السياسات الحكومية الهادفة إلى تحسين أداء أسواق العمل
DESCRIPTION
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقديم المعلومات التي يمكن أن تستند إليها الحكومات في تدخلها في أسواق العمل، فهي تنظر في تجارب إعداد السياسات الهادفة إلى تحسين أداء أسواق العمل في المنطقة العربية وتحللها، وتعرض الخيارات والفرص المتاحة لإعداد هذه السياسات على أسس الشمولية والكفاءة وما يعترض ذلك من قيود. تقع هذه الدراسة في فصلين رئيسيين. الفصل الأول يناقش تجارب إعداد السياسات الهادفة إلى تحسين أداء أسواق العمل في بلدان متقدمة وبلدان نامية وبلدان تمر بمرحلة انتقالية في أنحاء مختلفة من العالم.فينظر في كيفية اعتماد هذه السياسات وفي مواطن قوتها وضعفها وما تنطوي عليه من قضايا سياساتية، ومنهاتحديد الجهات المستفيدة منها، ومسؤوليات القطاعين العام والخاص، وتقييم آثارها. ويبين هذا الفصل أن عمليةاختيار وتصميم هذه السياسات ترتبط بالظروف السائدة، فتتأثر بالأهداف الاقتصادية والسياسية والاجتماعيةلصانعي السياسات وببنية سوق العمل والقدرات الإدارية والمالية للدولة.ويتضمن الفصل الثاني لمحة عامة عن السياسات الهادفة إلى تحسين أداء أسواق العمل في بعضالبلدان الأعضاء في اللجنة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لغربي آسيا )الإسكوا(. ويستند هذا الفصل إلى أبحاثأجريت خصيصاً للدراسة وبيانات عن 25 برنامجاً في المنطقة، فينظر في الأساس المنطقي لهذه السياساتوفي أهدافها والفئات الموجهة إليها ونطاقها وتصميمها، وفي القضايا السياساتية الرئيسية الخاصة بكل فئة منهذه السياسات. ويتضمن هذا الفصل تعريفاً بالاتجاهات الرئيسية السائدة والدروس المكتسبة من هذه السياساتفي البلدان العربية. ومن هذه الاتجاهات والدروس ما يلي: تبقى فئة الشباب هي الفئة التي تتوجه إليها سياسات تحسين أداء سوق العمل بشكل متكرّرTRANSCRIPT
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