+ Magnetic disks1-

tracks sectors ()

: 1. . 2. . 3. .

. :

1. ( ) () ( ) . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. ( ). . : . Floppy Disk: 1 5 360 . Hard Disk: . . Magnetic Tape : 2400 . character per inch: CPI 80 160 . : 1. Record : Block .

. : laser disk () .

: Scanner. . . hardware +software.

. 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. .

:CD-ROM ( compact disk read only memory)CD-RW (compact disk rewritable )DVD (Digital Video Disk ). . : :1. : 1. . 2. (). 3. .2. : : ..... .

. Operating System :

. . Floppy disks Disk operating systems.

. :

. : High Level Language Low Level Language. High Level Language Basic C Pascal .

:1. .2. ( ) .3. .4. .5. .6. .. .

" Machine Language" . "" (: Assembler) . . :- (Label) .- (Instruction) .- (Operand) . :----

: PHP:START:MOVCX,5;initializecounter - START:- MOV CX,5- ;initialize counter

Low Level Language ( ) (Assembly) :1. .2. .3. . .4. .. : . Help . :1. .2. AutoCAD. 3. ( (Excel) .4. .5. . 6. (Windows).

. source program . :1-.. Compiler2-. :Assembler3-. .

: . : . . .. Compiler

. : . . Executable Program 8-2 . :Assembler

8-3 . :1. .2. .3. . :1. .2. .3. .

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