* .

* 1.

* (hardware) (software)

* , . .

* (hardware)

* 2.

* *.txt WordPad *.doc ( + ) Word *.doc, *.docx ( + + + + ) OpenOffice Writer *.odt openoffice.org

* : Paint *.bmp ( *.gif, *.jpg) Adobe Photoshop *.psd www.adobe.com Gimp www.gimp.org Paint.NET www.getpaint.net :CorelDraw *.cdr www.corel.com Adobe Illustrator *.ai www.adobe.com Inkscape www.inkscape.orgOpenOffice Draw *.odg

* ( *.avi, *.mpg, *.wmv)Movie Maker ( Windows)Pinnacle Studio www.pinnaclesys.ru Adobe Premier www.adobe.com (, , )Microsoft PublisherQuarkXPress www.quark.com Adobe InDesign www.adobe.comScribus http://www.scribus.net/

* Microsoft Excel *.xls, *.xlsxOpenOffice Calc *.ods Microsoft Access *.mdb, *.accdbOpenOffice Base *.odb Microsoft PowerPoint *.ppt, *.pptxOpenOffice Impress *.odp

* Web- Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox www.mozilla.org Opera www.opera.com Safari www.apple.com Chrome http://www.google.com/chrome/ e-mailMicrosoft Outlook Express ( Windows)Microsoft OutlookTheBat www.ritlabs.com Mozilla Thunderbird www.mozilla-russia.org

? (Open Source): ( ) ( )

(Freeware): ; ; : LinuxGimpAvastFirefoxOpera*

* ?- (Shareware): : (30 ) . : (!) (-, )Nero Burning RomTheBat

* : : 1 ( ) , ( !)

* 3.

* () , ( ) . ( ): (, ) , (, , )

* FAT32 (Windows 95/98/2000/XP/Vista/7) NTFS (Windows NT/2000/XP/Vista/7) Windows:Linux:ext3, ext4 ( )

* , 1 , () (BIOS = Basic Input and Output System), - , , (command.com, cmd.exe) ,

* (II) (. utilitas ) : (fdisk.exe) (format.com) (chkdsk.exe) (regedit.exe) (ping.exe) (. driver ) , ( *.sys Windows) , , , , ,

* (), . : MS DOS, FreeDOS, DR DOS, PC DOS ; .Windows 95/98/MeWindows NT/2000/XP/2003/Vista/7UNIX ()Linux UNIX- QNX

* , .

. = +

*, AVP, . , www.avp.ru DrWeb, . www.drweb.com Norton Antivirus www.symantec.com www.mcafee.com NOD32 www.eset.com WinRAR (. ) *.rar, *.zip www.rarsoft.com WinZIP *.zip www.winzip.com

*, Everest www.lavalys.com SiSoft www.sisoftware.net (MiraScan, EpsonScan, ) CD DVD Nero Burning ROM www.nero.com DeepBurner Free www.deepburner.com

* 4. ( )

* ( ) , .: ( ) (, ):

* 600, 20.- : : 09 FE AC 3F: : mov AX, BX: (): : (1965), (1970), , : (1972), (Delphi), (1957), Visual Basic : , : : JavaScript, Java, PHP, Perl, ASP,

, .program qq;var x: integer;begin x := 1; writeln('! X = ', x);end;101011010

* 1 ;

(*.exe); ( 400 !)

* ( , Linker) , .

* (. debugger) , ( ). : (. breakpoints) (. profiler) , , ( ) .: , (. bottleneck ), .

* (. IDE = Integrated Development Environment) : : Turbo Pascal Borland C++ Microsoft Visual C++

* (. RAD = Rapid Application Development) : Delphi, Borland C++ Builder, Visual Studio

* 5.

** . 44 . 1:

, IV (2006) http://www.internet-law.ru/law/kodeks/gk4.htm , (1993) http://www.morepc.ru/informatisation/osplaw0003.html http://www.interlaw.ru/law/docs/10008000/

** ( , , , ) (, ) , , , ;

* ( ) , : , 2008 ( ) 70

* : ( ) ( , , ) ( ): ( .. )

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( ) (!) USB

* () ( ) ()

* 146. . (50000 .) () 6 , , , 2 , (250000 .) 5

* : , , 272. . 2 5 273. , . 3 7 274. . 2 4

* : ( ); , ; . : ; .

* () () ( ) ..

* ? (Open Source): ( ) ( )

(Freeware): ; ; : LinuxGimpAvastFirefoxOpera

* ?- (Shareware): : (30 ) . : (!) (-, )Nero Burning RomTheBat

* GNU GPLGNU General Public Licence: , GPL

* 6. .

* ( CD, DVD). : . : , : : , : (*.jpg) (*.mp3) (*.mpg)

* ? RLE (. Run Length Encoding, , *.bmp)100100200 qq.txt qq.rle ()4 50 ! , , .

AAABBB

A100B100

* ? : (, ) : LZW (--) PPM (WinRAR)

(*.exe) (*.zip, *.rar) (*.gif, *.jpg, *.png, *.tif, ) (*.mp3, *.wma) (*.mpg, *.wmv) (*.txt) (*.doc, *.xls) (*.bmp) (*.wav) (*.avi)

* SFX- (. SelF eXtracting -) *.exe, ( 15 ). , . : WinRAR:abc.part1.rar, abc.part2.rar, . SFX-: abc.part1.exe, abc.part2.rar, .

* WinRAR (. ): WinRAR :

* WinRAR: SFX

* WinRAR: ?

* WinRAR

* 7.

* ? , . : e-mail

*

* ? *.exe, *.com *.bat *.sys *.dll *.doc, *.xls, *.mdbWeb- *.txt *.gif, *.jpg, *.png, *.tif (*.wav, *.mp3, *.wma) (*.avi, *.mpg, *.wmv) ( ) , - , .

* ; ; CD(DVD)- -; (Word Excel); e-mail ; Web- ; Web-.

* *.exe, *.sys, *.dll ( ). (, . boot ) , . . (*.doc, *.xls, *.mdb). ( Visual Basic Script, JavaScript, BAT, PHP) (*.bat), Web- (*.htm, *.html).

* ; , , ( )IRC-, IM- IRC- - (ICQ, AOL, Windows Messenger, MSN Messenger)P2P- P2P (peer-to-peer) , Windows, Internet Explorer, Outlook .

* Backdoor ( , , ) ( , , , , )DOS- (. Denial Of Service ) , - () (. downloader) , , ( )

*- ; ; .

*- , ( , ); ; (, Word); ; Web-; ICQ

* AVP = Antiviral Toolkit Pro (www.avp.ru) . DrWeb (www.drweb.com) . Norton Antivirus (www.symantec.com)McAfee (www.mcafee.ru)NOD32 (www.eset.com)-::Avast Home (www.avast.com)Antivir Personal (free-av.com)AVG Free (free.grisoft.com)

* ( ) ( )- (, Web-) ( ): - ( -)- ( )- ( )

*

* :

* DrWeb (): DrWeb, ()

* DrWeb:

* (, ) ZyWALL UTM (ZyXEL ) (on-line) ActiveX, http://www.kaspersky.ru/virusscannerhttp://www.bitdefender.com http://security.symantec.comhttp://us.mcafee.com/root/mfs/default.asp

* CD DVD ( ? ?) -, (. firewall) , - , e-mail , -

* . . , (, CD, DVD). . , Windows . , (format.com). , . (fdisk.exe). ( ), .

*

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