Федеральное космическое агентство России

Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos)

Tracey Melville

March 11, 2010

The agenda…• Review Soviet program

• Roscosmos

• International cooperation

• Past missions

• Current missions

• Future missions

• Launch Capabilities

Soviet ProgramOctober 4, 1957- Sputnik 1 launched as first man-made satellite to

be put into Earth’s orbit

November 3, 1957- Sputnik 2

launched with dog Laika aboard

February 12, 1961- Venera-1 launched

towards Venus

April 12, 1961- Yuri Gagarin first

human in space

July 16, 1965-first Proton rocket carrying

Proton-1 spacecraft launched

June 14, 1967- Venera-4, first probe to enter atmosphere of Venus launched. Later 7, 9 send back info and photos of surface

Soviet ProgramApril 19, 1970s- First space station

Salyut-1-7. Broke many spaceflight records, including several mission duration records, the first ever orbital handover of a space station from one crew to another, and various spacewalk records

February 20, 1986- Core module of Mir launched (construction completed in 1996. In operated until 2001)

December 1990- Soviet Union officially dissolved

Russian Federal Space Agency/ Roscosmos

• Formally the Russian Aviation and Space Agency (Rosaviacosmos)

• Formed by Boris Yeltsin on January 25th 1992• Director- Anatoly N. Perminov• Budget for 2006 was as high as 25 billion rubles (900

million USD). Over the next ten years it shall increase 5-10% a year (NASA $18.7)

• In addition to the budget, about 130 billion rubles (aprox. 4.5 billion USD) flowing in but other means, such as industry investments and commercial space launches

Locations• Headquarters in Moscow• Main Mission Control in near-by Korolev• Cosmonaut Trainings Training Center

(GCTC) in Star City • Baikonur Cosmodrome in Khazakstan

– Manned and un-manned launches

• Pelsetsk Cosmodrome in north Russia– Primarily unmanned flights of military

designation

What do Roscosmos do?

Besides the obvious stuff…• Organizes

– Utilization of technologies for the benefit of the Program

– Certification of the technologies for scientific and socioeconomic uses

– Activities under commercial space projects and promotes these projects

– Joins with the Defense Ministry in launches, research, etc.

RoscosmosInternational Cooperation

• Intergovernmental agreement with more than 19 states including the USA, Japan, India, Brasilia, Sweden, Argentina and the member-states of the European Space Agency (ESA)

• Commercial launch services represent one of the most competitive areas of Russian activities. – Marketed by the joint ventures of Russian and its foreign

partners• “ILS” (Russia-USA)• “STARSEM” and “EUROCKOT” (Russia-EU)

• GLONASS-Global Navigation Satellite System restored in 2009 with the Indian gov. as partner

Future missions/projectsOn the origin and evolution of the universe:• 2010-“Radioastrom” and “Intn’l space observatory/ultraviolet”-

observatory looking at radio-astrophysical observations of extragalactic objects as well as characteristics of NE and interplanetary plasma, processes happening inside objects

• 2013-”Gamma-400”- “dark material”• 2016- “Millimetron”- global structure and evolution of the universe

Planetary • “Phobos-Grunt”-bring back satellite with Mars matter sample• Venera-D to be launched in 2013 and arrive at Venus in 2014 with

orbiter, 2 balloons and lander

Sun Study• 2012-“Resonans”-Results of the control of man-caused impacts

on Earth magnetosphere and geophysical processes

ROCKETS

Launch Capabilitiessmall- class launch vehicles

Kosmos 3M• Based on Soviet era Yangel R-14 IRBM• Places satellites in low-Earth orbit• $10 mil

Rockot• used for small commercial and government payloads• European access• $13-15 mil

START-1• commercially available launch vehicle for small payloads• $9 mil

Strela• Similar to the Rockot, but has fewer modifications

Launch Capabilitiesmedium-class launch vehicles

Dnepr • Orbital launch vehicle• $17.5 per launch

Soyuz• The R-7 Semyorka ICBM was

the rocket that launched Spunik 1 into orbit

• Eventually variants launched Yuri Gagarin into orbit in the two-seater Voskhod spacecraft

• Makes two trips to the ISS every year

• Launches payloads for commercial customers

• $40mil per launch

Launch Capabilitiesheavy-class launch vehicles

Proton• Originally intended to take men to the

moon• Has evolved to become the “heavy-life

work horse” for Russia• Has been used to send payloads to the

planets and components to the ISS• Recent main role has been to send

Russian government payloads and commercial communication satellites into geosynchronous orbit (GEO)

• Sold through an independent firm that was once a joint venture between Lockheed Martin and Khrunichev

• Launched from Baikonur• $70mil per launch

Launch Capabilitiesheavy-class launch vehicles

Zenit• Originally designed to

supplement the massive Energia (manufacturer of manned space craft) launch system in the late 1980s and serve as a stand-alone vehicle

• Government and commercial versions

• $70mil for a commercial launch

And Next…Angara• Uses liquid oxygen/hydrogen fuel!• Small to heavy class • Will eventually be able to carry a payload of 30 metric

tons into orbit, doubling the payload capacity of the Proton (space shuttle payload 27 tons)

• The Angara-7 was conceived specifically to support manned missions to Mars and lunar exploration

Mikron• Designed by the Moscow Aviation Institute• Engines will use liquid oxygen and a butyl rubber

derivative!• Will be launched from beneath a MiG-31 fighter at an

altitude of 21,000 meters• Carry small satellites into orbit • But little information since 2003, so it might be scrapped

Plans for manned space flight and

exploration

The 2009 Moscow Aviation and Space Show featured a multi-element Interplanetary Expeditionary Complex, MEK, which would enable manned missions to Mars and beyond. According to the plan, lunar exploration would have lower priority than expedition to Mars. Travel would use Angara rockets and a Prospective Piloted Transport System.

SourcesRocosmos home page:

<http://www.roscosmos.ru/main>Russian Space Web:

<http://www.russianspaceweb.com/>Secure World Foundation:

<http://www.secureworldfoundation.org/index.php?id=139&page=Russia_Launch>