f? raeUnu

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   23 

 bdk;uJjyefoGm;NyD;wJhaemuf bdk;&GJ[m b,folESifhrSvJ rawGU&bl;? olUtdyf&mrSmvnf; tdyfwJh vu©Pm r&Sdbl;? bdk;&GJ aoyHk rsufESmxm; Munfh&wmuvJ tif; w,fNyD; r[efvSbl;? Munfhaemf  usKyf bdk;uJtay: owåKusatmif vkyfvdkufr,f em;axmifMuAs}

&Sm;/ /]aeygOD; rdwfaqG? 'gxuf cifAsm;u tusdK;taMumif; pHkvifatmif rodao;bl;As? a[m'D  ql ;uav;[m vlao em;&Gufaemufu awGUw,fAs? tqdyfvl;xm;wJh vu©Pmvnf; &Sdw,f? tavmif;rSm a[m'D pm&Gufvnf; awGUw,f? udkif; onfawmh cifAsm; awG;yH kESifh udkufygrvm;Asm}

ckdif/ /]udkufygaomf aum rdwfaqG? bmjyKvdkU rudkuf&rSmvJ? onfu tqdyfvl;xm;wJh ql;[m bdk;uJ&JU ql;r[kwf&if b,folUql; jzpfEkdifOD;rSmvJAs? onfpm&Gufu bmvJ? av;OD;om;vufcsuf wJh? onf[mu tvum; bdk;uJu xifa,mifxifrSm; jzpfatmif ÓPfqifwJh tvHk;awG ygAsm? ykvdyfvkyfaeNyD; onfavmufrS ryg;&if  cufaea&maygh? odkUaomfvnf; bdk;uJ[m olUtpfudkudk olowfNyD; b,fvrf;u xGufoGm;ovJ wJh? onf[m wpfckyJ ta&;BuD;w,f? aMomf rsufESmMuufrSm taygufBuD;yguvm;AsdKU}

 ¤if;aemuf tifpydwfawmf OD;tkef;ckdifvnf; ol\ udk,fum,ESifh rvdkufatmif jzwfvwfayghyg;jcif; &Sdaom trlt&mESifh pm;yG  Jay:rS wufí rsufESmMuuftaygufrS wufoGm;NyD;vQif tay:rS aeí

]atmifr,f onfuaeNyD; trdk;ay:wufwJh tayguf &Sdyguvm;AsdKU? cifAsm;wdkU awGUMu&JUvm;? [kwfNyD? [kwfNyD? usKyfxif wJh twdk if;ygyJ} [k ajymí atmufodkU wpfzef qif;vmNyD;aemuf

]a[h bdk;rSDwdkU}

]tcef;jyifrSm bk&m;}

ckdif/ /]udkif; armifbdk;uJudk ac:cJhMua[h? udkif; armifbdk;uJ armifrif;udk uREf kyf armifbdk;&GJ owfrIESifh ,ck zrf ;qD;&vdrfhr,f}

uJ/ /]udkif; uRefawmf  rajymbl;vm; cif Asm? 'gaMumifhh uRefawmf rajymbl;vm; cifAsm? uRefawmfhudk xifygvdrfhr,fvdk U uRefawmf txifom;uyJ cifAsm}

&Sm;/ /]udpö r&Sdygbl; armifbdk;uJ? raMumufygESifh? onftrIudk usKyf wwftm;orQ ulnDNyD; &Sif;vif;atmif vkyfay;ygr,f? pdwfomcsaeyg? rpd k;&d rfygESifh}

cdkif/ /]w,fNyD;vnf; tmrcH r&JESifhAsaemf? awmfawmfMumawmh udk,hfpum;ESifh ukd,hfywfqdkwmvdk jzpfaer,f? r&JbJESifh uRJrpD;ESifh As? udkpH&Sm;}

&Sm;/ /]pdwfcsyg udktkef;cdkif? ukdif ; cifAsm; odcsif&if onftcef;wGif;udk raeUuvmwJh vlESpfa,mufteuf wpfa,muftaMumif;udk trnfemrESifh wuG  usKyfajymjyvd kufr,f? ol Uemrnfuawmh armifrdk;oD;ygwJhAsm? onfvl[m pmaumif;aumif;rwwfbl;? jzwf jzwfvwfvwf? vufsmbuf  ajcaxmufu opfom;ajcaxmuf wyfxm;w,fAs? toufuawmhjzifh vlvwfxJuyJ? tom; cyfñdkñdk? axmifrsm;vnf; uszl;w,f? onftcsufawG&,f? olUvufz0g;rSm tom;enf;enf; pkwfNyD;aew,fqdk wJh  tcsuf&,f? pkaygif;NyD; xnfhvQif

 onfvlud k cifAsm; &SmzdkU rcufvSbl; rSwfw,f? onfhjyif wpfa,muf[muawmh ...}cdkif/ / (ajymifavSmifvdkaom rsufESmxm;ESifh) ]udk if; qdkygOD;wJhAsm? onfh jyif wpfa,mufvnf; ygao;owJhudk;? qdk ygOD;Asm}

 armifpH&Sm;vnf; udktkef;ckdif\ Mum;jzwfí ajymaom pum;udk trI rxm;aom rsufESmxm;ESifh qufvufí

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]onfhjyifwpfa,mufvl[muawmh awmf awmfxl;qef;wJhvlwpfa,mufyJ? odkUaomf rMumrDtwGif; olwdkU ESpfa,muf vHk;ES ifhawG U&atmif  usKyf pDrHEd kifp&m&Sdyg&JUav? udk if; 'gxuf udkodef;armif/ cif Asm;ESifh pum;uav; wpfcGef; ajymyg&apAsm} [k uRefawmftm;ajymojzifh uRefawmfvnf; armifpH&Sm;ESihf twltcef;jyif od kU vdkufoGm; avvQif

&Sm;/ /]udkif; udkodef;armif? cifAsm;vnf; onfudpö rSm wpfae&mu aqmif&Guf &vdrfhr,fAsdKU}

uRefawmf/ /]rESif;ñGefU\ trIjzpfojzif  h wpfae&m ruygbl;Asm? q,fae&mu aqmif&Gufqdk&if aqmif&Gufygr,f}&Sm;/ /]udkif ; 'gjzifh onfvdkvkyfayawmh? onftrIudk usKyfwd kU ylylaEG;aEG; udpö NyD;atmif aqmif&GufMurS awmfr,f? &ufa&TUae&if ae&mrusbl;? rESif;ñGefUudk ac:NyD; olUtdrfa&muf atmifvdkufydkU? yd kUNyD; Munfhjrifwdkif  abmf*gwef; OD;BuD;qdkwJh tbdk;BuD;tdrfudk oGm;? oGm;NyD; acG;wpfaumif,lcJh? ol ay;vdkufvdrfhr,f? usKyfvnf; pma&;ay;vdkufr,f? usKyfwdkUu usKyfwdkUbmom udk,fhenf;ESifh udk,fvkyf? onfu udktkef;cdkifwdkUuvnf; olwdkUenf;ESifh olwdkU vkyfMuvd rfhr,f? aMomf aeOD;? onfu udkbdk;uJ armfawmfum; ,loGm;ayawmh? rMumapESifhaemf? tckem&Djyef wpfcsufawmifausmfoGm;NyD/ rvif;cif pNyD; vdkuf&&if aumif;w,f}

 ¤if ;aemuf uRefawmfvnf; armifpH&Sm;ay;aom pmudk ,lí rES if;ñGef UESifhtwl ¤if;\tdrfodkU armfawmfum;ESifh vdkufí ydkUNyD ;vQif Munfh jrifwdkifodkU oGm;a&mufí rSmxm;onfhtwdk if; acG;udk ,lcJ  hNyD;vQif em&Djyef ESpfcsufausmfausmfcefUwGif

 armifpH&Sm;xH jyef a&mufav\/ 0if;wGif;odkU jyefa&mufvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; avScg;ay:rS qif;vmí

]acG;ygovm;AsdKU? aMomf ae&musNyDAsdKU? 'gxuf udktk ef;ckd ifjzifh jyefoGm;NyDAsdKU? armifbdk;uJwif rubl;? onftdrfu td rfapudk udkausmfvSa&m? xrif;csufwJh rdef;rBuD;a&m tukef zrf;oGm;av&JUAsdKU? wpftdrfvHk;udk &Sif;oGmNyD? olxm;cJ  hwJh ykvdyf wpfa,mufyJ &Sd&pfayawmhw,f? udkif; vmygOD ;As? tdrfay:udk}

 uRefawmfwdkUvnf; acG;udk tdrf atmufwGif csnfaESmifxm;cJhí ,cifu tcef;wGif;odkU a&mufMuavvQif  tavmif;rSmrl t0wfwpfckjzifh zHk;tkyfvsuf&Sd&m ykvdyfwpfa,mufvnf; tcef;0ü pBuø avQmufum &Sdaeav\/ armifpH&Sm;vnf; yk vd yfom;xHrS usm;rsufvHk;rD;tdrfudk iSm;,lNyD;aemuf

]udkif; udkodef;armif onfum;csyfudk vnfyif; wqdwf qGJay;prf ;ygAs? tJ [kwfNyD? udkif; usKyf zdeyfESifh ajctdwfvJ cRwf&OD;r,f? cifAsm; vufudkifyk0g ygovm;? tJ a[m[dku uwå↦rSm ESpfprf;Asm? [kwfNyD? udkif; rsufESmMuufay: cifAsm;? cPavmuf vdkufcJhygOD;Asm}

 uRefawmfvnf; armifpH&Sm;ESifhtwl rsufES mMuufay: od kU wufoGm;MuNyD;aemuf jrLrIHrsm;wGif xifvsuf&Sdaom ajc&mrsm;udk Munfh½INyD;vQif

&Sm;/ /]onfajc&muav;awGudk aoaocsmcsm cifAsm; xyfNyD; Munfhprf;ygOD;Asm? bmrsm; xl;jcm;wm awGUovJ}

uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfjzifh xl ;jcm;wm rawGUvSygbl;Asm? uav; ajc&mvm;? odk Ur[kwf tifrwef ajcao;wJh rdef;rajc&mvm; rSwf wmygyJAsm}

&Sm;/ /]aMomf cifAsm;u i,fvdkU ajymwmudk/ udkif;Asm? ao;i,fwJhtjyif bmrsm; xl;jcm;ao;ovJAsm}

uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfjzifh t&G,fi,fwJh tjyifawmh xl;jcm;yHk rawGUygbl;Asm}

&Sm;/ /]cifAsm;u rMunf  hwwfyJwmudk ;As? onfrSm Munfhprf;As? onf[mu vufsmbuf ajc&m r[kwfvm;? a[mMunf  h usKyfu onfbufu ajc&m wpfck csvdkufr,f? udkif; usKyfajc&mESifh olUajc&mES ifh EdIif ;,SOfMunfhprf;? bmrsm; xl;jcm;ovJ}

uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm; ajc&muawmh ajcacsmif;uav;awG[m pkNyD; aew,f? olUajc&muawmh ajcacsmif;wpfckESifh wpfck tifrwef a0;NyD; uGJuGJjym;jym; &Sdw,f}

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   25 

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 uRefawmfvnf; armifpH&Sm;apckdif ;onf  h twdkif;erf;Munfh&m uwå↦teH U jyif;pGm xGuffvsuf &Sdonfudk awGU&Sd&av\/

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 uRefawmfvnf; tdrfatmufodkU qif;oGm;í acG;udk jzKwfNyD;aemuf  0if;wGif;rS apmifhqkdif;vsuf &Sd&m armifpH&Sm;rSm tdrfrdk;ay: odkU a&mufNyD ;aemuf trdk;wpfavQmuf w&G&G wGm;vsuf&Sdonfudk awGUjrif&av\/ tdrfpGef;wpufrdwfodkU a&mufvQif

&Sm;/ /]udkodef;armifvm; AsdKU}

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&Sm;/ /]onftem;wdk;cJh Asm? usKyf atmufwnfhwnfh u rnf;rnf;[m bmvJ AsdKU}

uRefawmf/ /]pnfBuD; axmifaewmAsdKU}&Sm;/ /]jrJ&JUvm;}

uRefawmf/ / (vIyfí MunfhNyD;aemuf) ]NrJygw,f}

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 armifpH&Sm;vnf; ayghyg;aom vlwpfa,muf jzpfonfhtwdkif; tdrfrdk;pGef;rS  pnfay: odkU jzwfvwfpGm ckefcsí pnfay:rS wpfzef ajray: odkU oufqif;NyD;aemuf uRefawmf\ vufrS ajctdwfESifh zdeyfudk vSrf;,lí pGyf NyD;vQif

]tdrfrdk;ay:rSm usKyfwdkU vlu a[m'D[muav; csypfcJhw,fAsdKU? usKyfawGUvdkU aumuf,lvmcJhao;w,f} [k ajymNyD;vQif jrufjzifh ,ufxm;aom tdwfi,fwpfckudk uRefawmftm; jyav\/ uRef awmfonf jruf tdwfi,fudk  vSrf;,l í zGifhMunfh&m tdwftwGif;üum; tqdyfvl;vsuf &Sd onf  h ,cifu ql;i,faygif; q,fckrQudk awGU&Sd&av\/

&Sm;/ /]owdESifh udkifAsdKUaemf udkodef;armif? vufpl ;oGm;&if bdk;&GJvdk cifAsm; jzpfNyD;om;yJ? onftdwfuav;awGUwmvnf; usKyfwdkU uHaumif;aumif;yJ? onftaumifrSm onfvufeuf[m tukefyJ rSwfw,f? onfhjyif &SdyHkray:bl ;? onfvufeuf olwdkUrSm &Sdae&if olwdkU zrf;zdkU cyfusyfusyfyJ? udkif; udkodef;armif c&D;awmfawmfa0;a0; vrf;avQmufEdkifygOD;rvm;}

uRefawmf/ /]avQmuf Edkifygao;w,fAsm}

&Sm;/ /]udkif; vm 'gjzifh ay;ay;? usKyfudk acG;ay;} [k ajymojzifh uRefawmfvnf; acG;vnfywfwGif csnfxm;aom oHBudK;udk ay;vdkuf&m armifpH &Sm;vnf; ,cifu uwå↦vl;í xm;aom vufudkifyk0gudk acG;\ ESmacgif ;odkU uyfNyD;aemuf

]udkif; abmfbD? erf;prf;a[h? erf;prf;? teH U&&JUvm;} [k acG;tm; em;vnfbdouJhodkU ajymavvQif acG;vnf; em;vnfbdouJhodkU jznf;ñSif;pGm toHjrnfvsuf &Sdav\/

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 ¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;vnf; vufud kify0gudk ta0;odkU ypfvdkufNyD;aemuf acG;udk pnf&Sd&modk U ,loGm;í pnfay: odkU teHUcHapNyD; ¤if;pnf\ xdyf0ü xdkolajccsí oG m;aom ae&mjzpfojzifh  uwå ↦eHU jyif;pG m xGufvsuf &Sdonf jzpfaomaMumifh abmfbDonf em;vnfonfh vu©PmES ifh w[D[D jrnf NyD ;vQif xdkoloGm;aom ajc&mudk  cH í vdkufoGm;&m uRefawmfwdkUrSm oHBudK;udk udk ifvsuf acG ;aemufrS vdkufygoGm;Mu&av\/

 xdk tcsdefüum; t½kPfwufNyD jzpfí ta&SUt&yfrS &J&JeDvsuf vif;a&mif tenf;i,f vmvsuf  &S  d&m acG;vnf; tdrf0if;aygufrS xGufNyD;aemuf taemufpl;pl; teHUcHvsuf vdkufoGm;ojzifh uRefawmfwdkUonf aemufrS vdkufygvmcJhMu&av\/

 ,if;uJhodkU acG;aemufrS oHBudK;ud k qGJumvdkufygojzifh acG;vnf; taemufodkU csdK;csnfwpfcg awmifodkU auGUcsnfwpfvSnf  hESifh a&SUrS vsifjrefpGm ajy;oGm;vsuf&Sd&m bufywpfaumvdyfausmif;teD; "mwf&xm;vrf;odkU a&mufavvQif acG;onf awmifbufodkU vdkufrnfvdkvd k ajrmufbufodkU vdkufrnfvdkvdk  ra0cG  JEkdifatmif &Sdaeonfh vu© PmESifh uRefawmfwdkU\ rsufESmudk armhum armhum &Sdaeav\/ ¤if;aemuf ajrodkU acwårQ teHUcHjyefNyD;vQif acG;vnf; teH UcHrdonfh vu©PmESifh ajrmufpl;pl;od kU pGwfí tNrD;ESHUum vdkufoGm;jyefav\/

 ,if;uJhodkU "mwf &xm;vrf;wpfavQmuf vdkufvmMupOf uRefawmfu

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&Sm;/ /]bmcufvdrfhrvJAs? onfenf;u tvG,f qHk;rdkUvd kU? usKyfwdkU vdkufwmudk;As? onfvdk uwå↦eHUESifh ajc&mcHNyD; vdkufzdkU r&Sdbl;qdk&ifvJyJ onfjyifenf;ESifh usLyf vdkufOD;rSmayghAs}

uRefawmf/ /]'gxuf opfom;ajcaxmufESifh vlqdd kwJhtaMumif; cifAsm; b,fhES,faMumifh aoaocsmcsm odovJAsm? uRefawmfjzifh aumif;aumif;em;rvnfao;ygbl;Asm}

&Sm;/ /]bmcufovJAsm? t&Sif;BuD;uyJ? jrefrmppfrIxrf;ESpfa,muf[m ppfajrjyifrSm ppfrIxrf;vsuf &SdpOf ppf om;rsm;teufrS jypfrI usL;vGefwJh vlrsm;udk apmifhMuyfzdk U wm0efusw,f? onftwG if;rSm ypö nf;rsm; jr§KyfESHxm;wJh taMumif;udk olwdkU wpfenf;enf;ESifh  odw,f? odawmhum olwdkUtwGuf armifrdk;oD ; qdkwJh  vlu jr§Kyfxm;wJh ae&mudk ajryH krsm; qGJNyD;jyw,f? onfawmhum onfu armifrdk;oD;qdkwJh olu olukd,fwk  dif bmjyKvdkU wl;r,lbJ olrsm;udk ajryHkqGJNyD; jyygovJwJh? jyrSmayghAsm? oludk,fwdkiffuawmh tusOf;csKyfcHae&avawmh  wl;EdkifwJh t&m&Sdrsm;udk ae&mESifh wuG a&;NyD; jywmud k;As? jyawmh *sr'gOD;xGef ;ausmf ESifh OD;om[ef ESpfa,mufvHk;yJvm; odkUr[kwf wpfa,mufwnf;yJvm; oGm;NyD; ypö nf;rsm;udk wl;,l w,f? ,lNyD; wpfpHkwpfck olu uwd xm;cJhonfh twdkif; raqmif&Guf bJ xdkvlawG ypfxm;cJhNyD; olzmom jrefrmjynfudk jyefajy;vmcJh wmudk;As}

uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm; Opö mu awG;vHk;yJ &Sdwmudk;As? [kwfw,f r[kwfbl;qdkwm wyftyf ajymEdkifwmrS r[kwfyJ}

&Sm;/ /]wyftyfrS wu,fh wyftyfBuD;ayghAsm? onfenf;r[kwf&if onfhjyifenf;rsm; jzpfEdkifOD;rvJAs? 'gESifh bdk;uJwdkU bdk;&G  Jwdk U taz *sr'g OD;xGef;ausmfu ypö¶nf;awG ,lvmcJh NyD ; csrf;csrf;omomESifh aexkdifwk ef;rSm pmwpfapmif &wmudk;As? onfpmu bmpmwJhvJ? oljypfrSm;cJhwJh vlawG[m axmifu vGefukef MuNyD qdkwJh taMumif; pm&wmudk;As? 'gaMumifhvnf; onfvl onfavmuf wkefvIyfwmayghAs}

uRefawmf/ /]qdkygOD;Asm}

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   27 

&Sm;/ /]onfpm &NyD;wJhaemuf opfom;ajcaxmufESifh vlrsm; jrif&if tifrwef aMumufwwfw,fvdkU armifbdk;uJu ajymw,f r[kwfvm;? usKyfwkdUjynfrSm opfom;ajcaxmufwyf&wJh vlvnf; t&Sm;BuD;ygAsm? usKyfjzifh wpfa,mufyJ jrifzl;ygw,f? rD;&xm; eif;rdvdkU 'l;qpfu jzwfNyD; opfom;ajcaxmuf wyf&&Smw,fqdk xifyg&JU? tJ 'Dvludk olu olUvlrSwfvdkU aoewfESihf oGm;typfrSm 'PfaiGawmif awmfawmf avQmfvdkuf&ao;w,fqdk r[kwfvm;? usKyf ajymwJhvl[m jrefrmAsaemf? rSwfxm;}

uRefawmf/ /][kwfuJhAsm}

&Sm;/ /]udkif; ckeifu ajryH krSm vufrSwfxkd;wJ  h vl av;a,muf teuf wpfa,mufxJom jrefrm ygw,fAs? onfhjyif [mawGu [dE´LawG? rlqvifrefawG csnf;yJ [kwfp}

uRefawmf/ /][kwfygw,fAsm}

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uRefawmf/ /][kwf ygayw,fAsm}

&Sm;/ /]udkif ; udkif; usKyfwdkU udk,fudk armifrdk;oD ; ae&mrSm xm;NyD; Munfhvdkuf MuOD;pdkU? armifrdk;oD;[m axmifu

 vGwfvmNyD;wJhaemuf  ol&xkdufaom ypö nf;rsm;udk jyef&&efwpfaMumif;? olUtay:ü rw&m;ojzifh jyKusifhoGm;wJh vlrsm;udk vufpm;acs&efwpfaMumif; vmcJ  hw,f? vmNyD; *sr'g OD;xGef;ausmf aexdkifwJh t&yfudk olar;jref;pHkprf;vdkU awGUa&m? awGUawmh um twGif;vl wpfa,muf ESifh ol yl ;aygif;a&m? yl;aygif;NyD ; twGif;pum;rsm;&atmif wD;acgufMunfh? Munfhayr,f  h ypö nf;jr§Kyfxm;wJhae&m ol rodbl;As? 'gESifh onfvdkaewkef; OD;xGef;ausmf renf;jzpfaew,fvdkU ol owif ;&a&m? &awmh OD;xGef;ausmfrsm; aooGm;&if ypö nf;awG olr&&pfrSm pdk;&drftm;BuD;vGef;wmESif  h t&JpGefUNyD; 0if;xJ0if? 0ifNyD; jywif;aygufu acsmif;em;axmifaewkef;rSm aocgeD;qJqJ OD;xGef;ausmf jrifoGm;w,f r[kwfvm;As? OD;xGef;ausmf aoNyD;wJhaemuf onfnrSmyJ tdrfxJudk olazmufNyD;0if? 0ifNyD ; ypö nf;awG arT aESmuf&Sm? &Smayr,f  h rawGUavawmh tavmif ;rS mawmif pmuyfNyD; xm;cJhao;w,f r[kwfvm;As? rSwfrdw,f r[kwfvm;}

uRefawmf/ /]rSwfrdygw,f}

&Sm;/ /]ud kif; OD;xGef;ausmf aoa&m? aoawmh  onfu armifrdk;oD;u bmvkyfovJ? olu wjcm;uaeNyD; ypö nf;rsm;udk [dkolawG  &Smwm? awGUw,f rawGUbl;qdkwm owif;em;axmifaewmudk;As? aemufawmh ypö nf;awG rsufESmMuufay:rSm awGUw,fqkdwm ol owif;&a&m? &awmh  ol uawmh opfom;ajcaxmufBuD; rpG rf;roefjzpf avawmh tazmfwpfa,muf ac:NyD; tBuHtpnf jyK? jyKwJhtBuHtwdkif;vnf; atmifjrifygay&JU? odkUaomf tazmfvkyfwJh vl[mu uwå↦xJrSm ajccsrdvdkU cuf&SmMuwmudk;As}

uRefawmf/ /]bdk;&GJudk owfwmu armifrdk;oD;u owfwmvm;? tazmfvkyfwJh vl[mu owfwmvm;As}

&Sm;/ /]armifrdk;oD;u owfr,f r[kwfbl;? tazmf[mu owfw,f xifw,f? rdk;oD;u &efNid K;BuD;wmu bd k;&GJwd kU taztay:rS mom &efNidK;BuD ;wmudk;As? tcef;xJrSm olUajc&mawG eif;xm;yHkMunfh&wmawmh olUtazmfu bdk;&GJudk

 owf xm;ESifhvdkU rd k;oD;u pdwfaygufNyD; Murf ;ay:rS m aqmifhBuD;atmifhBuD;ESifh eif;xm;wJh vu©PmyJ? odkUayr,fh vGefNyD;wJh trI rdkU olrwwfEd kifavawmh tavmif;udk tomxm;cJhNyD ; ypö¶nf ;awG,lNyD; xGufoGm;Muwmudk;As? ukdif; onfhjyif cifAsm; bmrsm; odcsifao;ovJ}

uRefawmf/ /]olUtazmftaMumif; ajymygOD ;Asm? ol Utazmf[mu vlxl; wpfa,mufyJ xifw,f}

&Sm;/ /]xm;ygaomfaumAsm? tifrwef xl;wJh vlaygh? odkUaomf olUtaMumif;cifAsm; aemufawmh odygvdrfhr,f} [k ajym&if;qdk&if ;ESifh avQmufvmMuojzifh MunfhjrifwdkifodkU a&mufvmMu&m ¤if;t&yfüum;vrf;topf jyifqifcif;usif;vsuf&Sdojzifh acG;vnf; eHab;rS avQmufí ajy;oGm;av\/ wpfcPrQ MumavvQif  acG;vnf;

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 vrf;eHab;wGif  &yf vsuf  &Sdaom vSnf;i,fuav;od kU ajy;oGm;í vufajcwdkUjzifh ukwfjcpfum jrnfatmfvsuf  &Sdav\/ ¤if;vSnf;i,frSm tjcm;r[kwf &efukefNrdKUay:ü vrf;rsm; jyifonfhtcg uwå↦rsm;udk xnfhí t&nfusd Kaom vSnf ;i,fuav;yif jzpfavaMumif;/

 uRefawmfwdkUvnf ; þrQavmuf tyifyef;cHí vdkufvmNyD;aemufrS þuwå↦ vSnf;i,fwGif vrf ;qHk;vsuf &Sdonfudk awG U&ojzif  h armifpH&Sm;rSm tvGefw&m pdwf½Iyfaom rsufESmxm;ESifh &SdonfwGif uRefawmfvnf ; þwpfcgrS avSmifajymif&ef tcGifhay: ojzifh avSmifajymifum &,farmvsuf &SdpOf armifpH&Sm;vnf; uRefawmftm; ta&;r,lbJ acwå OD ;acgif;udk azsmufcg pOf;pm;awGa0pGm &SdaeNyD;aemuf

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 xdkae&modkU a&mufvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; acG;udk teHUcHapjyef&m abmfbDvnf; vrf;qHk&Sd ajrBuD;rsm;udk erf;½I yfum teHUcH NyD;aemuf ,cifuuJhodkU ajrmuf&yfodkU roGm;bJ awmifpl;pl;odkU ajy;vTm; vdkufoGm;jyefav\/ ,if;uJhodkU awmifpl;pl ;odkU "mwf&xm;vrf;twdkif; vdkufvmMujyefojzifh armfwifvrf; odkUa&mufvQif abmfbDvnf; wpfckaom wdkufa&SUü ywfcsmvSnfhí ajrü teHUcHNyD;aemuf  taemufod kU vSnfhí a&qdyfodkU qif ;ajy;av\/ a&qdyfodkU a&mufvQif abmfbDvnf; a&pyfodkU a&mufatmif ESmacgif;ESif  h ajrBuD;ESifh  uyfum ajy;oGm;NyD;aemuf a&pyfodkU a&mufonfESifh wpfjyKdifeuf  ajc&maysmufoGm;onfh vu©PmESifh uRefawmf wdkU\ rsufESmudk armfMunfhum rBuHwwfatmif &Sdaeav\/

 xdktcg armifpH&S m;u ]vmAsdKU? udkodef;armif? usKyf &dyfrdNyD} ajymí ,cifu acG;&yfí ywfcsmvSnfhum &SdcJhaom wdkuf od kU oG m;&m ¤if;wdkufüum; ]armfawmfbkwfiSm;&ef &Sdonf} [laom qdkif;bkwfwpfckudk awGUav\/

 xdk tcg armifpH &Sm;vnf; ¤if;wdkufwGif;&Sd ukvm;r,m;ESifh oP² mefwlaom rdef;rBuD; wpfa,muftm; ar;jref;Munfh½Iojzifh od&Sd&onfrSm ¤if;\ cifyGef;tyÜ'lvmrSm raeUreuf  rvif;ciftcsdefuyif vlwpfa,mufu iSm;&rf;oGm;ojzifh armfawmfbkwfESifh vkdufygoGm;aMumif;? armfawmfbk wf iSm;vmolrSm opfom;ajcaxmufwpfbuf wyfvsuf &SdaMumif;/ raeUuwnf;u xGufoGm;onfrSm ,ckwdkif jyefrvmao;ojzihf pd wfrat; &S  daeaMumif;? ¤if;opfom;ajcaxmufESifh olrSm roGm;rD wpf&ufuyif vma&mufí armfawmfbkwf tvdk&SdaMumif;udk ajymNyD;vQif p&HaiGay;íxm;ESifhaMumif; ¤if;ES ifhtazmf wpfa,mufygonf udk rd rd rjrifaMumif;? armfawmfbkwfrSm t0ga&mif aq;okwfí xm;onfjzpfaomaMumifh tjcm;armfawmfbkwfrsm;ESif  hrwl? tvG,fwulESifh odjrifEdkifaMumif;rsm;ESif  h rdef;rBuD;u ajymqdkavvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; ¤if;\ uav;tm; rkefUzdk; ESpfusyfrQay;NyD ;aemuf xGufvmcJ  hav\/

 vrf;c&D ;wGif uRefawmfu ]udkif; b,fES,f vkyfrvJAsm}

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   29 

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&Sm;/ /]armfwifvrf; od ovm;}

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&Sm;/ / (t*Fvd yfowif;pmzdkifa[mif;wpfckudk uRefawmftm; vSrf;í ay;NyD ;aemuf) ]a[m'D rsufES mrSm zwfMunfhprf;} [k ajymojzifh uRefawmfvnf; zwfMunfh&m jrefrm t"dyÜm,frSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfygaMumif ;/ 

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uRefawmf/ /]aumif;ygayAsm? 'gxuf onftrIrSm trIonf ESpfa,mufteuf [dkwpfa,muftaMumif; ajymprf;ygOD;Asm? ajryHkrSmygwJh ukvm; oHk;a,mufteuf wpfa,muf[mvm;Asm}

&Sm;/ /]bmvJAs? [dE´Lukvm;xJu rSwfvdkUvm;? [dE´Lukvm;jzifh onfavmuf ajcaxmuf ao;yghrvm;As? ud kif; udkif; usKyf zGifhajymr,f/ cifAsm; awG;Munfhprf ;? onfvl[m ajcaxmuf tif rwef ao;w,f? zdeyfvnf; b,fawmhrS pD;zl;wJh vu©Pm r&Sdbl;? tifrwefvnf ; oefpGrf;w,f? tqdyfvl;jrm;vnf; toHk;jyKw,f? udkif; b,fvdkvlxJuvJAsm}

uRefawmf/ /]aumif;aumif ; rawG;wwfygbl;Asm}

&Sm;/ /]udkif; udk if; cifAsm; awG;ae&if Mumaea&mhr,f? MuGufavQmufay:u [dkpmtkyfBuD; vS rf;prf ;ygOD;Asm} [k

 ajymojzifh uRefawmfvnf; ]*ZufwD,m}ac: A[kok wtrsd K;pHk yg&Sdaom pmtk yfBuD ; vSrf;,lay;urf;vdkuf&m armifpH&Sm;vnf; pmtkyfud k vSefavSm&SmazG&if;

]usKyfwdkU armif rdk;oD;u wpfuRef ;jyefAsaemf? [kwfp? ukdif; wpfuRef;u vl½dkif;rsdK;rsm; jzpfrvm; Munfhprf ;&atmif? a[m awGUNyDAsd KU? udkif; em;axmif} [k ajymí armifpH&Sm;vnf ; pmtkyfrS zwfí jy&m jrefrmt"dyÜm,frSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfygaMumif;/

]tef'refac: wpfuRef;om;vl½dkif;rsm;taMumif;}

tif're fuRe f ;om; vl½ k di f ;r sm;wd k Uonf t&y f 3 ayr S 4 ayrQtwGi f ;omvQi f & S donf jzp fí urÇmay:ü

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vSon f jzp f&m t* Fvdy f tp d k ;&wd kUon f ¤i f ;wd k Utm; ,Ofaus;aom trlt&mrsm;ud k oi f Mum; jyoygaomfvn f;

rwwfE d ki fonf jzp fí aemufqH k ;ü vufavQm h Mu&av\/ od k U&mwGi f xd kvl½ d ki f ;wd k Ur Sm aus;Z l ;wi fwwfaom

vlrs d K; jzp fojzif h r dr dwd k Utm;aus;Zl; jyKz l;aomolwd k Utm;r l tvGe fp G J Nr Jp Gmcsp fci fwwfMuavonf/ xd kolwd k Uonf

tqdy fvl;aom jrm;ql;r sm;ud k a jymi f ;wH jzi f hr Iwfí &e folr sm;ud k vnf;aumi f ; ? awmowå0grsm;ud k

vnf;aumi f ; owf jzwfz sufqD;wwf Muavonf/ xd kvlr s d K ;wd k Ur Sm ao;i,fojzi f h tcs d K ;tpm;rusaom

O D ;acgi f ;r sm;vn f;aumi f ; ? &ufpuf Mur f; MuKwf[e f& S daomrsu fp dr sm;vnf;aumi f ; ? ao;i, faom v ufajcrsm;

vnf;aumi f ; & S d Muavonf/

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   31 

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uRefawmf/ /]&dyfrdwm r&dyfrdwm tyxm;ygOD;Asm/ 'gxuf tyem;wd kUqDu bmowif;rsm; Mum;ao;ovJ}

&Sm;/ /]rMum;ao;bl;As? odk Uaomf vnf; Mum;ygvd rfhr,f raeygbl;}

uRefawmf/ /]'gxuf usKyfwdkU udk,fwdkif vdkuf &&if raumif;bl;vm;}

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uRefawmf/ /]udk if; 'gjzifh cifAsm; ae&pfOD;Asm? usKyfawmh vrf;avQmufacsOD;r,f}

&Sm;/ /]b,fvJAs? rESif;ñGefUwdkUqD udkvm;}

uRefawmf/ / (tBuHudk odoGm;ojzifh rsufES mylyl ESifh) ]a&mufaumif; a&mufygvdrfhOD;r,f rSwfw,f? bmrsm;

 rSmvdkufOD;rvJ}&Sm;/ /]rSmp&m r&S  dygbl;Asm? 'gxuf rdef;rawGudk pum;ukefrajymESifhAsaemf? abmfbDvnf ; ac: oG m;ygAsm? jyefyd kUvdkufyg/ rvdkygbl;}

 ¤if;aemuf  uRefawmfvnf; acG;udk ac:cJhí MunfhjrifwdkifodkU jyefydkUNyD;vQif rESif;ñGefUtay:ü ,cifu xkwfazmfa&;om;cJhNyD;onftwdkif; arwåmpdwfpl;pdkufvsuf &Sdonf jzpfaomaMumifh ,dk;r,fzGJUum taMumif;&S mí tdrfodk U 0if NyD;aemuf trItaMumif;rsm;udk jzef ;oef;um &,farmajymqdk aerdcJ  hygaMumif;/

 tdrfodkU jyefa&mufonfhtcg 7 em&DausmfcefUrQ &SdNyDjzpf&m armifpH&S m;\ aq;wHwdkESifh pmtkyfrSmrl ukvm;xdkifay:wGif &Sdaeaomfvnf; armifpH&S m;udk rjrifonfjzpfí &SmazG&m armifpH&Sm;rSm eufeJaom trIwdkUü qifjcif pOf ;pm;NrJ jzpfonfhtwdkif; acgif;tH k;rsm;udk ukvm;xdkifay:wGif  pkyHkum aeomatmif cif ;usif;NyD;rS ¤if;wdkUtay:rS aq;wH

 t½dk;&S nfBuD;udk aomuf½Ivsuf wpfnywfvHk; rtdyfrae pOf;pm;pdwful;vsuf &Sdav\/ eHeufvif;ojzifh vufzuf&nf aomuf&if; uRefawmfu ]b,fES,fvJ udkpH &Sm;? cifAsm; wpfnvHk; rtdyfygyJuvm;}

&Sm;/ /]cif Asm; odwJhtwdkif;yAsm? usKyfu tNyD;rowfrjcif; tNidrfaewwfwJhvl r[kwfbl;? ½dkif;vdkufavw,f Asm/ bmr[kwfwmuav;ESif  h vmNyD; xpfaew,f? vludkvnf; odNyD? olwd kUpD;oGm;wJh armfawmf bkwfudkvnf; odNyD/ 'gESifhawmif udpö acsmNyD; rjzpfwm? usKyf cHjyif;vSw,fAs? odkUaomfvnf; onfenf;ESifh r&vQif  onfh jyifenf;ESifh vkduf&rSmayghav? wwfEdkifygbl;}

 ¤if;aeU nae uRefawmfvnf; tvkyfwdkufrS jyefvmvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf ; td rfü r&SdESifhonfjzpfí pm;yGJ ü &SmazG Munfh½I&m uRefawmftwGuf atmufyg twdkif; pmwpfapmifa&;om;xm;onfudk awGU&ygaMumif;/

rdwfaqGBuD; udkodef;armif

þtrIü pdwfrcsonfjzpfí usKyfudk,fwdkif vdkufacsNyD/ usKyf rjyefvmrD taMumif;xl;onfjzpfap?

tyem;jyefvmí taMumif;Mum;onf jzpfap cifAsm; ÓPf&Sdoavmuf pDrHESifhygav/

armifpH&Sm;

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 ¤if;nOfhü uRef awmfonf þtrI\ taMumif;udkaomf vnf ;aumif;? vufOD; trI&Sifjzpfol q&mr rESif;ñGefU\ taMumif;rsm;udk vnf;aumif;? rdwfaqG armifpH&Sm;\ taMumif ;rsm;udk  vnf;aumif ; pOf;pm;pdwful;vsuf tdyfaysmfNyD;aemuf tdyfrufxJü uRefawmfvnf ; rESif;ñGefU\ vufudk udkifqGJum olckd;rsm;\ aemufodkU twif; ajy;vTm;vdk ufygoGm;ojzifh armyef;onftcgrS vefUí Edk;vmygaMumif;/

 eHeufvif ;vQif uRefawmfonf wpfnOfh ywfvH k; armifpH&Sm; rjyefvmonfjzpfí ylyifaom pdwfjzifh wdkufa&SUü &xm;armif;oGm;onfhtcgwdkif; armifpH&S m;trSwf ESihf arQmfvifhvsuf&Sd&m 8 em&DtcsdefcefUwGif jrif;&xm; wpfpD;onf wdkufa&SUü &yfNyD;aemuf tifpydwf awmf OD;tkef ;cdkifonf ,refaeUuuJhodkU rdrdudk,fukd txiftjrifBuD;vsuf [efBuD;yefBuD; r&SdbJ twefi,f ñdI;i,faom rsufESmxm;ESifh uRefawmftm;

]armifpH&Sm;wpfa,muf rvmao;bl ; rSwfw,f}

uRefawmf/ /]r&Sdbl;Asm? apmifhygOD;av? vmvkygNyD rSwfw,f? xdkifygOD;Asm}

ckdif/ /]xkdif ao;wmayghav? 'gxuf usKyfraeUu onftrIrSm xifjrifcsufud k cifAsm; Mum;rd w,f  r[kwfvm;? tckawmh r[kwf jyefbl;Asd KU? bdk;uJwdkUvnf; vTwfvdkuf&NyD? usKyfawG ;yHk rudkufao;bl;? 'gxuf cifAsm; rdwfaqG udkpH&Sm; wpfa,mufu awmfawmh awmfwJh oli,fwpfa,mufygyJ? wpfcgwpfavawmh enf;enf;uav; t,ltq

 t&ifvdkw,f rSwfw,f? odkUaomf ol U[mu rSefwmu rsm;aew,fAs? ck reuf yJ olUqDu w,fvDzkef; &w,f? tdrfu apmifhaeygwJh? olvmcJhr,fwJh? wpfckckawmh ajc&mcHrdNyD rSwfw,fAs} [k ajymqdkvsuf &SdpOf avScg;rS ajcvSrf;av;av;jzifh wpfvSrf;jcif ; wufívmonfh vlwpfa,muf\ ajcoHukd Mum;NyD;aemuf wHcg;udk acgufoHMum;ojzifh ]0ifcJhav} [k uRefawmfu ac:vdkuf&m touf ig;q,fausmft&G,fcefUrQ&Sd t0wfrsm;ü pufqDrsm; pGef;ayvsuf &Sdonfjzpfí pufarmif;orm;ESifh wlaom ukvm;tbdk;BuD; wpfa,muf onf armBuD;yef;BuD;&Sdonfh trlt&mESifh tcef;wGif;od kU 0ifvmí ]armif pH&Sm; qif[dkif;} (armifpH&Sm; &Sdyg&JUvm; ) [k [dE´KpwefeDbmomjzifh ar;jref;avvQif uRefawmfvnf; r&SdaMumif;ESihf ajymqdk í udpöuk  d ar;jref;&m ukvm;BuD;vnf; rdrdrSm tjcm;r[kwf? pufq&m tyÜ'lvmjzpfaMumif; armifpH&Sm;u awGUvdkonf qdkí vma&muf&aMumif;ESifh rajymvdk ajymvdkESifh ajymqdkav\/ xd ktcg uRefawmfu trIESifh oufqdkif aMumif;ESifh ajymqdkojzifh tifpydwfawmf OD;tkef;ckdifvnf ; uk vm;BuD;tm; odvdktm;BuD;ESihf ar;jref;&m ukvm;BuD;u

]qAÁvkyf tjcm;ed rf;? armifpH&Sm; qAÁudk [rf'pfpae; ref;uwm;? armifpH&Sm;qyfudk uREkfyf ajymr,f? cifAsm;wdkUudk uREkf yf rajymbl ;}

ckdif/ /] 'gjzifh apmifhOD; bdkif}

ukvm;BuD;/ /]uREfkyf rapmifhEdkifbl;? uREk  fyf ,ck jyefr,f? olodcsif&if ol Ubmom ol vmayap? uREkfyf jyefr,f} [k ajymí wHcg;&Sd&modkU oGm;rnfjyKavvQif tifpydwfawmf OD;tkef;ckdifvnf; trIESifh ywf oufaMumif; odonfjzpfí tusdK;taMumif; odvdkvSonfESifh pdwf tm;BuD;pGm xdkif&mrS xí ukvm;BuD;\vufarmif;udk qGJudkifum

]aeOD; bmblBuD;? trItaMumif; uREkfyfukd ajym&r,f/ rajymbJ roGm;&bl;? ajymNyD;rS oGm;&r,f? jyefcsif &if jrefjrefajym} [k ajymavvQif ukvm;BuD;vnf; tenf;i,f z,f½kef;NyD ;aemuf r&aMumif; odonfESihf

]aumif ;NyD? cifAsm;wdkU uREk  fyfudk twif;qGJxm;w,faemf? usKyf  rcH bl;? w&m;pGJr,f? aumif;NyD} [k ajymí ukvm;xdkifwpfckay:wGif armifpH&Sm;tm; apmifhOD;rnft[efESifh NidrfoufpGm xdkifvsuf &Sd&m uRefawmfESihf OD;tkef;ck  difwdkUvnf; aq;vdyfrsm;udk aomuf½Ium axG&mav;yg; pum;wdkUukd ajymqdkvsuf &SdMuav\/

 xk  dcPü ]aq;vdyfwpfvdyf  ay;Muprf;Asm} [k ajymoHudk Mum;vdkufojzihf uRefawmfwdkU tHhMopGmESifh armfí MunfhvdkufMu&m ,cifu ukvm;BuD;rS m ukvm;r[kwf? armifpH &Sm; jzpfaMumif;udk tHhMopGm awGUjrif Mu&av\/

 xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;vnf; [uf [ufyufyuf &,farmvsuf

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   33 

]usKyfudk,fusKyf ½kyfzsufenf; awmfawmfwwfw,fvdkUawmh xifrdyg&JU? odkUaomf onfavmufawmif aumif;rSef;awmh r&dyfrdaybl;Asm}

ckdif/ /]awmf ygayw,fAsm/ usKyfwkdU ykvdyfrsufpdawmif vdrfEdkifygayw,f? cifAsm; toHxm;yHku wuJhudk ae&musw,fAsdKU? toHu tufvd kU uGJvdkU? wu,fh tbdk;BuD;oHyJ? odkUaomf cifAsm; rsufpdMunfhyHkawmh usKyf&dyfrdovdkvdk enf;enf;awmh &Sd vdk ufyg&JU? awmfygayw,fAsm}

&Sm;/ /]w,fvDzkef;uae ajymwm cifAsm;vm;}

ckdif/ /][kwfygw,f}

&Sm;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ cifAsm;trI}

ckdif/ /]ae&m rusygbl ;? [dkESpfa,muf zrf;xm;wmvnf; vTwfvdkuf&ygNyD}

&Sm;/ /]ESpfa,muf vTwfvdkuf&vQif onfu ESpfa,muftpm; &vdrfhrayghAsm? rylygESifh? 'gxuf a&aMumif; ykvdyfbufu armfawmfbkwf jrefjref wpfpD; onfuaeUn vdkcsifw,fAsdKU}

cdkif/ /]uRefawmfhwm0efxm;ygAsm? &ygaphr,f}

&Sm;/ /]NyD;awmh ykvdyfESpfa,muf cyf awmifhawmifhxJu a&G;ac:cJhAsddKU}

cdkif/ /]pd wfcsygAsm? ygygaphr,f? onfhjyifaumAsm}

&Sm;/ /]onfhjyifawmh armifrd k;oD;udk usKyfzrf;vdkU &SdvQif olESifh usKyfESifh r&Sif;vif;wJh  tcsufuav;rsm; ar;zdkU usKyftdrfrS m em&D0ufavmuf cGifhjyK&vdrfh,f}

cdkif/ /]pdwfomcsygAsm? vlom rdygap? em&D0uf ruygbl;? wpfem&D ajymcsifwm ajymaeyg}

&Sm;/ /]udk if; 'gjzifh onfuaeUn 7 em&DcGJavmuf  armf awmfbkwfESifh xGufMu&atmif? 6 em&DcGJavmufudk cifAsm; onftdrf a&mufatmifvmcJhAsm? udkif; 'gygyJ}

 ¤if;aeU nae uRefawmfonf  tvkyfrS  jyefvmNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;ESihf twlwuG xrif;pm;aomufNyD;Muí ajcmufem&DausmfcefU &SdavvQif tifpydwfawmf OD;tkef;cddkifvnf; a&mufvm&m

&Sm;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ jyifqifxm;cJhNyDvm;AsdKU}

cdkif/ /]NyD;cJhygNyDAs? armf awmfbkwfu yef;qdk;wef;qdyfrSm}

&Sm;/ /]OD;tkef;cdkif? ajcmufvHk;jyL;rsm;yg&JUvm;AsdKU}

cdkif/ /]ygygw,fAsm}

&Sm;/ /],rf;awmifhrsm; aoaocsmcsm MunfhNyD ; xnfhxm;AsdKUaemf}

cdkif/ /]pd wfcsygAsm}

&Sm;/ /]udkif;? usKyfwdkU vufzuf&nf wpfcGufpD aomufzdkU tcsdef&S  dygao;w,f 0rf;aEG;atmif aomufvdkufMuOD;pd kUAsm}

7 em&DausmfcefUwGif uRefawmf wdkUvnf; yef;qdk;wef;qdyfurf;odk U qdkufa&muf MuavvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; armfawmfbkwfudk aocsmpGm MunfhNyD;aemuf

]eHab;u rD;pdrf;BuD;[m ykvdyfavSrSef ; odomvSw,f? xkwfypfvdkufAsm} [k ajymí ajymonftwdkif; vdkufem NyD;aemuf uRefawmf wdkU oHk;a,mufES ifh ykvdyfESpfa,mufwdkUvnf; armfawmfbkwfay: odkU wufMuav\/

 ¤if;aemuf armfawmfbkwf armif;orm;tm; armifpH&Sm;u

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]udkif; 'vbufudk armif;a[h} [k ajymojzifh armfawmfbk wf vnf ; xGufvmcJh av\/ ¤if;aemuf {&m0wDukrÜPD oabFmusif;odkU a&mufavvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; armfawmfbkwfudk tHhBuD;buf acsmif;0wGif &yfapö  rD;rsm;ud k Nidrf;apNyD;vQif Nidrf0yfpGm apmifhqdkif;vsuf &SdMuav\/

 xdkaeUonfum; vjynfhausmf 10 &ufjzpfojzihf vrxGufao;onfESifh wpfjrpfvHk ; arSmifrnf;vsuf &Sd&m wHkuif ;rsm; qGJaom oabFmi,fwdkUvnf; rD;wxdefxdefESifh jrpfaMumif;wpfavQmuf ul;oef;oGm;vmvsuf &SdMuav\/ xdktcg uRef  fawmfvnf; ysif;ysif;&S  donfESifh armifpH&Sm;tm;

]udkif;? udk pH&Sm;? cifAsm; ajc&mcHyHkuav; wpfqdwf ajymjyprf;ygOD;Asm}

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   35 

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 tifrwefowdESifhaeavawmh olUtoufjzKwfzdkU BuHvdk Uudk r&bl;cifAs? onfvdkESifhaewkef; wpfaeUoü ol  tonf; toef jzpfaew,fvdkUMum;a&m? Mum;vdkU olUtdrf0if;xJ reJBuHNyD; 0ifoGm;ygw,f? uRefawmfvJ a&mufua&m olvJ toufaysmufyga&mcifAsm? onfnu uRefawmf0ifNyD; tdrfaxmifrIypö nf ;awGbmawG arT aESmufNyD; &Smao;w,f? &SmaywJh rawGUbl;As? rawGUvdkU tavmif;rSm pmawmif uyfxm;ao;w,f? aemufawmh uRefawmf olUom;rsm; awGUavovm;vdk U owif;em;cHNyD;ae? olwdkUvJ rawGUbl ;wJh cifAs? awGUr,fhawGUawmh rsufESmMuufay:rSm oGm;NyD;

 awGUowJh? awGUaMumif;vJ uRefawmfMum;a&m? uRefawmfh wynfhESifh uRefawmfESihf ESpfa,muf oGm;wJ  hNyD; olUcg;rSm BudK;csnfvTwfvdkufw,f? wufoGm;vdkufwJhtaumif cifAsm? wu,fharsmufusaewmyJ? 'gESifh trdk;ay:u tayguf u olqif;? qif;awmh bd k;&GJ u uHqdk;csifawmh tcef;xJrSm &Sdae&Smwmudk ; cifAs? 'gESifh olUqdyfvl;jrm;ql;ESifh rIwfvdkufwm yGJjcif;NyD;&Smyga&m cifAsm? aemufNyD;awmhrS uRefawmfu jywif;aygufu olcsay;wJh BudK;ESifh wG,fNyD; wuf? wufvmawmh bdk;&GJ aoESifh&SmNyD? onfawmh rwwfEd kifygbl;vdkU aumifuav; em;o,f wpfcsufESpfcsuf ykwfNyD; oHaowåmudkcs? aomhudk  bdk;&GJtavmif;u ,l? ,lNyD; oHaowåmudk BudK;ESifh jywif;aygufu avQmcsNyD; uRefawmfqif;? qif;NyD; wynf  hausmfudk ajc&mvuf&m rusef&pfatmifvdk U jywif;wHcg; tydwfckdif;NyD; vmwJhvrf;u jyefqif;apcJhwmudk;? 'gygyJ cifAsm? r&Sif ;wm &S  d&if ar;ygawmh}

&Sm;/ /]onfuaeUn bmvkyf r,fvdkU armfawmfbkwfESifh ul;ovJ}

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   43 

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 armifausmfjrrSm xdktcgü ukd;wef ;pmar;yGJukd atmifjrifNyD; jzpfaomfvnf; pma&;pmcsD tp&Sdaom tpdk;& trIxrf; tvk yftudkifrsdK;ü vkyfudkif&ef rvdk vm;onfjzpfí zcif\ tvkyfjzpfaom yGJpm;vkyfief;udk qufvufvkyfudkifcJh&m armifausmfjronf ¤if;vkyfief;udkvnf ; rESpfoufonf jzpfaomaMumihf rnfodkUaom tvkyfrsdK;onf rdrd\ txHk0goemESifh avsmfnDonfudk a&G;cs,f&if 0wfaMu0wfukefrQomvQif qufvuf vkyfudkifvsuf &SdcJhav\/

 ,cka&;om;azmfjyvsuf&Sdaom nOfhtcgüum; OD;vluav; vifr,m;wdkUonf rdwfaqGwpfa,muf\ tvªr@myfodkU oGm;a&mufvnfywfcd kuf jzpfojzihf  orD;&nf;pm;ESpf a,muf wd kUonf ta&;BuD;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk wdk ifyifvsuf &Sdaeonf  h vu©PmESifh tdrfa&SUvomcef;wGif &SdaeMu&m

rdrdBuD;/ /]udkudkjruvJ? udkudkjr&,f zGifhajym&ifvJ ajymjyprf;yg&Sif? uRefrudk r,HkMunfEdkifvdkU pum;ukef rajymovm; udkudkjr&JU}

jr/ / (&nf ;pm;onf\ vufuav;udk ,k,Muifemaom trlt&mESifh udkifvsuf) ]ajymvdkU rawmfwJh pum;rdkU rajymbJ &Sdygw,f ESr&,f? udkudkUudk ,HkMunfvdkU&SdvQif ajymorQ pum;avmufESifh ,ck wif;wdrfNyD; aemufusawmh tjzpf tysuf tvHk ;pHkukd &Sif ;vif;NyD;jyygr,f ESr&,f}

BuD;/ / (EIwfcrf;plvsuf) ][ifhtif; oabmrusEdkifbl;? ajym&r,f? tck tukefajymjy&r,f}

jr/ /]cuf ygNyD ESr&,f? tck zGifhNyD; ajymvdk U&SdvQif udkudkUrSm tEå&m,fBuD; jzpfvdrfhr,f  ESr&JU? ukdif; onfavmuf ajym&if ESru auseyfygawmhuG,f}

BuD;/ /]uRefrwpfa,mufwnf; ajym½Hk ESifh udkudkUrSm toufqHk;½IH;zdkU &Sdw,fvm;}

jr/ /]toufqHk;½HI; wwfygw,f ESr&,f}

BuD;/ /]b,fvdk udpö¶rsm;ygvdrfh odcsifvdkufwm udkdukd&,f}

jr/ /]odcsdefwefawmh odygvdrfhr,f ESr&,f? onf;cHvdkufygOD;? udkif ; onf awmh ESru udkudkajymwJhtwdkif; ,ck wpfv ESpfv twGif;rSm udkudkrvmayr,fh pdwfrqdk ;ESifh? udkudkUtaMumif;udk b,folub,fvdkyif raumif;ajym aomfvnf; ESr r,HkMunf&pfESifhaemf}

BuD;/ /]uRefrwdkU tdrfudk ukdudk rvm&atmif b,foGm;rvdkUvJ udkudk&JU}

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   46

jr/ /]b,foGm;r,fvdkUvJ rajymEkdifbl; ESr}

BuD;/ /]EdkU olrsm;u raumif;ajym&atmif udkudku bmrsm; vkyfcJhvdkUvJ udk ud k&,f}

jr/ /]'gvnf; udkudk  rajymEkdifbl; ESr&,f? udkdukdUud k ,HkMunfvdkU&SdvQif tppt&m&mrSm rsufpdrdS wfNyD ; vHk;vHk;BuD; ,HkMunf&pfygawmh ESr&,f? a[m a':a':wdkU? OD;wdkU jyefvmMuNyD? oGm;NyD ESra&}

 ¤if;aemuf armifausmf jronf tdrfaemufavScg;rS vsif jrefpGm qif;í oGm;av&m rdrdBuD;rS m wm;qD;jcif;iSm rwwfEdkifbJ rsuf&nf0dkif;vsuf armifausmfjr oGm;&modkU arQmfMunfhum usef&pfav\/

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   47 

tcef; (2)

 armifausmf jronf rdrdBuD;wdkU\ tdrfrS qif;vmcJhí ausmufaoG;wef;vrf; wpfavQmuf vsifjrefpGm avQmufvmcJh&m jrif;&xm;wpfpD;udk awGUonfESifh  wufpD;NyD;vQif  jrif;&xm;orm;tm; "m;wef;&yfuGufodkU armif;ESifapav\/ aps;csdKawmf ajrmufbuf&Sd "m;wef;&yfuGufodkU a&mufaomtcg armifausmfjronf jrif;&xm;ukd &yfapö  &xm;cay;NyD;vQif tenf;i,f ajcusifavQmufNyD;aemuf wpfckaom wdkuftdkBuD;odkU a&mufí rdrdtm; olwpfyg;wdkU jrifavoavm[k awmifajrmuf av;yg;wdkUudk Munfh½INyD;vQif rd rd\ tdwfü ygaom aomhESifh wdkufwHcg;udk zGifh í wdkufwGif;odkU 0ifoGm;av\/

 twGif;odk U a&mufaomtcg armifausmfjronf wdkufwHcg;udk wzef ydwfNyD;aemuf rdrd\ tdwfxJü aqmif,lcJhaom vufESdyf"mwfrD;udk xkwfí xkd;Munhf&m avScg;ü aumif;rGef oyf,yfpGm 0wfqifvsuf ½kyf&nfoem;urm; &S  daom oli,fr wpfa,muf\ tavmif;onf acGvsuf &Sdaeonfudk awGUjrif&av\/ xkdtcg armifausmf jronf xdwfvefU tHhMoonfh  trlt&m tenf;rQ r&SdbJ EIwfcrf;udk udkufum olli,fr\ tavmif;udk Munf  h½I NyD;aemuf tavmif;ay:rSausmfí wdkufay: odkU avScg;rS wufoGm;av\/ ¤if;wdkuftdkBuD;üum; pm;yGJukvm;xdkif bD½dk rS pö  tawmftwef crf;em;oyf,yfaom tdrfaxmif ypönf ;wdkUjzifh jynfhESufvsuf &Sdaomfvnf; xkdtcsdeftcgü vlwpfOD ;wpfa,mufrQ r&SdbJ wdwfqdwfpGm &Sdaeav\/

 wdkufay: odkU a&mufaomtcg armifausmfjronf wpfckaom pma&;pm;yG  JodkU oGm;NyD;vQif tHqG  Jrsm;udk wpfckNyD;vQif wpfck qGJEkwfí twGif;ü &Sdaom t&m0wåKrsm;udk arTaESmufum &SmazG av\/ twGif;üum; aMomf'DrefpmcsKyf? wHqdyfawmfacgif;? "mwfyH k oHk;av;ck? pma&;puúLrsm; tp&Sdonfh ypö nf;wdkUudk awGUav&m armifausmfjronf wpfckpD wD;acgufum Munfhav\/ wpf ckaom tHqGJüum; vd kPfoH ygonfudk Mum;av&m armifausmfjronf ¤if;udk aocsmpGm pHkprf; Munfh½IonfwGif tzHk;wpfck yg&Sdonfudk  awGU&S  d&av\/ xkdtcg armifausmfjronf rdrdü toifhaqmif,lcJhaom vufeufrsm;ESifh  ¤if;tzHk ;ud k prf;oyfí zGifhav&m aemufqHk;ü tzHk;onf yGifhoGm;í twGif;üum; acgufvsuf&Sdaom puúLwpf&Gufudk awGU&Sdav\/ xdkpm&Gufudk jzefUí rD;a&mifwGif MunfhNyD;aomtcg armifausmfjronf pdwfauseyfonfh vu©PmESifh rdrd\ tusРtdwftwGif;od kU acgufxnfhí wdkuf\ tay:rS qif;rnf jyKav\/

 xdkaemufrS wpfzef tBuH&onfh vu©PmESihf armifausmfjronf pm;yGJ&Sd&modk U wHk Ujyefí vmNyD;vQif rdrd\ tdwfrS vufudkify0gudk xkwfNyD;aemuf rdrd udkifwG,fcJhorQaom t&m0wå KwdkUü rdrd\ vuf&m rxif&pfapjcif;iSg vufudkify0gES ifh aphiSatmif txyfxyf yGwfwdkufav\/ ¤if;aemuf armifausmfjronf vufESdyf"mwfrD;udk xdk;vsuf  avScg;rS qif;vmcJh&m oli,fr\ tavmif;teD ;odk U a&mufaomtcg MuufoD;xrdav\/ odk U&mwGif  pdwfudk wif;NyD;aemuf tavmif;\rsufESmud k rD;a&mifESifh wnfhwnfh xdk;vsuf twefMum MunfhNyDvQif OD;acgif;ud k&rf;vsuf oufjyif;csrdav\/ xkdaemuf armifausmfjronf wdkufay:rS aqmif,lvmcJhaom pm&G ufud k tusРtdwfrS xkwfNyD;aemuf oli,fr\ vufü xnfhNyD;vQif  wdkufatmufü aphiSatmif vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh xdk;í MunfhNyD;rS wdkufjyifodkUxGufí wHcg;udk  ydwfxm;cJh av\/ xdktcgüum; armifausmfjrrS m rdrd\ tBuHtpnf txajrmufavNyD[l aom rsufESmxm;rsdK;ESifh xGufvmcJh&m wdkuf atmufü vufESd yf"mwfrD;ESifh xdk;í MunfhpOftcgu wpfckaom AD½dktwGif;rS rdrdtm; acsmif;ajrmif; Munhf½Ivsuf  &Sdaom vlwpfa,mufudk awGUjrif&rl xdkodkUaom rsuf ESmxm;rsdK; &S  dEdkifrnf r[kwfacs/

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tcef; (3)

 txufyg tjcif;t&mwdkU jzpfysufNyD;onfhaemuf oH k;&ufajrmufaom aeUü armifausmfjronf ausmufaoG;wef;&yf&Sd rdrd\ aetdrfü t*Fvdyfowif ;pm wpfapmifudk zwf½Ivsuf&Sd&m atmufygtwd kif; awGU&Sd&av\/

m;wef;&y fü xl;qe f;aom vlow fr I jzp fy Gm; jci f;taMumi f ;

]&e fuke f Nr d K Ur S pyg;y G Jpm; BuD; O D; Mumñ Ge f Uon f rEåav ;Nr d K Uod k U tv nftywfq if;vmc J h&m m;we f;&y fwGi f

wd kufwpfvH k ;ud k acwåi Sm;&r f;aexd ki fc J honf jzp faMumif; ? ¤i f;y G Jpm; BuD;onf a& Tbd k Nr d K Uü udp öav;wpfc k

ay:aygufonfE Si f h wd kufud k y dwfxm;c J h Ny D ;vQi f acwåoGm;a&mufc J honf jzp fa Mumi f ; ? udp ö Ny D ;í ,re faeU

naeu a& Tbd kr S jye fvmaomtcg r dr d\ wd kufce f ;twGi f ; avScg;&i f ;ü opfvGi faom t0wftpm;rsm;ud k

0wfqi fvsuf touf 20 ausm ft& G,fce f U & S dí t½ky ft&nfE Si f h jynf hp H kaom oli,frwpfa,muf\

tavmi f;ud k awG U& S d&onf jzp fa Mumi f ; ? xd ktaMumi f ;ud k y kvdy fXmeod k U taMumi f ; Mum; Ny D ;aemuf y kvdy ft&m& S d

r sm;E Si f h twl rnfonf h yp önf;r sm; aysmufqH k ;ao;onfud k wd kufwGi f ;ü Munf h½ I Mu&m pm;y G Jt HqG Jr sm;ud k

ar TaE Smuf& Smaz Gxm;onf h txdr f;trSwfwd k Uud k awGU& S d&onf jzp faMumif; xk d U jyi f pm;y G Jt HqG Jü tHz H k ;twGi f;& S d

vQ d K U0 Sufí xm;c J haom puúLwp f& Gufr Smvnf; aysmufqH k ;vsuf& S d&m ¤i f ;puúLr Sm O D ; MumñGe f UomvQi f

toH k ;0i fí tjcm;olwd k Uü toH k ;rusonf jzp faomaMumi f h rnfod k Uaom olc d k ;onf rnfonf h tBuHtpnfE Si f h

¤i f;puúLud k c k d ;,lonfrsm;ud k rawG;awmEd ki fatmif & S daMumif; }

 þrQ zwfNyD;vQif

jr/ / (wpfa,mufwnf; pdwful;rdonfrSm) ]b,f  hES,fvJ? puúLudk oli,frvufrSm igñSyfNyD; xm;cJhygw,f? b,folu 0ifNyD; ,loG m;jyefygvdrhf? w,fusyfyguvm;}

 ¤if;aemuf qufvufí zwfjyefonfrSm

]O D ; MumñGe f Ua&mufvmaomtcgü wd kufwHcg;onf aumi f ;r Ge fp Gmy dwfqd k Uvsuf& S donf[k awGU jri f&onf

jzp faom aMumi f h oli,fronf wd kufwGi f ;od k U rnfonf henf;E Si f h 0i fa&mufí ¤i f ;tm; owfoGm;aomolonf

rnfonf henf;E Si f h xGufc Gmonfud k rawG;awmwwfE d ki fatmi f & S d&aMumi f ;/ oli,fr\ tavmi f;ud k ,c ktcg

aq;½H k BuD ;od k U y d k U Ny D ; Ny D jzp f&m q&m0e fr sm;u ¤i f ;oli,fronf 'Pf&m r& S dojzi f h rnfonf henf;E Si f h touf

qH k ;½ H I ;&onfud k tr Se f rajymE d ki fao;aomfvnf; aoG;½ d k ;om;½ d k ; jzi f h aoqH k ; jci f ; r[kwf ? olwp fyg; owfí

aoq H k;on frsm;r Sm , H kr Sm;z G,f&m r& S da Mumi f ; ? y kvdy ft&m& S dwd k Uonf xd koli,frr Sm rn folrnf0g jzp fon fud k

axmufvSr f;p H kpr f;vsufyi f & S daeMuaMumif; }

 owif;pmudk zwf½INyD;aemuf

jr/ / (wpfa,muf wnf ; jyKH;&,fvsuf) ]axmufvSrf;Muav axmufvSrf;Mu? b,fol b,f0g&,fvdkU rif;wdkU ay:atmif axmufvSrf;Ekdif&if axmufaywmaygh? udkif; wpfcgjzifh ig tBuH atmifaumif;yg&JUuG,f}

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   49 

tcef; (4)

 armifausmfjronf  rdrdBuD;ESifh xkdaeUnwGif awGUqHkNyD;onfhaemuf rdrdBuD ;wd kU\tdrf oGm;a&muf0ifxGufjcif;r&Sd  jzpfcJhav&m wpfaeUoü rdrdBuD;xHrS ta&;BuD;aom pmwpfapmifud k &&Sdav\/ ¤if;pmrSm ...

wdkifyifar;jref;&ef &Sdí uRefrwdkUtdrfodkU ,aeUn qufqufvmcJhyg udkudkjr/

] rdrdBuD; } 

 armifausmfjronf xkdpmudk&&Sdaomtcg oGm;&rnf roGm;&rnfudk twefMumatmif pOf;pm;NyD;aemuf aemufqHk;ü rnfonfhudpö ta&;BuD;aeonfudk od&SdvdkonfESifh t0wfrsm;vJ vS,fí rdrdBuD;tdrfodkU xGufvmcJhav\/ rdrdBuD;onf olwpfyg; rMum;apvd kaom pum;udk ajymvdkonf jzpfaomaMumifh rdbrsm; r&Sdonfh tcsdeftcgwGif rSmxm;vdkufjcif; jzpf&um; xkdnü armifausmfjr oGm;a&mufaomtcg ESpfa,mufwnf; pum;ajymcGif  h &cJhav\/ a&mufvQif a&mufjcif; rdrdBuD;onf armifausmfjrudk udpö  tBuD;tus,f wpfpH kwpf&m ray:aygufbJvsuf rdrdwdkU aetdrfodkU

 vrf;jzwfí xm;onfudk jypfwifpum; ajymMum;aomtcg armifausmfjru rdrd ,cifuyif wifBudKajymxm;aom pum;twdkif ; tjypfwif rapm&ef awmif;yef onfwGif rd rdBuD ;u ½kwf w&uf

BuD;/ /]uRefr wpfck ar;csifw,f? udkudk rSefrSef ajymrvm;}

jr/ /]ar;ygAsm? ajymwmaygh}

BuD;/ /]"m;wef;u OD;MumñGefU wnf;wJhwdkufrS m rdef;uav; wpfa,muf tavmif; awGUw,fqdkwm udkudkjr Mum;&ovm;}

jr/ /]owif;pmrSm zwfrdygw,f}

BuD;/ /]aool rdef;uav;[m b,folvJvdkU udkudkjr rodbl;vm;}jr/ / (tvGeftHhMoaomfvnf; rsufESmrysufapatmif [efaqmifvsuf) ]awmufwD; awmufwJh ESr&,f? bmqdkifvdkU udk udk od&rSmvJ}

BuD;/ / (rsufESmudk aphaph Munfhvsuf) ]wu,fhudk rodbl ;vm;}

jr/ /]BuHBuHpnfpnfAsm? b,fhES,faMumifh rqDrqd kif ar;ygvdrfh ES r&,f}

BuD;/ /]rqdkif qdkifqdkif? od rodudkom ajzprf;yg udkudkjr&,f}

jr/ / (&,farmvsuf) ]aeUcif; aeUvnf tdyfaysmfoGm;vdkU tdyfrufrufNyD ; ua,mifuwrf; ar;rdar;&m avQmufar;aeNyDrSwfw,f? "m;wef;u OD;MumñGefUwdkufrSm rdef;uav;wpfa,muf aowmESifh

 ausmufaoG;wef;rSmaewJh udkudkjrESifh bmqdkifvdkUvJ ESr&,f}

BuD;/ / (vufravQmhbJ) ]rodbl;ayghav}

jr/ / ajzzdk U vdkao;ovm; ESr&,f}

BuD;/ / twnfhtvif; ajzprf;yg udkudkjr&JU}

jr/ / (pdwfemaom trlt&mESifh) ]aeygOD; ESr&,f? b,folursm; udkudk UtaMumif; raumif;owif; b,fvdkrsm; ajymxm;vd kU udkudkUudk ar;cGef;awG bmawG xkwfae&wmvJ ESr&,f}

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BuD;/ /]uRefr ar;wmudk ajzygOD; udk ud kjr&JU}

jr/ /]wu,f ar;aewmvm;}

BuD;/ /]tdk wu,faygh udkudkjr&JU}

jr/ / (0rf;enf;aom trlt&mESifh) ]tHh Moyg&J U ESr&,f? udkudkUrSm tjcm; tvkyfawG rsm;vGef ;vdk U tcsdefr&Ekdif&wJh

 txJrSm ESru vmwJhNyD ; ppfvm; aq;vm; ar;vm; jref ;vm;ESifh vkyf&atmif udkudkowfw,f xifvdkU ar;aewmvm; ESr&,f} [k ajymavvQif rdrdBuD;rSm rdrdMum;aom owif;onf rrSefaom owif; jzpfacsrnfwum;/ igonf cspfvSaom &nf ;pm;tay:ü taMumif;rJh oufouf ouFmruif; jzpfrdacswum;[k 0rf;enf;aom trlt&mESifh rdrd\pum;udk EI wfodrf;NyD;vQif jyuf&,fjyKvdkaomoabmESifhar;jref;aMumif; ajymqdk&m tjcm;pum;wdkUudk qufvuf ajymqdkMuNyD;vQif ESpfOD; cGJcGmoGm;Muaom [lowwf/

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   51 

tcef; (5)

 tdrfodkU a&mufonfESifh wNydKifeuf armifausmfjronf pm;yGJü pm&Gufi,fwpfckudk awGU&Sdav&m ¤if ;rSm

]ta&;BuD;aom udpöwpfckESifh wdkifyif&ef vma&mufcJh&m rdwfaqGESifh rawGU&í 0rf;enf;aMumif;?

tm;vyfcJhygvQif eufjzef eHeuf jzpfap? nae jzpfap uRefawmf\aetdrfodkU tvnftywf vma&mufapvdk

ygaMumif;/

armifxGef;jrifh} 

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jrifh/ /]usDpm;NyD; ar;wmygAsm? pHkaxmuf tif pydwfawmf ud kbwifu onftaMumif;udk cifAsm; odvdrfhr,fvdkU xifaewJhtwGuf uRefawmfu odvdkodjim; vmNyD; pHkprf;jcif; jzpfygw,f? rodvdkU&Sd&ifvnf; aemufxyfNyD; ar;zdkU r&Sd ygbl;Asm} [k NyHK;&,fum ajymNyD;aemuf armifxGef;jrifhonf armifausmfjrudk EIwfqufí tdrfay:rS qif;oGm;av&m armifausmfjrrSm pdwfrauseyf aom rsufESmxm;ESif  h armifxGef;jrifhtm; rsufarSmifMuKwfum Munfhí usef&pfav\/

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tcef; (6)

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OD;MumñGefU} 

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 ¤if;aemuf rdrdBuD;onf rcif MunfESif  h aemufwpfBudrf xyfrH awGUqH kcJhonf jzpfu taMumif;rsm;udk ray:vQif ay:atmif xyfavmif;í ar;jref;OD;rnf[k tBuHjzpfonfESifh tdrf&Sif ta':BuD;tm; aus;Zl;wifpum; ajymMum;NyD;vQif rdrd\ aetdrfodkU jyefvmcJhav\/

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tcef;(10)

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   68

tcef; (11)

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   69 

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif  70

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif  71 

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jrifh/ /]b,fhES,f tusdK; r&SdovJAsm? 'Dtaumif u usKyfwdkU taMumif;udk wpfpHkwpf&m wyftyfaocsm rodaomfvnf; enf;enf ;yg;yg;awmh &dyfrdxm;wJh vu©Pm &Sdw,fAs/ 'Dawmhum ol&dyfrdwJh twdkif; oJvGefpudk avQmufNyD; vdkufr,fqdk&if usKyfwdkU [mawG ay:ukefrSm pdk;&w,f? ay:ukef&if cifAsm;wdkU usKyfwdkU b,fa&mufMurvJ} [k

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jrifh/ /]udkif; 'Dawmh 'Dtaumif aowJh twGuf usKyfwdkUrSm aiGyif  r&aomfwJh ? aus;Zl; tifrwef rsm;w,f r[kwfvm; As? 'DuaeU nawmh rvGJEdkifygbl; Asm? {uEÅ rdNyD;om;ygyJ}

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   83 

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 wpfaeUoü rlum; armifxGef;jrifhonf rd rdESifh BuHpnfbuf jzpfaom rtkef;pdeftm; &efukefrS a&mufvmaom yGJpm;BuD; OD;MumñG efUudk csLNrdKuf&ef tBuHtpnfESifh todtuRrf; zGJUay;aMumif;? ¤if; taMumif;udk rdrd od&Sdí ¤if;tm; owday;aom tcg OD;MumñG efUu r,HkrMunf &SdcJhaMumif;? odkU&mwG if OD;MumñGefUonf owd 0D&d,ESif  h aexdkifcJ  haMumif;? xdktawmtwGif ; rtkef ;pdefESifh OD;MumñG efU wkd Uonf  tawmf &if;ESD;aom tjzpfodkUwdkdif a&muf Muaomtcg OD;MumñGefUonf ¤if;wdkU\ tBuHtpnfudk r&dyfrda,mifaqmifí aecJhaMumif;? OD;MumñGefU r&Sdonf  h tcgü rdrdu ¤if;\ tdrfud k acsmif;ajrmif; apmifhMuyf cJh&aMumif;? OD;MumñGef U xGufoG m;NyD;aemuf oHk;&ufajrmufaomaeUü nOfU &Spfem&D tcsdefcefUwGif armifxGef;jrifhESifh armifbpdef wdkUonf OD;MumñGefU\ wdkufodkU

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   85 

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   86

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   97 

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   100

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&Sm;/ /]toufukefwm 8 em&Dxuf renf; &SdoGm;NyDAsdKU? aoyHkMunfh&wmawmh tqdyfaomufNyD; aowmESifhyJ wlw,f} [k ajymqdkvsuf &SdpOf a';Apfonf tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvdkufvmNyD ;vQif NiD;wGm;aom toHjzifh

]&SdMuao;&JUvm; cifAsm? atmifr,fav;Asm? tusdK;enf;ygNyD Asm? usKyfr,m; ao&SmygNyDvm; cifAsm} [k idkoHESifh ajymqdkvsuf&SdpOf tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azonf wk  dufay: odkU wufvmonfwGif armifpH&Sm;u rsuf&dyfjyvdkufonfESifh armiftkef;azonf a';Apf udk tcef;jyifodkU qGJiifí ac: oGm;av\/

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]b,fhES,f xifovJ udktkef;az}

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 ¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf tavmif;udk aocsmpGm Munfh½Ivsuf&SdpOf uRefawmfonf pm;yGJay:ü aq;ykvif;i,fwpfckudk awGUjrifojzifh aumuf,lMunfh½I&m q&m0efrsm; ay;avh&Sdaom tdyfaysmfaq;ykvif; jzpfaMumif; pmudk jrifojzif  h od&S  d&av\/ ykvif;twGif;üum; aq;&nf wpfpufESpfpuf rQomvQif usef&Sdavawmh\/ uRefawmf onf xdktaMumif;udk armiftkef;aztm; ajymjy&m armiftkef;azonf aq;ykvif;udk

 ud kifwG,f erf;½Iyf Munfh½INyD;aemuf]aq;rSmawmh bdef;ygw,fAsdKU? odkUaomf onfaq; wpfykvif;udk tukefaomufapumrl touf aoEdkif avmuf atmifawmh &Sdr,f rxifbl ;? aeOD;Asm NyD;rS q&mUudk jyprf;&atmif}

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   101 

 xdkcPü armifpH&Sm;u ]tvdk ...} [k  thHMoavmufaom vu©PmESifh vTwfceJ ajymqdkvdkufonfudk uRefawmfwdkU Mum;&ojzifh ¤if;&Sd&modkU Munfhvdkuf&m armifpH&Sm;onf tavmif;\ vuf0Jbuf aygifwGif tyfxdk;&muJhodkU &Sdaeaom 'Pf&muav; wpfckudk Munfh ½Ivsuf &SdaMumif; awGUjrifMu&av\/

&Sm;/ /]MunfhvSnfhprf;MuAsd KU ? onf[m cifAsm;wdkU b,fvdkxifovJ}

az/ /]aq;xdk;wJh t&mrsm;vm; q&m}&Sm;/ /]tppfyJ? a[m'guaum bmvJ od&JUvm;} [k ajymvsuf armifpH &Sm;onf  tvGefw&m ao;i,fvSaom aiGcsnfjr§ifuav; wpfckudk uRef awmfwdkUtm; jyav&m armif tkef;azonf ¤if;ud k udk ifMunfhí

az/ /]odNyD q&ma&U? aq;xdk;wJh tcgrSm >yefudk tnpftaMu;rsm; rydwfrqdkU&atmif wwfNyD;xm;wJh aiGcsnfjr§ifeJU wlw,f q&ma&U}

&Sm;/ /]tppfyJ? aq;xdk;wJh >yefaum &SmMuprf ; ? awGUMu&JUvm;}

uRefawmf/ /]rawGUygbl; cifAsm}

&Sm;/ /]udk,fhaq;udk udk,fxdk;vdkU &Sd&if >yefud k tcef ;xJrSm awGU&r,f r[kwfbl;vm;Asm? usKyfxifwJh twdkif;ygyJ?

 onftrI[m ½dk;½dk;trIuav; jzpfr,fvdkvkdESifh r½dk;vSbl;Asmh? awmfawmfuav; xl;qef;w,f}

 ¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf  tcef;wGif;&Sd Murf;ay: pm;yJGay: ponfwdkUü aocsmpGm rSefbDvl;ESifh Munfh½Ijyef&m ckwifatmufü wHpOf;i,fwpfckudk vnf;aumif;? Murf;ay:ü zefuJGuJ  hodkU tenf;i,fudk vnf;aumif; awGU&Sd&av\/

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&Sm;/ /]onftwkdif;ygyJ? >yefvJrawG Ubl;? aq;ykvif ;vJ rawGUbl;? onfawmhum; udk,fhudk,fudk owfjcif; r[kwf ...}

uRefawmf/ /]pm;yG  Jay:rSm aq;ykvif ;awmh awGUw,fAsdKU}

&Sm;/ /]rSef;prf; Munfh&atmif}

 uRefawmfonf aq;ykvif;udk armifpH&Sm;tm; jyojzifh armifpH&Sm;onf  ykvif;wGif &Sdaom aq;&nf tenf;i,fudk vuf0g;ay:ü oGefcsí erf;½IyfMunfh½INyD;aemuf 

&Sm;/ /]onf aq;ykvif;u wjcm;yJ ? bdef;ygwJh tdyfaysmfaq;uyJ? onf[mu wpfykvif;vHk; aomufvdkU

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az/ /]aoG;pufuaum q&m}

&Sm;/ /]aq;ykvif;udk zG ifh&mrSm aMumuftm;vefUtm;ESifh ysm,D;ysm,m zGifhavawm h ykvif;uGJu vufudk &SNyD; vufuaoG;u *g0efrSm vl;wmayghAsm}

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   102

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az/ /]uRefawmfjzifh a';Apfudk rouFmbl; q&m}

&Sm;/ /]bmaMumifh...}

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az/ /]b,f  hES,faMumifhvJ q&m}

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az/ /]ol vJ vHk;vHk;awmh ruif;bl;aygh q&m}

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 uRefawmfwdkUonf aemufaz;jywif;aygufrS tcef;wGif;odkU jyefí 0ifvmMupOf ykvdyft&m&Sd  wpfa,mufonf wkdufay: odkU wufvmí armiftkef;az apvTwf onfh twkdif; oGm;a&mufpHkprf;&m ,aeUeHeufapmapmu rpö wm a';ApfxH pmwpfapmifudk  pmydkUukvm;u oGm;a&mufay;ydkU&onf[k xGufqdkaMumif;? rpö ufa';Apf \ toufudkvJ tdk&D,efw,f touftmrcH ukrÜPDwG if 5000 usyfESifh aygifxm;aMumif;udk pHkprf;od&SdcJh&aMumif;ESifh ajymqdkav\/

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&Sm;/ /]rSefygw,fAsm ? odkUaomf onftrIu awmfawmf  euf eufeJeJ qifNyD;xm;wJh trIESifhwlw,f? tckawmh usKyfwdkU bm&,fvdkU aoaocsmcsmBuD; rawG;awmEkdifatmif &S  daeao;w,f? odkUaomfvJ onfavmuf ajc&mcHrdrSawmh vufonfay:bdk U rcJ,Of;ygbl; xifyg&JUAsm? udkif ; udktkef;az tavmif;udk aq;½Hk ydk UNyD; a';ApfudkvJ oloG m;csif&m oG m;ygap? olUudk apmif  hMuyfNyD; MunfhzdkUawmh usKyfudk,fwkdif pDrHr,fAsdKU? udkif; usKyfwdkU jyefOD ;r,fAsm? taMumif;xl;&if usKyf td rfudk vmcJhayawmh}

 aetdrfodkU a&mufMuvQif armifpH&Sm;onf ,cifu awmif;,lxm;vdkufaom pmESifh aowrf;pmud k aocsmpGm Munfh½INyD;aemuf

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uRefawmf/ / (cdkif;aponfhtwdkif; Munfh½INyD;aemuf)]ay;pmrSm yxrtyd kif;u uavmifoGm;wpfrsdK;? usefwJh tydkif;ESifh aowrf;pmu uavmifoGm;wpfrsdK; r[kwfvm; cifAsm}

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   103 

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&Sm;/ /]'kwd,tydkif;ESifh aowrf;pmuawmh azmifwdefESifh a&;wmESifh wlw,f? rifvdkufyHk Munfhprf; ? wpfcgwnf; nDnDnmnm rifvdkufw,f r[kwfvm;}

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uRefawmf/ /][kwfvdrfhr,fAsdKU}

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 [k  ajymí armifpH&S m;onf wdkufay:rS qif;oGm;avvQif uRefawmfonf ¤if;trIESif  h pyfvsOf;í wpfa,mufwnf; qufvufpdwful;um &Sdae&pfcJhav\/

 xdkaeUnae armifpH&Sm; jyefvmojzifh  xyf avmif; od&Sd&onfrSm aovGefol rpö ufa';Apfonf  a';ApfESifh vufrxyfrDu qif;&J  EGrf;yg;aMumif;? ¤if;\ toufudk taygifxm;onf rSm wpfESpfausmfausmf cefUrQ &Sd aMumif ;? ¤if;aemuf a';ApfESifh roifhrwifh jzpfMuí uGJuGm aexdkifMuNyD;aemuf rsm;rMumrDtwGif; OD;av;wpfa,muf\ tarGypö nf; oHk;aomif;ausmfcefUrQ &&SdaMumif;? ckwifteD;ü awGU&Sdaom aq;ykvif ;rSm 'gv[kdZDvrf;(,ck r[mAE¨ Kvvrf;&d  S aq;qdkifwpfqkdfifodkU ,ref aeUu t&yfjrifhjrifh EIwfcrf;arG; aumif;aumif;ESifh bd kvdk0wfaom vlwpfa,muf vmí 0,f,laMumif ;? tavmif;udk &ifcGJ½Hkü cGJíMunfh½Ionfhtcg q&m0efu tpmtdrfü

 tdyfaysmfaq;rsm; awGU&Sdaomfvnf; ¤if;rdef;r aoqHk;jcif;rSm xdktdyfaysmfaq;aMumifh r[k wf? aoG;aMumrsm;ü tqdyfudk >ywfESifh xdk;oGif;aomaMumifh  toufaoqHk;jcif; jzpfaMumif ;ESifh q&m0efu xGufqdkonf [k uRefawmf  htm; jyefajymif; ajymjyav\/

uRefawmf/ /]aq;vm0,fwmu t&yfjrifhjrifh vd kUajymygw,f? a';Apfu t&yf vJ rjrifhyguvm;As}

&Sm;/ /]a';Apf0,fwm r[kwfvdkUayghAsm? onftrIrSm onfhjyifvl wpfa,muf &Sdao;w,fvdkU usKyfu tpuwnf;u rajymbl;vm;? udkif; odkUaomf udktkef;azwdkUqD oGm;NyD; vnfMuOD;pd kUAsm? vdkufOD;rvm;}

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a&TOa'gi f ;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   104

uRefawmf/ /]vkdufwmayghAsm}

 uRefawmfwd kUonf armiftkef;az&Sd&m XmemodkU a&mufMuojzifh trItaMumif;ES ifh ywfouf&m wk  difyifESD;aESmvsuf &SdMupOf

az/ /]ae&musvdkufwm q&m}

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az/ /]a';ApfESifh oG m;azmfvkyfzuf vkyfwJh tDZ&mqdk wJ  h &[l'Dukvm;[m t&yfjrifhjrihf EIwfcrf;arG;aumif;aumif;yJ q&ma&U}

&Sm;/ /]aMomf axmufvSrf;rdNyDvm;? onfhjyifaum b,fol ygao;ovJ}

az/ /]tJ'D tDZ&mESifh twlwl? 'guawmh a&bufum qdkwJ  h ukvm;rwpfa,muf &Sdw,f q&m? owif;&yHkuawmh olwdkUESpfa,mufu a';Apfudk ajr§muf pm; aew,fvdkU Mum;w,f}

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az/ /]pdwfcsyg q&m}

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az/ /]pHkaxmufwkef;ygyJ}

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tu s dK ;taMumi f ; ajymjyygrnf/

rpöufa';Apf

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   105 

r/ /][kwfygw,f}

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   122

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   123 

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&Sm;/ /]a':ESif;jr aoyHktaMumif; pyfvsOf;í bmrsm;ajymzdkU &SdygovJ}

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   124

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   125 

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   129 

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   130

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 acgif;udk ajray: odkU csNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf acgif;zHk;ü pkyfxm;aom 0uftlrsm;udk 0uftlvSnfhjzifh vSnfhí zGifh&m 0uftlwpfacsmif ;udk zGifhrd yifvQif ykyfa[mifaom teHUwdkUonf acgif;twGif;rS axmif;ceJ xGufvmonf jzpfí wpfpHkwpfa,muf\ tavmif;yg&SdaMumif;udk  od&SdMu&av\/ 0uftlwpf acsmif;NyD; wpfacsmif; zGifhavav? ykyf pyfaom teHUwdkUonf wdk ;íwdk;í vmavav &SdcJh&m uRefawmfwdkUrSm vufud kifyk0grsm;jzif  h ESmacgif;yg;pyfwd kUudk vHkNcHKatmif Muyfwnf;pGm pnf;Mu&av\/

 aemufqHk;0uftl  zGifhNyD;aomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf acgif ;udk acgif ;&if;zufodkU wGef;z,fí vufESdyf"mwfrD;jzifh xdk;Munfhaomtcg ESpfa,mufom;wdkUrSm tHhMopGmESifh ai;vsuf&SdaeMu&av\/ uRefawmfwdkU\ xifjrifcsufrSm xk  dtavmif;onf OD;ay:odk if;\ tavmif; r[kwf[k aumif;aumif;BuD; awG;xifMuNyD; jzpf&m uRefawmfwdkU jrifMu&aom tavmif;rSm q,f&ufcefUMumNyD jzpfí ykyf&dvsuf &Sdaomfvnf; ESmacgif;cRefjcif;? rsufcHk;wkwfjcif;? yg;pyf NyJjcif;? em;&Gufum;jcif; tp&S  daom tjcif;t&mwdkUudk xif&Sm;pGm awGUjrif&onf jzpfaomaMumifh OD;ay:odkif;\ tavmif ;ppfppf jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&av\/

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 aMumuf&GHUjcif; uif;vsuf&Sd&mrS ,ckwpfzef OD;ay:odkif; trSefwu,f aoqHk;aMumif; od&Sd&NyD;aemuf xdktoHrsm;ud k Mum;&½H krQESifh ,refnOfUu tjzpftysuf rsm;ESifh wuG wpfawmifausmf cefUrQaom ajc&mBuD;udk owd&NyD;vQif MuufoD;rsm; x acgif;rsm;BuD;í cwfwa&mfaom udk,f&Sdí zsOf;ceJ jzpf oGm;av\/ armifpH&Sm; vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh toHMum;&mudk xdk;Munfh&m rnfonfht&mrQ rjrif t½dk;tdk ;a[mif;rsm;ud k omvQif awGUMu&av\/

 xkdUaemuf 0uftlrsm;udk qufvufydwfMuNyD ;vQif NyD;pD ;onfESifh wpfNyd Kifeuf oHwHcg;udk zGifhí armifpH&Sm;u acgif;udk ae&mü jyefí rxm;ao;rD *ltwGif;odk U vufESdyf"mwf rD;jzifh xdk;í Munf  hvk  duf&m ]tvkd w,fae&musyguvm;? MunfhvSnfhprf ;AsdKU udkodef;armif} [k ac:iifojzif  h uRefawmfvnf; ¤if;\ aemufrS wGif;xJodkU qif;vkdufav\/

 *ltwGif;ü wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom olu csJUxGifxm;onf  jzpfí tawmfyifus,f0ef;vsuf &Sd&m atmufodkUvnf; OrifvIdPfacgif;ozG,f wl;í xm;av\/ armifpH&S m;vnf; "mwfrD ;udk udkifvsuf a&SUrS oGm;í

 uRefawmfvnf;aemufrS vkdufNyD;vQif vdI  dPfacgif;udk MunfhaeMuqJwGif  tjyifrS acsmif;ueJ toHwpfckudk Mum;&NyD;aemuf oHwHcg;vnf; ydwfoGm;av\/ ¤if;aemuf aomhcavmufud k tjyifrS ydwfvkdufonfh toHudk Mum;Mu&av\/

 uRefawmfrSm wHcg;ESifh teD;qHk ; &S  daeonfjzpfí wtm;wGef;í zGifhygaomfvnf; ryGifhbJ &Sd&m armifpH&Sm; udk,fwkdifu ulnDí ESpf a,mufom; wGef ;Muygaomfvnf ; tenf;i,f rQ vIyf&Sm; a&GUvsm;jcif ; r&SdbJ NrJckdkifpGJNrJpGm &Sdaeav\/

&Sm;/ /]udkif ; wpfcgjzifh *lxJrSm ydwfNyD;om; jzpfaeNyD? reufvif;rS &Gmu zGifh ay;rSyJ xGufMu&awmh rSmyJ Asd KU}

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uRefawmf/ /]r[kwfbl ;Asm? vlvmNyD; ydwfovm;? wapä vmNyD; ydwfovm; ar;ygw,f}

&Sm;/ /]vlpifppfyg udkodef;armif? wapär[kwfygbl;? udkif; udkif; rxGufEdkifr,fh twlwl vdkkPf acgif;xJudk pHkprf;MutHk;pdkUAsm}

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 ¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh atmufodkU oGm;aom tacgif;udk xkd;í MunfhonfwGif vlwpfa,muf acsmifcsdpGm ykef;atmif;í aeEkdifaom ae&mvyfwpfckud k awGUonfhtjyif "mwfyHkwpfckESifh pmtdyfav;ig;vHk;udk awGU&Sd&av\/

 armifpH &Sm;onf "mwf yHkudk ,líMunfh&m rdef;rwpf a,mufonf uav;ESpfa,mufudk 'l;wpfbufwpfcsufwGif wif í ½dkufxm;aom yHkjzpfaMumif; awGU&SdMu&av\/ armifpH&Sm;onf "mwfyHkudk twefMumatmif pkdufí MunfhNyD;aemuf]atmifr,fav; tckrS &dyfrdawmhw,fAsm } [k ajymí uRefawmfu ]bmrsm; &dyfrd wmvJ Asm} [k ar;aomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf rdef;r"mwfyHkudk qHxHk;a&m udk,fyg vufjzifh uG,fNyD;vQif rsufvHk; rsufcHk;wkdUud kom ay:apvsuf

&Sm;/ /]udkif; Munfhprf;? b,folESifh wlovJ}

uRefawmf/ /]OD;ay:odkif; "mwfyHk ESifh wlw,fAsdKU? rdef;rvkd 0wfNyD; ½kdufxm;wmvm;}

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uRefawmf/ /]aMomf &dyfrdNyDAsdKU? 'gjzifh ck eifu tavmif ;u OD;ay:odkif; tavmif; tppfr[kwf? olESifh nDtpfudk

 trTmarG;ayghAsm}

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uRefawmf/ /]ckrSyJ &Sif ;ayawmhw,fAsm? 'gjzifh OD ;ay:odkif ;udk &SmzdkU &Sdawmhwmyav}

&Sm;/ /]wHcg;udk tjyifu ydwfwm olayghAsm? reufvif;vdkU &Gmu usKyfwkdUudk vkduf&S m&if awmfyg&JU? rawmfvdkUrsm; OD;ay:od kif; udk aMumuf wmESif  h okomefudk rvm0HhbJ &SdaeMu&if usKyfwdkUawmh rGwfwmayghAsm}

uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm;ES,fAsm? aMumuf&wJh txJrSm rvSefUprf;ygeJUAsm}

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&Sm;/ /]usKyfwkdUyg}

toH/ /]usKyfwkdU qkdwm b,folvJ}

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

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 ¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf &GmolBuD;tdrfodkU a&mufoGm;MuNyD;vQif armifpH &Sm;onf ,refnOfUu *lwGif ;rS  awGUcJhaom pmrsm;udk zwfMunfh&m ¤if;wkdUrSm OD;ay:odkif; xH ¤if;\ nDtpfudk awmfol OD;oHcJ  ay;vkdufaom pmrsm;jzpfaMumif;? vu©PmrSm OD;oHcJ qkdolonf &mZ0wfjypfrIjzpfí 0g;&rf;ajy;vsuf&SdpOf OD;ay:od kif; u pm;&dwf axmuf&aMumif;? ¤if;xHodkUvnf; rMumrMum vma&muf í aMu;aiGrsm; ñSOf;avh&SdaMumif;? OD;ay:odkif;u ray;Ekdif[k jiif;qefaomtcg twif;t"r®awmif;cH[ef &SdaMumif;rsm;ud k ¤if;pmrsm;udk zwfjcif;tm;jzifh &dyfrdEkdifay\/

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&Sm;/ /]wapär[kwfygbl; AsmwkdU? OD;ay:odkif; pifppfyg? b,fhES,fvJ OD;ay:odkif; tvG,fwulESif  h tzrf;cHrvm;? rD;½dIUNyD; owf&rvm;}

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NyD;ygNyD/

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   165 

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   171 

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   173 

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NrdKif/ / (idkoHygESifh) ]r[kwf&yg}

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 rsufESmxm;ES ifh &Sdaeav\/

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&Sm;/ /]onfvkdAs? ajcmufvHk;jyL;udk udkifNyD; tdrfay:u qif;vmwkef;uawmh armifxGef;pdefudk awGUvQif ypfowfcsif ypfowfzdkUyJ ? odkUaomfvJ tdrfatmufa&mufawmh armifxGef;pdefu r&S  dESif  hbl; [k wfp}

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&Sm;/ /]r&bl; qkdayrJh tcsnf;ESD;awmh r[kwfao;bl;AsdKU}

uRefawmf/ /]b,fuvJAs? armifxGef;pdefqDuvm;}

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 xkd tcg uRefawmfonf pD;u&ufbl;\ ausmbufudk vSnfhMunfh&m touftmrcHukrÜPD\ trnfESifh wuG pHkaxmufBuD; OD;pH&Sm;tm; aus;Zl;wif pum;rsm; yg&Sdonfudk awG Ujrif&avownf;/

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11/  w½kwfujym;rav; rusifNrdKiftrI

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&Sm;/ /]a[hvl oHvufoD; qkdwm rif; r[kwf vm;? rifh awG Ucsifwm MumvS NyD}

xkdol/ /]tppfyJ q&m? onfoHvufoD;ESifh rsufESmaygif ; b,fESpfck pkwfatmif xkd;cJhNyD qkdwm Mum;zl ;&JU r[kwfvm;? cif Asm;vJ rsufES muav; acsmacsmarGUarGU tay:rSm trm&GwfawG r&csif&if owdxm;vkdufyg}

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   179 

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uRefawmf/ /]aeygOD;Asm? bmaMumifh cifAsm;ud k olwkdU vmajcmuf&wmvJ}

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uRefawmf/ /]bmrIvJ cifAsm}

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&Sm;/ /]trdefU&Sdyg cifAsm}

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   181 

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   182

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cif/ /][J  h [Jh}

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   183 

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&Sm;/ /]udkodef;armif w,fNyD; ÓPf&Tifaeyguvm;? udkif; a': pdefcif ? rMumrD twGif;u bmypö nf;rsm; a&mufovJ}

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&Sm;/ /]aowåmrSm wHqdyf awG uyfvkdUyguvm;? b,fu a&mufvmwJh aowåmawGvJ a': pdefcif]

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&Sm;/ /]Ekd U 'gESifh ckwpfavmrSm ypö nf;awG b,furS ra&mufbl;qdk? 'DtxJrSm tzkd;wef ypö nf;rsm; ygcsifygr,f? zGifhMunfhNyD;yvm;}

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   184

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&Sm;/ /]vufjyefBudK;csnf NyD ; a&xJcsvkdY BudK;yGef;wJh 'Pf&mESifh wlw,f}

uRefawmf/ /][kwfNyD AsdKU? odkYaomf onfae&mrSm owfNyD; b,hf ES,faMumifh [kdae&m ajymif;xm;&ovJAs}

&Sm;/ /]owfwJhvlrsm;[m a&uefteD;rSm aeavawmh udk,fhtdrfem;rSm udk,fowfwJhtavmif;BuD ; &S  daevQif &dyfrdrSm pkd;avawmh a&TUxm;vkdufwmayghAsm}

uRefawmf/ /]wefawmhAsd KU? ckwifu 0rf;bJwifwJh avmf&DESifh tavmif;ud k wif,l oGm;NyD; [kdu a&uefrSm ypfcsxm;cJh[ef wlw,f}

&Sm;/ /]tppfayghAsm}uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh owfwJhvl[m ckwifu aygufazmf BuD;rsm;aygh}

&Sm;/ /]olwkdY vlpk jzpf&r,f}

uRefawmf/ /]b,ftwGuf owfovJAsm}

&Sm;/ /]OD;omatmifuvJ ,pfrsdK;t&m&Sd? w½kwfqkdwJh vlrsdK;uvJ ,pfrsdK;rygbJ ukeful ;wwfwJhvlrsd K; r[kwf? acguf qGJqk  difuav; zGifh&ifvJ t&uf cef;ESifh bdef;cef;ESif  h? bmvkyfvkyf bdef;wif;uaZmf  avSmfZm t&uf rygbJ vlwwfwJh vlpk r[kwfbl;? onfawmh  OD ;omatmif u rMumrMumvmNyD; arTaESmufpHkaxmuf? onfawmh &efol jzpfvmMuwm ayghAsm? 'gESif  h 'Dvl ao&if wpfjynf at;w,f qkdNyD; okwfoifvkdufMu[ef wlw,f?

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   215 

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az/ /  ]onfvdk q&m&JY? ol wd kYu awmfawmf vlpkvla0;aumif;w,f? jrefrmjynfxJrSmawmif ur,frxifbl;? tdE´d,jynf? jyifopf jynfxJrSmawmif olwdkYvlawG&Sd[efwlw,f? onfawmYolwdkYu onfjynfu cdk;jyD ; onfrSmwGif ra&mif;bJ  wjcm;jynfudk wifydk Yvdkuf[efwlw,f? 'gaMumifU onfavmufMumatmif uRefawmfwdkY ajc&mcHvdkY rawGYEdkifwmaygY q&m}

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 ¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdYonf Oa&mywkdufom; xHk;pHtwkdif ; aumif;pGm wnfcif;auR;arG;aom pm;p&mrsm;udk Nrdef&SufpGm pm;aomufMuNyD;aemuf aq;jyif;vdyf udk,fpDñSdvsuf pnf;pdrf&Sdaom Budrfukvm;xkdifBuD;rsm; ay:ü ajymif;a&TUí xkdifrdMuaomtcg

av;/ /]trIuawmh aiGig;axmifrIrkdYvkdY rsm;rsm;pm;pm;awmh r[kwfbl;armif? odkYaomf aiGig;axmifxuf ukrÜPD emrnf ysufrSmu omNyD; ta&;BuD;aew,f}

&Sm;/ /]tpu ajymygAsm}

av;/ /]uREkfyfxifjrifcsuf rSmawmh 'D trI[m udk,fhudk,fudk owfwJh trI ppfpifyJ armifpH &Sm;}

&Sm;/ /]b,folvJAsmh b,folowfwmvJ}

av;/ /]yJcl;u &mZ0wf 0ef uav; armifbaomif;av}

&Sm;/ /]aMomf owif;pmxJrawmh awGUvkdufrdoAsdKU? rdef;r&wmvJ rMumao;bl; qkdw,f rSwfw,f? b,fvkd taMumif;aMumifh ukd,fhudk,fudk owfwmwJhvJAsm}

av;/ /]aiGrIaygh armifpH&Sm;? armifbaomif;u jrif;yGJuav;vJ 0goemygw,fqkd xifyg&JU? paetywfwkdif;vJ

 &efukef vmvmNyD; jrif;avmif;avawmh awmfawmfyJ ½ I  H;w,fvkdY Mum;w,f? raocif wpfvavmufuyJ olUtouf tmrcH ay:vpDudk taygif jyKNyD; uREfkyfwkdYukrÜPDu aiGacs;zkdY pma&;xm;ao;w,f}

&Sm;/ /]olao&if olUtouf twGuf tmrcHaiGudk b,folUay;zkdY rS mxm;ovJ}

av;/ /]olUr,m;udk ay;zkdU ay:vpDrSm jyxm;w,f? olUr,m;uvJ armifpH &Sm;odwJhtwkdif; udk,fhudk,fudk owfNyD;aow,f qkd&if uREfkyfwk  dY ukrÜPDxHrS  aiGig;axmif r&rSm pdk;avawmh b,fenf;ESifhrS udk,fhudk,fukd owfaowm r[kwfEkdifbl;vkdY ajymaew,f armifpH&Sm;&JU}

&Sm;/ / (twefi,f pOf;pm; pdwful;NyD;aemuf) ]cifAsm; xifjrifcsufu armif baomif;[m ta<u;awGrsm;wJh twGuf pdwfnpf NyD; udk,fhukd,fudk aoewfESifh ypfowfw,f? ypfowfpOftcguvJ ,if ;odkY jyKjcif;tm;jzihf touftmrcHukrÜ PDu olUr,m; aiGig;axmif r&bl;qkdwm rpOf;pm;rdbl; ? 'Dvkd xifw,fvm;}

av;/ /]uREkfyf odorQrSmawmh armifbaomif;[m vlyg;vleyf wpfa,mufyJ? odkYaomfvJ pdwfnpfvGef;tm;BuD;awmh jyKrdjyK&m jyKrdwJh twGuf 'D tcsufudk rpOf;pm;rdbl ; xifw,f? tavmif;udk awGUawmh ol Utdrf 0if;axmifh teD; anmifyifBuD;atmufrSm vufsmbufem;xifrSm aoewf'Pf &mESif  h awGUw,f? tem;rS mvJ oludkifwJh ajcmufvHk;jyL; aoewfudk awGUw,f}

&Sm;/ /]tJ'gaMumifh  ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm;&JU xifjrifcsufuvJ  udk,fhudk,fudk owfaojcif; jzpfw,fvkdYyJ xifw,f r[kwfvm;}

av;/ /]rSefygw,f? ykvdyfuvJ 'DvkdyJ xifw,f? uREkfyfwkdYuvJ 'DvkdyJ xifw,f? odkYaomf armifbaomif;&JU usef&pfwJh rdef;ru ud k,fhudk,fudk owfjcif; r[kwfbl;vkdY aiGig;axmif awmif;cHcJhvk  dY &Sd&if uREk  fyfwkdY ukrÜPDu

 ray;bJ aezkd UvJ tcuf ay;zkdUvJ tcuf jzpfaew,f}&Sm;/ /]b,fhES,faMumifhvJAsm}

av;/ /]ay;jyefvkdY &Sd&ifvJ ukd,fhudk,fudk owfwm rSef&ufESifh  'DaiGudk xkwfay;zkdY&m enf;vrf; pnf;urf; rus&m a&mufaew,fAs? tu,fí ray;jyefbl; qkd&ifvJ ukrÜPDrSm emrnfysufrSmudkvJ pdk ;&drf&w,f? tJ'gaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYu udk,fhudk,fudk owfaojcif; [kwfr[kwfudk  armifpH&Sm; pHkaxmufNyD; xifjrifcsuf ay;apcsifw,f? uRefkyfwkdY oabmrSmawmh aiGig;axmifudk ay;csifay;&ygap? enf;vrf;usewmudkom tvkd&Sdygw,f? emrnfvJ rysufcsifygbl;}

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 xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;rS m þtrIESifh ywfoufí ¤if;udk,fwkdif tawmftwef axmufvSrf; pH kprf;NyD;onfh vu©PmESifh

&Sm;/ /]armifbaomif ;[m udk,fhudk,fudk owf aow,f vkd Y uRefawmf rxifbl; rpfpwm bmuav;? bmaMumifhvJ qkdawmh olESifhvJ awmfawmfwefwef oduRrf;zl ;w,f? 'Dvkd trIrsdK;udk  jyKr,fh vlwpfa,muf r[kwfbl;? 'DhjyifwpfcsufuvJ olUr,m;udk tifrwef ES pfoufjrwfEkd;wJ  h vlwpfa,muf jzpfavawmh a<u;xlvkdY qif;&J&wJh tay:rSm touftmrcH twGuf aiGig;axmifudkvnf ; r&aybl;qkdawmh olUr,m;rSm yifyef;qif;&J jzpf&pfvdrfhr,f qkdwm rkcs olpOf;pm;rdvdrf  hr,f}

av;/ /]cifAsm;[mu awG;csufyJ &S  dao;wmyJ? tjzpftysufudk aoaocsmcsm ppfppfaygufaygufvJ MunfhOD;rSayghAs}

&Sm;/ /]MunfhNyDvm;Asm? uRefawmfhavmuf ppfaygufwJh taumif b,frSm &SdOD;rvJ? armifbaomif;\ tavmif;udk ppf aq;Munfh ½IpOftcgu ykvdyft&m&S  drsm; &Sef;oGm;wJh tcsuf wpfcsuf &Sdw,f As}

av;/ /]bmvJAsm}

&Sm;/ /]aoewfrSefwJh  vufsmbufem;xifrSm ta&jym;avmifuRrf;jcif; r&SdwJhtaMumif;ukd xkwfazmfNyD; a&;awmh a&;w,f? a&;ayr,fh 'Dtcsufudk aumif;aumif;ta&;,lwJh vu©Pm r&Sdbl;}

av;/ /][kwfw,f armifpH&Sm;? 'D[mudk olwkdY ta&;r,lbl;}&Sm;/ /]rpö wmbmuav;vnf ; pOf;pm;Munfhav? udk,fhaoewf udk,fudkifNyD; em;xifrSm awhypfcJhvkdY&Sd&if ajymif;0u xGufwJh,rf;cdk; [m tom;ud k avmifuRrf;&rnf r[kwfvm; Asmh? tckawmh avmifuRrf;wJh t&m r&S  dbJESifh armifbaomif;rS m tajcxl;wmu wpfaMumif;? tavmif;teD;rSm olud kifwJh ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewf udk awGUwmu wpfaMumif;aMumifh udk,fhudk,fudk owfjcif;jzpfw,fvk  dY wpfcgwnf; ,HkMunfvdkufMuwmudk; As}

av;/ /]cifAsm;u 'Dvk  d r,HkEkdifbl;ayghav}

&Sm;/ /]'Dvkdr[kwfEkdifbl;vkdY uRefawmfxifw,f? uRefawmfh xifjrifcsufuawmh armifbaomif ;udk wpfpHkwpfa,muf  aomolu owf&r,f? owfaomol[m armifbaomif;onf b,ftcsdefrSm b,fudk oGm;wwfw,ffqkdwm wiful; odxm;ESifhaom vlwpfa,mufjzpf&r,f? tavmif;teD;ü ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfudk  awG Ujcif;onf udk,fhudk,fudk 

 owfaMumif; rxif&Sm;? ¤if;tm; owfaomolonf rdrd\ ajc&mvuf&mudk ol wpfyg;wkdY r&d yfrdEkdifatmif vHkNcHKpGm zHk;zdEkdifonfh ÓPf&Sdaom olwpfa,muf jzpfaMumif;udkom xif&Sm;w,f vdkY uRefawmf xifygw,f}

av;/ /]cifAsm; ajymyHkawmh armifbaomif;&J U rdef;r rrdef;uav;awmif}

&Sm;/ /]'DvkdvJ t&ifpvkd awG ;vkd Y rawmfbl;? rpö wm bmuav; uRefawmf,ck awG;xifcsufu owif;pmxJrSm awGUwJhtwkdif; armifbaomif;tavmif;udk vG efcJ  hwJh  we*FaEGwpfywf u eHeufapmapm anmifyifBuD; atmufrSmawGUw,f ? nOfUOD ;,Huawmh olUr,m;ESifh twlwlyJ tdyf&m0ifw,f? vufsmbufem;xifu usnfqH0ifNyD; vuf0Jbuf usnfqHxGufwJhae&mu ar;½dk;usdK;oGm;w,f ? 'gavmufyJ uRefawmfod&ao;wmudk;? od&orQ csifhcsdef NyD; ajym&rSmjzifh armifbaomif;[m trS efrkcs udk,fhudk,fudk owfwm r[kwfbl;? olwpfyg;owfvkd Y aowm trSefyJ? tb,f  haMumifhqkdaomf owfaomol[m rnfolrnf0g jzpfw,fqkdwmudk 'DuaeNyD; rcef UrS ef;Ekdifao;aybl;As}

 xkd tcg rpö wmbmuav;onf  aq;jyif;vdyfudk zGmvsuf armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmudk twefMumatmif pkdufí Munf  haeNyD;aemuf

av;/ /]armifbaomif;[m udk,hfudk,fudk owfwm r[kwfbl;? olwpfyg; owfjcif; jzpfw,fvkdY xif&Sm;atmif cifAsm;u ouf aocHjyEkdifcJ  hvkd Y&Sd&if uRefkyfwkdY ukrÜPDrSm aiGig;axmifawmhjzifh avsmf&awmhrSmyJ ? odkYaomfvJ uREkfyfwkdY oabmu xif&Sm;cJhvkd Y &Sd&if aiGudk avsmfcsifygw,f? emrnftysufrcHcsifygbl; armifpH&Sm;? 'Dawmhum ukefusorQ p&dwfudk bDvfvkyfNyD; ydk Yvkdufyg? uREkfyfwkdYu tukefay;r,f? wwfEkdifcJhvkdY &Sd&if armifpH&Sm;ukd,fwkdif oGm;NyD;pHkprf; ppfaq;apvkdygw,f}

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

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&Sm;/ /]aumif;ygNyD? uRefawmf wwfEkdiforQ aqmif&Gufyghr,f? b,fhES,fvJAsdKU udkodef;armif vkdufrvm;}

uRefawmf/ /]uRef awmfvJ tckwavm tvkyfyg;yg&JUAsm? vkdufwmaygh}

 ¤if;aemuf rpöwmbmuav;onf  wpfq,fwefpuúLig;csyfudk p&dwfpu twGuf p&HaiGtjzpfjzifh ay;tyfNyD;vQif uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdYonf rpö wmbmuav;onf tm; EIwfqufí [kdw,frS jyefvmcJh Muav\/

 aemufwpfaeY eHeufapmapmü uRefawmfESif harmifpH&Sm;wkd Uonf rD;&xm;jzifh yJcl ;NrdKUod kY vkdufygoGm;MuNyD;vQif  blwm½HkokdY rD;&xm;qkdufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf XmemodkY oGm;a&mufMuav\/

 xkdtcsdef ü Xmemtkyfonf tjyifodkY oGm;a&mufckdkuf jzpfojzifh armifpH&Sm;onf pmoiftm; armifbaomif;\ trIESifh ywfoufí pHkprf ;ar;jref;av&m ¤if ;pmoifonf armifpH&Sm;tm; Mum;zl;onf jzpfaomaMumifh armifpH&Sm; ar;jref;orQudk ½kdaopGm ajzqkdav\/ ta&;rBuD;vSaom ar;cGef;tenf;i,f udk ar;jref;NyD;aemuf 

&Sm;/ /]aemufxyfbmrsm; owif;xl ;ao;vJ}

oif/ /]bmrS rxl ;ygbl; q&m}

&Sm;/ /]oJvGefpuav;rsm; r&bl;vm;}

oif/ /]r&bl; q&m}

&Sm;/ /]ajc&mrsm;aum rawGUbl;vm;}

oif/ /]xifxif&Sm;&Sm; rawGUygbl; q&m? tavmif;em;rSm anmif&GufawGESifh &THUawG ½Iyf&Sufcwfjzpfaeavawmh ajc&mawGUzkdY tifrwefcJ,Of;ygw,f q&m}

&Sm;/ /]rSefw,f? opf&Gufay:rSm ajc&mawGUzkdYawmh tcufom;yJ ? tdrfxJaum 0if&SmMuao;vm;}

oif/ /]tifpydwfawmfawmh 0if&S mw,f q&m? EkdYayr,fh bmqkdifovJ q&m? tavmif;awGUwmu anmifyif atmufrSm awGUw,f? tdrfxJrSm 0if&SmvkdY bmtusdK; &SdrS mvJ q&m}

&Sm;/ /]bmrsm;awGUovJ}

oif/ /]zefuGJwpfck? oHrIdwpfacsmif ;ESifh opf&Gufwpf&Gufudk tdrfay: avSum;xdyfrS m awGUowJh q&m}

&Sm;/ / (jzwfvwfaom trlt&mESifh) ]tvkd opf&Guf [kwfp? bmopf&GufvJ}

oif/ /]opf&Gufajcmufyg q&m? anmif&Gufajcmufyg? &THUawGESifh  vl ;vkdY olajcaxmuf oluyfygvmwm? oljyefNyD; awGUaewm xifyg&JU q&m}

&Sm;/ /]olawGUwJh ypö nf;awG b,frSm xm;ovJ}

oif/ /]rkefYaowåm tvGwfuav;ESifh xnfhNyD; bD½kdxJrSm xm;w,f q&m}

&Sm;/ /]usKyfMunfhcsifw,f? aomhr&Sdbl;vm;}

oif/ /]*wfpma&;qDrSm aomh&Sdw,f q&m? Munfhayr,fh xl;r,fawmh rxifygbl;}

&Sm;/ /]oGm;,lcJhprf;ygAsm? usKyf Munfhprf;yg&ap}

 wpfcPrQMumvQif pmoifonf rkefYaowåm oHyHk;wpfckudk ,lvmí armifpH&Sm;tm; ay;tyf&m armifpH&Sm;onf zef uGJESifh oHrIdwkdYudkrl ta&;rBuD ;onfh vu©PmESifh  z,f&S m;xm;NyD;aemuf opf&Gufajcmufudkrl aocsmpGm Munfh½Ií wpfpHkwpf ck tBuH&onfhvu©Pmjzifh acgif;ndwfum vnfndwfumjzifh 0rf;omtm;& &SdaecJhav\/ ¤if;aemuf

&Sm;/ /]tifpydwfawmfu tavmif ;udk oGm;NyD; MunfhwJ  htcgrSm cifAsm;ygoGm;ovm;}

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oif/ /]ygoGm;ygw,f q&m}

&Sm;/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh usKyf ar;wm aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;NyD; ajzprf;Asm? tifpydwfawmf oG m;pOftcgu tdrfxJud k t&if0ifovm;? anmifyifatmufudk t&ifoGm;ovm;}

oif/ /]jrif;&xm;ESifh oGm;NyD ; &xm;&yf&yfjcif; tdrfay:udk wpfcgwnf; wufoGm;wmyJ q&m}

&Sm;/ /]'Dhjyifwpfck ar;OD;r,f? pOf;pm;ajzaemf? tavmif;udk ,lvmNyD;wJhaemuf tdyfay:udk wifao;ovm;? tdrfatmufrS myJ xm;ovm;}

oif/ /]tdrfatmufrSmyJ xm;w,f q&m}

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oif/ /]tapcH armifbkd;OD;u tdrfay:rSm tdyfw,f q&m? tdrfatmufrSmawmh a':ausmh wkdY vifr,m; tdyfw,f}

&Sm;/ /]aus;Zl;wifygw,fAsm? usKyf a&muf vmwJh taMumif;udk &yfxJ&GmxJrSm b,folrS rajymESifhaemf}

oif/ /]aumif;ygNyD q&m}

&Sm;/ /]OD;baomif;tdrfu vlrsm;udk rajymES ifhaemf}oif/ /]pdwfcsygq&m}

 ¤if;aeYnaeü uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wk  dYonf armifbaomif;\ aetdrfokd Y oGm;a&mufMuav\/ ¤if;rSm vdyfjymuef BuD;\ teD;ü wnf&Sdí us,f0ef;aom 0if;BuD; twGif;rSm oyf&yfpGm aqmufvkyfxm;&Sdí aumif;rGefcrf;em;aom tdrfaxmif ypönf;rsm;jzifh om;om;em;em; jyifqifvsuf xm;&Sd av&m uRefawmfwkdYonf tdrfwGif;ok  dY 0ifoGm;Muaomtcg armif baomif;\ ZeD; rrdef;uav;onf uRefawmfwkdYtm; {nfhcef;ü {nfhcHí pum;ajymqkdvsuf &Sd Muav\/

 rrdef;uav;rSm touf ESpfq,fhig;ESpfcefUrQ &Sdí ydefydefyg;yg;ESifh oem;urm;&S  daom rdef ;r wpfa,muf  jzpfav&m ¤if;\ ½kyfvu©Pmud k axmufcsifhjcif;tm;jzifh  txufwef;pm; rdef;rwpfa,muf jzpfí oGufoGufvufvuf

 zswf zswfvwfvwf &SdaMumif;udkvnf; xif&S m;ay\/ uRefawmf wkdYESifh pum;ajymqkdvsuf &SdpOf Munfvifawmufajymifaom rsufvHk;rsm;udk &S nf vsm;aumhpif;aom rsufawmifwkdYjzifh zHk;tkyfvsuf rsufvTmcsum pOf;pm;qifjcifum &Sdaeonfh trlt&mudk axmufcsifhjyefaomtcg ¤if;rdef;ronf pOf;pm; qifjcifÓPfESifh jynfhpHkí rdrd\ pdwfudk csKyfwnf;Ekd ifaom trsdK;BuD;rdef;r wpf a,mufjzpfaMumif;udkvnf; xif&Sm;cJhay\/

 uRefawmfwkdYtm; ae&mxkdifcif;ay;NyD;aemuf udpöudk ar;jref;aomtcg armifpH&Sm;u uG,fvGefol armifbaomif;ESifh rdwfaqGBuD; wpfOD; jzpfaMumif;? ¤if; aoqHk;onf[k Mum;&í ykvdyft&m&SdwkdY\ ,lqyHkudk aumif;pGm rauseyfojzifh vma&muf&jcif; jzpfaMumif;? okdYyif vma&muf&ygaomfvnf; vlwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ pdwfvuf rMunfrom &Sdonfh tcgwGif ar;vm;jref;vm; pHkprf;vm; vkyf&rnfud k rsm;pGm tm;emvSaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdonfwGif rrdef;uav;u rdrdtm; tm;rembJ ar;vkdorQudk ar;jref;ajymqkdEkdifygaMumif;? ykvdyft&m&Sdwkd Y\ xifjrifcsufudk rdrdud k,fwkdifuyif

 pdwfrauseyfonf jzpfaomaMumifh? OD;pH&Sm;u [kwfwkdif;rSefpGm ay:aygufapatmif axmufvSrf;pHkprf;Ekdifonf jzpfygu rsm;pGm aus;Zl;BuD;vSonf jzpfygaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav\/ xkdtcg

&Sm;/ /]rif ;uawmfu ,ckvkd ulnDr,f qkdvkdY&Sd&ifjzifh ay:aygufatmif pHkaxmufEkdifzkdY arQmfvifh&ef &Sdygw,f? 'DtrIudpö ESifh ywfoufNyD; ta&;BuD;w,f xifwJh tcsuf &SdorQudk ajymjyyg? 'gxuf uRefawmf ar;yg&ap? [kdnu udkbaomif;[m tdyf&mxNyD; anmifyifatmufudk bmudpö oGm;wmvJ rif;uawmf}

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   231 

 [k  ar;aomtcg rrdef ;uav;onf ESvH k;rom,mzG,f jzpfaom taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd jyefvnfxkwfazmf awG;awm&aomaMumifh vnf;aumif;? okdYwnf;r[kwf rdrd\ pum;ü tjypftemtqm yg&Sdrnfudk pkd;&drfaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; twef Mumatmif pOf;pm;pdwful;aeNyD;rS

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armif/ /]bm trI twGufvJ qkdwmawmh rif; enf;enf;rS r&dyfrdbl;vm;}

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armif/ /]'DtaMumif;udk OD ;pH&Sm; odovm;}

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opf/ /]'Dt½kyfBuD;xm;wJhaeYu pNyD; [k  dbufwkdufuaeNyD ; jywif ;aygufrSm NyHK;pdNyHK;pdESifh vlqkd;awG acsmif;Muwm uRefawmfjrif&w,f q&m? rD;utwGif ;u xGef;NyD; t½kyfu jywif;aygufbufu xm;avawmh tcef;qD;ay:rSm OD;pH&Sm;&JU t&dyfu oGm;NyD; xifwmudk; q&m&JU? wkdufa&SUu Munfh&if OD;pH&Sm; pmzwfaewmESifh  wpfax&mxJyJ? uRefawmfu 'Dt½kyfudk em&DrSm wpfcgavmuf wpfcgavmuf vSnfhvSnfhNyD; ay;&w,f q&m&JU}

armif/ /]ig odygw,fuG,f? 'grsd K; igwkdY wpfcg vkyfzl; ygw,f}

 xkdcPü tdrfcef ;wHcg;onf yGifhvmí armifpH&Sm;onf tcef;wGif;rS xGufvm&m e*dk&ftm;jzifh ydefydef&Snf&Snf &S  daom armifpH&Sm;\ udk,fvHk;udk,faygufonf tpm;tpmud k rpm;ojzifh xk  dtcgü a&S;uxufyif ydef&SnfBuD; jzpfaeav\/

&Sm;/ /]aMomf udkodef;armif a&muf vmNyD udk;? udkif; bkd;opf t½kyfem;rS m rif;raeESifhawmh? awmfNyD ? rawmfwq aoewfrsm; rSefoGm;rSjzifh wynfhaumif; wpfa,muf qH k;oGm;jyefawmhr,f? 'gxuf udkodef;armif? wu,fhtcsufyJ? cifAsm; a&mufvmwm ae&musvdkufwmAsm? uRefawmfhudk aoewfESifh ypfowfcsifwJh taumifawG ay:vmMujyefNyDAs}

armif/ /]t&ifuvkd avaoewfrsdK;yJvm;AsdKU}

&Sm;/ /]t&ifu[mu bDtufpfat eHygwfwl; As? tck 'DvlawGu usKyfudk ypfzkdY acsmif;aewJh aoewfu 'Dxuf aumif;ao;w,f? acgif;rsm;rSefvkd ufr,f qkd&if xk wfcsif;aygufyJ? *smrefu vmwJh avaoewfvkdY ajymw,f}

armif/ /]'gxuf? tckwpfavm cifAsm; xrif; rpm;bl;qk  d ? b,fhES,faMumifh vJ Asm}

&Sm;/ /]vlqkdwm 0rf;0&if ÓPfr&Tifbl;As? wu,fh t[kwft[wf jyif;jyif;xefxef ÓPfxkwfzk  dYvkdwJh tcgus&if usKyf xrif;rpm;bJ aewJh  taMumif;udk cifAsm; odw,f r[kwfvm;? 'gaMumifh ur®Xmef; bm0em tm;xkwfwJh vlrsm;[m &Spfyg;oDv xdef ;NyD; npmxrif;rpm;bJ ae&if w&m;udk jrifvG,fwJh twGuf jrwfpGmbk&m; ynwfawmf rlw,f r[kwf vm;}

armif/ /]'g &SdapOD;awmh cifAsm? cifAsm; toufudk tckwpfavm aoaMumif;BuHwJh vlrsm;u b,folrsm;vJ}

&Sm;/ /][kwfw,fAsdKU udkkodef;armif? rawmfwq olwkdU tBuHtpnf txajrmufvkdU usKyfaooGm;r,fqkd&if ajc&mcHzkdU vG,fatmif[m &efolUemrnf usKyf ajymxm;cJhrS awmfr,f? wqdwf a&;,lxm;prf ;Asm? ygwmeDukef;vrf; eHygwf 126 rSmaewJh OD;wkdif;ausmfwJhAs? a&;NyD;ygvm;}

armif/ /]NyD;ygNyDAsm? 'gjzif  h 'Davmuf aoaocsmcsm od&ifvJAsm? udk,fhudkudk,f ab;a&mufcHaeygayw,f? wpfcgwnf; oGm;NyD; zrf;vdkuf&if rvG,fbl;vm;Asm}

&Sm;/ /]zrf;vkdufwmuawmh tvG,fom;ayghAsm? zrf;vkduf&if vludk om rdrS mayghAsm? ykvJykwD; r&aybl;}

armif/ /]aMomf 'Dvkdvm;}

&Sm;/ /]'Dvkd As? okd Uaomf wHig ajymwmrsdK;vkd 'if;wkdY b,frS rajy;Ekdifatmif ydkufawGESifhawmh  tukef 0kdif;NyD;NyD? cufwmu bmcufaeovJ qkdawmh tckae tcgrSm ydkufud k qGJvkduf&if vludkom rdr,fAs? ykvJykwD ; r&bl;}

armif/ /]vl b,fESpfa,muf rdzkdU cifAsm; axmifxm;ovJ}

&Sm;/ /]OD;wkd if;ausmf qkdwJh vlu q&mBuD;yJ? 'Dtjyif olUwynfh aq;eDbkd;qif qkdwJh taumifrsm;vJ ygw,f? aygif; oHk;a,mufygyJ}

armif/ /]olwkdU tck b,frSmvJ]

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif   251 

&Sm;/ /]'DuaeY wpfreufcif;vHk; tbkd;BuD; a,mifaqmifNyD; olwkdUaemuf usKyf vkdufaewmaygh? udkwkdif;ausmf qkdwJh vlu awmifa0S; vGwf uswmawmif usKyfudk aumufNyD;ay;ao;w,f}

armif/ /]'gjzifh olu cifAsm;rSef;udk vHk;vHk; r&dyfrdbl;aygh}

&Sm;/ /]b,fu &dyfrdvdrfhrvJAsm? &dyfrd&if usKyf taoayghAs}

 xkdtcgü avSum;rS wufvmonfh ajcoHrsm;udk Mum;ojzih  f armifpH&S m;ESifh armifodef;armif wkdUonf  pum;ajym&yfpJMuNyD;vQif tay: xyfodkU wufaom ajcoHavm? odkUwnf;r[k wf rdrdwkdU\ tcef;odkY vmrnfjzpfaom ajcoHavm[k em;pGifhum &SdaeMu&m ¤if;txyfodkU a&mufaomtcg wHcg;udk acgufoHMum;ojzif  h armifodef;armifu rnfoljzpfaMumif;udk ar;vk  dufonfwGif tjyifu vlu udkwkdif;ausmf jzpfaMumif;ESifh atmf[pfí ajymav\/

 xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u wkdufatmufü b,fol&SdovJ[k wkdufa&S Ujywif;aygufrS armifodef ;armiftm; acsmif ;ajrmif; Munfh½Iap&m 00wkwfwkwf acgif;wHk;ajymifESifh vlwpfa,muf "mwfrD;wkdifatmufü &yfaeonfudk jrif&aMumif;ESifh jyefajymaomtcg armifpH&Sm;u xkdolonf tjcm; r[kwf? aq;eDbkd;qif jzpfaMumif;? ¤if ;wkdUonf pGefYpGefYpm;pm; jyKvkyfawmhrnfh tBuHtpnf  &Sdí rdrdxHokdY ,if;uJhodkY vma&mufjcif;jzpfaMumif;? odkYjzpfí armifodef ;armifu yef;qkd;wef;XmemodkY oGm;NyD;vQif tifpdydwfawmf armiftkef;azESifh ykvdyfom;ESpfa,mufudk  ac:cJh&ef rSmxm;NyD;vQif

 tdrfatmufavSum;rS wdwfwqd wf qif;oGm;ap&m armifodef;armifvnf; ckdif;aponfhtwkdif; jyKvkyfygrnf[k 0efcHí qif;oGm;av\/

 armifodef;armif qif;oG m;NyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf bkd;opfudk ac:í ,ck0ifvmrnfh udk wkdif;ausmf  qkdoludk rdrd rvmrjcif; {nfhcef;rS xkdifí apmifhaeap&ef rSmxm;NyD;vQif tdyfcef;odkY 0ifoGm;av\/

 xkdaemuf bkd;opfonf wHcg;udk zGifhí ay;vkdufaomtcg tvH k;t&yf  axmifaxmifarmif;armif ;? EIwfcrf;arT; aumif;aumif;ESifh rsufcHk;wkwfwkwf? rsufvHk;jyL;jyL;? ESmwHay:ay: &Sdaom vlwpfa,mufonf Zm0Dwyfxm;aom wkwf BuD;wpf acsmif;udk udkifvsuf tcef ;wGif;odkY 0ifvm&m rouFmaom rsufESmxm;ESifh tcef;wGif ;odk Y apmif;ajrmif;um Munfh&mwGif za,mif;½kyf\ t&dyfudk uefYvefYum ay:wGif jrifojzifh tHhtm;oifhbdouJhokdY &Sdae av\/ ¤if;aemuf tcef;wGif;ü rnfolrsm; &Sd aeao;ovJ[k OD;acgif;vSnfhum Munfh &mwG if rSeftdrfajymif ;wpfckudk

 yGwfwkdufíaeaom bkd;opfrS wpfyg; tjcm;ol wpfpHkwpfa,mufudkrQ rjrif&onfESifh za,mif ;½kyf&Sd&mokdY ajczsm;axmufum oGm;NyD;vQif wkwfBuD;udk  ajr§mufum tm;ukefvTJí ½kdufawmhrnf jyKqJwGif  ]rvk yfygESifh udk wk  dif;ausmf? ysufpD; oGm;yghr,f} [k armifpH&Sm;\ toHjzif  h ¤if;\ aemufrS ajymvkdufaom toHudk Mum;&onfjzpf í tH  hMoBuD;pGmESifh toHMum;&modkY csmceJ vSnfhí Munfhav\/

 xkdtcg tcef;0ü rwkefrvIyf &yfvsuf &Sdaeaom armifpH&Sm;ud k jrifavvQif udkwkdif;ausmfonf  toHMum;pOfu th  HMopGmESifh csxm;vkdufaom wkwfBuD;udk wpfzefajr§mufNyD;vQif OD;acgif;udk ½kdufcGJvkdufawmhrnf[efESifh armifpH&Sm;\ teD;od kY ajcoHk;vSrf ;rQESifh a&mufatmif vSrf ;vmcJ  hav&m armifpH&Sm;onf aMumuf &GUHjcif; trlt&m tvQif;rygbJ NyH K;pdpd rsufESmxm;jzifh vufudkydkufum cyfat;at; &yfaeonfudk  jrif&av&m ajr§mufxm;aom vufonf atmufodkU wpfzef usoGm;jyefav\/

&Sm;/ /]rvk yfygESifh q&mBuD;&,f? 'Dt½kyf wpf½kyfqkd&if aiGESpf&mausmf eD;yg; tukefcHNyD; vkyfxm;&wmygAsm? cifAsm;wkdU avaoewfxuf tzkd;BuD ;ygao;w,f}

ausmf/ /]b,fu avaoewfvJ? b,folUrSm avaoewf &SdvkdUvJ}

&Sm;/ /]*smreDu cifAsm;wdkUrSm,lwJh avaoewfajymygw,f? rwfwwfBuD; vkyfraeprf;ygESifhAsm? wkwfrsm; tomcs xm;NyD; ukvm;xkdifrSm xkdifprf;ygOD ;As? cg;xJu "m;ajr§mifu xkdif wJhtcgrSm rawmfwq cg;udk pl;awmh r,f? xkwfNyD; xm;;ygOD;awmhvm;As? 'gxuf cifAsm;vmwm tcefUoifhvkdufwmAsm? usKyf uvJ cifAsm;udk awGUcsifaeqJygyJ}

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ausmf/ / (rsufarSmifMuKwfum EIwfcrf;arT;udk udkifvsuf) ]usKyf uvJ  cifAsm;ESifh awG UcsifvkdY vmcJhwmyJ? cifAsm; acgif;udk usKyf½kdufcGJrvkdU[m enf;enf;uav; vkdawmhw,f? cifAsm; w,fuHaumif;wJhvlyJ}

&Sm;/ / (aygifwpfzufudk pm;yGJtpGef;wG if wifí ajcwpfzufudk,rf;vsuf) ]cifAsm; ½kdufcsifw,fqkdwm usKyfvJ &dyfrdygw,f As? bmaMumifh usKyfudk cifAsm;wkd U 'Davmuf rsufrkef;usdK;aeMuovJAsm}

ausmf/ /]usKyfudk cifAsm;u bmaMumifh vkdufNyD; aESmifh,SufovJ? cifAsm; vl awGudk bmhaMumifh usKyfaemuf waumufaumuf vkdufapovJ}

&Sm;/ /]b,fu usKyf vlawGvJ? b,folUudkrS usKyf tvkdufrckdif ;&yguvm; cifAsm}

ausmf/ /]bmaMumifh cifAsm; usKyfudk vdrfajymcsifovJ? usKyf rsufpdESifhudk 'd Xjrifw,f}

&Sm;/ /]vdrfzkdYqkdwm usKyfwpfoufvHk; 0goem rygygbl; udkwkdif;ausmf? cifAsm; txifvGJygvdrfhr,f}

ausmf/ /]cifAsm;u cifAsm;wpfa,mufxJ rsufpdpl ;w,f  rxifESifhAs? 'Du taumifawGvJ cif Asm;vkd Munfhwwf wmyJ? raeUwkef ;uvJ aq;okwfwJh taumifwpfa,muf usKyfaemufudk wpfaumufaumuf vkdufaew,f? 'DuaeUvJ tbkd;BuD;wpfa,muf wpfvkdufxJ vkdufaewmyJ? 'D[mawG cifAsm;u cifAsm;vl awG r[kwfzl;vdkU ajymcsifwmayghav}

&Sm;/ /]aooGm;wJh pufuav;u ajym&S mw,f? ½kyfajymif;½kyfvTJ tqifuGJwJh ae&mawmh usKyfvkdvl ESpfa,mufr&Sdbl;vkd U csD;rGrf;&Smw,f? ol csD;rGrf ;wmvJrydkvSbl;AsdKU}

ausmf/ /]tvkd 'gjzifh usKyfaemufu vkdufaewm cifAsm; udk,fwkdifayghav}

&Sm;/ / (&,farmvsuf) ]tbkd ;BuD;tkdBuD;u vufwkefwkef&D&DESifhrkdU awmifa0S;vGGwfusawmhawmif cifAsm;u aumuf ay;ao;w,f r[kwfvm;}

ausmf/ / (awmufacguf vsuf) ]½k  dif;vkdufavAsm? cifAsm;rSef; rodvkduf&ygayyJ}

&Sm;/ /]odrsm; odvkduf&if tckavmuf&Sd &ifcGJ ½Hk a&mufNyDayghav? usKyfvJ &dyfrdygw,f}

ausmf/ /]r[kwfygbl;? aeygOD;? usKyfaemufudk b,fhES,faMumifh cifAsm; wpfaumufaumuf vkdufae&wmvJ

 ajymprf;ygOD;}&Sm;/ /]udkwkdif;ausmf &mZ0wftkyf tvkyfESifh wkef;u trJvkdufzl;w,f r[kwfvm;}

ausmf/ /]vkdufzl ;w,f? bmjzpfovJ}

&Sm;/ /]bmaMumifh cifAsm; vkdufovJ}

ausmf/ /]usm;tEÅ&m,fxlwJh ae&mudk toufpGefYNyD; oGm;&wm aysmfvkd YayghAsm}

&Sm;/ /]usKyfvJ 'Dtwkdif;yJ? cifAsm;u usm;? usKyfu rkqkd;yJ? tJ'D Oyrm twkdif;yJ}

 xkdtcg udkwkdif;ausmfonf ½kdufESufawmhrnfuJhodkU xkdif&mrS wpfzef xjyefav&m&Sm;/ /]'gawG vkyfraeprf ;ygESif  hAsm? pum;ajym ysufvSw,f? 'gxuf ykvJ ykwD;udk cifAsm; b,f rSm xm;ovJ}

ausmf/ /]BuHBuHpnfpnfAsm? b,fu ykvJykwD;vJ}

&Sm;/ /]usKyf odNyD;om;awGygAsm? [efvkyfraeprf;ygESifh? cifAsm; 'DuaeUn usKyf qDudk vmjcif;[mvJ 'DtaMumif;udk usKyf b,favmuf odrod? usKyfudk okwfoifzk  dU b,favmuf ta&;BuD;rBuD; od&atmif pHkprf;zkdU cifAsm; vmwm

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 r[kwfvm;? trSefajym&rS mjzifh usKyfudk okwfoifzkdU wu,fhudk ta&;BuD;w,fAs? bmaMumifhvJ qkdawmh cifAsm;wkdkU tBuHtpnf awG tukefvHk; usKyfodw,f? usKyf rodwm wpfck&Sdw,f}

ausmf/ / (avSmifajymifvkdaom rsufES mxm;ESifh) ]trdefU&SdygOD;cifAsm? rodao;wmu bmrsm;wJhvJ}

&Sm;/ /]yk vJykwD;udk cif Asm;wkdU b,fae&mrS m 0SufNyD;xm;w,f qkdwm wpfckwnf; usKyfrodw,f? 'D[mvJ cifAsm;ud k

 tck &awmhrSmyJ}ausmf/ /]tvkdawmf ayhAsm? cifAsm; odcsifwmESifh usKyfu ajym&awmhr,f ayghav}

&Sm;/ /][kwfw,f ajym&r,f}

ausmf/ /]wu,fvk  dU usKyfodygOD;awmh? cifAsm;u trdefUay;wmESifh usKyf ajym&rayghav}

&Sm;/ / ( armifwkd if;ausmf\ rsufESmudk aphaphygatmif Munfhvsuf ) ]cifAsm; udk,f[m usKyfrsufpdxJrSm zef\ ozG,f jzpfw,f? cifAsm; pdwfxJrSm bm&Sdw,f qkdwm usKyf tukef odEkdifw,f}

ausmf/ /]odEkdif&if ykvJykwD; b,frSmxm;w,f qkdwm cifAsm;bmom Munf  h,lygawmhvm;}

&Sm;/ / (NyHK;&,fvsuf) ]aMomf ykvJykwD; &SdaMumif;udk 0efawmhcHNyDudk ;}

ausmf/ /]rcHaygifAsm? b,fu 0ef cHvkdUvJ}

&Sm;/ /]tusdK;ESifh  taMumif;ESifh ajymjy&if em;axmifygrSaygh udkwkd if;ausmf&,f? acgif;MuyfMuyfrm&if MuyfMuyf cifAsm; 'ku©a&mufvdrfhr,f}

ausmf/ /]usKyf vJ ykvdyf vlxGufyg udkkpH&Sm;? vlwkdif;udk ajcmufvS efUvkdU &vdrfhr,fcsnf; cifAsm; rxifygESifh}

 xdktcg armifpH&Sm;onf ppfbk&ifxkd;aom vlwpfa,mufonf ta&;BuD;aom tuGufwpfckodkU a&TUawmhrnf jyKonfhtcgü pOf;pm;um MunfhbdouJhodkUaom rsufESmxm;rsdK;ESifh armifwkdif ;ausmftm; MunfhNyD;aemuf pm;yGJtHqGJrS rSwfwrf;pmtkyfi,fwpfck udk xkwfí

&Sm;/ /]'DpmtkyfxJrSm bmrsm;ygw,fvkdU cifAsm; xifovJ}

ausmf/ /]b,fajymwwfrvJAsm}

&Sm;/ /]cifAsm; ygw,fAsm}

ausmf/ /][m b,fhES,f usKyf ygwmvJ}

&Sm;/ /]cifAsm; wpf oufvHk;rSm b,ftrIrsm; jyKcJhw,f qkdwm 'Dpmtkyfuav;xJ rSm tukefygw,f}

ausmf/ /]b,fhES,fvlygvdrfhAsm? bmawG avQmufNyD; zsef;aeygvdrfhrvJ}

&Sm;/ /]'DpmtkyfxJrSm cifAsm; r,m; rausmh udk b,favmufESifh touftmrcHukrÜPDrSm taygifxm;w,f? rausmh bma&m*gESifhaow,f? &wJhaiGudk jrif;yGJb,favmuf ydkUw,fqkdwm tukefodygw,fAs}

ausmf/ /]'Dvl ua,mifacsmufjcm; bmawG avQmufajymaeygvdrfhrvJ}

&Sm;/ /]NyD;awmh wGHaw;u armif atmifnGefUuav; wpfa,mufvJ aojcif;rvS b,fenf;ESifhao&w,f qkdwmvJ ygw,f}

ausmf/ /]yg&ifaum bmjzpfovJ? b,fol oufao&SdovJ}

&Sm;/ /]aeOD ;As? rukefao;bl ;? vGpö vrf; (,ck qdyfurf;omvrf;) rSm wpfjrefESpfu wkdufazmufrIu wpfrI? rESpfwkef;u aiGoHk;axmifausmf vufrSwf vdrfrIu wpfrI}

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ausmf/ /]'gawmh cifAsm; rSm;NyD}

&Sm;/ /]'gjzihf  'D[mawG[m rSefwmaygh? usKyfajymr,f udkwkdif;ausmf? cifAsm; oHk;yHk zJ ½dk ufwwfw,f [kwfvm;? wpfzufom;rSm av;buf wDyg r*Fvmudk udkifxm;wJhtcg cifAsm;u t½HI;ay;&if bmwwfEkdifao;ovJ}

ausmf/ /]'gESifh ykvJykwD;ESifh bmqkdifvd kYvJAsm}

&Sm;/ /]t&ifrvkdygESifh udkwkdif;ausmf? wjznf;jznf;awmh a&mufygvdrfhr,f? usKyfenf;ESifh usKyfajymprf;yg&ap? 'Dawmh um cifAsm; tay:rSm ckajymcJhwJh jypf csufawG &Sdw,f? tck ykvJykwD;trIvJ cifAsm;a&m ? cifAsm; wynfh aq;eDbkd;qifa&m ESpfa,mufpvHk; tay:rSm jypfcsuf xif&Sm;oavmuf xif&Sm;aeNyD}

ausmf/ /]armifrif ;BuD;om; tckawmif jzef;wkef; &Sdao;wmudk;}

&Sm;/ /]jzef;wmr[kwfbl; q&mBuD;&JU? usKyf pHkaxmufNyD; odvkdU usKyfajymwm? bk&ifcHtdrfawmfudk [kdnu cifAsm;wkdU pD;oGm;wJh wuúpD armif;orm;a&m? tdrfawmf em; armif;oG m;wmudk jrifvkdufwJh yk vdyfom;a&m? ykvJ ykwD;udk cifAsm;wk  dU oGm;a&mif;vkdU r0,f 0HhwJh vmvmbkdifqkdwJh pdefbmbla&m tm;vHk; usKyfawGUcJhNyDAs}

 xkdtcgüum; armifwkdif;ausmfonf ezl ;rS acR;pD;rsm; jyefvsuf vufoD;rsm;rSmvnf ; qkyfrdqkyf &m uspf uspfygatmif

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&Sm;/ /]'Dvkdrvk yfygESifhav udkwkdif;ausmf&JU? cifAsm; pOf;pm;MunfhygOD;? usKyf wwfEkdiforQ wkdifvkduf&r,f qkd&if tenf;qHk; cifAsm; axmifq,fESpfawmh usNyD;om;yJ? cifAsm; axmifxJrSm ae&&if 'DykvJykwD;udk cifAsm; bmvkyfEk  difOD;rSmvJ? 'Dtay:u tusdK;aus;Zl; cHpm;p&m cifAsm;rS m bmrS  r&Sdbl; [kwfp? cifAsm;vJ touf i,fawmhwm r[kwfbl;? av;q,fausmf ig;q,feD;yg; jzpfaeNyD? tbk  d;BuD;tkd jzpfrS axmif u xGufvm&&if

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ausmf/ /]wu,fvk  dU usKyfu jiif;qefcJ  hvkdU&Sd&ifaumAsm}

&Sm;/ /]'Dvk  dqkd&ifawmh ykvJykwD;udk && r&& cif Asm;ud k usKyf zrf ;&vdrfhr,f? ykwD ;jyeftyf oifhroifhudk cifAsm; wpfa,mufwnf; rNyD;vkdU bkd ;qifudk wkdifyifcsifvkdU &Sd&if wkdifyifEkdifygw,f? a[h bkd;opfa&? cP vmprf;ygOD ;a[h? wkdufa&SUrSm vlwpfa,muf? 00wkwfwkwf? t½kyfqkd;qkd;wpfa,muf awGUvdrfhr,f? wkduf ay: vmyg qkd oGm;NyD ;

 ajymvkdufprf;uG,f}ausmf/ /]ac:vkdU vmcsifrS vmr,fAs}

&Sm;/ /]aMomf  'DrSm bdk;opf? ZGwft&rf;awmh qGJrac:ygESifhaemf? OD;wkdif;ausmfu vmcJhygwJhvkdU ajym&ifjzifh vmygvdrf  hr,f}

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 xkd tcg armifwkdif;ausmfonf "m;ajr§mifudk xkwfawmhrnfh [efESifh cg;qDokdU vufvSrf ;&m armifpH&Sm;vnf; tuРstdwfudk EIdufonfwGif tdwfwGif;rS ajymif;0 jyLíxGufonfudk jrifojzifh

ausmf/ /]udkpH&Sm;? cifAsm;[m olrsm;vkd zsm;vkd UemvkdU at;at;aq;aq; ao&r,fhvl r[kwfbl; xifw,f}&Sm;/ /][kwfyg&JU? usKyfvJ awG;rdw,f? cifAsm;vJ yufvufraobl;? wGJavmif;uav;usNyD; ao;r,fhvlESifhwlw,f? okdUaomfvJ a&SUta&;awGudk avQmuf NyD; awG;raeygESifh awmh Asm? pdwfr&Tif p&maumif;vSygw,f? avmavmq,fta&;avmufom NyD;jywfatmif ajymMuygOD ;pdkU}

 xkdtcg armifwkdif;ausmfonf om;aumifudk ckefítkyfawmhrnfuJhodkUaom usm;wd&dpmäef\ trlt&mjzifh vufoD;qkyfum tHBudwfumjzifh xkdif&mrS xjyefavvQif armifpH&Sm;rSmrl rwkefrvIyf cyfat;at;&Sdaom trlt&mESifh tdwfxJü xnf  hxm;aom vufeufudkomvQif owdESifh qkyfudk ifí xm;av\/

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&Sm;/ /]bmrSawmh rvJygbl; cifAsm? cifAsm;wkdU tBuHtpnfudk usKyfodwJh twGuf tukefysufwm wpfckygyJ}

qif/ / ( armifwkdif ;ausmftm; Munfhí )]vlrSm r&,fcsif &wJhtxJ cifAsm; ieJu w,f&,fp&m ajymyguvm;}&Sm;/ /]awmfawmfMumawmh r&,fcsif½Hkrubl;? idkawmif idk csifMuvdrfhOD;r,f udkbdk;qif&JU? udkif; cifAsm;wkdU ESpfa,muf pvHk; em;axmif? usKyfutvkyfrsm;wJhvlAs? cif Asm;wk  dUudk{nfhcHNyD ;MumMumpum;ajymraeEk  difbl ;? udkif; usKyfu a[m[kd tcef ;xJrSm 0ifNyD;awmhaer,f? usKyf r&Sdwkef; cifAsm;wkdUESpfa,mufxJ vGwfvGwfvyfvyf wkdifyifMuayawmh? ig;rdepf usKyftcGif  hay;r,f? vkd&if;tcsKyfudk udkwkdif;ausmf odNyD; r[kwfvm;? ykvJykwD; tyfrvm;? vludk tyfrvm;? 'DESpfvrf; wpfvrf;yJ &Sdw,f r[kwfvm;? wa,m rxkd;&wmrsm; MumvSygNyDAsm? xl;rjcm;em; wpfyk'favmuf qHk;atmif xkd;prf; csnfygOD;r,f? wkdif yif&pfMuygOD;} [k ajymí armifpH&Sm;onf <uufavQmufay:ü &Sdaom wa,mudk aumuf,l NyD ;vQif tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifoGm;av\/

 wpfcPrQMumvQif oDcsif;cHBuD;udk rxkd;rD bGJUcHvsuf&Sdaom wa,moHwkdUonf armifpH&Sm;\ tcef ;wGif;rS

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qif/ /]b,fhES,fvJAs udkwkdif;ausmf? ykvJykwD ;taMumif;udk 'DieJu odoGm;NyDvm;}

ausmf/ /]bmrS vkdavao;w,f r&Sdbl;? tukef olodoGm;NyD q&m&JU}

qif/ /]w,f *Gusyguvm;? b,fenf;ESifh odoGm;ygvddrfhrvJ}

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ausmf/ /]xkd;wmu aemuf q&m? 'Du ieJudk b,fvkd pum;jyefMur,f? 'Dawmh ckvufiif; ta&;BuD;aew,f}

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ausmf/ /]wa,moHBuD; 'Davmuf wD;aewJh txJrSm b,fuvmNyD; Mum;rvJAsm}

qif/ /][kwfyg&JUav? 'gxuf [kdae&mrSm uefYvefYumBuD; umxm;wmu b,ftwGufvJAsm} [k ajymí uefYvefYum &Sd&mod kY aocsmpGm vSrf;íMunfh&mwGif bkd;qifonf  tH  hMoaom trlt&mES ifh rsuf vHk;rsm; jyL;vsuf &Sdav\/

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ausmf/ /]tkd 'gawGvk  dufNyD; csD;rGrf ;raeprf;ygeJUAsm? wkdifyifp&m &Sdwm wkdifyifMuygOD;pkdU? ykvJykwD; usKyfwkdY

 ,lwmawmhjzifh ieJ odoGm;NyDAs? ykwD;udk jyefay;vkdU &Sd&ifjzifh usKyfwkdUudk csrf;omay;r,fwJh ESL;aew,f}qif/ /]BuHBuHpnfpnfAsm? oHk ;av;v tyifyef ;cHNyD ; BuHpnfcJh&wm vufxJa&mufawmhrS jyefay;&r,fqk  d awmfEkdifyghrvm;? tzkd;uvJ enf;wm r[kwfbl;? wpfaomif;ausmf wefw,fqkd}

ausmf/ /]wefwmu udpö r&Sdbl;? ykwD;r&&if vlukd axmifcsr,fhta&;u &Sdao;w,fAs? b,fhES,fvkyfMurvJ}

 xkdtcg bkd ;qifonf acgif;udkukwfum pOf;pm;NyD ;aemuf

qif/ /][kdtcef ;xJrSm olwpfa,mufxJ r[kwfvm;? pD&ifvkduf&&if raumif;bl;vm;Asm? 'DieJao&if usKyfwkdUrSm wpfjynfat;wmyJ}

ausmf/ /]rvkyfESifh q&ma&U? usKyf BuHwm b,fES pfcg &S  dyvJ? tvpfudk rawG Ubl;? tifrwef owdaumif;wJhvl?

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ausmf/ /]pdwfcsyg udkbk  d;qif&,f? olUavmufruwJhvlawG usKyf ESyfNyD;vmwm b,fESpfcg &SdyvJ? ykvJykwD; usKyfqDrSm ygygw,f? jrefrmjynfrSm a&mif ;vkdUr&&if b*Fvm;wifNyD;a&mif;wmayghAs? ukvm;jynfrSm qkdawmh e,fu us,foES ifh? b,folu vmNyD; vkduf&SmEkdifOD;rvJAsm}

qif/ /]wifydkYwmu [kwfw,f? usKyf wkdUvJ roGm;Ekdifbl;? b,folU cifAsm; tyfrvJ}

ausmf/ /]bmcufovJAsm? *sbwftvD vufudktyfvk  dufwmaygh? b*F vm;udk oloGm;NyD;a&mif;vdrfhr,f}

qif/ /]olxnfh NyD; ,loGm;p&m tzHk;ESifh aowåm rSmNyD;yvm;}

ausmf/ /]pd wfcsyg q&m? 'grsdK;awmh 'Dtaumifu yuwl;u pDrHNyD ;om;yJ? aeprf;ygOD; bmoHvJ}

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 xkdcPü xkdolESpfa,mufwkdUonf pum;ajym &yfpJMujyefí jywif;ayguf &Sd&modkU MunfhMujyef&m bmoHudkrQ rMum;&onfESifh rdrdwkd U pdwfu ajcmufojzifh vefUjcif; jzpfonf[k atmufarh vQif qufvufí ajymMujyefav\/

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qif/ /]'Dvkdjzifh awmf&JUAsdKU}

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qif/ /]b,frvJ ? usKyf Munfhprf;yg&apAsm? aoaocsmcsmawmif rjrif&ao;ygbl;}

ausmf/ /]'DvluvJAsm? wu,fhta&;xJrSmrS  Munfhcsifvkduf &wm? Munfhcsif&ifvm? 'Dae&mrSm rMunfhESifh ? tcef ;xJu acsmif;Munfh&if jrifoGm;vdrfhr,f? vmcJh a[m'D jywif;aygufem;rSm Munfh? a&mh tJ'DrSm jrifyvm;}

qif/ /]vSygay&JUAsm? 'gaMumifhvJ tzkd;wpfaomif;ausmf wefaywmyJudk;}

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ausmf/ /]usdK;eJ wwfEk  difwJ  h vlygyJuvm;}

 bdk ;qifrSmrl ÓPfav;aom olwpfa,muf jzpfojzifh xkdtcgrS rdrdwkdUtm; axmifízrf;onfh tjzpfudk &dyfrd onfES ifh qif/ /]w,fNyD; ÓPfoGm;wJh vlyguvm;? EkdU [kdxJu wa,mxkd;wmu b,f olvJAs? tckawmif usKyf  Mum;wkef; &Sdao;w,f}

&Sm;/ /]vl &SdrS wa,moH xGuf&awmhrvm;As? "mwfjym;wpfjym;avmuf zGifhNyD; xm;vkduf&ifvJ NyD;wmyJudk As}

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 xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u

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 pufuav;vJ oG m;onf ESifYwjydKifeuf armifpH&S m;onf &efoluk efjyD[k txifESifY ajy;oGm;av&m jrpfzufrSaoewfoH ESpfcsufMum;&jyD;aemuf  usnfqH wdkYonf em;&Guf em;ü 0DceJ oDíoGm;MuojzifY wzef tvsm;arS muf vdkuf&jyef av\/ ,if;odkY tvsm;arSmufvdkufjyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;rS m rdrd\ae&mudk &efolrsm;odrnfpdk;ojzifY ajrGuJYodkY wGefYvdrfum wjznf;jznf; a&TYí oGm;cJY&m ayig;q,fcef YoGm;rdaomtcg udkif;yifrsm; twG if;odkY a&mufvmojzifY jidrf0yfpGmae&jyefav\/

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uRefawmf/ /  ]qdk;ayvJ onftxJrSm ygovm;Asm? cifAsm; b,fwkef;u awGYvd kufvdkYvJ} [kar;vdkufonfwGif armifpH&S m;onf cyfapmapmu qdk;ayESifY vufoD ;csif ; ,SOfjydKifxdk;owf&jcif ;rsm;ud k jyefajymif ;ajymqdkav\/

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ukvm;/ / (uRefawmfYtm;MunfYí) ]cifAsm;eJY twlwlvm;}

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&Sm;/ / ]usKyf&wm cifAsm;odjyD;r[kwfvm;}

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&Sm;/ / ]b,ftwGuf}

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ukvm;/ / ]udkif;Asm? 1000 ay;ygYr,f? ay;omay;yg}

&Sm;/ / ]b,ftwGuf toHk ;usaMumif;ajym&if ay;csifay;r,f? EkdYr[kwf&if waomif;aomfvnf; usKyfray;bl ;}

ukvm;/ / ]tdk;uGJuav; cifAsm;rSm bmtoHk;usvJ? aiG 1000 &&if rawmfao;bl;vm;? udkif;Asm 1500 ay;r,f}

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 4if;aemuf ukvm;MuD;onf armifpH &Sm;tm; acsmYarmYí vnf;aumif;? qvH ay;í vnf;aumif ; trsdK;rsdK; ajymaomf vnf; armifpH&Sm;onf rnfonfYenf;ESifYrQjyefíray;EdkifaMumif;? tu,fí rdrd\ypö nf;rSefcJYygvQif ½Hk;ü avQmuf xm; awmif;qdk EdkifaMumif;omvQif jyefajymonfjzpfí ukvm;MuD;vJ vufavQmYumjyefoGm;avonf/

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pH kaxmufarmifp H& Sm;

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uRefawmf/ /]pmcsKyfudk ol ,laMumif;uawmh xif&S m;aeygNyDAsm? jyef&zkdU twGufudkom cifAsm; BudK;pm;ygawmh}

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BuD;/ / ]rat;&Sif&,f? 0rf;vnf; renf;ESifhawmh? jzpfNyD;trI[mawmh rwwfEkdifawmhbl;? olUtaMumif;ESifh olUuHyJ? uRefawmfwkdU vifhpifay:a&mufNyD; rMumcifrSmyJ ae0ifoGm;w,f? &Spfem&Davmufusawmh tawmfyJ arSmifrkdufoGm; w,f? 'Dawmh udkbwifu olaMumufw,f? vifhay:rSm rae0H  hbl ;vkdU ajymwmudk;? onfawmh uRefawmf u aMumufp&mr[kwfygbl;? 0DpuDudkom enf;enf;aomufvkdufyg ajymawmh olu wpfykvif;vHk; armhaomuf vkdufw,fAs? aomufNyD;wpfatmifhaeawmh usm;vmoHMum;&wmudk;? onfawmh olUrSm 'll;awGwkefNyD; odyfaMumufvm wmaygh? uRefawmfu raMumufygESifh qkdaywJh r&awmhbl;? vuav;uvJ rHIrHIomaeawmh usm;vifhpifatmuf

 a&mufvmwm ol jrif &awmh tNidrfraebJ vifhay:rSm rwfwyf&yfNyD; tay:u opfudkif;ay:udk wuf wmaygh? vlu wkefwkef&D&Djzpfaeawmh ajcvufawGu b,fNrJ awmhrvJ? acsmfusoGm;wmaygh? olvJ ajrBuD;ay: Akef;ceJusoG m;a&m usm;BuD;uvJ aMumufp&m toHBuD;ESifh [d ef;NyD;olUtay: ckeftkyfvkdufwmyJ? onfawmh uRefawmfvJ b,fvkdrS rBuHwwfawmhbl;? usm;udk aoewfESifhypf&ifvJ vludkygrSefr,f? rypfbJ ae&ifvJ vludk udkufowfawmhr,f? 'Dvkd aewkef ; ½kwfw&uf tBuH &NyD ; usm;vefUxGufajy;atmif aoewfESifh wjcm;udk acsmfypf&wmaygh? yxr ESpfcsuf ypf vkdufawmh rajy;ao;bl ;As? aemufwpf csufypfawmhrS xGufajy;wmaygh? okd Uayr,fh tvGwfxGufrajy;bl? vludkqGJNyD; awmxJ0ifoGm;awmh uRefawmfvJ b,f  hES,frS rwwfEdkifawmhbl;? vifhpifay:uom &GmuvlawG

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 ukdyefu ,ckvkdajymaeckduf uRefawmf\ pdwfwGif ½kwfw&ufowd&vmí

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]atmifr,f tawmfawmfwJh rdef;rAs? rsufESmawmif ... } qkdí pum;vufp rowfrD olBuD;tdrfu vlwpfa,muf a&mufvmí

]awmtkyfrif;? awmtkyfrif;? olBuD;tdrfrSm tifpydwfawmfrif; a&mufaeí vufzuf&nfaomuf <uyg}

 [k ac:vmaomaMumifh uRefawmf a&m udkyefyg olBuD;tdrfokdY pum;vufp rowfbJ xGufcJhMuav\/

 olBuD;tdrfay:okdU a&mufMuaomtcg tifpydwfawmfrif ; OD;cefU? ud ktHh BuD;? rat;&SifESif  h tjcm;vlBuD; av;ig;a,muf udk tdrfay:rSmawGUí &Gmom;q,fa,muf udk;a,mufcefUwkdUrSm tdrfatmufwGif 0kdif;zGJUpum;ajymaeonfudk 

 awGU&av\/ tdrfay:okdYa&mufvQif tifpydwfawmfrif;uyif pum;pí

cefU/ /]awmtkyfrif;ESifh awGU&wm tqifoif  hvkdufwmAsm? tawmfyJ nu ukdbwifudk usm;udkufoGm;wm Mum;NyD;NyDvm;As}

uRefawmf/ /]udkyef ajymjyí Mum;&ygNyD? 'DtaMumif;udk ajymaewkef; ol BuD;rif ;u ac:í csufcsif;yJ vmcJhygw,f}

cefY/ /]Mum;NyD;&ifvJ xyfajymzkdU rvk  dawmhygbl;? onfudpö ESifh ywfoufí uRefawmfhudk tenf;i,f ulnDapcsifygw,f}

uRefawmf/ /]wwftm;oa&GU ulnDvkdygw,f? b,fvkdrsm; uRefawmfulnDEdkifygovJ}

cefU/ /]uRef awmfh rSm 0wå&m;&SdwJhtwkdif ; jzpfyGm;aom ae&mrsm;ud k vkdufMunf  h&ygw,f? usm;udkufí aowm [kwfr[kwf tavmif;udk ppfaq;zkdY wm0ef&Sdygw,f? usm;BuD;uvJ vlom;pm;usm;? tawmfvJ aomif;usef ;aew,f qkdawmh &Gmom;rsm;uvJ ud kbwiftavmif;ukdawmif vkdufr&Sm0HhMubl;wJhAs? rdwfaqGuawmh usm;ypf aeMurkdY rdwfaqGudk,fwkdif a&SUaqmifoG m;r,fqkd&if  &Gmom;tm;vHk; vkdufMurSmygyJ? onfawmh rdwfaqGBuD;u uRefawmfhudk ulnDwJh oabmESifh onftavmif;udk vkduf&Smay;apvkdygw,f}

uRefawmf/ / ( udktH  hBuD;zuf vSnfhí ) ]rdwfaqGaum vkdufr,f r[kwfvm;}

&Sif/ /]vkduf vkdU rjzpfbl; xifyg&JU&Sif? 'DuaeY opfwkduform;awGESif  h pm&if;&Sif;p&m &Sdygao;w,f? ud kbwif r&Sdawmh olUtvkyfawGudk uRefrvJ aumif;aumif; em;rvnfbl ;? udktH  hBuD; &Sif ;ay;rS jzpfygvdrfhr,f}

cefY/ /]vlwpfa,mufvHk; aoaewmyJAsm? tvkyfudk bm*½kpkdufp&m &S  dovJ ? cifAsm;ajr§mufay;vkdU ol Ucrsm ao&&SmwmyJ ? twloGm;wJh vl ryg&if cifAsm;a,mufsm;tavmif;ud k b,folu &Smay;OD;rSmvJ}

 [k OD;cefYu aigufqwfqwf ajymvkduf&m rat;&Sifvnf ; olBuD;tdrfay:rS aqmifhatmifhí qif;oGm;av\/ ukdtHhBuD;uvJ pdwfryghwygESifh

]uRefawmfvJ vkdufyghr,f}

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 uRefawmfvJ aoewfudk ,lí udktHhBuD;ESifhtwl vifhpif&Sd&m awmxJokdY a&SUaqmifoGm;&m rsm;rMumrDcyfvSrf;vS rf;uyif opfyifBuD;ay:rSm xkd;xm;aom vifhpifudk jrif&av\/

 uRefawmfonf vifhpiftem;okdY a&mufaomtcg pkd;&drfruif;&SdonfESihf &G mom;rsm;tm; a&SUokdY rwkd;apbJ tifpydwfawmfrif; OD;cefY? ukdtHhBuD;? olBuD;ES ifh tjcm;&Gmom; rkqkd;ESpfa,mufudk ac:NyD; vifhpifatmufokdY 0ifoGm;Muav\/

 vifhpifatmufokdYa&mufvQifa&mufjcif; usm;ajc&mrsm;ESifh vlaoaumifudk qGJoGm;aom pGyfaMumif;udk 0dkif;íMunfh &mrS ukdtHh BuD;u armhí vufñdI;xkd;NyD;

]a[m[k  d opf udkif;ay:u uswmyJ? ajrBuD;ay:awmh 'D ae&mrSm usw,f}

 [k ajymNyD; udkbwifvdrfhusaomae&mudk vufñdI;xkd;jyav\/ OD ;cef Uuvnf; ][kwfw,fcifAsm? ol raMumuf&if vifhpifay:u usvdrfhr,f r[kwfbl;? ckawmh cifAsm; ajymovkd aMumufNyD; opfudkif;ay: wufawmh usoGm;rSmaygh? uJAsm oluswJhae&mud k ikwfuav;wpfck ½kdufxm;yg}

 [k qkdí &Gmom;wpfa,mufu opfom;wpfck udk cRefNyD; jyaomae&mwGif ikwf ½kdufxm;av\/

 xkduJhokdY ikwf½kduf&if; pum;ajymMupOf uRef awmfhrSm usm;ypf0goemygonf  htwkdif; ¤if;opfyif BuD;atmuf ae&mwumudk aphaphpyfpyfvSnfhvnf Munfh½I&m vlaoaumifudk usm;qGJoGm;aom ae&mESifh aoewf usnfqHrsm;rSefxm;aom ae&mrSm ESpfvHavmuf uGmonfudkvnf ;aumif;? usm;ajc&mESifh vlaoaumif qG  Jxm;aom pGyfaMumif;udkom awGU&í aoG;[lí wpfpufrQ rawGU&aMumif;? okdYaomf ¤if;wkdUrSm rxl;qef;acs/ xl ;qef ;aom tcsufwpfckrSm usm;ajc&mudk taotcsmMunfh&m usm;\b,fbufvuf ajc&mrsm;rS m tjcm;aom ajc&mrsm;uJhok  dY ajcaMumif;av;ck&m rxifbJ  oHk;ckomxifonfudk  awGU&ojzifh ¤if ;ajc&mrsm;udk aocsmonfxufaocsmatmif av;ig;cktxd uRefawmfvkdufí ajrBuD;em;uyfNyD; aocsmatmif iHk UMunfhaepOf OD;cefUu

]awmtkyfrif ;uawmh w,f 0goemygwmudk;? bmawGUaevkdYvJAs? onfavmuf aoaocsmcsm Munfh&wm} [k ajymvkduf&mrS uRefawmfolwkd Uud k Munfhvkduf&m olwkdUig;a,mufrS m wpfa,mufESif  h wpfa,muf xdvkrwwf uyfNyD; uRefawmfhudk apmifhMunfhaeonfudk awGU&av\/

 xk  dtcg uRefawmfu

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]'Dusm;[m rESpfu uRJukdufvkdY uRefawmfvifhapmifhNyD; ypfxm;wJh usm;yg? tJ'Dwkef;u b,fudkrSefoGm;w,f rodbl;? aoG;awmh  eJeJusoGm;wm awGU&w,f? ajcmufvavmuf aysmufoGm;NyD; olcsnf; arTaewm tawmf MumNyD? ajcwkd ajcwkd ESifh emrnf&aew,f? 'Dem;w0dkuf udkufavorQ olcsnf ;ygyJ q&m ? olUajc&mawmh vlwkdif;rSwfrdygw,f}

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]NyD;ygNyD? vlaoaumif  &S mzk  dYom vkdygawmhonf} [k ajymojzifh uRefawmfyif a&SUaqmifí pGyfaMumif;twkdif; vkdufoGm;Muav\/

 0g;wpf½kdufavmuf oG m;rdwkd if; csHKrsm;atmufokdY iHkUMunfhNyD; oGm;Mu&m cRwfceJ toHMum;wkdif; aemufu vlrsm;onf xGufajy;rnf jyKMu\/ xkdtcg uRefawmfrSm tBuH&í

]cifAsm;wkdU wdwfwdwf rvmMuESifh? qlnHpum;ajymNyD; vmMuyg? usm;tem;rSm &Sd&ifvJ xGuf ajy;ygvdrhfr,f}

 [k ajymrS olwkdUvnf; &Jwif;pGm aemufu vkdufcJhMuav\/

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]awGUawmh awGUr,fAsdKU? a&SU 0g;oHk;½kdufavmufrSm awGUvdrh  fr,f? cifAsm;wk  dUtm;vHk; nmoHay;NyD; vkdufcJhyg? uRefawmf a&SUu wkd;ygr,f}

 [k qkdí tm;vHk;nmoHay;Muí uRefawmfu a&SUu wkd;oGm;&jyef\/

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]awGUNyD AsdKU? vmomvmMuyg}

 [k uRefawmfu ac:vkdufaomtcg vlxkBuD;onf a&SUokdY rwkd;0hHbJ &yfíMunfhaeMuav\/ uRefawmfu aoewfwpfcsuf csKHxJokdY ypfvkdufNyD;

]vmomvmMuyg? usm; r&Sdygbl;}

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 tavmif;udk aoaocsmcsm MunfhMuaomtcg vufarmif;wpfzufrSm usm;udkufxm;aom 'Pf&mESifh 0rf;Adkufudk azmufNyD; tltonf;rsm;udk pm;xm;onfudk awGU&av\/ tjcm;ae&mrsm;üum; usm;udkufxm;aom 'Pf&m rawGU&acs/

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cefY/ /],H kzkdUawmh tcufom;yJ Asm? cifAsm;wk  dUESifh awGU&ifawmh aoaumif;ygvdrfh r,f}

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]udkif; tavmif;udk &Gmudk ,l&atmif pDrHMuyg}

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uRefawmf/ /]cPqkdif;ygOD;? udktHhBuD; cifAsm; onfusm;udk qufapmif  hOD;rvm; ? onfnawmh trSefvmrSmyJ}

tHh/ / (rsufESmysufNyD;) ]uRefawmf rapmifhvkd yg? wjcm;wd&pämefudk udkufvkdU apmifh&vQifawmh apmifh0Hhyg&JU? ckvkd vludk udkufxm;wJh tavmif;ay:u aeNyD;awmh rapmifh0Hhbl;Asm}

uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh aumif;NyD? uRefawmf apmifhr,f? tavmif;udk ae&mrzsufMuygESifh? a&S;vlBuD;rsm; ajymwJhh pum;twdkif; onfvkd[mudk &G mxJ vJ roGif;&bl;wJh}

olBuD;/ /][kwfw,f tifpydwfawmfrif;? &GmxJawmh roGif ;&bl;? &G mjyifzufrSm xm;&w,f? NyD;awmh onfusm;aorS at;Mur,f? awmtkyfrif; apmif  hr,fqk  d&ifawmh pdwfcs&ygw,f? aus;Zl;vJ wifygw,fAsm? &Gmom;rsm;vJ 'Dusm;rao&if uRJvkdufEGm;vkdufawmif awmxJroGm;0HhMubl;? uRefawmfwkdU vifhpifxkd;ay;yghr,f}

 [k qkd NyD ;

]armifrJwkdU vif  hpifxkd;ay;vkdufMuuG,f? awmtkyfrif;udk ulnDMuygOD ;? 0kdif;vk yfay;vkdufMuyg? rif;wkdU tusdK;ygyJ}

rJ/ /]vihfawmh xkd;ay;r,fAsm? apmihfawmh rapmifh0Hhbl ;? t&ifwpfcg uRefawmfypfwkef;u [def;oGm;wJh toHBuD; ckxufxd em;xJ u rxGuf ao;bl;}

uRefawmf/ /]'D avmufvJ raMumufESif  hav? vifhom xkd;ay;yg? rif; apmifhzkdY rvkdygbl;? usKyf wpfa,mufwnf ; apmifhygr,f? udk if; xrif;pm;NyD; vmxkd;Muyg? nae uRefawmf vmapmifhyghr,f? udkif; oGm;MupkdY}

 qkdNyD; tm;vHk; &GmzufokdY jyefcJhMuav\/

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],ckaool udkbwifrSm usm;udk ufíao&jcif; trSefyifjzpfaMumif;? onfusm;rSmvJ qkd;aom vlom;pm;usm;jzpfí ypfowfoltm; ½Hk;awmfu qkaiGxkwfay;&ef uRefawmf tpD&ifcHygrnf}

 [k ajymqkdNyD; tif;&GmrSm udpö tenf;i,f  &Sd ao;onf? ESpf&ufavmufae&OD;rnf [k ajymqkdEIwfqufNyD; qif;oGm;av\/

 uRefawmfvnf; olBuD;tdrfrS qif;vmNyD; ysOfav;yife,ff awmacgif;tdrfokdY jyefcJh av\/ eHeufpm pm;NyD; awmacgif;armifausmfu wpfa&;wpfarmtdyf&ef ajymojzihf uRefawmfhtwGuf jyifxm;aom ckwifay:rSm acwåvSJí usm;udkd rnfuJhokdY ypf&rnfudk pOf;pm;vsuf tdyfaysmfoGm;av\/

 tdyf&mrSEkd;í em&DudkMunfhvkdufaomtcg em&Djyef wpfcsufxkd;NyDjzpfí jyef rtdyfbJ awmacgif;armifausmftm; tem;okdY ac:NyD;

]armifausmfa&? n q&mESifh rif;twlvkdufNyD; vifhapmifh0Hhyghrvm;}

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]q&m ? rjzpfbl;? uRefawmf usm;ypfawmh rvkduf0Hhbl; q&m? wjcm;[m bmyJ cdkif ;ckdif ; uRefawmfvkyfay;yghr,f}

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 [k jyefajymav\/ uRefawmfuvnf;

][kwfw,fuGm? aMumufwJ  hvlESifhawmh roGm;csifbl ;? [kdaeUuvJ aMumufwJhvlESifhoGm;vkdU wpfa,muf taocH&NyD? awmfNyDuGm? ig wpfa,mufwnf;yJ oGm;awmh r,f? usm;awmh raMumufygbl ;? wpfnvHk ; vlaoaumifBuD;ESifh ae&rSmawmh ausmenf;enf;pdrfhouGm? vifhxkd;aum oGm;MuNyDvm;}

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