Η επίδραση του Φύλου στην έκφραση του θυμού. Μια...

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ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΑΙΓΑΙΟΥ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΣΤΙΚΩΝ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΠΡΟΣΧΟΛΙΚΗΣ ΑΓΩΓΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟΥ ΣΧΕΔΙΑΣΜΟΥ ΠΜΣ « Φυλο και νεα εκπαιδευτικα και εργασιακα περιβαλλοντα στην κοινωνια της πληροφοριας» Η επίδραση του Φύλου στην έκφραση του θυμού. Μια μετα-αναλυτική προσέγγιση Διπλωματική Εργασία Παπαδάκη Δήμητρα-Χρυσοβαλάντη Α.Μ 08030 Ρόδος, Ιούνιος 2011

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ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΑΙΓΑΙΟΥ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΣΤΙΚΩΝ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΠΡΟΣΧΟΛΙΚΗΣ ΑΓΩΓΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟΥ ΣΧΕΔΙΑΣΜΟΥ ΠΜΣ « Φυλο και νεα εκπαιδευτικα και εργασιακα περιβαλλοντα στην κοινωνια της πληροφοριας ». Η επίδραση του Φύλου στην έκφραση του θυμού. Μια μετα-αναλυτική προσέγγιση - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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1

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, (Goleman, 1998).

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(Davidson, Putnam, & Larson, 2000), (ittleman, Maclure, Sherwood, 1995. Strike, Magid, Whitehead, Battacharya & Steptoe, 2006), (Deffenbacher, Oetting, Lynch, & Morris, 1996) (Ramirez & Andreu, 2006).

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- : (Deffenbacher, 1996)

: , (Schwartz, Davidson & Maer, 1975) (Davidson 1995. Gray 1982). Charles Spielberger 1/3 Charles Spielberger

, State-trait anger theory .

, State-Trait Anger Inventory (STAXI), (Spielberger ., 1983), (anger in) (anger-out), (Spielberger, C.D. 1983)

Charles Spielberger 2/3 (trait anger)

(state anger),

, (Eckhardt & Deffenbacher, 2004)

, (Spielberger ., 1983). , , (Ramirez, Fujihara & Van Goozen, 2001). Charles Spielberger 3/3

(Anger-IN)

(Anger-OUT)

. (overt) . 1/3 , (Dube & Morgan, 1996. Laufer & Gillespie, 2004. Su & Tippins, 1998).

(Brody 1993. Brody & Hall 2008. Fischer, 1993. Shields, 2002).

, 2/3 : .

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, (Fischer & Evers, 2011).

3/3 :

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. (Spielberger, 1983. Wolf & Foshee, 2003). .

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(Fischer & Evers, 2011).

STAXI 1-2 (State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory) Spielberger - 44 .

State anger scale ( ), .

Trait anger scale ( ) .

(Anger expression-AX/EX), , () (), (Zoccali ., 2007).

STAXI 1-2 (State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory) Spielberger STAXI-2 STAXI, . , (control of internalized anger) .

H , (Trait anger -TA) 2 . :

) (angry temperament- AT)

) , angry reaction (AR). .

(State anger) (feelings, Physical, verbal items).

STAXI 1-2 (State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory) Spielberger , (Kang, Namkoong, & Kim, 2008) :

Anger IN (AI): .

Anger out (AO): , , , .

Anger control (AC): (Spielberger, 1991).

- . (Cook, 1992)

, (Law, Morris & Wald, 1997. Pettitti, 1994).

(systematic review), . - - .

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(effect size), .

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(, 2009).

- (effect size) S . ES, .

-: (x) (SD), (standardized mean difference). , g Hedges.

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, . ,

- :

, . (apples and oranges) .

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, (publication/reporting bias).- - .

, (Funnel plot), (Light & Pillemer, 1984) .

, .

, (Iyengar & Greenhouse, 1988).

-- - , .

- , .

, (random-effects model), (Cooper & Hedges, 1994. & , 2005). , (Fixed-effects model), (Hall & Brannick, 2002).

1/2 , (STAXI/STAXI -2), Charles Spielberger.

H - , (x) (sd) , g Hedges.

:

2/2

(trait anger) .

(state anger) .

(Anger Expression-IN) .

(Anger Expression-OUT) .

1/4 , Scopus PsyArticles, HEAL-Link.

- , : STAXI OR STAXI-2 OR STATE TRAIT ANGER EXPRESSION INVENTORY OR STATE TRAIT ANGER EXPRESSION INVENORY-2 AND GENDER DIFFERENCES

, 141 . , 16 24 .

2/4 -, :

(Trait Anger, State Anger, Anger-IN, Anger-OUT) .

.

, STAXI/STAXI-2 Spielberger.

. 3/4 -, 24 , 1993 2009 . 5 24 -, .

(ES) Trait Anger 16 . , (Kang, Namkoog & Kim, 2007. Deffenbacher, Deffenbacher, Lunch & Richards, 2003), (2x2) .

(ES) State anger , 7 . 4/4 (ES) Anger-/ 19 . (Kang ., 2007. Verona, 2005. Bitton, McGarvey & Viali, 2006), (2x2) .

(Es) Anger-OUT , 20 . (Kang ., 2007. Verona, 2005. Bitton ., 2006. Scalan, Vitaliano, Zhang, Savag & Ochs, 2001), (2x2) . (- ) (Trait Anger, State Anger, Anger IN/OUT).

Q-test

(x2, P0.05) ) / ) - .

, (outlying studies), (funnel-plot) (I-squared test, Higgins & Tompson, 2002) Q .

:

(Egger, Smith , Schneider & Minder, 1997. Whitehead, 2002).

I-squared , , 25, 50, 75 , (Higgins & Tompson, 2002).

(Trait anger) (g= -0.061, p=0.725), , (State Anger) , (g= 0,244, p=0.000), . / (Anger IN/OUT) (g= 0,006, p=0.946).

(g= 0.006, p=0.937).

- 24 6.241 . , 2.825 3.416 .

.

(Trait Anger) (Anger In/Out).

, (State Anger) .

, , (Fischer & Evers, 2011).

, (Deaux & Major, 1987). (mediators) , , .

Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30, 47 88.Bitton, A., McGarvey, S.T. & Viali, S. (2006). Anger Expression and Lifestyle Incongruity Interactions on Blood Pressure in Samoan Adults. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY 18, 369376.Brody, L. R. (1993). On understanding gender differences in the expression of emotion: Gender roles, socialization, and language. In Ablon, S., Brown, D., Khantzian, E. & Mack, J. (Eds.), Human feelings: Explorations in affect development and meaning (pp. 87121). New York: Analytic.Brody, L. R. & Hall, J. A. (2008). Gender and emotion in context. In Lewis, M. Haviland-Jones, J. & Feldman, B. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (3rd ed., pp. 395409). New York: Guilford.Cook, T. (1992). Meta-Analysis for Explanation: a casebook.Deaux, K. & Major, B. (1987). Putting gender into context: An interactive model of gender-related behavior. Psychological Review, 94, 369389.Davidson, R. J. (1995). Cerebral asymmetry, emotion and affective style. In: Davidson, R. J. & Hugdahl, K. (eds) Brain asymmetry. The MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 127143.Davidson, R.J., Putnam, K. M. & Larson, C.L. (2000). Dysfunction in the neural circuitry of emotion regulation-A possible prelude to violence. Science, 289, 591-594.Deffenbacher, J. L. (1996). Cognitivebehavioral approaches to anger reduction. In K. S. Dobson & K. D. Craig (Eds.), Advances in cognitive behavioral therapy (pp. 3162). Thousand Oaks, CA: SageDeffenbacher, J. L., Oetting, E.R., Lynch, R.S. & Morris, C.D. (1996). The expression of anger and its consequences. Behaviour research and Therapy, 34, 575-590.

Del Vecchio, T. & OLeary, K. D. (2003). Effectiveness of anger treatments for specific anger problems: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 15-34.

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Egger, M., Smith, G., Schneider, M. & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis. Detected by a simple, graphical test, BMJ, 315, 629-634.Fischer, A. H. (1993). Sex differences in emotionality: Fact or stereotype. Feminism and Psychology, 3, 303318.Fischer, A. H., & Evers, C. (2011). Anger in the context of gender. In M. Potegal, G. Stemmler, & C. Spielberger (Eds.), International handbook of anger: Constituent and concomitant biological, psychological, and social processes (pp. 349360). New York: Springer.Goleman, D. (1998). . EQ IQ. : .Gray, J.A. (1982). The neuropsychology of anxiety: an enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system. Clarendon Press/ Oxford University Press, New York.Hall S, Brannick M.(2002) Comparison of two random-effects method of meta-analysis. J Appl Psychol, 87, 377389.Higgins, J.P. & Thompson, S.G. (2002). Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis, Statistical medicine, 21, 1539-1558.Hollon, S. D. & Kendall, P. C. (1980). Cognitive self-statements in depression: development of an automatic thoughts questionnaire. Cognitive Theoretical Research, 4, 383395.

Iyengar S, Greenhouse, J. (1998). Selection models and the file drawer problem. Statistic Science, 3, 109135.

Kang, I. J., Namkoong, K. & Kim, S.J. (2007). Association of DRD4 and COMT polymorphisms with anger and forgiveness traits in healthy volunteers. Neuroscience Letters, 430, 252257.

, . (2009). . - 27 . , ... .

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Law, M., Morris, J., & Wald, N. (1997). Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and ischaemic heart disease: An evaluation of the evidence. Britain Medicine Journal, 315, 973980.

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Mittleman, M. A., Maclure, M. & Sherwood, J.B. (1995). Triggerin of acute myocardial infarction onset by episodes of anger. Circulation, 92, 1720-1725.Petitti, D.(1994). Meta-analysis, decision analysis, and cost effectiveness analysis: Methods for quantitative synthesis in medicine. Oxford University Press, New York.Ramirez, J.M., Fujihara, T., & Van Goozen, S.H. (2001). Cultural and gender differences in anger and aggression: a comparison between Japanese. Dutch and Spanish students. Journal of Social Psychology 141, 119121.Ramirez, J.M., Andreu, J.M. (2006). Aggression, and some related psychological constructs (anger, hostility, and impulsivity). Some comments from a research project. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 30, 276-291.Scanlan, J.M., Vitaliano, P.P, Zhang, M. S. & Ochs, H. (2001). Lymphocyte proliferation is Associated with gender, Caregiving, an psychosocial variables in older adults. Journal of behavioral Medicine, 2(6), 537-559.

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