1

: : E T:EE. E.

5-1-1:() T:RR T(x,y)=(x-1,y+1) (x,y)R T x-1,y+1)=(t-1,w+1)) T(x,y)=T(t ,w) x=t ^ y=w (x,y)=(t ,w) T () (a , b) R (a+1,b-1)R T(a+1,b-1)=(a , b) T . T R() T,S:RR T(x , y)=(-x , y) S(x , y)=(x,-y) (x , y)R S,T . R () T:RR T(x , y)=(2x,y) T (2,0),(-1,2),(2,4),(5,2) (4,0),(-2,2), (4,4),(10,2) .() T:RR T(x,y)=(x,2y) (x,y)R T T .2: S (S,) .5-2: : . , :5-2-1: T:EE :() T T : .() T AB=T(A)T(B) ABE . 3:5-2-1:() T:RR T(x, y)=(x,y+1) (x, y)R T T B=(z , w)R A=(x , y) :

() T:RR T(x , y)=(2x,y) (x , y)R T A=(x , y) B=(z , w)

: 5-2-1: () .() .

4: . T:EE T(ABC)=A`B`C` ABC~A`B`C` AB A`B`=AC A`C`=BC B`C`=K . E ABC~A`B`C` ABCA`B`C` (4-1-5) AB=A`B` T . 5-2-2 : , :() A T, T(A)=A .() T , .

5 5-3-1:() :(1) , (2) , , A BC .() , , (1) (2) , . (), C , . :

, 5-3-1 ) , , . AB .

) .) (0,0)) y=x

) , y=-x) x=a ) y=b

5-3-4 ( ) 5-3-1 : . : , :() () () () , . 5-3-2 : , . 5-3-3 : , , .

5-3-5 : A=(-2,3) , B=(3,3) , C=(3,6) F=(4,5) , E=(4,2) , D=(-1,2) T:RR T(x,y)=(x+1,y-1) ABC DEF .5-4 : 5-4-1 : A , : () () () . A , , . 5-4-1 : , (0,0) . , . .

5-4-1:() () , 120 240 .() , 90 , 180 , 270 .() , 180 .

5-4-1 : A , A .

5-4-2 : .

: () , .() , , , .

5-4-3

: . T T 5-4-4: T A , m A, A

5-4-5: HA L,M A .

: A,

: , : 5-5-1: T:EE , :() .() . ,

, T E , , , , E E.

5-5-1 :() T:EE, T R T , , , a : RR , R ,() ABC A=(-2,1) , B=(5,-2), C=(3,3) A =(1,-3), , , , , , ABC

( 5 5 4 ) : A=( -2,3 ) m x=6 B=H0( A ) . B=( 2,-3 ) C=( 6,0 ) D=Hc(B)=( 10,3 ) D = ( x,y ) T( x,y ) = ( 12+x,y ) T T(A)=D (HcoH0)(A)=Hc(B)=D T(A)=(HcoH0)(A) T O,C T .

5-5-2: T K, B K, A K

5-5-3: , .

5-5-5: 5-7 : : , 5-7-1 : . , . 5-7-2 : 2a , y=b (0,0) , (-1,1) , (2,2) a=3 , b=2 , , a=3 , b=2 g(x,y)=(x+6,4-y) g(-1,1)=(5,3) , g(2,2)=(8,2) g(0,0)=(6,4)

5-7-1

A B : () . () () g K . () g .() K g () B K B :(1) B .K (2) B K.

8-5 ( ) : (5-3-3), . , , . , . 5-8-1: () , T .() , T .

. 5-8-2: , . T : E E : T . T . 5-8-1: () , . () . () . () .5-8-3:5-9( ) , . 5-9-1: EE:d , :( ) A E , d(A)=A)) { A} - BE, d(B)=B` B` AB,.|AB|||=|AB`| *R A , .

>0 , B,B` A, B` AB, 1 || |< 1 0