(anti-microbialagents) antibiotics 200

1928,1945

390%78002259743.1%

1 2 3 4

-

(drug resistance ).G- PNMDR60%

PN:19451976301971198515linezolid20004FDA5-12521079%,100%30%

chemotherapeutic index LD50/ ED50 LD5/ ED95 post antibiotic effectPAE

PAE PAE 23PAE ADRADR PAE PAE

antibacterial spectrum) -

MIC: -:PAE

SN + + + +PN+SD +PN+

1. 2. 3. 4.

RNA BDNA

1. 2.3.4.5.6.7.

- - -

1. XFGK Gpenicillin G U

imc.s.f G+G+G 1.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

1. 2. 3.iv 4.

1.V 2. 3. ampicillin amoxicillin 4. carbenicillin piperacillin

cephalosporinsC7-ACA

- PGG+ > 23 G- G+ < = 1G- >1 12

G+ G- >3

-

5%10%

- imipenemDHP-1 tienamcilastatin meropenemCNS

cepharmycins G+G- cefoxitin cefmetazole

oxacephalosporins SO latamoxef flomoxef

monobactams G+G- aztreonam carumonam

clavulanic acidsulbactamtazobactam

1.14 2.15 3.16

1.G+ 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.ADR:

EM1958401985RTMAZMCTMDTMFTMEM G+

erythromycin

10

5%

clarithromycin

azithromycin > G- 10100 1

1.,PAE12 2. G- 3. 4. 5.ADR:()

1.

2.

3. ACh

4. G

. . .

tetracyclineterramycinG+G-

H2 Fe2+Ca2Mg2+AI3+

DNA

1. 2.

3. 4.

210

minocycline

chloramphenicolchloromycetin

G+G- 45%99%

1. 70S

1. 2. 3.Q 4. 5.

2. 3.4.

lincomycin clindamycin 48G+G-

5

G+

vancomycin norvancomycin teicoplanin G+

t1/2 G+-

:1500ml11014

Teicoplanin471VanB

-FosfomycinMRSA2g60/

quinolones 4-DNADNA gyrase

nalidixic acid1962pipemidic acid1979norfloxacinfluoroquinolones

norfloxacinciprofloxacinofloxacinlevofloxacinlomefloxacinfleroxacinsparfloxacinmoxifloxacin

. .Du68090

DNADNA gyraseDNA topoisomerase DNA

14%30%G-

1. 2. 3. 4.

1. 2.CNS P63 3. 4.

5.6.7.

sulfonamides 1. SD

19321935DomagkSN

2. 3. SMLSD-Ag G+G-A

PABAPABA

SD SDSMZ

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

1. sulfadiazineSD 45%80%

SMZ (TMP)1012hSD2. SASP5-

3. SML

SD-Ag SD SA

trimethoprim,TMP

t1/210SMZTMPSMZSDTMP

nitrofurantoinfuradantinGG-

furazolidonemetronidazole

-B

2/31/2

ADR1.NSSN2.SN-3.APN4.SN5SSN6.

antifungal agents

Bamphotericin B >

nystatin B

grifulvin DNADNA >

P450P450

ketoconazole

itraconazole 5100 fluconazole 520

terbinafine flucytosine DNAB

51RP 8U6 8U/2/d 5%500 ml 3 20mg 3 1/ d

702

2.0g 0.9%NS 100ml iv qd*10d

65 5% GS 250ml+0.5 iv qd 0.9% NS 250ml+0.6iv q12h

50s

?? 1946 40 1956 400