บทความวิชาการ...
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บทความวิชาการ ประชุมวิชาการชาติยมกับพหุวัฒนธรรม, ธันวาคม 2551, กระทรวงการพัฒนาสังคมและความมั่นคงของมนุษย์TRANSCRIPT
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22- 23 2551
-
:
239 . . . 50200
053-943595 053-893-279
e-mail: [email protected]
URL: http://rcsd.soc.cmu.ac.th
: -
131 3 . . . 50100
053-114066
e-mail: [email protected]
1
1,000
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2551
.
7
22-23 2551
450
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--- 31.
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73.
: 87..
114. .
128
:
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153
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: 197
: 205.
:
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2540 234
:
249.
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. 260
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- 3 295
311
3 318
: 347
360
373.
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22 2551
.
20
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22-23
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.
13
.
.
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14
60
66
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22-23
2551
.
15
.
150-200
250
450
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16
.
6
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2551
.
19
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5
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.. 2475 2475
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2475
2475
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.
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22-23
2551
.
21
.. 2500
.. 2500
3 - 4
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22
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6
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20 % 80 %
80 %
-
22-23
2551
.
23
..2544
3
4
-
22-23
2551
.
25
1
2
self-government autonomy
1
2
-
26
self-government autonomy
self-government autonomy
declaration
ethnic cultural minority
animism
19 20
person national ethnic
-
22-23
2551
.
27
1965
27
30
3 - 4 Durban
30
...
1 ... 337
2 ... 1995
1995 3 ...
-
28
13
EIA
EIA
Human Right Impact Assessment (HRIA) Social Impact
Assessment (SIA) ... ...
...
-
1
90
...
-
22-23
2551
.
29
-
---
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22-23
2551
.
31
--- 1
. 2
(Power Point)
(Siam)
(inter-changeable)
.
(inter-changeable)
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(Power point)
( )
:
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. :
: ?
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2
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32
:
2550
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:
57
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2482 7
. ()
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2551
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33
42 6 .
24
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8 2482
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24 2482
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(Siam)
.. 2475
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Deutschland
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3
RCSD
-
1 ?
?
-
22-23
2551
.
37
?
2
(Imagined Community)
30
Imagined Community
Imagine Imagination
5 Creole - nationalism
USA
Creole - nationalism Ethno-linguistic Nationalism
Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary
Official Nationalism
Anti - colonial Nationalism
Long Distant Nationalism
Globalization ()
Long Distant Nationalism
Siam Thailand 24 2482
2, 3 4 Ethno - linguistic Nationalism (
) Official Nationalism
Official Nationalism ?
?
?
Long Distant Nationalism
6
Domestic Politics Foreign Politics
?
?
2475
2475
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38
1 20 2476 Counter Coup
7
.. 2477
2
?
?
..
2483 ?
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.
.
(Siam)
( )
.
.. 2484
? regaining ()
(receiving)
(if)
3
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22-23
2551
.
39
(New VS Ancient Regimes)
(Quotation) .
6 .
6
Nation Building
1930, 1940 Race
Ethnicity Race Racism
-
- - 8 .. 2489 2490
1960
2 - 3
2548 - 2549 - 2550 - 2551
?
?
(Siam)
Place name (Race)
?
Race
? 8
18 ?
-
40
ATM
Siam Commercial Bank
.. 2482 70
Identity
(drink)
Where are you from? Who are you?
()
? 5
. 112 (Paknam Incident)
3-4 3 - 4 3
Thailand Siam
(Thailand)
Nation (narrow minded)
?
?
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22-23
2551
.
41
()
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:
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.....
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2551
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43
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I.
60
70 3
5 (24 ),
(23 ), (3 ), - (18 ) - (2 )
/
(William Smalley 1994)
( / )
1
2
3 .
25 2. . . 2549.
Suwilai Premsrirat. 2006. Language Situation: Thailand Encyclopedia of Languages and Linguistics,
2nd Edition, Oxford: Elsevier Limited.
-
44
( , , , )
, ,
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)
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45
II.
( )
(2545) 14
()
() () ( )
. . .
50
( ), (), ( )
9
-
14
-
46
( )
Michel Krauss (1992) 90
6,000
10
. .
2008 The loss of these languages
would not only weaken the worlds culture diversity, but also our collective knowledge as a human race, (Bun
Ki-moonUN Secretary General)
III.
-
22-23
2551
.
47
---
( )
(Education for All)
-
48
1.
() ()
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)
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5
6
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2551
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51
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2551
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53
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24(1): 5-17. : .
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. 2542. . . 267-284.
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.
. 2549. . :
. : .
. 2547. . . :
.
. 2545. . 21
1 - 2545 5-35.:
.
. 2551.
: . .
.
Suwilai Premsrirat. 2008. Language for National Reconciliation: Southern Thailand. EENET (Enabling Education
Network Magazine). Issue 12 August 2008 (www.eenet.org.uk).
. 2007. Endangered Languages of Thailand. International Journal of Sociology of Language. 186(2007):
75-93.
. 2007. Revitalization Ethnic Minority Language. Sang Saeng Magazine. No.18 Spring 2007. UNESCO
. 2006. Language Situation: Thailand. Encyclopedia of Languages and Linguistics. 2nd Edition, Oxford:
Elsevier Limited.
. 2001. The future of Nyah Kur. In Robert S. Bauer, ed. Collected Papers on Southeast Asian and
Pacific Linguistics. pp. 155-165. Canberra: The Australian National University.
-
54
. 1998. Language maintenance and language shift in minority languages of Thailand. In Studies in
Endangered Languages. Paper from the International Symposium on Endangered Languages. Tokyo.
November 18-20 1995. ed. Kazuto Matsumura.
Suwilai Premsrirat and Dennis Malone. 2006. Language development and language revitalization in Asia. MKS
35:101-120.
Grimes, Barbara F. (Editor) 2000. Ethnologue Vol. I. Languages of the World, Ethnologue Vol. II Maps and Indexes.
Fourtheen Edition. Texas: SIL International.
Smalley, William A. 1994. Linguistic Diversity and National Unity. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
-
22-23
2551
.
55
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2551
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(.)
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58
.. 2550
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7 . 3 1 2544 30 2551
4,568
169 (3.70 %)
4
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.. 2550
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. .
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.
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2551
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59
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30 2551 169
30/9/51 108
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30/9/51 61
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2549 3 1 2 3
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.
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, 2551
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2551
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30 2551
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4 01
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.
4 01
100
2) . . .
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8 550/2548 ( ) 149/2549 (
)
9 171/2551
10 306/2551
-
62
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- ..
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(.) (.)
. . . ( )12
2) . . 13
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2)
. ( 61 )
2.1)
(6 )
- .
1,243 (..14)15 5 2545
. 1,243
(..14)
11 520/2547
12 124/2551
13 780/2550
14 16/2547 .. 2545 2547 242 286
15 :
2548 5
-
22-23
2551
.
63
.
2.2) (24 )
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. 16
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17
2.3) ( 30 )
18
2.3.1)
.
.
16 7/2548, 2548 34 44
17 228/2550
18
2540 2550 , 2551
5 ( 1 5) 2545 2548
-
64
1) . .
. 30 2541
2542 .
2548
.
19
2) . . . FTP 25 .
.
.
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20
2.3.2)
38
1) . . .
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21
2) . . .
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19 29/2549, . 2549 2 153 172
20 752/2550
21 380/2550
-
22-23
2551
.
65
10 12
29 ..
2551 200 22
3)
. . .
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- . . .
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5
.
2549 14
106
24
2) . .25 2516
1,200
2524
22 383/2551
23 762/2550
24 52/2549 , 2549 2 230 252
2545 48
25 316/2550, 2550
-
66
3) . . .26
6
1 100 12
.
4) . . . .
27
5) . .
8
28
6) ( ) . . .
9 2530
. .. 2481
29
2.4
2.4.1) 1 . .
30
2.4.2)
7 - 10
26 17/ 2549 , 2549 2 80 87
27 28/2549 , 2549 2 119 152
28 64/2549 , 2549 2 327 - 339
29 90/2549 , 2549 2
30 620/ 2547
-
22-23
2551
.
67
... 30 .. 2541
. 30 . 2541
1)
. .
5,425 50
3,492
2,700
31
29.55 32
2) .
. .33
2.4.3 ( )
- .
( )
34
31 430/2551
32 677/2550 2550
33 59/2549, 2549
34 511/2551
-
68
2.5
.
1) . . .
35 .
2) . .
36
3) . . ..3
37
4) ( ) . .
200 1,000
2512
117
. 2519 2538 2545
2475 2482
35 25/2548.
2549 2548 396 400
36 81/2549 , 2549 2 423 443
37 339/2548
-
22-23
2551
.
69
38
.
(
61/295 13 2550
29 2549)
2540 2550 4
26 30 66, 67
.
1)
1.1) (
)
2546-47
38 470/2550, 2550
-
70
1.2)
30 2551 100
15 . ... .. 2504
6 39
38
1.3)
1.4)
2)
2.1)
2.2)
.
. 4
.
2.3)
39 6
.
-
22-23
2551
.
71
2.4)
50
. 17 2543
2548 ( 2)
.
...
.. 2542 (
2540 ) .
73 ( 11 2551)
8
.
7 .
.
-
72
( )
1)
2)
/
3)
4)
5)
-
22-23
2551
.
73
1
. 2
3
(membership goods)
(exclusive state) -
Coleman Harding
4
(distributive justice)
5
Coleman Harding ()
1
2
3 William Wetherall, Nationality in Japan, in Soo Im Lee, et al, (eds), Japans Diversity Dilemmas: Ethnicity, Citizenship,
and Education, New York, iUniverse, Inc., New York, 2006, p.11
4 Jules L.Coleman and Sarah K.Harding, Citizenship, the demands of justce, and the moral relevance of political borders,
in Schwartz, Warren,ed., Justice in Immigration, p.35
5 38.
-
74
6 Seyla Benhabib
7
8 Benedict
Anderson
9
()
10
6 Seyla Benhabib, The Rights of Others: Aliens, Residents and Citizens, Cambridge University Press, 2004, p.1
7 18
8
9 Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, London, 2000, p. 6
10 Jean Hampton, Immigration, justice and identity, in Schwartz, Warren,ed., Justice in Immigration, p.77
-
22-23
2551
.
75
11
90
. .
-
.
20
2
17
12
67
11 3 2548 , 8
() 2550
143-148
12
-
76
-
...13
23 .. 2498
.. 2499
5 .. 2521
.. 2521
30 21 .. 2521
2
.. 2528
2
12 .. 2548
13 11 .
.
16 Miss Jamie Shark Music Camp
.
...14
( 2551)
() ( ?) 5 2545
13 ...
() 138-141
14
-
22-23
2551
.
77
1,243
2551
15
(Stateless Person)
(Nationalityless Person) (Rohingya)
..
2520
2525
10
15-16
2-3
1-2
2
15
() 157-163
-
78
(Personal Legal Status)
16 25
(
18 2548) 6
2548
/
/
- -
( )
2
(refugees) (asylum seekers)
-
16 (
) ()
2 ..2540
2544 20 2540
()
3 2528 15 2542
35 500 20
6
..
2543 ( )
-
22-23
2551
.
79
2550
() 514,420
69,229 2549 () 1.52
2,021,643 /
5-18 249,129 12.30 %
17
18
30 .. 2518 18
2544
19
/
8 20
Atsuko Abe
Zainichi
17
2550
18
19 Dr. Soo Im Lee 10 2550
20 23 2550
-
80
21
2549
2,084,919 598,219
560,741 312,979 193,488
22
800,000
Atsuko Abe
2533
-
23
24
/
Benedict Anderson
Westphalian
25
21 Atsuko Abe, Citizenship, Colonial Past and Immigration Policy A Comparative Study between Japan and the United
Kingdom, in Obirin Review of International Studies, No.18, 2006, Obirin University, pp.107-130
22 Statistics compiled by Yuji KIMURA, RINK, Osaka City, October 25, 2007
23 Atsuko Abe 119.
24 Atsuko Abe 119.
25 120.
-
22-23
2551
.
81
.... 26
27
28
Seyla Benhabib
29
30
-
jussanguinis
jussoli
()31
26 Seyla Benhabib 4.
27 J.Habermas, The inclusion of other, in Studies in Political Theory, C.Cronin and P.de Greif, (eds.), Cambridge (Mass.),
MIT Press, 1998, p.132.
28 Citizenship, First published Friday, 13 October, 2006.
29 Seyla Benhabib 5.
30 1.
31 T. Alexander Aleinikoff and Douglas Klusmeyer (codirectors), Citizenship Policies for an Age of Migration, MPI, Washington,
D.C., 2002, p.2.
-
82
()
/
/ /
/ /
/ / /
/
/32
Jules L. Coleman Sarah K.Harding 33
1)
2)
3)
32 Jean Hampton, Immigration, justice and identity, in Schwartz, Warren, ed., Justice in Immigration
33 Jules L.Coleman and Sarah K.Harding, Op.Cit., pp. 26-34.
-
22-23
2551
.
83
4)
5) /
6)
Seyla Benhabib civil death civil death
///
Hampton
-
84
34
Hampton
35
15
24
36
/
34
35
36 Seyla Benhabib 99.
-
22-23
2551
.
85
1. Anderson, Benedict, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, London, 2000.
2. Aleinikoff, T.Alexander, and Douglas Klusmeyer (codirectors), Citizenship Policies for an Age of Migration, MPI,
Washington, D.C., 2002.
3. Atsuko Abe, Citizenship, Colonial Past and Immigration Policy A Comparative Study between Japan and the
United Kingdom, in Obirin Review of International Studies, No.18, 2006, Obirin University, pp.107-130.
4. Benhabib, Seyla, The Rights of Others: Aliens, Residents and Citizens, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
5. Citizenship, Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http://plato.standford.edu/entries/citizenship/, visited on April
21, 2001.
6. Furukawa Shunichi and Menju Toshihiro (eds.), Japans Road to Pluralism, Japan Center for International
Exchange, Tokyo, 2003.
7. Habermas, Jergens, The inclusion of other, in Studies in Political Theory, C.Cronin and P.de Greif, (eds.),
Cambridge (Mass.), MIT Press, 1998
8. Hicks,George, Japans Hidden Apartheid: The Korean Minority and the Japanese, Ashgate, Brookfield USA, 1998.
9. Kok-Chor Tan, Justice Without Borders: Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism and Patriotism, Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press, 2004.
10. Kritya Achavanijkul, Migrants and the issue of management of education in Thailand, IPSR, Mahidol University,
January, 2007.
11. Mario Jorge Yutzis, Racial discrimination based on descent: A challenge for all human beings, in IMADR,
Peoples for Human Rights, Vol.9, October 2004.
12. Soo Im Lee, et al, (eds), Japans Diversity Dilemmas: Ethnicity, Citizenship, and Education, New York, Uni-
verse, Inc., New York, 2006.
13. Thongchai Winichakul, Siam Mapped: A History of the Geo-body of a Nation, Silkworm Books, Chiangmai, 1994.
14. Warren , F.Schwartz, ed., Justice in Immigration, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995.
15. () : 2550
-
22-23
2551
.
87
: 1
.. 2
(Classification)
/
-
-
-
-
2460 Boas (1888
M.Harris 1968) (New Ethnography)3
C.Frake (1961) ( C.Eastman 1975 2544)
Foucault (1970)
1
2 ( )
3 Marvin Harris (1968:568)
D. Kaplan R. Manners(1972)
-
88
/ ( )
()
()
/
.
/
-
22-23
2551
.
89
(A. Barnard 2007:15-16)
17-18
19
/
(Jones 2005: 40-41)
(Stocking 1968)
(Kaplan and Manners 1972:2)
2
Jones (2005)
(race) (culture) (language) 194
19 ( )
Jones (2005: 40) 19
(human groups)
Pritchard
1973 (1813)5
(fluid) 19
19
1860 1870 ( 2400 2410)
4
5 Jones 2005:42
-
90
. (E.Tylor) (Morgan)6
(cultures) (historical
particularism) 19 20
1880
(Harris 1968: 384, Voget 1975:319-329 Boas
1975 orig. 1896)
( 19 20)
(Jones 2005: 40)
(tribe) (tribal society)
(Jones 2005: 48)
(Jones 2005: 48)
6 Tylor (orig. 1871)
Tylor
3 (animism)
(poly-theism) (monotheism)
-
22-23
2551
.
91
(band) / (tribe) (peasant
Society) 20
1940-1960 2 (Leslie White)
(Julian Steward) (
2532) (Sahlins) (Redfield)
(Steward 1955, Service 1966) / (Sahlins
1968) (Redfield 1941, Wolf 1966)
(ethnic group)
7
4
..1950
..1951
..1964
..1967
1 (ethnic group)
genes
(mental
characteristics)
(ethnic
group) (ethnic group)
7
-
92
(Montagu 1972: 76-80)
(Montagu 1972)
1950
(Zenner 1996: 393)
(culture unit) (Naroll 1964)
3
4 8
Zenner (1996) (tribe)
tribe
tribu
(Sahlin 1968) ethnic group
(Naroll
1964) 1960 Ethnic Group of
Mainland Southeast Asia
1960 -
(Leach 1964) (Kachin)
(Moerman 1967)
8 (
)
-
22-23
2551
.
93
(Levine) (Campbell) .1972
( 2547)
1960
( 2547)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(Social Interactionism)
(Barth
1969) (2547)
-
94
(ethnic identity) (ethnic category)
(ethnic boundary)
(exclusion and inclusion)
(playing the same game)
(Abner
Cohen 1974)
/
:
(race)
(
19 1960)
-
22-23
2551
.
95
(ethnicity) (ethnic identity) (ethnic boundary)
(diaspora) (transnationalism)
( )
(
) ..2546
9
e-HRAF (Human Relation Area
Files - Collection of Ethnography) (Yale University)
/
e-HRAF Description
Cultural Summary (Subject Categories) ( 1)
9
()
-
96
1. : 10
2. :
-
-
-
- (Subject Categories) 31 Categories ( 2) 3
-
-
-
3.
e-HRAF
/
4.
()
(
( ) ( )
10
1980
-
22-23
2551
.
97
2 ()
1 2
4
2
2
11
subject categories
:
On-line
11
-
98
1
2
3
4
5
12
( )
- ( /) .
- .
-
-
- . .
-
-
-
-
-
-
- / ( )
-
12 (Lawa)
-
22-23
2551
.
99
-
-
( )
-
( ) ()
() ( )
(ethnicity)
-
100
:
13
14
/
(Austroasiatic) -
(
2547)15
13
14
15 1: -
(2543) David D. Thomas (1964)
A Survey of Austroasiatic and Mon-Khmer Comparative Studies
- (Munda)
David Bradley (1994) East and Southeast
Asia Atlas of the Worlds Languages
- Thomas and Headley (1970) -
Palaungic Khmuic Felus (1974a) Palaungic Khmuic Mang
( Palaungic Thomas and Headley
.
-
22-23
2551
.
101
-
( 2547: 19)
-
( )
()
()16
( )
16
-
102
500
100 3
()
( )
2
2
-
-
2
2
-
22-23
2551
.
103
()
17
-
(2527) 13 (
..2053)18
Seidenfaden (1923) (Lawa) ..1613 (..2456)
19() 20
1,300 (2527)
1,300
Cholthira
Satyawadhna (1991) 3 3
21 (generic term)
Table I: Classification of Lawa Ethnonyms
17
18
19 Seidenfaden
20 ..2000 ..1200 (
)
21 The Dispossessed: An Anthropological
Reconstruction of Lawa Ethnohistory in the Light of Their Relationship with the Tai (1991)
-
104
( )
-
22-23
2551
.
105
( )
(2549: 7)
..1979 (2522)
54 22
5
1. Austro Asiatic (He Nam A)
2. Austronesian (He Nam Dao)
3. Sino Tibetan (Han Tang)
4. Thai-Kadai (Thai-Kadai)
5. Hmong-Yao (Hmong-Dao)
5
22 1972 37
1974 59
= 36
= 23
-
106
2 (Thai)
(Tay)
Charles Keyes (2002:1187)
Charles Keyes (2002:1179)
(national integration)
20 85%
( )
.. 2470-2480
(Thai race)
9 2501
.. 2502
(
)
..
2529
6
(Tribal Re-
search Institute 1995) 10 ()
-
22-23
2551
.
107
.. 2513
..2543 6
6
9 23
(1) () () ( ) ()
(2)
(3) ,
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7) , , , ,
(8)
(9)
35 500
20
23 2543
-
108
(United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples)24
(.. 2546)25
:
3
1. /
(peasant soceity)
2.
3.
24
( )
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of the Indigenous Peoples
25
-
22-23
2551
.
109
1.
2.
3.
4. 1-3
1: e-HRAF
Culture: North American Hmong
Religion: North America
Country: United states
Description: Country: United States
File Table of Content
( ...)
Bishop, Kent Ausburn: The Hmong of Central California..
Cultural Summary: North American Hmong
Authors: ..
Ethnonyms
Meo, Miao, Mpeo, HMong. Mong, Moob. Hmoob
Orientation
Identification and Location
Linguistic Affiliation
History and Cultural Relations
-
110
Settlements
Economy
Etc.
scanned
Subject Categories
100 orientation
101 identification
102 maps
103 place names
104 glossary
105 cultural summary
etc.
2: Subject Categories
Text Analyst:
Subject:
Author:
Title:
Document Type:
Total Pages:
Source:
Year of publication:
Location of Document:
Focus:
Theoretical Issues:
Ethnic Group(s) focused in the Study:
Language and Linguistic Affiliations:
Community Site and Environment:
-
22-23
2551
.
111
Settlement Pattern:
Study Period:
History of the Group and Community:
Demography (population number and structure, migration, birth and death):
Economy (natural resources, resource utilization, technology, production, exchange, and consumption):
Social Organization (marriage, family structure types, kinship including descent groups, other kinds of
grouping such as client-patron relationship, classes, interested groups and socialization):
Political Organization (power structure and relations, leadership, factions, conflicts, relationship to state,
social control, laws):
Belief Systems (beliefs, values, ideology, religious rites and practices):
Education and Socialization:
Health and Medicine (sanity, beliefs related to health and healing):
Folklore (myths, legends, stories and play):
Arts and Crafts (architecture, clothing, literature, handicrafts, songs, dances, etc.):
Ethnicity (ethnic identity, identification, ethnic maintenance, boundaries and relation):
Socio-cultural and Identity Change:
Other issue:
Abstract:
Map & Illustration:
Date of Report:
-
112
. 2551.
. ...
( ). 2551.
:
( )
( ), ( ). 2541.
Politics of Ethnicity 19 2
. 2525. ( 6) 4
1-8.
. 2532. .
. 2544.
18 1 ( - )
. 2546. Barth
. :
. 2547.
. : ( )
. 2549.
2549 .
. : .
. 2549. :
( )
. 2550.
2420 2520.
.
. 2545. . :
. 2538. 30 .
. 2543.
.. 2543
Banks, Marcus. 1997. Ethnicity: Anthropological Constructions. London: Routledge.
Barnard, Alan. 2007. History and Theory in Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Barth, Fredrik. 1969a. Introduction in Ethnic Groups and Boundaries, ed. F. Barth. Boston Little Brown.
.1969b. Pathan Identity and Maintainance.
Boas, Franz. 1888. The Central Eskimo. Washington: Smithsonian Institute.
Cohen, Abner. 1974 Introduction: The Lesson of Ethnicity Urban Ethnicity, ed. A. Cohen.London:Tavistock.
Eastman, Carol.1975. Aspects of Language and Culture. San Francisco: Chandler & Sharp Publishers Inc.
Eriksen, Thomas.1993. Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives. London: Pluto Press.
-
22-23
2551
.
113
Foucault, Michel. 1970. The Order of Things. New York: Vintage Books.
Frake, Charles.1961. The Diagnosis of Disease among the Subanum of Mindanao American Anthropologist,
63:113-132.
Keyes, F. Charles. 2002. The Peoples of Asia: Science and Politics in The Classification of Ethnic Groups in
Thailand, China and Vietnam The Journal of Asian Studies, 61 No.4,1163-1203.
Harris, Marvin.1968. The Rise of Anthropological Theory. New York: Thames Y. Cromwell Company.
Indigenous Knowledge and Peoples Network. 2008. United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indig-
enous Peoples. n.d.
Jones, Sian. 2005. The Archaeology of Ethnicity. New York: Routledge.
Zenner, Walter. 1996. Ethnicity, Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology, vol. 2. New York: Henry Holt
and Company.
Kaplan, David and Robert Manners. 1972. Culture Theory. London: Prentice-Hall International. Inc.
Leach, Edmund. 1964. Political Systems of Highland Burma. London: The Athlone Press.
Levine, Robert A. and Donald Campbell.1972. Ethnocentrism: Theories of Conflict, Ethnic Attitude and
Group Behavior. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Mantague, Asley. 1972. Statement on Race. London: Oxford University Press.
Moerman, Michael. 1967. Ethnic Identification in a Complex Civilization: Who are the Lue?. American Anthropolo-
gist, Vol.67, No.5, 1215-1230.
Morgan, Henry Lewis. 1974(1877). Ancient Society. Gloucester, Mass: Peter Smith.
Murdock, George.1957. World Ethnographic Sample. American Anthropologist, vol.59.
Naroll, Raoul. 1964. On Ethnic Unit Classification. Current Anthropology, Vol.5 No.4, p.306-312.
Prichard, J.C. 1973. (orig.1813) Researches into the Physical History of Man. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
Redfield, Robert.1941. The Folk Culture of Yucatan. University of Chicago Press. Chicago Press.
Sahlins, Marshal. 1968. Tribesmen. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Satayawadhana, Cholthira. 1991 The Dispossessed: An Anthropological Reconstruction Lawa Ethnohistory.
Satyawadhna, Cholthira. 1991. The Dispossessed: An Anthropological Reconstruction of Lawa Eth-
nohistory in the Light of their Relationship with the Tai. Bangkok: Thammasat University, 1991.
Sathipiansiri, Satawat and Nipatvej Suebsaeng. 2001. Desk Reviewers: Hill Tribe Situation in Thailand. Tribal
Research Institute.
Service, Elman.1968. The Hunters. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Stocking, George. 1968. Race, Culture and Evolution: Essays in the History of Anthropology. New
York: Free Press.
Tylor, Edwards. 1873. Primitive Culture. London: John Murray.
Vermeulen, Hans & Cora Gloves (eds.). 2000. The Anthropology of Ethnicity Beyond Ethnic Group and
Boundaries. Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis.
Voget, Fred. 1975. A History of Ethnology. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Wolf, Eric. 1966. Peasants. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
-
114
1
. . 2
(Human Past)
-
-
(Mode of Production)
( )
(
-
/
1
2
-
22-23
2551
.
115
?
4
:
1.
(collective memory)
3
4
3 Anthony D. Smith, The Nation in History. Historiographical Debates about Ethnicity and Nationalism (Cambridge, 2000).
4 Brian Moloughney, Nation, Narative and Chinas New History in Roy Starrs (ed) Asian Nationalism in an Age of Globaliza-
tion Japan Library 2001: 205-222
-
116
4
.. 2475
.. 2475
5
2490-2500
14 2516
5
..
-
22-23
2551
.
117
24756
.. 2516 6 2519
7
.. 2516 - 2519
14 2516 - 6 2519
8
(conceptual metaphor)
2520
6
/ , : ,
7
......
8 :
-
-
118
.. 2540
2.
3
2500
-
22-23
2551
.
119
.. 2510
Collingwood
25139
10
2510
11
12 -
: 13
14
20 2115
16
17
18
19
9 :
10 : 2518
: 2518
11
12 Charnvit Kasetsiri The Rise of Ayudhaya: A History of Siam in the Fourteenth and Fiftheen Centuries. Oxford University
Press.
13 - :
- 2519.
14 20 21
- 2519.
15 : 2522
16 : 2529
17
25 2519
18 : 2525.
19
25 2519
-
120
...
()
....
-
22-23
2551
.
121
()
.. 2475
2490 ..2500 20
.. 2516 .. 2519
14 .. 2516
20
-
122
2520
30
21
.. 2540
21 : 2543
-
22-23
2551
.
123
(The good old times)22
(static)
23
24
22 Eva Osterberg Mentalities and Other Realities: Eassys
in Medival and Early Modern Scandinavian, Lund University Press 1991,
Atsushi Kitahara Andrew Walker
Shiniichi Shigatomi
23
24
( .)
-
124
-
-
-
(periodisation)
3.
2500
2500
-
22-23
2551
.
125
25
2500
26
2530
(constructing the
people) (constructing the village)
25
-
- ( )
26 : 2500
-
126
27
28
4. :
27
. .
. 11 2251
28 ( 2) : 2543
-
22-23
2551
.
127
-
128
1
2
3
(Oral History)
1
2
3 +
-
22-23
2551
.
129
1.
- (Mon-Khmer)
- (Austro-Asiatic)
4
14
5
.. 1143
(
) ...
...6
7
9 8
9
9
1 .. 2082
2 .. 2127
3 .. 2136
4 . (2543). -. 17.
5 Emmanuel Guillon. (1999). The Mons: A Civilization of Southeast Asia. P 72-43.
6 . (2529). . , .
7 . (2539). . 4. 19-20.
8 . (2547). 2. 189.
9 . (2541). . 52-74.
-
130
4 .. 2175
5 .. 2203
6 .. 2290
7 .. 2317
8 .. 2358
9 .. 2367
.. 2306
()
10
2.
697 11
......
10 . (2544). . 9.
11 . (2541). . 107.
-
22-23
2551
.
131
12 13
...
...14
12 . (, 2546). :
. . 25(2) 140-141.
13 . (2529). . . 11.
14 . (2531). .
. 12.
-
132
70 ()
15
(Nation-State)
.
70 16 (Culture Diversity)
60
...
....17
... ... ...
...
15 . (2550). . .
. . 14.
16 . (2547). . 15.
17 26 2550.
-
22-23
2551
.
133
200
(Unity in Diversity)
18
18 . (2551). . . 21 2551 21.00-21.30 .
-
134
3.
()
()
()
19
()
()
.. 2317 ()
20
( 1)
2 ()
19 . (2505). . 117.
20 . (2547). . 440-441 452.
-
22-23
2551
.
135
()
21
2
()
()
()
() ()
()
21 . (2512). .
. 13.
-
136
()
() 22
()
50
()
()
23
24
()
22 . (2538). . ( )
9 2538. 65-66.
23 . (2538). 1. 137. . (2538).
1. 327, 331, 386 702.
24 . (2538). 1. 87.
-
22-23
2551
.
137
25
26
() 10
4 ()27 ()
28
()
()
..2
29 The
English Governess at the Siamese Court 12 Shadows and Whispers of the Harem
() ()
8
3-5 ()
() 5 ( ) 9
25 . (2542). . . 254.
26 . (, 2538). . . 132.
27 . (2546). . 8.
28 . (2547).: . 135,
142-145 151.
29 . (, 2547). To Dear
. . 25(4). 97.
-
138
() 6
()
()
30
() 2
()
31
8
()32 10 ()
() ()
()
() (
)
()
33
34
30 . (, 2538). . 132.
31 . (2516). . 57-58.
32 . (2508). .
. 39.
33 , ,
24 2548.
34 . (, 2538). . 132.
-
22-23
2551
.
139
35
35
()
()
1 .. 2419
.. 2384
35 . .
-
140
52
102 36
()
10 2 3 4-9
10 ()37
.. 2384 2 1-2
20 .. 2362
2 .. 2358
40,000
2 .. 2320
.. 2318
() .. 2371
.. 2323
.. 2371
..
36 . (2506).
1237 . (). 1.
37 , ,
20 2547.
-
22-23
2551
.
141
.. 2512
2 1,918
()
38
3
1
(.. 24662485)
.. 2482 4
1
() (.. 24882528)
39
.. 2410
40
38 . (2530). . 70-72.
39 , , 77 1
24 2546.
40 , , 77 1
24 2546.
-
142
..
2362
-
22-23
2551
.
145
:
1
2
:
300
60% 600,000
1%
33
300
1
2 (.)
-
146
(.)
.. 2505
..
2540
?
. ..
2550
.
-
22-23
2551
.
147
.. 2549
.. 2549
..
2549 6
1) 19
.. 2551
2) 1
.. 2550
3) 10
.. 2551
4) 1
.. 2551
5)
1 2551
6) 23
.. 2551
40
1,496
(Mother Tongue Language in Education)
-
148
(.)
434 .. 1055
5 6
100
..
2475 .. 2540
.
3
3.7
-
22-23
2551
.
149
- 1
( 3. )
- 2 ( 1.
)
1
1,200
?
179 1 17
.. 2551
.. 2558
-
150
.. 2550 66
.. 2549 14
1 ...
2
-
22-23
2551
.
151
-
22-23
2551
.
153
1
2
2530
()
()
(Escobar 1996) ()
(authoritarianism)
( (multiple levels of manage-
ment)
Peter Vandergeest
(1996, 1999)
Forest Guardians, Forest Destroyers: the Politics of Environmental Knowledge
1
2
-
154
in Northern Thailand Tim Forsyth Andrew Walker (2008) Chris Baker (2008)
3
(
)
Forsyth and Walker
4
2
3 2001 Andrew Walker (2008) Karen Consensus, ethnic politics
and resource-use legitimacy in northern Thailand NGO
4
-
22-23
2551
.
155
Tim Forsyth Andrew Walker (2008) Forest
Guardians, Forest Destroyers
discourse
coalition NGO
(environmental narrative)
(Forsyth and
Walker 2008:23) NGO
( )
() ( )
(problem closure)
NGO
NGO
-
156
()
NGO
(
)
( NGO )
NGO
.
The community forest campaign is, to a significant extent, framed by the predominant preoccupa-
tion with forest conservation: indeed this seems its inherent problem closure.The irony is that the
advocates of community forestry have ended up promoting the official position that the campaign set
out to oppose: that agricultural presence and forest conservation are incompatible. This is the discursive
power of narratives. (p.57-8)
-
22-23
2551
.
157
( )
(
vs. )
(discourse coalition) (ignorant)
(
NGO)
(
)
5
(stereotype)
vs.
5
:
-
158
. (
Vandergeest 1996 )
(cultural opportunity)
(pragmatism)
vs.
wealth () wealth
6
()
6 1 2545
-
22-23
2551
.
159
() ()
( )
Vandana Shiva
()
anti-thesis
..
( 197)
( )
() ()
NGO
-
160
Waranoot and
Dearden
American
Midwest ( 223)
(First Nature)
(second Nature)
(Escobar 1996)
( 224)
( ADB) ()
(simplified)
(narrative analysis)
:
-
22-23
2551
.
161
/ (
)
7 (
) (
)
( ) (
) (
NGO )
( ) () (
)
7
(livelihood diversification)
-
162
()
NGO
(problem closure)
.
2540
(cross category)
(essentialism)
1980
1980 ( Hirsch 1993)
(
-
22-23
2551
.
163
2544)
/
(cultural opportunity)
( Yos 2004 )
8
(pragmatic)
(Pinkaew 2001)
( )
(
)
8
(
)
-
164
(clich)
( )
-
22-23
2551
.
165
. 2544. : . :
Baker, Chris. 2008. Trees do not create water: An Iconoclastic and provocative study of forests, science and
politics in Thailand, Bangkok Post, 01/09/2008. (Review of Tim Forsyth and Andrew Walker (2008) Forest
guardian, forest destroyers: the politics of environmental knowledge in northern Thailand.)
Escobar, Arturo. 1996. Constructing nature: elements for a post-structural political ecology, in R. Peets and M.
Watts (eds.) Liberation Ecology: Environment, and Development, and Social Movement. (Pp.46-68), New
York: Routledge.
Hirsch, Philip (ed.). 1993. The Village in Perspective: Community and Locality in Rural Thailand. Chiang Mai: Social
Research Institute. (5 short articles)
Forsyth, Tim and Andrew Walker. 2008. Forest Guardians, Forest Destroyers: The Politics of Environmental
Knowledge in Northern Thailand. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Pinkaew Laungaramsri. 2001. Redefining Nature: Karen Ecological Knowledge and the Challenge to Modern Con-
servation Paradigm. Chennai: Earthworm.
Vandergeest, Peter. 1996. Property rights in protected areas: Obstacles to community involvement as a solution
in Thailand, Environmental Conservation 23(3):259-68.
-------------------- 1999. Reply: Protected areas and property rights in Thailand, Environmental Conservation 26(1):7-9.
Walker, Andrew. 2001. The Karen consensus, ethnic politics and resourse-use legitimacy in northern Thailand.
Asian Ethnicity. 2(2), Pp.
Waranoot Tungitttiplakorn. 2002. Limitations of subsistence agriculture in the Highlands, In Environmental Protection
and Rural Development in Thailand: Challenges and Opportunities, ed. P. Dearden. Bangkok: White Lotus.
Yos Santasombat. 2004. Karen cultural capital and the political economy of symbolic power, Asian Ethnicity,
5(1) Pp.105-120.
-
166
1
. 2
2
6 52
80,000
2
2 3
3
1
2
-
22-23
2551
.
167
200
40 10
-
168
5
2518
12
()
3
2
3 . 153 156.
-
22-23
2551
.
169
3
-
170
21
-
22-23
2551
.
171
2520
2530
-
172
2
-
22-23
2551
.
173
2
14 16 2543 10,000
4
4 .
-
174
(.)
3
200-300
-
22-23
2551
.
175
3 2547
28 2547
20
()
5
5
-
176
2
6
3
6
-
22-23
2551
.
177
(.)
.
2548 (.)
6
3
6
-
178
7
7 2548
-
22-23
2551
.
179
8
2
3
3
5
8 . .
-
180
3
2
3
3
3
-
22-23
2551
.
181
.
, 2545.
. ,
. : , 2547.
. .
. : , 2546.
.
: .
: . .
: , 2548.
Fenton, Steve. Ethnicity. Polity Press in Association with Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2003.
Horstmann, Alexander. Class, Culture and Space: The Construction and Shaping of Communal Space
in South Thailand. Research Institute for the Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), 2002.
Gilquin, Michel. The Muslims of Thailand. Translated by Michael Smithies. Irasec: Silkworm Books, 2002.
Guibernau, Montserrat and John Rex. The Ethnicity Reader: Nationalism, Multiculturalism and Migration.
Polity Press in Association with Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 1999.
-
22-23
2551
.
183
: 1
. 2
(nation-state)
(unillingualism)
-
(Gellner 1983; Scott 1998)
(Weber 1979)
(imagined community)
(we-ness) (print capitalism)
(Anderson 1992)
-
John Stuart Mill (Esman 1992: 383)
-
(multilingualism) (Esman 1992)
-
- (globalization)
1
2
-
184
(deterritorialization)
(Appadurai 1996)
(
2551)
( 2548)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Franz Boas
the eye is the organ of seeing
(love) (pity)
(Boas 1964 [1911])
Edward Sapir Benjamin Lee Whorf
- (Sapir-Whorf hypothesis)
-
22-23
2551
.
185
(running) (ran)
(running) Wari ( )
tense (ran)
(will run) (runs) Era wari Warikni
Warikngwe
(Whorf 1956)
E. E. Evans-Prichard (Nuer)
(Evans-Pritchard 1940) Stevan
Feld (Kaluli)
-
(Feld 1990 [1982])
(Hickerson 2000:
151-153) Lokono () kobo duna
Oodham nowi Oodham
nowi
(Black Tai)
lng bng yn lng (
) tt bng ( )
-
186
(metaphor)
(Lakoff 1980)
(grammar) (lexicon) (taxonomy)
Boas Whorf
3
- (ethnic
identity) -
(ethnic boundaries) (Barth 1969)
Susan Gal
[ ]
(Gal 1998:325)
(language ideologies)
[]
3 the theory of meaning ethnography of speaking context
context-free Sapir-Whorf Saussurean structuralism Lakoff
Hymes 1970 Bauman 1996
-
22-23
2551
.
187
(Woolard and Schieffelin 1994:57-58)
-
British
American
(Gal 1998: 328) (iconization)
(recursive-
ness)
(erasure)
(Tai Thi )
()
3 (White Tai) (Black Tai) (Red Tai)
(Yukti 2007:141-182)
(Yukti 2007: 141-182)
-
188
1950s - 1960s
(Yukti 2007: 260-313)
-
(modernity at large)
(Appadurai 1996)
(time-space compression) (Harvey 1989)
- (Hardt and Negri 2000; 2549)
fundamentalism
-
22-23
2551
.
189
-
-
- (unilingualism) (multilingualism)
(Esman 1990)
(Esman 1992)
1960s
(Esman 1992:384)
Grammy Awards Latin Grammy Awards
.. 2543 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)
melting pot
-
4
.. 2497
4
-
190
-
15%
-
.. 2498
5
.. 2518
.. 2529
5
-
22-23
2551
.
191
(Central
Highlands) 2543 2546
-
6
-
-
25
55
20 / (Reynolds 1991:95)
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6 Yukti 2007: 240-313, 317-321
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(Esman 1992:395)
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Bhasa Indonesia
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: 1
2
2542
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-
( 11 2551)
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3
1
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3 S. James Anaya, Promotion and Protection of all Human Rights, Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,
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198
(EC/N.4/Sub.2/1986/7/Add.4, pa. 379)
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22-23
2551
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Kulchada Chaipipat, Review of Thai media coverage on migrant and mobile population and training
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2007.
Supalak Ganjanakhundee, Laos: A reserve for Thai growth in Asian Review 2007, Vol.20, Institute of Asian
Studies, Chulalongkorn University, 2007.
-
234
25401
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Amporn Jirattikorn. (2003). Suriyothai: hybridizing Thai national identity through film. Inter-Asia Cultural
Studies, Volume 4, Number 2.
Anchalee Chaiworaporn. (2002). Nostalgia in Post Crisis Thai Cinema. Focus: Forum On Contemporary
Art & Society, September 2002, Singapore.
Hunt, Leon. (2005).Ong-Bak: New Thai Cinema, Hong Kong and the Cult of the Real. Journal of Con-
temporary Film. Vol. 3, No.2.
Lewis, Glen. (2003).The Thai Movie Revival and Thai National Identity. Journal of Media & Cultural Stud-
ies. Vol.17, No.1.
Patsorn Sungsri. (2004). Thai Cinema as National Cinema: An Evolution History. Thesis for the Degree of Doctor
of Philosophy of Murdoch University.
Harrison, Rachel.(2005). Amazing Thai Film: The Rise and Rise of Contemporary Thai Cinema on the International
Screen. Asian Affairs, Vol.36, No 3.
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22-23
2551
.
249
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3 Pitch Pongsawat, Border Partial Citizenship, Border Towns, and Thai-Myanmar Cross-Border Development: Case Studies
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252
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