1 1. 2. 3. 2 1. 2. 3.

1 1. 1.1 . .

, , . .

1.2 (C), (H), (O) (N), (S) , (C), (H), (S) . [] 3

3 , ,

1.3 , ,

, , (), , , , LPG, , ,

1.4 1) (, ) (, ) - - , .

- , () , , .

2) . , , 0.78~0.97 . (CH) , (1)

C()H()S()N()(%)83-8712-150.1-4.00.05-0.8

(2) - , , , , - , (back fire) () [] :

3) (LNG) , (LPG) CH4() .(1) - ,

- . , (2)

CH4,(), C3H8,(), [C3H6,(),C2H4,()] CO(), H2() CO2(), N2(), W()

(3) (), (LPG) , (LFG), (IGCC) . . , ,

2. 2.1 1) (Heating Value) , (0, 1atm) , , (latent heat) (), () . =+

/, /, / (0, 1atm) /N . 2000 , SI . , , , - , , - , . SI MJ/N .

* :(IT)

2) ( ) . . 0, 1 , , . 1.0 . 0.55 . =/ =/

) CH4 C3H8

3) . (atm), kg/cm2,(mmHg) (mmH2O)

= +

1atm = 760mmHg = 1.0332kg/cm2 = 10,332mmH2O= 1.01325bar= 14.7psi = 101,325Pa=101KPa=0.1MPa

2.2 . .

2.3 1) (mole fraction) (mole %) . . . mole% = / [1] = / = mole % [100] = /

3. 3.1 ( 21MJ/kg) =(%)/(%) ( ) =(1-/)*100( )

3.2 C, H 0.78~0.97 ( 46MJ/kg) ( ), , A,B,C (B-C,B-A) : ( ) (:-20~-40, : 50~70)

3.3 LNG() LPG , LPG . , , , , .

1)(Liquefied natural Gas, LNG) LNG . . . 1, 0, 1 1.3N , -162 0.0022 . 1/600 .

(1) LNG LNG -162 , LNG . -162 , , . LNG . LNG , , , .

LNG ( : 0.62). ( 1/600) . .

= 588

, , . , .

(2) LNG , LNG , , .

(3) . CO2 CO2 2/3 2040% . .

2) LPG(Liquefied Petroleum Gas) (1) LP Gas LP Gas . LP Gas 3~4 , , , .

(2) LPG - , . - ,

(3) LPG LP , [ 1-2] .

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

2 1. , , , , 3, , , .

1.1 1) , , , , , . 2) , , , 3 .

3) g 1[] , (k) 1 [0(), 1] 22.4 g . 1(k) 22.4 (N) .

1.2 , , , . 1) C C + O2CO2 + 97,200(/k) 12[] : 1[k] C 1[kg] : 97,200 /12=8,100(/kg)=34(MJ/)

2) H H2 + 1/2O2 H2O() +68,000(/k) 2[] : 1[k] H 1 : 68,000/2 = 34,000 (/k) = 142(MJ/) H2 + O H2O() + 57,200 (/kg)3) S S + O2 SO2 + 80,000 (/k) 32[] : 1[] S 1 :80,000/32=2,500 (/)=10.5(MJ/)

4) (1) (/k), 1() MJ/(/) . , , , ( ) .

1.3 (CO), (H2), (:CH4, :C3H8, :C4H10 ) (:C2H4, :C3H6, : C4H8) .

1 . (), (, ) 4 C4H10, C4H8, C4H6 4 . , .

, . . H2O 10,520 /k . H2O (lower heating value) (higher heating value) .

2. 2.1 , , . - - - . , , .

2.2 . [2-1(a)] , (b) (c) .

2.3 , , ( ( ) . CmHn+(m+n/4)O2mCO2+n/2H2O+Q

2.4 (A0) (A) . . 1) (O2) . (1) C C + O2 CO2 12[] 32[] 44[] 1[] 32/12=2.67[] 3.67[] 2[] 22.4[N] 22.4[N] 1[] 22.4/12=1.87[N] 1.87[N]

(2)H2 H2 + 1/2 O2 H2O2[] 16[] 18[] 1[] 16/2=8[] 9[] 2[] 11.2[N] 22.4[N] 1[] 11.2/2=5.6[N] 11.2[N]

2) (A0) () , , . 0.23, 0.21 . 1N (N2) 79%, (O2 ) 21% .

N2O2 N2O2

3) (A) , . . A + A0 m = A0 + (A + A0) A:, A0 :, m:

(1) (m): m = A/A0 =1+(A-A0)/ A0 (2) (%):[(A)-(A0)]/(A0) (%)= (m-1)100 %=(/) (3) .

(m) 21 (CO2)max m = --------- m = --------- 21-(O2) (CO2)

21 (CO2)max m = --------- = ------------ 21-(O2) (CO2)

21(CO2) - 21(CO2)max O2 = --------------------- - (CO2)max

(CO2)max ,:15%, LNG:12%, LPG:14.5%

2.5 1)(O2) . 2) CO2, H2O, N2 O2 . NOx, CO [, UHC(unburned Hydro carbon)] .

2.6 1) 2) . .

2.7 . . (Flammable range) (Limits of inflammability) . % , . 1, .

, . C2H2, H2 CO . , .

3. 3.1 (1 ) , , . 1 1 .

1) (1) (premixed) 1, , (2) (diffusion) ( ) .

1 , . 1 , . .

3.2 1) . . . (900, ) . .

2) (Busen) 4-1 (1 ) . 2 . () () . 1, 2 . .

3) 1 40% . 1000 .

4) 1 1 1 . 1 , 1 1 . , , (Metal Fiber Burner) . 850 .

[ 3-1 : ]

[ 3-2 : 1 ]

3.3

3.4 1) , , .

2) (Conventional Flue: CF) (Forced Exhaust:FE) (1)(Conventional Flue:CF): (2)(Forced Exhaust:FE):

3) (Balaced Flue: BF) (Forced Draft:FF) (1)(BF:Balanced Flue): (CO) , (2) (FF:Forced Draft): BF .

4) .

[ 3-3 : BF ]

[ 3-4 : FF ]

. .