РЕЗЮМЕ: Региональный доклад о человеческом развитии...

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2011 - РЕЗЮМЕ: Региональный Доклад ПРООН о человеческом развитии «От трансформации – к обществу для всех» рассматривает комплексный характер социального отторжения, столкнуться с которыми может любой человек. Доклад представляет результаты исследования, проведенного в шести странах региона, обобщает выводы и выходит с рядом практических рекомендаций. В рамках доклада разработан многомерный индекс, используемый для измерения и сравнения социального отторжения в экономической и социальной сферах, а также степени исключения из социальных сетей и граж

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Page 1: РЕЗЮМЕ: Региональный доклад о человеческом развитии на тему социального отторжения
Page 2: РЕЗЮМЕ: Региональный доклад о человеческом развитии на тему социального отторжения

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&? )(>1(=+(67&. @ <('%*<- "3&)(<B76B <()(<0 ) "(%/># )()%-'*2A&? &+67&7#-7(), "(%&7&' ) ($%*67& ($3*>()*+&B & 30+'* 73#<* ) I-%B? "3(<)&=-+&B )6--(?)*70)*2A-.(, <&)-36&E&I&3()*++(.( 3(67* & &>1-+-+&B ($3*>* 10G%-+&B. ;%*.(<*3B &1, <)&=#A&- 6&%0 6(I&*%/-+(.( (77(3=-+&B 67*%& $0 <)&=#A&1& 6&%*1& )()%-C-+&B. 4*3*%%-%/+( 6 F7&1, )(>3(6 $0 & #3()-+/ 7(%-3*+7+(67& ) ($-A-67)- ) I-%(1.

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9&4*?<1,)1 )# C4','$)<1&4'7 0)#,) 20 ;-<+(67/, )0>)*++*B +&>'&1 #3()+-1 <(?(<() ...................................21 ;->3*$(7&I* ............................................23 H(67#" ' *'7&)*1 & '*"&7*%# ...........24

9&4*?<1,)1 )# &'()"*+,;% >&*>. ........25 ,*++-- <-767)(, ($3*>()*+&-, "(<.(7()'* & ($#C-+&- ) 7-C-+&- )6-D =&>+& ..........................25 @6-($A-- ($3*>()*+&-? ....................27 H(67#"+(- ><3*)((?3*+-+&-? ........28 9(I&*%/+*B >*A&7* ..............................30 W&%&A+0- & $07()0- #6%()&B .......32 H(67#" ' F+-3.&& ...................................35 R($&%/+(67/ & 73*+6"(37 ................35 KSX & I&E3()(D 3*>30) ....................35

9&4*?<1,)1 )# &'()"*+,;% &1.17 ) -/"05",&4'-' ><"&.)2 .........................36 ZC*67&- ) .3*=<*+6'(1 ($A-67)- .36 Z3()+& <()-3&B, #C*67&- ) .3*=<*+6'&? 6-7B? & 6(I&*%/+0D '*"&7*% ........................37 A&,'8,;1 #"4*?<1,)2 5",,'7 -*"8; 39

Q-(0( 3: C#%"1"*'" %*+A+%"1*+A+ 2+;'(-6*+A+ +33+1."*'@ ..................41 D"4 8;/"#).+ &'()"*+,'1 '..'/01,)1 8 ()E/"%? ...........................41

F/'81,+ ) -*>6)," &'()"*+,'-' '..'/01,)2 8 /1-)',1 ...........................45 973#'7#3* %&G-+&D ..............................45 9(I&*%/+(- (77(3=-+&- & K+<-'6 C-%()-C-6'(.( 3*>)&7&B ...48 K+<&)&<#*%/+0- ?*3*'7-3&67&'& & &? )%&B+&- +* 6(I&*%/+(- (77(3=-+&- ..............49

A&,'8,;1 #"4*?<1,)2 5",,'7 -*"8; .55

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Q-(0( 4: &0'.8B'" 2'-? 2+;'(-6*+A+ +33+1."*'@ ..................57 G./>4.>/; ) ),&.).>.; 8 /'*) 58)0>H)% &)* &'()"*+,'-' '..'/01,)2 ) 8'8*1<1,)2 ....................57 5*6%-<&- "3(G%(.( .............................57 K>1-+-+&B &+67&7#7() & .(6#<*367)-++(- "3*)%-+&- ............59 @-3?()-+67)( >*'(+* & 6(I&*%/+(- )()%-C-+&- ....................61 K+67&7#70 30+'* 73#<* ......................62

I'*).)4) 4"4 58)0>H)1 &)*; &'()"*+,'-' '..'/01,)2 ) 8'8*1<1,)2 .................................................64 R(<-%& 3(67* ..........................................64 9(I&*%/+*B "(%&7&'* ) 3(%& <)&=#A-D 6&%0 .......................67 4(%&7&'& <-I-+73*%&>*I&& ) 3(%& <)&=#A&? 6&% ..........................69

J1,,'&.) ) $'51*) ='8151,)2 8 /'*) 58)0>H)% &)* &'()"*+,'-' '..'/01,)2 ...............................................71 4(% ...............................................................72 R-+/G&+67)* ..........................................72 !7C#=<-+&- & #?(< &> ($A-67)* ....76

A&,'8,;1 #"4*?<1,)2 5",,'7 -*"8; .76

Q-(0( 5: M"23*?) /+*3"/23 ' 2+;'(-6*+" +33+1."*'" .................79 B1&.,;7 4',.14&. ..................................79 R(+(.(3(<* & F'(+(1&'* >+*+&D ............................79 @%&B+&- F'(%(.&C-6'&? '*7*673(E +* 6(I&*%/+(- (77(3=-+&- .............................................81

9,5)8)5>"*+,;1 /)&4) ) $1&.,;7 4',.14&. ...............................82 ,&6'&, 6)B>*++0- 6 "&A-D & =&%/-1 ...................................................82 R-67+(- ($3*>()*+&- .........................83 X-3"&1(67/ ' '(33#"I&& ...................84

D'-5" $1&.,;7 4',.14&. >&>->6*21. ),5)8)5>"*+,;1 /)&4) ....84 K+)*%&<+(67/ & 1-67+0D '(+7-'67 ..............................85

!$3*>()*+&-, 1-67( "3(=&)*+&B & "-36"-'7&)0 73#<(#673(D67)* ....86 @(>3*67, 1-67( "3(=&)*+&B & F'(%(.&C-6'&- '*7*673(E0 ..........87

A&,'8,;1 #"4*?<1,)2 5",,'7 -*"8; ................................................87

Q-(0( 6: R( =83' / +,B"2308 7-@ 02"D ................................................89 A&,'8,;1 #"4*?<1,)2 5'4*"5" ............89

!14'$1,5"()): &./".1-)<1&4)7 >/'81,+............................................................91 9(I&*%/+(- )()%-C-+&- '*' "(%&7&C-6'(- ($B>*7-%/67)( ...92 4(#C&7-%/+0D ("07 8)3("-D6'(.( 9(2>* ............................94

I/181,.)8,;1 ='*).)4) 5*2 &,)01,)2 ),5)8)5>"*+,;% /)&4'8 '..'/01,)2 ................................................95 @()%-'*2A&- 6(I&*%/+0- #6%#.& .95 !$3*>()*+&-, ><3*)((?3*+-+&- & (6+()+0- #6%#.&, <(67#"+0- <%B )6-? ..............................95 Z%#CG-+&- )(>1(=+(67-D 73#<(#673(D67)* ....................................96 4-3-61(73 6&67-10 6(I&*%/+(D >*A&70 .............................98 Z6%#.& <%B "(=&%0? %2<-D ...............99 4(6($&B +* 3-$-+'* .............................99 9(I&*%/+0- #6%#.& <%B #B>)&10? 6-1-D .......................... 100 4(6($&B "( $->3*$(7&I- ................ 101

A6/".).+ 58)0>H)1 &)*; &'()"*+,'-' '..'/01,)2 8 &)*; 8'8*1<1,)2 ................................... 101 5* "#7& ' )()%-'*2A&1 &+67&7#7*1............................................. 101 !"3-<-%-+&- 6((7)-767)#2A-D 3(%& .(6#<*367)* ............................... 102 4()0G-+&- FEE-'7&)+(67& .(6#<*367)-++(.( #"3*)%-+&B ..... 102 R-67+0- 6()-70 & 1-=1#+&I&"*%/+(- 6(73#<+&C-67)( ................................... 103 M(31&3()*+&- 6(I&*%/+(.( '*"&7*%* ................................................. 103 V'(+(1&C-6'&- "(%&7&'& <%B )()%-'*2A-.( 3(67* ................ 104

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5()(- ("3-<-%-+&- 3(67* ) '(+7-'67- C-%()-C-6'(.( 3*>)&7&B ................................................. 104 H&)-36&E&'*I&B )(>1(=+(67-D 3(67* ......................... 104 !"7&1&>*I&B E(31 )()%-C-+&B .(6#<*367)* ) F'(+(1&C-6'#2 <-B7-%/+(67/ .. 105

K1/1# .'*1/",.,'1 $;@*1,)1 4 .'*1/",.,'$> '6H1&.8> ............... 106 ,-*%&67&C+0- "(<?(<0 ' $(3/$- 6 <&6'3&1&+*I&-D ......... 106 @()%-'*2A-- ($3*>()*+&- & 30+'& 73#<* ...................................... 107

:"&./'74" ='*).)4) ," $1&.,;7 4',.14&. ......................... 108 5*3*A&)*+&- ($A-67)-++(.( "(7-+I&*%* & ($Y-<&+B2A-- 6(I&*%/+(- "%*+&3()*+&- ............ 108 K+<&)&<#*%/+(- "3-<"3&+&1*7-%/67)( & C#)67)( "3&+*<%-=+(67& ' 6(($A-67)# ........................................ 108

L14>H)7 $',).'/),- ) '(1,4" =/'(1&&" &'()"*+,'-' 8'8*1<1,)2 .. 109 4(%&7&'*, (6+()*++*B +* E*'7*?, <*++0? & "('*>*7-%B? ...................................... 109 9#$3-.&(+*%/+0D (7'3070D 1-7(< '((3<&+*I&& .......................... 110

M"3+7'5"2/'" =1'-+."*'@ ............111 I/)*'01,)1 1: 9&&*15'8",)1 .................... =' 8'=/'&"$ &'()"*+,'-' '..'/01,)2 (2009) ................................ 111 1.1. @)(<+*B &+E(31*I&B ............... 111 1.2. !?)*7 & )3-1-++0- 3*1'& ..... 111 1.3. 8<&+&I* +*$%2<-+&B & *+*%&>*, 3*>1-3 )0$(3'& & 1-7(< E(31&3()*+&B )0$(3'& .................................................. 112 1.4. J+'-7* .............................................. 112 1.5. U*3*'7-3&67&'& +*6-%-++0? "#+'7(), "("*)G&? ) )0$(3'# ......................... 113 1.6. S*C-67)-++0- *6"-'70 6(I&*%/+(.( (77(3=-+&B ............... 114

I/)*'01,)1 2: 9#$1/1,)1 $,'-'$1/,'-' &'()"*+,'-' '..'/01,)2 .................. 115 2.1. 4(673(-+&- &+<-'6* & )0$(3 &+<&'*7(3() ....................... 115 2.2. 43()-3'* +*<-=+(67& &+<&'*7(3() <%B &+<-'6* 6(I&*%/+(.( (77(3=-+&B ............... 118 2.3. 4(673(-+&- 1+(.(1-3+(.( K+<-'6* 9(I&*%/+(.( !77(3=-+&B .......................................... 121 2.4. @0$(3 "(3(.() ............................ 122 2.5. ,-.&(+*%/+0- 63-<+&- – )>)-G-++0- &%& +-)>)-G-++0-? .......................... 124

I/)*'01,)1 3: I/'E)*) &'()"*+,'-' '..'/01,)2 '.51*+,;% &./", ...... 126

I/)*'01,)1 4: G=)&'4 &'4/"H1,)7 . 128

N',-'+A1(>'@ ...................................129