1

( ) , , , ., 1 .., 9

23 - , 23 6:02 6:02

2 (6/02) 10:23 10:23 (The Science Teacher) 1980-. , , 15 1991 (National Mole Day Foundation, NMDF). , . , .: 1. , . : , NaHCO3; 2. , ; 3. ;

61023 (, )

61023

.. 1906 . ( ) 10-5 . . . 1926 .

. NA = 6,021023 1 , , .

1

1

Cu AlS2r2O7H2OCuCl22H2O

1.

2.

1: m n M A/61020 / 1 /61023/ 1000

1. m n M A 1000 1 /61020 /1 /61023/ 1000 1 /61026/

3.

2: 1 (Cu) (LiCl)2 (Al) (NaF)

1 Cu 64 LiCl 42,5 2 Al 27 NaF 42

4. -

3. 2 2, : , , , , , , , , , .

3. . 3 . , (IUPAC).

3., ) , ) , ) ?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. - 9. 10. 11.

2 1. OsO4 (VIII)2. Li2O 3. WO3 (VI)4. HgO (II)5. IrO2 (IV)6. CrO3 (VI)7. Cs2O 8. - Ag2O3 (III)9. Au2O3 (III)10. Al2O3 11. HgO (II)

5. , ?

1FeFeOFe(OH)2 Fe2O3Fe(OH)3 2CuCuOCu(OH)2Cu2OCuOH3CrCr2O3 Cr(OH)34ZnZnOZn(OH)25AlAl2O3Al(OH)36AgAg2OAgOH

4. . 3 1Fe FeOFe(OH)2 Fe2O3Fe(OH)3 -2CuCuOCu(OH)2 Cu2O - CuOH-3CrCr2O3 Cr(OH)34ZnZnOZn(OH)2 5AlAl2O3Al(OH)36AgAg2O Ag OH

3 6.

5. , , - . , . , , , , , . , . : , .

) (CuOH)2CO3 = 2CuO +CO2 + H2; ) 2CuO +C = 2Cu + CO2; ) 2Cu + O2 = 2 CuO; ) CuO + H2SO4 = CuSO4 + H2;

(CuOH)2CO3 , (II); CuO (II); CO2 - (IV); H2 ;

7.

6. . , (3,14)

: , , . , 2 2004 : 02-02-04 9 1981 (09-09-81).

.

, 14 !

:1. 2. .., . ; "" " ", 22/2000;3. .., .. 2002 -- 2007 .100;4. http://ru.wikipedia.org/_5. http://ru.wikipedia.org/_ 6. http://ru.wikipedia.org/__

SerenadeJim BrickmanSimple Things, track 82001genre213955.92