: ;:

2

(conception )( conceptua}izativn )(concept3 (construct)

(Abraham I}aplan ,1964)( 196455 )(construct)(IQ)IQIQ5

6

Measurement 1. 2. 3. 4. ----==WHO----

WHAT---- HOW---- 120

WITH 1.

2

3. 16 1951 Nominal Measurement (): / Ordinal Measurement() f } ( ordinal measure } ()()()- ()() 5S}U;554U20 + >> >>> ( interval measures )$o90405080403030( Kelvin scale) IQ10011Q11D12D1 so} o0so%(IQD?)

21Interval Measurement 3212 3212 32>12 32-12 =20 20 125110125-110=1515 196619441966-1944=2222 t(ratio measures) l()23() :(l);}2);(3);(4)514

22Ratio Measurement 480240480/240=2

:()???

()

;;toA6B3c9ABC

34Operationalization: ;()35 321 (specification)37 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 942. ?

?

()IO10500()

1718?10-19? ???? 3737 "30

42 1. 2. 1990????????? () :

()(1)45

19608 19718+6=14 198615 198815cet -4 cet -6 471--- 24438

2--- 1988

3--- 1996

4---