ชุดแบบฝึกเรื่อง กรด เบส ชุด 6
DESCRIPTION
ชุดแบบฝึกเรื่อง กรด เบส ชุด 6TRANSCRIPT
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20
30223 5
6
-
6
- 3 30223 5 - 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 pH 8
9 10 11
6
-
6
................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. / ................................................................................ 1 ... 2 .... 3 ....................................................................................................................... 6 6 ...... 7 ... 13 6.1 .................................................... 14 6.2 ..... 16 6.3 ..... 18 6.4 ....... 20 ...... 22 .. 25 ....... 26 6.1 ............................................ 27 6.2 ................................................ 28 6.3 ....... 30 6.4 ............... 33 ....... 35
............................................................................................................ 36
-
6
6
3
3.2
H3O
+ OH-
1. 2. 25 oC 3. 4. 5. 6.
1
6
-
6
3 30223 5 11 6
1. 10 10
2. 3. 4. 6.1 6.4 5.
6.
7. 10 10
8. 8
2
-
6
(X)
1.
H2O(l) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)
. K = [H2O][H2O] . K = [H3O
+][OH-]
. K = 22
3
OHOHOH
. Kw = K[H2O]2 = [H3O
+][OH-] 2. Kw
. Kw . Kw . Kw . Kw
3. . . H3O
+ OH- . H3O
+ OH- 10-7 mol/dm3 .
3
-
6
4.
. [H3O+] [H3O
+] . . [H3O
+] [OH-] . [OH-]
5. [H+] = 3.0 x 10-7 M [OH-]
. 1.0 x 10-7 M . 2.0 x 10-7 M . 3.3 x 10-8 M . 4.0 x 10-9 M
6. Ka HF = 6.76 x 10-4 M 25 C Kb F
- . 1.48 x 10-11 M . 1.50 x 10-12 M . 1.60 x 10-13 M . 1.77 x 10-13 M
7. 0.4 M 10 cm3 100 cm3 [H+] [OH-] . [H+] = 1.0 x 10-7 = [OH-] . [H+] = 1.0 x 10-7 M
[OH-] = 3.6 x 10-2 M . [H+] = 2.8 x 10-13 M
[OH-] = 3.6 x 10-2 M . [H+] = 3.6 x 10-2 M
[OH-] = 2.8 x 10-2 M
4
-
6
8. 0.01 M Ka = 10-5
[H3O+]
. 1.00 x 10-2 M . 2.10 x 10-3 M . 3.50 x 10-5 M . 3.16 x 10-4 M
9. HCl 0.1 M 100 cm3 300 cm3 [H3O
+] . 0.10 M . 0.15 M . 0.25 M . 0.30 M
10. 0.1 mol/dm3 Kb = 10-5 50 cm 3
450 cm3 OH- . [H+] = [OH-] . [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-4 M . [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-10 M . [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-7
5
-
6
(Kw) = 1.0 10
-14 25 oC H3O
+ OH- 1.0 10-7 mol/dm3 Ka Kb Ka.Kb = Kw
6
.. ...
.. H3O
+ OH- H2O [OH
-] ...
-
6
6.1
6.4 .......................................................................................................................................................
() 60 - 70
6.1
60-70 0C
40 80 90 85 80
()
H3O+ + OH-H2O + H2O
H+
H+ OH- H+ H3O
+ - H2O (l) + H2O (l) H3O
+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
7
6
-
6
H2O
K = 22
3
O][H]][OHO[H
Kw = K[H2O]2
= [H3O+][OH-]
= 1 x 10-14
Kw 1 x 10-14 25 0C
H3O+ OH-
[H3O+] = [OH-]
= wK
= 1410 x 1.0 = 1 x 10-7 mol/dm3 25 0C H3O
+ OH-
6.2 Kw
(0C) Kw 0 10 20 25 30 40 50 60
0.114 x 10-14 0.292 x 10-14 0.681 x 10-14 1.010 x 10-14 1.470 x 10-14 2.920 x 10-14 5.470 x 10-14 9.610 x 10-14
H3O+ OH-
Kw = 1 x 10-14 [H3O
+] [OH-] = 1 x 10-7 H3O
+ OH- H3O+
OH-
8
-
6
HCl HCl H3O
+ Cl- H3O+
H2O (l) + H2O (l) H3O
+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
HCl (l) + H2O (l) H3O+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
H3O
+ H3O+
OH- H2O [OH-]
Kw = [H3O
+][OH-]
[H3O+] =
][OHKw
[H3O+] [OH-] OH-
[OH-] [H3O+]
Kw = [H3O+][OH-] [H3O
+] [OH-] [OH-] [H3O
+]
[H3O+] = [OH-]
[H3O+] > [OH-]
[H3O+] < [OH-]
1 [H3O+] = 1 x 10-2 mol/dm3 [OH-]
Kw = [H3O+][OH-]
1 x 10-14 = (1 x 10-2) [OH-]
[OH-] = 214
10 x 110 x 1
= 1 x 10-12 mol/dm3
[OH-] 1 x 10-12 mol/dm3
9
-
6
2 H3O+ 1.0 x 10-3 mol
OH- 1 L
[H3O+] = 1 x 10-7 mol/dm3
[H3O+] = 1 x 10-3 mol/dm3
[H3O+] = ( 1 x 10-3) + ( 1 x 10-7) 1 x 10-3
Kw = [H3O+][OH-]
[OH-] = ]O[H
K3
w
= 314
10 x 110 x 1
= 1 x 10-11 mol/dm3
[OH-] 1 x 10-11 mol/dm3 [OH-] (< 1 x 10-7)
3 HCl 3.65 5 dm3
H3O+ OH- (H = 1 , Cl = 35.5)
HCl = 35.51
3.65
= 0.10 mol HCl 5 dm3 HCl = 0.10 mol
HCl 1 dm3 HCl = 5
1 x 0.10
= 0.02 mol/dm3 HCl 100%
HCl + H2O (l) H3O+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
0.02 0.02 0.02 mol/dm3 [H3O
+] = 0.02 mol/dm3
10
-
6
[OH-] = ]O[H
K3
w
= 0.02
10 x 1 14
= 0.5 10-12 mol/dm3
H3O+ OH- 0.02 mol/dm3
0.5 10-12 mol/dm3
Ka , Kb Kw
- Kw = Ka . Kb
NH4
+ - NH3 NH4
+ + H2O NH3 + H3O
+
Ka = ][NH]O][H[NH
4
33
NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-
Kb = ][NH]][OH[NH
3
4
Ka . Kb = ][NH]O][H[NH
4
33
. ][NH
]][OH[NH3
4
= [H3O+] [OH-] = Kw
4 Ka CH3COOH 1.8 x 10-5 Kb
CH3COOH
CH3COOH + H2O CH3COO- + H3O
+
Ka = COOH][CH]O][HCOO[CH
3
33
= 1.8 x 10-5
11
-
6
CH3COO
- + H2O CH3COOH + OH-
Kb = ]COO[CH]COOH][OH[CH
3
3
Ka . Kb = COOH][CH]O][HCOO[CH
3
33
. ]COO[CH
]COOH][OH[CH3
3
Ka . Kb = [H3O+] [OH-] = Kw
1.8 x 10-5 . Kb = 1.0 x 10-14
Kb = 514
10 x 1.810 x 1
= 5.55 10-10
Kb CH3COOH 5.55 10-10
5 Kb N2H4 1.7 x 10-6 Ka N2H4
N2H4 + H2O N2H5+ + OH-
Ka . Kb = [H3O
+] [OH-] = Kw
Ka . 1.7 10-6 = 1.0 10-14
Ka = 614
10 x 1.710 x 1
= 5.88 10-9
Ka N2H4 5.88 10-9
12
-
6
6.1
1) 10
2) 6 3)
6.2
1 5 2) 3
3)
6.3
1) 5 2) 3 3)
6.4
1) 5 2) 3 3) ...
13
-
6
1. 2. 3.
1
1.
1. 2. 3. (0-100 A) 4. 5. 6. 100 cm3 7.
10 cm3
1 1
1 1 1 1 1
6.1
14
-
6
1. 10 cm3
2. 6.1
3. 60 C 2
6.1
(A)
60-70 C
....................................................
....................................................
................................
................................
1. ................................ ................................
2. .................................................................................
15
-
6
1. H3O+ OH-
H3O+ OH- -
(mol/dm3) -
[H3O+] [OH-]
A B C D E F G H I J
1.0 x10-7 2.0 x10-5
.. 5.0 x10-7 1.0 x10-9
.. ..
1.0 x10-5 4.5 x10-7
. .
1.0 x10-2
.. ..
1.0 x10-4 2.5 x10-4
.. ..
1.0 x10-13
6.2
16
-
6
2. [H3O+] [OH-] [Cl-] HCl
0.15 M. . . . .
17
-
6
1. KOH 1.0 10-4 mol [H3O
+] 1 dm3 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6.3
18
-
6
2. 0.1 mol/dm3 Kb = 10-5 50 cm3
450 cm3 [H3O+]
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19
-
6
1. HCl 7.30 5 dm3 [OH-] (H = 1 , Cl = 35.5) .. ...
20
6.4
-
6
2. 0.1 mol 50 cm3
250 cm3 [OH-] mol/dm3
21
-
6
(X)
1.
. . [H3O
+] [OH-] . [H3O
+] [H3O+]
. [OH-]
2. . . H3O
+ OH- 10-7 mol/dm3 . H3O
+ OH- .
3. Kw . Kw . Kw . Kw . Kw
22
-
6
4.
H2O(l) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)
. K = [H2O][H2O] . K = [H3O
+][OH-]
. K = 22
3
OHOHOH
. Kw = K[H2O]2 = [H3O
+][OH-] 5. Ka HF = 6.76 x 10
-4 M 25 C Kb F-
. 1.48 x 10-11 M . 1.50 x 10-12 M . 1.60 x 10-13 M . 1.77 x 10-13 M
6. 0.1 mol/dm3 Kb = 10-5
50 cm3 450 cm3 OH- . [H+] = [OH-] . [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-4 M . [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-10 M . [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-7
7. 0.01 M Ka = 10-5
[H3O+]
. 1.00 x 10-2 M . 2.10 x 10-3 M . 3.16 x 10-4 M . 3.50 x 10-5 M
23
-
6
8. 0.4 M 10 cm3
100 cm3 [H+] [OH-] . [H+] = 1.0 x 10-7 = [OH-] . [H+] = 2.8 x 10-13 M
[OH-] = 3.6 x 10-2 M . [H+] = 1.0 x 10-7 M
[OH-] = 3.6 x 10-2 M . [H+] = 3.6 x 10-2 M
[OH-] = 2.8 x 10-2 M 9. HCl 0.1 M 100 cm3 300 cm3
[H3O+]
. 0.10 M . 0.15 M . 0.25 M . 0.30 M
10. [H+] = 3.0 x 10-7 M [OH-] . 1.0 x 10-7 M . 2.0 x 10-7 M . 3.3 x 10-8 M . 4.0 x 10-9 M
24
-
6
. . . : , 2536
. .. : , 2550
. . 6 2 034.
: , 2533 ,. 3. :
, 2547. ,. 3.
: , 2547. . . 5 3 4. : .. ,
2548 . . 5 3. : .. , 2547
. .5 3. : ,
2537
25
-
6
26
-
6
(A)
60-70 C
40 80
1.
2.
27
6.1
-
6
1. H3O+ OH-
H3O+ OH- -
(mol/dm3) -
[H3O+] [OH-]
A B C D E F G H I J
1.0 x 10-7 2.0 x 10-5 1.0 x 10-12 5.0 x 10-7 1.0 x 10-9
1.0 x 10-10 4.0 x 10-11 1.0 x 10-5 4.5 x 10-7 1.0 x 10-1
1.0 x 10-7 5.0 x 10-10 1.0 x 10-2
2.0 x 10-8 1.0 x 10-5 1.0 x 10-4 2.5 x 10-4 1.0 x 10-9 2.2 x 10-8 1.0 x 10-13
28
6.2
-
6
2. [H3O+] [OH-] [Cl-] HCl
0.15 M.
HCl 100 % HCl(aq) + H2O(l) Cl
-(aq) + H3O+(aq)
[Cl-] = [H3O
+] = 0.15 M Kw = [H3O
+][OH-] 1.0 x 10-14 = [0.15][OH-]
[OH-] =
[OH-] = 6.67 10-14 [H3O
+] = 0.15 M
[OH-] = 6.67 x 10-14 M
[Cl-] = 0.15 M
29
-
6
1. KOH 1.0 x 10-4 mol [H3O
+] 1 dm3
KOH 100 % KOH(s) K+(aq) + OH-(aq)
[OH-] = 1.0 x 10-7 mol/dm3
[OH-] = 1.0 x 10-4 mol/dm3
[OH-] = (1.0 x 10-7) + (1.0 x 10-4) 1.0 x 10-4 Kw = [H3O
+] [OH-]
= 1.0 x 10-10
H3O+ 1.0 x 10-10 mol/dm3
H2O
30
6.3
-
6
2. 0.1 mol/dm3 Kb = 10-5 50 cm3
450 cm3 [H3O+]
XOH(aq) X+(aq) + OH-(aq)
(mol/dm3) 0.1 - - (mol/dm3) 0.1- x x x
(X 0.1 x 0.1) X2 = 0.1 x 10-5 X = 1.0 x 10-3 [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-3 mol/dm3
1,000 cm3 OH- 1.0 x 10-3 mol
50 cm3
= 5.0 x 10-5 mol
[OH-] 1.0 x 10-7 mol/dm3 1,000 cm3 [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-7 mol
450 cm3 =
= 4.5 x 10-8 mol
31
H2O
-
6
[OH-] = 4.5 x 10-8 mol/450 cm3 [OH-] = 5.0 x 10-5 mol/50 cm3 [OH-] = (4.5 x 10-8) + (5.0 x 10-5) 5.0 x 10-5 mol/500 cm3 = 1.0 x 10-4 mol/dm3 Kw = [H3O
+][OH-]
= 1.0 x 10-10
H3O
+ 1.0 x 10-10 mol/dm3
32
-
6
1. HCl 7.30 5 dm3 [OH-] (H = 1 , Cl = 35.5)
HCl 36.5 g 1 mol
HCl 7.30 g
HCl 0.2 mol 5 dm3 0.04 mol/dm3 HCl(g) + H2O(l) H3O
+(aq) + Cl-(aq) 0.04 - - (mol/dm3) 100 % - 0.04 0.04 Kw = [H3O
+][OH- ]
[OH-] = 2.5 x 10-12
OH- 2.5 x 10-12 mol/dm3
33
6.4
-
6
2. 0.1 mol 50 cm3 250 cm3 [OH-] mol/dm3
[OH-] = 1.0 x 10-7 mol/dm3 1,000 cm3 [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-7 mol
250 cm3 =
= 2.5 x 10-8 mol
[OH-] = 2.5 x 10-8 mol/250 cm3 [OH-] = 0.1 mol/50 cm3 [OH-] = (2.5 x 10-8) + (0.1) 0.1 mol/300 dm3 = 0.33 mol/dm3
Kw = [H3O+][OH-]
[OH-] = 3.03 x 10-14
OH- 3.03 x 10-14 mol/dm3
34
-
80
6
1. 80 ( 8 )
2. 3.
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10
35
...
-
6
............................................................................
10 .............. 6.1 10 .............. 6.2 10 .............. 6.3 10 .............. 6.4 10 ..............
10 ..............
36