心肌肥厚的鉴别诊断 - 遗传与影像技术 惠汝太 北京阜外医院 huirutai@sglab...
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1/51. 心肌肥厚的鉴别诊断 - 遗传与影像技术 惠汝太 北京阜外医院 [email protected] 2009-9-20 西安. 2/51. 没有利益冲突. 3/51. 95% HCM- 心肌排列紊乱. 4/51. HCM. 正常心肌. 5/51. 95% HCM- 心肌排列紊乱伴间质纤维化. 广泛的纤维化 :红箭头. 6/51. HCM 病理表现 - 与临床表型有关. 1, 心脏肥厚, 2 ,心肌排列紊乱, 3 ,纤维化, 4 ,小血管病变. 7/51. 8/51. 核磁对肥厚型心肌病的诊断价值突出. 9/51. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
没有利益冲突
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95% HCM- 心肌排列紊乱
正常心肌HCM
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95% HCM- 心肌排列紊乱伴间质纤维化 广泛的纤维化:红箭头
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HCM 病理表现 - 与临床表型有关
1, 心脏肥厚,2 ,心肌排列紊乱,3 ,纤维化,4 ,小血管病变
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核磁对肥厚型心肌病的诊断价值突出
1 ,能评价心脏功能,大小,最大壁厚度,肥厚的分布,全 心重量指数( overall mass index ) .
2 ,评价左室流出道梗阻3 ,核磁可以检查 HCM 患者是否存在心肌纤维化; 方法:钆 -DTPA 反转恢复心肌延迟增强技术
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IVSLV
Free wall.
RV
室间隔肥厚,左室游离壁正常
Reproduced with permission of AHA; from Maron MS et al. (28).
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Reproduced with permission of American Heart Association; from Maron MS et al. (28).
仅仅局限于室间隔前基地部的肥厚 (arrows)11/51
左室心尖部肥厚 (asterisk);
*
LV
Reproduced with permission of American Heart Association; from Maron MS et al. (28).
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CMR 可以发现 2D 发现不了的肥厚型心肌病 . A.有家族 HCM 史的患者 2D 超声正常 . B. 同一个患者 , 核磁发现左室前侧壁节段性肥厚 (aster
ick) Reproduced with permission of American Heart Association; from Maron MS et al. (28).
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心尖部心肌肥厚: 2D 易漏诊 A.超声不能确诊 HCM,B. 同一个患者, CMR 可以清楚证明心尖部肥厚,可
确诊为心尖部 HCM. Reproduced with permission of American Heart Association; from Maron MS et al. (28).
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心超与核磁的比较:A. 2D 超声:舒张末期 4 腔心 - 心尖无室壁瘤征象。B. 同一患者, CMR 发现心尖部有一个小的室壁瘤(薄边, (arrowheads), 延迟钆增强显像:透壁疤痕 . Reproduced with permission of American Heart Association; from Maron MS et al. (28).
LV
LA
VS
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HCM 患者:肥厚区域与非肥厚区域
相间排列
RV
LV
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HCM 患者,左室重量正常,仅表现为乳头肌增大数目增多。
乳头肌
LVIVS
RV
乳头肌数目增多: 4 个 (arrows)
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‘How I do’ : CMR in HCM
Assessment of FibrosisAssessment of Fibrosis
late enhancement in the septum reflecting fibrosis
Sharlene M. Day
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• Sharlene M. Day
‘How I do’ : CMR in HCM
Gd infarct imaging
Fibrosis imaging in HCMFibrosis imaging in HCM
HCM fibrosis imaging?
Sharlene M. Day
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• HCM 存在:小动脉周围轻度增厚与纤维化 ,导致心肌内小动脉壁 / 腔比率增加,心内膜下缺血,冠脉血流储备障碍。造成死亡的原因之一。
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1 ,最常见的心脏肥厚原因: HCM ,高血压 , 淀粉样变,主
动脉狭窄,运动员心脏 . 2 ,心肌细胞排列紊乱:不是 HCM 特征性的表现, 可见于 : 主动脉狭窄, 先天性心脏病 高血压性心脏病 肥厚型心肌病 Noonan 综合征, 克山病,
– 交感刺激, Myocyte disarray develops in papillary muscles released from normal tension after mitral valve replacement ( Circulation. 1982 Oct;66(4):841-6. )。
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Clinical Data MYH7(n=52) MYBPC3(n=18)
Basic Last F-up
Basic Last F-up
Sex, male, n (%) 27(51.9) 13(72.2)
SD FH, n(%) 27(51.9)* 1(5.6)
Onset age (yrs) 34.6±14.0**
39.9±13.7
50.0±15.0 54.7±13.6
NYHA, n (%)NYHA I~ IINYHA III ~ IV
38(73.1)14(26.9)
31(59.6)21(40.4)
15(83.3)3(16.7)
12(66.7)6(33.3)
Af, n (%) 12(23.1) 16(30.8) 1(5.6) 4(22.2)
New Af 4/40 3/17
Echo
LVEDD (mm) 44.2±5.9 45.6±6.7 46.6±3.6 46.9±4.3
MLVWT (mm) 20.5±5.7 19.2±5.3 19.9±6.5 19.4±6.8
PWT (mm) 10.3±2.1 9.8±1.7 10.6±2.6 10.2±2.4
LAD (mm) 41.7±6.7 42.6±6.9 44.6±6.8 44.8±7.1
LVOG>30mmHg, n(%) 21(40.4%) 18(34.6) 2(11.1%) 2(11.1%)
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随访 6 年
*The major intervention included surgical septal myectomy, Alcohol septal ablation and DDD pacemaker
CharacteristicsDuration of follow-up (yrs)
HCM-causing gene P value(MYH7 vs MYBPC3)
ns
MYH7(n=52)5.9±1.8
MYBPC3(n=18)5.7±1.7
Major intervention *, n 8 0 <0.001
Death related to HCM, n, (%/1000 person-year, 95% CI)
10(32.1, 12.5-51.5)
4(35.2, 13.9-68.9)
ns
Sudden death 7 0 <0.001
stroke 0 1 --
Heart failure 3 3 --
Age at death (yrs) 45.1±14.0 73.5±7.5 0.03
NYHA class III ~ IV 6 1 ns
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无症状的无症状的 MYH7 MYH7 & & MYBPC3 MYBPC3 突变携带者突变携带者 66 年发展为年发展为 HCMHCM 的的比率比率
Gene No. of carriers(n=44)
No. of affected carriers
(n=9)
Mean affected age
(yrs)
Age at final follow-up
(yrs)
MYH7 27 9(33.3%) 37.3±5.6 --
MYBPC3 17 0(0%) -- 46.8±9.7
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MYH7- 头部与杆部突变比较
HCM Head Mutation(n=41)
Rod Mutation(n=11)
Basic 6-year follow-up
Basic 6-year follow-up
Sex(M/F) 21/20 7/4
Onset age (yrs) 33.6±15 36.2±11
NYHA n (%)NYHA I ~ IINYHA III ~IV
29(68.3)13(31.7)
21(58.5)20(48.8)*
10(90.9)1(9.1)
10(90.9)1(9.1)
Af 10 13 2 3
MLVWT (mm) 21.5±5.4* 20.1±5.2 15±6.1 14.5±5.4
LVOT>30mmHg, n (%) 16(39) 14(34.1) 5( 45) 4(36.4)
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MYH7 头、杆部突变 及 MYBPC3 突变患者的 Kapl
ane-Meier 生存曲线
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 900
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100 global region of MYH7
MYBPC3
rod region of MYH7
age (years)
Per
cent su
rviv
al32/51
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挑战
• 左室肥厚是 HCM 的特征性表现,但是,携带基因突变的患者,在出生时很少有左室肥厚, HCM 患者的心肌肥厚通常从青春期后慢慢发展起来的, 也有 60-70岁才开始出现;
• 左心室肥厚的分布:多是局部性、不对称性, 即使同一家族,变异特别大;左室重量不一定超过正常( 21% 的HCM 患者心脏重量正常);
• 为何室间隔肥厚、心尖部肥厚较多见,为何出现上述多样性? -modifier?
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• HCM 主要遗传突变基因是编码肌小节蛋白的基因,仅在心肌细胞表达;但是, HCM 临床表型不仅如此 : 心肌排列紊乱 , 间质纤维化 , 二尖瓣异常,微血管重塑;提示其他细胞系同样参与。
• 肌小节基因突变与 HCM 广泛的表型之间的联系仍然不清楚。
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• HCM各种表现可能与共同始祖细胞 - 心外膜源多能干细胞( pluripotent epicardium-derived cells , EPDCs)有关。
• 在心脏 发育时期 , EPDCs 分化成为间质成纤维细胞 , 冠脉平滑肌细胞 , 房室心内膜垫,如间充质干细胞 .
• We propose that the cross-talk between healthy EPDCs and abnormally contracting cardiomyocytes might account for the diverse manifestations of HCM, by a putative mechanism of mechanotransduction leading to abnormal gene expression and differentiation.
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Modifier Gene for HCM, not for hypertension hypertrophy
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Subjects with high Blood pressure
2004,11-2005,8 , 7 communities , 60 villages,
15835 Han nationality , Final: 13444 ( Male 5270 , Female 8174 ) Hypertension prevalence 40.3% , 5421with Hypertension enrolled,
Echocardiography was performed in 4869 ( 89.8% ) ;
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Characteristic
Characteristic Whole group
(n= 4270)
Men
(n=1416)
Women
(n=2854)age ( y ) 58.6±8.0 59.8±8.2* 58.0±7.9
SBP ( mmHg ) 165.4±22.7 163.6±22.3 166.3±22.8 *
DBP ( mmHg ) 97.9±11.8 99.1±11.7* 97.4±11.7
BMI,kg/m2 26.24±3.69 25.7±3.4 26.5±3.8 *
glucose 5.6±1.7 5.6±1.6 5.6±1.8
triglyceride 1.7±1.3 1.6±1.4 1.7±1.2*
cholesterol 5.6±1.1 5.4±1.1 5.6±1.1 *
HDL 1.6±0.3 1.5±0.3 1.6±0.3 *
LDL 3.2±0.9 3.1±0.8 3.2±0.9 *
*p<0.05
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Prevalence of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Age group
(y)
Whole group Men Women
Number
(n)
LVH (%)
Number(n)
LVH
(%)
Number
(n)
LVH
(%)
Total 4270 42.8 1416 37.4 2854 45.4
40~ 1562 36.7 435 33.3 1127 38
55~ 1662 46.8 525 40.6 1110 49.9
65~ 1046 45.4 429 37.5 617 50.9
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Modifiers for Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
VariablesBefore Adjust OR
(95% CI)
After Adjust OR†
(95% CI)
Age (Each 10 years increase)
1.2(1.2-1.3) ** 1.2(1.1-1.3)**
Sex (F/M) 1.4(1.2-1.6) ** 1.3(1.2-1.5) **
SBP(Each 10 mmHg increase)
1.2(1.1-1.2) ** 1.2(1.1-1.3) **
BMI (Each 2 kg/m2) 1.3(1.2-1.4) ** 1.4(1.3-1.5) **
TG (Each mmol/L) 1.1(1.0-1.1) * 1.1(1.0-1.2) *
HDL-C (Each mmol/L) 0.7(0.6-0.8) * 0.9(0.7-1.1)
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Additive Effects of hypertrophic Risk Factors
Number of Risk Factors*
Odds ratio‡(95% CI)
0 (n=327) -
1 (n=1,286) 1.4 (1.1-1.8)
2 (n=1,580) 2.1(1.6-2.6)
3 (n=780) 2.5 (1.9-3.3)
4 (n=297) 3.7 (2.4-5.5)
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• We tested whether PGC-1alpha is a modifier for cardiac hypertrophy including HCM in patients with hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy and in those with HCM.
PGC1- Variants: Gly482Ser & Thr394Thr
LD: D′= 0.26 and r2=0.08 ,
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结论
PGC1-a 多态与高血压(不论有无心脏肥厚)无关,是 HCM 的修饰基因(增加肥厚);高血压肥厚与 HCM 的修饰基因不同。
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谢谢