معجم لمصطلحات خاصه للاثريين

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY

ATHR Programme Conservation of Cultural Heritage in the Arab Region

) (

Glossary of Arabic Terms for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage

Hossam Mahdy

For further information please contact: ATHR Programme, ICCROM ([email protected] )

1

Glossary of Terms for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage

in Arabic Alphabetical Order

Arabic - English


yrassolGhsilgnEcibarA80/70/13.0.1noisreV

:

. .

) : (

:

:

:

. :

(1

.

(2

.

: laaltA -maraH -rehaT -arbI -frU -

- aramAzaafiHlahqiF -faN -fqaW - (3

:,

sisolytsanA -

1

yrassolGhsilgnEcibarA80/70/13.0.1noisreV

eanucaL -

anitaP -

. :

. 0002

6002 5002 .

""

. . 7002

" " .

. .

: . / ( 1

( 2 ( 3

.gro.morcci@rahta:

2

ArabicEnglishGlossaryVersion1.0.31/07/08

List of Terms According to Arabic Alphabet

Arabic English Minimum intervention Blue shield Historical archaeology Urban archaeology Sampling Ethics of conservation Authenticity

Atlaal Curator

Anastylosis Ruins Significance Heritage significance Cultural significance Cosmic significance Retention of authenticity Retention of associations Retention of meaning Preventive measure Examination Disturbance Clearing Management Heritage management Risk management

Visitor management Resource management Site management Management of the archaeological site Associations Patrimony Restitution Guidelines Removal Replacement Use Sustainable use Appropriate use Maintenance strategy Risk preparedness Emergency preparedness Reproduction Repair Addition

Risk management framework

3


Revealing Reuse Adaptive reuse Reconstruction Rehabilitation Reassemble Recycle Rearrangement Reintegration Reburial Refill Repatriation Statement of significance Statement of conservation policies Intrusive Acquisition Access /

/ Public access

Reversibility Detracted from Construction

Patina Propagation Interpretation program Presentation program Vestige of the past Archaeological remains Historic town Infrastructure Environment Historic environment Physical environment Built environment Interdisciplinary - Intervention Historic Impact Historical Establish significance Interpretation Interpretation of authenticity Stabilization Periodical renewal Risk avoidance Risk identification Provenance Identification Destruction

Accidental destruction

4


Intentional destruction Investigations Intrusive investigations Archaeological investigations Control Development control Alteration Vandalism Planning for management Planning for conservation Surroundings Emergency intervention Curative intervention Preventive intervention Reinforcement Decay Registration Heritage Heritage of indigenous people Archaeological heritage Historic heritage Underwater heritage Cultural heritage Movable cultural heritage Living heritage Industrial heritage

World Heritage Material heritage Built heritage Built vernacular heritage Sustainable heritage Common heritage Architectural heritage Submerged heritage Cultural mapping Stratigraphy Restoration Falsify evidence Falsify historic evidence Falsify artistic evidence Recording Consultation Distorting the meaning Infill design

Evolution of cultural heritage Modification Risk of damage Risk

Enhancement

5


Displace Change of function Vernacular traditions Significance evaluation Risk evaluation Presentation Presentation of authenticity Popular presentation Traditional Risk mitigation/reduction Mitigate damage Intrusive technique Traditional technique Modern technique Non-intrusive technique Consolidation Authenticity assessment Impact assessment Risk assessment Site assessment Control assessment Assessment of vulnerability Integration Harmonious integration Integrity Integrity of heritage Ecological integrity Visual integrity Historical integrity Cultural integrity Aesthetic integrity Scientific integrity Physical integrity Adaptation Deterioration Natural deterioration Excavation Partial excavation Retouching Development Cultural development Urban development Sustainable development Heritage diversity Cultural diversity Threat Physical threat Frequency Documentation

Cultural

6


Inventorization Integral part Missing part Condition Condition of building Physical condition Conjecture Historic garden Conservation crafts

Haram Degradation Urban conservation Conservation Conservation-restoration - Environmental conservation Cultural conservation Permanent conservation Integrated conservation Architectural conservation Preventive conservation Preservation In situ preservation Protection Protect authenticity In-situ protection Permanent protection Temporary protection Integrated protection Environmental characteristic Historic character Representative character Physical characteristic Emergency preparedness plan Management plan Maintenance plan Integrated management plan Danger Hazard Vernacular Historic study Historical study ) ( Risk analysis

Degree of intervention Archaeological evidence Historic evidence Intangible evidence Tangible evidence

Documentary evidence

7


Collective memory Stakeholder Wall painting Safeguard Spirit of place Record Permanent record Shelter Cultural tourism Conservation policy Cultural policy Context Original context Environmental context Cultural context Natural context Traditional character Deaccession Vernacular form Physical form Maintenance Active maintenance Continuous maintenance Preventive maintenance Damage Irreparable damage

Tahir Historical stratification Superimposed Style Cultural route

'Urf Consequence

Ibra Display Period Treatment Archaeology

Amara Urban Work of art Risk management process Elements of heritage Curation Architectural element Agent of decay Agent of deterioration Non-renewable Irreversible

Incompatible

8


Incompatible with management Incompatible with protection Intangible World Heritage in Danger List

Inspection Initial inspection Investigation team Detach Loss Loss in value

Fiqh al hifaaz Understanding Comprehensive understanding World Heritage List Inventory Renewable Recognizable Replaceable Vulnerable Distinguishable Reversible Vulnerability Carrying capacity Shared decision Object ) - - ( Listing Conflicting values Value Economic value Rarity value Identity value Archaeological value Social value Human value Historic value Heritage value Cultural value Outstanding cultural value Aesthetic value Intrinsic value Symbolic value Spiritual value Universal value Outstanding universal value Artistic value Architectural value

Attributed value

9


Documentary value Disaster Irreplaceable

Lacunae Monument Historic monument Conservation laboratory Historic property Cultural property Vernacular structure Original material Physical Historic building Heritage building Vernacular building Site museum Multidisciplinary - Distinct Compatible Collections Groups of buildings Collections of heritage significance Cultural group Conservator Archaeological reserve Setting Traditional setting Conservation plan Conservation master plan Conservation approach Collections manager Site manager Historic city Monitoring World Heritage Centre Restorer Causes of deterioration Replica Sustainable Level of significance Survey Condition survey Archaeological survey Ground survey Aerial survey General survey Information source World Heritage Convention International convention

Risk criteria

10


Endangered Conservation architect Place Historic place Heritage place Place of heritage significance Spiritual place Architectural feature Sculptural feature Practitioner Historic area Conservation area Urban area Historic urban area Buffer zone Protected area Landscape Cultural landscape Natural landscape Regional organization International organization Prevention of decay Prevention of deterioration Detached Archaeological method Archaeological methodology Abandoned Threatened Resource Archaeological resource Cultural resource Non-renewable cultural source Spiritual resource Non-renewable source Material resource Location Site Site of the monument Archaeological site Historic site Significant site In-situ )( International charter

Nafe' Sculpture Fabric (of heritage) )( Historic fabric

Physical fabric

11


12

Dissemination Memorial Relocation Moving Urban pattern Heritage typology

Type of risk Demolition Identity

Indigenous identity Regional identity Cultural identity Local identity National identity Original document Authentic document

Historic document Historical document

Unity of the whole State of conservation State of preservation Existing state Underlying state

Function Appropriate function

Awareness Waqf

2

-

Glossary of Terms for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage

in English Alphabetical Order

English - Arabic


EnglishArabicGlossaryVersion1.0.31/07/08

GlossaryofArabicTermsfortheConservationofCulturalHeritage

ScopeStatus: Thisisapreliminarydocumentdistributedtoinvite

discussionandcomments.Itshouldnotbeseenasanattempttoimposeaterminology.

Content: Theoreticalterms(technicaltermswillbeaddressedina

nextphaseaccordingtothemesandgeographicregions).Language: ModernClassicalArabicGeography: AllArabicspeakingcountriesMedia: DigitalwebpublicationMethodologyThecriteriaforArabicspecializedterminologythatweresetbytheInstituteofArabiclanguageinCairowererespected.TheListofTermsistheresultofthreeparallelapproaches:1) TranslationofEnglishtermsInternationalcharters,conventionsandpublicationsontheculturalheritageconservationwerereviewedforkeywords,termsandconcepts.AnArabictranslationforeachEnglishtermwaschosen.2) AdoptingArabictermsandtransliteratingthemfornonArabicspeakersArabichistoricalsourceswerereviewedforwordsthatsignifyconceptsandmeaningsthatarespecifictoArabicculture.Ninewordsareidentified.TheyarerepresentedinEnglishbytransliterationinordertokeeptheirArabicspirit:

Atlaal Tangibleandintangibleaspectsofruins,includingmemoriesandfeelings

Haram Aprotectedplacethatincludesasignificantsite,itsassociations,intangibleaspectsanditsbuffer

14


Taher

TheIslamicconceptofpurityandcleanliness

Ibra Thoughts,feelingsandlessonslearntfromheritage,historyandarchaeology

Urf

Conventions,norms,traditionsandrulesinheritedandappliedbythecommunity

Amara Tangibleandintangibleaspectsoflivinginaplace,includingphysical,emotional,psychologicalandspiritualaspects

FiqhalHifaaz TheoreticalandpracticalknowledgeofIslamicviewsontheconservationofculturalheritage

Naf Utility,use,functionandtheaddedvalueofanobject,place,personorconcept

Waqf AsystemofendowmentthatwasdevelopedinMuslimcommunitiestosecurethesustainablemanagementandconservationofpublicinstitutions

AdetailedexplanationofeachoftheabovetermsandtherationaleforselectingittorepresentauniqueArabicconceptorvaluewillbepublishedinalaterversionofthiswork.3) ArabictransliterationofLatintermsThreesignificantLatinwordsareadoptedbymostmodernlanguagesinthefieldofconservationforculturalheritage.ThesewordsaretransliteratedinArabic:

Anastylosis Lacunae Patina

AcknowledgementsThisworkisalifetimeconcernforme.IstartedworkingontheGlossaryintheyear2000.IamindebtedtotheBarakatTrustatOxfordUniversityforawardingmetwograntsin2005and2006whichpermittedmetovisitthelibrariesofICOMOSinParisandICCROMinRome.IwouldliketoacknowledgethecrucialsupportthatIreceivedfromICCROMbypermittingmetouseitsexcellentATHARtrainingcoursetotestmanyideasandthoughtsagainstthedifferentregionallinguisticdifferencesinArabcountries.ICCROMalsosupportedthisworkbyofferingmeathreemonthfellowshipintheyear2007whichcontributedimmenselytothedevelopmentofthework.IamalsoindebtedtoICCROManditsATHARprogramforthewebpublicationofthisWordList.IwouldliketothankZakiAslanandRobertKillikinparticular.Itisimpossibletomentioninthisworkingdocumentallthenamesoffamily,friendsandcolleagueswhohelpedmeinthedifferentstagesofthiswork.ToallofthemIamdeeplygrateful.However,Iremainthesoleresponsibleforanymistakesorshortcomingsinthepresentwork.

15


16

CallforCommentsandContributionsTheauthorispreparingapublicationontherationale,methodologyandexplanationsoftheglossary.Commentsonthecontentwouldbewelcome,particularlywhenaddressedtothefollowingquestions:1) Aretheproposedtermsappropriate/sufficienttoestablishanuptodate

understandingof,andencourageadebateon,theconservationofculturalheritageintheArabregion?

ForArabicspeakingspecialists:2) AretheselectedArabicwordsappropriatelyequivalenttotheEnglishones?

3) AretheproposedArabictermsadequateforuseinyourcountryforeducation,

raisingawareness,professionalandacademicpurposes?

Pleasesendallquestions,commentsandsuggestionsto:[email protected]


List of Terms According to English Alphabet

Arabic English 'Urf

Abandoned / Access Accidental destruction

Acquisition Active maintenance

Adaptation Adaptive reuse

Addition Aerial survey

Aesthetic integrity Aesthetic value

Agent of decay Agent of deterioration

Alteration Amara

Anastylosis Appropriate function

Appropriate use Archaeological evidence Archaeological heritage

Archaeological investigations Archaeological method

Archaeological methodology Archaeological remains

Archaeological reserve Archaeological resource Archaeological site Archaeological survey Archaeological value Archaeology

Architectural conservation Architectural element Architectural feature Architectural heritage Architectural value

Artistic value Assessment of vulnerability

Associations Atlaal

Attributed value Authentic document

Authenticity Authenticity assessment

Awareness Blue shield

17


Buffer zone Built environment

Built heritage Built vernacular heritage Carrying capacity Causes of deterioration

Change of function Clearing

Collections Collections manager

Collections of heritage significance

Collective memory Common heritage

Compatible Comprehensive understanding

Condition Condition of building Condition survey

Conflicting values Conjecture Consequence Conservation

Conservation approach Conservation architect

Conservation area

Conservation crafts

Conservation laboratory Conservation master plan

Conservation plan Conservation policy

Conservator - Conservation-restoration Consolidation Construction Consultation Context

Continuous maintenance Control

Control assessment Cosmic significance

Cultural Cultural conservation cultural context Cultural development Cultural diversity

Cultural group Cultural heritage Cultural identity

Cultural integrity

18


Cultural landscape Cultural mapping

Cultural policy Cultural property Cultural resource Cultural route Cultural significance

Cultural tourism Cultural value

Curation Curative intervention Curator

Damage Danger

De-accession Decay

Degradation Degree of intervention

Demolition Destruction Detach

Detached Deterioration

Detracted from Development

Development control Disaster

Displace Display Dissemination

Distinct Distinguishable

Distorting the meaning Disturbance

Documentary evidence Documentary value

Documentation Ecological integrity

Economic value Elements of heritage Emergency intervention

Emergency preparedness Emergency preparedness plan

Endangered Enhancement Environment

Environmental characteristic Environmental conservation Environmental context

Establish significance

19


Ethics of conservation Evolution of cultural heritage

Examination Excavation

Existing state ( )Fabric (of heritage)

Falsify artistic evidence Falsify evidence

Falsify historic evidence Fiqh al hifaaz

Frequency Function

General survey Ground survey

Groups of buildings Guidelines

Haram Harmonious integration

Hazard Heritage

Heritage building Heritage diversity Heritage management

Heritage of indigenous people Heritage place Heritage significance Heritage typology Heritage value

Historic Historic area Historic building

Historic character Historic city Historic document Historic environment Historic evidence Historic fabric Historic garden Historic heritage Historic monument Historic place Historic property Historic site Historic study Historic town

Historic urban area Historic value

Historical Historical archaeology Historical document

20

EnglishArabicGlossaryVersion1.0.31/07/08 Historical integrity Historical stratification )

( Historical study

Human value Ibra

Identification Identity

Identity value Impact

Impact assessment Incompatible

Incompatible with management Incompatible with protection Indigenous identity

Industrial heritage

Infill design

Information source Infrastructure

Initial inspection )( In situ

in-situ preservation In-situ protection

Inspection Intangible

Intangible evidence Integral part Integrated conservation

Integrated management plan Integrated protection

Integration Integrity

Integrity of heritage Intentional destruction

- Interdisciplinary International charter International convention International organization

Interpretation Interpretation of authenticity Interpretation program

Intervention Intrinsic value

Intrusive Intrusive investigations

Intrusive technique Inventorization

Inventory Investigation team

Investigations

21


Irreparable damage Irreplaceable

Irreversible Lacunae

Landscape Level of significance

Listing Living heritage

Local identity Location

Loss Loss in value

Maintenance Maintenance plan

Maintenance strategy Management

Management of the archaeological site Management plan Material heritage Material resource

Memorial Minimum intervention Missing part

Mitigate damage Modern technique

Modification Monitoring Monument

Movable cultural heritage Moving

- Multidisciplinary Nafe'

National identity Natural context Natural deterioration

Natural landscape Non-intrusive technique Non-renewable

Non-renewable cultural source Non-renewable source

) - - (

Object

Original context Original document Original material

Outstanding cultural value Outstanding universal value

Partial excavation Patina Patrimony Period

22

EnglishArabicGlossaryVersion1.0.31/07/08 Periodical renewal Permanent conservation

Permanent protection Permanent record

Physical Physical characteristic

Physical condition Physical environment Physical fabric Physical form

Physical integrity Physical threat

Place Place of heritage significance

Planning for conservation Planning for management

Popular presentation Practitioner Presentation

Presentation of authenticity Presentation program

Preservation Prevention of decay Prevention of deterioration

Preventive conservation Preventive intervention Preventive maintenance Preventive measure

Propagation Protect authenticity Protected area

Protection Provenance

/

Public access

Rarity value Rearrangement Reassemble Reburial

Recognizable Reconstruction

Record Recording

Recycle Refill

Regional identity Regional organization

Registration Rehabilitation

Reinforcement

23

EnglishArabicGlossaryVersion1.0.31/07/08 Reintegration

Relocation Removal

Renewable Repair

Repatriation Replaceable

Replacement Replica

Representative character Reproduction Resource

Resource management Restitution

Restoration Restorer

Retention of associations Retention of authenticity Retention of meaning

Retouching Reuse

Revealing Reversibility

Reversible Risk

Risk analysis

Risk assessment Risk avoidance Risk criteria Risk evaluation Risk identification

Risk management

Risk management framework

Risk management process

Risk mitigation/ reduction Risk of damage

Risk preparedness Ruins Safeguard

Sampling Scientific integrity Sculptural feature

Sculpture Setting

Shared decision Shelter Significance

Significance evaluation

24


Significant site Site

Site assessment Site management Site Manager

Site museum Site of the monument

Social value Spirit of place Spiritual place Spiritual resource Spiritual value Stabilization

Stakeholder State of conservation State of preservation

Statement of conservation policies Statement of significance Stratigraphy

Style Submerged heritage

Superimposed Surroundings Survey

Sustainable Sustainable development Sustainable heritage

Sustainable use Symbolic value

Tahir Tangible evidence Temporary protection

Threat Threatened Traditional

Traditional character Traditional setting

Traditional technique Treatment

Type of risk Underlying state

Understanding Underwater heritage

Unity of the whole Universal value

Urban Urban archaeology

Urban area Urban conservation Urban development

25


26

Urban pattern Use

Value Vandalism Vernacular

Vernacular building Vernacular form Vernacular structure

Vernacular traditions Vestige of the past Visitor management Visual integrity

Vulnerability Vulnerable

Wall painting Waqf

Work of art

World Heritage in Danger List

World Heritage List World Heritage

World Heritage Centre World Heritage Convention

coverpage_separator131_07_Arab_Eng_glossary revpage_separator231_07_Eng_Arab_glossary rev

معجم لمصطلحات خاصه للاثريين

Documents