PaK TI2

PaK TI 2

BÇsÇ2552

PaKTI2

visuTiìm

KðE¨b

visuTiìmKðE¨b ERbeday

sa®sþacarü rs´-saevn

er[ber[geday Pikú¡vinyZera mhayin-en]n

I G i

e:HBum¬pSayCaZm μTanecjBI

vtþExμrsan´taGaNa

shrdðGaemrik

elIkTI1

cMnYn 5ç000 k|al

rkSasiTÆi

BÇ sÇ 2552

♣ ♣ ♣

cUrkMuePÂcxÂçn rkFmáGafá

Bwg«¨trtna cit¶sTìa

yksIl smaFi Pavna

TIBwgenHCa suxsan¶eGIy .

♣ ♣ ♣

Pikú¡vinyZera mhayin-en]n

vtþExμrsan´taGaNa 2630 N. Grand Ave. Santa Ana, CA 92705

(714) 744-2834 U.S.A.

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

Pikú¡vinyZera mhayin-en]n

ekIt ézáTI10 Exkk,da 1952

PUmiTYlRBM Rsukemagb\sSI extþ:tdMbg

rUbM CIrti mc©anM nameKatþM n CIrti

sa®sþacarürs-saevn

ekIt ézáTI07 Ex05 qñaM 1938

enAPUmiekaHsUCin RsukekaHsUCin extþkMBgcam

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

Garm¸kfa ‘rbs´Gñker[ber[g’

es[vePA ²bkrN¾viesseQμaHvisuTÆimK<ERb³ EdlsaZuCn

GñkRsLajRBHZm( kMBugEtGanCabnwgédenH :nekIteLIgeday

RBHraCeyablén semþcRBHmhaeXasannÞ ‘va¨-y¨av’ enAeBl

EdlxM\ú ‘Pikú¡vinyZera mhayin-en]n’ :nykKm¬Irmg<ltæTIbnI

ERbTaMgbYnPaK eTAzVaysemþc enAvtþsMeBAmas Exvisax qñaM kur

qs&k BÇsÇ 2539 KWqñaM 1995 enaH . semþcRTg:nman

RBHraCbnÞÚlza ²es[vePAmg<ltæTIbnIERb TaMg 4 PaKenH CYy

CaRbeyaCn¾ dlBuTÆbris&TEx μreyIg:neRcInNasÇÇÇ ebIGacERb

Km¬Ir visuTÆimK< TaMgbIPaK ‘1’ EdlenACaPasa:lI mkCaPasa

sMrayExμreyIg:neT[tenaH KWCakarRbesIrNas eRBaHExμreyIg

sBVézáenH mankarxVHxatk|Ünc|ab xagEpñkRBHBuTÆsasna eRcIn

Nas sUmERbniger[ber[ges[vePA visuTÆimK< TaMgbIPaK o:n

CabnþeTAeT[t edIm|ICYyEx μreyIgÇÇdz .

ehtuenH x\úMk*:nTTYlza nwgERb ehIyer[ber[geZVIes[vePA

visuTÆimK< enH o:nseRmc smtamRBHraCeyablénsemþcRBH

mhaeXasannÞ . enAkúñgqñaMkur qs&k BÇs 2539 dEdlenaH

x\Múk*:nCYbRbwkSa CamYyelaksa®sþacarüCaeRcInrUb EdlkMBugEt

beRg[nsmNnisSit enABuTÆikviTüal&y naTIRkugPñMeBj rYmman

1- Km¬Ir visuTÆimK<TaMgbIPaK manelakGñkERbBImunmkxøH> ehIyEdr bu¨Enþ

min:nERbocb´sBVRKbTaMgGseT ERbkat´ecal:lIPaKeRcIn KWERbeRCIs

erIsykEtesckþIEbbxøI> mker[ber[gEtbu¨eNÑaHÉg BMu:ncbsBVRKbeT .

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elaksa®sþacarü rs-saevnç elaksa®sþacarü Cit-Cn ehA

yin-sURt’ nig sa®sþacarü ETn-suxn CaedIm edIm|IrYmédKña

bkERbKm¬Ir bkrN¾viess eQμaHvisuTÆimK< EdlenACaPasa:lI

mkCaPasasRmayExμreyIg o:ncbsBVRKbTaMgbIPaK ehIy

k*:nsMercKñaCaÉkcä&nÞza oelaksa®sþacarü Cit-Cn TTYlERb

PaKTI1 elaksa®sþacarü rs-saevn ERbPaKTI2 ‘1’ nig o

elaksa®sþacarü ETn-suxn TTYlERbPaKTI3 ehIy:nsMerc

oxúM\CaGñkEksMrYl RtYtBinitü epÞ{gpÞat nig er[ber[g RBmTaMg

rknUvfvikaedIm|Ie:HBum¬pg . bnÞabBI:nRbwkSaKñarYceRscehIy

eyIgTaMgGsKña manesckþIrMePIbxøaMgNascMeBaHkic©karenH .

enAeBlEdlelaksa®sþacarüTaMg 3 :nbkERbmkCaPasa

Ex μreyIgxøH> ehIy k*:nbJ¢ÚnnUvsMeNA EdlsresrCaGkSréd

eTAox\úM edIm|IEksMrYlepÞ{gpÞat niger[ber[gCabeNþIr> eBlEdl

x\úM:nTTYlsMeNAenaHehIy x\úM:nykeTABinitüepÞ{gpÞat CamYy

nwgKm¬IrvisuTÆimK< CaPasa:lI EdlRBHBuTÆeXasacarü :ner[b

er[gCagmYyBanqñaM knøgmkehIyenaH edIm|IkMuomankarxusPøaMg

PøatBIPasa:lIedImenaH eday:nykcitþTukdakbMputÇÇÇ ‘EtebI

mankarPøaMgPøatedayGectna sUmelakGñkGanCYyEktRmUvpg’.

dUecñH karEdlelaksa®sþacarüTaMgenaH bkERbenH x\úMeXIj

za :nERbtamRBHéRtbidkxøH ERbepSgBIRBHéRtbidkxøH EtesckþI

nwgGtæn&yminCaxusKñaeT . luHx\úMeXIjdUecñH x\úMk*:nEksMrYlo

1-sa®sþacarüCit-CnERbtBIsa®sþacarürs-saevnBIGnusStinieTÞsdlcb´.

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

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រារាម

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er[g enAÉRbeTsshrdðGaemrikvij x\úM:nTTYlsMeNAvisuTÆimK<

PaKTI2 Edlelaksa®sþa rs-saevn ERbenaH mkcabepþImEk

sMrYl nig er[ber[g enAézác&nÞ 5 ekIt ExPRTbT qñaMc Gdðs&k

BÇsÇ 2550 RtUvnwgézáTI 28 ExsIha qñaM 2006 ehIy:ncb

sBVRKb enAézáGg<ar 3ekIt ExecRt qñaMCUt nBVs&k BÇsÇ 2551

RtUvnwgézáTI 8 Exemsa qñaM 2008 .

Km¬IrvisuTÆimK<ERb TaMgbIPaKenH EdlRk:ne:HBum¬pSayenaH

mkBIrgcaMPaK TI2 pg nig eRBaHBMuTan´manzvikaRKbRKan´pg .

kñúgkarERber[ber[genH x\úMsUmxnþIGP&yeTasGMBIsMNakRBH

etCHRBHKuN RBHezranuezr; GselakEdleqø{vqøatkñúgPasaExμr

nigPasa:lI ehIysUmemtþaGnueRKaH dlGñker[ber[gpg . xúM\

sUmTTYlnUvkarriHKnBIRKb´mCÄdðanTaMgGs´ Edl:neXIjkMhus

RtgkEnøgNanImYyenaH ehIypþl´Caeyabl edIm|InwgCYyEklMG

Km¬IrvisuTÆimK<ERb TaMgbIPaKenH o:nlÁRbesIreLIg nig edIm|I

CYyRTRTgnUvGayuCIvit énRBHBuTÆsasna rbsGg<RBHsmμasm¬úTÆ

éneyIg o:nrIkcMerIn ruger]g er[gteTAmuxeT[t . sUmGrRBH

KuN nig sUmGrKuNTukCamun .

PikÅúvinyFera mhayin-enOn

vtþEx μrsantaGaNa shrdðGaemrik

ézác&nÞ 15 ekIt Exvisax qñaMCUt sMriTÆis&k BÇsÇ 2552

RtUvnwgézáTI 19 ExósPa qñaM 2008

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RtUvtamRBHéRtbidkCaPasaExμreyIg ehIyx\úM:ndakCaelxeyag

edIm|IbJ¢akR:bKm¬Ir ‘PaK nig TMB&r’ o:nc|as nig edIm|Igay

RsYlkñúgkarRsavRCavbEnæm sMrabsmNnisSitnigGñkbtibtííþ .

x\úM:nyksMeNAvisuTÆimK<ERb PaKTI1 Edlelaksa®sþacarü

Cit-Cn :nERbehIyenaH mkEksMrYl nig er[ber[g muneKbgÁs´

enAkñúgExmaX BÇsÇ 2539 ‘12 mIna qñaM 1996’ ehIy:n cb

sBVRKb enAézác&nÞ 3 ekIt Expl<úN qñaMCUt Gdðs&k BÇsÇ

2540 RtUvnwgézáTI10 ExmIna 1997 .

bnÞabBIer[ber[gPaKTI1 cbehIyeTIbx\úMcabepþImEksMrYlepÞ{g

pÞat PaKTI3 bnþeTAeT[t Edlelaksa®sþa ETn-suxn :nERb

xøH>ehIy . CaGkusl KYrosþayxøaMgNas elaksa®sþacarü

ETn-suxn ERb:nBak´kNþalEtbu¨eNÑaH elakk*:nGnic©km μ

eTA bnSlTuknUvPar;enHoeTAelaksa®sþacarü nU-Cwm TTYlERb

bnþeTAeT[t Etelaksa®sþa nU-Cwm ERb:nEtbIbYnTMB&r k*Qb´

eTAvij eRBaHmankarrvlxøaMgeBk dUecñHPar;enH RtUvZøakmkelIx\úM

Gñker[ber[geTAvij ehIyx\úMk*:ncab´epþImERbÇÇÇ nig :ncb´sBV

RKbenAézá BuZ 8 erac Exktiþk qñaMxal sMriTÆis&k BÇsÇ 2542

RtUvnwg ézáTI11 Exvicäika qñaM 1998 . ehIy:no Pikú¡ eG]-esA

CYyvaycmøgÇÇÇ EtBMuTan´:nsMerceT x\úMRtUvEksaCazμImþgeT[t .

cMENkÉsMeNA visuTÆimK<ERb PaKTI2 vijenaH Pikú¡ mhasm-

ys vtþmaksIu enARbeTs:raMg TTYlykeTAEksMrYl nig er[b

er[g EtelakrvlxøaMgeBk k*:nRbKlmkox\úMEksMrYl nig er[b

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

esckI¶EfÂgGMNrKuN

x\MúGñker[ber[g sUmEzøgGMNrKuNd*RCaleRCA

-cMeBaHelaksa®sþacarüTaMgbYnrUb Edl:nlHbgeBlevla

d*mantémø rbselak ehIy:nRbwgERbgERbKm¬IrbkrN¾viess

eQμaHvisuTÞiÆmK<TaMg 3 PaKenH o:nseRmc smdUcesckþIbg

R:zña taMgEtBIedImer[gmk rhUtdl´TIbJ©b .

-cMeBaHPikú¡ R:C\-saran nig Pikú¡ hYt-Egt RBmTaMgshkarI

Edl:nCYyyksMeNAvisuTÆimK<ERb GMBIelaksa®sþacarü Cit-

Cn mkoxM\úedIm|IEksMrYl nig er[ber[g .

-cMeBaHPikú¡ eG]-esA Edl:nykcitþTukdakCYyvaycmøgKm¬Ir

visuTÆimK<ERb PaKTI3 nig cMeBaHRBHmha sm-ys PaK TI2 .

-cMeBaHsmNnisSit nig sa®sþacarümYycMnYneT[tCaBiess

KWelaksa®sþacarü enABuTÆikviTüal&y Guwg-ZYg vtþeBaZival TI

rYmextþ:tdMbg EdlRtUvkarKm¬IrvisuTÆimK<ERbTaMgbIPaKenH CageK

ehIyTTUccg:n nig CMrujÇÇÇ oxúM\Rbjaber[ber[g edIm|ITukCa

RbeyaCn¾dlRBHBuTÆsasnapg nig dlsmNnisSit RBmTaMg

BuTÆbris&TpgÇÇÇEdlCaehtueZVIox\M úr wgrwtEtmankmøaMgkay-citþ

xitxMEksMrYl niBitüepÞ{gpÞat nig er[ber[g edIm|Io:nsMercCa

Km¬IrvisuTÆimK<ERb TaMgbIPaKenHeLIg .

-cMeBaHRBHezranuezr; RBmTaMgBuTÆbris&T RKb´mCÄdðanTaMgGs

Edl:nCYyóbtæmÖ kñúgZmμTanenH TaMgzvika TaMgkmøaMgR:C\a nig

sμartI taMgEtBIedImmk rhUtdlKm¬IrvisuTÆimK<ERbenH cbbribUr .

óTiÞskza

x\úMsUmóTÞisRBHraCkusl EdlekItBIZmμTand*ézøzøaenH zVay

-semþcRBHmhaeXasannÞ ‘va¨-y¨av’ sUmRTgesaynUvRBH

raCmhakuslenH smtamRBHraChb\T&y .

-semþcRBHsg¹raCTaMgBIrKN; TaMgmhanikay TaMgZmμyutþ

EdlRTgesaynUvRBHTIvg<t knøgeTAehIyenaH sUmRBHGg<RTg´

esayRBHraCmhakuslenH .

sUmóTÞiskuslénZmμTananisgSenH RbeKn

-cMeBaHRBHezranuezr;RBHsg¹smNnisSitEdl:nbUCaCIvit

edIm|IRBHBuTÆsasna sMrabTukoRBHsg¹CMnan´eRkay :nykeZVI

CaKMrUd*lÁ>ÇÇÇ sUm:nTTYlbuNükuslenHkMubIxan .

-cMeBaHelaksa®sþacarü ETn-suxn Edl:nksagZm μTan

xitxMERb Km¬IrvisuTÆimK< PaKTI3 eTaHCaBMuTan´:ncb´cugcbedIm k*

eday enHCasñaédmYyd*lÁ sMrabRBHBuTÆsasnaÇÇÇ sUmelak

sa®sþacarü:nTTYlnUvkuslenH ehIy:neTAekIt kñúgsuKtiPB

smtammenarzeTAehag .

-cMeBaHGñkdwknaM BYkbJ¦vnþ GñkesñhaCati yuvCnyuvtI RbCa

BlrdðExμr RKbCan´zñakTaMgGs´ Edl:nbUCaCIvit edIm|ImatuPUmi

edayTwkcitþd*esμaHRtg sUmoviJ¦aNk¡nÆGñkTaMgenaH:nTTYlnUv

kuslenH sUm:neTAekIt kñúgTIsuxTIsYK( kMubIxaneLIy .

sUmRbeKnmK<plEdlekItGMBIZmμTanenH cMeBaHRBHetCHRBH

KuN RBHezranuezr; RBHsg¹RKbGg< Edl:nCYyóbtæmÖ kñúgkar

ពទ�ធកស

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រារាម

-q-

e:HBum¬Km¬IrvisuTÆimK<ERb TaMgbIPaKenH o:nsMercCasæaBr sUm

RBHGg<manRBHCnμayuyWnyUrCagryRBHvsSa edIm|ICamøbd*RtCak´

nig CaTIBwgBakBMnakGaRs&ydlBuTÆbris&TTaMgLayter[geTA .

sUmjatiejam CaBuTÆbris&T Gselak elakRsI elak

yay elakta kumara kumarITaMgGs Edl:nCYyóbtæmÖpgEdr

enaH :nTTYlnUvkuslEdlekItBIZmμTanenHesμI> Kña R:zñayag

Na> sUmo:nsMerc smdUcesckþIR:zña eTAehag .

sUmCUnbuNükuslenHpgEdr dlGñkdwknaMEx μr RKbCan´zñak´

RKbKN;bkSTaMgGs sUmdwknaMRbeTsCati RbkbedayeCaK

C&y edIm|IRbeyaCn¾sux dlRbCaCnEdlsg¹wmTaMgRsugeTAelI

maK(aénkardwknaMd*RtwmRtUv sucrit yutiþZm( nig samK<IPaBÇÇÇ .

ExμrsamK<IKña km¬úCa:nsux !

ExμrEbk:k´Kña km¬úCavinas !

ExμrRtUvRsLajExμr

ExμrRtUvEzrkSaTwkdIExμrÇÇÇekrBIdUntao:nKgvglÁ

PikÅúvinyFera mhayin-enOn

vtþEx μrsantaGaNa shrdðGaemrik

ézác&nÞ 15 ekIt Exvisax qñaMCUt sMriTÆis&k BÇsÇ 2552

RtUvnwgézáTI 19 ExósPa 2008

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cUrsaZuCnTaMgRbusTaMgRsI

Caer[gralézáRbéBeBkBit

GanisgS11EdlRBHRTgjaN

pSayemtþacitþeKglksuxCa

ylsbþicMELkGaRkkTaMgLay

BYkmnusSRsLajminomanP&y

TaMgBYkGmnusSmancitþRsLaj

TaMgBYkeTvtarkSadUcKña

ePøIgnigzñaMBisTaMgs®sþavuZ

citþekItsmaZisáblÁGs©arü

nwgminvegVgenAeBleT[bsøab

ebIminTan:nKuNZm(RbéB

nwg:neTAekItenAÉRBhμelak

eRBaHemtþacitþGaNitdlKña

pSayoxøÜnÉgnigmnusSTaMgLay

kMucgkmμeB[rnwgKñaeZVIGVI

GanisgSénkarpSayemtþacitþ

RbjabXμatx μIpSayemtþacitþ

o:nEnbnitüenAkñúgcinþa .

eTsnaTUnμanRbesIrGs©arü

P\akeLIgdUcKñasb|ayeBkéRk.

vinasx©atx©ayTaMgybTaMgézá

cinþazøaézørabGanrkKña .

minmancitþxñajmkCYykarBar

o:nsuxCaRbesIrézøzøa .

minGacbHmutRtUvdlkaya

TwkmuxézøzøaRsslÁRbimRbiy .

RBHBuTÆRTgR:bzamansμartI

CaRBHGriybuK<lézøzøa .

rMsayTuk¡esaksb|ayéRkNa

kMcatevraBüa:TcéRg .

o:nsb|ayer[gral´ybézá

rMltTuk¡P&yedaycitþemtþa .

Pikú¡ mhayin-en]n

ពទ�ធកស

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រារាម

GkSrseg¡b eRbIkñúgelxeyag

GPiÇ ZaÇ KÅ GPiZmμbidk Zatukza GPiÇ b KÅ GPiZmμbidk bdðan GPiÇ viÇ KÅ GPiZmμbidk viPg< GPiÇ sMÇ KÅ GPiZmμbidk sg<Ni suÇ KW sutþnþbidk GMÇ GÇ KÅ Gg<útþrnikay Gdðkni:t GMÇ ÉÇ KÅ Gg<útþrnikay Ékni:t GMÇ ÉkÇ KÅ Gg<útþrnikay ÉkaTskni:t GMÇ cÇ KÅ Gg<útþrnikay ctuk,ni:t GMÇ qÇ KÅ Gg<útþrnikay qkni:t GMÇ tiÇ KÅ Gg<útþrnikay tikni:t GMÇ TÇ KÅ Gg<útþrnikay Tskni:t GMÇ nÇ KÅ Gg<útþrnikay nvkni:t GMÇ bÇ KÅ Gg<útþrnikay bJ©kni:t GMÇ sÇ KÅ Gg<útþrnikay stþkni:t xuÇ «Ç KÅ xuTÞknikay «tivutþk; xuÇ óÇ KÅ xuTÞknikay óTan xuÇ xuÇ KÅ xuTÞknikay xuTÞk:f xuÇ cuÇ KÅ xuTÞknikay cuLnieTÞs xuÇ CaÇ ÉÇ KÅ xuTÞknikay Catk Ékni:t xuÇ CaÇ tiÇ KÅ xuTÞknikay Catk tikni:t xuÇ ZmμÇ KÅ xuTÞknikay ZmμbT xuÇ bdiÇ KÅ xuTÞknikay bdismÖiTamK< xuÇ mhaÇ KÅ xuTÞknikay mhanieTÞs xuÇ suÇ KÅ xuTÞknikay sutþni:t TIÇ :Ç KÅ TIXnikay :dikvK< TIÇ mÇ KÅ TIXnikay mhavK< TIÇ sIÇ KÅ TIXnikay sIlk¡nÆvK< mÇ óÇ KÅ mCÄimnikay óbribNÑask mÇ mÇ KÅ mCÄimnikay mCÄimbNÑask mÇ mUÇ KÅ mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask viÇ mÇ KÅ vin&ybidk mhaviPg< viÇ bÇ KÅ vin&ybidk brivar viÇ mÇ mÇ KÅ vin&ybidk mhaviPg< mhaxnÆk sMÇ xÇ KÅ sMyutþnikay xnÆvarvK< sMÇ niÇ KÅ sMyutþnikay niTanvK< sMÇ mÇ KÅ sMyutþnikay mhavK< sMÇ sKÇ KÅ sMyutþnikay sKazvK< sMÇ sÇ KÅ sMyutþnikay sLaytnvK<

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ÉksarCMnYy

1- RBHéRtbidkExμr .

2- visuTÆimK<:lI PaKTI 1-2-3 .

3- visuTÆimK<seg¡b GacarüGu)c-rs nig GacarüQwm-TUc

4- sTÞanuRkm:lI-Exμr ecjz μI qñaM 2551

5- bTanuRkmZmμbT PaK 1-2-3 .

6- GPiZanb|bTIbika mwg-ess

7- viZIERb:lI

8- mg<ltæTIbnIERb PaKTI 1-2-3-4

9- vcnanuRkmExμr PaK 1-2 semþcCYn-Nat

10- Zatub|TIbika

11- RbCMuPaNvar;:lI-ERb Biess

12� sm¬nÆmala nig ÉksarepSg> mYycMnYneT[t .

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

cUrkMuePøcxøÜnrkZm(Gaz(

sg¡arTaMgLaymineT[gTat´ ekItehIyvibtþivinassUnü

ekItcasQWsøab´Zm(TaMgbYn manenARKb´xøÜnRKb´Gatμa .

K μanstVNamYynwgec[sput luHdlkMNt´RtUvmrNa

RBat´R:sK μanslsBVsg¡ar RKb´CnCIva¨TaMgGsKña .

cUrkMuePøcxøÜnrkZm(Gaz( BwgéRtrtnacitþsTÆa

yksIl smaZi Pavna TIBwgenHCasuxsanþeGIy .

♣ ♣ ♣

PikvinyFera mhayin-enOn

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រារាម

bkrN_viesseQ μa¼visuTi§mK:ERb

PaKTI 2

GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs ‘mrNsSti’

‘141’ kñúgkal«LÚvenH karsMEdgecjnUvkiriyacMerInnUv

mrNsSti bnÞabGMBIeTvtanusStienH dlehIytamlMdab. kar

cUleTApþacbgnUvCIviti®nÞiy EdlelakrabbJ©ÚlehIy kñúgPB

mYy eQμaHzamrN; kñúgBaküza ²mrNsSti³ enaH. cMENkxag

mrN;enHNa eBalKWkiriyacUleTApþacbgnUvTuk¡ kñúgvdþ énRBH

GrhnþTaMgLay mrNsStienaH eQμaHza smuecäTmrN;ç

mrN;Na eBalKWkiriyaEbkZøaykñúgxN; énsg¡arTaMgLay

mrN;enaH eQμaHza xNikmrN;ç mrN;Na kñúgRbeyaKTaMg

Lay manRbeyaKdUecñHCaedImza ²eQIgab elah;gab³ mrN;

enaH eQμaHza smμtimrN; . mrN; 3 RbkarenaH KWRBHman

RBHPaK minRTgRBHbMNgykehIy kñúgnieTÞsenH . cMENkxag

mrN;enHNa EdlRBHd*manRBHPaK RTgRBHbMNgykehIy

mrN;enaH man 2 Rbkar KW; kalmrN; 1 GkalmrN; 1 .

bNþamrN;TaMg 2 RbkarenaH kalmrN; rEmgmaneRBaHkiriya

GsbuNüxøH eRBaHGsGayuxøH eRBaHGsbuNü nig GayuTaMg 2

xøHç GkalmrN; rEmgman edayGMNacénkmμEdlcUleTApþac´

bgnUvkmμ . k*bNþamrN;TaMg 2 enaH mrN;Na nakalkiriya

2 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

dlRBm énbc©&yCaeRK]g t nUvGayu TukCakalman rEmgman

eRBaHPav;énkmμEdljúaMgbdisnÆioekIt Cakm μmanvi:kqÁin eday

viessEtbueNÑaH mrN;enH eQμaHza mrN; eRBaHGsbuNü .

mrN;Na rEmgman edayGMNacénkiriyaGseTAénGayu man

RbmaNRtwmEtmYyryqñaM bIdUcCaGayurbsburs kñúgeBlsBV

ézáenH eRBaHkiriyaminmanénsm|tþi manKti kal nig Gahar Ca

edIm mrN;enH eQμaHza mrN;eRBaHGsGayu. cMENkmrN;

Na mandlbuK<lTaMgLay Gñkmanbc©&yCaeRK]g t ‘nUvGayu’

RtUvkm μEdlGackñúgkiriyajúaMgstVoXøatcakTI kñúgxN;enaHÉg

cUleTApþacbg dUcCamnusS:bTaMgLay manRBH:TTusImar nig

RBH:TklaBuCaedImkþI dlbuK<lTaMgLayGñkmanbc©&yCaeRK]g

t ‘nUvGayu’ cUleTApþacbg edayesckþIBüayam mankiriyaeRbI

nUveRK]gs®sþaCaedIm edayGMNacénkmμ EdlmankñúgkalmunkþI

mrN;enH eQ μaHza GkalmrN; . mrN;TaMgGsenaH KW

elakse®g<aHehIy edaykiriyacUleTApþacbgnUvCIviti®nÞiy man

RbkardUc:neBalmkehIy . esckþIrlwknUvesckþIsøab eBal

KWkiriyacUleTApþac´bg´nUvCIviti®nÞiy dUcEzøgmkenH eQ μaHza

mrNsSti .

‘viZIcMerInmrNsSti’

RBHeyaKavcrGñkmanbMNgedIm|IcMerInmrNsStienaH Kb|I

eTAkñúgTIsáat eKcecjcakGarm μN¾ smáMenA eTaHbIjúaMgmnsikar

oRbRBwtþeTA edayó:yénR:C\a za ²esckþIsøabnwgman CIviti-

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4 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

kaljúaMgmnsikar oRbRBwtþeTAyagenH eQμaHza oRbRBwtþeTA

edayó:yénR:C\a GZib|ayza oRbRBwtþeTAedayó:y . Bit

EmnehIy kalRBHeyaKavcrBYkxøH júaMgmnsikaroRbRBwtþeTA

y¨agdUecñHÉgç nIvrN;TaMgLay rEmgsábrmáabç sti Edlman

mrN;CaGarm μN¾ rEmgtaMgenARBmç km μdðan rEmgdlnUvóbcar;

EmnBit .

‘karrlwkedayGakar; 8’

Etza kmμdðan minmandlRBHeyaKavcrNa edayehtu

manRbmaNbueNÑH RBHeyaKavcrenaH Kb|Irlwker]y> nUvesckþI

søab edayGakar; 8 enH KW ;

edaykiriyaR:kddUcCaeBCÄXat 1ç

edayvibtþiénsm|tþi 1ç

edayesckþIeRb[beZ[b 1ç

edaykayCasaZarN;dlstVeRcIn 1ç

edayGayumankmøaMgexSay 1ç

edayCIvitminmaneRK]gsm<al 1ç

edaykiriyakMNtnUvkal 1ç

edayCIvitmanxN;tic 1 .

‘GZib|ayGakar; TI1’

‘142’ bNþabTTaMgenaH bTza ²vZkb|c©úbdðaneta³ man

esckþIza edaykiriyaR:kddUcCaeBCÄXat . GZib|ayza RBH

eyaKavcr Kb|Irlwker]y> za ; eBCÄXat Kitza ²Gjnwgkat

visuTÆimK< ERb 3

®nÞiy nwgdacsUnü³ dUecñHkþI ß za ²mrN;>³ dUecñHkþI . eRBaHza

kalRBHeyaKavcr júaMgmnsikaroRbRBwtþeTA edayó:yminCa

R:C\aç esckþIesakrEmgekIteLIg kñúgkiriyarlwker]y>nUvesckþI

søab énCnCaTIRsLaj dUcCaesckþIesak ekIteLIg kñúgkiriya

rlwker]y> nUvesckþIsøab énkUnCaTIRsLaj rbsmatabeg,It

y¨agdUecñaHÉgç esckþIR:emaC¢ rEmgekIteLIg kñúgkarrlwker]y>

nUvesckþIsøab énCnminCaTIRsLaj dUcCaesckþIR:emaC¢ ekIt

eLIg dlCnGñkmaneB[rTaMgLay kñúgkarrlwker]y> nUvesckþI

søab énCnGñkmaneB[rTaMgLay dUecñaHEdrç esckþIsegVK nwg

minekIteLIg kñúgkiriyarlwker]y>nUvesckþIsøab énCnCakNþal

dUcCaesckþIsegVK minekIteLIg dlCnGñkdutnUvsaksB kñúg

kiriyaeXIjnUvsaksBénexμac dUecñaHç esckþItksøút rEmgekIt

eLIg kñúgkiriyarlwker]y> nUvesckþIsøabrbsxøÜn dUcCaesckþI

tksøút ekIteLIgdlCnGñkRbkbedayCatiCaGñkxøac eRBaHeXIj

nUveBCÄXat EdlmandavgaeLIg . karekIteLIgénesckþIesak

CaedImTaMgGsenHenaH rEmgman dlbuK<lGñkEdlenAR:scak

sti segVK; nig jaN . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKavcr Kb|I

rmilemIl nUvstVEdlRtUveKsmøab nwgstVEdlsøabehIy kñúg

TIenaH> ehIyBicarNa nUvesckþIsøab rbsBYkstVEdlsøab´

ehIy mansm|tþiEdlxøÜnZøabeXIjehIy ehIyRbkbnUvsti

segVK; nig jaN ehIyjúaMgmnsikar oRbRBwtþeTA edayn&y

CaedIm za ²esckþIsøabnwgman³ dUecñH . eRBaHza RBHeyaKavcr

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visuTÆimK< ERb 5

nUvk|alénbursenH³ dUecñHehIy cabykdavmkpÞabRtg-k Qr

enAR:kd yagNamijç sUm|IesckþIsøabk*R:kdyagenaHEdr .

sYrza eRBaHehtuGIV/ . eqøIyza eRBaHesckþIsøabmkehIy CamYy

nwgCatipg eRBaHvanaMyknUvCIviteTApg . dUcCapSitk|alBsenA

RkBMu TUlykGacm¾dI puseLIg yagNamijç stVTaMgLayEtg

naMyknUvCra nig mrN; ehIyekIteLIg k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . Bit

dUecñaHEmn bdisniÆcitþ énstVTaMgLayenaH k*rEmgdlnUvesckþI

RKaMRKa kñúglMdabénkiriyaekIteLIgenaHÉg ehIyEbkZøay mYy

GenøIedayxnÆEdlRbkbRBmehIyTaMgLay dUcCadMuzμEdlrem[l

ZøakcuHmkBIelIkMBUlPñM ‘Ebk’ yagenaHEdr . xNikmrN; mk

ehIy mYyGenøIedayCatimun yagenHÉg . EtsUm|ImrN; Edl

elakbMNgykehIy kñúgmrNsStienH k*mkehIy mYyGenøI

edayCati eRBaHstVEdlekItmkehIyRtUvEtsøabEmnBit. eRBaH

ehtuenaH stVenH cab´edImGMBIkalEdlekItmkehIy k*manmux

eq¬aHeTAkanesckþIsøab eTAminRtLbmkvijeLIy sUm|IbnþicbnþÜc

eRb[b:nnwgRBHGaTitü EdlrHeLIgehIy manmuxeq¬aHeTAkan´TI

taMgenAmin:n ecHEteTA minRtLbvij GMBITIEdlxøÜneTAehIy>

sUm|IEtbnþicbnþÜc BMuenaHesat eRb[bdUcCasÞwgtUc hUrZøakcuHGMBI

PñM manExSTwkel]n naMyknUvvtæúEdlKYrnaMykeTA ecHEthUreTA

ecHEtRT:jeTAEtmüag minRtLbmkvijeLIy sUm|IEtbnþicbnÜþc

k*y¨agenaHEdr . eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbRBHGeyaXkumareBaZistV

eBalza ;

6 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

stV enAkñúgK(P Gs´raRtINamYyCadMbUg stVenaH RbRBwtþeTA dUcCaBBkEdltaMgeLIg stVenaHecH EteTAer]y> minEdlRtLb´vilvijeT ‘1’ .

mYyeT[t kalstVenaH ecHEteTA yagdUecñHç esckþIsøab´

ecHEtmkCitbeg,Iy dUcCakiriyarIgsáÜténsÞwgtUcTaMgLay Edl

RtUvkMedAézá kñúgKimØrdUvpg dUcCakarZøakcuH énEpøeQITaMgLay

EdlmanTgRbRBwtþeTAtamrsénGae: kñúgeBlRBwkpg dUcCakar

EbkZøay énPaCn;dITaMgLay EdlRtUveKvaybMEbkehIy eday

dMbgbYnRCugpg nig dUcCakarkMcatbgnUvtMNk énTwksenSImTaMg

Lay EdlRtUvrsμIRBHGaTitüBalRtUvehIypg . eRBaHehtuenaH

eTIbRBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtas´Kaza 3 CadMbUg nig RBHeBaZistV

eBalKaza TI 4 za ;

ézánigyb´ ecHEtknøgeTAç CIvitecHEtzycuH mkç Gayurbs´stVTaMgLayecHEtGs´eTA dUcCa TwksÞwgtUc ecHEtrIgsáÜteTA y¨agenaHÉg ‘2’ . EpøeQITaMgLayEdlTMuehIy EtgP&yGMBIkar RCuHcuHcakedIm GMBIRBlwm y¨agNamijç stVTaMg LayEdlekItmkehIy EtgP&yGMBIesckþIsøab´ Gs´kalCanic© k*y¨agdUecñaHHEdr . PaCn¾dIEdlnays μÚnqñaMgeZVIehIy eTaHtUckþI

1- suÇ xuÇ PaKTI 60 TMB&r 142 . 2- sMÇ sKÇ PaKTI29 TMB&r 297 .

ពទ�ធកស

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េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

mYyeT[t esckþIminmaneraKTaMgGs manBüaZiCaTIbMput

v&yTaMgGs´ manCraCaTIbMput CIvitTaMgGs´ manesckþIsøabCaTI

bMput elaksnñivasTaMgGshñwgÉg KWCatieTAtamehIy KWCra

edjtamehIy RtUvBüaZiRKbsg,tehIy RtUvmrN;kMcatbg´

ehIy . eRBaHehtudUecñaH RBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtas´ za ;

8 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

vibtþieTA:nenaH BitCaminmanesaHeLIy . BitdUecñaHEmn

sUm|IRBH:TGesak RTg´manesckþIsux RTg´RKb´ RKgsm|tþielIEpndITaMgmUl RTgcayRBHraCRTBü 100 ekadi RTg´dl´nUvPaBCaZM kñúgTIbMput énvtæú RtwmEtEpøknÞÜtéRB Bak´kNþalbu¨eNÑaHç nakal buNümkdl´kiriyaGs´ehIy edaycMNgKWrag kayenaHÉg RBHGg<RTg´manRBHP®kþeq¬aHeTArk esckþIsøab´ RTg´CYbnUvesckþIesakesA .

PñMTaMgLay EdlCazμtan´d*ZM ‘1’ mankMBUlx¬s´ Tl´nwgGakas kalebIrebIkZøak´mk k*Kb|Irem[l sg,t´ ‘nUvstVTaMgLay’ edayCMuvijRKb´TisTaMg bYn y¨agNamijç Cra nigmrN; EtgRKbsg,t´ nUvstVTaMgLay eTaHCakSRtkþI RBahμN¾kþI Gñk CMnYjkþI Gñk®KYkþI eTaHCamnusScNÐal nig Gñk ecalsMramkþI EtgjaMjITaMgGs´ minmanelIk ElgstVNanImYyesaHeLIy k*y¨agdUecñaHÉg .

1– sMÇ sKÇ PaKTI 29 TMB&rTI 297 .

mrN;mkehIyCamYynwgCati dUcCaeBCÄXat mandavga

eLIgehIy yagenH . mYyeT[t mrN;enHenaH ecHEtnaMyknUv

CIviteTAEtmüag luHnaMykeTAehIy k*minnaMykmkvijeLIy dUc

CaeBCÄXatenaH naMykdav‘dak’Rtg-k dUecñaHÉg . eRBaHehtu

enaH esckþIsøab eQμaHzaCaZmμCatR:kdEmnBit dUceBCÄXat

EdlmandavgaeLIgehIy eRBaHmrN;mkehIy CamYynwgCatipg

eRBaHnaMyknUvCIviteTACamYypg dUecñHÉg . RBHeyaKavcr Kb|I

rlwkesckþIsøaber]y> edaykiriyaR:kddUcCaeBCÄXat yag

dUecñHÉg .

‘GZib|ayGakar; TI2’

‘143’ bTza ²sm|tiþvibtþieta³ GZib|ayza ; drabNa

vibtþi minRKbsg,tnUvsm|tþienaH drabenaH eQμaHzasm|tþi kñúg

elakenH EtgenAlÁsÁat . Etza eQμaHzasm|tþi EdlknøgnUv

ZMkþI qÁinkþI eqAkþI suTÆEtmankarEbkZøayeTACaTI bMputTaMgGs´ yagNamijç CIvit rbs´stVTaMg Lay k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr ‘1’ . TwksenSIm elIcugesμA EtgRCuHZøak´ eRBaH kiriyarHeLIg énRBHGaTitü y¨agNamijç Gayu rbs´mnusSTaMgLay k*y¨agenaHEdrç bBiRtEm¨ sUmEm¨kMuhamXat´x\úMeLIy .

visuTÆimK< ERb 7

1– suÇ TIÇ mÇ PaKTI 16 TMB&rTI 256 .

ពទ�ធកស

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រារាម

vibtþiKWmrN; CaTIbMputénsm|tþiKWCIvit dUceBalmkenH .

RBHeyaKavcr kalkMNtPav;énCIvit manesckþIsøab CaTIbMput

enaH Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøaber]y> edayvibtþicaksm|tþi .

‘GZib|ayGakar; TI3’

‘144’ bTza ²óbsMhrNeta³ KWedaykareRb[beZ[b

xøÜnCamYynwgBYkCndéT . kñúger]genaH RBHeyaKavcr Kb|Irlwk

esckþIsøaber]y> edaykareRb[beZ[b edayGakar; 7 KW ;

ysmhtþeta edayPaBCaGñkmanysZMç

buJ¦mhtþeta edayPaBCaGñkmanbuNüeRcInç

zammhtþeta edayPaBCaGñkmankmøaMgeRcInç

«TÆimhtþeta edayPaBCaGñkmanb\TÆieRcInç

bJ¦amhtþeta edayPaBCaGñkmanbJ¦aeRcInç

bec©kBuTÆeta edayPaBCaRBHbec©kBuTÆç

smμasm¬úTÆmhtþeta edayPaBCaRBHsmμasm¬úTÆç

‘ysmhtþeta’

sYrza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab edayPaB

kñúgCra nig mrN;enaH PUmiénBldMrI minman PUmi énBlrzminman PUmiénBlez μIreCIg minmanç mYy eT[t «tmanGñkNamYy GacykQñH ‘nUvCra nig mrN;enaH’ edays®g<am edayGaz(kM:Mg ß edayRTBü:neLIy .

visuTÆimK< ERb 9 10 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

CaGñkmanysZM’ yagdUcemþc/ .

eqøIyza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab edayPaB

CaGñkmanysZM yagenHCamunza; esckþIsøabenH minmanesckþI

sgS&yeLIy ZøakcuHelIRBHraCaTaMgLay cabepþImGMBIesþcRTg´

RBHnammhasmμt; esþcRTgRBHnammnÆatu esþcRTgRBHnammha

suTsSn; esþcRTgRBHnamTL$enmi GñkmanysZMmanbrivareRcIn

manRTBü nig manBahn;eRcIn caM:ceBaleTAzVI esckþIsøabnwg

minZøakmkelIxøÜnGj .

GñkmanysZMTaMgLay manesþcRTg´RBHnam mhasm μt;CaedIm CaesþcRbesIr Gm|al y¨agesþcTaMgenaH Kg´dl´ehIynUvGMNac énmc©ú caM:c´eBaleTAzVII kñúgbuK<lTaMgLay R:kddUcCa Gj dUecñH .

‘buJ¦mhtþeta’

sYrza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab edayPaB

CaGñkmanbuNüeRcIn yagdUcemþc/ .

eqøIyza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab edayPaB

CaGñkmanbuNüeRcIn yagdUecñH za ;

esdðITaMgLayenH KW esdðIeQμaHeCatiy; eQμaH Cdil; eQ μaHóK<; eQμaHemNÐk; BMuenaHesat esdðIeQμaHbuNÑ; nig CnTaMgLayÉeT[t Edl

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visuTÆimK< ERb 11

suTÆEtl|I> za CaGñkmanbuNüd*eRcIn kñúgelak GñkTaMgGs´enaH suTÆEtdl´ehIy nUvesckþIsøab´ caM:c´eBaleTAzVI kñúgbuK<lTaMgLay R:kddUcCa Gj dUecñH .

‘zammhtþeta’

sYrza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab edayPaB

CaGñkmankmøaMgeRcIn yagdUcemþc/ .

eqøIyza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab edayPaB

CaGñkmankmøaMgeRcIn yagdUecñH za ;

RBHvasueTB RBHBleTB RBHPImesn; RBH yudðil; sUm|Ihnur; GñkcM:b´ZM> dl´ehIy nUv GMNacénesckþIsøab´ GñkTaMgenaHÉgEdlsuTÆEt CaGñkl|I> dl´ehIynUvPaBCaGñkmankmøaMg kñúg elak y¨agenH dl´ehIynUvesckþIsøab´ caM:c´ eBaleTAzVI kñúgbuK<lR:kddUcGj dUecñH .

‘«TÆimhtþeta’

sYrza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab edayPaB

CaGñkmanb\TÆieRcIn yagdUcemþc/ .

eqøIyza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab edayPaB

CaGñkmanb\TÆieRcIn yagdUecñH za ;

12 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

RBHGK<sav&k TI2 Na CaGñkRbesIrCagbuK<lGñk manb\TÆiTaMgLay kaljúaMgevCynþR:saTmino keRmIk edayRtwmEtcugemeCIg RBHGK<sav&k TI 2 enaH KgcUleTAkan´mat´énmc©ú EdlKYroRBWxøac mYyGenøIedayGñkmanb\TÆiTaMgLay dUcCaRmwKcUl eTAkan´mat´énsIh; caM:c´eBaleTAzVI kñúgbuK<l TaMgLayR:kddUcCaGj dUecñH .

‘bJ¦amhtþeta’

sYrza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab edayPaB

CaGñkmanR:C\aeRcIn yagdUcemþc/ .

eqøIyza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab edayPaB

CaGñkmanR:C\aeRcIn yagdUecñH za ;

elIkElgEtRBHelaknazecj stVTaMgLayNa déTeT[t EdlmanstVTaMgLayenaH mindl´ nUvcMNit TI16 EdleKEckehIy Gs´fan; 16 dg énbJ¦arbs´RBHsarIbuRtç RBHGK<sav&k TI1 eQμaHza CaGñkmanbJ¦aeRcIn y¨agenH dl´ehIy nUvGMNacénesckþIsøab´ caM:ceBaleTAzVI kñúg buK<lTaMgLayR:kddUcCaGj dUecñH .

‘bec©kBuTÆeta’

sYrza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab edayPaB

ពទ�ធកស

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រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 13

CaRBHbec©kBuTÆ yagdUcemþc/ .

eqøIyza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab edayPaB

CaRBHbec©kBuTÆ yagdUecñH za ; sUm|IBuTÆbuK<lTaMgLayenaHNa

eZVInUvkiriyajaMjIsRtUv KWkielsTaMgBYg edayBl;KWjaN nig

vIriy; rbsxøÜn :ndlnUvbec©ksem¬aZi CaRBHsymÖÚ dUcCakuy

rmasç sUm|IBuTÆbuK<lTaMgenaH k*minrYcputehIyGMBIesckþIsøab´

cuHeyIgnwgrYcputGMBITINa:n .

RBHmehsITaMgLayÉNa GaRs&ynUvnimitþenaH> BicarNa dl´ehIynUvkiriyaGs´eTA énGasav; edayetCHénjaNCaRBHsymÖÚ eRb[bdUcCakuy rmas eRBaHkiriyaRtac´eTAnigenAEtmñak´Égç sUm|I RBHmehsITaMgLayenaH k*knøgnUvmc©úBMu:neLIy caM:c´eBaleTAzVI kñúgbuK<lTaMgLay R:kddUcCa Gj dUecñH .

‘sm μasm¬úTÆeta’ sYrza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab edayPaB

CaRBHsmμasm¬úTÆ yagdUcemþc/ .

eqøIyza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab edayPaB

CaRBHsmμasm¬úTÆ yagdUecñHza ; sUm|IRBHmanRBHPaKenaHNa man

RBHrUbkayviciRt edaymhaburislk¡N; 32 Rbkar RbdabehIy

edayGnuBüJ¢n; 80 manRBHZmμkaysMercehIy edayKuNrtn;

14 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

mansIlk¡nÆd*brisuTÆsÁat edayGakar;TaMgBYgCaedIm dlehIy

nUveRtIy énPaBCaGñkmanysZM PaBCaGñkmanbuNüeRcIn PaB

CaGñkmankmøaMgeRcIn PaBCaGñkmanb\TÆieRcIn nig PaBCaGñkman

bJ¦aeRcIn minmanbuK<lesμI esμIedaybuK<lminmanbuK<lesμI min

manbuK<leRb[b manbuK<leRb[bminman CaRBHGrhnþ Rtasdwg

edayRbéBç sUm|IRBHmanRBHPaKGg<enaH RTgsábrmáabehIy

edayfan; edaykiriyaZøakcuHéntMNkTwkePø{g KWmrN; eRb[b

dUcCaKMnrePøIgd*ZM rltedaykiriyaZøakcuHénRKabePø{gKWTwk .

ZmμtaesckþIsøab´enaHNa pSayGMNacmkdl´ RBHmehsI GñkmanGanuPaBeRcIn y¨agenH eday minmanesckþIxøac edayminmanesckþIx μas eLIy esckþIsøab´enHenaH EdlminmanesckþI xμas minmanekatjejIt jaMjInUvstVTaMgGs´ nwgminmkRKbsg,t´nUvstV R:kddUcCaGj dUc emþc:n dUecñH .

kalRBHeyaKavcrenaH eRb[beZ[bxøÜn mYyGenøIedayCn

TaMgLaydéT EdlbribUredayPaBCaZM manPaBCaGñkmanysZM

CaedIm edayPaBCaGñkmanmrN;esμIKña dUecñHeehIy rlwker]y>

za ²esckþIsøab nwgmandlGjEdr dUcmandlBYkstVviess

TaMgLayenaH³ dUecñHehIy kmμdðan nwgdlóbcar;Bit . RBH

eyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab edaykareRb[beZ[byagenH .

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16 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

kiriyaZøakcuH énóbRTBüTaMgLayenaHEmnBit .

eRBaHehtuenaH :nCaRBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtas´ za ²mñal

Pikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡ kñúgsasnaenH kalebIézáknøgeTAehIy yb

mkdlvij EtgBicarNadUecñHza; ehtuénesckþIsøab rbsGatμa

Gj maneRcInNasetI ‘dUcCa’ BscwkGatμaGjkþI xÞÜyTicGat μa

GjkþI EkÁbxaMGatμaGjkþI GatμaGjnwgsøab GnþrayenaH nwgman

dlGatμaGj eRBaHehtuEtBscwkCaedImenaH GatμaGjPøatdYlkþI

PtþEdlGatμaGjbriePaKehIyhlkþI RbmatrbsGatμaGjkMerIk

kþI esøs μrbsGatμaGjkeRmIkkþI kgxüldUcs®sþavuZ rbsGatμa

Gj keRmIkkþI BYkmnusS BüayamsmøabGatμaGjkþI BYkGmnusS

BüayamsmøabGatμaGjkþI GatμaGjnwgsøab GnþrayenaH nwg

mandlGatμaGj eRBaHehtuEtPøatdYlCaedImenaH ‘1’ ³ . RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøaber]y> edaykayCa

TUeTA dlstVnigbc©&y énesckþIsøabeRcInRbkar yagdUecñHÉg .

‘GZib|ayGakar; TI5’

‘146’ bTza ²GayuTuBVleta³ esckþIza ZmμtaGayunu@H

minmankMLaMg mankMLaMgexSay . BitdUecñaHEmn CIvit rbs´stV

TaMgLay CabTakTgedayxüldkdegØImcUlecj 1 CabTakTg

eday«riyabz 1 CabTakTg edayRtCakekþA 1 CabTakTg

edaymhaPUtrUb 1 CabTakTgedayGahar 1 .

CIvitenHenaH kal:nnUvPaBRbRBwtþieTAesμI énxüldkdegØIm

1– suÇ GMÇ GÇ PaKTI 48 TMB&rTI 317 .

visuTÆimK< ERb 15

‘GZib|ayGakar; TI4’

‘145’ bTza ²kayBhusaZarNeta³ esckþIza TUeTA

dlstVeRcIn KWTUeTAdlhVÚvdg,ÚvTaMgLay 80 BYk edayBit .

bNþahVÚgdg,ÚvTaMgenaH dg,ÚvEdlGaRs&ynUvEs|ksm|úrézá EtgsIu

nUvEs|ksm|úrézá EdlGaRs&ynUvEs|k EtgTMBasIunUvEs|k

EdlGaRs&ynUvsac EtgTMBasIunUvsac EdlGaRs&ynUvsrés

EtgTMBasIunUvsrés EdlGaRs&ynUvqÁwg EtgTMBasIunUvqwÁg

EdlGaRs&yxYrkñúgqÁwg EtgTMBasIunUvxYrkñúgqÁwg vaekIt cas søab´

benÞabgóc©ar; nig bsSav; dakkñúgsrIrRbeTsenaHÉg . k*rag

kay CapÞHsMrabekIt Cam®nÞIreBTü CasaksB CaéRBsμsan Ca

bg<n´ nig CasñÚksMrabbenÞabgbsSav; énhÚVgdg,ÚvTaMgLayenaH

ragkayenHenaH rEmgdl´nUvesckþIsøab edaykiriyakMerIk énhVÚg

dg,ÚvTaMgLayenaHÉg .

mYyeT[t kayenH CaTUeTAdlhVÚgdg,ÚvTaMgLay 80 hVÚg

y¨agNamijç ‘kayenH’ k*CaTUeTAdlbc©&yTaMgLay énesckþI

søab EdlRbRBwtþeTABÆd*xagkñúghñwgÉg :ndleraKeRcInryCMBUk

EdlmankñúgxageRkA KWstVmanBisTaMgLay manBs nig xÞÜy

CaedIm k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . eRb[bdUcCaeRK]gRbharTaMgLay man

kUnsr lMEBg p<ak nig dMuzμCaedIm EdlmkehIyGMBITisTaMgBYg

rEmgZøakcuH kñúgvgCaeRK]gkMNtEdleKtm,l´TukehIy elIpøÚvZM

EbkCabYn yagNaç óbRTBTaMgBYgTaMgLay k*ZøakcuHelIkay

k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . kayenHenaH rEmgdlnUvesckþIsøab eday

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visuTÆimK< ERb 17

cUl nig xüldkdegIØmecjhñwgÉg eTIbRbRBwtþeTA:n . k*bu¨Enþ

kalebIxülkñúgRcmuH EdlecjeTAxageRkAehIy mincUlmkxag

kñúgvijkþI kalebIxülEdlcUleTAehIy minecjmkvijkþI buK<l

eQμaHza søabehIy .

mYyeT[t CIvitenH kal:nnUvPaBénkiriyaRbRBwtþieTAes μI

én«riyabzTaMgLaybYnhñwgÉg eTIbRbRBwtþeTA:n buEnþeRBaHPav;

én«riyabzNamYy> ‘RbRBwtþeTA’ hYsRbmaN Gayusg¡ar eTIb

dacsUnü .

mYyeT[t CIvitenH kal:nnUvPaBénkiriyaRbRBwtþieTAes μI

énRtCak nig ekþATaMgLayhñwgÉg eTIbRbRBwtþeTA:n bu¨Enþkal

ebIbuK<lRtUvRtCakéRkeBkkþI ekþAéRkeBkkþI RKbsg,tehIy rEmg

vinas .

mYyeT[t CIvitenH kal:nnUvPaBénkiriyaRbRBwtþieTAes μI

énmhaPUtrUbTaMgLayhñwgÉg eTIbRbRBwtþeTA:n bu¨EnþeRBaHbNþa

bfvIZatu ß bNþaZatuTaMgLay manGae:ZatuCaedIm ZatuNa

mYykeRmIk buK<lsUm|IbribUrehIyedaykMLaMg k*CaGñkmankay

rwgRkjgxøH mankayrlYysÁúyesAhμg edayGMNacéneraK

maneraKZøakQamCaedImxøH manesckþIekþARkhayd*ZMRKbsg,txøH

CaGñkmantMN nig cMNgdacxøH rEmgdlnUvkarGs´eTAénCIvit .

mYyvijeT[t kalebIbuK<l :nnUvkvLig,arahar kñúgkal

d*smKYrbu¨eNÑaH CIvit eTIbRbRBwtþeTA:n bu¨EnþkalebImin:nnUv

Gahar vak*dlnUvkiriyaGseTAEtmþg yagenHÉg .

18 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøaber]y> edayGayu

mankMLaMgexSay dUc:ner[brabmkenHÉg .

‘GZib|ayGakar; TI6’

‘147’ bTza ²Gnimitþeta³ KW edayminmankMNt esckþI

za edayminmanénkarkMNt . EmnBit

Zm(TaMgLay 5 enH KW CIvit 1 BüaZi 1 kal 1 kEnøgsMrab´dak´cuHnUvragkay 1 Kti 1 rbs´ stVTaMgLay kñúgCIvelak minmannimitþ KWGñk NamYy k*dwgmin:nEdr . bNþaZm(TaMgLay 5 enaH eQμaHza CIvit minmannimitþ

eRBaHminmankarkMNtza ²stVKb|IrsenA GskalmanRbmaN

bu¨eNÑHÉg minKb|IrsenA xagmuxbnÞabGMBIenHeT³ dUecñHCaedIm .

d|itza stVTaMgLay søabkñúgkalEdlxøÜnenACakll;k*man

kñúgkalenACaGm¬úT; Caebsi CaXn; enAkñúgKP(:n 1 Ex :n 2

Ex :n 3 Ex :n 4 Ex :n 5 Ex nig :n 10 Ex k*man kñúg

sm&yEdlecjcaképÞk*man bnÞabBIenaHmk søabxagkñúg 100

qñaMk*man xageRkA ‘elIsGMBI’ 100 qñaM k*mandUcKñaEdr .

ÉBüaZi eQμaHza minmannimitþ eRBaHminmankiriyakMNtza

²stVTaMgLay søabedayBüaZienHEtbu¨eNÑaH minsøabedayBüaZi

déTeT[teT³ . eRBaHza stVTaMgLay søabedayeraKkñúgEPñk k*

man edayeraKNamYy kñúgcMeNameraKTaMgLay maneraKkñúg

Rtec[kCaedImk*man .

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20 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

‘148’ bTza ²GTÆanbriecäTeta³ esckþIza Zm μtakal én

CIvit rbsmnusSTaMgLay kñúgeBl«LÚvenH manRbmaNticç

mnusSNa rsenAGskald*yUr mnusSenaH rsenARtwmEt 100

qñaM rsenACag 100 qñaMenH k*manxøHEdr EtticeT . eRBaHehtu

enaH :nCaRBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtasza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Gayu

rbs´mnusSTaMgLayenH ticNas stVEdlRtUveTAkanbrelak

KYreZVIkusl KYrRbRBwtþRBh μcriyZm( stVEdlekItmkehIy

eQμaHza minsøabminmaneLIyç mñalPikú¡TaMgLay mnusSNa

rs´enA Gskald*yUr mnusSenaH rsenA :nRtwmEt 100 qñaM ß

zycuHmkk*man elIsCagbnþick*man ‘1’ ³ eRBaHehtudUecñH

‘niKmKaza’

Gayu rbs´mnusSTaMgLay mantic sb|úrsKYr ex¬ImeqÁImGayuenaH buK<lKYrxMRbRBwtþ ‘sucrit’ dUc buK<lEdlePøIgkMBugeqHk|al ‘eRBaH’ dMeNIrmin mk énesckþIsøab´ minmaneT dUecñH .

RBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtas´eT[tza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay er]g

ZøabmanmkehIy manRKU eQμaHGrk;³ dUecñHCaedIm .

RBHsURtEdlRbdabedayóbma 7 Rbkar TaMgBYg bNÐit

Kb|I ‘naMykmkBN(na’ o:nBisþar .

RBHGg< RTgRtasRBHsURtdéTeT[t za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay

r

1– suÇ sMÇ sKÇ PaKTI 29 TMB&rTI 295 .

visuTÆimK< ERb 19

sUm|Ikal k*eQμaHzaminmannimitþ eRBaHminmankarkMNt

y¨agenHza ; stVKb|Isøab kñúgkalenHÉg minsøabkñúgkaldéT

eLIy . eRBaHza stVTaMgLay søabkñúgeBlRBwkk*man søab

kñúgeBlNamYy kñúgcMeNameBlézáRtgCaedImk*man .

ÉkardakcuHnUvragkay k*eQμaHza minmannimitþ eRBaHmin

mankarkMNt yagenHza; ²kalstVTaMgLaysøabeTA ragkay

Kb|IZøakcuH kñúgTIenHEtbu¨eNÑaH minZøakcuHeTA kñúgTIdéTeLIy³ .

d|itza GtþPaB rbsbuK<lTaMgLay EdlekItehIy xagkñúgpÞH

ZøakcuH xageRkApÞHk*man GtþPaB rbsbuK<lTaMgLay EdlekIt

ehIy xageRkApÞH EtgZøakcuHeTA xagkñúgpÞHk*man . edayn&y

dUcKñaenaHEdr bNÐit Kb|I ‘BN(na’ o:nBisþar edayRbkarCa

eRcIn dUecñHCaedImza ; GtþPaB rbsstVTaMgLayEdlekItehIy

elIeKak ZøakcuHkñúgTwkk*man ßza GtþPaB rbsstVTaMgLay

EdlekItehIykñúgTwk ZøakcuH elIeKakk*man .

ÉKti k*eQμaHza minmannimitþ eRBaHminmankarkMNt yag

enHza ; stVEdlcüútcakKtienH Kb|IekItkñúgKtienH . eRBaHza

stVTaMgLay EdlcüútcakeTvelak ekItkñúgmnusSelakk*man

EdlcüútcakmnusSelak ekItkñúgelakNamYy kñúgcMeNam

elakTaMgLaymaneTvelakCaedImk*man eRBaHehtuenHyagdUecñH

elakEtgvilvleTA kñúgKti 5 dUcCaeKaEdleKTwmehIy kñúg

ynþ edIrvilvldUecñaHÉg . RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´

er]y> edayCIvitminmannimitþ yagenHÉg .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 21

Pikú¡Na cMerInmrNsSti edayesckþIRtiHriH yagenH za ; eZVIdUc

emþchñ@ oGatμaGj Kb|IrsenA Gsybnigézá GatμaGj Kb|IeZVI

TukkñúgcitþnUvBaküeRb[nRbedA rbsRBHmanRBHPaK GatμaGj Kb|I

eZVIkic©kar o:neRcIn dUecñHkIþç mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡Na cMerIn

mrNsSti edayesckþIRtiHriH yagenHza ; eZVIdUcemþchñ@ oGatμa

Gj Kb|Irs´enA Gs 1 ézá GatμaGj Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvBakü

eRb[nRbedA rbs´RBHmanRBHPaK GatμaGj Kb|IeZVIkic©karo:n

eRcIn dUecñHkþIç Pikú¡Na cMerInmrNsSti edayesckþIRtiHriH yag

enH za ; eZVIdUcemþchñ@ oGatμaGj Kb|Irs´enA Rtwmqan´cgØan´

biNÐ:tmþg GatμaGj Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþnUvBaküeRb[nRbedA rbs

RBHmanRBHPaK GatμaGj Kb|IeZVIkic©karo:neRcIn dUecñHkþIç Pikú¡

Na cMerInmrNsSti edayesckþIRtiHriH yagenHza ; eZVIdUcemþc

hñ@ oGatμaGj Kb|IrsenA RtwmxN;TMBaBMnUt:y 4 ß 5

BMnUt elbcUleTA GatμaGj Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþnUvBaküeRb[nRbedA

rbs´RBHmanRBHPaK GatμaGj Kb|IeZVIkic©karo:neRcIn dUecñHkþIç

mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡Gm|alenH ehAza manesckþIRbmaTenA

eLIy cMerInmrNsSti edIm|IeZVIoGseTAénGasv;TaMgLay yÅt

yUreT dUecñHkþIç mñalPikú¡TaMgLay cMENkPikú¡Na cMerInmrNsSti

edayesckþIRtiHriH yagenHza ; eZVIdUcemþchñ@ oGatμaGj Kb|I

rs´enA RtwmxN;TMBaBMnUt:y 1 BMnUt elbcUleTA GatμaGj

Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvBaküeRb[nRbedA rbs´RBHmanRBHPaK Gatμa

Gj Kb|IeZVIkic©karo:neRcIn dUecñHkþIç mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡Na

22 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

cMerInmrNsSti edayesckþIRtiHriH yagenH za ; eZVIdUcemþchñ@

oGatμaGj Kb|IrsenA RtwmxN;EdldkdegØImcUl ehIyecj

ß dkdegØImecj ehIycUl GatμaGj Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþnUvBakü

eRb[nRbedA rbs´RBHmanRBHPaK GatμaGj Kb|IeZVIkic©karo:n

eRcIn dUecñHkþIç mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡Gm|alenH ehAza minman

esckþIRbmaTenA cMerInmrNsSti edIm|IoGseTAénGasv;TaMg

Lay yagqan´rh&s ‘1’ ³ dUecñHÉg . kalénCIvit ticNas KWbuK<lminKYrTukcitþ RtwmEtkiriya

TMBasIunUvBMnUt:y 4 ß 5 BMnUt yagdUecñHÉg .

RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøaber]y> edayCIvit

mankalkMNt yagenHÉg .

‘GZib|ayGakar; TI8’

‘149’ bTza ²xNbritþeta³ esckþIza ebItambrmtæ

xN;énCIvit rbsstVTaMgLay ticeBkNas RtwmEtkarRbRBwtþi

eTAéncitþEtmYybu¨eNÑaHÉg . eRb[bdUcCakgrz sUm|IkMBugRbRBwtþ

eTA EtgRbRBwtþeTA edayRbeTs énxñgkgEtm¡agbu¨eNÑaH sUm|I

kMBugfitenA k*rEmgfitenA edayRbeTsénxñgkgm¡agbu¨eNÑaHEdr

y¨agNamijç CIvit rbsstVTaMgLay RbkbedayxN; éncitþ

EtmYy k*yagdUecñaHEdr kalebIcitþenaHrltehIy stV eKsn μt

oeQμaHza rltehIy . smdUcCaRBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtasza

²kñúgxN; éncitþCaGtIt; stV eQμaHza rsenAehIy minrsenA

1– suÇ GMÇ GÇ PaKTI 48 TMB&rTI 314 .

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24 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

ZmμCatKYrsegVKpg QanenH CaQanmindlnUvGb|na dlRtwm

Etóbc©ar;bu¨eNÑaH. cMENkelakutþrCÄan nig Garub|CÄan TI2 nig

TI4 dlGb|na sUm|IkñúgsPavZm(eRBaHCaPavnaBiess. EmnBit

elakutþrCÄan dlnUvGb|na edayGMNaclMdabénvisuTÆiPavna .

Garub|CÄan dlGb|na edayGMNacPavnaEdlknøgnUvGarmμN¾.

eRBaHza kñúgGarub|CÄanenaH manRtwmEtkiriyaknøgnUvGarmμN¾ én

Qan EdldlehIynUvGb|nabu¨eNÑaH . bu¨EnþkñúgmrNsStienH

‘visuTÆiPavnanuk,m; nig GarmμNsmtik,m;’ TaMgBIrenaHÉg minman

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbCaQan dlRtwmEtóbc©ar;bu¨eNÑaH . Qan

enHenaH dlnUvkarrabza mrNsSti EmnBit eRBaHPav;énQan

enaH CaZmμCatekIteLIgedaykMLaMgénkarrlwkdlesckþIsøab .

‘GanisgSénkarcMerInmrNsSti’

k*Pikú¡EdlRbkber]y> nUvmrNsStienH CaGñkminRbmaT

CabCanic© :nnUvGnPirtisJ¦a kñúgPBTaMgBYg lHbgnUvesckþI

GaeLaHGal&y kñúgCIvit CaGñktiHed[l:b CaGñkmineRcIn eday

karsnSM CaGñkmanmnÞil KWesckþIkMNaj kñúgbrik¡arTaMgLay

eTAR:sehIy . sUm|IGnic©sJ¦a k*dlnUvkarsÞatCMnaj sMrab

Pikú¡enaH . mYyeT[t Tuk¡sJ¦a nig GntþsJ¦a rEmgR:kd ‘dl´

Pikú¡enaH’ tamlMGanénGnic©sJ¦aenaHÉg . stVTaMgLay Edl

min:nGbrMGMBIesckþIsøab kñúgevlaCitsøab rEmgdlnUvesckþI

xøac esckþItksøút esckþIvegVg dUcmnusSEdlRtUvRmwKkac yk¡

Bs ecar nig eBCÄXat RKbsg,tehIy Pøam> yagNamijç

visuTÆimK< ERb 23

nwgminrsenA kñúgxN; éncitþCaGnaKt stV minrs´enAehIy

minkMBugrs´enA ‘Et’ eQμaHzanwgrsenA kñúgxN;éncitþCabc©úb|nñ

stV minrsenAehIy ‘Et’ eQμaHza kMBugrsenA nwgminrsenA

CIvit GtþPaB sux nig Tuk¡ TaMgGs´ Rbkbeday xN;citþEtmYy eRBaHxN;RbRBwtþrh&sç xnÆTaMg LayNa rbs´buK<lEdlsøab´eTAkþI rs´enAkþI rlt´ehIy kñúgelakenH xnÆTaMgGs´enaH k*dUc Kña eTAbdisnÆieT[tmin:nç stVelak minEmn ekItehIy edayxnÆCaGnaKt EdlminTan´ekIt ehIy minEmnrs´enA kñúgbc©úb|nñeT stVelak søab´ edaykarEbkZøayéncitþ ‘enHKW’ CabJ¦tþi Rbkbedaybrmtæ ‘1’ ³ dUecñH . RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøaber]y> edayCIvit

manxN;tictYc yagdUecñHÉg .

‘mrNsStiCÄan’

kalebIRBHeyaKavcr sUm|Irlwker]y> edayGakar;Na

mYy kñúgcMeNamGakar;TaMg 8 enH y¨agdUecñH citþ rEmg:nnUv

Gaesvn; ‘karesB’ edayGMNacénkareZVITukkñúgcitþer]y> sti

EdlmanesckþIsøabCaGarmμN¾ rEmgtaMgenAmaM nIvrNZm(TaMg

Lay rEmgsábrmáab Gg<QanTaMgLayrEmgekItR:kd . bu¨Enþ

eRBaHGarmμN¾ ‘rbsQanenH’ CasPavZm(pg eRBaHGarmμN¾Ca

1– suÇ xuÇ mhaÇ PaKTI 64 TMB&rTI 78 .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 25

Pikú¡enaH mindlzñaky¨agenHeT CaGñkminP&y CaGñkminvegVg eZVI

mrNkal. RbsinebIPikú¡enaH mineRtkGrnUvRBHniBVan kñúgbc©úb|nñ

hñwgeT luHEbkZøayragkaysøabeTACaGñkmansuKtienAxagmux .

enHCakzamux edayBisþar kñúgmrNsSti .

eRBaHehtuenaHÉg buK<lGñkmanR:C\alÁ Kb|IeZVI nUvesckþIminRbmaT kñúgmrNsSti Edlman GanuPaBeRcIn y¨agenH sBV> kal .

‘kayKtasti’

‘150’ kñúgkal«LÚvenH kayKtastikmμdðanenaHNa min

ZøabRbRBwtþeTAehIy ev[rcakBuTÆúb|aT minEmnCavis&yénBYktiræIy¾

TaMgBYg EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtassresIrehIy kñúgRBHsURt

TaMgLayenaH> edayGakar;eRcInCaGenk yagenH za ²mñalPikú¡

TaMgLay ‘1’ Zm(mYyyag EdlbuK<l:ncMerInehIy :neZVIo

er]y>ehIy EtgRbRBwtþeTA edIm|IesckþIsegVKeRcIn EtgRbRBwtþ

eTA edIm|IesckþIcMerIneRcIn EtgRbRBwtþeTA edIm|IesckþIekSmcak

eyaK;eRcIn EtgRbRBwtþeTA edIm|Isti nig sm|CJ¦;eRcIn Etg

RbRBwtþeTA edIm|I:ncMeBaHnUvjaNTsSn; EtgRbRBwtþeTA edIm|I

enACasuxkñúgbc©úb|nñ EtgRbRBwtþeTA edIm|IeZVIoCakc|as´ nUvviC¢a

‘bJ¦ad*sm|yutþedaymK<’ vimutþi ‘sm|yutþZm( EdlekItrltCa

1– suÇ GMÇ ÉkÇ PaKTI 40 TMB&rTI 95 .

26 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

mYyKñaedaymK<b|J¦aenaH’ nig pl ‘Grhtþpl’ . Zm(mYyyag

KWGVI/ KWkayKtasti . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay BYkPikú¡Na briePaK

nUvkayKtasti BYkPikú¡enaH eQμaHza briePaKnUvRBHniBVanç mñal

Pikú¡TaMgLay BYkPikú¡Na minbriePaKnUvkayKtasti BYkPikú¡enaH

eQμaHza minbriePaKnUvRBHniBVanç mñalPikú¡TaMgLay kayKtasti

EdlBYkPikú¡NabriePaKehIy RBHniBVan k*eQμaHza BYkPikú¡TaMgenaH

briePaKEdrç kayKtasti EdlBYkPikú¡Na minbriePaKehIy RBH

niBVan k*eQμaHza BYkPikú¡TaMgenaH minbriePaKEdrç kayKtasti

rbs´BYkPikú¡Na sabsUnüehIy RBHniBVan rbsBYkPikú¡TaMgenaH

k*eQμaHza sabsUnüEdrç kayKtasti rbs´BYkPikú¡Na minsab

sUnüehIy RBHniBVan rbsBYkPikú¡TaMgenaH k*eQμaHza minsab

sUnüEdrç kayKtasti EdlBYkPikú¡Na e:HbgehIy RBHniBVan

k*eQμaHza BYkPikú¡TaMgenaH e:HbgEdrç kayKtasti EdlBYkPikú¡

Na R:rBÆehIy RBHniBVan k*eQμaHza BYkPikú¡TaMgenaH R:rBÆEdr³

dUecñHCaGaTi¾ RTgsMEdgecjehIy edayGMNacénbBV;TaMgLay

14 yagenH KW Gana:nbBV;1 «riyabzbBV;1 ctusSm|CJ¦-

bBV;1 bdikUlmnsikarbBV;1 ZatumnsikarbBV;1 sivdðikbBV; 9

edayn&yCaGaTi¾za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay k*kayKtasti EdlPikú¡

cMerInehIy etIdUcemþc/ eZVIoeRcInehIy etIdUcemþc eTIbmanpl

eRcIn eTIbmanGanisgSeRcInç mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡kñúgsasna

enH eTAehIykan´éRBß³ dUecñH . nieTÞsénkarcMerInkayKtasti

enaH dlehIy edaylMdab .

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28 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

enAkñúgkayenH qÁwgmanenAkñúgkayenH xYrkñúgqÁwg manenAkñúgkay

enH tMrgenam manenAkñúgkayenH ebHdYg manenAkñúgkayenH

ezøIm manenAkñúgkayenH vav manenAkñúgkayenH RkBH manenA

kñúgkayenH sYt manenAkñúgkayenH eBaHev[nZM manenAkñúgkay

enH eBaHev[nTUc manenAkñúgkayenH GaharzμI manenAkñúgkayenH

Gaharcas´ manenAkñúgkayenH TwkRbmat manenAkñúgkayenH

Twkesøsμ manenAkñúgkayenH TwkxÞúH manenAkñúgkayenH TwkQam

manenAkñúgkayenH TwkejIs manenAkñúgkayenH TwkdM:xøajxab

manenAkñúgkayenH TwkEPñk manenAkñúgkayenH TwkxøajravmanenA

kñúgkayenH Twkmat manenAkñúgkayenH TwksMe:r manenAkñúg

kayenH TwkrMGil manenAkñúgkayenH TwkmURt manenAkñúgkay

enH³ dUecñHç TVtþwsakarkmμdðanenH RBHmanRBHPaKRTgbMNgyk

ehIyza kayKtasti kñúgGnusStinieTÞsenH .

‘GZib|ay:lIkayKtasti’

enH KWCakarsMEdgnUvkarcMerIn kñúgkayKtastikmμdðanenaH

EdlmankarBN(na:lInaMmun dUcteTAenH .

:f;za ²«emv kayM³ esckþIza nUvkaysÁúy EdlCaTI

GaRs&yénmhaPUtrUbenH . :f;za ²óTÆM :Ttla³ esckþIza

xagelIGMBIépÞéneCIg . :f;za ²GeZa eksmtæka³ esckþIza

xageRkamGMBIcugsk . bTza ²tcbriynþM³ esckþIza manEs|k

rMuB&TÆedayCMuvij . :f;za ²bUrnñanb|karsS Gsuciena bc©evk¡ti³ esckþIza kayenH eBjedayrbsminsÁat manskCaedIm man

visuTÆimK< ERb 27

‘kayKtastiEdlelakbMNgkñúgTIenH’

bNþabBV; 14 enaH bBV;TaMgLay 3 enH KW«riyabzbBV;

ctusSm|CJ¦; ZatumnsikarbBV; RBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtasehIy

edayGMNacénvibsSna sivdðikbBV; 9 RBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtas´

ehIyedayGMNacGaTInvanubsSna kñúgvibsSnajaNTaMgLay

hñwgÉg mYyeT[t sUm|IsmaZiPavnaNa Kb|IsMerc kñúgGsuP-

kmμdðanTaMgLay manóTÆúmatkkmμdðanCaedIm kñúgsivdðikbBV;TaMg

enaH smaZiPavnaenaH KWRBHmanRBHPaK RTgRbkasehIy kñúg

GsuPnieTÞsÉeNaHç cMENkÉbBV;Et 2 bu¨eNÑaH KWGana:nbBV;

nig bdikUlbBV; KWRBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtas´ehIy edayGMNac

énsmaZi ‘Pavna’ kñúgGnusStinieTÞsenHç bNþabBV;TaMg 2 enaH

Gana:nbBV; catCakmμdðanepSg edayGMNacénGana:nsSti

‘kmμdðan’ hñwgÉg eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH cMENk TVtþwsa-

karkmμdðanenaHNa EdlRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´sMEdgehIy eday

GMNacénbdikUlmnsikar se®g<aHykxYrkñúgk|al edayxYrkñúg

qÁwg yagenHza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay ‘1’ BaküxagmuxenAmaneT[t

Pikú¡BicarNaeXIjc|as´nUvkayenHÉg xagelItaMgGMBI:teCIg

eLIgeTA xageRkamtaMgGMBIcugskcuHmk manEs|kbiT:MgCMuvij

eBjeTAedayvtúæminsÁat manRbkarepSg> KW skTaMgLay man

enAkñúgkayenH erammanenAkñúgkayenH RkckmanenAkñúgkayenH

eZμj manenAkñúgkayenH Es|kmanenAkñúgkayenH srés man

1- suÇ TIÇ mÇ PaKTI 17 TMB&rTI 252 .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 29

RbkarepSg> . mansMNYrza KWedayRbkardUcemþc/ eqøIyza; KW

Gtæi «msμw kaey eksa elama nxa .eb. mutþM . bNþabT

TaMgenaH bTza ²Gtæi³ KW sMviC¢ti ERbzamanenA . bTza ²«msμw³

KWkñuúgkayEdlRBHGg<Rtasza; xagelI GMBI:teCIgeLIgeTA xag

eRkamGMBIcugskcuHmk manEs|kB&TÆCMuvij eBjedayrbsmin

sÁatmanRbkarepSg> . bTza ²kaey³ KWkñúgsrIr; . esckþIza

srIr; elakehAza kay eRBaHCaTIekIténekadðas;TaMgLay man

skCaedIm nig éneraKrab´ry maneraKkñúgEPñkCaedIm EdlbNÐit

KYrex¬Im eRBaHekItmkGMBIrbsminsÁat . bTTaMgLayza ²eksa elama³ CaedImenH KWGakar; 32 manskCaedIm . bNÐitKb|I

RCabsm¬nÆ kñúgbT:lIenaH yagenHza ²Gtæi «msμw kaey eksa Gtæi «msμw kaey elama skTaMgLay manenAkñúgkayenH eram

TaMgLay manenAkñúgkayenH³ dUecñHCatYy¨ag .

EmnBit buK<lNamYy kalBinitüemIl kñúgkelvr;Edl

manRbEvg 1 Büam manRbmaNbu¨eNÑHenH KW xagelIcabedImtaMg

GMBI:teCIgeTA xageRkamcabedImGMBIcugskcuHmk edayTIbMput

CMuvij cabedImGMBIEs|k sUm|IedayGakar;sBVy¨ag k*mineXIj

nUvPaBCarbssÁatNamYy eTaHCaEkvmutþakþI EkvmNIkþI EkvviTUrü

kþI xøwmRkwsñakþI xøwmcnÞn¾RkhmkþI karbUrkþI eTaHCavtæúdéT manlMGit

éneRK]gGbCaedImkþI sUm|IRtwmEtCaGNUeLIyç tamBit eXIj

suTÆEtCarbsminsÁat manRbkarepSg> epSgedayekadðas;

30 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

mansk nig eramCaedIm KnemIleTA minmanesrI Edlmankøin

sÁúy nig KYrex¬IméRkElg EtbueNÑaHÉg . eRBaHehtuenaH eTIb

RBHGg< RTgRtas´za ²Gtæi «msμw kaey eksa elama .eb. mutþM skTaMgLay manenAkñúgkayenH eramTaMgLay manenAkñúg

kayenH .l. TwkmURt manenAkñúgkayenH ³ dUecñHCaedIm .

enHCakarBN(na edaybTsm¬nÆ kñúg:lIenaH .

‘PavnanieTÞsénkayKtasti’

k*ÉGaTikmμikkulbuRt GñkR:zñaedIm|IcMerInkmμdðanenH Kb|I

cUleTArkklüaNmiRt manRbkardUceBalmkehIy> er[nyk

nUvkmμdðanenH . cMENkÉklüaNmiRtenaH kaleBalnUvkmμdðan

dlkulbuRtenaH Kb|IR:bóK<hekaslø edaycMENk 7 nig

mnsikarekaslø edaycMENk 10 .

‘óK<hekaslø’

kñúgekaslø TaMg 2 enaH GacarüKb|IR:bóK<hekaslø

edayviZI 7 Ebb yagdUecñH KW edayvaca edaycitþ edayB(N

edayRTgRTay edayTis edayOkas ‘nig’ edaybriecäT .

‘pøÚvvaca’

k*kñúgbdikUlmnsikarkmμdðanenH RBHeyaKavcr sUm|ICa

GñkRTRTgRBHéRtbidk k*Kb|IeZVIkarsVaZüay edayvacaCamunsin

kñúgkalEdleZVITukkñúgcitþ . eRBaHza kalRBHeyaKavcrBYkxøH eZVI

karsVaZüayenaHÉg kmμdðan rEmgR:kd dUckmμdðan R:kd dl

RBHezr;BIrRBHGg< Edl:ner[nkmμdðan kñúgsMNak énRBHmha-

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32 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

Rkck eram sk³ dUecñH .

bnÞabBIenaHmk Genþvasik Kb|IeBal kñúgb:ösbJ©k;

‘mansYtCaKRmbR:M’ za ²hTyM yknM kielamkM bihkM b:ösM ebHdUg ezøIm vav RkBH sYt³ dUecñHehIy eBaledaybdielam

eT[tza ²b:ösM bihkM kielamkM yknM hTyM vk,M GdðimiJ¢M GdðI nharU mMsM teca Tnþa nxa elama eksa sYt RkBH vav ezøIm

ebHdUg tMrgenam xYrkñúgqÁwg qÁwg srés sac Es|k eZμj Rkck

eram sk³ dUecñH .

bnÞabBIenaHmk Genþvasik Kb|IeBal kñúgmtælug<bJ©k;

‘manxYrkñúgk|alCaKRmbR:M’ za ²GnþM GnþKuNM óTriyM krIsM mtælug<M eBaHev[nZM eBaHev[ntUc GaharzμI Gaharcas´ xYrkñúg

k|al³ dUecñHehIy eBaledaybdielameT[tza ²mtælug<M krIsM óTriyM GnþKuNM GnþM b:ösM bihkM kielamkM yknM hTyM vk,M GdðimiJ¢M GdðI nharU mMsM teca Tnþa nxa elama eksa xYrkñúg

k|al Gaharcas GaharzμI eBaHev[ntUc eBaHev[nZM sYt RkBH

vav ezøIm ebHdUg tMrgenam xYrkñúgqÁwg qÁwg srés sac Es|k

eZμj Rkck eram sk³ dUecñH .

bnÞabBIenaHmk Genþvasik Kb|IeBal kñúgemTcäk,; ‘man

TwkdM:rxøaj´xabCaKRmbR:MmYy’ za ²bitMþ esmØM bueBVa elahitM esaeTa emeTa TwkRbmat Twkesøsμ TwkxÞúH TwkQam TwkejIs

TwkdM:rxøaj´xab³ dUecñHehIyeBaledaybdielameT[tza ²emeTa

visuTÆimK< ERb 31

eTvetær GñkGaRs&yenAkñúgRsukeQμaHmly; . :n»mkza RBH

ezr; RtUvRBHezr;TaMgBIrGg<enaH sUmer[nnUvkmμdðanehIy :no

nUv:lI kñúgTVtþwsakarkmμdðan edayR:bza ²GñkTaMgLay cUreZVI

nUvkarsVaZüayenHÉg rhUt 4 Ex³ . zVIebIRBHezr;TaMg2 rUbenaH

sÞatCMnajBIr bI nikay k*BitEmnehIy k*bu¨EnþRBHezr;TaMgBIrrUb

enaH ‘enAEtxitxM’ sVaZüay nUvTVtþwsakar; Gs 4 Ex eTIb:n

‘sMerc’ CaesatabnñbuK<l eRBaHelakCaGñkTTYlyk ‘nUvOvaT’

edayeKarBEmnBit . eRBaHehtuenaH GacarüGñkeBalnUvkmμdðan

Kb|IR:bGenþvasikza ²RKadMbUg cUrGñkeZVIkarsVaZüay edayvaca

Camun³ .

‘viZIsVaZüay’

k*kalGenþvasikeZVI Kb|IkMNt nUvtcbJ©kkmμdðanCaedIm

‘kmμdðanEdlmanEs|kCaKRmbR:M’ ehIyeZVIkarsVaZüay eday

GMNacGnuelam nig bdielam . KWKb|IeBalza ²eksa elama nxa Tnþa ceta sk eram Rkck eZμj Es|k³ dUecñHehIy

eBal edaybdielameT[t za ²teca Tnþa nxa elama eksa Es|k eZμj Rkck eram sk³ dUecñH .

bnÞabGMBIenaHmk Genþvasik Kb|IeBal kñúgvk,bJ©k;

‘mantMrgenamCaKRmbR:M’ za ²mMsM nharU GdðI GdðimiJ¢M vk,M sac srés qÁwg xYrkñúgqÁwg tMrgenam³ dUecñHehIy eBaleday

bdielameT[tza ²vk,M GdðimiJ¢M GdðI nharU mMsM teca Tnþa nxa elama eksa tMrgenam xYrkñúgqÁwg qÁwg srés sac´ Es|k eZμj

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visuTÆimK< ERb 33

eseTa elahitM bueBVa esmØM bitMþ mtælug<M krIsM óTriyM GnþKuNM GnþM b:ösM bihkM kielamkM yknM hTyM vk,M GdðimiJ¢M GdðI nharU mMsM teca Tnþa nxa elama eksa TwkdM:rxøaj´xab

TwkejIs TwkQam TwkxÞúH Twkesøsμ TwkRbmat xYrkñúgk|al

Gaharcas´ Gaharz μI eBaHev[ntUc eBaHev[nZM sYt RkBH vav ezøIm

ebHdUg tMrgenam xYrkñúgqÁwg qÁwg srés sac Es|k eZμj Rkck

eram sk³ dUecñH .

bnÞabGMBIenaHmk Genþvasik Kb|IeBal kñúgmutþcäk,;

‘manTwkmURtCaKRmbR:MmYy’ za ²GsSú vsa exeLa sig¹alika lsika mutþM TwkEPñk Twkxøajrav Twkmat TwksMe:r TwkrMGil

TwkmURt³ dUecñHehIy eBaledaybdielameT[tza ²mutþM lsika sig¹alika exeLa vsa GsSú emeTa eseTa elahitM bueBVa esmØM bitMþ mtælug<M krIsM óTriyM GnþKuNM GnþM b:ösM bihkM kielamkM yknM hTyM vk,M GdðimiJ¢M GdðI nharU mMsM teca Tnþa nxa elama eksa TwkmURt TwkrMGil TwksMe:r TwkRbmat

Twkxøajrav TwkEPñk TwkdM:rxøaj´xab TwkejIs TwkQam TwkxÞúH

Twkesøsμ TwkRbmat xYrkñúgk|al Gaharcas GaharzμI eBaHev[n

tUc eBaHev[nZM sYt RkBH vav ezøIm ebHdUg tMrgenam xYrkñúgqÁwg

qÁwg srés sac´ Es|k eZμj Rkck eram sk³ dUecñH .

Genþvasik Kb|IeZVIkarsVaZüay edayvaca y¨agdUecñH Gs

eBl 100 dgkþI 1ç000 dgkþI 100ç000 dgkþI . eRBaHza

34 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

edaykarsVaZüay edayvaca ‘yagenH’ reb[bkmμdðan rEmgsÞat

CMnaj citþ minsÞúHeTA xagenaHpg xagenHpg ekadðas;TaMgLay

rEmgR:kd KWR:kd dUcCaCYrénRmamédpg dUcCaCYréneCIgrbg

pg yagenaHÉg .

‘citþ-BN(-RTg´RTay-Tis-Okas-briecäT’

k*RBHeyaKI eZVIkarsVaZüay edayvaca y¨agNaç sUm|I

edaycitþ k*Kb|IeZVIkarsVaZüay k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . eRBaHza kar

sVaZüayedayvaca k*Cabc©&yénkarsVaZüay edaycitþEdr . kar

sVaZüayedaycitþ k*Cabc©&yénkarcakZøúHnUvlk¡N; .

‘151’ Baküza ²vNÑeta edayBN(³ KWRBHeyaKI Kb|I

kMNtBN(énekadðas; ‘cMENk’ TaMgLay manskCaedIm .

Baküza ²sNðaneta edayRTgRTay³ KWRBHeyaKI Kb|I

kMNtRTgRTay énekadðasTaMgenaHÉg .

Baküza ²Tiseta edayTis³ GZib|ayza kñúgsrIr;enH

xagelIp©iteLIgeTA CaTisxagelI xageRkamp©itcuHmk CaTisxag

eRkam eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKIKb|IkMNtTis za ²ekadðasenH

‘man’ kñúgTiseQμaHenH³ .

Baküza ²Okaseta edayOkas³ esckþIza RBHeyaKI

Kb|IkMNtOkas énekadðasenaH> y¨agenHza ²ekadðasenH fit

enAehIy kñúgOkaseQμaHenH³ .

Baküza ²briecäTeta edaybriecäT³ GZib|ayza karkMNt

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36 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

‘mnsikarekaslü’

Gacarü Kb|IR:bmnsikarekaslü edayvZI 10 yag

dUecñH KW edaylMdab edayminel]neBk edayminsnSwmeBk

edaykiriyakarBarnUvesckþIraymay edaykarknøgnUvbJ¦tþi

edaykarlHbgnUvlMdab edayGb|na nig edaysURtbI .

‘mnsikaredaylMdab´’

bTza ²GnubuBVeta edaylMdab³ kñúgmnsikarekaslü 10

enaH GZib|ayza km μdðanenH RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ eday

lMdablMeday cabedImGMBIkareZVInUvkarsVaZüay minKYreZVITukkñúg

citþ edaykarepøaHrMlg 1 eLIy . eRBaHza kalRBHeyaKIeZVI

Tukkñúgcitþ edaykarepøaHrMlg 1 nwgmancitþlM:k rEmgZøakcuH

eRBaHkiriyamin:nnUvesckþIrIkray EdlxøÜnRtUv:n edayGMNac

énPavnasm|tþi minjúaMgPavnaosMerc eRb[bdUcCabursEdlmin

Qøasév kaleLIgkan´begÁag mankaM 32 edaykarepøaHrMlg 1

kaM mankaylM:k rEmgZøakcuH minjúaMgkareLIg o:nsMerc

eLIy k*dUecñaHÉg .

‘mnsikaredayminel]neBk’

k*sUm|IRBHeyaKI kaleZVIkarTukkñúgcitþ edaylMdab Kb|I

eZVITukkñúgcitþ edayminoel]neBkEdr . eRBaHza kalRBHeyaKI

eZVITukkñúgcitþ edayel]nhYseBk kmμdðan rEmgdlnUvTIbMputPøam

k*BitEmnehIy k*bu¨Enþ kmμdðan minR:kd minnaMKuNviessmko

eRb[bdUcCaburskaledIrpøÚv Gscmáay 3 eyaCn¾ min:nkMNt

visuTÆimK< ERb 35

BIrKWkarkMNtnUvcMENkesμIKña1 karkMNtnUvcMENkminesμIKña1 .

bNþakarkMNtTaMg 2 enaH bNÐitKb|IRCabkarkMNtnUvcMENk

esμIKña yagenHza ²ekadðasenH KWelak:nkMNtehIy eday

cMENkeQμaHenH TaMgxageRkam TaMgxagelI TaMgTTwg³ dUecñH .

bNÐit Kb|IRCabkarkMNtnUvcMENkminesμIKña edayGMNacPaB

minlayKña yagenHza ²skTaMgLay KWminEmnCaeram sUm|I

eramTaMgLay k*minEmnCaskEdr³ dUecñHCatYy¨ag .

‘kic©EdlKYrdwgmunnwgR:b´óK<hekaslü’

‘152’ k*ÉGacarü kalR:b´óK<hekaslü edayviZI 7

y¨ag dUceBalmkenH Kb|Idwgza ²kmμdðanenH KWRBHmanRBHPaK

Rtas´ehIy edayGMNacCarbs´bdikUlhñwgÉg kñúgsURtÉenaH

Rtas´edayGMNacCaZatu kñúgsURtÉenaH³ ehIyR:bcuH . Emn

Bit kmμdðanenH kñúgmhastibdðansURt RTgRtas edayGMNac

Carbs´bdikUlhñwgÉg kñúgmhahtæibeTabmsURt kñúgmharahu-

elavaTsURt nig kñúgZatuviPg<sURt RTgRtas´ edayGMNacCa

Zatu . cMENkkñúgkayKtastisURt RBHmanRBHPaKRTgcMENk

Qan4 eRBaHsMedAykbuK<lEdlekadðasmanskCaedIm R:kd

c|as ‘dleK’ edayBN( . kñúgkmμdðan 2 yagenaH kmμdðan

EdlRBHGg<Rtas´ edayGMNacCaZatu catCavibsSnakmμdðan

EdlRTgRtas edayGMNacCarbsbdikUl catCasmzkmμdðan

kmμdðankñúgbdikUlmnsikarbBV;enHnu@H catCasmzkmμdðanEmnBit

GacarüKb|IR:bóK<hekaslüedayviZI7 Ebb dUceBalmkenH .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 37

nUvkarQancuHeTA nig karlHbg ehIyeZVIKmnaKmn¾ sUm|IGs

var; 7 dg edaysnÞúHyagel]n pøÚvk*dlnUvTIbJ©b k*BitEmn

ehIy k*bu¨Enþza bursenaH RtUvEtsYrpøÚv ‘eK’ Camunsin swmeTA

k*dUecñaHÉg . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVIkarsVaZüay eday

minel]nhYseBk .

‘mnsikaredayminsnSwmhYseBk’

mYyeT[t RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayminsnSwmhYs

eBk eRb[bdUcCaeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayminel]nhYseBk k*y¨agenaH

Edr . eRBaHza kalRBHeyaKIeZVITukkñúgcitþ edaysnSwmhYseBk

kmμdðan mindlnUvTIbMput minCabc©&yo:nseRmcnUvKuNviess

dUcCakalbursR:zña edIm|IedIreTAkanpøÚvRbEvg 3 eyaCn¾ kñúgézá

enaHÉg enAbEgÁrbgÁg kñúgTITaMgLaymanedImeQI PñM nig RsH Ca

edIm kñúgcenøaHpøÚvç pøÚvmindlnUvTIbMput edayBIrbIézá eTIbdlTI

bMput dUecñaHÉg .

‘mnsikaredaykarkarBaresckþIraymay’

bTza ²viek¡bb|diBahneta edaykarkarBarnUvesckþIray

may³ esckþIza karEdlcitþlHbgnUvkmμdðanehIyraymay kñúg

GarmμN¾d*RkasBÆd*xageRkA RBHeyaKIKb|IkarBar . eRBaHza kal

ebIminkarBareT kalebIesckþIraymay BÆd*xageRkAman kmμdðan

rEmgsabsUnü rEmg:tbgeTA eRb[bdUcCakalbursedIreTAkan´

pøÚvEk|reRCaH CapøÚvedIreTAEteCIgm¡ag minkMNteCIgEdlRtUvQan

eTA rvlEtEbremIleTAxagnu@Hpg xagenHpg var;éneCIg rEmgPøat

38 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

Zøakç ‘eCIg’ Kb|IPøatGMBIpøÚvenaH ZøakcuHeTAkñúgeRCaHEdlmanCeRmA

100 snÞÚgburs dUecñaHÉg . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IeZVI

Tukkñúgcitþ edaykarkarBaresckþIraymaypg .

‘mnsikaredayrMlgnUvbJ¦tþi’

bTza ²bNÑtþismtik,mneta edayrMlgnUvbJ¦tþi³ esckþI

za bJ¦tþi za ²eksa elama³ dUecñHCaedIm enHNa RBHeyaKavcr

Kb|IrMlg nUvbJ¦tþienaHehIy tm,lcitþza ²bdikUl³ . dUcCakñúg

eBlEdlTwkrk:nedaykRm mnusSTaMgLay eXIjGNþÚgTwk

kñúgéRBehIy cgnUvvtæúNamYy mansøwketñatCaedImhñwgÉg TukCa

eRK]gsMKal kñúgTIenaH ehIyk*mktameRK]gsMKal´enaH gUtpg

pwkpgç EtkñúgeBlNa edaykarRtaceTACaer]y> énmnusSTaMg

LayenaH sñameCIgmnusSEdlmkehIy> rEmgR:kdç kñúgeBl

enaH minmankic©edayeRK]gsMKaleT[teTç mnusSTaMgLay Etg

eTAgUt nig pwkTwk kñúgeBlEdlxøÜnRtUvkarehIy> yagNamijç

kalRBHeyaKavcr eZVITukkñúgcitþ edayGMNacénbJ¦tiþza ²eksa elamaÇÇdz dUecñH kñúgcMENkxagedImç PaBCabdikUl rEmgR:kd

tmk RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrMlgecalnUvbJ¦tþi za ²eksa elama³ dUecñHehIy tm,lcitþTuk kñúgPaBCabdikUlEtmüag yagenaHÉg .

‘mnsikaredaykarlHbg´nUvlMdab´’

bTza ²GnubuBVmuJ©neta edaylHbglMdab³ manesckþI

za ekadðas; ‘cMENk’ Na> minR:kd . RBHeyaKavcr Gñk

lHbgecalnUvekadðas;enaH> eQμaHza eZVITukkñúgcitþ edaylH

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visuTÆimK< ERb 39

bgnUvlMdab . k*kalGaTikmμikbuK<l eZVITukkñúgcitþza ²eksa³ mnsikar k*eTATlnwgekadðasTIbMputKW ²mutþM³ enHEtmþg fitenA

nig kalRBHeyaKavcr eZVITukkñúgcitþza ²mutþM³ mnsikar k*eTATl´

nwgekadðas xagedIm KW ²eksa³ enHdUcKña . RKaenH kalRBH

eyaKavcrenaH eZVITukkñúgcitþ> ekadðasTaMgLayxøH rEmgR:kd

ekadðasTaMgLayxøH rEmgminR:kd . ekadðasTaMgLayNa>

R:kdç RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IeZVIkargar kñúgekadðasTaMgLayenaH>

rhUtdlkalekadðasTaMgLayBIr R:kd bNþaekadðasTaMgBIr

enaH ekadðasNamYy R:kdCakc|asedayRbéB . k*kalRBH

eyaKavcr eZVITukkñúgcitþCaer]y> nUvekadðasenaHÉg EdlR:kd

ehIyyagenH Kb|IjúaMgGb|na oekIteLIg:n .

enHCaóbma kñúgkarlHbgnUvlMdabenaH eRb[bdUcCanay

RBan R:zñaedIm|InwgcabstVsVa EdlrsenAkñúgéRBetñat Edlman

edImetñat 32 edIm yksr:jsøwketñat EdlfitenA xagedIm

ehIyeZVInUvsMeLgsg¹kç kalebIdUecñaH stVsVaenaH k*elateTA

elIedImetñatenaH> tamlMdab rhUtelateTAdledImetñat CaTI

bMputEtmþgç kalebIedImetñatTaMgenaH RBaneTAeZVIy¨agenaHdEdl

kñúgTIenaHç stVsVa k*mkkan´edImetñatxagedIm edayn&yenaHÉg

mþgeT[t stVsVaenaH eTAtamlMdaber]y> yagenH elateLIg

kñúgTIEdlRBansg¹k> hñwgÉg lb> eTARkabelIedImetñatmYy

edIm ehIycabsøwketñatRkBMu RtgkNþaledImetñatenaH yagmaMlÁ

eTaHCaRtUvRBan:jk*minelateLIg yagNaç Baküóbemyü Ca

40 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

eRK]gjúaMgBaküóbmaodlRBmenH bNÐitKb|IRCabyagenHÉg.

enHCaBaküeRK]geRb[beZ[b edayesckþIóbma kñúgGZikarenH .

ekadðasTaMgLay 32 kñúgkayenH dUcCaedImetñat 32

edIm kñúgéRBetñat yagdUecñaHÉg . citþdUcCastVsVa . RBHeya-

Kavcr dUcCaRBan . kiriyaRtaceTAtamlMdab edayGMNac én

GarmμN¾ kñúgkayEdlmancMENk 32 éncitþ rbsRBHeyaKI dUc

CakarrsenAkñúgéRBetñatEdlmanedImetñat 32 edIm énstVsVa .

karEdl kalRBHeyaKI cabepþImR:rBÆeZVITukkñúgcitþza ²eksa³ ehIy citþ RtaceTAtamlMdab fitenA kñúgcMENkCaTIbMputhñwgÉg

dUcCakarEdl kalRBanyksr:jsøwketñat EdlfitenA xag

edIm ehIyeZVIsMeLgERsksg¹k sVak*elat elIedImetñatenaH>

ehIyeTAkan´edImetñatCaTIbMput . n&ysUm|IkñúgkarRtLbvijeT[t

k*dUcn&yenHEdr . karEdl kalRBHeyaKI eZVITukkñúgcitþer]y>

nakalekadðas;TaMgLayxøH> R:kdehIy lHbgekadðas;TaMg

LayEdlminTanR:kd ehIyeZVInUvbrikmμ kñúgekadðas;TaMgLay

EdlR:kdehIy dUcCakarEdlstVsVaeTAtamlMdab ‘edImetñat’

er]y> elateLIgkñúgTIEdlRBanERsksg¹kehIy> . karEdl

kalekadðas;TaMgLay 2 R:kdehIy kñúgTIbMput ekadðas;Na

R:kdCakc|asedaylÁ RBHeyaKavcr eZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvekadðas;

enaHÉger]y> ehIyjúaMgGb|na oekIteLIg dUcCakarEdlstV

sVaRkab elIedImetñatmYyedIm tamlMdabehIy cabnUvsøwketñat

RkBMuRtgkNþaledImetñatenaH yagmaMlÁ eTaHCaRBan:j k*min

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visuTÆimK< ERb 41

elateLIg dUecñaHÉg .

óbmadéTeT[t eRb[bdUcCaPikú¡GñkmankarRtaceTAbiNÐ:t

CaRbRktI cUleTAGaRs&ynUvRsukmanRtkUl 32 :nPik¡a 2 kñúg

pÞHCadMbUghñwgÉg ehIyKb|IlHbgnUvPik¡a 1 kñúgpÞHxagmux EsÁk

eLIg :nPik¡a 3 ehIyKb|IlHbgnUvPik¡a 2 kñúgpÞHxagmux kñúgézá

TI3 :nPik¡aeBj:Rt kñúgpÞHxagedImenaHÉg eTAkan´Gasnsala

ehIyqan´ yagNamijç Baküóbemyü CaeRK]gjúaMgóbma o

dlRBmenH bNÐitKb|IRCab k*y¨agenaHÉg . k*Gakar; 32 dUc

CaRsukmanRtkUl 32 . RBHeyaKavcr dUcCabiNÐ:tikPikú¡ .

karEdlRBHeyaKavcr eZVIkarbrikmμ nUvGakar; 32 dUcCakarcUl

eTAenAGaRs&yRsukenaH énPikú¡enaH . karEdl kalRBHeya-

Kavcr eZVITukkñúgcitþ> lHbgnUvekadðas;TaMgLay EdlminR:kd

ehIy eZVInUvkarbrikmμ kñúgekadðas;TaMgLay EdlR:kdehIy>

rhUtdlekadðas; 2 dUcCakarEdlPikú¡ GñkmankiriyaRtaceTA

biNÐ:tCaRbRktI :nPik¡a 2 kñúgpÞHCadMbUgehIy lHbgnUvPik¡a1

kñúgpÞHxagmux nig dUcCakñúgézá TI2 :nnUvPik¡a 3 ehIylHbgnUv

Pik¡a 2 kñúgpÞHxagmux . karEdl bNþaekadðas;TaMgLay 2

ekadðas;Na R:kdCakc|asedaylÁ RBHeyaKavcr eZVITukkñúg

citþ nUvekadðas;enaHÉger]y> ehIyjúaMgGb|na oekIteLIg dUc

CakñúgézáTI3 karEdlPikú¡GñkmankarRtaceTAbiNÐ:tCaRbRktI :n

nUvPik¡aeBj:Rt kñúgpÞHxagedImhñwgÉg ehIyKgqan´ elIGasn-

sala yagdUecñaHÉg .

42 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

‘mnsikaredayGb|na’

bTza ²Gb|naeta edayGb|na³ KW edayekadðasEdl

naMoekItGb|na . enHCaGZib|ay kñúgbTenaH za ²bNÐitKb|I

RCabza kñúgekadðasTaMgLay manskCaedIm Gb|na man kñúg

ekadðasmYy>³ dUecñH .

‘153’ enHCaGZib|ay kñúgbTza ²k*sURt 3³ enaH sURt

3 enH KW ; GZicitþsURt sItiPavsURt eBaCgÄg<ekaslsURt

RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IRCab edIm|IRbkbvIriysmaZi .

‘GZicitþsURt’

bNþasURtTaMg 3 enaH sURtenHza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay

Pikú¡GñkRbkbnUvGZicitþehIy RtUveZVITukkñúgcitþnUvnimitþ 3 yag kñúg

kald*KYr KW RtUveZVITukkñúgcitþnUvsmaZinimitþ kñúgkald*KYr 1 RtUv

eZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvbK<ahnimitþ kñúgkald*KYr 1 RtUveZVITukkñúgcitþ nUv

óebk¡animitþ kñúgkald*KYr1 . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay ebIPikú¡GñkRbkb

er]y> nUvGZicitþ Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvsmaZinimitþ EtmYycMENk

ehtuenaH Kb|InaMcitþoRbRBwtþeTA edIm|IesckþIxi¢lRcGUs . mñal

Pikú¡TaMgLay ebIPikú¡GñkRbkber]y> nUvGZicitþ Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ

nUvbK<ahnimitþ EtmYycMENk ehtuenaH Kb|InaMcitþ oRbRBwtþeTA

edIm|IesckþIraymay . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay ebIPikú¡GñkRbkber]y>

nUvGZicitþ Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþnUvóebk¡animitþ EtmYycMENk ehtuenaH

Kb|InaMcitþminotaMgmaM edayRbéB edIm|IkarGs´eTAénGasv;TaMg

Lay. mñalPikú¡TaMgLay kalNa Pikú¡GñkRbkbnUvGZicitþ rEmg

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44 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

nUvcitþ edIm|IZm(EdlRtUveZVIoCakc|as edayR:C\ad*ótþm Na>

kalebIehtuman rEmgdlnUvPaBKYrCabnÞal kñúgZm(enaH> edIm|I

eZVIoCakc|as edayR:C\ad*ótþm ‘1’ ³ dUecñH bNÐit Kb|IRCab

za eQμaHGZicitþsURt .

‘sItiPavsURt’

sURtenHza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡ RbkbRBmedayZm( 6

y¨ag CaGñkKYredIm|IeZVIoCakc|as´ nUvesckþIRtCakcitþ d*ótþm .

Zm( 6 yag etIGVIxøH/ mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡kñúgsasnaenH citþ

EdlKYrsg,tsg,in kñúgeBlNa k*sg,tsg,incitþ kñúgeBlenaH1

citþEdlKYrp<geLIg kñúgeBlNa k*p<gcitþeLIgkñúgeBlenaH 1 citþ

EdlKYreZVIorIkray kñúgeBlNa k*eZVIocitþrIkraykñúgeBlenaH 1

citþEdlKYreZVIoRBegIy kñúgeBlNa k*eZVIcitþoRBegIy kñúgeBl

enaH 1 CaGñksøúgcuHeTA kñúgZm(d*ézøzøa 1 eRtkGr kñúgRBHniBVan 1ç

mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡ RbkbedayZm( 6 yagenHÉg CaGñkKYr

edIm|IeZVIoCakc|as nUvesckþIRtCakcitþd*ótþm ‘2’ ³ dUecñH bNÐit

Kb|IRCabza eQμaHsItiPavsURt .

‘eBaCÄg<ekasløsURt’

cMENkstþeBaCÄg<sURt EdlRBHmanRBHPaK RTgsMEdg

ehIyhñwgÉg kñúgGb|naekasløkza za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay citþ

CaZmμCatirYjra kñúgsm&yNa kalenaH CakalminKYr edIm|IcMerIn

nUvbsSTÆieBaCÄg< kñúgsm&yenaH yagenHÉgÇÇdz dUecñHCaedIm .

1– suÇ GMÇ tiÇ PaK 41 TMB&r 385. 2– GMÇ qÇ PaK 46 TMB&r 309 .

visuTÆimK< ERb 43

eZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvsmaZinimitþ bK<ahnimitþ óebk¡animitþ kñúgkald*KYr

eTIbcitþenaHk*Tn´ KYrdlPavnakmμ CacitþPøWepøk minrwg taMgmaMeday

RbéB edIm|IGseTAénGasv;TaMgLay:n . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay

dUcCaCagmaskþI sisSCagmaskþI catEcg:v luHcatEcg:vrYc

ehIy k*dutmat:v luHdutnUvmat:vrYcehIy k*ykdeg,{bez,{b

masdak kñúgmat:v ehIysb kñúgkald*KYr bMRBMTwk kñúgkal

d*KYr sMLwgemIlkñúgkald*KYr . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay ebICagmaskIþ

sisSCagmaskIþ Kb|IsbEtmasenaH mYycMENk ehtuenaH Ca

ehtueZVIomaseqHrlYyeTA . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay ebICagmaskIþ

sisSCagmaskIþ bMRBMEtmasenaHedayTwk mYycMENk ehtuenaH

CaehtueZVIomasRtCak. mñalPikú¡TaMgLay ebICagmaskIþ sisS

CagmaskIþ sMLwgemIlEtmasenaH mYycMENk ehtuenaHCaehtu

eZVIminomasqÁinsBVsac:n . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay k*kalNa

CagmaskþI sisSCagmaskþI sbmasenaH kñúgkald*KYr bMRBM

edayTwk kñúgkald*KYr sMLwgemIl kñúgkald*KYrehIy eTIbmas

enaHeTACamasd*Tn´ KYrdlkargar Camasmansm|úrPøWepøk min

RsYy KYrbegÁaneTA edIm|Ikargar edayRbéBpgç ebIeKR:zñaeRK]g

RbdabEbøk> Na> eTaHCadM:rmaskþI kNÐlkþI eRK]gRbdab-k

kþI kRmgmaskþI rEmgseRmcRbeyaCn¾enaH> :n yagNamijç

mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡GñkRbkber]y> nUvGZicitþ RtUveZVITukkñúg

citþnUvnimitþ 3 yag kñúgkald*KYr .l. citþenaH rEmgtaMgmaM

edayRbéB edIm|IkarGseTAénGasv;TaMgLayç buK<lbegÁaneTA

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visuTÆimK< ERb 45

kmμdðan KWRBHeyaKIenaH eZVInUvóK<hekaslü 7 RbkarenH

o:nyaglÁehIypg kMNtmnsikarekaslü 10 RbkarenH

edayRbéBpg tamn&yEdleBalmkenH ehIyKb|Ier[n o:n

lÁRbesIr edayGMNacénekaslüTaMgBIrRbkar .

‘munnwgepþImkmμdðan’ k*RbsinNaebIRBHeyaKavcrenaH manesckþIsb|ay kñúg

vtþEtmYyhñwgÉg CamYynwgGacarüç RBHeyaKacvrenaH k*minRtUv

oGacarüsMEdgR:b´ edayBisþar yagenHeLIy Rbkbkmμdðan

er]y> :nnUvKuNviesseRscehIy swmoelakGacarüsMEdg

R:b kñúgzñakx¬seLIg> . ‘buEnþ’ RBHeyaKavcr manR:zñacgenA

kñúgTIdéT RtUvoGacarüdMEdgR:b o:nBisþar edayviZIdUcEdl

eyIgeBalmkehIy ERbRbYler]y> katpþacnUvTIEdlsgS&y

TaMgGsecjehIy lHbgnUvesnasn; EdlminsmKYr tamn&y

Edl:neBalmkehIy kñúgbfvIksiNnieTÞsÉeNaH rYcehIy

enAkñúgvtþEdlsmKYr eZVIkarpþacbgnUvblieBaZtUctacecalehIy

eZVIbrikmμ edaykiriyaeZVITukkñúgcitþCabdikUl .

k*RBHeyaKavcr kaleZVI RtUvkan´yknUvnimitþ kñúgskTaMg

LayCamunsin . sYrza; RtUvkanyknUvnimitþ kñúgskTaMgLay

Camun yagdUcemþc/ . eqøIyza; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IdkskmYy

srés ß 2 srés dakelI:tédehIy kMNtBN(CadMbUg .

kiriyaEdlRBHeyaKI rmilemIlnUvskTaMgLay sUm|IkñúgTIénsk

EdldacehIyk*KYr . sUm|IRBHeyaKI rmilemIlnUvskTaMgLay

46 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

EdlZøakehIy kñúg‘Ekv’Twk ß EdlZøakehIy kñúg‘can’bbr rwt

EtKYrNaseTAeT[t. RBHeyaKI eXIjkñúgeBlEdlskexμAehIy

Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ za skTaMgLayexμAç eXIj kñúgeBlEdlsk

s ehIyKb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ za skTaMgLay-s . EtRBHeyaKI

‘eXIj’ kñúgkalénsklayKña k*Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayGMNac

énskRkas´ . k*RBHeyaKI eXIjkñúgskTaMgLayehIykan´yk

nUvnimitþ y¨agNaç sUm|Ikñúgekadðas; EdlmanRkck CaKRmb´ 5

TaMgmUl RKanEteXIjehIy k*Kb|Ikan´yknimitþ k*y¨agenaHEdr .

luHRBHeyaKI kanyknUvnimitþy¨agenHehIy Kb|IkMNtnUvcMENk

TaMgBYgTaMgLay edayGMNacBN( RTgRTay Tis Okas nig

briecäTehIy kMNtPaBénGakar; za CarbsbdikUl 5 Rbkar

edayGMNacénBN( RTgRTay køin TIenAGaRs&y nig Okas .

GnubuBVikza kñúgkarkMNtnUvlk¡N; nig PaBbdikUlenaH

kñúgekadðas;TaMgBYgTaMgLay mandUcteTAenH .

‘sk´’

‘154’ CadMbUg skTaMgLay edayBN(CaRbRktI B(N

ex μA manBN(dUcCaEpøp<aM . edayRTg´RTay Evg mUl manRTg´

RTaydUcCadgénCJ¢Ig . edayTis ekItkñúgTisxagelI . eday

Okas elakkMNtehIy kñúgxagTaMgLayTaMg 2 tamKum¬Rtec[k

TaMgLay xagmux tamTIbMputénzáas xageRkay tamkJ©wg-k .

Es|kRsssMrabeRsabllad¾k|al CaOkasénskTaMgLay.

edaybriecäT skTaMgLay elakkMNtehIyxageRkam edayépÞ

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 47

énb\srbsxøÜnEdlcUleTAGsTIRtwmEtcugRsUv kñúgEs|ksMrabruM

nUvk|alehIytaMgenA xagelI kMNt edayGakas TTwg kMNt´

edaysrésskCamYyKña . karkMNt edayn&yza ²skTaMg

LayBIrsrés minGacman kúñgTICamYyKña:neT³ enH eQμaHza

karkMNtedaycMENkrbsxøÜn ‘sPaKbriecäT’ . ZmμtaskTaMg

Lay Edlelakmin:neZVIolayKña edaycMENk 31 d*ess

TaMgLay yagenH za ²skTaMgLayminEmneram eramTaMgLay

k*minEmnsk³ dUecñH . karkMNtenH za ²cMENknu@H CacMENk

edayELk>³ eQ μaHza visPaKbriecäT . enHCakarkMNt eday

lk¡N; manBN(CaedIm énskTaMgLay . ÉenHCakarkMNt

edaybdikUl 5 Rbkar edayGMNacénlk¡N; manBN(CaedIm

énskTaMgLayenaH . Zm μtaskTaMgLayenH Carbs´bdikUl

edayBN(xøH bdikUl edayRTgRTayxøH bdikUl edaykøinxøH

bdikUl edayTIenAGaRs&yxøH bdikUl edayOkasxøH . d|itza

CnTaMgLay eXIjvtæúGVImYy EdlmanBN(dUcCask kñúgPaCn¾

énbbrkþI kñúgPaCn¾én:ykþI sUm|ICaTIKabcitþ ehIyex¬ImreGImza;

vtæúenH layedaysk cUrGñkTaMgLay naMykvaecjeTA³ . sk

TaMgLay CarbsbdikUl edayBN(xøH yagenHÉg .

müageT[t CnTaMgLaysUm|IbriePaK kñúgevlayb TukCa

BalRtUvehIy nUvsrésénsURt ß ßza nUvsrésénRkecA man

RTgRTaydUcCask ehIyex¬ImreGIm yagdUecñaHEdr . skTaMg

Lay CarbsbdikUl edayRTgRTay yagdUecñHÉg .

48 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

müageT[t køinénskTaMgLay EdlR:scakkartakEtg

mankarlabeRbg p,a nigZUbCaedIm CakøinEdlbuK<lex¬IméRkeBk.

køinénskTaMgLay EdlbuK<ldak´kñúgePøIg CakøinKYrex¬IméRkElg

CagenaHeTAeT[t . EmnBit skTaMgLay edayBN( nig RTg´

RTay minKYrCarbs´bdikUleLIy bu¨Enþ edaykøin Carbs´bdikUl

hñwgÉg . dUcCalamkénkumarEdlenAekμg edayBN( manB(N

dUcCarem[t sUm|IedayRTgRTay k*manRTgRTay dUcCadMurem[tç

mYyeT[t saksBEq,exμAEdlehIme:geLIg RtUveKe:HecalelI

TIkEnøgecalsMram edayBN( manBN(dUcCaetñatTMu edayRTg´

RTay manRTgRTaybIdUcCaRTgRTaysMePar EdleKlHbgecal

ehIyç sUm|Icg,ÚmTaMgLy énEq,enaH k*manRTgRTay dUcCap,amøiH

RkBMu eRBaHehtuenaH lamkénkumar nig saksBénEq,exμATaMgBIr

edayBN( nig RTgRTay minKYrCarbsbdikUleT bu¨Enþ edaykøin

Carbs´bdikUlhñwgÉg yagNamijç sUm|IskTaMgLay k*y¨ag

dUecñaHEdr edayB(N nig RTgRTay minKYrCarbsbdikUleT buEnþ

edaykøin CarbsbdikUl BitEmnhñwgÉg .

mYyeT[t bEnøCaRbeyaCn¾ dlsML EdlduHehIy eday

karhUrecj énTwkRCaMGMBIRsuk kñúgTIminsÁat CavtæúKYrex¬Im minKYr

nwgbriePaK énmnusSGñkRkugTaMgLay yagNamijç sUm|Isk

TaMgLay k*eQμaHza CarbsKYrex¬Im eRBaHPaBénskenaHduHehIy

edaykiriyahUrecj énvtæúminsÁat manxÞúH Qam TwkmURt Gahar

cas´ Rbmat nig esøsμ CaedIm k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr .

ពទ�ធកស

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េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 49

enH CaPaBbdikUl edayTIenAGaRs&y énskTaMgLayenaH .

mYyeT[t ZmμtaskTaMgLayenH duHehIy kñúgKMnr én

cMENk 31 dUcbEnøEdlduHehIy kñuúgKMnrénlamkç skTaMgenaH

eQμaHza Carbs´KYrex¬Im yagéRkElg eRBaHPaBénskenaH duH

ehIy kñúgTIEdlminsÁat dUcCabEnøEdlduHehIy kñúgTITaMgLay

manéRBsμsan nig TIecalsMramCaedImpg dUcCap,aQUk nig p,a

lMcgCaedIm EdlduHehIy kñúgTITaMgLayEdlminsÁat mansñam

ePøaHCaedImpg dUecñHÉg . enHCaPaBbdikUl edayOkas énsk

TaMgLayenaH .

RBHeyaKI Kb|IkMNtPaBbdikUl énskTaMgLay yag

Namijç k*Kb|IkMNtPaBbdikUl edaycMENk 5 yag eday

GMNayénBN( RTgRTay Tis Okas nig briecäT éncMENkTaMg

BYg k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . EtRBHeyaKI Kb|IkMNtcMENkTaMgLay

TaMgBYg epSg> Kña edayGMNac ‘lk¡N;KW’ BN( RTgRTay

Tis Okas nig briecäT .

‘eram’

bNþacMENkTaMgLayenaH eramTaMgLay Kb|IkMNtmun

eramtamRbRktI man 90ç000 reNþA edayBN(RbRktI Caeram

manBN(minex μA dUcCaskeT EtCaerammanBN(el]g layex μA

bnþic . edayRTgRTay eramTaMgLay mancugOncuH manRTg

RTay dUcCab\setñat . edayTis eram ekItkñúgTisTaMg 2 .

edayOkas eramTaMgLay elIkElgnUvOkas énskTaMgLay

50 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

EdltaMgenAehIypg nUv:téd:teCIgTaMgLayecjpg PaK

eRcIn duHehIy kñúgEs|kEdleRsabsrIr;d*ess . edaybriecäT

eramTaMgLay elakkMNtehIy xageRkam edayb\s rbsxøÜn

EdlcUleTA GsTIRtwmEtmYylixa kñúgEs|kEdleRsabsrIr;

ehIytaMgenA xagelI edayOkas xagTTwg kMNt edaysr-

éseramKñaÉg . kiriyakMNt edayn&y za ²eramTaMgLay 2

srés minman kñúgTICamYyKña:neT³ enH CakarkMNtnUvcMENk

rbs´xøÜn éneramTaMgLayenaH . kiriyakMNtnUvcMENkminesμIKña

R:kdesμI eday ‘karkMNt’ skdUcKñaEdr .

‘Rkck’

Baküza ²RkckTaMgLay³ CaeQμaHénRtbk énRkckTaMg

Lay 20 . RkckTaMgGsenaH edayBN( CaBN(-s . eday

RTgRTay manRTgRTaydUcCaRskaRtI . edayTis RkckTaMg

Lay duHehIy kñúgTisTaMgLayBIr KW RkckeCIg duHkñúgTisxag

eRkam Rkckéd duHkñúgTisxagelI . edayOkas RkckTaMgLay

taMgenAehIy elIxñgxagcug énRmamédTaMgLay . edaybriecäT

kñúgTisTaMg 3 elakkMNtehIy edaysacxagcugénRmamTaMg

Lay xagkñúg kMNtedaysacxñgénRmaméd xageRkA nig xag

cug kMNtedayOkas xagTTwg kMNtedayRkckdUcKña . kar

kMNt edayn&yza ²RkckTaMgBIr minman kñúgTICamYyKña:neT³

enH CakarkMNtnUvcMENkrbs´xøÜnénRkckTaMgLayenaH . Ékar

kMNt nUvcMENkminesμI R:kdesμI edayskEdr .

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 51

‘eZμj’ ‘155’ Baküza ²eZμjTaMgLay³ KWqÁwgeZμj 32 énbuK<l

GñkmaneZμjRKbRKan . eZμjTaMg 32 enaHÉg edayBN( man

BN(-s . edayRTgRTay manRTg´RTayeRcInRbkar . EmnBit

bNþaeZμjTaMgenaH eZμjTaMgLay 4 RtgkNþal eZμjCYreRkam

mun manRTgRTaydUcCaRKabeXøak EdleKtMer[b tamlMdab elI

dMudIsÁit . TaMgsgxag éneZμjkNþalTaMg 4 enaH eZμjmYy>

manb\smYy mancugmYy manRTgRTaydUcCap,amøiHRkBMu . bnÞab´

mk eZμjmYy> manb\s 2 mancug 2 manRTg´RTay dUcCaeQI

TlreTH . bnÞabBIenaH eZμjTaMgLayBIr> manb\s 3 mancug

3 . bnÞabBIenaH eZμjTaMgLayBIr> manb\s 4 mancug 4

dUecñHÉg . sUm|IkñúgCYreZμjxagelI k*mann&ydUecñHEdr . eday

Tis eZμjTaMgenaH duHehIykñúgTisxagelI . edayOkas eZ μj

TaMgenaH taMgenAehIy RtgqÁwgcg,aTaMg 2 . edaybriecäT eZμj

TaMgenaH elakkMNtehIy xageRkam edayb\srbsxøÜn Edl

taMgenAehIy elIqÁwgcg,a xagelI kMNtedayOkas xagTTwg

kMNt edayKña nig Kña . kiriyakMNt edayn&y za ²eZμjTaMg

Lay 2 minman kñúgTICamYyKña:neT³ enHCakarkMNtnUvcMENk

rbs´xøÜn éneZμjTaMgenaH . ÉkiriyakMNt nUvcMENkminesμIKña

R:kdesμI edayskenaHÉg .

‘Es|k’

Baküza ²Es|k³ KW Es|kEdlrMuB&TÆsrIr;TaMgmUlfitenA .

52 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

Es|ksm|úrézáNa EdlbuK<lTajmkGMBIsrIr;TaMgmUl CaEs|k

sm|úrézá manTMhMbu¨nRKabBuRTa Es|ksm|úrézáenaH manBN(ex μA

BN(sENþk:y nigBN(el]gCaedIm xagelIEs|kenaH . bu¨Enþ

Es|k edayBN( manBN(-s Etmüag . k*PaBénEs|kenaH Ca

Es|kBN(-s nwgR:kd kalebIEs|ksm|úrézáEdlrlakehIy

edayvtæúTaMgLay mankarrlak edayGNþatePøIg nigkarRbhar

edayeRK]gRbharCaedIm . edayRTgRTay Es|k manRTgRTay

dUcsrIr;Edr . enHCaesckþIseg¡b kñúgGZikarénRTg´RTayenH .

‘sNðanEs|kepSg>’

EtebIeBaledayBisþar Es|kénRmameCIg manRTgRTay

dUcCasMbukdg,Úvnag . Es|kxñgeCIg manRTgRTay dUcCaEs|k

eCIgEkgecaT . Es|ks μg manRTgRTay dUcCasøwketñatx©b:y

Es|kePøA manRTgRTaydUczgEvg EdleBjeTAedayGg,r Es|k

RtKak manRTgRTaydUcCasMBttRmg EdleBjedayTwk Es|k

xñg manRTgRTaydUcCaEs|kEdleRsabbnÞHkþar Es|keBaH man

RTgRTaydUcCaEs|k EdleKBassñÚkBiN Es|kRTUg PaKeRcIn

manRTgRTayragbYnRCug Es|keCIgédTaMgBIr manRTgRTaydUcCa

Es|kEdleKeRsabnUvsøabZñÚ Es|kxñgéd manRTgRTaydUcCa

eRsamkaMbiTekarxøH manRTgRTaydUcCaExlxøH Es|kénRmaméd

manRTgRTaydUcCaeRsamkUnesa Es|k-k manRTgRTaydUcCa

kGav Es|kmuxmanRbehagtUc-ZM manRTgRTaydUcsMbukkNþÚb

Es|kk|al manRTgRTaydUcCaesøak:Rt dUecñHÉg .

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 53

‘viZIkMNt´Es|k’

k*ÉRBHeyaKavcr GñkkMNtEs|k Kb|IbJ¢ÚnjaN man

mux eTAxagelI cabedImGMBIbbUrmatxagelIeTA ehIykMNt nUv

Es|kEdlrMuB&TÆmuxehIytaMgenA mundMbUgbgÁs bnÞabGMBIenaHmk

Kb|IkMNtEs|kénqÁwgzáas bnÞabGMBIenaH RBHeyaKI kalbJ¢Ún

jaNeTA tamcenøaHqÁwgk|al nig Es|kk|al dUcCabuK<llUkéd

eTA tamcenøaHén:Rt EdlbuK<lRckehIy kñúgesøak nig tam

cenøaHénesøak yagdUecñaHEdr ehIyEjknUvPaBénEs|kCabKñaEt

mYy CamYynwgqÁwg Kb|IkMNtEs|kk|al bnÞabBIenaH RBHeyaKI

Kb|IkMNtEs|k-k tGMBIenaH Kb|IkMNtEs|kédxagsþaM eday

Gnuelam nig bdielam kalebImanRbkardUecñaH RBHeyaKI Kb|I

kMNtEs|kédxageqVg tamn&yenaHdUcKña tGMBIenaH Kb|IkMNt

Es|kxñgenaHehIy kMNtEs|keCIgxagsþaM edayGnuelam nig

bdielam kalebImanRbkardUecñaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IkMNtEs|k

eCIgxageqVg tamn&yenaHdUcKña tGMBIenaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IkMNt

Es|kRkBHbsSav; Es|keBaH Es|kebHdUg nig Es|k-k tam

lMdabhñwgÉg kalebImanRbkardUecñaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IkMNt nUv

Es|kcg,a EdlmanxageRkam kñúglMdabGMBIEs|k-k rYcehIy

júaMgTIbMputénbbUrmatxageRkam odlehIyoseRmc . kal

RBHeyaKI kMNtnUvEs|kd*eRKatRKat> yagenH sUm|IEs|k d*

lÁit k*rEmgR:kd . edayTis Es|kekItehIykñúgTisTaMgLay

BIr . edayOkas Es|krMuB&TÆsrIr;TaMgmUlehIytaMgenA . eday

54 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

briecäT xageRkam kMNtehIy edayépÞEdltaMgenAehIy xag

elI kMNtehIy edayGakas . enHCakiriyakMNt nUvcMENk

rbs´xøÜn énEs|kenaH . ÉkiriyakMNtnUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kd

esμI edayskEdr .

‘sac´’

‘156’ Baküza ²sac³ KWsac 900 duM . sacTaMgGs´

enaHÉg edayBN( Rkhm RbEhlKñanwgp,acar. edayRTgRTay

sackMPYneCIg manRTgRTaydUcCa:y EdleKx©behIy eday

søwketñat . sac´RTUg manRTgRTay dUcCakUnzμsMel[gkaMbit .

sacRtKak manRTgRTaydUcCaeXñaHeCIgRkan . sacxñgmanRTg´

RTaydUcCaEpnéns,retñat . sacRbCMuénqÁwgCMnIrBIrmanRTgRTay

dUcCakarlabedaydIsÁitd*esþIg RtgépÞénCRguk . sacedaH man

RTgRTay dUcCaduMéndIsÁit EdlbuK<lsUnüehIyBüÜrTuk . sac

RbCMuénedImédTaMgBIr manRTgRTaydUcCakNþúrd*ZM minmanEs|k

EdlbuK<leZVICaBIrCan´ehIy tMklTuk . kalRBHeyaKI kMNt´

nUvsacd*eRKatRKat> yagenH sUm|Isacd*lÁit k*rEmgR:kd .

edayTis sacenaH ekItehIy kñúgTisTaMg 2 . edayOkas

sac EGbnUvqÁwg 300 kMNat minelIs ehIyfitenA . eday

briecäT xageRkam elakkMNtehIy edayépÞEdltaMgenAehIy

kñúgeRKagqÁwg xagelI kMNtehIy edayEs|k TTwg kMNtehIy

edaysacdUcKña . enHCakiriyakMNt nUvcMENkrbsxøÜn énsac

enaH . ÉkiriyakMNtcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

56 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

TaMgLay Rtgxñgéd nig xñgeCIgTaMgLay manRTgRTay dUcCa

eCIgstVsøab . srésTaMgLay elIk|al manRTgRTay dUcCa

sMNajelIk|al énTarkTaMgLay . srésTaMgLay Rtgxñg

manRTgRTay dUcCasMNajTTwk EdleKRtdag BÆd*kMedAézá .

srésTaMgLay EdleTAtamGvyv; tUc-ZM enaH> d*ess man

RTgRTay dUcCaGavERsH EdleKBakehIy elIsrIr; . eday

Tis srésTaMgLay ekItehIy kñuúgTisTaMgBIr . edayOkas

srésTaMgLay cgnUvqÁwgTaMgLay kñúgsrIr;TaMgmUl fitenA .

edaybriecäT xageRkam elakkMNtehIy edayépÞEdlvataMgenA

ehIy xagelI énqÁwg 300 kMNat xagelI kMNtehIy eday

RbeTsEdlvafitenA Tlnwgsac nig Es|kTaMgLay . TTwg

kMNt edaysrésdUcKña . enH CakiriyakMNtnUvcMENk rbs´

xøÜn énsrésenaH . ÉkiriyakMNtnUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμI

edayskEdr .

‘qÁwg’

Baküza ²qÁwgTaMgLay³ KWelIkElgEtqwÁgeZμj 32 ecj

qÁwgd*ess mancMnYn 300 yagdUecñH KW qÁwgédTaMgLay 64 qÁwg

eCIgTaMgLay 64 qÁwgTn´TaMgLayEdlGaRs&ynUvsac 64 qÁwg

EkgTaMgLay 2 RtgeCIgnimYy> qÁwgEPñkeKaTaMgLayBIr > qÁwg

sμgTaMgLay 2 qwÁgCg<g 1 qwÁgePøA 1 qÁwg ceg,H 2 qÁwgRTnugxñg

TaMgLay 18 qÁwgCMnIrTaMgLay 24 qwÁgRTUgTaMgLay 14 qwÁg

ebHdUg 1 qwÁgdgkaMbitTaMgLay 2 qwÁgc|akTaMgLay 2 qwÁg

visuTÆimK< ERb 55

‘srés’

Baküza ²srés³ :ndl srés 9 ry . edayB(N

srésTaMgGs CaBN(-s . edayRTg´RTay srésTaMgLay

manRTgRTayepSg> . EmnBit bNþasrésTaMgenaH srésZM

TaMgLay EdlrYmrwtnUvsrIr; cabedImGMBIEpñkxagelI én k qøg

cuHehIy tamEpñkxagmux ‘man’ 5ç srésZMTaMgLay tamEpñk

xageRkay 5ç tamEpñkxagsþaM k* 5ç tamEpñkxageqVg k* 5ç

srésZMTaMgLay sUm|IEdlrYmrwtnUvédxagsþaM tamEpñkxagmux

énéd k* 5ç tamEpñkxageRkay énéd k* 5ç srésZMTaMgLay

sUm|IEdlrYmrwtnUvédxageqVg k*dUcKñaEdrç sUm|IEdlrYmrwt nUveCIg

xagsþaM tamEpñkxagmuxéneCIg k* 5ç tamEpñkxageRkayeCIg k*

5ç srésZMTaMgLay sUm|IEdlrYmrwtnUveCIgxageqVg k*dUecñaHEdr

y¨agdUecñHÉg srésZMTaMgLay 60 eQμaHza srésRTRTg nUv

srIr; rYmrwtnUvkay qøgcuHehIy . srésTaMgLayNa Edl

elakehAza srésBYr dUecñHk*manç sUm|IsrésTaMgGsenaH man

RTgRTaydUcCalMBgénedImrun . cMENkxagsrésTaMgLaydéT

RKbsg,t nUvRbeTsenaH> ehIyfitenA . srésTaMgLayEdl

lÁit edayviessCagsrésenaH manRTg´RTaydUcCaExSGMe:H .

srésTaMgLay déTeT[t EdllÁitedayviessCagsrésenaH

manRTgRTay dUcCavløi¾epamhñwgÉg . srésTaMgLaydéT lÁit

edayviessCagsrésenaH manRTgRTay dUcCaExSBiNd*ZM .

srésTaMgLaydéT manRTgRTay dUcCaGMe:Hezøas . srés

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 57

edImédTaMgLay 2 qwÁgcugedImédBIr > qwÁg-k 7 qÁwgcg,a 2 qwÁg

RcmuH 1 qwÁgEPñk 2 qwÁgsøwkRtec[k 2 qwÁgzáas 1 qwÁgbegØIy 1

qwÁgGMEbgk|al 9 .

qwÁgTaMgGs´enaH edayBN( KWBN(-s . edayRTgRTay

qÁwgTaMgLay manRTgRTayepSg> . EmnBit bNþaqwÁgTaMgenaH

qwÁgRmaméncugeCIgTaMgLay manRTgRTaydUcCaRKabQUk . qwÁg

zñaMgRtgkNþal lMdabGMBIqwÁgRmameCIgenaH manRTgRTaydUcCa

RKabxñúr . qwÁgzñaMgRtgKl manRTgRTaydUcCaxøúy . qwÁgxñgeCIg

TaMgLay manRTgRTaydUcCaKMnrénb\srunEdleKdMehIy . qwÁg

Ekg manRTgRTaydUcCaRKabEpøetñat manRKabmYy . qwÁgEPñkeKa

manRTgRTaydUcCaEpøGg<új sMrabelgEdleKcgehIy . TIén

qwÁgs μgTaMgLay EdltaMgenAehIy elIqwÁgEPñkeKaTaMgLay man

RTgRTaydUcCalMBgepþA EdlbuK<lsksMbkecjehIy . qwÁg

sμgtUc manRTgRTaydUcCadgZñÚtUc . qwÁgs μgZM manRTgRTay

dUcCaxñgBss<m . qwÁgCg<g manRTgRTaydUcBBuHTwkEqbm¡ag .

TIénqwÁgs μgEdltaMgenAehIy elIqwÁgCg<gTaMgLayenaH manRTg

RTaydUcCaEsñgeKa EdlmancugdactμilehIy . qwÁgePøA manRTg

RTaydUcdgkaMbit nig bUvezA EdleKRcasehIymin:nsÁat .

TItaMgénqwÁgePøAenaH taMgenAehIy RtgqwÁgceg,H manRTgRTaydUc

CaEpøGg<újsMrabelg . TIénqwÁgceg,HEdlqwÁgePøAenaHtaMgenA man

RTgRTaydUcCaEpøRkUc EdleKcitehIyRtgk|al . qwÁgceg,HTaMg

Lay 2 CabKñaEtmYy manRTgRTaydUcCac®g,ansμÚnqñaMg epSg

58 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

edayELk manRTgRTaydUcCaRkcabCagmas . qwÁgRtKakEdl

taMgenA Rtgxagcug manRTgRTaydUcCaBBarBs EdlbuK<l

cab eZVIomanmuxcuHeRkamehIy manRbehagtUc-ZM kñúgTI 7 ß 8

kEnøg . qwÁgRTnugxñgTaMgLay BÆd*xagkñúg manRTgRTaydUcCaduM

énpÞaMgsMNPk EdlbuK<ldakxagelI> xageRkA manRTgRTay

dUcCaExSlYsEdlmUl . kñúgcenøaH> énqÁwgRTnugxñgTaMgenaH qwÁg

RTnugxñgBIrbIR:kdesμIedayeZμjrNar . bNþaqwÁgCMnIrTaMgLay

24 qwÁgCMnIrEdlmineBj manRTgRTaydUcCakeNþ{vEqb qÁwgCMnIr

TaMgLayEdleBj manRTgRTaydUckeNþ{veBjç qwÁgCMnIrTaMg

Gs manRTgRTaydUcCasøabkagénman-s . qwÁg®TUgTaMgLay

14 manRTgRTaydUcCaERKEsñgsøabRKuDcas . qwÁgebHdUg man

RTgRTaydUcCaEpøEvk . qwÁgdgkaMbitTaMgLay manRTgRTaydUc

CadgkaMbittUc Cavikar;énelah; . qwÁgc|akTaMgLay manRTg´

RTay dUcCacbkabénsIhL; EdlEqbehIymYycMeh[g . qwÁg

edImédTaMgLay manRTgRTaydUcCaRkbénkJ©k . qwÁgcugénedIm

édTaMgLay manRTgRTaydUcCab\setñatTaMgKU . qwÁgénkédTaMg

Lay manRTgRTaydUcCadMu énbnÞHsMNPk EdlbuK<lrMlay

kñúgTICamYyKñaehIytMkl´Tuk . qwÁgxñgédTaMgLay manRTgRTay

dUcCaKMnr énb\srun EdleKdMehIy . qÁwgzñaMg énKlRmamédTaMg

Lay manRTgRTaydUcCaxøúy . qwÁgRtgzñaMgkNþalTaMgLay

manRTgRTay dUcCaRKabxñúrEqb . qwÁgRtgzñaMgxagcugTaMgLay

manRTgRTaydUcCaRKabQUk . qÁwg-k TaMgLay 7 kg manRTg

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

60 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

qÁwgEPñkeKaTaMgLay taMgenAehIy elIqÁwgxñgeCIgTaMgLay .

edaybriecäT xagkñúg elakkMNtehIy edayxYrkñúgqÁwg xagelI

kMNt edaysac Rtgcug nig RtgKl kMNt edayqÁwgdUcKña .

enH CakiriyakMNt nUvcMENkrbsxøÜn énqÁwgTaMgenaH . Ékiriya

kMNt nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

‘xYrkúñgqwÁg’

Baküza ²xYrkñúgqÁwg³ KW xYrEdltaMgenAehIy xagkúñugénqÁwg

TaMgLayenaH> . xYrkñúgqÁwgenaH edayBN( CaBN(-s . eday

RTgRTay xYrkñúgqÁwgenaH taMgenA xagkñúg énqÁwgTaMgLayZM> man

RTgRTaydUcCacugepþAd*ZM EdlbuK<leralehIydakcUl kñúgbMBg

b\sSI taMgenAehIy xagkñúg énqÁwgTaMgLaytUc> manRTgRTay

dUcCacugepþAd*tUc EdleKeralehIy dakcUleTA kñúgzñaMg énb\sSI

TaMgLay . edayTis xYrkñúgqÁwg ekItehIy kñúgTisTaMgBIr .

edayOkas xYrkñúgqÁwg taMgenAehIy BÆd*xagkñuúgénqÁwgTaMgLay .

edaybriecäT elakkMNtehIy edayépÞxagkñúgénqÁwgTaMgLay .

enH CakiriyakMNtnUvcMENkrbsxøÜn énxYrkñúgqÁwgenaH . Ékiriya

kMNt nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

‘tMrgbsSav;’

‘157’ Baküza ²vk,M tMrgbsSav;³ KW dMusacTaMgLay 2

manTgEtmYy . tMrgbsSav;enaH edayBN( manBN(RkhmTn´

dUcBN(RKabrlYs:y . edayRTgRTay manRTgRTaydUcCa

RKabEpøGg<újsMrabelgTaMgKU énekμgTaMgLay ß ßza manRTg

visuTÆimK< ERb 59

RTaydUcCakgénTMBaMg EdlbuK<ledat edaykMNateQI ehIy

tMkl´Tuk tamlMdab . qwÁgcg,a xageRkam manRTgRTaydUcCa

RkcabEdkénBYkCagmas . qwÁgcg,a xagelI manRTgRTay dUc

CakaMbitsMrablYsnUvGMeBA . qwÁgRbehagEPñk nig RbehagRcmuH

TaMgLay manRTgRTaydUcCaRKabetñatx©I RtUveKyksacecj

GsehIy . qwÁgzáas manRTgRTaydUcCaGMEbgénsMbkxügEdl

eKp,abehIy tMklTuk . qwÁgKum¬Rtec[kTaMgLay manRTgRTay

dUcCaeRsamkaMbitekar énx μanRBHeks . qwÁg kñúgOkasEdlCab´

Kña BÆd*xagelI énzáas nig Kum¬Rtec[kTaMgLay manRTgRTay

dUcCaekÁgénkÁmmanTwkeBj EdlbuK<lp,abcuHehIy . qwÁgbegØIy

manRTgRTay dUcCallad¾Evk Edlmanmatp,abehIy . qwÁg

k|alTaMgLay manRTg´RTaydUcCallad¾eXøakcas´ EdleK

edrehIy tMklTuk .

edayTis qwÁgTaMgLay ekItehIykñúgTisTaMgBIr . eday

Okas qÁwgTaMgLay taMgenAehIy kñúgsrIr;TaMgmUl edaymin

EbøkKña . bu¨EnþedayesckþIEbøkKña bNþaqÁwgTaMgLaynu@H qÁwgk|al

taMgenAehIy RtgqÁwg-k TaMgLay . qÁwg-k TaMgLay taMgenA

ehIy elIqÁwgRTnugxñgTaMgLay . qÁwgRTnugxñgTaMgLay taMgenA

ehIy elIqÁwgceg,HTaMgLay . qÁwgceg,HTaMgLay taMgenAehIy

elIqÁwgePøATaMgLay. qÁwgePøATaMgLay taMgenAehIy elIqÁwgCg<g´

TaMgLay . qÁwgCg<gTaMgLay taMgenAehIy elIqÁwgs μgTaMg

Lay qÁwgsμgTaMgLay taMgenAehIy elIqÁwgEPñkeKaTaMgLay .

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 61

RTaydUcCaEpøsVayERBk EdlCabenAnwgTgEtmYy . edayTis

ekItehIy kñúgTisxagelI . edayOkas tMrgbsSav;enaH Ca

ZmμCatCab´CamYyKña edaysrésd*ezøas Edlel[necjmkGMBI

bMBg-k ehIyeTAbnþic edayKlEtmYy ehIyEbkeTACaBIr ruMB&TÆ

sacénebHdUg ehIyfitenA . edaybriecäT tMrgbsSav; elak

kMNtehIy edaycMENkéntMrgbsSav; . enH CakiriyakMNt

nUvcMENkrbsxøÜn éntMrgbsSav;enaH . ÉkiriyakMNtnUvcMENk

minesμIKña R:kdesμI edayskEdr .

‘ebHdUg’

Baküza ²ebHdUg³ KWsacebHdUg . sacebHdUgenaH eday

BN( CaBN(Rkhm manBN(dUcCaBN(xñgRtbkQUk . eday

RTgRTay ebHdUgenaH manRTgRTaydUcCaRkBMup,aQUk EdleKbk

nUvsMbkxageRkATaMgLay ecjehIytMkl´Tuk omanmuxeTAxag

eRkam manxageRkArlIg xagkñuúg dUcCaxagkñúgénEpønenag sMrab´

buK<lTaMgLayEdlmanR:C\a rIkbnþic sMrabbuK<lTaMgLay Gñk

manR:C\aTn ekþabeTAvijhñwgÉg . mYyeT[t xagkñúgebHdUgenaH

manreNþA TMhMGacdakRKabbusSnaK:n CaTIdkenA énQam

RbmaNknøHTUkéd EdlmenaZatu nig menaviJ¦aNZatu GaRs&y

ehIyRbRBwtþeTAç k*QamenHenaH sMrabmnusSraKcrit CaQam

BN(Rkhm sRmabmnusSeTascrit CaQamBN(exμA sMrab

mnusSemahcrit CaQamBN(dUcCaTwksMrablagsac sRmab´

mnusSvitk,crit CaQammanBN( dUcCasacBBayRCug sMrab

62 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

mnusSsTÆacrit CaQammanBN(dUcCap,akNiÑkar sMrabmnusS

bJ¦acrit CaQamminlÁk sÁat zøa s brisuTÆ ß manBnøÅR:kd

dUcCaEkvmNICati EdlbuK<lécñehIy . edayTis ebHdUgenaH

ekItehIykñúgTisxagelI . edayOkas ebHdUgenaH fitenAehIy

RtgkNþal énedaHTaMgLayBIr xagkñúgénsrIr; . edaybriecäT

ebHdUg elakkMNtehIy edaycMENkénebHdUg . enHCakiriya

kMNt nUvcMENkrbsxøÜn énebHdUgenaH . ÉkiriyakMNt nUv

cMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμI edayskEdr .

‘ezøIm’

Baküza ²ezøIm³ KW dM:rénsacTaMgKU . edayBN( ezøIm

enaH manBN(Rkhm RbkbedayZatumanBN(el]g CaBN(min

RkhméRkeBk manBN(dUcCaxñg énRtbkp,aQUkRkhm . eday

RTgRTay RtgKl´ mYyduM RtgcugCaKU manRTgRTay dUcCasøwk

rlYspÁúg . mYyeT[t ezøImenaH sMrabmnusSlágTaMgLay Ca

ZmμCatZM manEtmYyKtbu¨eNÑaHÉg . sMrabmnusS manbJ¦aTaMg

Lay CadMutUc> manBIr ß bI k*man . edayTis ezøImenaH ekIt

ehIy kñúgTisxagelI . edayOkas ezøImenaH taMgenAehIy

GaRs&ynUvEpñkxagsþaM xagkñúgénedaHTaMgBIr . edaybriecäT ezøIm

elakkMNtehIy edaycMENkénezøIm . enH CakiriyakMNt nUv

cMENkrbsxøÜn énezøImenaH . ÉkiriyakMNt nUvcMENkminesμIKña

R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

‘vav’

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

64 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

ÉkiriyakMNt nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

‘sYt’

Baküza ²sYt³ KWsacsYtmanRbePT 32 kMNat . sYt

enaH edayBN( CaBN(Rkhm manRTgRTaydUcCaEpøóTum¬r Edl

enARsKal . edayRTgRTay sYtenaH manRTgRTaydUcCaduMénnM

d*Rkas´ EdleKkatehIyminesμI vaminmanrsCat minmanOCa

dUcCadMu énsøwkeQIEdlbuK<lTMBaehIy eRBaHPaBénsYtenaH Ca

vtæúEdlcMhayéneteCaZatuEdlekItGMBIkmμ puseLIgehIy kMcat´

bgecal eRBaHBÆd*xagkñúg vaminmanvtæúEdlRtUvsIucUleTA nig vtæú

EdlRtUvpwkcUleTAeLIy . edayTis sYt ekItehIy kñúgTis

xagelI . edayOkas sYtenaH biT:MgnUvebHdUg nig ezøIm xag

elI ehIytaMgenAsMyugcuH RtgcenøaH énedaHTaMgBIr BÆd*xagkñúg

énsrIr; . edaybriecäT sYt elakkMNtehIy edaycMENk

énsYt . enHCakiriyakMNt nUvcMENkrbsxøÜn énsYtenaH .

ÉkiriyakMNt nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

‘eBaHev[nZM’

Baküza ²eBaHev[nZM³ :ndl ExSeBaHev[nZM rbsmnusS

RbusmanRbEvg 32 htæ rbs®sþI manRbEvg 28 htæ btev[n

cuHeLIg kñúgTITaMgLay 21 pñt . eBaHev[nZMenHenaH edayB(N

CaBN(-s manBN(dUcCakMe:r layedayRkYs . edayRTg

RTay eBaHev[nZM manRTg´RTaydUcCaBs Edldack|al RtUveK

bMeBnehIy tMkl´Tuk kñúgsñÚkénQam . edayTis ekItehIy

visuTÆimK< ERb 63

‘158’ Baküza ²vav³ :ndl sacsRmabruMB&TÆ man 2

y¨ag edayRbePTEdlbiT:Mg nig minbiT:Mg . vavTaMgBIrenaH

Ég edayBN( CaBN(-s manBN(dUcCakMNatsMBtBIrCan .

edayRTgRTay manRTgRTaydUcCaOkasrbsxøÜn . edayTis

vavEdlbiT:Mg ekItehIy kñúgTisxagelI vaveRkAenH ekItehIy

kñúgTisTaMgLayBIr . edayOkas vavEdlbiT:Mg biT:MgnUv

ebHdUg nig tMrgbsSav;ehIytaMgenAç vavEdlminbiT:Mg ruMB&TÆnUv

sac GMBITIxageRkaménEs|k kñúgsrIr;TaMgmUl ehIytaMgenA .

edaybriecäT xageRkam elakkMNtehIy edaysac xagelI

kMNtedayEs|k TTwg kMNt edaycMENkénvav . enHKWCa

kiriyakMNt nUvcMENkrbsxøÜn énvavenaH . rIÉkiriyakMNt

nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

‘RkBH’

Baküza ²RkBH³ :ndl sacmanRTgRTaydUcCaGNþat

kñúgeBaH . RkBHenaH edayBN( CaBN(ex[v manBN(dUcCap,a

edImKnÞIs . edayRTgRTay manRTgRTaydUcCaGNþatkUneKa

ex μA manTgRbEvg 7 Zñab . edayTis RkBHenaH ekItehIy kñúg

TisxagelI . edayOkas RkBHenaH fitenAGaRs&ynUvxagCaTI

bMput éndM:reBaH kñuúgEpñkxageqVgénebHdUg . kalebIRkBHel[n

ecjmkxageRkA eRBaHkarRbharedayeRK]gRbharehIy stVTaMg

Lay k*nwgGsCIvit . edaybriecäT elakkMNt edaycMENk

énRkBH . enHCakiriyakMNt nUvcMENkrbsxøÜn énRkBHenaH .

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 65

kñúgTisTaMgLayBIr . edayOkas eBaHev[nZM taMgenA xagkñúg

srIr; kñúgTIbMputénbMBg-k nig pøÚvénkrIs; eRBaHxagelIeBaHev[n

ZMenaH CabenARtgbMBg-k pg xageRkam RtgpøÚvénkrIs;pg .

edaybriecäT elakkMNtehIy edaycMENkéneBaHev[nZM . enH

CakiriyakMNt nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn éneBaHev[nZMenaH . Ékiriya

kMNtnUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

‘eBaHev[ntUc’

‘159’ Baküza ²eBaHev[ntUc³ KWeBaHev[nCaeRK]gcg kñúg

TIéncgVayeBaHev[nZMTaMgLy . eBaHev[ntUcenaH edayBN( Ca

BN(-s manBN(dUcCab\séncg,úlNI . edayRTgRTay man

RTgRTaydUcCab\séncg,úlNIhñwgÉg . edayTis ekItehIykñúg

TisTaMgLayBIr . edayOkas eBaHev[nTUcenaH cgehIy nUv

cgVayeBaHev[nZM omanTIbMputxagcug kñúgTICamYyKña dUcCaExS

énynþcgnUvEpnkþar énynþTaMgLay kñúgeBlEdlBYkCag eZVIkic©

karTaMgLay mankargarkabedaycb nig bU¨vezACaedIm TajnUv

ynþ taMgenAehIy kñúgcenøaH éncgVayeBaHev[nZMTaMg 21 cgVay

dUcCaExStUcEdledrnUveBaHev[nZMenaH kñúgcenøaHénmNÐl RTnab´

sMrabCUteCIgyagenaHÉg ehIytaMgenA . edaybriecäT eBaHev[n

TUcenaH elakkMNtehIy edaycMENkéneBaHev[nTUc . enHCa

kiriyakMNt nUvcMENkrbsxøÜn éneBaHev[ntUcenaH . Ékiriya

kMNt nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμI edayskEdr .

‘GaharzμI’

66 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

vtæúEdlbuK<lsuI pwk TMBasIu nig liD manenA kñúgeBaH

eQμaHza GaharzμI . GaharzμIenaH edayBN( manBN(dUcCa

Gahar EdlelbcUleTA . edayRTg´RTay manRTgRTaydUcCa

Gg,r EdlbuK<levcehIyyagZUr kñúgsMBttMrgTwk . edayTis

taMgenA kñúgTisxagelI . edayOkas fitenA kñúgeBaH .

‘eBaH’

eQμaHza eBaH KWGvyv;EdlruMB&TÆnUgeBaHev[nZM R:kdes μI

edaykare:gEdlekItRBm RtgkNþalénsMBtTTwk EdlbuK<l

rYmxagTaMgBIr xageRkA rlIg xagkñúg R:kdesμIedaysMBtEdl

x©bnUvTwkrdUv RbLakedayeRK]grMunUvkaksac kareBalza ² ‘xag

kñúgóTrenaH’ R:kdesμIedayxagkñúg énsMbkxñúrEdlsÁúy³ dUecñH

xøH k*KYr . dg,ÚvTaMgLay man 32 hÚVg manCaGaTi¾ yagenHdUecñH

KW dg,ÚvTaMgLay eQμaHtek,adk; 1 eQμaHKNÐúb|aTk; 1 eQμaH

talhIrk; 1 eQμaHsUcimuxk; 1 eQμaHbdtnþÚ 1 eQμaHsutþk;1

CastVBBakBBUnelIKña eRtceTACaBYk> enAGaRs&ykñúgeBaHç BYk

dg,Úv kalebIvtæúman:y nig TwkCaedIm minman k*ke®J¢aleLIg

ERskCJ¢knUvsacebHdUg nig kñúgeBlEdlbuK<lelb nUvGahar

manTwk nig ePaCnCaedImcUleTA vamanmateTA BÆd*xagelI rvIm

rvam CEJ¢gKña nUvBMnUtBIrbIBMnUt EdlbuK<lelbcUleTA CadMbUgç

eBaH dUcCapÞHCaTIekIt Cavc©kudi CamnÞIreBTü nig CaéRBsμsan

rbs´dg,ÚvTaMgLayenaHç kñúgeBaH vtæúmanTwk nig ePaCnCaedImman

RbkarepSg> EdlGERgKWeZμjlMGitehIy Edléd KWGNþatpat

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

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68 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

Cars ehIycUleTA TMnukbMrugnUvvtæúmanQam nig sacCaedIm .

edaybriecäT eBaHenaH elakkMNtehIy edaydM:réneBaHhñwg

Ég nig edaycMENkénGaharzμIpgEdr . enH CakiriyakMNtnUv

cMENkrbsxøÜn éneBaHenaH . ÉkiriyakMNt nUvcMENkminesμIKña

R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

‘Gaharcas´’

óc©ar; eQμaHza Gaharcas . GaharcasenaH edayB(N

manBN(dUcCaGahar EdlbuK<lelbcUleTAehIyhñwgÉg eday

eRcIn . edayRTgRTay manRTgRTaydUcCaOkas . edayTis

ekItehIy kñúgTisxageRkam . edayOkas fitenAehIykñúgRkBH

énGaharcas . eQμaHza RkBHénGaharcas´ R:kdesμIeday

bMBgb\sSI kMBsRbEvg 8 Gg<úlI fitenA kñúgTIbMputéneBaHev[nZM

kñúgcenøaH énp©itxageRkam nig KlénRTnugxñgTaMgLayç vtæúman

Twk nig ePaCnCaedIm ÉNamYy EdlZøakcuHehIy kñúgRkBH én

GaharzμI EdlePøIgkñúgeBaH cMGinehIy> opuseLIgCaBBuH dl

ehIy nUvPaBCarbslÁit dUcCakinedayzμkin ehIyhUrcuHtamrnÆ

éneBaHev[nZM sg,tenAelIKña dUcCadIsÁitBN(el]g EdlbuK<l

Rc:cdakcUleTA kñúgzñaMgb\sSI taMgenAkñúgRkBH énGaharcas´

dUcCaTwkePø{gEdlZøakcuHehIy kñúgPUmiPaKBÆd*xagelI hUrcuHehIy

júaMgPUmiPaKxageRkam oeBjeRb[behIytaMgenA yagenaHÉg .

edaybriecäT GaharcasenaH elakkMNtehIy eday

dM:rénRkBH énGaharcaspg edaycMENk énkrIs;pgEdr .

visuTÆimK< ERb 67

RbmUlehIy B&nÆB&TÆehIyedaydMuTwkmat kñuúgxN;enaH vaCarbs

dlRBmedayvtæúmanBN( køin nig rsCaedIm eTAR:sehIy dUc

Twk:yénCagtm|aj nig kMGYtEqÁ ZøakcuHehIy CavtæúruMB&TÆeday

Rbmat esøsμ nig xül CavtæúBuHehIy edaykMLaMg énkMedAePøIg

kñúgeBaH vwkvr edayhVÚgdg,Úv beJ©jnUvBBuH nig kMeBjTaMgLay

BÆd*xagelI> dlnUvPav;CakaksMNlEdlmankøinGaRkk nig KYr

ex¬IméRkeBk fitenA ‘kñúgeBaH’ manóbmadUcCa kalebIePø{g man

RKabd*ezøas bgÁúrcuH kñúgniTaXsm&y‘rdUvekþA’ CasaksBepSg>

cabedImGMBImURt krIs; kMNatEs|k kMNatqÁwg kMNatsrés

Twkmat TwksMe:r nig Qam KWTwkbnSatmk ZøakcuH kñúgreNþA

RCaM Ek|rTVarRsukénmnusScNÐal RbLÚkRbLakehIy edayPk´

nig Twk GMeNIHBIrbIézámk manhÚVgdg,Úv ekItRBmeLIg BuHehIy

edaykMLaMgénkMedARBHGaTitüdutehIy beJ©jnUvBBuH nigkMeBj

TaMgLay BÆd*xagelI manBN(ex[véRkeBk mankøinsÁúyéRkElg

KWbuK<lKYrex¬Im dlnUvPaBCarUb minKYredIrcUleTACit minKYredIm|I

eXIjeLIy taMgenA nwgcaM:ceBaleTAzVI dlkarhit ß karliD

dUecñaHÉg . PaBénkarminKabcitþ kñúgvtæúTaMgLay manTwk nig

ePaCnCaedIm rEmgekIteLIg eRBaH»nUveBaH caM:ceBaleTAzVI

eRBaHBicarNaeXIj edaybJ¦ackú¡ . mYyeT[t vtúæmanTwk nig

ePaCnCaedIm EdlZøakcUlehIy kñúgeBaH dlnUvkarEbgEckCa

5 cMENk KWBYkstVTMBasIumYycMENk ePøIgkñúgeBaHdutmYycMENk

cMENkmYyCaTwkmURt cMENkmYyCakrIs; cMENkmYydlnUvPaB

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visuTÆimK< ERb 69

enH CakiriyakMNt nUvcMENkrbsxøÜn énGaharcas´enaH . É

kiriyakMNt nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμI edayskEdr .

‘xYrkñúgk|al’

KMnrénxYrEdltaMgenA kñúgllad¾k|al eQμaHza xYrkñúg

k|al . xYrkñúgk|alenaH edayBN( CaBN(-s manBN(dUcCa

dMuénpSitk|alBs . kareBalza ²manBN(dUcCaTwkedaHRss´

xUc EdlmindlnUvPaBCaTwkedaHCUr³ dUecñHxøHk*KYrEdr . edayRTg

RTay manRTgRTaytamOkas . edayTis ekIt kñúgTisxag

elI . edayOkas xYrkñúgk|alenaH GaRs&ysERgkTaMgLay 4

taMgenACMuKñaehIy xagkñúgénllad¾k|al bIdUcCaduMénemSA 4 duM

EdleKRbmUlTukCMuKña yagenaHÉg . edaybriecäT xYrkñúgk|al

elakkMNt edayépÞxagkñúg énllad¾k|al nig edaycMENk

énxYrkñúgk|alpg . enHCakiriyakMNt nUvcMENkrbsxøÜn énxYr

kñúgk|alenaH . ÉkiriyakMNt nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμI

edayskEdr .

‘Rbmat´’

‘160’ Baküza ²Rbmat³ KW Rbmatman 2 KW Rbmatman

eRsam 1 RbmatminmaneRsam 1 . bNþaRbmatTaMgenaH Rbmat´

maneRsam edayBN( manBN(dUcCaeRbgRsKMxab Rbmatmin

maneRsam manBN(dUcCap,aBkulsVit . edayRTgRTay Rbmat

TaMg 2 manRTgRTaytamOkas . edayTis RbmatmaneRsam

ekIt kñúgTisxagelI Rbmat«teRsam ekItkñúgTisTaMgLay 2 .

70 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

edayOkas RbmatminmaneRsam elIkElgnUvTIEdlputRsLH

caksac énsk eram eZμj nig RkckTaMgLaypg nUvEs|kTaMg

rwgTaMgsáÜtpg RCYtRCabeTAkansrIr;d*essehIytaMgenA dUcCa

tMNkeRbg RCYtRCabnUvTwk yagenaHÉg kalebIRbmatminman

eRsamkMerIkehIy EPñkTaMgLayénstVTaMgLay CaZm μCatel]g

RsvaMg xøÜnjabj&r rmas . RbmatmaneRsam fitenAehIykñúg

eRsamRbmat EdldUcCasMbknenagéRBd*ZM GaRs&ynUvsacezøIm

ehIytaMgenA kñuúgcenøaHénebHdUg nig sYt kalebIRbmatEdlman

eRsam kMerIkehIy stVTaMgLay nwgeTACaq,Üt mancitþrevIrvay

lHbgecalnUvhiri nig Otþb|; eZVInUvGMeBIEdleKminKYreZVI niyay

BaküEdleKminKYrniyay KitnUver]gEdlbuK<lminKYrKit. eday

briecäT RbmatenaH elakkMNtehIy edaycMENkénRbmat .

enH CakiriyakMNt nUvcMENkrbsxøÜn énRbmatenaH . Ékiriya

kMNtnUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

‘esøsμ’ Baküza ²esøsμ³ KW esøs μEdlmanRbmaNeBjmYy:Rt

xagkñúgénsrIr; . esøsμenaH edayBN( manBN(-s manB(N

bIdUcCaTwk énsøwkxÞwmxab . edayRTgRTay manRTgRTaytam

Okas . edayTis ekIt kñúgTisxagelI . edayOkas taMgenA

ehIy kñuúgdM:réneBaH esøs μ kñúgeBlbuK<lelbnUvGaharmanTwk

nig ePaCnCaedIm kalebITwk nig ePaCnCaedIm ZøakcUleTA va

EbkeTACaBIrcMENk RKbCitCMuvij fitenAtamedIm manóbmadUcCa

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72 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

manbUs nig pþÜcCaedIm ekIteLIg kñúgsrIrb|eTsNa> xÞúH k*taMg

enAkñúgsrIrb|eTsenaH> . edaybriecäT xÞúHenaHelakkMNtehIy

edaycMENkénxÞúH . enHCakarkMNt nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn énxÞúH

enaH . ÉkarkMNtnUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

‘Qam’

Baküza ²Qam³ KW Qamman 2 yag KW; Qamxab 1

Qamrav 1 . bNþaQamTaMgBIrenaH Qamxab edayBN( man

BN(dUcCaTwkl&k¡ EdlbuK<lcMGinxab Qamrav manBN(dUcCa

Twkl&k¡d*zøa . edayRTgRTay QamTaMgBIr manRTgRTay tam

Okas . edayTis Qamxab´ ekItehIy kñúgTisxagelI Qam

eRkAenH ekItkñúgTisTaMgLayBIr . edayOkas Qamrav elITuk

nUvTIbMputcaksac énsk eram eZμj nig RkckTaMgLaypg nUv

Es|kTaMgrwgTaMgsáÜtpg pSayeTAkanó:TinñksrIr;TaMgGsehIy

taMgenA tamExSbNþajénsrés Qamxab júaMgcMENkxag

eRkaménTItaMgénezøImoeBjehIy manRbmaNeBjmYy:Rt hUr

ecjbnþic> xagelI éntMrgbsSav; ebHdUg ezøIm nig sYt júaMg

tMrgbsSav; ebHdUg ezøIm nig sYtTaMgLay oesImfitenA eRBaH

za kalebIQamenaH minjúaMgGakar;TaMgLay mantMrgbsSav;

ebHdUgCaedIm oesImeT stVTaMgLay k*nwgeRskXøan . eday

briecäT QamenaH elakkMNtehIyedaycMENkénQam . enH

CakiriyakMNt nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜnénQamenaH . ÉkiriyakMNt

nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

visuTÆimK< ERb 71

saray nig ck kñúgTwk kalebIkMNateQI ß ek|}g ZøakcuHeTA

k*EbkCaBIrcMENk RKbCMuCitehIytaMgenA dUcedImvij dUecñaHÉg .

mYyeT[t kalebIesøs μ mantictYc eBaH CaZmμCat mankøindUcCa

saksB EdlKYrex¬IméRkElg dUcCabUsEdlTMu‘Zøay’pg dUcCa

BgmansÁúypg mankøinsÁuúyKYrex¬Im dUecñaHEdr . mYyeT[t eRBaH

køinEdlekIteLIgehIy GMBIeBaHenaH TaMgkarePIreLIg TaMgmat k*

mankøinsÁúy dUcCasaksBEdlmankøinsÁúy . mYyeT[t burs

enaH nwgdlnUvPaBCaGñkKWeKeBal ‘edj’ za ²cUrGñkec[secj

eTA GñkpSaynUvkøinminlÁ³ dUecñH . mYyeT[t esøs μ cMerIneLIg

dlnUvPaBCarbs´xab biTkøinénsaksBCit BÆd*xagkñuúg éndM:r

eBaHhñwgÉg ehIyfitenA dUcCakþarKRmbvc©kudi . edaybriecäT

esøs μenaH elakkMNtehIyedaycMENkénesøs μ . enHCakiriya

kMNtnUvcMENkrbsxøÜn énesøs μenaH . ÉkiriyakMNtnUvcMENk

minesμIKña R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

‘xÞúH’

Baküza ²xÞúH³ KW xÞúHenaH manBN(dUcCasøwkeQIel]g . Et

kñúgsrIr;mnusSEdlsøabehIy xÞúHmanBN(dUcCaTwk:ypÁÚmxab.

edayRTgRTay manRTgRTaytamOkas . edayTis mankñúg

TisTaMgLayBIr . ebIeBaltamOkas ZmμtaOkasénxÞúH CabCa

nic© minman xÞúHenaH kkehIyfitenA kñúgOkas . k*kalebIsrIr-

b|eTs EdlvtæúTaMgLaymandg<t bnøa eRK]gRbhar nigGNþat

ePøIgCaedIm bHTg<icehIy QamedarehIyBg ßk* BkTaMgLay

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visuTÆimK< ERb 73

‘ejIs’

Baküza ²ejIs³ KW ZatuTwkEdlhUrecj GMBIrnÆTaMgLay

manrnÆeramCaedIm . ejIsenaH edayBN( manBN(dUcCaeRbglá

d*zøa . edayRTgRTay manRTgRTaytamOkas. edayTis ekIt

kñúgTisTaMgLayBIr . edayOkas ejIsenaH Kb|IfitenA sBV>

kal dUcCaQam kñúgOkasNa Zm μtaOkasénejIs CabCanic©

enaH minman . k*kñúgkalNa srIr; sÁúHsÁabGMBIehtuTaMgLay

mankMedAePøIg kMedARBHGaTitü nig karERbRbYlrdUvCaedIm kñúgkal

enaH ejIs k*hUrecj GMBIcenøaH énrnÆsk nig eramTaMgBYg dUc

Ca:cénTgQUk RKanEtbuK<ldkehIy GMBITwk manRkeGA nig

b\s dacminesμIKña eRBaHehtuenaH sUm|IRTgRTay énejIsenaH

bNÐitKb|IRCab edayGMNacéncenøaHénrnÆsk nigeramhñwgÉg .

k*RBHeyaKI GñkkMNtnUvejIs Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþnUvejIs eday

GMNacénejIsEdljúaMgcenøaH énrnÆsk nig eram oeBjehIy

fitenAhñwgÉg . edaybriecäT ejIs elakkMNtehIy eday

cMENkénejIs . enHCakiriyakMNt nUvcMENkrbsxøÜnénejIs

enaH . ÉkarkMNtnUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

‘xøaj´xab´’

Baküza ²xøajxab³ KW C&rEdlxab . xøajxabenaH eday

BN( manBN(dUcCarem[tEdlbuK<lcitehIy . edayRTgRTay

xøajxab sMrabmnusSZat mun manRTgRTaydUcCakMNatsMBt

BIrCan´ manBN(dUcCarem[t EdlbuK<ltMklTukehIy kñúgcenøaH

74 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

énEs|k nig sac sMrabmnusSs<m manRTgRTaydUcCakMNat´

sMBtBIrCan manBN(dUcCarem[t EdlbuK<leZVIoeTACaBIrbICan´

ehIytMkl´Tuk eRBaHGaRs&y nUvsacTaMgLayenH KW; sacs μg

sacePøA sacxñg EdlGaRs&ynUvRTnugxñg sackNþabeBaH .

edayTis xøajxabekItehIykñúgTisTaMgLayBIr . edayOkas

xøajxab pSayeTAkansrIr;TaMgmUl rbsmnusSZat GaRs&ynUv

sacepSg> mansac´sμgmnusSs<mCaedImfitenA CnTaMgLay

minkan´yknUvxøaj´xab sUm|IdlehIynUvkarrabza CaeRbg edIm|I

RbeyaCn¾eZVICaeRbg ‘sMrablabnUvsk’ elIk|al minkan´yk

edIm|IRbeyaCn¾ dlvtæúTaMgLaymaneRbgsMrabhit tamRcmuH Ca

edIm eRBaHxøajxabnu@H Carbs´EdlKYrex¬IméRkeBk . edaybriecäT

xageRkam xøajxabenaH elakkMNtehIy edaysac xagelI

kMNtedayEs|k TTwg kMNtedaycMENk énxøajxab . enH

CakiriyakMNt nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn énxøajxabenaH . Ékiriya

kMNt nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

‘TwkEPñk’

Baküza ²TwkEPñk³ KWZatuTwkEdlhUrecjBIEPñkTaMgLay.

TwkEPñkenaH edayBN( manBN(dUcCaeRbglád*zøa . edayRTg´

RTay manRTgRTaytamOkas . edayTis ekItehIy kñúgTis

xagelI . edayOkas fitenAehIy kñúgrnÆEPñkTaMgLay . bu¨Enþ

TwkEPñkenH min:ndkenA sBV> kal kñúgrnÆEPñkTaMgLay dUcCa

TwkRbmatdkenA kñúgeRsamRbmateT . k*kñúgkalNa stVTaMg

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76 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

kMedARBHGaTitü rdUvminesμI nig ZatuminesμITaMgLay kñúgeBlenaH

xøajxabenaH sJ©reTA xagnu@Hpg xagenHpg kñúgsrIrb|eTsTaMg

LayenaH dUcCatMNkeRbgEdlRsk´cuHeTA elITwkEdlzøa kñuúg

eBlEdlgUtdUecñaHÉg . edaybriecäT xøajravenaH elakkMNt

ehIy edaycMENkénxøajrav . enHCakiriyakMNt nUvcMENk

rbs´xøÜnénxøajravenaH . ÉkarkMNtnUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kd

esμIedayskEdr .

‘Twkmat´’

ZatuTwklayedayBBuH BÆd*xagkñúgmat eQμaHzaTwkmat .

TwkmatenaH edayBN( KWBN(-s manBN(dUcBBuHTwk . eday

RTgRTay manRTgRTaytamOkas. kareBalza ²manRTgRTay

dUcCaBBuHTwk³ dUecñHxøH k*KYr . edayTis ekItehIy kñúgTisxag

elI . edayOkas TwkmatenaH hUrcuH tamxagénz¬alTaMgBIr

ehIyfitenA elIGNþat . bu¨EnþTwkmatenaH minEdldkenA kñúgTI

nu@H sBV> kal eT k*kñúgeBlNa stVTaMgLayeXIj ß rlwk

dlnUvGahar yagdUecñaH ßk* daknUvGaharNamYy kñúgcMeNam

GaharEdlmanrsekþA lVIg hwr éRb nig CUr TaMgLay kñúgmat´

ßk* kñúgeBlNa ebHdUg rbs´stVTaMgLayenaH rmYl ß esckþI

ex¬Im ekIteLIgkñúgvtæúNamYyhñwgÉg kñúgeBlenaH Twkmat ekIt

eLIgehIy hUrcuH tamxagénz¬alTaMgLayBIr ehIyfitenA elI

GNþat . mYyeT[t TwkmatenaH elIcugGNþat mantic elIKl

GNþat maneRcIn . mYyeT[t GNþatn@uH mindlnUvkarGseTA

visuTÆimK< ERb 75

Lay ekItesamnsS esIcyagxøaMg ekIteTamnsS yMxSwkxSÜl

ßk* elbGaharminesμI mansPaBdUecñaH mYyeT[t kñúgkalNa

EPñkTaMgLay énstVTaMgLayenaH xÞaMgxÞb edayvtæúTaMgLay

manEpSgZUlI nig Gacm¾dICaedIm kñúgkalenaH TwkEPñkenaH k*ekIt

eLIg eRBaHesamnsS nig eTamnsS Gahar nig rdUvEdlmines μI

TaMgLayenHehIy fitenAeBjrnÆEPñkxøH hUrecjmkxøH . k*RBH

eyaKI GñkkMNtnUvTwkEPñk Kb|IkMNt edayGMNac énTwkEPñk

EdljúaMgrnÆEPñkTaMgLay oeBjehIy fitenAhñwgÉg . eday

briecäT TwkEPñk elakkMNtehIy edaycMENkénTwkEPñk . enH

CakiriyakMNt nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜnénTwkEPñkenaH . ÉkiriyakMNt´

nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

‘xøaj´rav’

‘161’ Baküza ²xøajrav³ ERbza C&rrav . xøaj´ravenaH

edayBN( manBN(dUceRbgdUg . kareBalza ²manBN(dUcCa

eRbgEdleKeRsacehIy kñúgTwk:y³ dUecñHxøH k*KYr . edayRTg

RTay manRTgRTaydUcCatMNteRbgEdlRskcuH GENþt BÆd*

xagelI énTwkEdlzøa kñúgevlaEdlgUt . edayTis ekItkñúgTis

TaMgLayBIr . edayOkas PaKeRcIn xøaj´xabenaH fitenAehIy

elIépÞéd xñgéd épÞeCIg xñgeCIg ekþagRcmuH záas nig cg,Úy

sμaTaMgLay . buEnþxøaj´xabenH minEmnCaZmμCatrlay fitenA

kñúgOkasTaMgenH sBV> kal :neT k*kñúgeBlNa RbeTs ‘KW

ragkay’ TaMgenaH CasPav;mancMhayekItehIy eRBaHkMedAePøIg

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visuTÆimK< ERb 77

esaHeLIy dUcCaTwkGNþÚg EdlbuK<lCIkehIy elIdIxSac Ek|r

sÞwg mindl´nUvkarGseTA dUecñaHÉg CaTwkmatGac edIm|InwgjúaMg

GMbuk ß Gg,r ßk* júaMgxaTnIy; déTNamYy EdleKdakcUleTA

ehIy kñúgmat oesIm:n . edaybriecäT TwkmatenaH elak

kMNtehIy edaycMENkénTwkmat . enHCakarkMNtnUvcMENk

rbs´xøÜnénTwkmatenaH . ÉkarkMNt nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kd

esμIedayskEdr .

‘TwksMe:r’

TwkminsÁat EdlhUrecjmk GMBIxYrkñúgk|al eQμaHza

TwksMe:r . TwksMe:renaH edayBN( manBN(bIdUcCaxYr kñúg

RKabetñatx©I . edayRTgRTay manRTgRTaytamOkas . eday

Tis ekItehIy kñúgTisxagelI . edayOkas fitenAeBjekþag

RcmuH . bu¨Enþ TwksMe:renaH minfitenA kñúgekþagRcmuHnu@H sBV>

kaleT . tamBit kñúgeBlNa stVTaMgLay yM ßk* CaGñkman

karkMerIkénZatuEdlekIteLIg edayGMNacénGahar nigrdUv man

cMENkminesμI kñúgeBlenaH xYrkñúgk|al EdldlehIynUvPaBCa

esøs μsÁúy hUrecj GMBIxagkñúgk|al ehIyqøgcuH tamcenøaHTI

bMputRkGUmmatehIy júaMgekþagRcmuHoeBj ehIyfitenAxøH hUr

ecjxøH dUcCabursx©bnUvTwkedaHCUr kñúgsøwkQUkehIy ykbnøa

cak BÆd*xageRkam kalebIdUecñaH TwkedaHCUrrav k*hUrecjmk tam

RbehagenaHehIy Kb|IZøakcuHmkxageRkA yagenaHÉg . k*RBH

eyaKIGñkkMNtnUvTwksMe:r Kb|IkMNt edayGMNacTwksMe:r

78 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

EdldkenAeBjekþagRcmuHhñwgÉg . edaybriecäT TwksMe:renaH

elakkMNtehIy edaycMENkénTwksMe:r . enHCakarkMNt´

nUvcMENk rbsxøÜnénTwksMe:renaH . ÉkarkMNt nUvcMENkmin

esμIKña R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

‘TwklMGil’

saksBCalMGil BÆd*xagkñúg éntMNkñúgsrIr; eQμaHza

TwklMGil . TwklMGilenaH edayBN( manBN(dUcCaC&r énp,a

kNÑikar . edayRTg´RTay manRTgRTaytamOkas . ekIt kñúg

TisTaMgLayBIr . edayOkas TwklMGilenaH fitenA xagkñúg

éntMN 180 júaMgkic©KWkarbtnUvtMNénqÁwgTaMgLay osMerc .

k*TwklMGilnu@H énbuK<lNamantic kalebIbuK<lenaH eRkakeLIg

Gg<úycuH QaneTAmux QanzyeRkay btcUl laecj qÁwgTaMg

Lay k*rEmglan»sUrsMeLgkd;kd; dUcCabuK<ledIrpÞatRmam

éd yagdUecñaHÉg . kalbuK<lenaH edIreTAkanpøÚvqáay Gs´TI

Rtwm 1 eyaCn¾ nig 2 eyaCn¾ vaeyaZatu k*kMerIk xøÜnTaMgLay

k*lM:k . Etza TwklMGil énbuK<lNa maneRcIn qÁwgTaMgLay

énbuK<lenaH minlan»sUrsMeLg kd;kd; kñúgkarkMerIkTaMgLay

mankareRkak nig karGg<úyCaedImeT kalebIbuK<lenaH sUm|IedIr

eTAkanpøÚvqáay vaeyaZatu k*minkMerIk xøÜnTaMgLay k*minlM:k .

edaybriecäT TwklMGilenaH elakkMNtehIy edaycMENkén

TwklMGil. enHCakarkMNtnUvcMENkrbs´xøÜnénTwklMGilenaH .

ÉkarkMNt nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

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80 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

tamn&yza ²edaylMdab edayminel]neBk³ dUecñHCaedIm kñúgTI

bMputénkarQanknøgnUvbJ¦tþi BicarNa nUvkayenHza ²skTaMg

Lay man kñúgkayenH³ dUecñHCaGaTi¾ Zm(TaMgLayTaMgBYgenaH Ca

Zm(R:kd minmunmineRkay eRb[bdUcCakalbursmanckú¡ RkeLk

emIlnUvp,akRmg EdleKRkgp,amanBN( 32 Rbkar edayGMe:H

mYysrésrYmKña p,aTaMgBYgTaMgLayCap,aR:kd minmunmineRkay

dUecñaHÉg . eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBalTuk kñúgmnsikareka-

sløkza za; k*GaTikmμikbuK<l kaleZVITukkñúgcitþ za ²eksa³ dUecñH mnsikar eTATlnwgcMENkCaTIbMputenHza ²mutþM³ ehIyfit

enA . k*RbsinebIRBHeyaKIenaH RbmUlmknUvmnsikar sUm|Ixag

eRkA kalebIdUecñH nakalekadðas;TaMgBYgTaMgLayR:kd dl´

RBHeyaKIenaH yagenH stVTaMgLay manmnusS nig tircäan Ca

edIm EdledIrmk lHbgnUvGakar;rbsstV rEmgR:kd eday

GMNacénKMnrénekadðas;Etmüag k*vtæúmanTwk nig ePaCn CaedIm

EdlstVTaMgLaymanmnusS nig tircäanCaedImenaH elbcUleTA

rEmgR:kd bIdUcCavtæúEdleKdakcUleTA kñúgKMnrénekadðas; .

‘nimitþ nig Gb|na’

kñúglMdabenaH kalRBHeyaKIenaH eZVITukkñúgcitþer]y> za

²bdikUl>³ edayGMNacénmnsikarekasløviZI mankarlHbgnUv

lMdabCaedIm Gb|na rEmgekIteLIg tamlMdab . kñúgkiriyaekIt

eLIgénGb|naenaH bNÐitKb|IRCabza; kiriyaR:kd edayGMNac

énBN( RTgRTay Tis Okas nig briecäT éncMENkTaMgLay

visuTÆimK< ERb 79

‘TwkmURt’

Baküza ²TwkmURt³ KW edayBN( TwkmURtenaHmanBN(dUc

CaTwkk|úg énsENþkraCmas . edayRTgRTay manRTgRTay

dUcCaTwkEdlfitenA xagkñúgkÁmTwk EdlbuK<ldakp,abmat eTA

xageRkam . edayTis ekIt kñúgTisxageRkam . edayOkas

fitenAxagkñúg énRkBHbsSav; . epøakénRkBHbsSav; elakehA

za eQμaHza RkBHbsSav; . TwkmURt GMBIsrIr; kñúgRkBHbsSav;

EtghUrcUl Etza pøÚvCaTIhUrcUleTA énTwkmURtenaH minR:kdeT

R:kdEtpøÚvCaTIhUrecj dUcCaTwkRCaM hUrcUleTA kñúgkÁmEdlRsaM

manmatcuHeRkam EdlbuK<ldakehIyenAEk|rreNþATwkRCaM EtpøÚv

CaTIhUrcUleTA énTwkRCaMenaH minR:kd yagenaHÉg . mYyeT[t

kalebIRkBHbsSav; eBjehIy edayTwkmURt esckþIxVlxVayza

²eyIgTaMgLaybenÞabgnUvbsSav;³ EtgmandlstVTaMgLay .

edaybriecäT TwkmURtenaH elakkMNtehIy edayxagkñúgénRkBH

bsSav;pg edaycMENk énTwkmURtpgEdr . enHCakarkMNtnUv

cMENkrbsxøÜn énTwkmURtenaH . ÉkarkMNtnUvcMENkminesμIKña

R:kdesμIedayskEdr .

srub

‘162’ k*kalRBHeyaKI kalkMNtnUvcMENkTaMgLay

manskCaedIm edayGMNacénBN( RTgRTay Tis Okas nig

briecäT yagenHehIy eZVITukkñúgcitþza ²bdikUl>³ edaycMENk

5 edayGMNayBN( RTgRTay køin TIenAGaRs&y nig Okas

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visuTÆimK< ERb 81

manskCaedIm eQμaHza óK<hnimitþ kiriyaR:kd ‘énekadðas;

TaMgenaH’ edayGMNacénbdikUl edayGakar;RKb´y¨ag eQμaHza

bdiPaKnimtþ . kalRBHeyaKI esB eZIVoeRcIn nUvbdiPaKnimitþ

enaH Gb|na rEmgekIteLIg edayGMNacénbfmCÄan bIdUcCa

Gb|na kñúgGsuPkmμdðan tamn&yEdleyIgeBalmkehIy . RBH

eyaKavcrNamancMENkmYyKtR:kd ßRBHeyaKavcrNa dl´

nUvGb|na kñúgcMENkmYyehIy mineZVInUvesckþIBüayam CaeRK]g

Rbkb kñúgcMENkdéT bEnæmeT[t Gb|na EtmYyKt rEmgekIt

eLIg dlRBHeyaKavcrenaH . cMENkÉRBHeyaKavcrNa man

cMENkd*eRcIn R:kd ßza RBHeyaKavcrNa dlnUvQan kñúg

cMENkmYyehIy k*eZVInUvesckþIBüayamCaeRK]gRbkb sUm|Ikñúg

cMENkdéT bnþeTAeT[t bfmCÄanTaMgLay edaykiriyarabnUv

cMENk rEmgekIteLIg dlRBHeyaKavcrenaH> dUcCabfmCÄan

TaMgLay ekIteLIg dlRBHmløketær dUecñaHÉg .

:n»za elakGñkmanGayuenaH cabédRBHGPyetær Gñk

eBalKm¬IrTIXnikayehIy eBalza ²mñalGP&yd*manGayu bnþ

GMBIenH cUrGñker[nnUvbJØaenHmun³ ehIyeBalza ²RBHmløketær

CaGñk:n nUvbfmCÄan 32 kñúgcMENk 32 RbsinebIelakcUl

nUvQanmYy kñúgevlayb´ QanmYy kñúgevlaézá elaksMercnUv

QanenaH mþgeT[t edayknøHénExd*éRkElg RbsinebIelakcUl

QanmYy ral> ézá elakk*sMerc mþgeT[t edayExmYyd*éRk

Elg³ dUecñHÉg .

82 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

‘ehtuEdlehAzakayKtasti’

k*kmμdðanenH sUm|IsMerc edayGMNacénbfmCÄan yag

dUecñH k*elakehAza ²kayKtasti³ eRBaHsMerc edaykMLaMg én

sti kñúgcMENkTaMgLay manBN( nig RTgRTayCaedIm .

‘GanisgScMerInkayKtasti’

k*ÉPikú¡EdlRbkber]y> nUvkayKtastienH CaGñkRKb

sg,tesckþIeRtkGr edayesckIþmineRtkGr:n TaMgesckþImin

eRtkGr k*minRKbsg,tnUvPikú¡enaHeLIy Pikú¡úenaH EtgRKbsg,t´

ehIy> nUvesckþImineRtkGrEdlekItehIy 1ç CaGñkRKbsg,t´

nUvP&y nig esckþIxøac:n ÉP&y nig esckþIxøac RKbsg,t nUv

Pikú¡enaHBMu:neLIy Pikú¡enaHEtgRKbsg,tehIynUvP&y nig esckþI

xøacEdlekItehIy 1ç CaGñkGtZμtcMeBaHRtCak kMedA ‘1’ .eb.

CaGñkGtZμt cMeBaHKnøgBakü EdleKeBalGaRkkÇÇÇ EdlGacnaM

nUvCIvitecj:n 1ç CaGñk:nQan 4 cakZøúHnUvGPiJ¦a 6 eRBaH

GaRs&ynUvBN(epSg> énekadðas;TaMgLay manskCaedIm .

eRBaHehtudUecñaHÉg Pikú¡GñkmanR:C\a Kb|ICaGñk minRbmaT Rbkber]y>nUvkayKtastienH Edl manGanisgSeRcIn dUc:neBalmkenHÉg . enHCakzamux edayBisþar kñúgkayKtasti .

v j v 1- suÇ mÇ PaKTI 26 TMB&rTI 397 .

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84 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

2- Pikú¡enaH kaldkdegØImecjxøI k*dwgc|asza GatμaGj

dkdegØImecjxøI ß kaldkdegØIycUlxøI k*dwgc|asza GatμaGj

dkdegØImcUlxøI .

3- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGjkMNtdwgc|as nUvkay KWdk

degØImecjTaMgBYg nwgdkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGjkMNt

dwgc|asnUvkay KWdkdegØImcUlTaMgBYg nwgdkdegØImcUl .

4- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kalrmáabnUvkaysg¡ar KWdk

degØImecj nwgdkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGj kalrmáab nUv

kaysg¡ar KWdkdegØImcUl nwgdkdegØImcUl .

‘ctuk,;TI2’

5- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kMNtdwgc|asnUvbIti nwgdk

degØImecj sikSaza GatμaGjkMNtdwgnUvbIti nwgdkdegØImcUl .

6- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kMNtdwgc|as nUvesckþIsux

nwgdkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGj kMNtdwgc|as nUvesckþI

sux nwgdkdegØImcUl .

7- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kMNtdwgc|as nUvcitþsg¡ar

KWsJ¦a nig evTna nwgdkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGj kMNt´

dwgc|asnUvcitþsg¡ar nwgdkdegØImcUl .

8- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj rmáabnUvcitþsg¡ar nwgdkdegØIm

ecj sikSaza GatμaGjrmáabnUvcitþsg¡ar nwgdkdegØImcUl .

‘ctuk,;TI3’

9- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kMNtdwgc|asnUvcitþ nwgdk

visuTÆimK< ERb 83

Gana:nsti

‘163’ kñúgkal«LÚvenH Gana:nsStienaHNa EdlRBH

manRBHPaK RTgRtas´sresIr yagenH za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay

Gana:nsStismaZienHÉg EdlbuK<l:ncMerInehIy :neZVIo

eRcInehIy CaZm(lÁitpg CaZm(d*ótþmpg CaZm(minRcLÚkRcLM

eday ‘tNØa nig ó:Tan’ pg CaZm(CaeRK]genAnaMmknUvesckþI

suxpg EtgjúaMgZm(TaMgLay CaGkusld*lamk EdlekIteLIg

ehIy> oGnþrZan osábrmáabeTA edayehtud*smKYr³ yag

dUecñHehIy RTgsMEdgecj oCakmμdðanmanvtæú 16 yagdUecñHza

²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay cuHGana:nsStismaZi EdlbuK<l:ncMerIn

ehIy :neZVIoeRcInehIy CaZm(lÁitpg CaZm(d*ótþmpg CaZ(m

minRcLÚkRcLMeday ‘tNØanigó:Tan’ pg CaZm(CaeRK]genA naM

mknUvesckþIsuxpg EtgjúaMgZm(TaMgLay CaGkusld*lamk

EdlekIteLIgehIy> oGnþrZan osábrmáabeTA edayehtud*

smKYr etIdUcemþc . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡kñúgsasnaenH enA

kñúgéRBkþI enAeT[bKleQIkþI enAkñúgpÞHsáatkþI Gg<úyEBnEPñn taMg

kayoRtg p©gs μartI omanmuxeq¬aHeTArk ‘km μdðan’ . Pikú¡enaH

manstidkdegØIyecj manstidkdegØImcUl ‘manvtæú 16 KW;’

‘ctuk,;TI1’

1- Pikú¡enaH kaldkdegØImecjEvg k*dwgc|asza Gatμa

GjdkdegØImecjEvg ß kaldkdegØIycUlEvg k*dwgc|asza

GatμaGjdkdegØImcUlEvg .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 85

degØImecj sikSaza GatμaGjkMNtdwgnUvcitþ nwgdkdegØImcUl .

10- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kaljúaMgcitþorIkray nwgdk

degØImecj sikSaza GatμaGj kaljúaMgcitþorIkray nwgdk

degØImcUl .

11- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kaljúaMgcitþ otaMgenA kñúg

GarmμN¾d*esμI nwgdkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGj kaljúaMg

citþotaMgenA kñúgGarmμN¾d*esμI nwgdkdegØImcUl .

12- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kaljúaMgcitþ orYcRsLH

‘caknIvrNZm(CaedIm’ nwgdkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGjkal

júaMgcitþorYcRsLH nwgdkdegØImcUl .

‘ctuk,;TI4’

13- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj CaGñkBicarNaeXIjnUvbJ©k¡nÆ

za mineT[g nwgdkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGj CaGñkBicarNa

eXIjnUvbJ©k¡nÆ za mineT[g nwgdkdegØImcUl .

14- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj CaGñkBicarNaeXIj nUvZ(m

R:scakteRmk nwgdkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGj CaGñk

BicarNaeXIj nUvZm(R:scakteRmk nwgdkdegØImcUl .

15- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj CaGñkBicarNaeXIj nUvZ(m

sMrabrMltnUvTuk¡ nwgdkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGj CaGñk

BicarNaeXIj nUvZm(sMrabrMltnUvTuk¡ nwgdkdegØImcUl .

16- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj CaGñkBicarNaeXIj nUvZ(m

sMrablHkielsecal nwgdkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGj Ca

86 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

GñkBicarNaeXIj nUvZm(sMrablHkielsecal nwgdkdegØIm ‘1’ cUl³ dUecñHÉg .

nieTÞs énkarcMerInnUvGana:nsStikmμdðanenaH dlehIy

tamlMdab . EteRBaHnieTÞsenaH kalebIeBaltamlMGanénkar

BN(nanUv:LIhñwgÉg nwgbribUredayGakar;TaMgBYg eRBaHehtu

enaH kñúgGana:nsStikmμdðanenaH nieTÞsenH KWCanieTÞsmankar

BN(nanUv:LI dlmun .

‘BRgIkesckþIén:LIBaküsYr’

bNÐit Kb|IRCabesckþIvinicä&y RtgbTTaMgLayenH za

²kzM Pavieta c Pik¡ev Gana:nsStismaZi mñalPikú¡TaMgLay

Gana:nsStismaZi EdlbuK<lcMerInehIy edayRbkardUcemþc³

dUecñHCaedImmun .

Baküza ²kzM³ CaRBHbucäa edayPaBénRBHGg< RTgR:zña

cgsMEdg nUvkarcMerInnUvGana:nsStismaZi o:nBisþar eday

RbkarepSg> . Baküza ²Pavieta c Pik¡ev Gana:nsStismaZi³ CaBaküCaeRK]gsMEdgecj nUvZm(EdlRBHGg<RTgRtas´sYrehIy

eRBaHPaBénRBHGg< RTgR:zñacgsMEdg nUvkarcMerInnUvGana:n-

sStismaZi o:nBisþar edayRbkarepSg> . n&ysUm|IkñúgBakü

za ²kzM BhulIketa .eb. vUbsemti³ enH k*dUcn&yenHEdr .

bNþbTTaMgenaH bTza ²Pavieta³ KWeZVIoekIteLIgpg o

cMerIneLIgpg . bTza ²Gana:nsStismaZi³ esckþIza smaZi

1- suÇ sMÇ mÇ PaKTI 39 TMB&rTI 27 .

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88 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

cMENkkñúgBakünu@Hza ²Gescneka c suexa c vihaera CaZm(minRcLÚkRcLMpg CaZm(CaeRK]genAnaMmknUvesckþIsuxpg³

manGZib|ayza; kiriyaeRsacRsb minman dlGana:nsSti-

smaZienaH eRBaHehtuenaH Gana:nsStismaZienaH eTIbeQμaHza

minmankareRsacRsb KWmin:ceR:HRBM minRcLÚkRcLM Ejk

edayELk minRcbUkRcblç esckþIlÁit kñúgGana:nsStismaZi

enH minmanedaybrikmμ ß edayóbcar;eT Gana:nsStismaZi

enH CaZm(d*lÁitpg CaZm(d¾ótþmpg edayPav;rbs´xøÜnEmnBit

cabedImGMBIkarRbmUlcitþeZVIkmμdðanCadMbUgmk . cMENkÉGacarü

BYkxøH eBalza; bTza ²Gescneka³ esckþIza min:ceR:HRBM

Carbs´manrsqáaj tamsPav;hñwgÉg . bNÐitKb|IRCab za

Gana:nsStismaZienH CaZm(minmankareRsacRsbhñwgÉg eTIb

CaZm(CaeRK]genAnaMmknUvesckþIsuxpg eRBaHRbRBwtþeTA edIm|I:n

cMeBaH nUvesckþIsuxtampøÚvkay nig esckþIsuxtampøÚvcitþ kñúg

xN;EdldlnUvGb|na .

bTza ²ób|nñúb|enñ³ KWEdlminTan´:nsg,tsg,inehIy> .

bTza ²:bek³ KWd*GaRkk . bTBIrza ²Gkusel Zem μ³ KWZ(m

EdlekItGMBIesckþIminqøat . bTBIrza ²fanesa GnþrZaebti³ KWjúaMgZm(EdlCa:bGkusloGnþrZaneTA KWosábrmáab eday

xN;hñwgÉg . bTza ²vUbsemti³ KW ocUleTArmáab edaylÁ

mYyeT[t RBHeyaKavcrenaH dl´nUvesckþIcMerIn edayGriymK<

tamlMdab rEmgpþacbg GZib|ayza eZVIosábrmáab eRBaHPav;én

visuTÆimK< ERb 87

EdlRbkbRBmehIy edaysti EdlkMNtnUvxüldkdegØImecj

nig xüldkdegØImcUl mYyeT[t smaZi kñúgGana:nsSti eQμaH

za Gna:nsStismaZi . bTza ²BhulIketa³ ERbza eZVIo:n

er]y> .

‘Eksenþa bNIeta’

bTBIrza ²senþa ecv bNIeta c³ CaZm(lÁitpg CaZm(d*

ótþmpg . bNÐitKb|IRCab kiriyakMNt kñúgbTTaMgBIr eday

Évs&BÞ . sYrza; BaküdUcemþcEdlRBHmanRBHPaKRtas´ehIy .

eqøIyza; RBHGg<RTgRtasza ²EmnBit Gana:nsStismaZi enH

minEmnCaZm(minlÁitpg CaZm(minótþmpg edaybriyayÉNa

mYy dUcCaGsuPkmμdðan EdlCaZm(lÁitpg CaZm(ótþmpg eday

GMNac énkarcakZøúHEtmüag bu¨EnþCaZm(minlÁitpg minótþmpg

edayGMNacénGarmμN¾ eRBaHGsuPkmμdðanenaH manGarmμN¾d*

eRKatRKatpg manGarmμN¾CabdikUlpg dUecñaHeT . ebItamBit

eTA Gana:nsStismaZi eQμaHza CaZm(lÁit KWCaZm(sábrmáab

CaZm(rMlt eRBaHGana:nsStismaZienaH CaZm(d*lÁit eday

GarmμN¾xøH eRBaHCaZm(lÁitedayGg< Edlrab:nza CabdievZ xøH

eQμaHza CaZm(d*ótþm KWmineZVIoEqÁt eRBaHGana:nsStismaZinu@H

CaZm(d*ótþm edayGarmμN¾xøH CaZm(d*ótþm edayGg<xøH³ dUecñH .

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbRBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtas´za ² ‘Gana:nsSti-

smaZi’ CaZm(lÁitpg CaZm(d*ótþmpg³ .

‘EkGescneka’

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visuTÆimK< ERb 89

Gana:nsStismaZienaH CaZm(mancMENkénesckþITMluHTMlay.

k*kñúgRBH:LIénBaküsYrenaH manesckþIseg¡bdUcteTAenH

za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Gana:nsStismaZi EdlbuK<l:ncMerIn

ehIy edayRbkar;dUcemþc edayGakar;dUcemþc edayviZIdUc

emþc :neZVIoeRcInehIy edayRbkar;dUcemþcÇÇÇ eTIbCaZm(d*lÁit

pg .el. osábrmáab edayehtud*smKYr³ .

‘Bnül´esckþIén:LIeqøIy’

‘164’ «LÚvenH RBHmanRBHPaK kalRTgjúaMgesckþI

enaH oBisþar eTIbRtas´nUvBaküza ²«Z Pik¡ev³ dUecñHCaedIm .

‘Ek«Zs&BÞ’

kñúgBaküTaMgenaH Baküza ²«Z Pik¡ev Pikú¡³ esckþIza

mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡kñúgsasnaenH . eRBaHza «Zs&BÞenH kñúg

bTza ²«Z Pik¡ev Pik¡ú³ nu@H CaeRK]gbMePøInUvsasnaEdlCaTIkekIt

énbuK<lGñkjúaMgGana:nsStismaZi manRbkarTaMgBYgoekItpg

CaeRK]gbdiesZnUvPaBy¨agdUecñaH énsasnadéTpg . smdUc

CaRBHmanRBHPaKRtasza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay smN; mankñúg

sasnaenHbu¨eNÑaHÉg .l. lTÆidéT sUnücaksmN;TaMg

LaydéT³ ‘1’ dUecñH . eRBaHehtuenaH :nCaRBHd*manRBHPaK

Rtas´za ²«msμw sasen Pikú¡ Pikú¡ kñúgsasnaenH³ dUecñH .

‘ehtuEdlRtas´GrJ¦Keta .eb. n&yTI1’

BaküenH za ²enAkñúgéRBkþI enAeT[bKleQIkþI enAkñúgpÞH

1- suÇ GMÇ cÇ PaKTI 43 TMB&rTI 245 .

90 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

sáatkþI³ CaeRK]gbMePøInUvkarkMNtnUvesnasn; mansPaBd*sm

KYr dlkarcMerInnUvGana:nsStismaZi énRBHeyaKIPikú¡eenaH .

eRBaHza citþénPikú¡enH pSayeTAer]y> kñúgGarmμN¾TaMgLayman

rU:rmμN¾CaedIm GskalmanraRtId*Evg minR:zña edIm|IeLIgkan´

GarmμN¾ KWGana:nsStismaZieT rEmgsÞúHeTAkan´pøÚvxusEtmüa¨g

dUcrzEdleKTwm edayeKaeK[c EtgsÞúHeTAkan´pøÚvxusdUecñaHEdr .

eRBaHehtuenaH nayeKa:l GñkR:zñaedIm|IbgØat nUvkUneKaeK[c

EdlpwkTwkedaHRssTaMgGs énemeKaeK[c :nZMZateLIgehIy

bMEbkecjGMBIemeKa daMnUvssrd*ZM kñúgTId*smKYrmYyehIy yk

ExScg RtgssrenaH kalebImanRbkardUecñaH kUneKa énnay

eKa:lenaH k*minGacedIm|InwgerIbRgH eTAxagenHpg xagnu@Hpg

ehIyrteKceTA:neLIy Kb|IQrRCb ß edkRCbenARtgssr

ZMenaHÉg manóbmayagNamij sUm|IPikú¡enHÉg R:zñaedIm|Inwg

TUnμancitþd*kac EdlcMerInedaykarpwknUvrsénGarmμN¾ manrU:-

rmμN¾CaedIm GskalénraRtId*Evg k*Kb|InaMecjGMBIGarm μN¾man

rU:rmμN¾CaedImehIycUleTAkanéRBkþI .l. kanpÞHsáatkþIehIy

cg Rtgssr KWxüldkdegØImecj nig xüldkdegØImcUlenaH

edayExSKWsti kalebIcg:ndUecñaH citþ énPikú¡enaH sUm|IsÞúHeTA

xagenHpg xagnu@Hpg k*min:nnUvGarmμN¾EdlxøÜnsnSMehIy kñúg

kalmun minGacedIm|InwgkatpþacExSKWsti ehIyrteKc:neLIy

k*rEmgEGbenARCb nig edkenARCbCabnwgGarmμN¾enaHÉg eday

GMNacénóbcar; nig Gb|na k*manóbemyüyagenaHÉg .

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92 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

nUvesnasn;d*smKYr dlRBHeyaKavcrenaH eTIbRTgRtasza

²GrJ¦Keta va³ dUecñHCaedIm .

‘ehtuEdlRtas´GrJ¦Keta .eb. n&yTI3’

EmnBit RBHmanRBHPaK eRb[bdUcCaGacarü GñkecHnUvPUmi-

sa®sþ . GacarüGñkecHnUvPUmisa®sþenaH eXIjnUvTIénnKrehIy

BicarNa edayRbéBehIy cgÁúlR:bza ²cUrGñkTaMgLaysag

nUvnKr kñúgTIenH³ dUecñH luHdl´nKr:nseRmc edaysYsþIehIy

k*:nnUvsk,ar;d*eRcIn GMBIraCRtkUl yagNamij RBHmanRBH

PaKGg<enaH RTgBicarNanUvTIesnasn;d*smKYr dlRBHeyaKa-

vcr ehIyRTgcgÁúlR:bza ²RBHeyaKI Kb|IRbkbkmμdðaner]y>

kñúgTIesnasn;enH³ dUecñH tGMBIenaHeTA kalebIRBHGrhtþpl

EdlRBHeyaKIGñkRbkbkmμdðaner]y> kñúgTIenaH :nseRmcehIy

edaylMdab rEmgRTg:nnUvsk,ar;d*eRcInza ²RBHmanRBHPaKGg<

enaH CaRBHsmμasm¬úTÆ BitR:kdEmn³ k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . cMENk

Pikú¡enH RBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtas´za ²R:kdesμIedayxøadMbg³ .

bNÐitKb|IRCabGZib|ayza ²dUcCaesþcxøadMbgd*ZM BYnEGbehIy

nUvs|atesμAkþI s|atéRBkþI s|atPñMkþI kñúgéRB ehIycabRmwKTaMg

Lay manRkbIéRB rmaMg nig RCUkéRBCaedIm yagNamij Pikú¡

GñkRbkbnUvkmμdðaner]y> kñúgTIesnasn;d*smKYrTaMgLay man

éRBCaedImenH rEmgcabyknUvesatabtþimK< skTaKamimK< Gna

KamimK< nig GrhtþmK<pg nig nUvGriyplpg tamsmKYrtam

lMdab yagdUecñaHEdr³ . eRBaHehtuenaH e:raNacarü eBalza

visuTÆimK< ERb 91

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbe:raNacarüTaMgLay eBalza ;

nr; kalbgØat´nUvkUneKa Kb|Icg ‘va’ Rtg´ssr y¨agNamij Pikú¡ kñúgsasnaenH Kb|IcgnUvcitþ rbs´xøÜn o:nmaMkñúgGarmμN¾ edaysti k*y¨ag dUecñaHEdr .

esnasn;enaH CaTIesnasn;d*smKYr dlPavna énRBH

eyaKIenaH yagenHÉg . eRBaHehtuenaH :nCax\úM eBalhIyza

²BaküenH CaeRK]gbMePøInUvkarkMNtnUvesnasn;d*smKYr dlkar

cMerInnUvGana:nsStismaZi énRBHeyaKavcrenaH³ .

‘ehtuEdlRtas´GrJ¦Keta .eb. n&yTI2’

n&ymYyeT[t eRBaHehtuza Gana:nsStikmμdðanenH Ca

kMBUl kñúgRbePTénkmμdðan CabTdðan énkiriya:nnUvKuNviess

nigkiriyaenACasuxkñúgbc©úb|nñ énRBHBuTÆ RBHbec©kBuTÆ nig sav&k

énRBHBuTÆRKbRBHGg< KWRBHeyaKavcr minEmneZVI:nedaygay

edIm|IminlHbg nUvesnasn;TIbMputénRsuk Edlvwkvr eday

sMeLg én®sþI burs dMrI nig esHCaedIm ehIycMerIn:neT eRBaH

PaBénQanmansMeLgCabnøa EtzakñúgTIminEmnRsuk KWkñúgéRB

RBHeyaKavcr eZVI:nedaygay edIm|Ikan´yknUvkmμdðanenH ehIy

júaMgGana:nctutæCÄan oekIteLIg ehIyeZVIQanenaHÉg oCa

eCIg BicarNanUvsg¡arTaMgLay ehIyseRmc nUvRBHGrhtþ Ca

pld*kMBUl eRBaHehtuenaH RBHmanRBHPaK kalRTgsMEdg

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visuTÆimK< ERb 93

ZmμtaxøadMbg BYnsmáMehIy cab´yknUvRmwKTaMg Lay yagNamij Pikú¡enH CabuRtRBHBuTÆ Gñk manesckþIBüayamRbkbehIy CaGñkeXIjc|as´ cUleTAkan´éRBehIy Etgcab´yk nUvpld*ótþm k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr .

‘165’ eRBaHehtuenaH RBHmanRBHPaK kalRTgsMEdgnUv

TIesnasn;kñúgéRB EdlCakEnøgRbkbesckþIBüayam énbuK<l

GñkmanBüayam nig GñkmanesckþIsÞúHsÞar dlRBHeyaKIPikú¡enaH

eTIbRTgRtasza ²GrJ¦Keta va³ dUecñHCaedIm .

‘EkGtæbTepSg>én:LIBaküeqøIy’

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTza ²GrJ¦Keta³ esckþIza; Pikú¡ eTA

kan´éRBNamYy EdlmanesckþIsux ekItGMBIvievk bNþaéRBTaMg

Lay manlk¡N;EdlelakeBalmkehIy yagenHza ²eQμaH

za éRB :ndléRBTaMgGsenaH ecjeTAxageRkAGMBIssreKal³

dUecñHkþI za ²esnasn; mankñúgTIbMput RbEvg 500 CYrZñÚ eQμaHza

esnasn; taMgenAkñúgéRB³ dUecñHkþI . bTza ²ruk¡mUlKeta³ KWPikú¡ eTAkanTICiténKleQI . bTza ²suJ¦aKarKeta³ KWeTAkan´Okas

EdlsUnü KWOkasEdlsáat . k*kñúg:LIza ²suJ¦aKarKeta³ enH elIkTuknUvéRB nig KleQIecj Pikú¡sUm|IeTAkan´esnasn;

d*ess man 7 Rbkar . kareBalza ²suJ¦aKarKeta³ k*KYr . RBHmanRBHPaK kalRTgcgÁúlR:bnUvesnasn;d*smKYr

94 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

dlkarcMerInnUvGana:nsSti d*smKYrdlrdUvpg d*smKYr dl´

Zatu nig criyapg yagenHehIy RTgsMEdgR:bnUv«riyabz d*

sáb EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgBYk énkarminrujra nig karminGENþt

GNþÚg dlRBHeyaKIPikú¡enaH eTIbRTgRtas´za ²nisITti Gg<úy³ dUecñH . kñúglMdabenaH RBHmanRBHPaK kalRTgsMEdg nUvPaBén

karGg<úynwgZwgpg nUvPaBénkarRbRBwtþieTARsYl énxüldkdegØIm

ecj nigxüldkdegØImcUl nig nUvó:yeRK]gkMNt nUvGarmμN¾

pg eTIbRTgRtas´za ²bløg,M GaPuCitVa EBnEPñn³ dUecñHCaedIm .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTza ²bløg,M³ KWGg<úybtnUvePøA eday

CMuvij . bTza ²GaPuCitVa³ KWbtcUlehIy . eRcInbTza ²óCMu kayM bNiZay³ esckþIza; taMgsrIr;xagelIoRtgehIy júaMg

cug edaycug oer[bry Rtg´RTnugénxñg 18 . eRBaHza kalebI

RBHeyaKI Gg<úyyagenH Es|k sac nig srésTaMgLay nwg

minRbywtcuH kalebImanRbkardUecñaH evTnaTaMgLayNa Kb|I

ekIteLIg ral> xN; eRBaHkarRbywtcuH énEs|k sac nig

srésTaMgLayenaHCabc©&y evTnaTaMgLayenaH rEmgminekIt

eLIg dlRBHeyaKIenaH kalebIevTnaTaMgLayenaH minekIteLIg

citþ k*CaZmμCatmanGarm μN¾EtmYy kmμdðan minezøaHeZøay cUl

dlesckþIcMerIn esckþIlUtlas . eRcInbTza ²brimuxM stw óbdðebtVa³ ERbza taMgsti omanmuxeq¬aHeTAkan´kmμdðan . n&y

mYyeT[t RtgbTza ²brimuxM stw³ enH bNÐit Kb|IRCabesckþI

GZib|ay tamn&yEdlRBHsarIbuRt eBalehIy kñúgbdismÖiTa

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96 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

maM RBHeyaKIenaH CaGñkeZVInUvsti edaysμartIenaH edayjaN

enaH .l. kalRBHeyaKI dwgc|asnUvPaBéncitþmanGarmμN¾Et

mYy minraymay edayGMNacéndegØImecj sRmabGñkBicar-

Na eXIjnUvZm(CaeRK]grlasecjcakkiels edayGMNac

éndegØImcUl sRmabGñkBicarNaeXIjnUvZm(CaeRK]grlasecj

cakkiels sti k*tm,lenAmaM RBHeyaKIenaH CaGñkeZVInUvsti

edaysμartIenaH edayjaNenaH³ dUecñH .

‘Eks&BÞGsSasbsSas;’

bNþa:LITaMgenaH :LIza ²TIXM va GsSsenþa³ KWjúaMg

xüldkdegØImecjEvg oRbRBwtþeTAkþI . kñúgGdðkzaRBHvin&y k*

elakeBalza ²xülecjeTAxageRkA eQμaHza GsSas; xül

cUleTAxagkñúg eQμaHza bsSas;³ . EtkñúgGdðkzaRBHsURtTaMg

Lay mkehIypÞúyKña ‘nwgGdðkzaRBHvin&y’ . bNþaxülTaMgBIr

enaH kñúgeBlEdlstVTaMgLayTaMgBYg GñkedkenAkñúgKP( ecj

mkGMBIépÞénmata xülBÆd*xagkñúg ecjmkxageRkA muneK xül´

xageRkA naMyknUvZUlId*lÁit cUleTAxagkñúg CaxageRkay luH

dlRkGUmmat k*rlteTA . bNÐitKb|IRCabxüldkdegØImecj

nig xüldkdegØImcUl yagdUecñH mun .

cMENkPaBEvg nig xøI énxülTaMg 2 enaHÉNa PaBEvg

nig xøI enaH bNÐitKb|IRCab edayGMNacénGTÆan; ‘ry;eBl’ .

eRb[bdUcCa Twk ß dIxSac EdlpSayeTA rhUtGTÆan; KWOkas

‘Evg ß xøI’ ehIyfitenA elakehAza TwkEvg dIxSacEvg TwkxøI

visuTÆimK< ERb 95

y¨agenHza; RtgBaküza ²bri³ manGtæza kMNt RtgBaküza

²muxM³ manGtæza Zm(CaeRK]gnaMecj RtgbTza ²sti³ manGtæ

za RbugRby&tñ eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBalza ²taMgstioman

muxeq¬aHeTArk ‘kmμdðan’ ‘1’ ³ dUecñH . enHKWCaesckþIseg¡b kñúg

bdismÖiTaenaH za ²RBHeyaKI eZVIsti omankarnaMecj cakZ(m

EdlCasRtUv EdlxøÜnkMNtehIy³ dUecñH .

‘setakarI’

Baküza ²Pikú¡enaH mansti dkdegØImecj³ esckþIza Pikú¡

enaH Gg<úyyagenHehIy nig tMklstiy¨agenHehIy kal

minlHbgnUvstienaH eQμaHza mansμartI dkdegØImecjhñwgÉg

mansμartI dkdegØImcUl . GZib|ayza Pikú¡GñkeZVInUvsti .

«LÚvenH RBHeyaKIPikú¡ CaGñkeZVInUvsti edayGakar;TaMg

LayNa edIm|IRTgsMEdgnUvGakar;TaMgLayenaH eTIbRTgRtas´

za ²TIXM va GsSsenþa³ dUecñHCaedIm . EmnBit kñúgbdismÖiTa

kñúgviPg<én:LIenaHÉgza ²Pikú¡enaH mansμartI dkdegØImecj man

sμartIdkdegØImcUl³ k*elakeBalBaküenH za ²RBHeyaKI CaGñk

eZVIsti edayGakar; 32 KWkalRBHeyaKI dwgc|asnUvPaB éncitþ

manGarmμN¾EtmYy minraymay edayGMNayéndegØImecjEvg

stik*tm,lenAmaM RBHeyaKIenaH eZVInUvsti edaysμartIenaH eday

jaNenaH kalRBHeyaKI dwgc|as´ nUvPaBéncitþmanGarmμN¾Et

mYy minraymay edayGMNayéndegØImcUlEvg sti k*tm,lenA

1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ PaKTI 70 TMB&rTI 119-120 .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 97

dIxSacxøI yagNamij xüldkdegØImecj nig xüldkdegØImcUl

sUm|IEdllÁityagéRkElg júaMgGTÆan; ‘KWry;eBl’ Evg kñúg

ragkayéndMrI nig kñúgragkayénBs eBalKWGtþPaB éndMrI nig

BsTaMgBIrenaH oeBjCasnSwm> ehIyecjeTA k*snSwm> Edr

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBalza xüldkdegØIm ‘éndMrI nig Bs´’

Evg . xülenaH júaMgGTÆan; ‘KWry;eBl’ xøI eBalKWGtþPaB én

stVTaMgLay manEqÁ nig TnSayCaedIm oeBj yagqabrh&s

ehIyecjmk k*qabrh&spgEdr eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBal

za xüldkdegØIm ‘énEqÁ nig TnSay’ xøI . cMENkkñúgBYkmnusS

edayGMNacénGTÆan;KWkal mnusSTaMgLayxøH dkdegØImecj

nig dkdegØImcUlEvg dUcCastVTaMgLay mandMrI nig BsCaedIm

mnusSBYkxøH dkdegØImecj nig dkdegØImcUlxøI dUcCastVtUc>

TaMgLaymanEqÁ nig TnSayCaedIm eRBaHehtuenaH xüldkdegØIm

énmnusSTaMgLaynu@H kalecjkþI kalcUlkþI Gsry;eBlEvg

k*Kb|IRCabza Evgç kalecjkþI kalcUlkþI Gsry;eBlxøI k*

Kb|IRCabza xøI edayGMNacénkal k*y¨agenaHEdr .

‘Gana:nsStiCakayanubsSnastibdðan’

kñúgkiriyadkdegØImecj nig dkdegØImcUl Evg nig xøIenaH

Pikú¡enH kaldkdegØImecj nig kaldkdegØImcUlEvg k*dwgc|as´

za ²GatμaGj dkdegØImecj dkdegØImcUlEvg³ edayGakar;TaMg

Lay 9 . k*kalebIPikú¡enaH dwgc|asy¨agenH bNÐitKb|IRCab

za ²karcMerInkayanubsSnastibdðan rEmgseRmc edayGakar;

98 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

mYy . dUcCaelakeBalehIy kñúgbdismÖiTa za ; sYrza ²Pikú¡

kaldkdegØImecjEvg k*dwgc|asza GatμaGj dkdegØImecjEvg

kaldkdegØImcUlEvg k*dwgc|asza GatμaGj dkdegØImcUlEvg

etIdUcemþc³ .

eqøIyza ² ‘1’ Pikú¡ dkecj nUvdegØImecjEvg kñúgcMENk

énkalEvg ‘2’ dkcUl nUvdegØImcUlEvg kñúgcMENk énkalEvg

‘3’ dkecjkþI dkcUlkþI nUvdegØImecj ß degØImcUlEvg kñúg

cMENkénkalEvg .

kalPikú¡ dkecjkþI dkcUlkþI nUvdegØImecj ß degØIm

cUlEvg kñúgcMENkénkalEvg ‘eRcIndg’ qnÞ; ‘cMNgkñúgGVImYy’

rEmgekIteLIg ‘4’ Pikú¡dkecj nUvdegØImecjEvgd*lÁitéRkElg

CagenaH kñúgcMENkénkalEvg edayGMNacénqnÞ; ‘5’ dkcUl

nUvdegØImcUlEvg d*lÁitéRkElgCagenaH kñúgcMENkénkalEvg

edayGMNacénqnÞ; ‘6’ dkecjkþI dkcUlkþI nUvdegØImecj ß

degØImcUlEvgd*lÁitéRkElgCagenaH kñúgcMENkénkalEvg eday

GMNacénqnÞ; .

kalPikú¡ dkecjkþI dkcUlkþI nUvdegØImecj ß degØImcUl

Evgd*éRkElgCagenaH kñúgcMENkénkalEvg edayGMNacénqnÞ;

‘eRcIndg’ :muC¢; ‘esckþIrIkray’ rEmgekIteLIg ‘7’ Pikú¡ dk

ecjnUvdegØImecjEvgd*lÁitCagenaH kñúgcMENkénkalEvg eday

GMNacén:muC¢; ‘8’ dkcUl nUvdegØImcUlEvgd*lÁitéRkElgCag

enaH kñúgcMENkénkalEvg edayGMNacén:muC¢; ‘9’ dkecjkþI

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100 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBalza karcMerInstibdðan KWkar

BicarNaeXIjc|asnUvkay kñúgkay³ dUecñH .

Pikú¡enH kaldwgc|as nUvdegØImecj nig degØImcUl eday

Gakar;TaMgLay 9 enH edayGMNacénkalEvg nig eday

GMNacénkalxøI yagdUecñH bNÐtiKb|IRCabza ²Pikú¡enaH eQμaHza

kaldkdegØImecjEvg k*dwgc|asza GatμaGj dkdegØImecjEvg

ß kaldkdegØImcUlxøI k*dwgc|asza GatμaGj dkdegØImcUlxøI³

dUecñHÉg . k*kalebIPikú¡enaH dwgc|as y¨agdUecñH

xül´ 4 y¨ag KWxül´degØImecjEvg nig xøI sUm|I xül´degØImcUl k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr rEmgRbRBwtþeTA Rtg´cugRcmuH énPikú¡enaHÉg .

‘EksBVkayb|disMevTI’

‘166’ Baküza ²Pikú¡enaH sikSaza GatμaGj kMNtdwg

nUvkay KWdegØImecjTaMgBYg eTIbdkdegØImecjÇÇÇ dkdegØImcUl³

enaH KWPikú¡enaH sikSaza ²GatμaGj kaleZVInUvxagedIm kNþal

nig cug énkay KWdegØImecjTaMgGs oCarbsEdlxøÜn:ndwg

KWeZVI ‘degØImenaH’ o:nR:kdc|as eTIbdkdegØImecj³ . sikSa

za ²GatμaGj kaleZVInUvxagedIm kNþal nig cug énkay KW

degØImcUlTaMgGs´ oCarbs´EdlxøÜn:ndwg KWeZVI ‘degØImenaH’

o:nR:kdc|as eTIbdkdegØImcUl³ . Pikú¡enaHkaleZVI ‘degØIm

enaH’ oCarbsEdlxøÜn:ndwg KWeZVIo:nR:kdc|as yagenH

visuTÆimK< ERb 99

dkcUlkþI nUvdegØImecj ßdegØImcUlEvgd*lÁitCagenaH kñúgcMENk

énkalEvg edayGMNacén:muC¢; ‘esckþIrIkray’ .

kalPikú¡ dkecjkþI dkcUlkþI nUvdegØImecj ß degØImcUl

Evg d*éRkElgCagenaH kñúgcMENkénkalEvg edayGMNac én

esckþIrIkray ‘eRcIndg’ citþ k*XøatecjGMBIdegØImecj ß degØIm

cUlEvg óebk¡a k*taMgenAs)b .

enH kayKWdegØImecj nig degØImcUlEvg edayGakar; 9

y¨ag EdleQμaHza óbdðan sti eQμaHza GnubsSnajaN

kay eQμaHza óbdðan minEmneQμaHza sti eT sti eQμaHza

óbdðanpg eQμaHzastipg Pikú¡BicarNaeXIjnUvkayenaH eday

stienaHpg edayjaNenaHpg eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBal

za ²kaey kayanubsSna stib|dðanPavna ‘karcMerInstibdðan

KWkarBicarNaeXIj nUvkay kñúgkay’ ‘1’ ³ dUecñH . n&ysUm|IkñúgbTKWxüldegØImxøI k*n&ydUcKñaenHEdr . bu¨Enþ

enH CaesckþIEbøkKña . Baküza ²TIXM GsSasM GTÆansg¡aet xüldegØImecjEvg kñúgcMENkénkalEvg³ Edlelak:neBal

ehIy kñúgbTKWxüldegØImEvgnu@H yagNamij kñúgbTKWxüldegØIm

xøIenH mkehIyza ²rsSM GsSasM «tþrsg¡aet GsSsti Pikú¡dk ecj nUvdegØImecjxøI kñúgcMENkénkalxøI³ k*y¨agenaHEdr eRBaH

ehtuenaH bNÐitKb|IRbkbBakü edayGMNacénrsSs&BÞ rhUt

dlBakü za ²etn vuc©ti kaey kayanubsSna stib|dðanPavna

1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ PaKTI 70 TMB&rTI 121 .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 101

k*eQμaHza dkdegØImecj nig dkdegØImcUl edaycitþEdlRbkb

RBmedayjaN . eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBalza ²Pikú¡enaH

sikSaza GatμaGj dkdegØImecj dkdegØImcUl³ dUecñHCaedIm .

EmnBit sRmabPikú¡Gg<xøH xagedIm kñúgkay KWdegØImecj

kþI kñúgkay KWdegØImcUlkþI EdlsÞúHeTAyaglÁit rEmgR:kd Rtg´

kNþal nig xagcug minR:kdeT . Pikú¡enaH GackMNtEtxül´

xagedImbu¨eNÑaH EtglM:k RtgxülkNþalnigxagcug . sMrab´

Pikú¡Gg<xøH R:kd RtgkNþal bu¨EnþxagedIm nig cug minR:kd .

sMrabPikú¡Gg<xøH xagcug R:kd bu¨Enþ xagedIm nig kNþal min

R:kdeT . Pikú¡enaH GackMNt nUvxülxagcugEtbu¨eNÑaH Etg

lM:k RtgxülxagedIm nig kNþal . sMrabPikú¡Gg<xøH R:kd

RKbxülTaMgGs Pikú¡enaH GackMNt:nTaMgGs´ minlM:k Rtg´

xülNamYyeLIy . RBHd*manRBHPaK kalRTg´sMEdgza ²RBH

eyaKI Kb|ICaGñkR:kddUecñaH³ eTIbRTgRtas´ za ²Pikú¡ sikSaza

GatμaGj CaGñkkMNtdwgnUvkay KWdegØImecjTaMgBYg eTIbdk

degØImecj .l. eTIbdkdegØImcUl³ dUecñHCaedIm .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTza ²sikSa³ KW RbwgERbg Büayam

y¨agenH . müa¨geT[t esckþIGZib|ay kñúgbTenH bNÐitKb|I

RCabza ²esckþIsRgYmÉNa énPikú¡GñkR:kddUecñaH esckþIsRgYm

enH CaGZisIlsik¡a kúñgbTenH smaZiÉNa énPikú¡GñkR:ddUecñaH

smaZienH CaGZicitþsik¡a kñúgbTenH bJ¦aÉNa énPikú¡GñkR:kd

dUecñaH bJ¦aenH CaGZibJ¦asik¡a kñúgbTenH Pikú¡sikSa KW esB

102 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

cMerIn eZVIoeRcIn nUvsik¡aTaMg 3 enaH dUceBalmkehIyenH kñúg

GarmμN¾enaH edaystienaH edaykareZVITukkñúgcitþenaH³ dUecñH .

kñúgctuk,;TI1 enaH kñúgn&ymun RBHeyaKIKb|IdkdegØImecj

dkdegØImcUl Etmüagbu¨eNÑaH nig minKYreZVIkic©GVI> eT Etza cab´

edImGMBIenHeTA Kb|IeZIVesckþIBüayam kñúgGakar;TaMgLay man

karjúaMgjaN oekIteLIgCaedIm eRBaHehtuNa eRBaHehtuenaH

bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²RBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtas´:LI edayGMNac

énbc©úb|nñkal za GsSsamIti bCanati bsSsamIti bCanati Pikú¡dwgc|asza GatμaGj dkdegØImecj dwgc|asza GatμaGj

dkdegØImcUl dUecñH kñúgn&ymunenaH ehIyeTIbRTgelIkyk:LI

mk edayGMNacénBaküCaGnaKtkal edayn&ymanCaedIm za

sBVkayb|disMevTI GsSsisSami GatμaGj CaGñkkMNtdwg

nUvkay KWdegØImecjTaMgBYg nwgdkdegØImecj dUecñH edIm|IsMEdg

nUvGakar;mankarjúaMgjaN oekIteLIgCaedIm EdlKb|IeZVI cab´

edImGMBIn&ymunenHeTA³ dUecñHÉg .

‘EkbsSmÖyM kaysg¡arM’

Baküza ²Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kalrmáabnUvkaysg¡ar

eTIbdkdegØImecj .l. eTIbdkdegØImcUl³ enaH KWPikú¡sikSaza

²GatμaGj kalrmáab Bnøt rMlt b®g,abkaysg¡ar ‘BYkxül

degØImEvgxøIEdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgkay’ EdleRKatRKat eTIbdkdegØIm

ecj dkdegØImcUl³ dUecñH .

kñúger]genH PaBeRKatRKat nig PaBlÁitkþI esckþIsábkþI

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104 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

sYrza ²dMeNIrenaH eRBaHehtuGVI/³ . eqøIyza ²eRBaHesckþIBitza

kñúgkalmun eBlEdlminTan:nkMNt ‘nUvkmμdðanenaH’ karrMBwg

Kit karRbmUlcitþ kareZVITukkñúgcitþ karBicarNa za ²GatμaGj

rmáabnUvkaysg¡ar EdleRKatRKat>³ dUecñH minman dlPikú¡enaH

EtkñúgeBlEdl:nkMNt ‘nUvkmμdðanenaH’ ehIy eTIbman eRBaH

ehtuenaH kaysg¡ar énPikú¡enaH kñúgeBlEdl:nkMNt ‘nUv

kmμdðan’ ehIy rEmglÁitCageBlEdlminTan´:nkMNtehIy .

eRBaHehtuenaH :nCae:raNacarüTaMgLay eBalza ;

k*kalebIkay nig citþ Rkvl´RkvayehIy kay- sg¡ar k*rEmgRbRBwtþeTAeRKatRKatEdr kalebI kay nig citþ minRkvl´RkvalehIy kaysg¡ar rEmgRbRBwtþeTA y¨aglÁit .

‘n&ypøÚvsmz;’

sUm|IkúñgeBlEdl:nkMNt ‘kmμdðan’ kaysg¡ar k*rab´

za enAeRKatRKat kñúgóbcar; énbfmCÄan eTIblÁit sUm|Ikñúg

óbcar; énbfmCÄanenaH k*rabza enAeRKatRKat kñúgbfmCÄan

eTIblÁit kñúgbfmCÄan nig kñúgóbcar;énTutiyCÄan k*rabza enA

eRKatRKat kñúgTutiyCÄan eTIblÁit kñúgTutiyCÄan nig kñúgób-

car;énttiyCÄan k*rabza enAeRKatRKat kñúgttiyCÄan eTIblÁit

kúñgttiyCÄan nig kñúgóbcar;énctutæCÄan k*rabza enAeRKatRKat

kñúgctutæCÄan lÁitéRkElg dlnUvkarRbRBwtþieTAmin:nEmnBit³ .

visuTÆimK< ERb 103

bNÐitKb|IRCab dUcteTAenH ; k*kay nig citþ rbs´Pikú¡enH kñúg

kalmun eBlEdlminTan´:nkMNt ‘nUvGana:nsStikmμdðan

enaH’ Cakaycitþ manesckþIRkvlRkvay eRKatRKat . kalebI

PaBeRKatRKat énkay nig citþ minTan´sábrmáab sUm|Ixüldk

degØImecj nig xüldkdegØImcUl k*eRKatRKat RbRBwtþeTA man

kMLaMgxøaMgkøa RcmuH minRKb´RKan´ Qr dkdegØImecjxøH dkdegØIm

cUlxøH tammat . k*kñúgeBlNa TaMgkay TaMgcitþ rbsPikú¡enaH

KWxøÜn:nkMNtehIy kñúgeBlenaH kay nig citþenaH k*CaZmμCat

sábrmáabehIy . kalebIkay nig citþTaMgenaH sábrmáabehIy

xüldkdegØImecj nig xüldkdegØImcUl Caxüld*lÁit rEmg

RbRBwtþeTA CaxüldlnUvGakar; EdlKYrBicarNaza ²man ß min

manhñ@/³ . dUcCaxüldkdegØImecj nig xüldkdegØImcUl én

buK<lEdlrt´cuHmkGMBIPñM ß TmøakPar;d*Zán´ecjGMBIk|al ehIy

Qr CaxüleRKatRKat RcmuH minRKbRKan´ k*Qr dkdegØImecj

xøH dkdegØImcUlxøH tammat . k*kñúgeBlNa buK<lenaH benÞa

bg nUvesckþIen]yhtenaHehIy gUtTwk nig pwkTwkehIy dak´

sMBtTTwkelIebHdUg ehIyedkenAeRkammøbd*RtCak kñúgeBlenaH

xüldkdegØImecj nig xüldkdegØImcUlTaMgenaH énbuK<lenaH

Caxüld*lÁit dlnUvGakar; KYrBicarNaza ²man ß minmanhñ@/³

dUecñH yagNamij kñúgkalmun eBlEdlminTan´:nkMNt ‘nUv

Gana:nsStikmμdðanenaH’ kay nig citþ énPikú¡enH .l. Cakay

dlnUvGakar;KYrBicarNaza ²man ß minmanhñ@³ k*y¨agenaHEdr .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 105

BaküEdl:neBalmkenH Camti énRBHTIXPaNk; ‘GñkeBal

Km¬IrTIXnikay’ nig RBHsMyutþPaNk; ‘GñkeBalKm¬IrsMyutþ-

nikay’ . EtRBHmCÄimPaNk; ‘GñkeBalKm¬IrmCÄimnikay’ TaMg

Lay EtgR:zña sUm|Ikñúgóbcar; énQanzñakx¬s> za lÁitéRk

ElgCagQanzñakeRkam> yagenHza ²kñúgbfmCÄan kaysg¡ar

rabza enAeRKatRKat kñúgóbcar; énTutiyCÄan eTIblÁit³ dUecñH .

bu¨EnþebItammti énGacarüTaMgLayTaMgBYghñwgÉg :nesckþIza

²kaysg¡ar EdlRbRBwtþeTA kñúgkalEdlmin:nkMNt ‘kmμdðan’

rEmgsábrmáab kñúgkalEdl:nkMNt ‘nUvkmμdðan’ kaysg¡ar

EdlRbRBwtþeTA kñúgkalEdl:nkMNt ‘nUvkmμdðan’ rEmgsáb´

rmáab kñúgóbcar; énbfmCÄan .l. kaysg¡ar EdlRbRBwtþeTA

kñúgóbcar;énctutæCÄan rEmgsábrmáab kñúgctutæCÄan³ . enH Ca

n&y kñúgsmz; mun .

‘n&ypøÚvvibsSna’

‘167’ cMENkkñúgvibsSna kaysg¡ar EdlRbRBwtþeTA

ehIy kñúgkiriyakMNt k*enAeRKatRKat kñúgkiriyakMNtnUvmha-

PUtrUb eTIblÁit sUm|Ikaysg¡ar EdlRbRBwtþeTA kñúgkiriyakMNt

nUvmhaPUtrUbenaHesat k*rabza enAeRKatRKat . kaysg¡ar kñúg

karkMNtnUvó:TayrUb eTIblÁit kaysg¡ar kñúgkiriyakMNt nUv

ó:TayrUbenaHesat k*rabza enAeRKatRKat . kaysg¡ar kñúg

kiriyakMNt nUvrUbTaMgmUl eTIblÁit kaysg¡ar kñúgkiriyakMNt´

nUvrUbTaMgmUlenaHesat k*rabzaenAeRKatRKat . kaysg¡ar kñúg

106 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

kiriyakMNtnUvGrUb eTIblÁit kaysg¡ar kñúgkiriyakMNt nUvGrUb

enaHesat k*rabza enAeRKatRKat . kaysg¡ar kñúgkiriyakMNt´

nUvrUb nig GrUb eTIblÁit kaysg¡ar kñúgkiriyakMNt nUvrUb nig

GrUbenaHesat k*rabza enAeRKatRKat . kaysg¡ar kñúgkiriya

kMNt nUvbc©&y eTIblÁit kaysg¡ar kñúgkiriyakMNt nUvbc©&y

enaHesat k*rabza enARKatRKat . kaysg¡ar kñúgkiriyaeXIj

nUvnamrUb RBmTaMgbc©&y eTIblÁit kaysg¡ar kñúgkiriyaeXIj

nUvnamrUb RBmTaMgbc©&yenaHesat k*rabza enAeRKatRKart .

kaysg¡ar kñúgvibsSnaEdlman‘éRt’lk¡N¾CaGarmμN¾eTIblÁit.

kaysg¡ar kñúgvibsSna EdlmankMLaMgexSay k*rabza enAeRKat

RKat kñúugvibsSna EdlmankMLaMg eTIblÁit .

kñúgvibsSnaenaH esckþIrmaáb énkaysg¡ar Edlmankñúg

mun> edaykaysg¡ar Edlmanxagcug> bNÐitKb|IRCab tam

n&yEdlelakeBalehIy kñúgkalmunhñwgÉg .

esckþIeRKatRKat nig esckþIlÁitkþI nig esckþIsábrmáabkþI

bNÐitKb|IRCab kñúgbTenaH za ²bsSmÖyM kaysg¡arM GsS- sisSami bsSsisSami³ dUc:neBalmkenHÉg .

‘GtæaZib|aykñúgbdismÖiTamK<’

cMENkkñúgbdismÖiTa elakeBalesckþIenH énBaküza

²bsSmÖyM kaysg¡arM³ dUecñHenH mYyGenøIedaykarecaT nig kar

eqøIy yagdUecñHza ²sYrza; Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kalrmáabnUv

kaysg¡ar eTIbdkdegØImecj .l. eTIbdkdegØImcUl etIdUcemþc

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108 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

dkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGjkalrmáabnUvkaysg¡ar eTIbdk

degØImcUl edayGakar;y¨agenHehIy kalebIy¨agenH karR:kd

énkar:nnUvxülk*man karR:kd énxüldegØImecj nig xül´

degØImcUlk*man karR:kd énGana:nsStik*man TaMgkarR:kd

énGana:nsStismaZik*man BYkbNÐit eTIbcUlkansmabtþi

enaHpg ecjcaksmabtþienaHpg dMeNIrenaHeRb[bdUcCaGVI eRb[b

dUcCarKaMgEdleKeKaH sMeLgeRKatRKat rEmgRbRBwtþeTACadMbUg

eRBaHbuK<lkan´yklÁ eRBaHeZVITukkñúgcitþlÁ eRBaHcaMTuklÁ nUvnimitþ

énsMeLg d*eRKatRKat kalebIsMeLgd*eRKatRKat rltehIy

bnÞbmk sMeLgd*lÁit rEmgRbRBwtþeTA CaxageRkay eRBaHbuK<l

kan´yklÁ eRBaHeZVITukkñúgcitþlÁ eRBaHcaMTuklÁ nUvnimitþ énsMeLg

d*lÁit kalebIsMeLgd*lÁit rltehIy bnÞabmk citþ k*rEmg

RbRBwtþeTA CaxageRkay eRBaHcitþmannimitþ énsMeLgd*lÁitCa

GarmμN¾ manóbmadUcemþcmij manóbemyüdUcCaxüldegØIm

ecj nig xüldegIØmcUl d*eRKatRKat rEmgRbRBwtþeTA CadMbUg

eRBaHbuK<lkan´yklÁ eRBaHeZVITukkñúgcitþlÁ eRBaHcaMTuklÁ nUvnimitþ

énxüldegØImecj nig xüldegØImcUld*eRKatRKat kalebIxül´

degØImecj nig xüldegØImcUl d*eRKatRKat rltehIy bnÞbmk

xüldegØImecj nig xüldegØImcUld*lÁit rEmgRbRBwtþeTA Caxag

eRkay eRBaHbuK<lkanyklÁ eRBaHeZVITukkñúgcitþlÁ eRBaHcaMTuklÁ

nUvnimitþ énxüldegØImecj nig xüldegØImcUld*lÁit kalebI

xüldegØImecj nig xüldegØImcUld*lÁit rltehIy bnÞabmk

visuTÆimK< ERb 107

kaysg¡ar etIdUcemþc / ³ . eqøIyza ²Zm(TaMgLayenH Edl

RbRBwtþeTA kñúgkay KWxüldegØImecj nig xüldegØImcUlEvg

EdlCaZm(Cabedaykay eQμaHza kaysg¡ar . Pikú¡ kaljúaMg

kaysg¡arTaMgLayenaHormáab KWzaorMlt osábrmáab eQμaH

za sikSaza .l. ‘KW’ sikSaza karOn kargak karTeRmt

karQm karrJ¢Üy karGnÞHsa karkeRmIk karjabj&r Na én

kay edaykaysg¡arTaMgLay mansPaByagNa GatμaGj

kalrmáabnUvkaysg¡ar mansPaByagenaH eTIbdkdegØImecj

sikSaza GatμaGj kalrmáab nUvkaysg¡ar eTIbdkdegØImcUl

sikSaza karminOn karmingak karminTeRmt karminQm kar

minrJ¢Üy karminGnÞHsa karminkeRmIk karminjabj&r Na én

kay edaykaysg¡arTaMgLay mansPaByagNa GatμaGj

kalrmáabnUvkaysg¡ar d*lÁitsuxum mansPaBy¨agenaH eTIb

dkdegØImecj eTIbdkdegØImcUl .

:n»za Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kalrmáab nUvkaysg¡ar

eTIbdkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGj kalrmáab nUvkaysg¡ar

eTIbdkdegØImcUl edayGakar;yagenHehIy kalebIy¨agenH

karR:kd énkar:nnUvxül minTanman karR:kd éndegØImecj

nig cUl k*minTanman karR:kd énGana:nsSti k*minTan´man

TaMgkarR:kd énGana:nsStismaZi k*minTan´maneT bNÐitTaMg

Lay rEmgmincUlkansmabtþienaHpg minecjcaksmabtþienaH

pg :n»za Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kalrmáabnUvkaysg¡ar eTIb

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visuTÆimK< ERb 109

citþ k*mindlnUvesckþIraymay kñúgkalCaxageRkay eRBaHcitþ

yknimitþ énxüldegØImecj nig degØImcUl d*lÁitCaGarmμN¾ k*

y¨agenaHEdr kalebIyagenH karR:kd énkar:nnUvxülk*man

karR:kd énxüldegØImecj nig xüldegØImcUlk*man karR:kd

énGana:nsStik*man TaMgkarR:kdénGana:nsStismaZik*man

bNÐitTaMgLay rEmgcUlkansmabtþienaHpg rEmgecjcak

smabtþienaHpg kayKWxüldegØImecj nig xüldegØImcUl rbs´

Pikú¡kalrmáab nUvkaysg¡ar eQμaHzaóbdðan sti eQμaHzaGnu-

bsSnajaN kay eQμaHzaóbdðan mineQμaHzastieT cMENk

xagsti eTIbeQμaHza óbdðanpg eQμaHzastipg Pikú¡ rEmg

BicarNaeXIjnUvkayenaH edaystienaH edayjaNenaH eRBaH

ehtuenaH elakeBalza karBicarNaeXIjnUvkaykñúgkay KWkar

cMerInnUvstib|dðan ‘1’ ³ . enHCakarBN(nabTtamlMdabénctuk,;TI1 EdlRTgRtas´

edayGMNacénkayanubsSna kñúgGana:nsStienaH CadMbUg .

‘viZIhVwkhat´eZVI’

‘168’ k*eRBaHzakñúgctuk,;TaMg 4 enaH ctuk,;enHÉg KWRBH

manRBHPaKRTgRtas´ edayGMNacénkmμdðan énGaTikmμikeyaKI

cMENkctuk,;TaMgLay 3 eRkAenH RBHGg<RTgRtasehIy eday

GMNac énevTnanubsSna citþanubsSna nig ZmμanubsSna én

RBHeyaKI Gñk:nnUvQanehIy kñúgbfmCÄanenH eRBaHehtuenaH

1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ PaKTI 70 TMB&rTI 145 .

110 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

GaTikmμikkulbuRt GñkR:zñaedIm|IcMerInnUvkmμdðanenH ehIyseRmc

nUvRBHGrhtþ RBmTaMgbdismÖiTaTaMgLay edayvibsSna Edl

manGana:nsStictutæCÄan CabTdðan Kb|IeZVInUvkic©TaMgBYg TaMg

Lay mankarCRmHnUvsIl tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIy kñúg

kalmunhñwgÉg ehIyer[nyknUvkmμdðan EdlmansnÆi ‘tMN’ 5

kñúgsMNak énGacarümanRbkar;EdleyIgeBalehIy .

‘bJ©snÆi’

enH CatMN 5 kñúgGana:nsStienaH KW; kiriyaer[nyk

kiriyasaksYr kiriyaR:kd kiriyasMerc kiriyakMNt . kñúgsnÆi

5 yagenaH karer[nyknUvkmμdðan eQμaHza óK<h; . karsak

sYrnUvkmμdðan eQμaHza bribucäna . karR:kdc|as énkmμdðan

eQμaHza óbdðan; . karsMercnUvkmμdðan eQμaHza Gb|na . kar

kMNtnUvkm μdðan GZib|ayza ; karRTRTgTuknUvsPav; énkm μdðan

za ²kmμdðanenH manlk¡N;yagenH³ dUecñH eQμaHza lk¡N; .

RBHeyaKIkaler[nyknUvkmμdðanEdlmansnÆi 5 yagenH

minlM:kedayxøÜnÉgpg TaMgmineb[teb[nGacarüpg eRBaHehtu

enaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IjúaMgGacarü osMEdgbnþicehIy sVaZüay

GskaleRcIn er[nyknUvkmμdðanEdlmansnÆi 5 y¨agenHehIy

enAkñúgsMNakénGacarük*:n kñúgTIesnasn;déT manRbkar;dUc

eBalmkehIy kñúgkalmunk*:n manblieBaZtUc>pþacbgehIy

manP&tþkic©eZVIehIy benÞabgnUvesckþIRsvwgkñúgP&tþ Gg<úyoRsYl

eZVIcitþorIkray edaykiriyarlwker]y> nUvKuNRBHrtnéRtehIy

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112 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

Kb|IsMEdgkarrab dacRtgcenøaH . eRBaHza kalRBHeyaKIbJÄb

xageRkam cMnYn 5 citþúb|aT rEmgjab´j&r kñúgOkasd*cegÁ{t dUc

CahVÚgeKa EdlnayeKa:lXaMgTukehIy kñúgeRkald*cergÁ{t

jabj&rdUecñaH . kalRBHeyaKInaMeTA xagelI cMnYn 10 citþúb|aT

rEmgGaRs&yenAEtnwgkarrabhñwgÉg . kalebIRBHeyaKI sMEdg

karrabdac kñúgcenøaH citþ rEmgkeRmIkjabj&r za ²kmμdðan rbs

GatμaGj dlTIbMput ßhñ@ ß minTan´dlTIbMput³ eRBaHehtuenaH

RBHeyaKI Kb|Iev[r nUveTasTaMgLayenHehIy rabcuH .

‘karrab´yWt>’

k*GaTikmμikkulbuRt kalrab Kb|Irab edayviZIrabyWt>

KWrabdUcCabuK<lGñkvalRsUv CadMbUg . EmnBit buK<lGñkval´

RsUv júaMgnaLi oeBjehIy eBalza ²mYy³ ehIyk*cakZarcuH

kalbMeBjmþgeT[t eXIjnUvsMramNamYy k*ecalnUvsMramenaH

ehIyeBalza ²mYy mYy³ dUecñH . kúñgkarrabTaMgLay mankar

rabza ²BIr BIr³ dUecñH k*mann&ydUcKñaenHEd yagNamij sUm|I

GaTikmμikkulbuRtenH k*Kb|Ikan´yknUvxüldegØImecj nig xül´

degØImcUlEdlR:kd ehIykMNtnUvxül EdlRbRBwtþeTAer]y>

enaHÉg ehIyrab cabedImtaMgBI ²mYy mYy³ rhUteTAdl ²db

db³ k*y¨agenaHEdr .

‘viZIrab´rh&s’

kalGaTikmμikkulbuRtenaH rab´y¨agenH xüldegØImecj

nig xüldegØImcUl EdlkMBugecj nig kMBugcUl rEmgR:kd .

visuTÆimK< ERb 111

kMuoePøcPøaMgsUm|IbTmYy GMBIkarer[nGMBIGacarü Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ

nUvGana:nsStikmμdðanenH .

‘viZImnsikar’

‘169’ enHCaviZImnsikar kñúgGana:nsStikmμdðanenaH KW;

1- KNna karrabç

2- GnuBnÆna karcgeRk[kç 3- pusna karBalRtUvç

4- fbna kartMklnUvcitþç

5- sløk¡Na karkMNtCakç

6- vivdþna karpøas´bþÚrç

7- :risuTÆi esckþIbrisuTÆiç

8- etsJ© bdibsSna nig R:C\aeXIjnUvmK< nig plTaMgenaH.

kñúgbTTaMgenaH karrabhñwgÉg eQμaHza KNna . karnaM

mktamlMdab eQμaHza GnuBnÆna . TIEdlBalRtUv eQμaHza

pusna . karsMerc eQμaHza fbna . kareXIjc|as eQμaHza

sløk¡Na . mK< eQμaHza vivdþna . pl eQμaHza :risuTÆi .

karBicarNaeXIjc|as eQμaHza karBicarNaeXIjc|asnUvmK<

nig plTaMgLayenaH .

‘KNna viZIrab´’

kñúgmnsikarviZITaMgenaH GaTikmμikkulbuRtenH Kb|IeZVITuk

kñúgcitþ nUvkmμdðanenH edaykarrab Camun . k*kalrab minKb|I

bJÄb xageRkam cMnYn 5 minKb|InaMeTA xagelI cMnYn 10 min

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visuTÆimK< ERb 113

bnÞabmk RBHeyaKIenH Kb|IlHbg nUvkarrabyWt KWkarrabdUc

CabuK<lGñkvalRsUvenaH ehIyrab edaykarraby¨agel]n KWrab

dUcCanayeKa:l . EmnBit nayeKa:lEdlqøat daknUvRkYs

TaMgLay nwgzñk manExS nig dMbg kñúgéd edIreTAkan´eRkal taMg

BIRBlwmRsag eKaHeKaTaMgLay Rtgxñg Gg<úy elIcugénssr

Ek|reRkal pÞateTAehIy> nUvRkYs ehIyrabnUvemeKa Edldl´

ehIy> nUvTVarhñwgÉg ehIyrabza ²mYy BIr³ dUecñH . hVÚgeKa

EdlenAyaglM:k kñúgOkasEdlcegÁ{t GsraRtI manyam 3

kalecjmk k*RbeRc[tKñanwgKña mansPaBCahVÚg> ecjeTA

edayrh&s . nayeKa:lenaH k*rab edayrh&s> za ²bI bYn

R:MÇÇÇ db³ dUecñH . kalRBHeyaKIenH rab tamn&ymun yagenH

xüldegØImecj nig xüldegØImcUl CasPav;R:kd sJ©reTA

er]y> yagel]n> . bnÞabmk RBHeyaKIenaHKb|Idwgza ²xül´

degØImecj nig xüldegØImcUl EtgsJ©reTAer]y>³ dUecñHehIy

minkan´yk nUvxülGsSasbsSas; TaMgxagkñúg TaMgxageRkA

kan´ykEtxülEdlmkdlnUvTVarbu¨eNÑaH ehIyrabel]n> za ;

1 2 3 4 5ç

1 2 3 4 5 6ç

1 2 3 4 5 6 7ç

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8ç

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9ç

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 dUecñHÉg .

114 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

eRBaHza kñúgkmμdðan EdlCabTakTg edaykarrab citþ CaZmμCat

manGarmμN¾EtmYy edaykMLaMg énkarrabhñwgÉg dUcCakarct

nUvTUkkñúgExSTwkd*kMNac edayGMNacénkarTbedayezñal yag

dUecñaHÉg . kalRBHeyaKIenaH rab´el]n> y¨agenH km μdðan

rEmgR:kd dUcCaRbRBwtþeTAehIy minmancenøaH . bnÞabmk RBH

eyaKIenaH Kb|Idwgza ²km μdðanrEmgRbRBwtþeTAminmancenøaH³ dUecñH

ehIy kMukan´yknUvxülxagkñúg nig xülxageRkA ehIyrabeday

rh&séRkeBk tamn&ymunhñwgÉg . eRBaHza kalRBHeyaKIbJ¢Ún

citþeTA CamYynwgxülEdlcUleTA xagkñúg citþ eRb[bdUcCaRtUv

xülbke:kehIy nig dUcCaeBjehIy edayxøajxab BÆd*xag

kñúg . kalRBHeyaKI naMcitþecjmk CamYynwgxül Edlecj

mkxageRkA citþ rEmgraymay kñúgGarmμN¾EdlRkas BÆd*xag

eRkA . luHdlRBHeyaKI tm,l´nUvsti kúñgOkasEdlxülBal´

RtUvehIycMerInhñwgÉg eTIbPavna seRmc . eRBaHehtuenaH x\úM

m©aseBalza ²RBHeyaKI kMukan´yknUvxül TaMgxagkñúg TaMgxag

eRkA ehIyrab edayrh&séRkeBk tamn&ymunenaHÉg³ .

sYrza ²k*xülGsSasbsSas;nu@H etIRBHeyaKI Kb|Irab´

yUrbu¨n μaneTA/³ . eqøIyza ²RBHeyaKI Kb|Irab rhUtev[rcakkar

rabehIy sti k*taMgenARBm kñúgGarmμN¾ KWxüldegØImecj nig

xüldegØImcUl³ . eRBaHza karrab´ k*edIm|IeZVIkarkatpþac nUvvitk,;

EdlraldaleTA BÆd*xageRkAehIy tm,lnUvsti kñúgGarmμN¾ KW

GsSasbsSas; o:nhñwgÉg . RBHeyaKI luHeZVITukkñúgcitþ

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116 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayGMNac énkarBalRtUvpg edayGMNac

énkartm,lTukpg .

EmnBit kareZVITukkñúgcitþ edayGMNacénkarBalRtUv nig

kartm,l´Tuk minmanepSg dUcCakareZVITukkñúgcitþ edayGMNac én

karrab nig karCabtameT . Etza RBHeyaKIkalrab kñúgTIEdl

xülBalRtUvehIy> hñwgÉg eZVITukkñúgcitþ edaykarrab nig kar

BalRtUv pÁakkarrab kñúgTIEdlxülBalRtUvehIy> enaHÉg p©g´

stieTAtamxülGsSasbsSas;TaMgenaH nig tm,lcitþ eday

GMNacénGb|na elakehAza ²eZVITukkñúgcitþ edayGnuBnÆnapg

edaypusnapg edayfbnapg³ dUecñH . esckþIenHenaH bNÐit

Kb|IRCab edayesckþIóbmaedaybursxVin nig qμaMTVar EdlRBH

Gdðkzacarü eBalehIy kñúgGdðkzaTaMgLay nig edayesckþI

óbmaedayrNar EdlelakeBalehIy kñúgbdismÖiTa .

bNþaóbmaTaMgenaH enHeKWCasckþIóbma edaybursxVin .

bursxVin eyaleTag edIm|Imata nig buRtTaMgLaykMBugelgeTag

Gg<úy eT[beCIgssreTag kñúgTIenaHÉg rEmgeXIjnUvTIbMputTaMg

BIrpg nUvBakkNþalpg énEpnkþareTag EdlmkpgeTApg tam

lMdab EtzaCaGñkminxVlxVay edIm|IeXIj nUvTIbMputTaMgBIr nig

RtgkNþal yagNamij Pikú¡QrenA Ek|rssrEdlcUleTAcg

edayGMNacénsti eyalnUveTagKWxülGsSasbsSas;ehIy

Gg<úy kñúgnimitþenaHÉg edaysti kalp©g edaysti tm,lcitþ

RtgTIEdlxülBalRtUvehIy> hñwgÉg k*rEmgeXIj nUvxagedIm

visuTÆimK< ERb 115

edayviZIrab yagenHehIy Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edaykarrab tam

lMdab ‘bnþeTAeT[t’ .

‘GnuBnÆna viZIrab´tamxül´’

kiriyapÁakTuknUvkarrab ehIybJ¢Únsti eTAtamxüldegØIm

ecj nig xüldegØImcUl minomancenøaH eQμaHza GnuBnÆna .

Etza karbJ¢ÚnenaH minKb|IeZVI edayGMNacénkarbJ¢ÚneTAkan´

xagedIm kNþal nig xagcugeT . eRBaHza sMrabxülecjeTA

xageRkA p©wt KWxagedIm ebHdUg KWkNþal xagcug KWRcmuH .

sMrabxülEdlcUleTAxagkñúg cugRcmuH eQμaHzaxagedIm ebHdUg

eQμaHza kNþal p©wt eQμaHza xagcug . k*kalRBHeyaKIenaH

bJ¢ÚneTA nUvxülGsSasbsSas;enaH citþ EdldlnUvesckþI

raymay rEmgman edIm|IesckþIraymaypg edIm|Ikiriyajab

j&rpg . dUcCaRBHsarIbuRt eBalza ²kalPikú¡p©gs μartIeTAkan´

xüldkdegØImecj xagedIm kNþal nig xagcug kay nig citþ

rEmgCasPav;rJ¢Üypg rMePIbpg jabj&rpg edaysarcitþEdl

e:HeTA kñúgxüldegØImxagkñúg kalPikú¡p©gs μartIeTAkanxül´dk

degØImcUl xagedIm kNþal nig xagcug kay nig citþ rEmg

CasPav;rJ¢Üypg rMePIbpg jabj&rpg edaysarcitþEdl

e:HeTAkñúgxüldegØImxageRkA ‘1’ ³ . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI

kaleZVITukkñúgcitþ edaykarCabtam minKYreZVITukkñúgcitþ eday

GMNacénxülxagedIm kNþal nig xagcugeT . Etza RBHeyaKI

1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ PaKTI 70 TMB&rTI 91 .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 117

RtgkNþal nig xagcug énxülGsSasbsSas; kñúgTIEdl

xülTaMgenaH mkpgeTApg BalRtUvehIy> edaylMdab Etza

Pikú¡enH CaGñkminxVlxVay edIm|IeXIj nUvxülGsSasbsSas;

TaMgenaH . enHCaóbmaedaybursxVin .

cMENkóbmaedayGñkqμaMTVar mandUcteTAenH . qμaMTVar min

BicarNa nUvbursTaMgLay TaMgxagkñúg TaMgxageRkA énnKr za

²GñkCaGñkNa ß GñkmkGMBITINa GñkeTATINa ßk* GVImanenA kñúg

édGñk³ dUecñH eRBaHza bursTaMgenaH minEmnCaPar;énqμaMTVarenaHeT

Etza qμaMTVarBicarNa nUvmnusSEdlmkdlTVarehIy mkdlTVar

ehIyEtbu¨eNÑaHÉg yagNamij xülcUleTAxagkñúgkþI xül´

ecjeTAxageRkAkþI minEmnCaPar; énPikú¡enHeT xülEdlmkdl´

TVarehIy mkdlTVarehIyhñwgÉg KWCaPar; énPikú¡enH k*yagenaH

Edr . enH CaóbmaedayGñkqμaMTVar .

cMENkóbmaedayrNar bNÐitKb|IRCab taMgEtGMBIedIm

dUecñHÉg . smdUcCaBaküEdlRBHsarIbuRteBalehIy za ; ‘1’

nimitþ xül´degØImecj nig xül´degØImcUl BMuEmn CaGarm μN¾ rbs´citþEtmYyeT Etza kalPikú¡min dwgnUvZm(TaMgLay 3 Pavna rEmgmin:nsMercç nimitþ xül´degØImecj nig xül´degØImcUl min EmnCaGarm μN¾ rbs´citþEtmYyeT Etza kalPikú¡ dwgnUvZm(TaMgLay 3 Pavna rEmg:nsMerc . 1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ PaKTI 70 TMB&rTI 104 .

118 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

manGZib|aydUcemþc/ . manGZib|ayza ; Zm(TaMgLay 3 enH

minEmnCaGarm μN¾ rbscitþEtmYyeT Etza Zm(TaMgLay 3 enH

minEmnCaZm( KWPikú¡enaH mindwgeT citþ mindlnUvesckþIraymay

pg bZan ‘esckþIBüayam’ rEmgR:kdpg TaMgRBHeyaKI k*júaMg

RbeyaK oseRmcpg rEmg:nnUvKuNviess eRb[bbIdUcCa

edImeQIEdleKdaMehIy kñúgPUmiPaKEdlesμI bursKb|IkatnUvedIm

eQIenHenaH edayrNa sti KWburs‘enaH’ taMgTukehIy eday

GMNac éneZ μjrNar EdlBalRtUvedImeQI bursenaH min:n

eZVITukkñúgcitþ nUveZμjrNar EdlmkehIypg EdleTAehIypgeT

Etza eZμjrNar EdlmkehIykþI EdleTAehIykþI k*minEmnburs

enaH mindwgenaHeT bZan ‘esckþIBüayam’ rEmgR:kdpg burs

enaH rEmgjúaMgRbeyaK oseRmcpg rEmg:n nUvKuNviess

y¨agNamijç nimitþCaeRK]gcUleTAcgepÁab eRb[bdUcCaedImeQI

EdleKdaMehIy kñúgPUmiPaKEdlesμI xüldegØImecj nig xül´

degØImcUl eRb[bdUcCaeZμjrNarç sti CaZmμCati KWburs taMg

TukehIy edayGMNacéneZμjrNarEdlBalRtUvedImeQI Etza

bursenaH min:neZVITukkñúgcitþ nUveZμjrNarEdlmk ß eTAeLIy

TaMgeZμjrNar EdlmkehIykþI EdleTAehIykþI k*minEmnCa

bursenaH mindwgenaHeT bZan ‘esckþIBüayam’ rEmgR:kdpg

bursenaH rEmgjúaMgRbeyaK oseRmcpg rEmg:nKuNviess

y¨agNamijç Pikú¡ Gg<úytaMgsti RtgcugRcmuHkþI Rtgnimitþ én

matkþI mineZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvxülGsSasbsSas;EdlmkehIy ß

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120 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

enH CaóbmaedayrNar .

‘170’ k*ehtuRtwmEtRBHeyaKIenaHmineZVITukkñúgcitþ eday

GMNacénxülGsSasbsSas;bu¨eNÑaH bNÐitKb|IRCabza Ca

RbeyaCn¾ kñúgesckþIóbmaedayrNarenH .

k*nimitþ ekIteLIg nig fbna eBalKWGb|na EdlRbdab

edayGg<Qand*ess rEmgsMerc edaykalminyUrhñwgÉg dl´

RBHeyaKIBYkxøH EdleZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvkmμdðanenH . EtsRmabRBH

eyaKIBYkxøH nakalesckþIRkvlRkvaypøÚvkay sábrmáabehIy

edayGMNacénkarrMlt nUvxülGsSasbsSas; d*eRKatRKat

tamlMdab cabedImGMBIkalCaTIeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayGMNacénkar

rab kaykþI citþkþI CaZm μCatRsal srIr; eRb[bbIdUcCadlnUv

Gakar;GENþteLIg BÆd*Gakas . kalRBHeyaKImankayRkvl´

Rkvay Gg<úy elIERKkIþ elItaMgkþI ERK nig taMg rEmgRTuDcuH »

RkibeRk[b kMral cabepþImrYjç Etza kalRBHeyaKIminmankay

RkvlRkvay Gg<úy elIERKkIþ elItaMgkþI ERK nig taMg rEmgmin

RTuDcuH min»RkibeRk[beT eRK]gkMralmincabepþImrYjeT ERK nig

taMg eRb[bdUcCaBUkRtUveKjatehIyedaybu¨yKr . eRBaHehtuGVI

eRBaHkayEdlminRkvlRkvay rEmgCaZmμCatRsal eRBaHehtu

Na eRBaHehtuenaH kalesckþIRkvlRkvayénkay sámrmaáb´

ehIy edayGMNacénkiriyarMltnUvxülGsSasbsSas; Edl

eRKatRKat tamlMdab cabedImGMBIkalCaTIeZVITukkñúgcitþ eday

GMNacénkarrab kaykþI citþkþI CaZmμCatRsal srIr; CaZmμCat

visuTÆimK< ERb 119

EdleTAehIy Etza xülGsSasbsSas;EdlmkehIykþI Edl

eTAehIykþI minEmnCasPav;KWPikú¡enaHmindwgenaHeT bZan ‘esckþI

Büayam’ rEmgR:kdpg Pikú¡enaH rEmgjúaMgRbeyaK oseRmc

pg rEmg:nnUvKuNviess k*y¨agenaHEdr .

Baküza ²bZan³ mansMNYrza bZan etIdUcemþc . eqøIy

za TaMgkayTaMgcitþ énPikú¡GñkmanBüayamR:rBÆehIy CaZmμCat

KYrdlkargar enH eQμaHza bZan .

sYrza RbeyaK etIdUcemþc . eqøIyza óbk,ielsTaMgLay

KWPikú¡GñkmanBüayamR:rBÆehIy EtglHbg:n vitk,;TaMgLay

k*rmáab:n enH eQ μaHza RbeyaK .

sYrza KuNviess etIdUcemþc . eqøIyza sMeyaCn;TaMg

Lay KWPikú¡GñkmanBüayamR:rBÆehIy EtglHbg:n Gnus&y

TaMgLay k*dlnUvesckþIvinas enH eQμaHza KuNviess .

Zm(TaMg 3 enH minEmnCaGarm μN¾ rbscitþEtmYyeT Etza

Zm(TaMg 3 enH minEmnCaZm( KWRBHeyaKIenaHmindwgenaHeT citþ

k*mindlnUvesckþIraymaypg bZan rEmgR:kdpg RBHeyaKI

rEmgjúaMgRbeyaKoseRmcpg :nnUvKuNviess dUecñHÉg .

Gana:nsSti buK<lNa:nbMeBjehIy cMerIn ehIy edayRbéB snSMehIy edaylMdab´ o dUcRBHBuTÆRTg´sMEdgTukehIy buK<lenaH rEmg júaMgelakenH oPøWc|as´ dUcCaRBHc&nÞ Edlput RsLHcakBBk .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 121

eRb[bdUcCadlnUvGakar;GENþteLIg BÆd*Gakas k*y¨agenaHEdr.

kalxülGsSasbsSas; d*eRKatRKat rltehIy citþ rbs

RBHeyaKIenaH mannimitþKWxülGsSasbsSas;d*lÁit CaGarm μN¾

rEmgRbRBwtþeTA . sUm|InimitþenaH rltehIy citþ déT> eT[t Ca

ZmμCatmannimitþ KWxül´GsSasbsSas; d*lÁitéRkElgCagenaH

CaGarm μN¾ rEmgRbRBwtþeTAhñwgÉg. sYrza edayRbkardUcemþc .

eqøIyza ²bNÐitKb|IRCabza eRb[bdUcburseKaHrKaMgsMriTÆi eday

bnÞHelah;d*ZM sMeLgd*xøaMg Kb|IekIteLIg edaykarvayEtmþg

bu¨eNÑaH citþrbs´bursenaHCacitþmansMeLgeRKatRKatCaGarm μN¾

RbRBwtþeTA . kalsMeLgEdleRKatRKat rltehIy RKaenaH

eRkaymk citþrbs´bursenaHk*mannimitþénsMeLgd*lÁitCaGarmμN¾

sUm|IkalnimitþenaH rltehIy citþ déT> eT[t CaZm μCatman

nimtþénsMeLg d*lÁitéRkElgCagenaHCaGarmμN¾ rEmgRbRBwtþeTA

y¨agdUecñaHÉg³ . EmnBit sUm|IRBHsarIbuRt k*:neBalBakü

enH ‘kñúgbdismÖiTamK<’ za ²eRb[bdUcCa nakalrKaMg RtUveKvay

ehIyÇÇdz dUecñHCaedIm . esckþIBisþar bNÐitKb|IRCab ‘tamn&y

kñúgbdismÖiTaenaHcuH’ .

‘lk¡N;EdlepSgcakkmμdðandéT’ dUcCakmμdðanTaMgLaydéT rEmgR:kdc|as BÆd*xagelI>

y¨agNamij kmμdðanenH mindUecñaHeT . EtzakmμdðanenH kalRBH

eyaKIcMerIn x¬seLIgeTA> rEmgdlnUvPaBd*lÁit mincUleTAdl´

karR:kdeLIy . EtzakalkmμdðanenaH minTan´R:kd yagenH

122 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

Pikú¡enaH minRtUveRkakcakGasn; ehIyrlas nUvkMNatEs|k

edIreTAeLIy . sYrza etIKb|IeZVIy¨agdUcemþc . eqøIyza Pikú¡ min

KYreRkak edayKitza ²GatμaGj nwgsYrnUvGacarü³ dUecñH ß ßza

²«LÚvenH kmμdðanrbsGatμaGj vinasehIy³ dUecñHeLIy eRBaH

za RBHeyaKIkaljúaMg«riyabz okMerIkehIyeTA km μdðan Ca

kmμdðanenAEtzμI> dEdl eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKIGg<úyyagNa

hñwgÉg Kb|InaMmkcakTIkEnøg .

‘ó:ynaMxül´’

enHCaó:ynaMmk kñúgBaküenaH . Pikú¡enaH dwgPav;KWkiriya

minR:kd énkmμdðanehIy Kb|IBicarNa dUecñHza ²eQμaHza xül´

GsSasbsSas;TaMgenH rEmgman kñúgTINa minmankñúgTINa

mandlbuK<lNa ß minmandlbuK<lNa³ dUecñH . tmk kal

RBHeyaKI BicarNayagenH k*dwgza ²xülGsSasbsSas;TaMg

enH minmandlstVTaMgLay BÆd*xagkñúg épÞénmata minmandl

buK<lTaMgLayEdlmuCcuHkñúgTwk mYyvijeT[t minmandlbuK<l

TaMgLay EdlCaGsJ¦IstV minman dlbuK<lTaMgLayEdl

søabehIy minmandlGriybuK<lTaMgLay EdlcUlctutæCÄan

minmandlGriybuK<lTaMgLay GñkRbkbedayrUbPBnigGrUbPB

minmandlGriybuK<lTaMgLayEdlcUlnieraZ³ dUecñHehIy Kb|I

BicarNaxøÜn edayxøÜnÉg yagenHza ²EnbNÐit ERkgGñkminEmn

fitenA kñúgépÞénmata minEmnmuCcuH kñúgTwk minEmnCaGsJ¦IstV

minEmnCaGñksøab minEmnCaGñkcUl nUvctutæCÄan minEmnCaGñk

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124 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

dUcCa kñúgeBlEdlbuK<leZVIkarCul nUvsadksacmt sUm|Im¢úl

d*qμar KWbuK<lKb|IR:zña sUm|IecssMrabedat nUvec|asénm¢úl d*

qμaréRkElgCagenaH k*buK<lKb|IR:zñaEdr yagNamij kñúgeBl

cMerInnUvkmμdðanenH EdlR:kdesμIedaysadksacmt sti Edl

eRb[bdUcCam¢úlpg bJ¦ad*sm|yutþedaystienaHpg EdleRb[b

dUcCaecssMrabedat nUvec|asénm¢úlpg EdlmankMLaMg KWRBH

eyaKIKb|IR:zña k*y¨agenaHEdr .

k*Pikú¡GñkRbkbedaysti nig bJ¦aTaMgenaH minKYrEsVgrk

xülGsSasbsSas;TaMgenaH kñúgTIdéTGMBIOkasEdlxülBal´

RtUv tamRbRktIeT . eRb[bdUcCa GñkERsP¢ÜrERsehIyElgeKa

cMerInTaMgLay edjomanmuxeq¬aHeTAkan´TIeKacr Gg<úysMrakenA

eRkammøb kalebIdUecñaH eKacMerInTaMgenaH rbsGñkERsenaH Kb|I

cUleTAkandgéRB edayel]n GñkERsEdlCaGñkqøat R:zñacg´

cabeKaTaMgnu@H ykmkTwmmþgeT[t min:ceTAtamsñameCIgeKaTaMg

enaHeT edIreTAkan´dgéRB RKan´Etkan´ykExS nig CnøÜj ehIyedIr

tRmgRtg eTAkan´kMBgTwkEdleKaTaMgenaH enApþúMKñaEtmþg ehIy

Gg<úyßk*edk . eRkaymk GñkERsenaH eXIjeKaTaMgenaHRtac´

eTA GscMENkénézáehIy cuHkMBgTwkCaTIRbCMuKña RtaMpg pwkpg

ehIyeLIgmkQrenA k*ykExScg caknwgCnøÜj naMykeTATwm

eZVIkargar mþgeT[t yagNamij Pikú¡enaH minKb|IEsVgrkxül´

GsSasbsSas;TaMgenaH kñúgTIdéTGMBIOkasEdlxülenaHBal´

RtUvehIytamRbRktI RKanEtkanyknUvExSKWsti nig CnøÜjKWbJ¦a

visuTÆimK< ERb 123

RbkbRBmedayrUbPB nig GrUbPB minEmnCaGñkcUlnieraZ xül´

GsSasbsSas;TaMgenaH enAEtmandEdlhñwgÉg EtGñkminGac

edIm|IkMNt:neT eRBaHPaBénxøÜnCaGñkmanR:C\ad*TnexSay³ .

bnÞabmk RBHeyaKIenaH Kb|ItaMgcitþ edayGMNacénxülEdl

BalRtUvehIytamRbRktI ehIyjúaMgmnsikar oRbRBwtþeTA . k*

xülGsSasbsSas;TaMgenH sMrabbuK<lmanRcmuHEvg xÞbnUv

ekþagRcmuHRbRBwtþeTA . xülGsSasbsSas;TaMgenH sMrabGñk

manRcmuHxøI xÞbnUvbbUrmatBÆd*xagelI RbRBwtþeTA . eRBaHehtuenaH

RBHeyaKIenaH Kb|Itm,lnUvnimitþza ²xülGsSasbsSas; xÞb´

nUvTIeQμaHenH³ . EmnBit RBHmanRBHPaK RTgGaRs&ynUvGMNac

énRbeyaCn¾enH eTIbRTgRtas´za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay tzaKt min

eBalnUvkarcMerInGana:nsSti dlbuK<lGñkePøcPøaMgsti Gñkmin

dwgxøÜn³ dUecñHCaedIm .

EmnBit kmμdðanNanimYy rEmgsMerc dlbuK<lGñkman

sti GñkdwgxøÜnEtbu¨eNÑaH k*BitEmnehIy k*bu¨EnþzakmμdðandéTeRkA

GMBIkmμdðanenH rEmgR:kdc|as dlGñkEdleZVITukkñúgcitþ> . É

Gana:nsStikmμdðanenH Zán karPavnak*Zán´ CaPUmiénmnsikar én

RBHBuTÆ RBHbec©kBuTÆ nig buRtrbsRBHBuTÆTaMgLayEdlCamha-

bursbu¨eNÑaH minEmnCakmμdðanzyezakeT nig minEmnCakmμdðan

EdlstVzñaklμmesB:neT KWeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayRbkarNa>

k*rEmgsábrmáab nig lÁit edayRbkarenaH> eRBaHehtuenaH

kñúgkmμdðanenH sti nig bJ¦a d*mankMLaMgKWRBHeyaKIKb|IR:zña .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 125

tm,lcitþ kñúgOkasEdlxülBalRtUvehIy tamRbRktI ehIy

júaMgmnsikar oRbRBwtþeTA d|itza kalPikú¡enaH eZVITukkñúgcitþ

y¨agenH minyUrbu¨n μaneLIy xülGsSasbsSas;TaMgenaH rEmg

R:kd dUceKaTaMgLayEdlR:kd Rtg´kMBgTwkEdlCaTIRbCMucuH

tGMBIenaHmk Pikú¡enaHKb|IykExSKWsticg TwmkñúgTIenaHÉg eRsc

ehIycakedayCnøÜjKWbJ¦a RbkbnUvkmμdðaner]y> k*y¨agenaH

Edr . kalPikú¡enaH RbkbyagenH minyUrbu¨nμan nimitþ k*R:kd .

‘nimitþR:kdepSgKña’

k*GacarüTaMgLayBYkxøH eBalza ²nimitþenHenaH minEmn

CanimitþR:kdesμIEtmYy dlRBHeyaKITaMgBYgeLIy bu¨Enþza nimitþ

enaH rEmgR:kd dlRBHeyaKIBYkxøH dUcCabu¨uyKrk*man dUcCa

bu¨ykb|ask*man dUcCaZñarénxülk*man EdljúaMgsuxsmösS

oekIteLIg³ .

cMENkesckþIvinicä&y kñúgGdðkzaTaMgLay dUcteTAenH .

k*nimitþenH rEmgR:kd dlRBHeyaKIBYkxøH dUcCarUbp,ayk*man

dUcCaduMEkvmNIk*man dUcCadMuEkvmukþak*man sMrabRBHeyaKIBYkxøH

CanimitþmansmösSrwg rEmgR:kd dUcCaRKabkb|ask*man dUcCa

rnukeQIEdlmanxøwmk*man sMrabRBHeyaKIBYkxøH rEmgR:kd dUc

CaExSsgVad*Evgk*man dUcCakRmgp,ak*man dUcCaGNþatEpSgk*

man sMrabRBHeyaKIBYkxøH rEmgR:kd dUcCasrésBIgBagEdl

latehIyk*man dUcCadM:rBBkk*man dUcCap,aQUkk*man dUcCa

kgrzk*man dUcCamNÐl énRBHc&nÞk*man nig dUcCamNÐlénRBH

126 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

GaTitük*man . k*ÉkmμdðanenHenaH EtmYyKt rEmgR:kd eday

esckþIepSgKña k*eRBaHPaBénRBHeyaKImansJ¦aepSgKña eRb[bdUc

Ca kalPikú¡TaMgLayeRcInrUb Gg<úysVaZüaynUvRBHsURt kal

Pikú¡mYyrUb eBalza ²RBHsURtenH R:kddlelakTaMgLay dUc

CaGIV³ dUecñHç Pikú¡mYyrUb k*eqøIytbza ²R:kddlx\úM dUcCasÞwgd*ZM

EdlhUrecjGMBIPñM³ dUecñHç Pikú¡déTeT[t eqøIyza ²‘nimitþenH’ rEmg

R:kddlx\úM dUcCadgéRBmYy³ dUecñHç Pikú¡mYyrUbeT[t eqøIyza

²‘nimitþenH’ R:kddlx\úM dUcCaedImeQI EdleBjehIy eday

TmánénEpø EdlbribUreTAedayEmk manmøbd*RtCak³ dUecñH . Emn

Bit RBHsURtenaH EtmYyKt rEmgR:kd dlPikú¡TaMgLayenaH

epSgKña eRBaHPikú¡TaMgenaHmansJ¦aepSgKña yagdUecñaH . eRBaHza

kmμdðanenH ekItGMBIsJ¦a mansJ¦aCaehtu mansJ¦aCaEdnekIt

eRBaHehtuenaH bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²rEmgR:kd edayesckþIepSg

Kña eRBaHPav;énRBHeyaKITaMgenaH mansJ¦aepSgKña³ dUecñHÉg .

‘er]gZm( 3 Rbkar’

k*kñúgkmμdðanenH citþ EdlmanxüldegØImecjCaGarm μN¾

CacitþmYy citþ EdlmanxüldegØImcUlCaGarmμN¾ CacitþmYy citþ

EdlmannimitþCaGarmμN¾ k*CacitþmYyEdr . EmnBit Zm(TaMgLay

bIenH minmandlbuK<lNa kmμdðan énbuK<lenaH rEmgmindlnUv

Gb|napg nUvóbcar;pg . bu¨EnþZm(TaMgbIenH mandlbuK<lNa

kmμdðan énbuK<lenaHÉg rEmgdlnUvGb|napg nUvóbcar;pg .

smdUcBaküEdlRBHsarIbuRteBal ‘kñúgbdismÖiTamK<’ za

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visuTÆimK< ERb 127

nimitþ xül´degØImecj nig xül´degØImcUl BMuEmn CaGarm μN¾ rbs´citþEtmYyeT Etza kalPikú¡min dwgnUvZm(TaMgLay 3 Pavna rEmgmin:nsMercç nimitþ xül´degØImecj nig xül´degØImcUl min EmnCaGarm μN¾ rbs´citþEtmYyeT Etza kalPikú¡ dwgnUvZm(TaMgLaybI Pavna rEmg:nsMerc ‘1’ . ‘nimitþR:kdehIyedayeZVIy¨agNa’

‘171’ RBHTIXPaNacarüTaMgLay eBalehIy yagenH

za ; k*kalnimitþ R:kdehIy yagdUecñH Pikú¡enaH Kb|IeTAkan´

sMNakénGacarü ehIyR:bza ²bBiRtelakd*cMerIn GarmμN¾man

sPaBEbbenH rEmgR:kd dlx\úM³ . cMENkGacarü Kb|IR:bza

²nu@HKWCanimitþ³ ßza ²nu@HminEmnCanimitþ³ dUecñHeT Pikú¡enaHRtUvGacarü

R:bza ²mñalGavuesa ehtuenaH many¨agenHÉg³ ehIyeBalza

²GñkcUreZVITukkñúgcitþ yagenHer]y> cuH³ . eRBaHza kalGacarü

eBalza ²Canimitþ³ dUecñH Pikú¡enaH rEmgdlnUvTIbJ©b . kal

Gacarü eBalza ²minEmnCanimitþeT³ dUecñH Pikú¡enaH k*GsesckþI

sg¹wm Kb|IesaHGeg<Iy eRBaHehtuenaH Pikú¡enaH KWGacarüminRtUv

R:bTaMgBIryageLIy RKan´EtRbkbkñúgmnsikarbu¨eNÑaH .

cMENkRBHmCÄimPaNkacarüTaMgLay eBalza ²Pikú¡enaH

KWGacarüKb|IeBalza ; mñalGavuesa enHCanimitþ Ensb|úrs Gñk

1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ PaKTI 70 TMB&rTI 104 .

128 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

cUreZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvkmμdðaner]y>³ .

lMdabenaH RBHeyaKIenH Kb|ItMklcitþ kñúgnimitþhñwgÉg .

Pavna rEmgsMerc dlRBHeyaKIenaH edayGMNacénfbna cab

edImGMBIbdiPaKnimitþenHeTA yagenHÉg . smdUcRBHburaNacarü

TaMgLay eBalza ;

GñkmanR:C\a kalbJÄb´nUvcitþ kñúgnimitþ eZVIo Cak´c|as´ nUvGakar;epSg> eQ μaHza cgeRk[kTuk nUvcitþ rbs´xøÜn kñúgxül´GsSasbsSas; .

cabedImGMBIkarR:kdénnimitþy¨agenH nIvrNZm(TaMgLay

CaZmμCat KWPikú¡enaH RKbsg,tehIyEmnBit kielsTaMgLay

sábesá{mehIy stiCaZmμCatR:kdBit citþk*tMklenAmaM eday

óbcarsmaZiBitEmn .

lMdabenaH nimitþenaH RBHeyaKIenH minKb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ

edayBN( minKb|IBicarNa edaylk¡N;eT . k*bu¨EnþRBHeyaKI

Kb|Iev[r nUvGsb|ayTaMg 7 manGavasCaedIm ehIyesBnUv

sb|ayTaMg 7 enaHÉg Kb|IrkSao:nlÁ dUcCaRBHxtþiymehsI

EzrkSanUvKP(énesþccRkBtííþ nig dUcCaGñkERsEzrkSakMepIménRsUv

salI nig RsUvdMeNIb dUecñaHÉg . bnÞabmk luHRBHeyaKI

rkSanUvnimitþenaH yagenHehIy Kb|IeZVIodl nUvesckþIcMerInTUlM

TUlay edayGMNacénkiriyaeZVITukkñúgcitþ Caer]y> ehIyjúaMg

Gb|naekaslø 10 yag odlRBm ehIyRbkbesckþIBüayam

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visuTÆimK< ERb 129

o:nRbéB . kalRBHeyaKIenaHBüayamy¨agenH ctuk,CÄan nig

bJ©kCÄan rEmgekIteLIg kñúgnimitþenaH tamlMdabénBaküEdl

eyIgeBalehIy kñúgbfvIksiNhñwgÉg .

‘viZIcMerInvibsSna t’

‘kMNt´namrUb’

‘172’ k*Pikú¡ Gñkmanctuk,CÄan nig bJ©kCÄan ekItehIy

y¨agenH CaGñkR:zñaedIm|IcMerInkmμdðan edayGMNacénsløk¡Na

nig vivdþna ehIydlnUvesckþIbrisuTÆi kñúgGana:nsStiPavnaenH

rEmgeZVIQanenaHÉg odlnUvPaBsÞat edayGakar;TaMgLay

5 yagsÞatCMnaj kMNtnUvnamrUbehIy taMgepþImnUvvibsSna .

sYrza ; etItaMgepþImdUcemþc . eqøIyza; d|itza RBHeyaKavcrPikú¡

enaH ecjcakBIsmabtþiehIy rEmgeXIjza krCkay nig citþ

CaEdnekIteLIg énxülGsSasbsSas;TaMgLay . dUcCakal

sñbénCagmas KWbuK<lsb xülEdlGaRs&ynUvsñbpg nUv

esckþIBüayam d*smKYrdlsñbenaH énburspg rEmgsJ©reTA

y¨agNamij xülGsSasbsSas;TaMgLay GaRs&ynUvkay

nig citþ k*yagenaHEdr . tGMBIenaHmk RBHeyaKI kMNtnUvxül

GsSasbsSas;TaMgLay nUvkaypg za CarUb nUvcitþpg nUv

Zm(Edlsm|yutþ edaycitþenaHpg za CaGrUb . enHCaesckþI

seg¡b kñúgkarkMNtnamrUbn@uH . cMENkÉkarkMNtnamnigrUb

nwgmanR:kd xagmux edayesckþIBisþar .

RBHeyaKIluHkMNtnamnigrUbyagenHehIy EsVgrkbc©&y

130 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

énnamnigrUbenaH . k*RBHeyaKI kalEsVgrk eXIjnamnigrUbenaH

ehIyR:rBÆ nUvkiriyaRbRBwtiþeTA énnamnigrUb kñúgkalTaMgLaybI

ehIy qøgnUvesckIþsgS&y CaGñkmanesckþIsgS&yqøgputehIy

elIkeLIg‘nUvnamrUb’ kan´éRtlk¡N¾ edayGMNacénkarBicarNa

nUvklab‘:c’ ehIylHbg nUvvibsSnUbki,elsTaMg 10 man

OPasCaedIm EdlekIteLIg kñúgbuBVPaK énóTyBVyanubsSna

‘kiriyaBicarNaeXIjnUvkarekIt nig karrlt’ ehIykMNt nUv

bdibTajaN EdlputehIy cakóbki,elsTaMgLay za CamK<

ehIy lHbgnUvkarekIteLIg seRmcdlPg<anubsSna ‘kiriya

BicarNaeXIjnUvkarEbkZøay’ ehIyk*en]yNay ZujRTan´ kñúg

sg¡arTaMgBYg EdlR:kdeLIgedayPaBKYrP&yxøac edayGMNac

énPg<anubsSna minmancenøaH rYcRsLH dlnUvGriymK< 4 tam

lMdaby¨agNa taMgenAs)b kñúgGrhtþpl dlehIynUvTIbMput

énbc©evk¡NJ¦aN 19 RbePT CaGK<Tki¡eNyü énelak RBm

TaMgeTvelak .

k*karcMerInGana:nsStismaZi énRBHeyaKIenaH EdleZVI

karrabCaxagedIm manbdibsSnaCaTIbMput CaZm μCatcbeRsc

ehIy edayehtumanRbmaNbu¨eNÑHÉg . enHCakarBN(na nUv

ctuk,; TI1 edayGakar;TaMgBYg .

‘173’ cMENkkñúgctuk,;TaMgbIeRkAenH eQμaHzan&y énkar

cMerInkmμdðanepSgminman eRBaHehtuNa eRBaHehtuenaH Kb|IRCab

esckþIénctuk,;TaMgenaHÉg tamn&yénkarBN(naGnubThñwgÉg .

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132 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

rbs´GñkkMNtdwg nUvkayTaMgBYgÇÇÇ edayGMNacénPaBCaGñk

rmáabnUvkaysg¡ar dkdegØImecj nig dkdegØImcUl stik*tm,l´

maM bItienaH eQμaHza Pikú¡ dwgc|as´ehIy edaystienaH eday

jaNenaH kalPikú¡rMBwg bItienaH eQμaHza KWPikú¡enaH dwgc|as´

ehIy kalPikú¡enaHdwgÇÇÇ kaleXIjÇÇÇ kalBicarNaÇÇÇ kal

GZidðannUvcitþÇÇÇkaleC]s)b´edaysTÆaÇÇÇkalp<gesckþIBüayamÇÇÇ

kalRbugTuknUvstiÇÇÇ kaltm,l´nUvcitþÇÇÇ kaldwgc|as eday

bJ¦aÇÇÇ kalRtas´dwg nUvZm(EdlKYrRtas´dwgÇÇÇ kalkMNtdwgnUv

Zm(EdlKYrkMNtdwgÇÇÇ kallHnUvZm(EdlKYrlHÇÇÇ kalcMerInnUv

Zm(EdlKYrcMerInÇÇÇ kaleZVIoCakc|as nUvZm(EdlKYreZVIoCak´

c|asç bItienaH eQμaHza Pikú¡enaH dwgc|asehIyç bItienaH

eQμaHza KWPikú¡enaH dwgc|asehIy yagdUecñHÉg ‘1’ . sUm|IIbTd*essTaMgLay k*bNÐitKb|IRCab edayesckþI

tamn&yenHÉg . EtenHRKan´EtCaesckþIEbøkKñaRtgbTenH . PaB

énRBHeyaKICaGñkdwgc|asnUvsux bNÐitKb|IRCab edayGMNac

énQanTaMgLay 3 PaBénRBHeyaKICaGñkdwgc|as nUvcitþsg¡ar

bNÐitKb|IRCab edayGMNacQanTaMgLay 4 . xnÆTaMgLay

2 manevTnaCaedIm eQμaHza citþsg¡ar . k*kñúgbTza suxb|di- sMevTI enH RBHsarIbuRteBalehIy kñúgbdismÖiTaza ; Baküza

²sux³ :ndl sux 2 yag KWkayiksux 1 ectsiksux 1

edIm|IsMEdgnUvvibsSnaPUmi .

1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ PaKTI 70 TMB&rTI 151 .

visuTÆimK< ERb 131

‘karBN(nactuk,;TI2’

bTza ²bItib|disMevTI³ esckþIza Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj

kaleZVInUvbItioCabItiKWxøÜndwgc|asehIy KWeZVIoR:kd dkdegØIm

ecj dkdegØImcUl . RtgbTza ²bItib|disMevTI³ enaHmanesckþI

za bIti CaZm μCatKWPikú¡dwgc|asehIy edayGakar;TaMgLay 2

KWedayGarm μN¾ 1 edayGsemμah; 1 . sYrza bIti CaZmμCat

KWPikú¡dwgc|asehIy edayGarm μN¾ etIdUcemþc . eqøIyza Pikú¡cUl

Qan 2 EdlmanbIti eRBaHkiriya:nnUvQan bIti CaZmμCat

KWPikú¡enaHdwgc|asehIy edayGarmμN¾ eRBaHPav;énGarmμN¾ Ca

ZmμCat KWPikú¡enaH dwgc|asehIy kñúgxN;EdlcUlsmabtþi .

sYrza bIti CaZm μCat KWPikú¡enaHdwgc|asehIy edayGsemμah;

etIdUcemþc . eqøIyza Pikú¡cUlQan 2 EdlmanbIti ecjehIy

BicarNanUvbIti Edlsm|yutþedayQan edayesckþIGseTA

edayesckþIsUnüeTA bIti CabIti KWPikú¡enaH dwgc|asehIy eday

Gsemμah; eRBaHkiriyacakZøúHnUvlk¡N; kñúgxN;énvibsSna .

smdUcCaRBHsarIbuRteBalehIy kñúgbdismÖiTamK< za ; kalPikú¡

dwgc|asnUvPaBéncitþmanGarmμN¾EtmYy Edlminraymay eday

GMNacéndegØImecjEvg sti k*tm,lmaM bItienaH eQμaHza Pikú¡

dwgc|asehIy edaystienaH edayjaNenaH kalPikú¡dwg

c|asnUvPaBéncitþmanGarmμN¾EtmYy Edlminraymay eday

GMNacéndegØImcUlEvgÇÇÇedayGMNacéndegØ ImecjxøIÇÇÇeday

GMNacéndegØImcUlxøIÇÇÇ edayGMNacéndegØImecj nig degØImcUl

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visuTÆimK< ERb 133

bTza ²bsSmÖyM citþsg¡arM³ esckþIza kalrmáab KWkal

rMltnUvcitþsg¡ar EdleRKatRKat > . bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþI

rltnUvcitþsg¡aenaH edayesckþIBisþar tamn&yEdlelak:n

eBalehIy kñúgkaysg¡arhñwgÉg . mYyeT[t bNþabTTaMgenaH

kñúgbTza bIti elakeBalevTna edayRbZanKWbIti RtgbTza

sux elakeBalevTna edayrUbrbsxøÜnhñwgÉg kñúgbTza citþ-

sg¡arTaMg 2 elakeBalevTna EdlRbkbRBmehIy edaysJ¦a

eRBaH:LIza ²sJ¦a nig evTna CatYectsik Zm(TaMgnu@HCabcMeBaH

edaycitþ eQμaHza citþsg¡ar³ dUecñHÉg .

bNÐitKb|IRCabza ctuk,;enH RBHd*manRBHPaK RTgRtas´

ehIy tamn&yénevTnanubsSna yagenHÉg .

‘ctuk,;TI3’

‘174’ sUm|Ikñúgctuk,; TI3 bNÐit Kb|IRCabPaB énRBH

eyaKICaGñkdwgc|asnUvcitþ edayGMNacénQanTaMgLay 4 .

BIrbTza ²GPib|emaTyM citþM³ esckþIza Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj

kaljúaMgcitþorIkray orIkrayTUeTA oRssRsay oRss

RsayTUeTAnwgdkdegØImecj nwgdkdegØImcUl . RtgbTza ²GPi- b|emaTyM citþM³ enaH esckþIeRtkGrd*éRkElg Etgman eday

Gakar; 2 y¨ag KW edayGMNacénsmaZi 1 edayGMNac én

vibsSna 1 . sYrza esckþIeRtkGrd*éRkElg edayGMNac

énsmaZi etIy¨agdUcemþc . eqøIyza Pikú¡cUlQan 2 Edlman

bIti Pikú¡enaH júaMgcitþorIkray orIkrayTYeTA edaybIti EdlCa

134 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

sm|yutþZm( kñúgxN;EdlcUlsmabtþi . sYrza ; esckþI

eRtkGrd*éRkElg edayGMNacénvibsSna etIdUcemþc . eqøIyza

Pikú¡ cUlQan 2 EdlmanbIti ecjehIy BicarNabIti Edl

sm|yutþedayQan edayesckþIGseTA edayesckþIsUnüeTA

Pikú¡enaH eZVIbItiEdlsm|yutþehIyedayQanoCaGarmμN¾ júaMg

citþorIkray orIkrayTUeTA kñúgxN;énvibsSna y¨agenHÉg .

RBHeyaKIGñkRbtibtþiy¨agenH elakehAza sikSaza Gatμa

Gj nwgjúaMgcitþorIkrayéRkElg dkdegØImecj dkdegØImcUl.

bTBIrza ²smaTyM citþM³ esckþIza RBHeyaKI kaltMkl

nUvcitþoesμI KW taMgcitþoesμI kñúgGarmμN¾ edayGMNacénQan

manbfmCÄanCaedIm ßBMuenaHesat cUlQanTaMgenaHehIy k*

ecj ehIyBicarNanUvcitþEdlsm|yutþehIyedayQan eday

esckþIGs´eTA edayesckþIsUnüeTA PaBéncitþRbRBwtþeTA kñúg

xN;CacitþmanGarmμN¾EtmYy rEmgekIteLIg edaykarcakZøúHnUv

lk¡N; kñúgxN;énvibsSna Pikú¡tMklcitþoesμI KWtaMgcitþoes μI

kñúgGarmμN¾ edayGMNacénxNikcietþkK<ta EdlekIteLIgehIy

y¨agenH elakehAza sikSaza GatμaGj nwgtMkl´citþ onwg

dkdegØImecj dkdegØImcUl .

bTBIrza ²viemacyM citþM³ esckþIza RBHeyaKI kaljúaMg

citþorYc orYcRsLH caknIvrN;TaMgLay edaybfmCÄan

kaljúaMgcitþorYc orYcRsLH cakvitk,; nig vicar;TaMgLay

edayTutiyCÄan kaljúaMgcitþorYc orYcRsLH cakbIti eday

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136 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

eRBaHehtuGVI . eqøIyza eRBaHPav;énxnÆR:MenaH mankarekIteLIg

GssUnüeTA nig CarbsdéT . bTza ²Gnic©ta³ :ndlPaBén

bJ©k¡nÆTaMgenaHÉgmankarekIteLIg GssUnüeTA nig CarbsdéT

ßza PaBénbJ©k¡nÆTaMgenaH manehIy EbreTACaminmaneTAvij .

GZib|ayza Gnic©ta k*KWPaBénbJ©k¡nÆTaMgLayenaH EdlekIt

eLIgehIy mintaMgenA edayGakar;enaHÉg ehIyEbkZøay eday

karEbkZøayRKbxN; . bTza ²Gnic©anubsSna³ KWkarBicarNa

eXIjza mineT[g kñúgxnÆTaMgLay manrUbCaedIm edayGMNac

énGnic©taenaH . bTza ²Gnic©anubsSI³ :ndlRBHeyaKIGñk

RbkbRBm edaykarBicarNaeXIjenaH . eRBaHehtuenaH Pikú¡Ca

GñkyagdUecñHehIy kaldkdegØImecj dkdegØImcUl bNÐitKb|I

RCab za eQμaHza sikSaza GatμaGj CaGñkBicarNaeXIjza

mineT[g nwgdkdegØImecj nwgdkdegØImcUl kñúgTIenH .

‘viraKanubsSI nieraZanubsSI’

cMENkkñúgbTza ²viraKanubsSI³ enH viraK; ‘karR:scak

teRmk’ man 2 yag KWxyviraK; 1 Gc©nþviraK; 1 . bNþaviraK;

TaMg 2 enaH karEbkZøayRKbxN; énsg¡arTaMgLay eQμaHza

xNviraK; . RBHniBVan eQμaHza Gc©nþviraK; . vibsSna nig mK<

EdlRbRBwtþeTA edayGMNacénviraK;TaMg 2 enaH eQμaHza viraKa-

nubsSna . RBHeyaKICaGñkRbkbRBm edayGnubsSnaTaMg 2

enaHÉg kaldkdegØImecj dkdegØImcUl bNÐitKb|IRCabza

eQμaHza sikSaza GatμaGj nwgCaGñkBicarNaeXIjkarR:s

visuTÆimK< ERb 135

ttiyCÄan kaljúaMgcitþorYc orYcRsLH caksux nig Tuk¡TaMg

Lay edayctutæCÄan müageT[t RBHeyaKI cUlQanTaMgLay

enaH ecjehIy k*BicarNanUvcitþEdlsm|yutþehIyedayQan

edayesckþIGseTA edayesckþIsUnüeTA RBHeyaKIenaH eZVIcitþ

orYc orYcRsLH caknic©sJ¦a edayGnic©anubsSna kñúgxN;

énvibsSna eZVIcitþorYc orYcRsLH caksuxsJ¦a edayTuk¡a-

nubsSnaÇÇÇ cakGtþsJ¦a edayGntþanubsSnaÇÇÇ cakesckþIeRtk

RtGal edayniBiVTanubsSnaÇÇÇ cakraK; edayviraKanubsSnaÇÇÇ

caksmuTy; edaynieraZanubsSnaÇÇÇ cakGaTan;‘esckþIRbkan´’

edaybdinisSK<anubsSna dkdegØImecj nig dkdegØImcUl .

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBalza sikSaza GatμaGj nwgeZVIcitþ

orYc dkdegØImecj dkdegØImcUl .

bNÐitKb|IRCabctuk,;enH za RBHd*manRBHPaK RTgRtas´

ehIy edayGMNacéncitþanubsSna y¨agdUecñHÉg .

‘ctuk,;TI4 ’

‘Gnic©anubsSI’

‘175’ cMENkkñúgctuk,; TI4 manesckþIvinicä&yza kñúgbT

za ²Gnic©anubsSI³ enaH bNÐitKb|IRCab Gnic©M ‘rbsmineT[g’

Kb|IRCabGnic©ta ‘PaBCarbs´mineT[g’ Kb|IRCabGnic©anubsSna

‘karBicarNaeXIjzamineT[g’ Kb|IRCabGnic©anubsSI ‘GñkEdl

BicarNaeXIjzaCarbsmineT[g’ Camun .

kñúg 4 bT enaH bTza ²Gnic©M³ :ndl xnÆR:M . sYrza

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visuTÆimK< ERb 137

cakteRmk dkdegØImecj dkdegØImcUl . n&y sUm|IkñúgbTza

²nieraZanubsSI³ k*n&ydUcKñaenHEdr .

‘bdinisSK<anubsSI’

sUm|IkñúgbTza ²bdinisSK<anubsSI³ enH bdinisSK<; ‘kar

rlasecal’ man 2 KW bric©aKb|dinisSK<; ‘bdinisSK<; KWkarlH

bg’1 bk¡nÞnb|dinisSK<;‘bdinisSK<;KWkarsÞúHeTA’1 . GnubsSna

KWbdinisSK<; eQμaHzabdinisSK<anubsSna . Baküza bdinisSK<a-

nubsSna enH CaeQμaH énvibsSna nig mK< TaMgLay . EmnBit

vibsSna rEmglHbg nUvkielsTaMgLay RBmTaMgxnÆ nig GPi-

sg¡arTaMgLay edayGMNacéntTg<b|han; EzmTaMg rEmgsÞúH

eTA kñúgRBHniBVan EdlpÞúyKñanwgkielsenaH eRBaHPav;énvibsSna

OneTA kñúgpøÚvenaH edaykiriyaeXIjnUveTas kñúgsg¡tZm( eRBaH

ehtudUecñaH eTIbelakehAza ‘bdinisSK<; man 2 KW’ bric©aK-

b|dinisSK<; 1 bk¡nÞnb|dinisSK<; 1 . cMENkmK< rEmglHbg

nUvkielsTaMgLay RBmTaMgxnÆ nig GPisg¡arTaMgLay eday

GMNacénsmuecäTb|han; EzmTaMg rEmgsÞúHeTA kñúgRBHniBVan

edaykiriyaeZVI ‘nUvRBHniBVan’ oCaGarmμN¾ eRBaHehtudUecñaH eTIb

elakehAza ‘bdinisSK<; man 2 KW’ bric©aKb|dinisSK<; 1 bk¡-

nÞnb|dinisSK<; 1 . k*vibsSnajaN nig mK<J¦aNTaMg 2 enH

elakehAza GnubsSna eRBaHkiriyaeXIjer]y> nUvjaN man

kñúgxagmun> TaMgLay . RBHeyaKICaGñkRbkbRBm edaybdi-

nisSK<anubsSna TaMg 2 y¨agenaH kaldkdegØImecj nig kal

138 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

dkdegIØmcUl bNÐitKb|IRCabza sikSaza GatμaGj nwgCaGñk

BicarNaeXIjer]y> nUvkiriyarlasecal dkdegIØmecj dk

degIØmcUl .

ctuk,; TI 4 enH RBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtasehIy eday

GMNacénvibsSnasuTÆ hñwgÉg . cMENk ctuk,;TaMg 3 mankñúg

xagmun RBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtas´ehIyedayGMNacénsmz; nig

vibsSna .

‘176’ karcMerInnUvGana:nsSti manvtæú 16 bNÐitKb|I

RCab edayGMNacénctuk,;TaMg 4 dUc:nBN(namkenHÉg . k*

Gana:nsStienH ‘EdlPikú¡:ncMerInehIy’ edayGMNacénvtæú

16 yagenH eTIbmanpleRcIn manGanisgSeRcIn .

‘GanisgSGana:nsSti’

kñúgGanisgSénGana:nsStienaH manBN(naza bNÐit

Kb|IRCabPav;énGana:nsStienaH CaZm μCati manGanisgSeRcIn

sUm|IedayGMNacénZm( EdlRBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtas´sresIr

manPaBCaZm(d*lÁitCaedIm eRBaHRBH:LIza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay

Gana:nsStismaZienHÉg EdlbuK<l:ncMerInehIy :neZVIo

eRcInehIy CaZm(d*lÁitpg CaZm(d*RbNItpg³ eRBaHPav;CaZ(m

GackñúgkarkatpþacnUvvitk,; . EmnBit Gana:nsStismaZienH

eRBaHCaZm(d*lÁit RbNIt CaZm(CaeRK]genAminRcbUkRcbl´ nig

Casux eTIbkatpþacnUvkarsÞúHeTAéncitþ xagenHpg xagenaHpg

edayGMNacénvitk,;TaMgLay EdleZVIesckþIGnþray dlsmaZi

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140 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

R:kd minEmnminrlteTAvijeT ‘1’ ³ dUecñH . kñúgGana:nsStienaH xülGsSasbsSas;TaMgLay bI

KW xülGsSasbsSas; mankñúgTIbMputénPB xülGsSas-

bsSas; mankñúgTIbMputénQan xülGsSasbsSas; man

kñúgTIbMputéncuti edayGMNacénkiriyarlt . EmnBit xül

GsSasbsSas;TaMgLay rEmgRbRBwtþeTA kñúgkamPB bNþaPB

TaMgLay rEmgminRbRBwtþeTA kñúgrUbPB nig GrUbPBTaMgLayeT

eRBaHehtuenaH xülGsSasbsSas;TaMgLayenaH eTIbeQμaH

za mankñúgTIbMputénPB . xülGsSasbsSas;TaMgLay rEmg

RbRBwtþeTA kñúgQan 3 mankúñgTIbMput bNþaQanTaMgLay rEmg

minRbRBwtþeTAkñúgQanTI4 eRBaHehtuenaH xülGsSasbsSas;

TaMgLayenaH eTIbeQμaHza mankñúgTIbMputénQan . cMENk

xülGsSasbsSas;TaMgLayNa ekIteLIgehIy CamYynwg

citþ TI16 kñúgxagmun éncuticitþ rEmgrlt´ CamYynwgcuticitþ xül´

GsSasbsSas;TaMgLayenH eQμaHza mankñúgTIbMputéncuti .

xülcuticrim;TaMgLayenH RBHmanRBHPaK RTgbMNgehIy za

²mankñúgTIbMput³ kñúgRBHsURtenH .

:n»za kalPikú¡GñkRbkber]y> nUvkmμdðanenH BicarNa

nUvkarekIteLIg kñúgxN;énkarekIteLIgéncitþ TI16 kñúgxagmuxén

cuticitþ eRBaHPav;énxüldegIØmecj nig xüldegIØmcUl EdlPikú¡

kMNtCaGarm μN¾ :nlÁRbéBehIy sUm|IkiriyaekIteLIg énxül

1- suÇ mÇ mÇ PaKTI 23 TMB&rTI 244 .

visuTÆimK< ERb 139

ehIyeZVIcitþomanmuxeq¬aHeTArkGarmμN¾ KWxüldkdegIØmecj nig

xüldkdegIØmcUl Etbu¨eNÑaH . eRBaHehtuenaH :nCaRBHman

RBHPaK RTgRtas´ehIyza ²Gana:nsSti KWPikú¡Kb|IcMerIn edIm|I

cUleTAkatpþacnUvvitk,;³ dUecñH .

mYyeT[t bNÐitKb|IRCabPaBénGana:nsStienaH man

GanisgSeRcIn sUm|IedayPaBCamUlénkarbMeBjnUvviC¢a nig vimutþi

obribUr . smdUcCaRBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtas´ehIyza ²mñal

Pikú¡TaMgLay Gana:nsSti EdlbuK<l:ncMerInehIy :neZVIo

er]y> ehIy rEmgjúaMgstib|dðan 4 oeBjbribUN(:n .

stib|dðan 4 EdlbuK<l:ncMerInehIy :neZVIoer]y> ehIy

rEmgjúaMgsem¬aCÄg<;TaMg 7 oeBjbribUN(:n . sem¬aCÄg<;

TaMgLay 7 EdlbuK<l:ncMerInehIy :neZVIoer]y> ehIy

rEmgjúaMgviC¢a nig vimutþi oeBjbribUN(:n ‘1’ ³ dUecñH . müagvijeT[t Pav;énGana:nsStienaH CaZm μCati man

GanisgSd*eRcIn bNÐitKb|IRCab sUm|IeRBaHkareZVInUvPav; énxül´

dkdegIØmecj nig xüldkdegIØmcUlTaMgLay Edlman kñúgTI

bMput CasPav;KWxøÜndwg:n . smdUcRBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtas´

ehIyza ²mñalrahul kalebIGana:nsSti EdlbuK<l:n

ceRmInehIyyagenH :neZVIoer]y> ehIyyagenH xüldegIØm

ecj nig degIØmcUlTaMgLayenaHNa EdlmankñúgkalCaxag

eRkay degIØmecj nig degIØmcUlTaMgenaHÉg nwgrlteTAvijCa

1- suÇ mÇ óÇ PaKTI 26 TMB&rTI 359 .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 141

TaMgenaH rEmgR:kd kalBicarNanUvkiriyataMgenA sUm|Ikiriya

taMgenAénxülTaMgenaH rEmgR:kd kalBicarNanUvkarEbkZøay

sUm|IkarEbkZøay énxülTaMgenaH k*rEmgR:kd .

EmnBit Pikú¡GñkcMerInnUvkmμdðandéT eRkAGMBIGana:nsSti-

kmμdðanenHehIy seRmcnUvRBHGrhtþ EtgkMNtcenøaHkal én

Gayu:nxøH kMNtmin:nxøH . bu¨EnþPikú¡GñkcMerInnUvGana:nsSti

manvtæú 16 enH ehIyseRmcRBHGrhtþ EtgkMNtcenøaHkal

énGayu:nTaMgGs´ . Pikú¡GñkcMerInGana:nsSti ehIy:nsMerc

nUvRBHGrhtþenaH dwgza ²kñúgkal«LÚvenH Gayusg¡ar rbsGatμa

Gj nwgRbRBwtþeTA GskalmanRbmaNbu¨eNÑH nwgminRbRBwtþeTA

kñúgxagnayGMBIkalenHeT³ dUecñHehIy eZVInUvkic©TaMgBYgTaMgLay

mankarCMrHnUvsrIr; nig karesø{kBakCaedIm tamZmμtarbsxøÜn

hñwgÉg ehIyeZμcEPñkTaMgLay dUcCaRBHtisSetær GñkGaRs&y

enAkñúgekadibBVtvihar dUcCaRBHmhatisSetær GñkGaRs&yenAkñúg

mhakrJ¢niyvihar dUcCaRBHbiNÐ:tiktisSetær kñúgeTvbutþrdð

nig dUcCaRBHPatiyetærTaMgBIrRBHGg< GñkGaRs&yenA kñúgcitþl-

bBVtvihar y¨agdUecñaHÉg .

enHCakarsMEdgnUver]gmYy kñúgcMeNamer]génRBHezr;TaMg

LayenaH . :n»za kñúgcMeNamRBHPatiyetærTaMgBIrGg< RBH

ezr;mYyGg< sURtnUv:tiemak¡ kñúgézáóe:sz manRBHc&nÞeBjvg

manPikú¡sg¹EhhmehIy nimnþeTAkan´TICaTIenA rbsxøÜn :nfit

enARtgTIc®g,m rmilemIlnUvBnøWénRBHc&nÞ BicarNanUvGayusg¡ar

142 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

rbs´xøÜn ehIyR:bPikú¡sg¹ za ²etIGñkTaMgLay ZøabeXIjPikú¡

EdlbriniBVan edayGakar;dUcemþcxøHEdr/ ³ . bNþaPikú¡TaMgenaH

Pikú¡TaMgLayBYkxøH :neBalza ²BYkx\úMZøab:neXIjPikú¡TaMgLay

EdlGg<úyelIGasn;hñwgÉg briniBVan³ . Pikú¡BYkxøH :neBalza

²BYkx\úMZøab:neXIjPikú¡TaMgLay EdlGg<úyEBnEPñn elIGakas

briniBVan³ . RBHezr; eBalza ²kñúgkal«LÚvenH x\úMnwgsMEdgnUv

Pikú¡EdlkMBugEtc®g,mhñwgÉg briniBVan dlGñkTaMgLay³ . kñúg

lMdabenaH RBHezr; eZVInUvKMnUs RtgTIc®g,m ehIyeBalza ²x\úM

nwgedIreTAkan´TIbMputénxagmux GMBITIbMputénTIc®g,menHehIy kal

RtLbmkvij RKan´EtdlnUvKMnUsenHPøam nwgbriniBVan³ yagenH

ehIy k*cuHkan´TIc®g,m edIreTAkan´cMENkxagnay kalRtLbmk

vij k*briniBVanehIy kñúgxN;EdlelakCannUvKMnUs edayeCIg

m¡agPøamhñwgÉg .

eRBaHehtuenaHÉg bNÐitKb|ICaGñkminRbmaT Rbkber]y> nUvGana:nsSti EdlmanGanisgS eRcIn y¨agenH sBV>kal y¨agenHÉg . enHCakzamux edayBisþar kñúgGana:nsSti .

v v v

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144 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

eRK]gjaMJInUvesckþIRsvwg³ eRBaHRBH:LIza ²viraKZm(enH KWGVI/

viraKZm(enH KWZm(CaeRK]gjaMjInUvesckþIRsvwg .l. KWRBHniBVan³

dUecñH Gsg¡tZm(enaH k*Kb|I:neQμaHza viraKZm(Edr . EmnBit

viraKZm(enaH elakehAza mTnimμTn; eRBaHesckþIRsvwgTaMgLay

TaMgBYg manesckþIRsvwg edayGMNacénmanH nig esckþIRsvwg

kñúgPaBCabursCaedIm GaRs&ynUvviraKZm(ehIy k*Gs´Rsvwg KW

ElgRsvwg KWza:teTA . mYyeT[t viraKZm(enaH elakehAza

bi:sviny; eRBaHesckþIeRskXøan kñúgkamTaMgLayTaMgBYg

eRBaHGaRs&ynUvviraKZm(enaH rEmgdlnUvkiriyakMcatbg KWza nUv

kiriyaGs´:teTA . mYyeT[t viraKZm( elakehAza Galys-

muK¹at; eRBaHGal&y KWbJ©kamKuNTaMgLay rEmgdlnUvkiriya

dkeLIg eRBaHGaRs&ynUvviraKZm(enaH . mYyeT[t viraKZm(enaH

elakehAza vdþúbecäT; eRBaHvdþ;EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgPUmi 3 rEmg

dacsUnü eRBaHGaRs&ynUvviraKZm(enaH . mYyeT[t viraKZm(enaH

elakehAza tNØk¡y; viraK; nieraZ; eRBaHtNØa GaRs&ynUv

viraKZm(enaH rEmgdlnUvkarGseTApg R:scaktMerkpg rlt

eTApg edayRbkarTaMgBYg . mYyeT[t viraKZm(enaH elakehAza

niBVan; eRBaHviraKZm(enaH ecjehIy KWrlasecjehIy R:s

ecjehIy caktNØa Edl:neQμaHza ²van;³ eRBaHrYbrwt KWcg

ERsH cakERsH nUvkMeNIt 4 Kti 5 viJ¦aNdðiti 7 nig stþavas

9 eRBaHPaBénkiriyajúaMgstVoeTA> mk> dUecñHÉg . Zm(Edl

cUleTArmáab eBalKWRBHniBVan RBHeyaKIKb|IrMlwker]y> eday

visuTÆimK< ERb 143

‘óbsSmanusSti’

‘177’ k*RBHeyaKIGñkR:zña edIm|IcMerInnUvóbsmanusSti

EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTgsMEdgehIy bnÞabGMBIGana:nsSti eTA

kan´TIsáat ec[secjcakGarmμN¾smáMenA RtUvrlwker]y> nUv

KuNTaMgLay énRBHniBVan eBalKWkiriyacUleTArmáab nUvesckþI

Tuk¡RKby¨ag yagdUecñHza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Zm(TaMgbu¨n μan Ca

sg¡tZm(kþI CaGsg¡tZm(kþI viraKZm( R:kdCaRbesIrCagZm(TaMg

LayenaH eRBaHza viraKZm(enH CaZm(sRmabbenÞabgnUvesckþI

Rsvwg CaZm(kMcatbgnUvesckþIeRskXøan CaZm(GacdkeLIgnUv

Gal&y CaZm(pþacbgnUvvdþ; CaZm(GseTAéntNØa CaZm(R:s

cakteRmk CaZm(rlt CaZm(minmaneRK]gcakERsH ‘1’³ dUecñH . ‘EkGtæ:LI’

kñúg:f;TaMgLayenaH Baküza ²manRbmaNRtwmNa³ KW

manRbmaNbu¨NÑa . Baküza ²Zm(TaMgLay³ :ndlsPavZ(m

TaMgLay . Baküza ²Casg¡t;kþI CaGsg¡t;kþI³ KW Edlbc©&y

TaMgLaypSMRbCMuKñaeZVIkþI min:npSMRbCMuKñaeZVIkþI . Baküza ²viraKZ(m

tzaKteBalzaCakMBUlénZm(TaMgLayenaH³ KWviraKZm( tzaKt

eBalza CakMBUl KWeBalza RbesIr ótþm énsg¡tZm( nig

Gsg¡tZm(TaMgLayenaH . minEmnRtwmEtkiriyaminmanénesckþI

teRmkbu¨eNÑaHeT eQμaHza viraK; kñúg:LIenaH ebItamBiteTA

Gsg¡tZm(enaHNa :nnUveQμaHTaMgLay manCaGaTi¾za ²Zm(Ca

1- suÇ GMÇ cÇ PaKTI 42 TMB&rTI 84 .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 145

GMNacénKuNTaMgLay manZm(CaeRK]grmáabnUvesckþIRsvwg Ca

edImenaH> dUcBN(namkenH ßk* KuNénóbsm;TaMgLaydéT

Na EdlRBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtasehIy kñúgRBHsURtTaMgLay

manCaedImza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvGsg¡tZ(m

dlGñkTaMgLaypg tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvsc©Zm(pg tzaKt nwg

sMEdgnUveRtIyKWRBHniBVanpg tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZm(EdlstV

eXIj:nedaykRmBneBkpg tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZm(EdlKμan

esckþIcas´RKaMRKapg tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZm(EdleT[gTatpg

tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZm(EdlKμandMeNIryWtyUrpg tzaKt nwg

sMEdgZm(Edlminsøabpg tzaKt nwgsMEdgZm(CaTIsRmanþpg

tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZm(d*ekSmpg tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZm(Edl

minZøabmanpg tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZm(minmanesckþIGnþraypg

tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZm(minBüa:Tpg tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZm(d*

brisuTÆpg tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZm(CaTIBwgpg tzaKt nwgsMEdg

nUvZm(CaTIkarBarpg mñalPikú¡TaMgLay tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZ(m

CaTIBYn dlGñkTaMgLaypg ‘1’ ³ dUecñH k*RBHeyaKI Kb|Irlwk

er]y> edayGMNacénKuNTaMgLayenaHÉg dUcKña:nEdr .

‘GanisgSóbsmanusSti’

kalRBHeyaKavcrenaH rlwker]y> nUvesckþIsábrmáab´

edayGMNacénKuN manZm(sMrabbenÞabg nUvesckþIRsvwgCaedIm

y¨agenH kñúgsm&yenaH citþ minRtUvraK;caMs,atehIy minRtUv

1- suÇ sMÇ sÇ PaKTI 36 TMB&rTI 366-373 .

146 GnusStikm μdðannieTÞs

eTas;caMs,atehIy minRtUvemah;caMs,atehIy kñúgsm&yenaH

citþ rbs´RBHeyaKavcrenaH CacitþeTARtg :jeq¬aHeTArkesckþI

sábrmáabEmnBit eRBaHehtuenaH Gg<QanTaMgLay rEmgekIt

eLIg dlRBHeyaKavcr GñkRKbsg,tnUvnIvrNZm(:nehIy kñúg

xN;CamYyKña edayGMNacénn&yEdl:neBalmkehIy kñúg

GnusStimun > manBuTÆanusSti CaedImhñwgÉg . EteRBaHPav;

énóbsmKuNTaMgLayCaKuNd*RCaleRCA ßza eRBaHPav;éncitþ

begÁaneTAkñúgkiriyarlwker]y> nUvKuNmanRbkarepSg>Kña Qan

enH eTIbCaQanmindlnUvGb|na dlRtwmEtóbcar;bu¨eNÑaHÉg .

QanenHenaH rEmgdlnUvkarrabza ²óbsmanusSti³ hñwgÉg

eRBaHekIteLIg edayGMNacénkiriyarlwker]y>nUvóbsmKuN .

ÉóbsmanusStienH rEmgseRmc dlRBHGriysav&kEtbu¨eNÑaH

dUcCaqGnusStiEdr . kalebImanehtudUecñaH sUm|IbuzuC¢n GñkZán´

kñúgóbsm; k*KYreZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvóbsmanusStiEdr . eRBaHza

sUm|IedayGMNacénkarsþab citþ k*rEmgRCHzøakúñgóbsm;:n .

k*Pikú¡GñkRbkber]y> nUvóbsmanusStienH rEmgedklk´

Casux P\akeLIgk*Casux CaGñkman«®nÞIy¾sábrmáab CaGñkman

citþsábesá{m CaGñkRbkbRBmedayhiri nig Otþb|; CaGñknaMmk

nUvesckþIRCHzøa CaGñkmancitþbegÁaneTA kñúgZm(d*RbNIt CaGñk

KYreKarB nig CaGñkKYrsresIr énsRBhμcarITaMgLay mYyeT[t

ebIminTan:ncakZøúHnUvZm(d*éRkElgeT CaGñkmansuKtiRbRBwtþeTA

kñúgxagmux .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 147

enHCakzamux edayBisþar kñúgóbsmanusSti .

briecäT TI8

eQμaH GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs kñúgGZikarénsmaZiPavna

kñúgbkrN¾viess eQμaHvisuTÆimK< Edlx\úMeZVIehIy

edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dlkiriyarIkrayénsaZuCn

dUcBN(namkenHÉg .

v v v

eRBaHehtuenaHÉg bNÐit GñkmanR:C\aCaeRK]g BicarNa Kb|ICaGñkminRbmaT cMerInnUvsti kñúg óbsm;d*RbesIr EdlmanGanisgSeRcIn y¨ag enH dUc:nBN(namkenHÉg .

148 RBh μviharnieTÞs

emtþaRBh μvihar

‘178’ k*kñúgRBh μviharTaMgLay 4 enH KW emtþa kruNa

muTita óebk¡a EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTgsMEdgehIy kñúglMdab

énGnusStikmμdðan RBHeyaKavcr EdlCaGaTikmμik; GñkR:zña

edIm|IcMerInnUvemtþa Kb|IcUleTApþacbgnUvblieBaZ er[nnUvkmμdðan

eZVIPtþkic©ehIy benÞabgnUvesckþIRsvwgkñúgP&tþ Gg<úyo:nRsYl

elIGasn;EdlbuK<lRkallÁehIy kñúgRbeTsd*sáat BicarNa

nUveTas kúñgeTas; nig GanisgS kñúgesckþIGtZn´ Camun .

sYrza eRBaHehtuGVI / . eqøIyza eRBaHRBHeyaKIKb|IlH

bgeTas;:n nig Kb|I:nxnþI edayPavnaenH . ÉRBHeyaKI min

GacedIm|IlHbg nUveTasEdlxøÜnmin:neXIjehIyNamYy ßk*

edIm|I:nnUvGanisgS EdlxøÜnmindwgc|asehIyNamYy:neT .

eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKIKb|IeXIjeTas kñúgeTas; edayGMNac

énRBHsURtTaMgLaymanCaGaTi¾za ²mñalGavuesa buK<lRtUveTas;

RbTUsþehIy RtUveTas;RKbsg,tehIy CaGñkmancitþRkhl´

RkhayehIyedayeTas; rEmgsmøabstVmanCIvit:n³ dUecñH .

RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IRCabGanisgS kñúgxnþI edayGMNacén

RBH:LITaMgLay manCaedIm za ;

²xnþIKWesckþIGt´Zn´ Catb; d*éRkElg RBHBuTÆTaMg Lay RTg´Rtas´nUvRBHniBVanza CaZm μCatd*ótþm tzaKt ehAnUvbuK<lGñkmanxnþICakMLaMg Gñkman

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150 RBh μviharnieTÞs

dlRBHeyaKIenaH k*CaGñkdlehIynUvGakar;KWkarERskyMk*:n

kaltMklnUvbuK<lCakNþal> kñúgkEnøgénbuK<lCaRKU nig kñúg

kEnøgénbuK<lEdlRsLaj rEmglM:k kalRBHeyaKI rMlwk

dlbuK<lEdlmaneB[r esckþIeRkaZ k*rEmgekIteLIg eRBaHehtu

enaH RBHeyaKIminRtUvcMerInemtþa CadMbUg kñúgbuK<lTaMgLay man

buK<lEdlminCaTIRsLajCaedImeLIy .

cMENkÉ kñúgbuK<lGñkmanePTCasRtUvnwgKña kalRBH

eyaKI cMerInedaycMeBaH R:rBÆnUvbuK<lGñkmanePTCasRtUvnwgKña

enaHÉg raK; rEmgekIteLIg . :n»za buRtrbsGamatümñak´

sYrRBHezr; EdlCaCItunza ²bBiRtRBHKuNm©asd*cMerIn etIbuK<l

KYrcMerInemtþa kñúgbuK<lEbbNa/³ . RBHezr; eqøIyza ²kñúgbuK<l

EdlCaTIRsLaj³ . k*Priyarbs´xøÜn CaTIRsLaj énGamatü

enaH . GamatüenaH k*cMerInemtþacMeBaHPriyaenaH eZVIkarRbyuTÆCa

mYynwgCJ¢aMg rhUtraRtITaMgBYg . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI min

RtUvcMerInemtþa kñúgbuK<lEdlmanePTCasRtUvnwgKñaeT .

cMENkkñúgbuK<lEdleZVIkalkiriyaehIy kalRBHeyaKI

cMerIn ‘emtþa’ k*rEmgmindlnUvGb|na mindlnUvóbcar;eLIy .

:n»mkza Pikú¡kMeLaHmYyrUb R:rBÆnUvGacarü eTIbepþImnUvemtþa .

emtþa rbsPikú¡enaH RbRBwtþeTAmin:neLIy . Pikú¡enaH eTAkan´

sMNakRBHmhaezr;ehIysYrza ²bBiRtRBHKuNm©asd*cMerIn kar

cUlemtþaQan rbsx\úMm©as CaZmμCatsÞatBitEmn bu¨Enþx\úMm©as´

minGacedIm|IcUlemtþaQansmabtþienaH:neT etIeRBaHehtuGVI³ .

visuTÆimK< ERb 149

kMLaMg KWxnþI CakgB&T za CaRBah μN¾ RbeyaCn¾ d*éRkElgCagxnþI minmaneLIy³ .

bnÞabmk RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IR:rBÆkarcMerInemtþa edIm|ICa

RbeyaCn¾dlkareZVIcitþ o:nsáatcakeTas; EdlmaneTas KW

xøÜneXIjehIy nig edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dlkarcgnUvcitþ kñúgxnþIEdl

manGanisgS KWxøÜn:ndwgc|asehIy yagenHÉg .

‘buK<lEdlCaeTasdl´Pavna’

k*ÉRBHeyaKI kalcabepþIm Kb|IdwgbuK<lCaeTas GMBIxag

edImsin za ²RBHeyaKI minRtUvcMerInemtþa Camun kñúgbuK<lTaMg

LayenHeT minRtUvcMerInemtþa kñúgbuK<lTaMgLayenHEmnBit³ .

BitEmnehIy emtþaenH RBHeyaKIminRtUvcMerIn CadMbUg kñúgbuK<l

TaMgLay 4 enH KW buK<lEdlminCaTIRsLaj 1 buK<lEdlCa

sMLajEdlRsLajéRkeBk 1 buK<lCakNþal 1 buK<lEdl

maneB[r 1 minRtUvcMerInemtþa edaycMeBaHbuK<lEdlmanePTCa

sRtUvnwgKña minRtUvcMerInesaHkñúgbuK<lEdleZVIkalkiriyaehIy .

sYrza eRBaHehtuGVI :nCaRBHeyaKIminRtUvcMerInemtþa Ca

dMbUg kñúgbuK<lTaMgLay manbuK<lEdlminCaTIRsLajCaedIm .

eqøIyza eRBaHza RBHeyaKI kaltMklnUvbuK<lEdlminCa

TIRsLaj kñúgkEnøgCaTIRsLajrEmglM:k kaltMklsMLaj´

EdlCaTIRsLajéRkeBk kñúgkEnøgénbuK<lEdlCakNþal rEmg

lM:k k*kalebIesckþITuk¡ sUm|ImanRbmaNtic ekIteLIgehIy

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152 RBh μviharnieTÞs

GtþPaB kMuomaneB[r kMuomanBüa:T kuMbImanTuk¡ manEtsux

rkSaxøÜncuH ‘1’ ³ dUecñHCaedImkþI BaküNa EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTg

Rtas´ehIy kñúgemtþsURt za ²sUmstVTaMgGs´ manesckþIsux

ß manesckþIekSm sUmmanxøÜndlnUvesckþIsux ‘2’ ³ dUecñHCa

edImkþIç BakükñúgKm¬IrviPg<CaedImenaH rEmgxus eRBaHkñúgBaküenaH

RBHmanRBHPaK minRTgRtasnUvkarcMerIn ‘emtþa’ kñúgxøÜn³ dUecñH .

Kb|IeqøIyza ; BakükñúgKm¬IrviPg<CaedImenaH minxusGVIeT .

eRBaHehtuGVI / eRBaHBaküenaH RBHd*manRBHPaK RTgRtas´ehIy

edayGMNacénGb|na BaküpSayemtþa kñúgxøÜnmanCaGaTi¾za ²sUm

oGatμaGj:nesckþIsux³ dUecñHenH KWx\úM:neBalehIy eday

GMNacPav;énxøÜnCabnÞal . EmnBitRbsinebIRBHeyaKI cMerInnUv

emtþa kúñgxøÜn tamn&yza ²sUmoGatμaGj CaGñkmanesckþIsux³

dUecñHCaedImkþI Gskal 100 qñaM ß 1ç000 qñaM Gb|na k*min

ekIteLIg dlRBHeyaKIenaH:neT . bu¨EnþkalRBHeyaKIenaHcMerIn

‘emtþa kñúgxøÜn’ za ²sUmoGatμaGj manesckþIsux³ dUecñHCaedIm

PaBénxøÜnCaGñkR:zñanUvesckþIsux kñúgBYkstVdéT rEmgekIteLIg

eRBaHeZVIxøÜn oCabnÞalza GatμaGj cg:nnUvesckþIsux sÁb´

ex¬ImesckþITuk¡ cgmanCIvitrs´enA nig mincg:nnUvesckþIsøabeT

y¨agNa ÉBBYkstVdéT k*cg:nesckþIsux sÁbex¬ImesckþITuk¡

cgmanCIvitrsenA nig mincg:nesckþIsøab k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr .

mYyeT[t RBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtas´ za ;

1– suÇ bdiÇ PaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 97 . 2– suÇ xuÇ xuTÞk:fÇ .

visuTÆimK< ERb 151

RBHezr; eqøIyza ²mñalGavuesa cUrelakEsVgrknUvnimitþ³ . Pikú¡

enaH kalEsVgrk ‘nUvnimitþ’ dwgzaGacarüeZVIkalkiriyaehIy k*

cMerInemtþa R:rBÆGñkdéT ehIyk*:nsMercsmabtþi . eRBaHehtu

enaH RBHeyaKI minRtUvcMerInemtþa kñúgbuK<leZVIkalkiriyaeLIy .

‘cMerInemtþa kñúgxøÜnÉgCamun’

Etza munCagCnTaMgGs´ RBHeyaKI Kb|IcMerInemtþa kñúgxøÜn

Ég Caer]y> yagenH za ²sUmoGatμaGj CaGñkdlehIynUv

esckþIsux kMubImanTuk¡eLIy³ ßza ²GatμaGj cUrCaGñkminman

eB[r minmanBüa:T minmanesckþITuk¡ manesckþIsux rkSanUvxøÜn³

dUecñHk*:n .

ebImanBaküsYrza ; kalebImanehtuy¨agenH BaküÉNa

EdlRBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtas´ehIy kñúgviPg< za ²mñalPikú¡TaMg

Lay cuHPikú¡mancitþRbkbedayemtþa pSayeTAkanTis 1 etIdUc

emþc . buK<leXIjbuK<lmñak EdlCaTIRsLaj CaTIeBjcitþ

Kb|IpSayemtþa yagNamij Pikú¡ rEmgpSayemtþacitþ cMeBaHBYk

stVTaMgBYg k*y¨agenaHÉg‘1’ ³ dUecñHkþI BaküNaEdlRBHsarIbuRt

eBalehIy kñúgbdismÖiTaza ²emtþaecetavimutþi pSayedayminman

cMENk edayGakar 5 etIdUcemþc / KW pSayedayemtþacitþza

sUmstVTaMgGs kMuomaneB[r kMuomanBüa:T kuMbImanTuk¡ man

Etsux rkSaxøÜncuHç sUmstVmanCIvitTaMgGsÇÇÇ sUmstVekItehIy

TaMgGsÇÇÇ sUmbuK<lTaMgGs´ÇÇÇ sUmstVTaMgGs´ Edlrabzaman

1- GPiÇ viÇ PaKTI 81 TMB&rTI 313 .

ពទ�ធកស

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154 RBh μviharnieTÞs

rYmEdncUlKña’ kñúglMdabGMBIbuK<l manGacarüCaedImenaHmk Kb|I

cMerInemtþa cMeBaHbuK<lCasMLajEdlCaTIRsLajéRkeBk GMBI

buK<lCasMLaj´ EdlCaTIRsLaj´éRkeBk cMeBaHbuK<lCa

kNþal GMBIbuK<lCakNþal cMeBaHbuK<lGñkmaneB[r . k*kal

RBHeyaKavcrcMerIn Kb|IeZVInUvcitþTn´oKYrdlPavnakmμ kñúgcMENk

mYy> ehIyKb|IRbmUlmk kñúgbuK<lCalMdabKñaenaH > .

cMENkRBHeyaKavcrPikú¡Na minmanbuK<lGñkmaneB[rkþI

sUm|IkalebIbuK<ldéTeZVInUvesckþIvinaso esckþIsMKalza Ca

GñkmaneB[rhñwgÉg k*minekIteLIg eRBaHPaBénxøÜnCaGñkRbkb

edayCatiCamhaburskþI RBHeyaKavcrPikú¡enaH minKb|IeZVIsUm|I

nUvesckþIxVlxVay za ²emtþacitþ rbsGj kñúgbuK<lCakNþal

CacitþKYrdlPavnakmμ «LÚvenH GatμaGj RbmUlmk nUvemtþacitþ

enaH cMeBaHbuK<lGñkmaneB[r³ dUecñHeLIy . cMENkxagbuK<lGñk

maneB[r mandlRBHeyaKINa Baküza ²RBHeyaKIKb|IcMerInemtþa

cMeBaHbuK<lGñkmaneB[r GMBIbuK<lCakNþal³ RBHd*manRBHPaK

RTgRtas´sMedAykRBHeyaKIenaH .

‘TUnμanxøÜneBlekItbdiX;’

‘n&yTI1 rlwkdl´eTasénesckþIeRkaZ’

k*RbsinebIkalRBHeyaKIenaH RbmUlcitþmk cMeBaHbuK<l

GñkmaneB[r bdiX; ‘esckþIzñaMgzñakcitþ’ rEmgekIteLIg eRBaHkar

rlwker]y> nUvkMhusEdlbuK<lGñkmaneB[renaHeZVIehIy kal

ebImanRbkardUecñaH RBHeyaKIenaH kalCYbnUvemtþa cMeBaHbuK<l

visuTÆimK< ERb 153

buK<l mancitþrMBwgKit sBVTis rEmgrkmineXIj nUvbuK<lCaTIRsLaj´CagxøÜn kñúgTINamYyeT xøÜneTIbCaTIRsLaj´eRcInCagbuK<ldéT y¨agenaH Ég eRBaHehtuenaH buK<lEdlRsLaj´xøÜn min Kb|Ieb[teb[nbuK<ldéTeLIy ‘1’ dUecñH

RTgsMEdgehIynUvn&yenHÉg .

eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IpSayemtþacMeBaHxøÜn Ca

dMbUg edIm|IPaBCabnÞal´ kñúglMdabenaH edIm|IjúaMgemtþaPavna o

RbRBwtþeTAedayRsYl buK<lNaEdlCaTIRsLaj CaTIKabcitþ

CaTIeKarB nig CaTIsresIr CaGacarü ß ßza RbEhlGacarü

CaóbCÄay¾ ß ßza RbEhlóbCÄay¾ énRBHeyaKIenaH Kb|IrB\k

nUvehtuKWPaBénxøÜnCaTIRsLaj mankaro nig kareBalnUvBakü

CaTIRsLajCaedIm nig nUvehtuKWPaBénxøÜnCaTIeKarB nig CaTI

sresIr mansIl nig sut;CaedIm énbuK<lCaTIRsLaj man

GacarüCaedImenaH ehIycMerInemtþa tamn&yCaedImza ²sb|úrsnu@H

cUrCaGñkdlehIynUvesckþIsux cUrCaGñkminmanTuk¡³ . k* ‘kal

cMerIneTA’ cMeBaHbuK<lEbbenH Gb|na rEmgseRmc edayBit .

‘cMerInemtþa rYmextþEdn’

ebIRBHeyaKavcrPikú¡enH mindlnUvesckþIeRtkGr eday

ehtumanRbmaNbu¨eNÑHeT ehIycg edIm|IeZVInUvsImsemÖT ‘kar

1- suÇ sMÇ sKÇ PaKTI 29 TMB&rTI 207 .

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156 RBh μviharnieTÞs

‘179’ ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Zm( 7 yagenH CaTIeRtkGr

énsRtUv CaehtuénsRtUv rEmgmkkan´®sþIPaB ß burisPaBEdl

manesckþIeRkaZ . Zm( 7 yagenH etIdUcemþc . mñalPikú¡TaMg

Lay sRtUvkñúgelakenH rEmgR:zñanUvehtu yagenH dlsRtUv

za Ohñ@ sUmobuK<lenH manvNÑ;GaRkk . er]genaHeRBaHehtuGVI

mñalPikú¡TaMgLay sRtUv rEmgmineRtkGr dlsRtUv eRBaHvNÑ;

eT mñalPikú¡TaMgLay bursbuK<lenH ‘kalebI’ manesckþIeRkaZ

manesckþIeRkaZRKbsg,tehIy manesckþIeRkaZ rYbrwtehIy

bursbuK<lenaH TukCalabRsLablÁ :nekarsk nwg Bukmat´

ehIyesø{ksMBtmanBN(-s k*BitEmnehIy bu¨EnþbursbuK<l

enaH eQμaHza manvNÑ;GaRkk CaGñkmanesckþIeRkaZRKbsg,t

ehIy . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay enHehAza Zm(TI1 CaTIeRtkGr én

sRtUv CaehtuénsRtUv rEmgmkkan´®sþIPaB ß burisPaBEdl

manesckþIeRkaZ . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay mYyeT[t sRtUv rEmg

R:zñanUvehtuy¨agenH dlsRtUvza Ohñ@ sUmobuK<lenH edkCa

Tuk¡ .l. Ohñ@ sUmobuK<lenHkMumanRbeyaCn¾eRcIneLIy .l.

Ohñ@ sUmobuK<lenH kMumanePaK;eLIy .l. Ohñ@ sUmo

buK<lenH kMumanyseLIy .l. Ohñ@ sUmobuK<lenH kMuman

miRteLIy .l. luHEbkZøayragkaysøabeTA sUmkMuobuK<l

enH cUleTAkan´suKti sYK( eTvelakeLIy . er]genaH eRBaH

ehtuGIV . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay eRBaHsRtUv rEmgmineRtkGr dl´

sRtUv edaydMeNIreTAkan´suKtieT mñalPikú¡TaMgLay bu¨Enþburs-

visuTÆimK< ERb 155

NamYy kñúgcMeNambuK<lmankñúgkalmunTaMgLayer]y> ecj

ehIypSayemtþa cMeBaHbuK<lenaHer]y> Kb|IbenÞabgnUvbdiX; .

RbsinebI kalRBHeyaKI Büayam sUm|Iy¨agenH bdiX;

enAEtminrlt ebImanRbkardUecñH RBHeyaKI Kb|IBüayam edIm|I

lHbgnUvbdiX; edaykarrlwker]y> nUvRBHOvaTTaMgLay man

RBHOvaTEdleRb[beZ[bedayrNarCaedImcuH .

k*RBHeyaKIenaHkalTUn μannUvxøÜnenaH Kb|ITUnμanedayGakar

enHer]y> za mñalbursGñkeRkaZcéRg ERkgRBHmanRBHPaKRTg

Rtas´ehIy za ; ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay ebIBYkecar EdlRbRBwtþ

GaRkk naMKñaGarGvyv;tUcZM rbsGñkTaMgLay edayrNarEdl

mandgTaMgsgxag Pikú¡NamYy júaMgcitþoRbTUsþ cMeBaHecarTaMg

Gm|alenaH Pikú¡enaH mineQμaHza CaGñkeZVItamsasna rbs´

tzaKt edaykarminGtsg,tenaHeLIy ‘1’ ³ dUecñH nig za ;

²GñkNa eRkaZtb nwgbuK<lEdleRkaZehIy GñkenaHÉgnwgmanesckþIGaRkk´ eRBaHesckþIeRkaZ enaHÉg ÉbuK<lmineRkaZtb nwgbuK<lEdleRkaZ ehIy rEmgQñHnUvs®g<am EdleKQñH:neday kRm GñkNadwgzaGñkdéTeRkaZnwgxøÜn CaGñkman sμartI rmáab´esckþIeRkaZ:n GñkenaH eQ μaHza CaGñkRbRBwtþnUvRbyaCn¾ dl´CnTaMg 2 nak´ KW xøÜn nig GñkdéT ‘2’ ³ dUecñH nig za ; 1- suÇ mÇ mUÇ PaKTI21 TMB&rTI24 . 2– suÇ PaKTI30 TMB&rTI89 .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 157

buK<lenH manesckþIeRkaZ manesckþIeRkaZRKbsg,tehIy man

esckþIeRkaZrYbrwtehIy k*RbRBwtþTuc©rit edaykay RbRBwtþTuc©rit

edayvaca RbRBwtþTuc©rit edaycitþ . luHbuK<lEdlmanesckþI

eRkaZRKbsg,tenaH RbRBwtþTuc©ritedaykay vaca edaycitþehIy

EbkZøayragkaysøabeTA k*rEmgeTAekIt kñúgtircäan eRbt

Gsurkay nrk ‘1’ ³ dUecñH nig za ; ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay eRb[bdUcGg,tóssMrabdutexμac Edl

ePøIgeqHrnÞalTaMgsgxag manlamkRbLakRtgkNþal rEmg

minseRmcCaós kñúgRsuk:n TaMgminseRmcCaós kñúgéRB:n

manóbmayagNamij mñalPikú¡TaMgLay ‘buK<lNa CaGñkmin

RbRBwtþ edIm|IRbeyaCn¾xøÜn TaMgminRbRBwtþ edIm|IRbeyaCn¾GñkdéT’

tzaKteBalza bursbuK<lenH manóbemyüyagenaHEdr ‘2’³ . kñúgkal«LÚvenH GñkenaH kaleRkaZyagenH nwgmin:n

eQμaHza CaGñkeZVItamBaküeRb[nRbedA rbsRBHd*manRBHPaKpg

EmnBit kaleRkaZtb ‘nwgGñkEdleRkaZ’ k*CaGñkGaRkkCag

bursEdleRkaZehIy nwgmin:neQμaHza CaGñkQñHnUvs®g<am

EdleKQñH:nedaylM:kpg nwg:neQμaHza CaGñkeZVInUvZ(m

EdlsRtUveZVIodlsRtUv dlxøÜn edayxøÜnÉgpg nwgeQμaHza

CaGñkeRb[bdUcCaGg,tós sMrabdutexμacpg³ dUecñH .

‘TUnμanxøÜn n&yTI2 nwkdl´esckþIlÁrbs´eK’ kalRBHeyaKIenaH RbwgERbgBüayam yagenH ebIbdiX;

1- GMÇ sÇ PaKTI 47 TMB&rTI 172 . 2- PaKTI 42 TMB&rTI 235 .

158 RBh μviharnieTÞs

enaH sábrmáab karsábrmáab:nyagenH CakarRbéB ebIbdiX;

enaH minsábrmáabeT tGMBIenaHeTA Zm(Na> rbsbuK<lenaH Ca

Zm(sábrmáab CaZm(d*brisuTÆlÁ kalrlwker]y>eTA k*rEmgnaMmk

nUvesckþIRCHzøa RBHeyaKI Kb|IrMlwknUvZm(enaH> er]y> ehIy

benÞabgnUvbdiX;:n .

EmnBit kaysmacarhñwgÉg énRBHeyaKIBYkxøH CasPav;

sábrmáabehIy . ÉPaBénkaysmacar rbsRBHeyaKIenaH sáb´

rmáabehIy kalRBHeyaKIenaH eZVInUvvtþ nig esckþIRbtibtþieRcIn

KWCnTaMgGs Etgdwg:n . cMENkvcIsmacar nig menasmacar

CasPav;minsábrmáabeT RBHeyaKI minKb|IKitnUvvcIsmacar nig

menasmacarTaMgenaH rbsbuK<lenaHeT Kb|Irlwker]y> nUvkar

sábrmáabénkaysmacar Etbu¨eNÑaH .

vcIsmacarEtmüag énRBHeyaKIBYkxøH CasPav;sábrmáab´

ehIy . ÉPaBénvcIsmacar énbuK<lBYkxøHenaHsábrmáab KWCn

TaMgGs Etgdwg:n . eRBaHzatamRbRktI buK<lenaHCaGñkqøatév

kñúgbdisNðar;pg CaGñkKYrRsLajpg CaGñkeBalRsYlsþab´

pg CaGñkrYsraypg CaGñkmanmuxRssbspg CaGñkeBal

munpg sURtnUvZm( edaysMeLgd*BieraH sMEdgnUvZmμkza eday

bT nig BüJ¢n;TaMgLayd*RtwmRtUv . cMENkkaysmacar nig

menasmacar minsábrmáabeT . RBHeyaKI minKb|IKitnUvkay-

smacar nig menasmacar rbsbuK<lenaHeT Kb|Irlwker]y>

nUvkarsábrmáab énvcIsmacarEtbu¨eNÑaH:nehIy .

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160 RBh μviharnieTÞs

sMrabbuK<lBYkxøH manZm(TaMg 3 enH sábrmáabehIy RBH

eyaKIR:zñanUvZm(Na> rbsbuK<lenaH Kb|Irlwker]y> nUvZ(m

enaH> cuH .

mYyeT[t edIm|IsMEdgoc|asnUvesckþIenHza ²emtþaPavna

CaZmμCati minEmnEdlbuK<lTaMgLay R:kddUecñH eZVI:n eday

kRmeT³ dUecñH GaXatb|divinysURt kñúgbJ©kni:tenHza ²mñal

Gavuesa KMnuMekIteLIgdl´Pikú¡ Pikú¡RtUvkMcatbg edayRbkarTaMgBYg

eRBaHGaXatb|divin&yNa GaXatb|divin&yenHman 5 yag ‘1’ ³ dUecñH bNÐitKb|IeZVIoBisþarpgcuH .

‘TUnμanxøÜn n&yTI3 esckþIeRkaZeZVITuk¡oxøÜnÉg’ k*RbsinNaebI kalRBHeyaKIenaH Büayam sUm|Iy¨agenH

esckþIKMnuM enAEtekIteLIgdEdl kalebImanRbkardUecñH RBHeyaKI

Kb|ITUnμanxøÜn yagenH za ;

‘1’ zaebIbuK<lmaneB[r eZVIesckþITuk¡dl´Gñk kñúg ragkayrbs´xøÜn cuHehtuGVI k*GñkR:zñaedIm|IeZVInUv esckþITuk¡ kñúgcitþrbs´xøÜn EdlminEmnCakay rbs´eKeTAvijç ‘2’ GñklHbg´ehIynUvmatabita Gñkmanóbkar; eRcIn nig BYkjati manmuxkMBugEtERskyM ehtu GVI minlHbg´nUvesckþIeRkaZ EdlCasRtUv GñkeZVI nUvGMeBIEdlminEmnCaRbeyaCn¾d*ZMç

1- suÇ GMÇ bÇ PaKTI 45 TMB&rTI 114 .

visuTÆimK< ERb 159

sMrabbuK<lBYkxøH manmenasmacarEtmüa¨gKt sábrmáab

ehIy . ÉPaBénmenasmacar énbuK<lBYkxøHenaH sábrmáab´

ehIy rEmgR:kd dlCnTaMgGs kñúgTITaMgLay mankarcUl

eTAzVaybg<MRBHectiyCaedIm . EmnBit buK<lNa CaGñkmancitþ

minsábrmáabehIy buK<lenaH kalzVaybgM<nUvRBHectiykþI nUvedIm

eBaZiRBwkSkþI nUvRBHezr;TaMgLaykþI minzVaybgM<edayeKarBeT Ca

GñkGg<úymancitþrevIrvayxøH Gg<úyegakgkxøH kñúgmNÐlCaTIsþab´

nUvZm( . cMENkbuK<lGñkmancitþsábrmáabehIy eC]CakehIy

zVaybgM<edayeKarB CaGñkmanRtec[kepÞ{gsþabehIy eZVIioCa

RbeyaCn¾ kaleZVIoCakc|as nUvesckþIRCHzøaéncitþ edaykay

xøH edayvacaxøH eTIbsþabZm( .

sMrabbuK<lBYkxøH menasmacarEtmüagKt CasPav;sáb

rmáabehIy dUcEzøgmkenHÉgç kaysmacar nig vcIsmacarTaMg

Lay CasPav;minsábrmáabeT RBHeyaKI minKb|IKitnUvkay-

smacar nig vcIsmacarTaMgenaH énbuK<lenaHeT Kb|Irlwker]y>

nUvkarsábrmáab énmenasmacarEtmüagbu¨eNÑaH:nehIy .

sMrabbuK<lBYkxøH bNþaZm(TaMg 3 enH sUm|IZm(mYy k*

minsábrmáabEdr RBHeyaKI Kb|ItMklesckþIGaNit kñúgbuK<lenaH

za ²kñúgkal«LÚvenH buK<lenH RtaceTA kñúgmnusSelak k*Bit

EmnehIy k*bu¨Enþza edayGMeNIHBIrbIézáeTA buK<lenH nwgCaGñk

bMeBj nUvmhanrk 8 reNþApg nig ósSúTnrk 16 pg³ .

d|itza esckþIKMnMu rEmgsábrmáab eRBaHGaRs&ynUvkruNa .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 161

‘3’ GñkminsmebI enAEtObRkesabesckþIeRkaZ EdlCaeRK]gkat´bg nUvb\sénsIlTaMgLayEdl GñkrkSaenaH sUmsYrbnþic GñkNaláIeláI R:kdes μI edayGñkç ‘4’ GñkeRkaZza km μminRbesIr EdlbuK<ldéT:n eZVIehIy yagNahñ@ GñkR:zñaedIm|IeZVInUvkmμR:kd dUecñaH edayxøÜnÉgeTAvijç ‘5’ ebIbuK<ldéTmanbMNgcg´eZVIoGñkxwg :neZVI nUvesckþIminKab´citþo emþck*GñkjúaMgmenarzrbs´ eKoeBj edaykarjúaMgkMhwgoekIteLIgenaHç ‘6’ k*ZmμtaGñkeRkaZehIy nwgeZVInUvesckþITuk¡dl´ eK ß mineZVI Et«LÚvenHÉg Gñkeb[teb[n nUvxøÜn Ég edayekaZTuk¡ ‘Tuk¡eRBaHesckþIeRkaZ’ç ‘7’ müa¨geT[t ebIBYkGñkmaneB[r eLIgehIykan´ pøÚvminCaRbeyaCn¾ KWesckþIeRkaZ ehtuemþcTaMgGñk k*xwg yktMrab´tambuK<lBYkenaHeTAvijç ‘8’ sRtUvGaRs&ynUvkarxwgNarbs´Gñk eZVInUvGMeBI minCaTIRsLaj´ cUrGñkkat´ecal nUvesckþIxwgenaH eTA dUcemþck*GñkenAEtekþARkhay kñúgGMeBIEdlmin smKYreZVIGIVeT[tç ‘9’ sRtUv:neZVIGMeBIminCaTIKab´citþdl´Gñk eday xnÆTaMgLayNa xnÆTaMgLayenaH k*rlt´:teTA

162 RBh μviharnieTÞs

ehIy eRBaHPav;énZm(TaMgLayCasPav;RbRBwtþeTA kñúgxN; kñúgkal«LÚvenH etIGñkenAeRkaZxwgnwg GñkNaeT[t kñúgTIenHç ‘10’ buK<lNaeZVInUvesckþITuk¡dl´buK<lNa ev[r nUvbuK<lenaHecj buK<lenaH Kb|IeZVInUvesckþITuk¡ dl´buK<lNa xøÜnGñkCaehtu énesckþITuk¡ eday xøÜnÉgEmnBit eRBaHehtudUcemþc k*GñkenAEteRkaZ xwgnwgeKeT[t .

‘TUnμanxøÜn n&yTI4 BicarNakm μrbs´xøÜn’ ‘180’ k*RbsinebI kalRBHeyaKIenaHsUm|ITUnμanxøÜn yag

enH bdiX; enAEtminsábrmáabhñwgÉgç kalebIy¨agenH RBHeyaKI

enH Kb|IBicarNarnUvPaBénxøÜnpg énbuK<ldéTpg za CaGñkman

kmμCarbs´xøÜn . bNþaxøÜn nig buK<ldéTTaMgenaH RBHeyaKIKb|I

BicarNa ‘kmμ’ rbsxøÜnÉg Camun yagenH za ²mñalGñkd*cMerIn

GñkeRkaZxwgehIycMeBaHbuK<lenaH GñknwgeZVInUvGVI ERkgkmμenaH

maneTasCaehtu nwgRbRBwtþeTA edIm|IminEmnCaRbeyaCn¾ dlGñk

eTß eRBaHza Gñk CaGñkmankm μCarbsxøÜn CaGñkmankm μCamt(k

CaGñkmankm μCakMeNIt CaGñkmankmμCaepABgS CaGñkmankm μCa

TIBwgGaRs&y GñknwgeZVInUvkmμNa nwgCaGñkTTYlyknUvrgVan´ én

kmμenaH mYyvijeT[t km μenH minGacjúaMgsmμasem¬aZiJ¦aN o

sMerc dlGñk:neT minGacjúaMgbec©keBaZi‘J¦aN’ osMeRmc

eT minGacjúaMgsavkPUmiosMerc:neT minGacjúaMgsm|tþiNa-

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visuTÆimK< ERb 163

mYy kñúgcMeNamsm|tiþTaMgLay manPaBénxøÜnCaRBhμ CaRBH«nÞ

CaesþccRkBtþi nig CaesþckñúgRbeTsCaedIm oseRmc dl´

Gñk:neTç ebItamBiteTA kmμenH manEtjúaMgGñkoXøakcakRBH

sasnaehIy júaMgPaBénbuK<l manbuK<lGñksIuEdlCaedIm nig

júaMgTuk¡viessTaMgLay manTuk¡kñúgnrkCaedIm oRbRBwtþeTA dl

Gñkç GñkenaH kaleZVInUvkmμenH eQμaHza dutnUvxøÜnÉg Camun nig

eQμaHza eZVIxøÜnÉg omankøinsÁúy dUcCabursGñkR:zña edIm|Icab´

nUvregIkePøIgTaMgLay EdlR:scakGNþatkþI nUvlamkkþI eday

édTaMg 2 ehIyRbharnUvbuK<ldéT eQμaHza dutnUvxøÜnÉg Camun

nig eQμaHza eZVIxøÜnÉgomankøinsÁúy yagenaHEdr .

RBHeyaKI luHBicarNa nUvPaBénxøÜnCaGñkmankm μCarbs´

xøÜn yagenHehIy Kb|IBicarNa nUvPaBénbuK<ldéTCaGñkmankm μ

Carbs´xøÜn yagenH za ²sUm|IbuK<lenaH xwgcMeBaHGñkehIy nwg

eZVInUvGVI ERkgkmμenaH nwgRbRBwtþeTA edIm|IminEmnCaRbeyaCn¾ dl´

buK<ln@uHÉg eRBaHza elakGñkd*manGayuenH CaGñkmankm μCa

rbs´xøÜn CaGñkmankm μCamt(k .l. nwgeZVInUvkmμNa nwgCaGñk

TTYlyknUvrgVan´énkm μenaH mYyvijeT[t kmμenH minGacjúaMg

smμasem¬aZiJ¦aN osMercdleK:neT minGacjúaMgbec©keBaZi

‘J¦aN’ oseRmc:neT minGacjúaMgsavkPUmi osMerc:neT

minGacjúaMgsm|tþiNamYy kñúgcMeNamsm|tiþTaMgLay manPaB

énxøÜnCaRBhμ CaRBH«nÞ CaesþccRkBtþi nig CaesþckñúgRbeTs

CaedIm oseRmcdleK:neTç ebItamBiteTA kmμenH manEtjúaMg

164 RBh μviharnieTÞs

buK<lenaH oXøakcakRBHsasnaehIy júaMgPaBénbuK<l man

buK<lGñksIuEdlCaedIm nig júaMgTuk¡viessTaMgLay manTuk¡kñúg

nrkCaedIm oRbRBwtþeTA dlbuK<lenaHç buK<enaHÉg kaleZVInUv

kmμenH eQμaHza erayraynUv ‘eTas’ dlxøÜnÉg eRb[bdUcCa

burs GñkQrenA kñúgTIRcasxül ehIyR:zñaerayray nUvbuK<l

déT edayZUlI dUecñaHÉg . smdUcCaRBHmanRBHPaKRtas za ;

buK<lBalNa RbTUsþcMeBaHCn EdlminRbTUsþ CabursbrisuTÆ minmankielsdUcCaTITYl :b rEmgRtLb´mkRtUvbuK<lBalenaHvij dUcCaZUlId* lÁit EdlbuK<l:cRcasxül´> k*RtLb´mkRtUv Gñk:cenaHvij ‘1’ .

‘TUnμanxøÜn n&yTI5 BicarNadlbuBVcriyarbsRBHBuTÆ’

‘181’ k*RbsinebI RBHeyaKIenaH BicarNa nUvkmμsSkta

y¨agenHehIy bdiX; k*enAEtminsábrmáabdEdl kalebIy¨ag

enH RBHeyaKIenaH Kb|IBicarNa nUvKuNCacMENk énbuBVcriya

rbs´RBHsasþavijmþg . enHCan&yénkarBicarNa kñúgbuBVcriya

KuNrbsRBHsasþaenaH za ²EnbBVCitd*cMerIn RBHsasþarbsGñk

minTan:nRtas´dwg kñúgkalmunGMBIsem¬aZism&y sUm|IenACaRBH

eBaZistVenAeLIy kalbMeBjRBH:rmI Gs 4 Gseg¡ykMérmYy

Esnkb| k*minjúaMgcitþRbTUsþcMeBaHbuK<lTaMgLayCasRtUvsUm|I

1- suÇ sMÇ sÇ PaKTI 30 TMB&rTI 92 .

ពទ�ធកស

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រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 165

CaGñksmøab kñúgCatiTaMgLayenaH>k*eday er]genHdUcemþcxøH/ .

‘sIlvCatk’

bNÐitKb|IRCaber]g kñúgsIlvCatk munsin RBHsIlv-

eBaZistV kalRBHraCaEdlCasRtUv KWGamatü:b EdlRbTUsþ

ehIy cMeBaHRBHeTvIrbsRBHGg< naMykmkehIy deNþImyknUv

GaNaextþ GsTI300 eyaCn¾ k*min:noBYkGamatüEdleRkak

eLIg edIm|IRbeyaCn¾ dlkarkarBar cab´BalsUm|InUvGavuZeLIy

RtUvRBHraCaCasRtUv mYyGenøIedayGamatümYyBan CIknUvEpndI

RbmaNRtwm-k ehIykb´ecal kñúgéRBsμsan CaTIecalnUvexμac

RsseT[t k*mineZVIsUm|IRtwmEtkarjúaMgcitþoRbTUsþ RTgeZVIkar

BüayamrbsbursehIy k*:nmanCIvitmkvij eRBaHGaRs&ynUv

Eq,cckTaMgLayEdlmkkkayGacm¾dIsIunUvsasB RTgcuHehIy

kñúgbnÞbd*mansirIrbsxøÜn edayGanuPaBénykS eXIjnUvsRtUv

EdledkehIyelIdMeNkd*mansirI mineZVInUvesckþIeRkaZxwgesaH

eZVInUvkars|zEs|KñaeTAvijeTAmk k*:nEtgtaMgnUvsRtUvenaH kñúg

tMENgdUcCamiRt ehIyRtas´za ;

bursCabNÐit RtUvEtbu¨nb¨gomutmaM minRtUven]y NayeLIy eyIgeXIjnUvxøÜneyIgRsab´ehIy eyIgR:zña y¨agNa k*:ny¨agenaH ‘1’ .

‘xnþivaTiCatk’

1- suÇ xuÇ CaÇ PaKTI 58 TMB&rTI 23 .

166 RBh μviharnieTÞs

er]gkñúgxnþivaTICatk xnþivaTItabseBaZistV kalebIRBH

raCa ‘klaBu’ EdnkasI RTgmanR:C\aTn´exSay RTgRtas´sYrza

²EnsmN; etIGñkmanvaTIdUcemþc³ dUecñH k*eqøIyza ²Gatμa eQμaH

za xnþivaTI³ dUecñH RtUvvayedayepþATaMgbnøaehIy katéd nig eCIg

ecalk*eday k*min:neZVIsUm|InUvehtuRtwmEtkareRkaZxwgeLIy .

karEdlxnþivaTItabs EdlCaZM cUlkanpñÜsehIy Kb|I

eZVI:nyagenH nu@H minCakarGs©arüNasNaeT .

‘cULZm μ:lCatk’ Gm|alyagkñúgcULZmμ:lCatk Zmμ:lkumareBaZistV

sUm|ICaGñkenAedkpáar kalRBHmataRTgRBHBilab yagenHza ;

bBiRtRBHsm μtieTB edImédTaMgLay Edllab ln´ehIy edayrsénxøwmcnÞn¾ énZmμ:l GñkCa TayaT EpndIdac´ CIvit rbs´xM\úm©as´k*nwgrlt´eTA r

dUecñH RtUvRBHraCaRBHnammhabtab;Cabita Rtas´bJ¢a oeKkat´

éd nig eCIgTaMg 4 dUcCakgénb\sSIbu¨NÑwgehIy k*enAEtminlμm

RBHT&y RTgRtas´bg<ab ‘eT[t’ za ²cUrGñkTaMgLaykatnUvk|al

rbs´va³ dUecñH eTIbRTgdaset]nxøÜnza ²kñúgkal«LÚvenH enHKWCa

kalCaTIpÞjpÞal´nUvcitþrbsGñkolÁehIy mñalZmμ:ld*cMerIn

«LÚvenH GñkcUrCaGñkmancitþesμI cMeBaHbuK<lTaMg 4 nakenH KW

cMeBaHRBHbitaGñkbg<abokatk|al 1 cMeBaHbursGñkkatk|al1

cMeBaHRBHmata EdlkMBugEtRTgxSwkxSÜl 1 cMeBaHxøÜn 1 ³ dUecñH

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168 RBh μviharnieTÞs

sVaenH CaGahar rbs´BYkmnusS dUcCaBYkRmwK déT kñúgéRBEdr ebIdUecñaH Gat μaGj XøanehIy Kb|Ismøab´nUvsVaenHsIu GjsIuEqÁtehIy nwgyk nUvsacCaes|{g ehIynwgedIreTA nwgqøgnUvpøÚv qáay es|{grbs´Gjk*manRsab´

dUecñHehIy k*elIkdMuzμehIyTMlayk|al kalRkeLkemIl nUv

bursenaH manEPñkTaMgLay eBjehIyedayTwkEPñk eBalza ;

dUecñHehIy minjúaMgcitþoRbTUsþ kñúgbursenaH minKitnUvesckþITuk¡

rbs´xøÜnesaH ehIyjúaMgbursenaHÉg o:ndlehIy nUvPUmi

EdlmanesckþIekSmkSanþ .

‘PUriTtþCatk’

‘kñúgPUriTtþCatk’ RBHeBaZistV CanaKraC eQμaHza PUriTtþ

kalGZidðan nUvGg<énóe:szsIlehIy k*edkenAelIk|aldMbUk

kalebIsrIr;TaMgmUl TukCaRtUvRBanRBYsedayOsz R:kdes μI

edayePøIgEdltaMgenAGskb| dakcuHkñúgkMeR:gehIy oelg

kñúgsklCm¬ÚTVIb k*min:neZVIehIysUm|IRtwmEtkiriyajúaMgcitþ o

RbTUsþ kñúgRBanéRBenaHeLIy smdUcCaelakeBalTuk za ;

bBiRtelakd*cMerIn elakCaelakm©as´énx\úM eQμaH za elakkMueZVIeLIynUvGMeBIR:kddUcenH KYrCaGñk manGayuEvgKYredIm|IhamXat´nUvCnTaMgLaydéT

visuTÆimK< ERb 167

ehIy RTgGZidðannUvTL$smaTan‘KWkareZVIcitþesμIorwgmaM’ min:n

RTgeZVIsUm|IRtwmEtGakarEdlRbTUsrayeLIy .

Zmμ:lkumarCamnusSRtLaMg :neZVIehIyyagenH eday

ehtuNa ehtunu@H BMuTan´Gs©arüenAeLIyeT .

‘qTÞnþCatk’

bu¨nGm|alyag ‘kñúgqTÞnþCatk’ RBHeBaZistVsUm|ICastV

tircäan KWCadMrIeQμaHqTÞnþ sUm|IRtUvkUnsrEdlRtaMeehIy eday

zñaMBis mutehIy Rtgp©it k*minjúaMgcitþoRbTUsþ cMeBaHRBanGñk

eZVInUvesckþIvinas smdUcCaRBHGdðkzacarü eBalTukehIy za ;

dMrId*RbesIr RtUvRBanéRB:j´ehIy edaysrd* ezøas minmancitþRbTUsþ:nniyaynwgRBanéRBza EnsMLaj GñkRtUvkarGVI etIeRBaHehtuGVI:nCaGñk smøab´eyIg müa¨geT[t karRbkbenHrbs´GñkNa

dUecñH luHeBalyagenHrYcehIy RBanR:bza ²x\úM CaGñkEdlRBH

mehsI énesþckñúgEdnkasI RTgRtasbJ¢Únmk edIm|IRbeyaCn¾

dlPøúkTaMgLayrbsGñk³ dUecñH kaljúaMgmenarz énRBanenaH

oeBj :noRBankatPøúkTaMgLay rbs´xøÜn d*PøWepøkdUcCamas

Edlruger]gRBmehIyqøúHrsμImanBN( 6 .

‘mhakbiCatk’

‘kñúgmhakbiCatk’ RBHeBaZistV CasVad*ZM RtUvbursEdl

elIkeLIgehIy GMBIeRCaHPñM edayxøÜnÉg KityagenH za ;

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visuTÆimK< ERb 169

x\úMkalGalm¬ay RckkñúgkMeR:gkþI kaljaMjI edayEkgeCIgkþI k*mineRkaZxwgEdr eRBaHP&yxøac GMBIkiriyadac´énsIl rbseyIg .

‘cem|yüCatk’

sUm|IRKakalRBHeBaZistV CanaKraCeQμaHza cem|yü;

RtUvhμBseb[teb[n k*min:njúaMgsUm|IRtwmEtesckþIRbTUsþéncitþ

oekIteLIgEdr smdUcCaelakeBalehIy za ;

‘sg¡:lCatk’

hμBs´ cab´nUvGjCaGñkRbRBwtþnUvZm( caMóe:sz ‘naMeTAo’elg eT[bTVarRBHraCvaMg k*kñúgkalenaH hμBs´enaH KitnUvBN(Na KW BN(ex[vkþI B(N el]gkþI BN(RkhmkþI x\úMkalRbRBwtþtamcitþ énh μ Bs´enaH CaGñkeQVgylnUvehtuEdlhμBs´enaH KitehIy x\úMKb|IeZVITIeKakoeTACaTITwkk*:n Kb|I eZVITITwkoeTACaTIeKakk*:n RbsinebIx\úMKb|IeRkaZ xwg cMeBaHh μBs´enaH k*x\úMKb|IeZVIhμBs´enaH oeTA CaepH Pøam>k*:n RbsinebIx\úMnwgCaGñkRbRBwtþeTA kñúgGMNacéncitþ xúM\nwgsabsUnüehIy caksIl kalebIx\úMsabsUnücaksIlehIy RbeyaCn¾ d* ótþm nwgminseRmceLIy .

170 RBh μviharnieTÞs

sUm|IkñúgRKaEdlRBHeBaZistV ekItCasg¡:lnaKraC RtUv

kUnRBanéRB 16 nak ecaHRskITaMgLay 8 kEnøg edaylMEBg

TaMgLayd*mut ehIyrujvløiEdlmanbnøacUleTAtammuxrbYsTaMg

Lay RckExSEdlmaM tamRcmuH ehIyEsgGUs edaysERgk

manxøÜnbHTg<icRtgépÞénZrNI TTYlnUvesckþITuk¡d*ZMEZg xwgehIy

sUm|ICaGñkGac edIm|IeZVInUvkUnRBanéRBTaMgGsoeTACaepH eday

RKan´EtRkeLkemIlbu¨eNÑaH eZμcEPñkehIy min:neZVIehIysUm|I

RtwmEtGakarEdlRbTUsþ . smdUcCaelakeBalehIy za ;

k*RBHmanRBHPaKRTg:neZVInUvKuNKYrGs©arü manRbkardUc

eBalmkbu¨eNÑH enABMuTan´GseCIgeT RTg:neZVInUvKuNTaMgLay

déTeT[t EdlKYroGs©arüCaeRcIn kñúgCatiTaMgLay manmatu-

e:skCatkCaedImç GMeBIeQμaHza karjúaMgbdiXcitþ oekIteLIg

CakarminKYr KW mansPaBminsmKYréRkeBk dlGñkenaH Edl

eBalGagnUvRBHd*manRBHPaKGg<enaH Edlkñúgkal«LÚvenH RTg´

seRmcehIy nUvsBVJ¦útþJ¦aN manxnþICaKuN CaRBHsasþa min

bBiRtGLar; x\úMrkSaóe:sz kñúgézáTI14 nig ézá TI 15 Canic© RKaenaH BYkePaCbuRt 16 nak´ kan´nUvExS nig GnÞakd*maM edIrmk RBanTaMgLay TMlay ‘srIr;’ ykExSxøúsRcmuHehIy EsgnaM ykx\úMeTA x\úMjúaMgóe:sz minokeRmIk xMGt´RTaM nUvesckþITuk¡TaMgenaH .

ពទ�ធកស

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172 RBh μviharnieTÞs

s®g<amRbek[kKñaTaMgBIrxag sÞúHeTAkñúgsmuRT tamnava nig eZVInUv

kargardéTeT[t EdleZVI:nedaylM:k RbmUlnUvRTBü eday

ó:yTaMgLayenaH> edayKitza ²GjnwgciJ©wmnUvkUntUc³ dUecñH

ehIyciJ©wmnUvGatμaGjç bursenH CabgbÁÚnRbus RsIenH Cabg

bÁÚnRsI bursenHCakUnRbus nig RsIenHCakUnRsI ‘rbsGatμaGj’

k*za:n TaMg:neZVIehIy nUvóbkar;enHpgenaHpg dlGatμaGj

eRBaHehtuenaH karEdlGatμaGj júaMgcitþoRbTUsþ cMeBaHbuK<l

TaMgLayenaH minsmKYresaHeLIy³ dUecñH .

‘TUnμanxøÜn n&yTI7 BicarNaGanisgSénemtþa’

‘183’ k*RbsinebIRBHeyaKIenaH enAEtminGac edIm|IrMlt

nUvcitþ yagdUecñH:neT bnÞabmk RBHeyaKIenH Kb|IBicarNa

GanisgSénemtþa yagenHza ²mñalbBVCitd*cMerIn ERkgRBHd*man

RBHPaK RTgRtas´za; mñalPikú¡TaMgLay emtþaecetavimutíþ Edl

buK<l:nesB GbrM eZVIoeRcIn eZVIodUcCayan eZVIodUcCaTItaMg

tm,lmaM snSMedaymtct R:rBÆlÁehIy nwgmanGanisgS 11

CaR:kd GanisgS 11 etIdUcemþcxøH KW emtþaviharibuK<l rEmg

edklkRsYl 1 P\akeLIgk*RsYl 1 minylsbþGaRkk 1 CaTI

RsLajénmnusSTaMgLay1 CaTIRsLajénGmnusSTaMgLay1

BYkeTvtaEtgrkSa 1 ePøIgkþIzñaMBiskþIs®sþavuZkþI rEmgminb¨HBal1

buK<lenaHtm,lcitþenAnwgd*qabrh&s1 mansm|úrmuxRssbs1

minvegVgeZVImrNkal 1 kalebIminTan´:nRtasdwgnUvmK<pleT

Kg:neTAekItenAÉRBhμelak 1 ³ dUecñH zaebIGñkminrMltnUvcitþ

visuTÆimK< ERb 171

manbuK<lNamYy kñúgelakRBmTaMgeTvelakeRb[besμI:neLIy

y¨agdUecñHÉg .

‘TUnμanxøÜnn&yTI6 BicarNarkarTak´TgkñúgvdþsgSar’

‘182’ k*RbsinebI kalRBHeyaKIenaH sUm|IBicarNa nUv

RBHKuN KWkiriyaRbRBwtþikñúgxagedIm rbsRBHsasþa dUcEdl:n

eBalmkyagenHç esckþIzñaMgzñakcitþ rbsRBHeyaKIGñkdlnUv

PaBCax\úMénkielsTaMgLay GsraRtIkald*EvgenaH enAEtminTan´

sábrmáabeT[t bnÞabmk RBHeyaKIenaH Kb|IBicarNa nUvPaB

énsgSar minmanTIbMput . EmnBit kñúgGnmtK<sURtenaH RBHman

RBHPaKRTgRtas´RBHtRmasenH za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay stVNa

minZøabekItCamata stVNa minZøabekItCabita stVNa minZøab´

ekItCabgbÁÚnRbus stVNa minZøabekItCabgbÁÚnRsI stVNa min

ZøabekItCakUnRbus stVNaminZøabekItCakUnRsI stVenaH eKmin

gayrk:n ‘1’ ³ . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKIKb|IjúaMgcitþ oekIt

eLIg kñúgbuK<lenaH za ²:n»za kñúgkalEdlknøgmkehIy ®sþI

enH CamatarbsGj kalrkSanUvépÞ Gs 10 Ex k*minex¬ImeqÁIm

naMecjmknUvvtæúminsÁatTaMgLaymanmURt krIs Twkmat nig Twk

sem|arCaedIm dUcCaeKnaMecjnUvxøwmcnÞn¾Rkhm epþkenAelIRTUg

Bedayceg,H ciJ©wmehIyç ‘bursenH’ Cabita rbsGj kaleTA

kan´pøÚvlM:kTaMgLay manpøÚvBEB nig pøÚvkegVrCaedIm RbkbnUv

karCYj lHbgTaMgCIvit edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dlGj ehIycUleTAkñúg

1- suÇ sMÇ niÇ PaKTI 32 TMB&rTI 101 .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 173

enHeT GñknwgenAxageRkAGMBIGanisSTaMgenH .

‘TUnμanxøÜn n&yTI8 eRbIviZIbMEbkZatu’ ‘184’ EtebIRBHeyaKI minGacedIm|IeZVIcitþorMlt yag

enH:neT Kb|IeZVIkarEvkEjkZatuç etIRtUveZVIdUcemþc/ KWRtUvTUnμan

xøÜn edayviZIy¨agenHza ²EnbBVCitd*cMerIn cuHGñkkalxwgcMeBaH

buK<lenH GñkxwgdlGñkNa GñkxwgdlskTaMgLayß ßzadl

eramTaMgLay RkckTaMgLay .l. GñkxwgdlTwkmURtß ßBuM

enaHesat GñkxwgdlbfvIZatu kñúgGakarTaMgLaymanskCaedIm

ß GñkxwgdlGae:Zatu eteCaZatu vaeyaZatuß/ müagvijeT[t

elakd*manGayuenH eKehAza maneQμaHyagenH eRBaHGaRs&y

nUvxnÆ 5 TaMgLayNa eRBaHGaRs&ynUvGaytn; 12 TaMgLay

Na eRBaHGaRs&ynUvZatu 16 TaMgLayNaç kñúgbJ©k¡nÆTaMgenaH

etIGñkxwgdlrUbk¡nÆß ßza Gñkxwgdl´evTnaxnÆÇÇÇsJ¦axnÆÇÇÇsg¡ar

k¡nÆÇÇÇnig viJ¦aNk¡nÆç müageT[t Gñkxwgdlck¡%aytn;ß ßza Gñk

xwgdlrU:ytn;/ .l. Gñkxwgdlmnaytn; ß Gñkxwgdl

Zmμaytn;/ç müageT[t Gñkxwgdlckú¡Zatu ß GñkxwgdlrUbZatu

Gñkxwgdlckú¡viJ¦aNZatu .l. GñkxwgdlmenaZatu ß xwgdl´

ZmμZatu ßk*GñkxwgdlmenaviJ¦aNZatu/³ dUecñH . EmnBitehIy

kalRBHeyaKIenaH eZVInUvkarbMEbkZatu dUc:neBalmkenH TICaTI

taMgenAs)bénesckþIeRkaZ k*minman dUcCaTItaMgénRKabés¬ elI

EdkEdlRsYc minman nig dUcCaTItaMgénrUbKMnUrBÆd*Gakas min

man yagdUecñaHÉg .

174 RBh μviharnieTÞs

‘TUnμanxøÜncugeRkay eZVIkarEvkEjknUvTan’ ‘185’ EtebIRBHeyaKIenH minGac edIm|IeZVIkarbMEbkZatu

‘yagenH’ :neT Kb|IeZVIkarEvkEjknUvTan . RBHeyaKI Kb|Io

vtæúEdlCarbsxøÜn dlGñkdéT . Kb|ITTYlyk nUvvtæúrbsGñk

déTmk edIm|IxøÜn . k*RbsinebIGñkdéT CaGñkmanGaCIBepSgKña

manbrik¡arminlμmeRbIR:s RBHeyaKIRtUvoEtvtæúCarbs´xøÜnvij .

kalRBHeyaKIenaH eZVIyagenH esckþIKMnMu cMeBaHbuK<lenaH rEmg

sábrmáab edaycMENkmYyEmnBit . cMENkesckþIeRkaZ rbs´

RBHeyaKIeRkAenH sUm|ICabtamehIy cabtaMgGMBIGtItCatimk

k*rEmgsábrmáab:n kñúgxN;enaHPøamEdr dUcCaesckþIeRkaZrbs´

RBHmhaezr;Gñk:n:RtehIy EdlRBHezr; GñkRbRBwtþbiNÐ:t

Cavtþ Gñkmanesnasn;enArYcehIy Gsva;3 dg kñúgvtþeQμaH

citþlbB(t eBalza ²bBiRtRBHetCHRBHKuN :RtenH Rbkb

edaytémø 8 khabN; Edló:sikaCamatarbsx\úMRbeKnehIy

CalaPRbkbedayZm( sUmRBHetCHRBHKuNeZVInUvbuJ¦laP dl

mhaó:sikapgcuH³ dUecñH RbeKnehIy sábrmáaby¨agenaHÉg .

BitEmnehIy ZmμtaTanenH manGanuPaBeRcInyagenHÉg smdUc

elakeBalehIy za ;

TanCaeRK]gTUnμancitþEdlminTan´TUnμanehIy Tan CaeRK]gjúaMgRbeyaCn¾TaMgBYg osMerc:n Cn TaMgLay eRtkRtGalpg zñmcitþpg eRBaHkaro CamYynwgkareBalBaküCaTIRsLaj´ .

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176 RBh μviharnieTÞs

nUvPikú¡TaMg 3 rUbeLIy³ dUecñHç sImsemÖT eQμaHza CaEdn

KWPikú¡enaH min:neZVIehIyEmnBit . eRBaHehtuGVI/ . eRBaHza

RBHeyaKI R:zña ‘oBYkecar’ cabPikú¡Na> k*eQμaHza CaGñkmin

EsVgrknUvRbeyaCn¾ odlPikú¡enaH> eQμaHza CaGñkEsVgrkEt

RbeyaCn¾ odlPikú¡déTeTAvij . bu¨Enþ kñúgkalNa RBHeyaKI

mineXIjsUm|InUvPikú¡mYyrUb kñúgcenøaH énCnTaMg 4 nak EdlxøÜn

Kb|IodlBYkrecarç citþd*esμIEtmüag rEmgRbRBwtþeTAkñúgxøÜnÉgpg

kñúgCnTaMg 3 nakenaHpgç kñúgkalenaH sImsemÖT eQμaHza Ca

EdnKWRBHeyaKIenaHeZIVehIy dUecñHÉg . eRBaHehtuenaH :nCa

buraNacarüTaMgLay eBalza ;

RBHeyaKINa CaGñkmancitþCaRbeyaCn¾EmnBit dl´stVTaMgLay rEmgeXIj nUvPaBepSg> kñúg buK<l 4 BYk KW kñúgxøÜnÉg 1 kñúgbuK<lGñkR:zña RbeyaCn¾ 1 kñúgbuK<lCakNþal 1 kñúgbuK<lCa GñkminR:zñaRbeyaCn¾ 1 kñúgkalNaç kñúgkal enaH RBHeyaKIenaH KWbNÐitk*minehAza CaGñk qøat :nemtþatamEdlxøÜnR:zñaeTç kñúgkalNa sImaTaMg 4 KWPikú¡rYmcUlCamYyKñaehIy RBHeyaKI pSayemtþaesμIKña eTAkan´stVelakTaMgBYg RBm TaMgeTvelakpg kñúgkalenaH RBHeyaKIGñkman sImaminR:kd eTIb:neQμaHza CaGñkviessZM CagRBHeyaKavcrmun .

visuTÆimK< ERb 175

‘186’ kalRBHeyaKIenaH manesckþIzñaMgzñakcitþ cMeBaH

buK<lEdlCasRtUv sábrmáab edayviZITUn μanxøÜn manRbkarepSg>

dUc:nBN(namkenHehIy ‘emtþacitþ EdlRBHeyaKIoRbRBwtþeTA’

kñúgbuK<lCaTIRsLaj CaTIRsLajéRkeBk buK<lCasMLaj nig

buK<lCakNþalTaMgLay yagNa citþ ‘rbsRBHeyaKI’ rEmg

RbRBwtþeTAedayGMNacemtþa kñúgbuK<lmaneB[renaH yagnu@HEdr .

bnÞabmk RBHeyaKIenH kaljúaMgemtþaoRbRBwtþeTAer]y>

júaMgPaBéncitþd*esμI kñúgCnTaMg 4 BYk KW kñúgxøÜnÉg 1 kñúgbuK<l

CaTIRsLaj 1 kñúgbuK<lCakNþal 1 kñúgbuK<lEdlCasRtUv 1

odlRBm Kb|IeZVICasImsemÖT ‘karrYmEdncUlKña’ . enHKWCa

lk¡N; énsImsemÖT ‘1’ enaH . zaebI kalebIbuK<lenH CamYynwgbuK<lEdlCaTIRsLaj

buK<lCakNþal nig buK<lCasRtUvTaMgLay RtUvCa 4 nwgrUb

xøÜnÉg Gg<úyehIy kñúgRbeTsmYy BYkecar :nmkehIy eBal

za ²bBiRtRBHKuNm©as sUmRBHKuNm©as onUvPikú¡mYyrUb dl´

BYkeyIgx\úM³ dUecñHç kalebIbuK<lenaH sYrza ²eRBaHehtuGVI/³ dUecñH

k*Kb|IeBalza ²edIm|IRbeyaCn¾ dlkarsmøabPikú¡enaH ykQam

kñúgbMBg-k ehIyeZVInUvBlikmμ³ . k*kñúger]genaH Pikú¡n@uH Kb|I

Kitza ²BYkecar cUrcabyk nUvPikú¡ÉeNaH>³ dUecñHç sImsemÖT

eQμaHza CaEdnKWPikú¡enaH min:neZVIehIyEmnBit . Rbsin

ebIRBHeyaKI Kitza ²BYkecar cUrcabyknUvGatμaGj cUrkMucabyk

1- karpSayemtþacitþeTAesIμ kñúgEdnTaMg 4 enH ehAza sImsemÖT .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 177

‘emtþaQan’

‘187’ cMENkÉ nimitþkþI óbcarkþI eQμaHza KWPikú¡enH:n

ehIy Gskald*esμI énsImsemÖT yagdUecñHÉg . k*kalebI

Pikú¡enH eZVIsImsemÖTehIy Pikú¡enaH kalesB cMerIn eZVIoeRcIn

nUvnimitþenaHÉg eQμaHza:nseRmcnUvGb|na tamn&yEdlelak

eBalehIy kñúgbfvIksiNÉeNaH edayminlM:keLIy .

bfmCÄan RbkbRBmedayemtþa EdllHnUvGg< 5 Rbkb

edayGg< 5 manlMG 3 yag bribUredaylk¡N; 10 CaQan

EdlRBHeyaKIenaH :nseRmcehIy edayPavnanueyaK man

RbmaNbu¨eNÑH . k*kalebIbfmCÄanenaH KWRBHeyaKI :nsMerc

ehIy RBHeyaKIenaH kalesB cMerIn eZVIoeRcIn nUvnimitþenaHÉg

eQμaHza sMercnUvTutiyCÄan nig ttiyCÄan kñúgctuk,n&ypg nig

sMercnUvTutiyCÄan ttiyCÄan nig ctutæCÄan kñúgbJ©k,n&ypg

tamlMdab . EmnBit RBHeyaKIenaH eQμaHza mancitþRbkbeday

emtþa edayGMNacénQanÉNamYy bNþaQanTaMgLay man

bfmCÄanCaedIm pSayeTAkan´Tis 1 ehIyenAç pSayeTAkan

TisTI2 dUcKña TisTI3 dUcKña TisTI4 k*dUcKña TisxagelI

TisxageRkam TTwg k*n&ydUcKñaenHEdrç RBHeyaKIenaH mancitþ

Rbkbedayemtþa d*TUlay d*x¬gx¬s minmanRmaN minmaneB[r

minmanBüa:T pSayeTAkan´elakEdlmanstVRKbGenøI kñúgTis

TaMgBYg eRBaHPaBéncitþTaMgGs´ ehIyenA . k*Gb|naCaeRK]geZVI

oEbøkenH rEmgsMerc dlRBHeyaKIGñkmancitþ:ndl nUvGb|na

178 RBh μviharnieTÞs

edayGMNacénQan manbfmCÄanCaedImEtbu¨eNÑaH .

‘Ek:LIGb|mJ¦a’

k*kñúg:LInu@H bTza ²emtþashKetn³ esckþIza Rbkb

RBmehIyedayemtþa . bTza ²ectsa³ KWmancitþ . bTza ²ÉkM TisM³RBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtas´ehIy edayGMNacénkarpSayeTA

kan´stVEdlelakrabbJ©ÚlehIy kñúgTismYy eRBaHGaRs&ynUv

stVEdlelakkMNtehIyCadMbUg kñúgTismYy . bTza ²pritVa³ KWbHBalehIy :ndleZVIoCaGarmμN¾ . bTza ²vihrti³ man

esckþIza júaMgkiriyaenAeday«riyabz EdlxøÜn:ntaMgTukehIy

kñúgZm(CaeRK]genAd*RbesIr oRbRBwtþeTA . bTza ²tza TutiyM³ esckþIza RBHeyaKIenaH pSayeTAkanTisNa> mYy kñúgTisTaMg

Lay manTisxagekItCaedIm ehIyenA yagNaç k*pSayeTAkan´

TisTI2 TisTI3 nig TisTI4 kñúglMdabénTisTI 1 enaH k*y¨ag

enaHEdr . Baküza ²«ti óTÆM³ éxesckþIza nig edayn&ydUcKñanu@H

Ég kñúgTisxagelI . BIrbTza ²GeZa tiriyM³ KWsUm|IkñúgTisxag

eRkam sUm|IkñúgTisTTwg k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . k*kúñgbTTaMg 2 enaH

bTza ²GeZa³ KWTisxageRkamç bTza ²tiriyM³ :ndlTistUc

TaMgLay .

edayn&yenHÉg RBHeyaKI eQμaHzajúaMgcitþ EdlRbkb

edayemtþa osÞúHel]neTApg osÞúHel]nRtLbmkvijpg kñúg

TisTaMgBYgTaMgLay dUcnaysarzI júaMgesHosÞúHel]neTAmk

kñúgmNÐlCaTIelgesH y¨agenaHÉg .

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180 RBh μviharnieTÞs

‘GtæénvikuBVna’

k*kñúgbTza ²vibueln³ enH bNÐitKb|IeXIjPaB énemtþa

shKtcitþCacitþTUlay edayGMNacénkarpSay . k*mYyeT[t

citþenaH Cacitþd*ZM edayGMNacénPUmi . CacitþminmanRbmaN

edayGMNacénesckþIsÞatpg edayGMNacénRBHeyaKI manstV

CaGarmμN¾manRbmaNmin:npg . eQμaHza CacitþminmaneB[r

eRBaHlHbgnUvsRtUv KWBüa:T:n . eQμaHza CacitþminBüa:T

eRBaHlHbgnUveTamnsS . manGZib|ayza ²minmanTuk¡³ .

enHCaesckþIénvikuBVna EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtas´ehIy

edayn&yza ²mancitþRbkbedayemtþa³ dUecñHCaedIm . k*ÉvikuBVna

‘kareZVIoCakc|as’ enH rEmgsMerc dlRBHeyaKIGñkmancitþdl

ehIynUvGb|naEtbu¨eNÑaH yagNamij RBHsarIbutþetær eBalnUv

KuNCatCaeRK]geZVIoEbøkÉNa kñúgbdismÖiTahñwgÉg za ²emtþa-

ecetavimutþi ‘KuNCatCaeRK]grYccakbdiX;edaycitþKWemtþa’ pSay

edayminmancMENk edayGakar 5 emtþaecetavimutþi pSayeday

mancMENk edayGakar 7 emtþaecetavimutþi pSayeTAkanTis

edayGakar 10 ‘1’ ³ dUecñHç bNÐitKb|IRCabKuNCatCaeRK]geZVI

oEbøkenaHza ²rEmgsMerc dlRBHeyaKI GñkmancitþdlehIy

nUvGb|na Etbu¨eNÑaHÉg³ k*y¨agenaHEdr .

‘GenaZiesaprNa 5’

k*bNþavimutþiTaMgBIrenaH bNÐit Kb|IRCabemtþaecetavimutþi

1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ PaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 97 .

visuTÆimK< ERb 179

RBHmanRBHPaK RTgsMEdgnUvkarpSayemtþa edaycMeBaH

eRBaHkMNtnUvTismYy nig TismYy edaybT:LI manRbmaN

bu¨eNÑH . cMENkbT:LICaedImza ²sBVZi³ RBHGg<RTgRtas´

ehIy edIm|IsMEdg edaymincMeBaH .

kñúgbTTaMgenaH bTza ²sBVZi³ KWkñúgTisTaMgBYg . bTza

²sBVtþtay³ esckþIza eRBaHPaBénRBHeyaKICaGñkmanxøÜn kñúg

stVTaMgBYgTaMgLay manRbePTepSg> GMBIKña dUcCastVzñakTab

zñakkNþal zñakx¬gx¬s´ EdlCamiRt CasRtUv nig CakNþal

CaedIm . GZib|ayza bTza ²GyM brsetþa³ KW eRBaHPav; én

RBHeyaKIenaH CaGñkmanxøÜnesμI eRBaHmineZVInUvkarEvkEjk . n&y

mYyeT[t bTza ²sBVtþtay³ esckþIzaedayPaBéncitþTaMgGs.

GZib|ayza ²min:nbJÚ¢ncitþeTABÆd*xageRkAsUm|IEtbnþicbnþÜc³ .

bTza ²sBVavnþM³ esckþIza EdlmanstVsBVRKb KWEdlRbkb

edaystVRKbGenøI . bTza ²elakM³ KWstVelakTaMgGs .

cMENkBaküza ²Rbkbedayemtþa³ :nCaRBHmanRBHPaK

RTgRtas´ mþgeT[t kñúgkarpSayedaymincMeBaHnu@H eRBaHsMEdgnUv

briyaymanBaküza ²vibueln d*TUlay³ yagenHCaedIm . müag

vijeT[t tza s&BÞkþI «ti s&BÞkþI RBHmanRBHPaK minRTgRtas´

ehIy mþgeT[t kñúgkarpSaymincMeBaHnu@H dUcCakñúgkarpSaycMeBaH

eRBaHehtuNa eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbRBHGg<RTgRtas mþgeT[t za

²mancitþRbkbedayemtþa³ . mYyeT[t RBHGg<RTgRtas´BaküenH

edayGMNacénBaküCaeRK]gRtasEzm .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 181

mankarpSayedaymincMeBaH edayGakar;TaMgLay 5 enH KW

‘1’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T

kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

‘2’ stVmanCIvitTaMgLayTaMgBYg cUrkMuomaneB[r kMuman

Büa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

‘3’ PUtTaMgLayTaMgBYg cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T

kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

‘4’ buK<lTaMgLayTaMgBYg cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T

kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

‘5’ buK<lTaMgLayTaMgBYg EdlelakrabbJ©ÚlehIykñúg

GtþPaB cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþI

sux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

‘OZiesaprNa 7’

bNÐitKb|IRCabemtþaecetavimutþi manpSayedaycMeBaH

edayGakar;TaMgLay 7 enH KW

‘1’ ®sþITaMgLayTaMgBYg cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T

kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

‘2’ bursTaMgLayTaMgBYg cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T

kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

‘3’ RBHGriy;TaMgLayTaMgBYg cUrkMuomaneB[r kMuman

Büa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

‘4’ buK<lminEmnCaRBHGriy;TaMgLayTaMgBYgcUrkMuoman

182 RBh μviharnieTÞs

eB[r kMumanBüa:TkMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH.

‘5’ eTvtaTaMgLayTaMgBYg cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T

kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

‘6’ mnusSTaMgLayTaMgBYg cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T

kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

‘7’ stVZøakkñúgG:yTaMgLayTaMgBYg cUrkMuomaneB[r

kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

‘TisaprNa 10’

bNÐitKb|IRCabemtþaecetavimutþi manpSayeTAkan´Tis

edayGakar;TaMgLay 10 enH KW

‘1’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisxagekIt cUrkMuomaneB[r

kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

‘2’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisxaglic cUrkMuomaneB[r

kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

‘3’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisxageCIg cUrkMuomaneB[r

kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

‘4’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisxagt|Úg cUrkMuomaneB[r

kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

‘5’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisGaeKñy¾ cUrkMuomaneB[r

kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

‘6’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisBay&Bü cUrkMuomaneB[r

kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

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184 RBh μviharnieTÞs

mknUvs&BÞminoesssl . buK<lGñkCabehIy KW CMBakehIy

edayq&ÞnraK; kñúgxnÆTaMgLaymanrUbCaedIm eQμaHza stV . sm

dUcCaRBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtas´ za ²mñalraZ; esckþIeBjcitþNa

esckþIeRtkGrNa esckþIrIkrayNa esckþIR:zñaNa kñúgrUb

buK<lEdlCab´enA kñúgesckþIeBjcitþCaedImenaH CMBakenA kñúg

esckþIeBjcitþCaedImenaH ehtuenaH elakehAza stVç esckþI

eBjcitþNa esckþIeRtkGrNa esckþIrIkrayNa esckþIR:zña

Na kñúgevTnaÇÇÇkñúgsJ¦aÇÇÇkñúgsg¡arÇÇÇkñúgviJ¦aN buK<lEdlCab´

enAkñúgesckþIeBjcitþCaedImenaH CMBakenAkñúgesckþIeBjcitþCa

edImenaH eRBaHehtuenaH elakehAza stV ‘1’ ³ dUecñH . Eteday

s&BÞEdleRbIedayedrdas evaharza ‘stV’ enH RbRBwtþeTA kñúg

buK<lTaMgLayEdlmanraK;eTAR:sehIypgEdr . dUcevahar

za pøitsøwketñat RbRBwtþeTAkñúgpøitd*viess EdlsMercGMBIbenÞaH

énb\sSI dUecñaH . cMENkxag GñkKitKUrGMBIGk¡r;TaMgLay min

BicarNanUvesckþI k*RtUvkar za ²BaküzastVenH RKanEtCaeQμaH

bu¨eNÑaH³ . cMENkÉGacarüBYkNaR:zñanUvesckþI GacarüBYkenaH

R:zñaesckþIza ²eQμaHza stV eRBaHRbkbedaykarCabCMBak³ .

stVTaMgLay eQμaHzamanCIvit eRBaHPav;énstVmanxül´

degIØm GZib|ayza eRBaHkiriyaRbRBwtiþeTACabmindackñúgxüldegIØm

ecj nig xüldegIØmcUl .

eQμaHza BYkPUt eRBaHPav;énstVTaMgenaHCastVekItehIy

1- suÇ sMÇ xÇ PaKTI 34 TMB&rTI 73 .

visuTÆimK< ERb 183

‘7’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTis¤san cUrkMuomaneB[r

kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

‘8’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisnirtI cUrkMuomaneB[r

kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

‘9’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisxageRkam cUrkMuoman

eB[r kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSaxøÜncuH .

‘10’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisxagelI cUrkMuomaneB[r

kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .

stVmanCIvitTaMgLayTaMgBYgÇÇÇ PUtTaMgLayTaMgBYgÇÇÇ

buK<lTaMgLayTaMgBYgÇÇÇBYkstVEdlelakrab´bJ©ÚlGtþPaBTaMg

LayTaMgBYgÇÇÇ kñúgTisxagekItÇÇÇ BYk®sIþTaMgLayTaMgBYgÇÇÇburs

TaMgLayTaMgBYgÇÇÇ RBHGriy;TaMgLayTaMgBYgÇÇÇ BYkminEmnRBH

Griy;TaMgLayTaMgBYgÇÇÇ eTvtaTaMgLayTaMgBYgÇÇÇ mnusSTaMg

LayTaMgBYgÇÇÇ BYkvini:tik;TaMgBYg kñúgTisxagekIt cUrkMuoman

eB[r kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSaxøÜncuH .

stVmanCIvitTaMgLayTaMgBYg .l. ®sþITaMgLayTaMg

BYg .l. vini:tik;TaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisxaglicÇÇ kñúgTis

xageCIgÇÇÇkñúgTisxagt|ÚgÇÇkñúgTisGaeKñy¾ÇÇÇkñúgTisxaglicÇÇÇkñúg

TisxageCIgÇÇÇ kñúgTisnirtIÇÇÇ kñúgTisxageRkamÇÇÇ kñúgTisxagelI

cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUr

rkSanUvxøÜncuH ³ .

kñúgbTTaMgenaH bTza ²seBV³ enaH CaBaküsMrabRbmUl

ពទ�ធកស

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រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 185

GZib|ayza eRBaHPav;énstVenaH ekItRBmehIy KWekItZMZat

eLIgehIy .

niiry; elakehAza buM BYkstVNa elbcUleTA kñúg

niry;EdlehAza bMu enaH eRBaHehtuenaH BYkstVenaH eQμaHza

buK<lç GZib|ayza BYkstVenaH EtgeTA .

ragkay elakehAza GtþPaB ßza xnÆTaMg 5 hñwgÉg

elakehAzaGtþPaBç Baküza GtþPaBenH KWRKanEtCaBakübJ¦tiþ

eRBaHsMedAykxnÆR:MenaH tamsPav;ç stVTaMgLayEdlelak

rabbJ©ÚlehIy kñúgGtþPaBenaH eRBaHehtuenaH stVTaMgLay

enaH eTIbeQμaHza GtþPavbriyabnñaç GZib|ayza ²sPav;TaMg

LayEdlelakkMNtehIy eQμaHza KWelakrabbJ©ÚlehIy

KWCabcUlehIy BÆd*xagkñúg³ dUecñH .

k*Baküza ²BYkstV³ dUecñH yagNa sUm|IBaküd*ess

TaMgLay k*y¨agdUecñaHEdrç BaküTaMgGsenHhñwgÉg bNÐitKb|I

RCabza ²CaBaküpøasbÚþr énstVTaMgGs eRBaHelIkeLIg eday

GMNacéns&BÞEdleRbIjwkjy³ .

sUm|IBaküTaMgLaydéTza ²seBV CnþÚ seBV CIva³ dUecñH

CaedIm CaBaküpøasbÚþrénstVTaMgGs´EtgmaneT[tk*BitEmnehIy

ebITukCadUecñaHk*eday RBHmanRBHPaKRtas´za ²emtþa ecetavimutþi

mankiriyapSayeTA edaymincMeBaH edayGakar;TaMgLay 5³

eRBaHkanyknUvGakar;TaMg 5 enHÉg edayGMNacén‘Gakar;TaMg

5 enaH’ CaBaküR:kd . ebIBYkGacarüNa minRtUvkardlBakü

186 RBh μviharnieTÞs

TaMgLaymanBaküza ²stþa :Na³ dUecñHCaedIm eRBaHRtwmEt

BaküpøasbþÚrEtbu¨eNÑaHç ebItamBiteTA cg:nnUvBaküepSg> Et

müag tamesckþIGZib|aypgEdrç mtirbs´GacarüTaMgenaH bNÐit

eBalza ²pSayeTA edaymincMeBaH³ . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI

minKYrkan´yknUvesckþI edayRbkardUecñaH Kb|IpSayemtþa eday

mincMeBaH edayGMNacénGakar;NamYy kñúgGakar;TaMg 5 enH .

‘Gb|na 528’

k*kñúgbTmatikaTaMgn@uH matikaenH za ²seBV stþa Gevra ehanþú³ dUecñH eQμaHza CaGb|na 1 . matikaenH za ²GBüabCÄa ehanþú³ dUecñH eQμaHza CaGb|na 1 . Baküaza ²GBüabCÄa³ esckþIza EdlR:scakesckþIBüa:T . matikaenHza ²GnIXa ehanþú³ dUecñH eQμaHza CaGb|na 1 . bTza ²GnIXa³ KW min

manTuk¡ . matikaza ²suxI GtþanM brihrnþú³ dUecñH eQμaHza Ca

Gb|na 1 . eRBaHehtuenaH bNþabTTaMgenH bTNa> CabT

R:kd RBHeyaKIKb|IpSayemtþa edayGMNacénbTenaH> cuH .

edayn&ydUcer[brabmkenH Gb|na kñúgkarpSay eday

mincMeBaH man 20 edayGMNacénGb|naTaMgLay 4 kñúgGakar;

TaMgLay 5 . cMENk kñúgkarpSayedaycMeBaH manGb|na 28

edayGMNacénGb|naTaMgLay 4 kñúgGakar;TaMgLay 7 .

k*kñúgGakar;TaMg 7 enaH bTza ²BYk®sþI BYkburs³ RBH

manRBHPaKRTgRtas´ehIy edayGMNacénlig<ç bTza ²BYkRBH

Griy; BYkminEmnRBHGriy;³ RTgRtasedayGMNacénRBHGriy;

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188 RBh μviharnieTÞs

záÚr Bt ‘xøÜn’ bRmHnen[leTAmkCaTuk¡ yagNamijç buK<lGñk

cMerInemtþaecetavimutþi minP\akeLIg yagdUecñaHeT rEmgP\akeLIg Ca

sux KWminmanGakar;xusEbøk dUcp,aQUkEdlkMBugEtrIk dUecñaH .

bTza ²minsubinGaRkk³ esckþIza buK<lGñkcMerInemtþa-

ecetavimutþienaH sUm|Iylsubin k*rEmgyleXIjsubinEdllÁ

Etmüagbu¨eNÑaH hakdUcCakMBugzVaybg<MRBHectiy dUcCakMBugeZVI

karbUCa nig dUcCakMBugsþabRBHZm( . cMENkxag BYkbuK<ldéT

eXIjnUvxøÜn hakbIdUcCaRtUvBYkecarB&TÆcabpg hakbIdUcCaRtUv

BYkRmwKsahavcUleTARbTUsþpg nig hakbIdUcCakMBugZøakcuHeTA

kñúgeRCaHpg yagNamijç buK<lGñkcMerInnUvemtþaecetavimutþi min

subinGaRkk yagdUecñaHeT .

bTza ²CaTIRsLajénBYkmnusS³ esckþIza buK<lGñk

cMerInemtþaecetavimutþienaH rEmgCaTIRsLaj KWCaTIeBjcitþ én

mnusSTaMgLay hakbIdUcCaEkvmukþasMrabBakRtgRTUg nig hak

bIdUcCap,akRmgsMrabRbdabBÆd*k|al yagdUecñaH .

bTza ²CaTIRsLajénBYkGmnusS³ esckþIza buK<lGñk

cMerInemtþaecetavimutþienaH rEmgCaTIRsLaj énmnusSTaMgLay

y¨agNamijç k*rEmgCaTIRsLaj énGmnusSTaMgLay k*y¨ag

dUecñaHEdr eRb[bdUcCaRBHezr; eQμaH visax; .

‘er]gRBHvisaxetær’

:n»mkza RBHezr; eQμaHvisax;enaH :nCakudum¬Ik¾ enA

kñúgTIRkug:dlIbuRt . kudum¬Ik¾enaH kalenA kñúgTIRkug:dlIbuRt

visuTÆimK< ERb 187

nig buzuC¢nç bTza ²BYkeTvta BYkmnusS BYkvini:tik;³ RTg´

Rtas´ehIy edayGMNacénkMeNItekItÉg .

cMENkkñúgkarpSayeTAkanTis Gb|na mandleTA 480

KW 200 eRBaHeZVInUvGb|naTaMgLay 20 > kñúgTismYynigmYy

edayGMNacénn&ymann&yza ²seBV burtæimay Tisay stþa³ dUecñHCaedIm KW 280 eRBaHeZVInUvGb|naTaMgLay 28 > kñúgTis

mYy nig mYy edayn&ymann&yza ²sBVa burtæimay Tisay «tæieya³ dUecñHCaedIm .

ebIrYbrYmeTA Gb|naTaMgGshñwgÉg RtUvCaGb|na 528

EdlRBHZmμesnabtI eBalehIy kñúgbdismÖiTa dUecñHÉg .

‘EkGtæemtþanisgS’

RBHeyaKavcrenH luHcMerInemtþaecetavimutþi edayGMNac

énGb|naNamYy kñúgcMeNamGb|naTaMgenH dUc:nBN(namk

ehIyenH rEmg:nnUvGanisgS 11 yag EdlRBHmanRBHPaK

RTgRtas´ehIy edayn&yza ²GñkcMerInemtþaecetavimutþi rEmgedk

lkRsYl³ dUecñHCaedIm .

kñúgGanisgS 11 yagenaH bTza ²rEmgedklkRsYl³

manesckþIza CnTaMgLayd*ess rEmgedklk´ bRmHnen[l

Rsmuk CaTuk¡ yagNamijç buK<lGñk:nemtþaecetavimutþi minedk

lk yagenaHeT rEmgedklkRsYl sUm|IcUldlkarlglk

ehIy k*hakbIdUcCacUlsmabtþiGIcwg .

bTza ²P\akeLIgCasux³ esckþIza BYkCndéT P\akeLIg

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visuTÆimK< ERb 189

enaHÉg :ndwgBt(manza ²»mkza tm¬bNÑTVIb RtUveKtakEtg

ehIy edaykRmgp,akñúgectiy d*ruger]g edaysMBtkasav; Gñk

Nak*eday GacedIm|IGg<úykþI edkkþI kúñgTIenaH CaTIEdlxøÜnRtUvkar

ehIy> hñwgÉg esckþIsb|ayRKby¨ag KW ótusb|ay esna-

snsb|ay buK<lsb|ay ZmμsSvnsb|ay KWeKrk:neday

RsYl kñúgTIenaH . kudum¬Ik¾enaH RbKlKMnrePaK;rbs´xøÜn odl

buRt nig Priya manEtmYykhabN;bu¨eNÑaHÉg EdlxøÜnevcRtg´

CaysMBt cakecjGMBIpÞH rgcaMnava RtgeqñrénsmuRT enAehIy

GsmYyEx . KYroesáIcEmn eRBaHKatCaGñkqøatkñúgevahar Kat

TijPNÐ; Ek|rTVarenH ykeTAlkEk|rTVarÉenaH eTIbsEnSsnSM

nUvRTBü:nmYyBankhabN; edayrvagmYyEx EdlrgcaMnava

enaHÉg edaykarCYjERbEdlRbkbedayZm( . Katk*:nmkdl

mhavihar edaylMdabehIyk*:nsUmpñÜs . KatRtUvBYkPikú¡naM

ykeTAkansIma edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´karsagpñÜs :nTmøaknUvzg

R:kmYyBankhabN;enaH RtgTIkEnøgtamcenøaHRkvileLvç luH

dlBYkPikú¡sYrza ²mYyenHKWCaGVI/³ k*eqøIyTUlza ²bBiRtRBHKuN

m©asd*cMerIn KWkhabN;mYyBan³ RtUvBYkPikú¡R:bza ²Enó:sk

cabedImGMBIkalEdlGñkbYsehIy GñkminGac edIm|Icayvay

va:neT «LÚvenHÉg cUrGñkcayvayvacuH³ dUecñHehIy k*Rbkas

za ²mnusSTaMgLayEdlmkkanTIkEnøgsagpñÜs rbsó:sk

eQμaHvisax;ehIy kMumanédTeT eTAvijeLIy³ dUecñHehIy k*:n

Rsayerayray eT[beragsIma bYsehIy:nóbsm|TaehIy .

190 RBh μviharnieTÞs

visaxPikú¡enaH manvsSaRKb´ 5 ehIy eZVImatika 2 osÞat luH

bvrNaehIy k*er[nnUvkmμdðanCaTIsb|aydlxøÜn eZVIExTaMgLay

bYn kñúgvtþmYy> oCabYn> Ex enAbMeBjvtþRbtibtþi yagesμI .

luHdlRBHezr;eQμaHvisax; kalRbRBwtþy¨agenH fitenA Rtg´cenøaHénéRB EsVgrknUvKuN rbs´xøÜn kalbnøW k*:neBalesckþIenHza ²drabtaMgEt Gat μaGjóbsm|nñehIy drabtaMgEtGat μaGj mkehIykñúgTIenH esckþIPøaMgPøat´ kñúgcenøaH kñúg éRBenH minmaneT mñalGñkniT(uk¡TaMgLay man laPTaMgLayGVIemø¨HeT³ .

RBHezr;enaH kaleTAkan´vtþeQμaHcitþlbB(t :neTAdlpøÚvEbk

Ca 2 ehIy QrKitza ²pøÚvenHßhñ@ ßk*pøÚvenH³ . RKaenaH eTvta

EdlGaRs&yenAelIPñMrbselak k*laédcgÁúlR:bza ²pøÚvnu@H³ .

RBHezr;enaH enAelIcitþlbB(t Gs 4 Ex Kitza ²GatμaGjnwg

eTA kñúgeBleT[bPøW³ ehIyk*siglkeTA . eTvtaEdlGaRs&y

enAelIedImc&nÞn¾eTs elIk|alénTIc®g,m Gg<úyxSwkxSÜlehIyelI

kaMCeNþIr . RBHezr;sYrza ²GñkNan@uH/³ . eTvtaeqøIyza ²bBiRt

RBHKuNm©as x\úMeQμaHmNily;³ . RBHezr;sYrza ²GñkyMedIm|I

GñkN/³ . eTvtaeqøIyza ²eRBaHGaRs&ykarnimnþeTAénRBHKuN

m©as³ . RBHezr;sYrza ²kalGatμaenAkñúgTIenH etImanKuNdUc

emþc dlGñk/³ . eTvtaeqøIyza ²bBiRtRBHKuNm©as kalebIRBH

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192 RBh μviharnieTÞs

GZib|ayza ²ePøIgkþI zñaMBiskþI eRK]gs®sþavuZkþI júaMgkay rbs´

GñkmankiriyaenAedayemtþaenaH okeRmIkmin:neT³ . tYy¨ag

kñúger]génGñkmankiriyaenAedayemtþaenH bNÐitKb|IsMEdgnUver]g

emeKapgk*:n .

:n»mkza emeKamYyk|alkMBugEtQrbgØÚrnUvTénTwkedaH

RssdlkUneKa . RBanmñak Kitza ²GjnwgsmøabemeKaenaH³

tMrgedayédehIy k*BYylMEBgEdlmandgEvgeTA . lMEBgenaH

eTAb¨HnUvsrIr;emeKaenaHehIy k*rbUteTAehIy dUcCasøwketñat .

lMEBgenaH eTAputehIy eRBaHPav;énemeKaenaH CastVmanesckþI

RsLajd*mankMLaMg kñúgkUneKaEtbu¨eNÑaH minEmnedaykMLaMg én

óbcar; minEmnedaykMLaMgénGb|naeTç emtþa manGanuPaBeRcIn

y¨agenHÉg .

bTza ²buK<lenaH tMklcitþenAnwgd*qabrh&s³ esckþIza

citþ rbsbuK<lGñkenAedayemtþa rEmgtaMgenAmaMqabPøamç PaB

yWtyUr éncitþCasmaZienaH minman .

bTza ²mansm|úrmuxRssbs³ esckþIza k*mux rbs´

buK<lGñkenAedayemtþaenaH Camuxmansm|úrd*zøa dUcCaEpøetñatTMu

EdlrelHcakTg .

bTza ²minvegVgeZVImrNkal³esckþIza ZmμtaesckþIsøab

edaykarvegVgvgVn minman dlbuK<lGñkenAedayemtþaeTç buK<l

GñkenAedayemtþa minvegVgvgVneLIy eZVImrNkal dUcCabuK<l

kMBugedklk yagenaHÉg .

visuTÆimK< ERb 191

KuNm©asenAkñúgTIenH BYkmnusS Etg:nnUvemtþadlKñanwgKñaç kñúg

kal«LÚvenH BYkmnusSTaMgenaH kalebIRBHKuNm©as nimnþeTA

ehIy nwgeZVInUvCMelaH nwgeBalnUvBaküEdlGaRkk´³ . RBHezr;

eBalza ²RbsinebI kalGatμa enAkñúgTIenH karenACasuxsb|ay

Etgman dlGñkTaMgLayç nu@HCakarEdllÁ³ ehIyk*enA kñúg

citþlbB(tenaHÉg Gs´ 4 Ex eT[t ehIyjúaMgcitþKitnwgeTA o

ekIteLIg yagdUecñaHÉg mþgeT[t . ÉeTvta k*yMehIy eday

RbkardUecñaHmþgeT[tEdr . RBHezr; enAehIy kñúgcitþlbB(tenaH

dEdl edayó:yenH briniBVanehIy kñúgcitþlbB(tenaHÉg .

Pikú¡GñkmankiriyaenAedayemtþa rEmgCaTIRsLaj énGmnusSTaMg

Lay yagenHÉg .

bTza ²eTvta EtgrkSa³ esckþIza BYkeTvta EtgEzrkSa

dUcCamata nig bitaTaMgLay rkSanUvbuRt yagenaHÉg .

bTza ²ePøIgkþI zñaMBiskþI eRK]gs®sþavuZkþI minbHBaldl´

GñkEdlenAedayemtþaenaH³ esckþIza ePøIgkþI minrlak KWminbH

Bal kñúgkay rbsGñkmankiriyaenAedayemtþa dUcCaePøIg min

rlakdló:sikaeQμaHótþradUecñaHç zñaMBiskþI minrlak KWmincUl

eTA kñúgkay rbsGñkmankiriyaenAedayemtþa dUcCazñaMBis min

cUleTA kñúgkay rbsRBHcULsivetær GñkeBalKm¬IrsMyutþnikay

dUecñaHç eRK]gs®sþavuZkþI minbHBal KWmincUleTA kñúgkay rbs

GñkEdlmankiriyaenAedayemtþaenaH dUcCaeRK]gs®sþavuZ minbH

Bal kñúgkay rbssMkic©sameNr y¨agdUecñaHÉg . manBakü

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visuTÆimK< ERb 193

bTza ²kalebIminTan:nRtasdwgnUvmK<pleT³ esckþI

za buK<lGñkenAedayemtþaenaH kalminGac edIm|IRtas´dwgnUvRBH

Grhtþ d*x¬gx¬s Cagemtþasmabtþi:neT luHcüútcakGtþPaBenH

rEmgcUleTAkan´RBhμelak dUcCalkehIyP\akeLIgyagdUecñaH .

enHCakza y¨agBisþar kñúgemtþaPavna .

‘kruNaRBhμvihar’ ‘188’ cMENkxag RBHeyaKIGñkR:zñaedIm|IcMerInnUvkruNa

Kb|IBicarNanUveTas énkarminmankruNapg nig nUvGanisgS

énkruNapgehIy cabepþImcMerInkruNaRBhμvihar . k*RBHeyaKI

kalcabepþImcMerIn nUvkruNaenaH minRtUvcab´epþIm kñúgbuK<lEdl

maneTasdlPavna manbuK<lEdlCaTIRsLajCaedIm muneT .

eRBaHza esckþIRsLaj EtgfitenAkñúgfan;CaTIRsLajhñwgÉgç

buK<lCasMLajCaTIRsLajéRkeBk EtgfitenAkñúgfan;énbuK<l

CasMLajCaTIRsLajéRkeBkEmnBitç buK<lCakNþal Etgfit

enAkñúgfan;CakNþalhñwgÉgç buK<lminCaTIRsLaj EtgfitenA

kñúgfan;minCaTIRsLajEmnBitç buK<lCasRtUv EtgfitenA kñúg

fan;CasRtUvEmnBit. PaBénbuK<lGñkmanePTxusKña nig buK<l

EdlsøabehIy minEmnCaextþEdn ‘EdlRtUvpSaykruNa’ eT .

bu¨EnþebIRBHeyaKI eXIjnUvbursNamYyhñwgÉg CaGñkEdlKYro

GaNitGasUr manrUbragEbøk dlnUvesckþIlM:kéRkElg CaGñk

TUK(t manrUbGaRkk CamnusSkMRBa kMbutédeCIg dakGMEbgBImux

edkelIsalaKμanTIBwg manhVÚgdg,ÚvkMBugvarecj tamédeCIgTaMg

194 RBh μviharnieTÞs

Lay kMBugeZVIsMeLgzáÚr Kb|IjúaMgkruNa oRbRBwtþeTA muneKTaMg

Gs za ²Ohñ@ stVenH dlehIynUvesckþIlM:k eZVIdUcemþceTAhñ@

stVenH Kb|IrYccakesckþITuk¡enH:n³ dUecñH eRBaHelak:neBal

ehIy kñúgviPg< za ²cuHPikú¡ mancitþRbkbedaykruNa pSayeTA

kan´Tis 1 sRmanþenA etIdUcemþc . buK<l eXIjnUvbuK<lmñak Ca

GñkRkIRk dlnUvesckþIlM:k ehIypSaykruNa yagNamijç

Pikú¡ pSaykruNa cMeBaHBYkstVTaMgBYg k*y¨agenaHÉg ‘1’ ³ . RBHeyaKI kalmin:n nUvbuK<lEdldlehIy nUvesckþI

lM:kenaHeT sUm|IbuK<lEdldlehIynUvesckþIsux EtCaGñkeZVI

nUvGMeBIGaRkk k*Kb|IpSaykruNa:nEdr eRBaHeRb[bpÞwmnwgecar

EdleKnwgsmøab Camun . sYrza ²eRb[bdUcemþc/ ³ . eqøIyza

eRb[bdUcCaBYkraCburs cgnUvecarEdlxøÜncab:nehIy RBmTaMg

RTBü tamRBHGaC\aénesþcza ²GñkTaMgLaycUrsmøabnUvecarenaH³

dUecñHehIy onUvkarRbharTaMgLay nimitþrMBat 4 > naMeTAkan´

TIsMrabsmøabç BYkmnusS onUvxaTnIy;xøH ePaCnIy;xøH kRmg

p,axøH eRK]gRkGUbxøH eRK]glabxøH nig søamøÚxøH dlecarenaHç

ecarenaHkalTMBasuI nig eRbIR:snUvvtæúTaMgenaH hakdUcCadl´

ehIynUvesckþIsux EqÁts,bs,lehIyedayePaK; edIreTA k*Bit

EmnehIy EtebITukCadUecñaH GñkNamYy k*minsm<alesaHnUvecar

enaH za ²Ohñ@ ecarenH dlehIynUvesckþIsux manePaK;eRcIn³

dUecñHeTç edayBiteTA CnEtgGaNit nUvecarenaH za ²ecarenHCa

1- GPiÇ viÇ PaKTI 82 TMB&rTI 315 .

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196 RBh μviharnieTÞs

za ²buK<lenH sUm|IminmanesckþIvinascakjatiCaedImTaMgenaH

k*bu¨Enþ eQμaHzaCaGñkdl´ehIy nUvesckþITuk¡edayBit eRBaHCaGñk

minknøgnUvvdþTuk¡:n³ dUecñHehIy Kb|IeZVIsImsemÖT kñúgCnTaMg

Lay 4 KW kñúgxøÜnÉg 1 kñúgbuK<lCaTIRsLaj 1 kñúgbuK<lCa

kNþal 1 kñúgbuK<lmaneB[r 1 tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIy

enaHÉg ehIyesB cMerIn eZVIoeRcInnUvnimitþenaH Kb|IcMerInGb|na

edayGMNacéntik,CÄan nig ctuk,CÄan tamn&yEdlelakeBal

ehIy kñúgemtþaPavna kMuxan .

EtkñúgGdðkzaénGg<útþrnikay RBHGdðkzacarü eBallMdab

enHza ²buK<lmaneB[r RBHeyaKIKb|IpSaykruNa muneK RtUveZVI

citþoTn´ kñúgbuK<lmaneB[renaHehIy Kb|IpSaykruNa odl´

buK<lTuK(t tmk obuK<lCaTIRsLaj tmk pSayoxøÜnÉg³

dUecñH . lMdabenaH minsmtam:LI za ²TuK<tM TurUebtM³ dUecñH CaedImeT . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IR:rBÆnUvPavna kñúg

kruNakmμdðanenaH tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIyenaHÉg ehIy

eZVInUvsImsemÖT ehIycMerInGb|na . bnÞabGMBIenaHmk RBHeyaKI

Kb|IRCabGb|na eQμaHvikuBVnaenH za ²karpSay edaymincMeBaH

edayGakar;TaMgLay 5 karpSayedaycMeBaH edayGakar;TaMg

Lay 7 karpSayeTAkan´Tis edayGakar;TaMgLay 10³ nig

GanisSTaMgLay manGanisgS za ²edklkRsYl³ dUecñHCaedIm

tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIy kñúgemtþaPavnaenaHÉg .

enHCakzaBisþar kñúgkruNaPavna .

visuTÆimK< ERb 195

mnusSKYroRseNaHGaNit nwgsøab kñúgkal«LÚvenH eRBaHza

ecarenH QannUvCMhanNak*eday rEmgmandlesckþIsøab kñúg

TICitbeg,IyedayCMhanenaH > ³ dUecñH yagNamijç sUm|IbuK<l

GñkdlehIynUvesckþIsux k*Pikú¡GñkRbkbnUvkruNakmμdðan Kb|I

pSaykruNa:n yagenH za ²buK<lenH CaGñkrehmrham kñúg

kal«LÚvenH CaGñkmanesckþIsux catEcglÁehIy eRbIR:snUv

ePaK;TaMgLay k*BitEmnehIy EtebITukCadUecñaHk*eday eK nwg

TTYlTuk¡eTamnsS manRbmaNmintic kñúgG:yTaMgLay kñúg

kal«LÚvenH eRBaHkarminmanklüaNkmμ EdlxøÜn:neZVIehIy

sUm|IedayTVarmYy kñúgcMeNamTVarTaMgbI³ dUecñH k*y¨agdUecñaHEdrç

luHkruNakmμdðanikPikú¡enaH :npSaykruNacMeBaHbuK<lenaH y¨ag

dUecñHehIy bnÞabmk Kb|IjúaMgkruNa oRbRBwtþeTA tamlMdab´

dUecñH KW kñúgbuK<lEdlCaTIRsLaj tmk kñúgbuK<lCakNþal

tmk kñúgbuK<lGñkmaneB[r edayó:yenHÉg . k*RbsinebI

esckþIzñaMgzñak kñúgbuK<lmaneB[r ekIteLIg dlkruNakmμdðanik-

Pik¡úenaH tamn&yEdlelak:neBalehIy kñúgkalmunk*eday

kruNakmμdðanikPikú¡enaH RtUvjúaMgesckþIzñaMgzñakenaH osábrmáab´

tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIy kñúgemtþaPavnahñwgÉg . mYyeT[t

kñúgkarpSaykruNaenH RBHeyaKI eXIjkþI »kþI sUm|InUvbuK<lEdl

eZVIesckþIlÁehIy mkCYbRbTH edayesckþIvinasNamYy bNþa

esckþIvinasTaMgLaymanvinascakjati vinaseRBaHeraK vinas

cakRTBüCaedIm ehIypSaykruNa edayRbkarTaMgBYg yagenH

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visuTÆimK< ERb 197

‘muTitaRBh μvihar’ ‘189’ RBHeyaKI sUm|IkalR:rBÆmuTitaPavna k*minKb|I

R:rBÆ kñúgbuK<lEdlmaneTasdl´PavnaTaMgLay manbuK<lCaTI

RsLajCaedImmuneT . eRBaHza buK<lCaTIRsLaj minEmn

CaehtuCaTItaMg énPaBCacitþTn´ edayRtwmEtPaBCaTIRsLaj´

bu¨eNÑaHeT BMucaM:cniyayzVI dlbuK<lCakNþal nig buK<lman

eB[r . PaBénbuK<lxusePTKña nig buK<leZVImrNkal minEmn

CaextþEdn ‘EdlcMerInmuTita’ dUcKñaEdr . ÉbuK<lCasMLajCaTI

RsLajéRkeBk Kb|ICaehtuCaTItaMg:n . eRBaHza buK<lenaH

EdlRBHGdðkzacarü eBalehIykñúgGdðkza za ²buK<lCasMLaj´

CaGñkelg³ dUecñH CaGñkrIkraysb|ayEmnBit esIcmunehIy

eTIbniyay CaxageRkay eRBaHehtuenaH müageT[t buK<lCa

sMLajCaGñkelgenaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IpSaymuTitamuneK . RBH

eyaKI eXIjkþI »kþI nUvbuK<lCaTIRsLajkþI nUvbuK<lEdldlnUv

esckþIsuxkþI nUvbuK<lsþúksþmÖkþI EdlkMBugEtrIkray Kb|IjúaMg

muTita oekIteLIg za ²Ohñ@ stVenHrIkrayNasetI Ohñ@ lÁEmn

Ohñ@ RbéBBitEmn³ dUecñH . EmnBit RBHZm μesnabtI GaRs&ynUv

GMNacénRbeyaCn¾enHÉg eTIbeBalehIykñúgviPg<za ²cuHPikú¡man

citþRbkbedaymuTita pSayeTAkanTis 1 sRmanþenA etIdUcemþc

KWbuK<leXIjbuK<lmñak CaTIRsLajCaTIeBjcitþ ehIyCaGñkrIk

ray yagNa Pikú¡pSaymuTitacMeBaHstVTaMgBYg k*y¨agenaHEdr .

RbsinebIbuK<lCasMLajCaGñkelg ß buK<lCaTIRsLaj rbs

198 muTitaRBhμvihar

RBHeyaKIenaH CaGñkmanesckþIsux kñúgGtItkal bu¨Enþ«LÚvenH

CaGñkTuK(t CaGñklM:kéRkeBkç RBHeyaKI Kb|IrMlwker]y> nUv

PaBénbuK<lenaHCaGñkdlehIy nUvesckþIsuxEdlknøgeTAehIy

enaHÉg ehIykan´yk nUvGakar;KWkarrIkraycitþ rbsbuK<lenaH

Ég za ²kñúgkalknøgeTAehIy buK<lenHCaGñkmanePaK;eRcIn Ca

GñkmanbrivareRcIn CaGñkmancitþrIkrayCanic©³ dUecñHehIy Kb|I

júaMgmuTita oekIteLIg . müageT[t RBHeyaKIKb|Ikan´yk nUv

Gakar;KWkarrIkraycitþ rbsbuK<lenaH EdlCaGnaKtehIy júaMg

muTita oekIteLIg za ²kñúgGnaKt buK<lenH :nnUvsm|tþienaH

mþgeT[t nwgRtaceTA edayyanviessTaMgLay manelI-k dMrI

elIxñgesH nig elIGRgwgCavikarénmasCaedIm³ dUecñH . luHRBH

eyaKIenaH júaMgmuTitacitþoekIteLIg kñúgbuK<lCaTIRsLaj yag

enHehIy bnÞabmk RtUvjúaMgmuTitaoRbRBwtþeTA tamlMdab yag

enH KWkñúgbuK<lCakNþal tmk kñúgbuK<lmaneB[r . EtRbsinebI

bdiX; kñúgbuK<lmaneB[r ekIteLIg dlRBHeyaKIenaH tamn&y

EdlelakeBalehIy kñúgkalmunenaHÉgç RBHeyaKI Kb|IjúaMg

bdiX;enaHosábrmáab tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIy kñúgemtþa

PavnaenaHÉg ehIyeZVInUvsImsemÖT edayPaBCaGñkmancitþes μI

kñúgCnTaMgLay 4 KW kñúgbuK<lTaMgbIenHpg nig kñúgxøÜnÉgpg

ehIyesB cMerIn eZVIoeRcIn nUvnimitþenaH Kb|IcMerInGb|na eday

GMNacéntik,CÄan ‘kñúgctuk,n&y’ nig ctuk,CÄan ‘kñúgbJ©k,n&y’

tamn&yEdleBalehIy kñúgemtþaPavnaenaHÉg . bnÞabGMBIenaH

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200 óebk¡aRBhμvihar

CaTIKabcitþk*minEmn minCaTIKabcitþk*minEmn Kb|ICaGñkRBegIy

kenþIy yagNa Pikú¡pSayóebk¡a cMeBaHBYkstVTaMgBYg k*y¨ag

enaHEdr³ . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI luHjúaMgóebk¡aoekIteLIg

kñúgbuK<lCakNþal tamn&yEdlelak:neBalehIy bnÞabmk

Kb|IjúaMgóebk¡aoekIteLIgkñúgbuK<lCaTIRsLaj bnÞabmk kñúg

buK<lCasMLajCaGñkelg bnÞabmk kñúgbuK<lmaneB[r yagenH

ehIy Kb|IeZVInUvsImsemÖT edayGMNacén‘kareZVIcitþ’CakNþal

kñúgbuK<lTaMgBYg KW kñúgbuK<lTaMgLaybIenH EdleBalmkehIy

pg kñúgxøÜnÉgpg ehIyKb|IesB cMerIn eZVIoeRcIn nUvnimitþenaH .

kalRBHeyaKIenaH eZVIy¨agenH ctutæCÄan rEmgekIteLIg tamn&y

EdlelakeBalehIy kñúgbfvIksiNenaHÉg .

sYrza ²cuHctutæCÄanenH rEmgekIteLIg dlRBHeyaKavcr

Edl:nnUvttiyCÄan EdlekIteLIgehIy kñúgkmμdðanTaMgLay

manbfvIksiNCaedImpgß / ³ . eqøIyza ²minekIteLIgeT³ .

sYrza ²eRBaHehtuGVI/³ . eqøIyza ²eRBaHPav;énctutæCÄanCaQan

manGarmμN¾xusKña³ . k*bu¨EnþctutæCÄanenH rEmgekIteLIg dl

RBHeyaKIEdl:nnUvttiyCÄan EdlekIteLIgkñúgRBhμviharPavna

manemtþaCaedImbu¨eNÑaH eRBaHPav;énctutæCÄanenaH CaQanman

GarmμN¾esμIKña³ .

bnÞabGMBIenaH bNÐitKb|IRCabGb|na eQñaHzavikuBVna nig

kar:nGanisgS tamn&yEdleBalehIykñúgemtþaPavnaenaHÉg.

enHCakzaBisþar kñúgóebk¡aPavna .

visuTÆimK< ERb 199

RBHeyaKI Kb|IRCabGb|na eQμaHvikuBVnaenH za ²karpSay eday

mincMeBaH edayGakar;TaMgLay 5 karpSayedaycMeBaH eday

Gakar;TaMgLay 7 karpSayeTAkanTis edayGakar;TaMgLay

10 ³ nig GanisSTaMgLay manGanisgS za ²edklkRsYl³

dUecñHCaedIm tamn&yEdleBalehIy kñúgemtþaPavnaenaHÉg .

enHCakzaBisþar kñúgmuTitaPavna .

‘óebk¡aRBh μvihar’ ‘190’ cMENkxagRBHeyaKI GñkmanR:zñaedIm|IR:rBÆ nUv

óebk¡aPavna CaGñk:nQanTI 3 nig TI 4 kñúgPavnaTaMgLay

manemtþaPavnaCaedIm ecjcakttiyCÄanEdlsÞatehIy eXIj

nUveTas kñúgPavnaTaMgLayxagedIm eRBaHPav;énPavnaenaHRbkb

edaykareZVITukkñúgcitþ EdlRbRBwtþeTA edayesckþIRsLaj kñúg

stV edayGMNacénkarpSayza ²sUmstVTaMgBYg:ndlesckþI

suxcuH³ dUecñHCaedImpg eRBaHCaPavnaEdlRtaceTACitesckþIzñaMg

zñak nig esckþIeRtkGrpg eRBaHCaPavnaEdleRKatRKat eRBaH

RbkbedayesamnsSpg nig ‘eXIj’ nUvGanisgS kñúgóebk¡a

edayPaBCaZm(d*lÁitpgç buK<lNataMgenACakNþal tamRbRktI

énbuK<lenaHç Kb|IRBegIycMeBaHbuK<lenaH ehIyjúaMgóebk¡a o

ekIteLIg tGMBIenaHmk Kb|IjúaMgóebk¡aoekIteLIg kñúgbuK<lTaMg

LaydéTeT[t manbuK<lCaTIRsLajCaedIm . smdUcCaelak

eBalehIy za ²cuHPikú¡mancitþRbkbedayóebk¡a pSayeTAkan´

TismYy sRmanþenA etIdUcemþc / . KWbuK<leXIj nUvbuK<lmñak

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202 RBh μviharnieTÞs

eQμaHza muTitaç mYyeT[t KuNCatienaH rIkray cMeBaHxøÜnÉg

eRBaHehtuenaH KuNCatienaH eQμaHza muTitaç müagvijeT[t Bakü

za ²muTita³ enaH KWRKan´EtCakiriyarIkraybu¨eNÑaH eRBaHehtuenaH

KuNCatienaH eTIbeQμaHza muTita .

KuNCatiNa EtgRBegIykenþIy edaykiriyalHbg nUv

esckþIxVlxVayCaedIm za ²stVTaMgLay cUrkMuomaneB[rnwgKña³

dUecñH nig edaykiriyacUleTAdl nUvPaBRBegIykenþIy eRBaH

ehtuenaH KuNCatienaH eTIbeQμaHza óebk¡a .

‘vinicä&yedaylk¡N;CaedIm’

bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþIvinicä&y edayRbkardéTmanlk¡N;

CaedIm kñúgRBhμviharTaMg 4 enaH ‘dUcteTAenH’ .

emtþa mankiriyaRbRBwtiþeTA edayGakar;CaRbeyaCn¾ ‘dl´

stVTaMgLay’ Calk¡N;ç mankiriyarYbrYmmknUvRbeyaCn¾Cakic©ç

mankarkMcatbgnUvKMnMuCaplç mankiriyabgØaj nUvPaBénstVTaMg

LayCaTIKabcitþCaehtuCitç kiriyacUleTArmáabBüa:T Casm|tþi

énemtþaenaHç kiriyaekItRBménesckþIesñha Cavibtþi énemtþaenaH .

kruNa mankiriyaRbRBwtþieTAedayGakar;CaeRK]gkMcatbg´

nUvesckþITuk¡ ‘rbsstVTaMgLay’ Calk¡N;ç mankiriyaGtRTaM

min:nnUvesckþITuk¡ rbsstVdéT Cakic©ç mankiriyamineb[teb[n

Caplç mankiriyasMEdgnUvPaBminmanTIBwg énstVTaMgLayEdl

manesckþITuk¡RKbsg,tehIy CaehtuCitç kiriyarmáabnUvkareb[t

eb[n Casm|tþiénkruNaenaHç karekItRBm énesckþIesak Cavibtþi

visuTÆimK< ERb 201

bkiNÑkkza

‘191’ bNÐit RCabnUvRBhμviharTaMgLayenH EdlRBHRBh μútþmacarü RTg´sMEdgehIy y¨agenH Kb|IRCabbkiNÑkkzaenH kñúgRBhμviharTaMgLay nu@H edayéRkElgEzmeT[t .

‘vinicä&yedayesckþI’

k*bNÐitKb|IRCab edayesckþI kñúgemtþa kruNa muTita

nig óebk¡aTaMgLayenH Camunsin .

ZmμCatiNa RsLaj eRBaHehtuenaH Zm μCatienaH eQμaH

za emtþaç GZib|ayza sñiTÆsñM . mYyeT[t karCitditn@uH man

kñúgmitþ ß ßza RbRBwtþeTAcMeBaHmitþ eRBaHehtuenaH karCitditn@uH

eQμaHza emtþa .

KuNCatiNa kalebIesckþITuk¡rbsCndéTman eZVInUvkar

QWqÁal dlsb|úrsTaMgLay KuNCatienaH eQμaHzakruNa .

mYyeT[t KuNCatiNa epÞr KWza eb[teb[n nUvesckþITuk¡rbsCn

déT esckþIza júaMgesckþITuk¡rbs´CndéTovinaseTA eRBaHehtu

enaH KuNCatienaH eQμaHzakruNa . müagvijeT[t KuNCatiNa

EdlsaZuCnTaMgLayEtgeZVI KWza latecj edayGMNacénkar

pSayeTA kñúgCnTaMgLayEdldlehIynUvesckþITuk¡ eRBaHehtu

enaH KuNCatienaH eTIbeQμaHza kruNa .

saZuCnTaMgLay EtgrIkray cMeBaHCnGñkRBmeRB[gKña

edaysm|tþienaH edayKuNCatienaH eRBaHehtuenaH KuNCatienaH

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visuTÆimK< ERb 203

énkruNaenaH .

muTita mankiriyarIkrayTUeTA Calk¡N;ç mankiriyamin

b\sSaCakic©ç mankiriyakMcatbgnUvGrti Caplç mankiriyabgØaj

nUvsm|tþiénstVTaMgLayCaehtuç kiriyacUleTArmáabnUvGrti Ca

sm|tþiénmuTitaenaHç karekItRBm énsMeNIcCavibtþiénmuTitaenaH .

óebk¡a mankiriyaRbRBwtþieTAedayGakar;CakNþalkñúgstV

TaMgLayCalk¡N;ç mankiriyasMEdgnUvPaBesμIKña kñúgstVTaMg

LayCakic©ç mankarcUleTArmáabnUvesckþIsÁbnigesckþIRsLaj´

Caplç mankarsMEdgnUvPaBénstVCaGñkmankm μCarbs´xøÜn Edl

RbRBwtþeTAehIyyagenHza ²stVTaMgLaymankmμCarbs´xøÜn stV

TaMgLayenaH nwgCaGñkdlehIynUvesckþIsuxkþI nwgrYccakTuk¡kþI

nwgminvinas caksm|tþiEdlxøÜn:nehIykþI edayesckþIKabcitþ

énkm μ³ dUecñH Caehtuç karcUleTArmáabnUvesckþIsÁb nig esckþI

RsLaj Casm|tþiénóebk¡aenaHç karekItRBménkarRBegIykenþIy

EdlKμanjaNEdlGaRs&ynUvpÞHKWtNØa Cavibtþi énóebk¡aenaH .

‘RbeyaCn¾énRBhμvihar’ k*ÉesckþIsux EdlekItGMBIvibsSnakþI kardlRBm eday

PBkþI CaRbeyaCn¾TUeTA énRBhμviharTaMgLay 4 enaHÉg . kar

pþacpþilnUvsRtUvmanBüa:TCaedIm CaRbeyaCn¾edayELk . Bit

Emn bNþaRBhμviharTaMgenaH emtþa mankarpþacpþilnUvBüa:TCa

RbeyaCn¾ç RBhμviharTaMgLayeRkAenHmankarpþacpþilnUvkareb[t

eb[n karmineRtkGr nig raK;CaRbeyaCn¾ . smdUcRBHsarIbuRt

204 RBh μviharnieTÞs

eBalehIy za ²mñalGavuesaTaMgLay eRBaHemtþaecetavimutþin@uH

CaeRK]grlasecjnUvBüa:Tç mñalGavuesaTaMgLay eRBaH

kruNaecetavimutþin@uH CaeRK]grlasecjnUvkareb[teb[nç mñal

GavuesaTaMgLay eRBaHmuTitaecetavimutþin@uH CaeRK]grlasecj

nUvGrti ‘KWesckþImineRtkGr’ç mñalGavuesaTaMgLay eRBaH

óebk¡aecetavimutþin@uH CaeRK]grlasecjnUvraK; ‘1’ ³ dUecñH . ‘sRtUvCitnigqáayrbs´RBhμvihar’

k*kñúgRBhμviharTaMgenaH sMrabRBhμviharmYYy> mansRtUv

BIr > edayGMNacénsRtUvCit nig qáay . GZib|ayza raK; Ca

sRtUvCit rbsemtþaRBhμvihar eRBaHPav;énemtþa nig raK; man

cMENkesμIKña kñúgkiriyabgØajnUvKuN dUcCasRtUvrbs´bursRtac´

eTAkñúgTICit raK;enaHEtg:nnUveTasCaeRK]gqøgcuH yagRsYl .

eRBaHehtuenaH emtþa RBHeyaKavcrRtUvrkSao:nlÁ GMBIraK;enaH

Büa:T CasRtUvkñúgTIqáay ‘rbsemtþa’ eRBaHPav;énemtþa nig

Büa:TmancMENkesμIKña nigminesμIKña dUcCasRtUvrbs´bursEdl

GaRs&ynUvjats|aténéRBmanPñMCaedIm eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI

minRtUvP&yxøacGMBIBüa:TenaHeT RtUvcMerInemtþacuH . tamZmμta

buK<lnwgcMerInemtþapg nwgeZVInUvesckþIeRkaZxwgpg eRBaHehtu

dUecñaH ehtuenH minEmnCaehtuCaTItaMgeT .

eTamnsS EdlGaRs&ynUvpÞHKWkamKuN mkehIy eday

n&ymann&y za ²buK<l kalmin:n kaleXIjc|as nUvkarmin

1- suÇ TIÇ :dÇ PaKTI 19 TMB&rTI 203 .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 205

:nnUvrUbEdlKb|IdwgedayEPñk CaTIR:zña CaTIeRtkGr CaTIKab´

citþ CateRmkéncitþ RbkbedayelakamiskþI kalrlwkeXIjnUv

rUbEdlxøÜnminZøab:nkñúgkalmunkþI EdlknøgeTAehIy Edlrlt

ehIy EdlERbRbYlkþI ehIyk*ekIteTamnsSeLIgç eTamnsSNa

mansPaBdUecñH eTamnsSenaH tzaKtehAza eKhsiteTamnsS

‘ eTamnsS EdlGaRs&ynUvpÞH KWkamKuN ’ ³ dUecñHCaedIm Ca

sRtUvkñúgTICit rbskruNaRBhμvihar eRBaHkruNanigeKhsit-

eTamnsSmancMENkesμIKñakñúgkiriyabgØajnUvvibtþiç kareb[teb[n

CasRtUvkñúgTIqáay ‘rbskruNa’ eRBaHPav;énvihwsamancMENk

esμIKña nig minesμIKña eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKIminRtUvekatjejIt

GMBIkareb[teb[nenaHeT Kb|IcMerInkruNacuH . tamZmμta buK<l

nwgeZVInUvkruNakþI nwgeb[teb[n ‘nUvstV’ edayeRK]gRbharTaMg

Layman:tédCaedIm eRBaHehtudUecñaH ehtun@uH minEmnCaehtuCa

TItaMgeT .

esamnsS EdlGaRs&ynUvpÞHKWkamKuN mkehIyeday

n&ymann&yCaedIm za ²buK<lkalmin:n kaleXIjc|as nUv

karmin:nnUvrUbEdlKb|IdwgedayEPñk CaTIR:zña CaTIeRtkGr Ca

TIKabcitþ CateRmkéncitþ RbkbedayelakamiskþI kalrlwk

eXIjnUvrUbEdlxøÜnminZøab:n kñúgkalmunkþI EdlknøgeTAehIy

EdlrltehIy EdlERbRbYlkþI ehIyk*ekItesamnsSeLIgç

esamnsSNa mansPaBdUecñH esamnsSenaH tzaKtehAza

eKhsitesamnsS³ dUecñH CasRtUvkñúgTICitrbs´muTitaRBhμvihar

206 RBh μviharnieTÞs

eRBaHPav;énmuTita nig eKhsitesamnsS mancMENkesμIKña kñúg

karbgØajnUvsm|tþi cMENkesckþImineRtkGr‘Grti’CasRtUvqáay

‘rbsmuTita’ eRBaHPav;énGrti mancMENkesμIKña nig minesμIKña

eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKIminRtUvekatjejIt GMBIGrtienaHeT Kb|I

cMerInmuTitacuH . tamZmμta RBHeyaKI nwgCaGñkrIkrayTUeTApg

nwgGpSúk kñúgesnasn;d*sáat ß kñúgsmz; nig vibsSnapg

eRBaHehtudUecñaH ehtun@uH minEmnCaehtuCaTItaMgeT .

cMENkxag eKhsitGJ¦aNóebk¡a ‘óebk¡aminmanjaN

EdlGaRs&ynUvpÞHKWkamKuN’ EdlmkehIy edayn&ymann&y

za ²eRBaHeXIjnUvrUb edayckú¡ óebk¡a ‘PaBRBegIykenþIy’ rEmg

ekIteLIg dlbuzuC¢n GñklágexøA vegVgvgVn GñkmankielsRkas´

GñkminQñHnUvEdnKWelaP; GñkminQñHnUvvi:k GñkmineXIjeTas

Gñkmin:nsþabç óebk¡a Na mansPaBEbbenH óebk¡aenaH min

RbRBwtþknøgnUvrUb eRBaHehtuenaH óebk¡aenaH tzaKtRtasehAza

eKhsita ‘GaRs&ynUvpÞHKWkamKuN’³ dUecñHCaedIm CasRtUvd*Cit

rbs´óebk¡aRBhμvihar eRBaHPav;énóebk¡aRBhμvihar nig eKh-

sitGJ¦aNóebk¡a mancMENkesμIKña edayGMNacénkiriyamin

BicarNanUveTas nig KuNç esckþIzñaMgzñakedayraK; CasRtUv

qáay ‘rbsóebk¡a’ eRBaHraKb|diX;enaH mancMENkesμIKña nig

minesμIKña eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKIminRtUvekatjejIteLIy GMBI

raKb|diX;enaH Kb|IcMerInóebk¡acuH . tamZmμta RBHeyaKI nwg

RBegIykenþIypg nwgrIkraypg nwgbHTg<icpg eRBaHehtudUecñaH

ពទ�ធកស

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រារាម

208 RBh μviharnieTÞs

eyaKIKb|IcMerIn dUcKñaenaHEdr . enHCalMdabénkarcMerInGarmμN¾

kñúgRBhμviharPavnaenaH .

‘óebk¡aRBh μviharCaplénRBhμviharbIxagedIm’ mYyeT[t GarUbsmabtþiTaMgLay CaTIhUrecj énksiN

TaMgLayç envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn; CaTIhUrecj énsmaZiTaMg

Layç plsmabtiþ CaTIhUrecjénvibsSnaç nieraZsmabtþi CaTI

hUrecj énsmz; nig vibsSna yagNamijç óebk¡aRBhμvihar

kñúgRBhμviharPavnaenH CaTIhUrecjénRBhμviharbIxagedIm k*y¨ag

dUecñaHEdr . eRBaHdUcCa CagminTan´:ndaMnUvssrTaMgLay min

Tan´:nelIknUvZñwm nig epÞagehIy k*minGacedIm|IdaknUvemdMbUl

nig bg,g BÆd*Gakas:neLIy yagNamijç ev[rcakttiyCÄan

kñúgRBhμviharbIxagedImecjehIy RBHeyaKI k*minGacedIm|IcMerIn

ctutæCÄan:n k*y¨agenaHEdr .

‘ehtuGVI:nCaehAzaRBhμvihar’ ‘esckþIRtiHriH rbsGacarüBYkxøH’ Kb|ImankñúgGZikarenHza

²k*eRBaHehtuGVI :nCaRBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtas´ehA emtþa kruNa

muTita óebk¡aenaH za RBh μvihar /ç eRBaHehtuGVI:nCaRTgRtas´

KuNCati manemtþaCaedImenaH za manbYn /ç cuHGVICalMdab én

RBhμviharTaMgLayn@uH/ç cMENkkñúgRBHGPiZmμ eRBaHehtuGVI:n

CaRTgRtasRBhμviharTaMg4 enaH za Gb|mJ¦a dUecñHeTAvij/ ³ .

x\úMnwgeBaledaHRsay ‘dUcteTAenH’ .

dMbUg bNÐitKb|IRCabPaBénRBhμvihar kñúgKuNCatiman

visuTÆimK< ERb 207

ehtun@uH minEmnCaehtuCaTItaMgeT ‘1’ . ‘xagedImçççnig karcMerInGarm μN¾énRBh μvihar’

‘192’ k*RBhμviharTaMgGsn@uH manktþúkamtaqnÞ; ‘esckþI

eBjcitþkñúgPaBGñkcgedIm|IeZVI’ CaxagedIm mankiriyasg,tsg,in

nUvnIvrN;CaedIm CakNþal manGb|na CaTIbMput edayGMNac

énbJ¦tiþZm( rabza manstVmYy CaGarm μN¾ ß manstVd*eRcIn Ca

GarmμN¾ . kalebIdlóbcar; nig Gb|naehIy karcMerIn eday

GamμN¾ eTIbekIt:n .

kúñgkarcMerInedayGarmμN¾enaH enHKWCalMdab énkarcMerIn

GarmμN¾‘dUcteTA’ . dUcCaGñkP¢ÜrEdlqøatkMNtnUvTIEdlxøÜnKb|I

P¢ÜrehIyeTIbP¢Ür y¨agNaç RBHeyaKIKb|IkMNt nUvGavasmYy Ca

dMbUgbgÁs ehIyKb|IcMerInemtþa kñúgstVTaMgLaykñúgGavasenaH

edayn&ymann&yza ²stVTaMgLaykñúgGavasenHcUrkMuomaneB[r³

dUecñHCaedIm . RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVIcitþoTn´ oKYrdlPavnakmμ kñúg

GavasenaHehIy kMNtGavasBIr . bnÞabGMBIGavasenaH RBH

eyaKIKb|IkMNtGavasBIr bI bYn R:M R:MmYy R:MBIr R:MbI

R:MbYn db zñlmYy BakkNþalRsuk RsukmYy CnbTmYy

GaNacRkmYy TismYy edaylMdab edayn&yenHehIy Kb|I

kMNtrhUtdlcRkvaLmYy . mYyeT[t RBHeyaKIKb|IcMerInemtþa

cMeBaHstVTaMgLay kñúgTITaMgLayenaH> edayéRkElg GMBI

cRkvaLenaHk*:n . RBh μviharTaMgLay mankruNaCaedIm k*RBH

1- suÇ mÇ óÇ PaKTI 28 TMB&rTI 306 .

ពទ�ធកស

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េមរ

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រារាម

210 RBh μviharnieTÞs

eRcInedayesckþIeb[teb[nç muTita CapøÚvd*brisuTÆénbuK<lGñkeRcIn

edayesckþImineRtkGrç óebk¡a CapøÚvd*brisuTÆ énbuK<lGñkeRcIn

edayteRmk eRBaHehtuNaç mYyeT[t kareZVITukkñúgcitþ cMeBaH

stVTaMgLay k*man 4 RbkarhñwgÉg edayGMNacénkarRbmUl

mknUvRbeyaCn¾ karkMcatecalnUvGMeBIEdlminCaRbeyaCn¾ kar

eRtkGrnUvsm|tþi nig karmin:ctaMgcitþxVlxVay eRBaHehtuNaç

BMuenaHesateT eRb[bdUcCamata CaGñkmanesckþIR:zña nUvkarcMrug

cMerIn dlkUntUc kñúgcMeNamkUnTaMg 4 BYk KW kUntUc kUnEdl

QW kUnEdleBjkMeLaH nig kUnEdlxVlxVay kñúgkic©karrbs´

xøÜn CaGñkmanesckþIR:zñaedIm|IkMcatbgnUvCmáW dlkUnEdlQW

CaGñkmanesckþIR:zña edIm|IkartaMgenAGskald*yUr énkardl´

RBmedayv&y dlkUnEdleBjkMeLaHehIy CaGñkGs´esckþI

xVlxVay kñúgehtuÉNanImYy dlkUnEdlxVlxVay kñúgkic©kar

rbs´xøÜn yagNamijç RBHeyaKI k*Kb|ICaGñkenA edayGb|-

mJ¦aZm( edayGMNacénkarcMerInRBhμvihar 4 manemtþaCaedIm

cMeBaHsBVstVTaMgLay k*y¨agenaHEdr eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaH

ehtuenaH Gb|mJ¦a eTIbman 4 edayGMNacénkic© manpøÚvd*

brisuTÆCaedIm CagRBhμvihar 4 enH .

k*ÉRBHeyaKIGñkmanesckþIR:zñaedIm|IcMerInGb|mJ¦aTaMg 4

enHÉg Kb|IRbtibtþi cMeBaHstVTaMgLay edayGMNacénkiriya

RbRBwtiþeTA edayGakar;CaRbeyaCn¾ Camunsinç PavnaEdlman

karRbRBwtþieTAedayGakar;CaRbeyaCn¾Calk¡N;hñwgÉg Caemtþaç

visuTÆimK< ERb 209

emtþaCaedImn@uH edayesckþIzaCaZm(d*RbesIr nig eRBaHPav;CaZ(m

minmaneTas . EmnBit RBhμviharZm(TaMgLayn@uH eQμaHzaCaZ(m

CaeRK]genAd*RbesIrbMput eRBaHPav;énesckþIRbtibtþid*RbéB cMeBaH

stVTaMgLayç mYyeT[t RBhμviharTaMgLay minmancitþCaeTas

enA yagNaç RBHeyaKITaMgLay GñkRbkbRBmedayRBhμvihar

TaMgLayn@uH CaGñkenAesμI edayRBh μ EmnBit k*yagenaHEdr

eRBaHehtuenaH Zm(TaMgLay manemtþaCaedImenaH eTIbRBHd*man

RBHPaK RTgRtas´za RBhμvihar edayesckþIza CaZm(d*RbesIr

bMputpg eRBaHPav;CaZm( minmaneTaspg .

cMENkBaküenH CaesckþIedaHRsay nUvbJØaEdlza ²k*

eRBaHehtuGVI eTIbRtasza man 4 ³ dUecñHCaedIm .

GZib|ayza kñúgPavnaTaMg 4 n@uH emtþa CapøÚvd*brisuTÆ én

buK<lGñkeRcIn edayBüa:Tç kruNa CapøÚvd*brisuTÆ énbuK<lGñk

‘193’ bNÐitKb|IRCabKuNCati 4 manemtþa Ca edIm edayGMNacénGakar;manpøÚvd*brisuTÆCaedIm Etza Kb|IRCablMdab´ énKuNCatimanemtþaCaedIm enaH edayGMNacénGakar; mankarKitRbeyaCn¾ CaedImç mYyeT[t KuNCatiTaMgLay manemtþa CaedImenaH rEmgRbRBwtþeTA kñúgGarmμN¾ man RbmaNmin:n eRBaHehtuNa eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za Gb|mJ¦a .

ពទ�ធកស

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រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 211

bnÞabGMBIenaHeTA RBHeyaKI:neXIjkþI :nsþabkþI :nsresIrkþI

‘:nRtiHriHkþI’ nUvPav;énstVTaMgLay EdlR:zñaRbeyaCn¾ yag

enHehIy RtUvesckþITuk¡RKbsg,t Kb|IRbtibtþi edayGMNac én

kiriyaRbRBwtþieTA edayGakar;énkarkMcatbg nUvesckþITuk¡ç Pavna

EdlmankarRbRBwtiþeTA edIm|IkarkMcatbg nUvesckþITuk¡Calk¡N;

hñwgÉg CakruNaç bnÞabmk RBHeyaKI :neXIjnUvsm|tþiénstV

TaMgLayenaHEdlCaGñkR:zñanUvRbeyaCn¾ nig CaGñkR:zñanUvkar

R:scakesckþITuk¡ yagenHehIy Kb|IRbtibtþi edayGMNacén

karrIkraykñúgsm|tþi ‘rbsstVTaMgenaH’ç Pavna ‘karcMerIn’ Edl

mankarrIkrayTUeTACalk¡N;hñwgÉg CamuTitaç cMENkbnÞabGMBI

muTitaenaHmk RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IRbtibtþi edayGakar;CakNþal

eBalKWPaBénxøÜnCaGñkmancitþRBegIykenþIyeRBaHminmankic©Edl

xøÜnKb|IeZVIç PavnaEdlmankarRbRBwtþieTA edayGakar;CakNþal

Calk¡N;hñwgÉg Caóebk¡aç eRBaHehtuenaH bNÐitKb|IRCab

lMdabenH énGb|mJ¦aTaMgLayn@uH yagenH za ²RBHmanRBHPaK

RTgRtas´emtþa Camun bnÞabmk RTgRtas´kruNa muTita óebk¡a³

edayGMNacénGakar;manRbeyaCn¾CaedIm GMBI Gb|mJ¦a enH .

k*eRBaHza Gb|mJ¦aTaMgLayTaMgGsenH rEmgRbRBwtþeTA

kñúgGarm μN¾ manRbmaNmin:nç EmnBit stVTaMgLay man

RbmaNmin:n CaGarm μN¾ énGb|mJ¦aTaMgn@uHç PavnaTaMgenaH

RbRBwtþeTA edayGMNacénkarpSayeTATaMgmUlEtmþg minRbkan´

yknUvRbmaN yagenH za ²k*RBHeyaKIKb|IcMerInGb|mJ¦a man

212 RBh μviharnieTÞs

emtþaCaedIm kñúgTIEdlmanRbmaNbu¨eNÑH sUm|IdlstV 1³ yag

dUecñHÉg . eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBalehIy za ;

bNÐit Kb|IRCabKuNCati 4 manemtþaCaedIm edayGMNacénGakar;manpøÚvd*brisuTÆCaedIm Etza Kb|IRCablMdab´ énKuNCati manemtþaCaedImenaH edayGMNacénGakar; mankarKitRbeyaCn¾ Ca edImç mYyeT[t KuNCatiTaMgLay manemtþa Ca edImenaH rEmgRbRBwtþeTA kñúgGarm μN¾manRbmaN min:n eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbRBH manRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za Gb|mJ¦a .

‘RBhμviharbIxagedImsMerc:nRtwmEtttiyCÄan’ ‘194’ Gb|mJ¦a 3 xagedIm kñúgcMeNamGb|mJ¦aTaMg4

enaH Edlmanlk¡N;EtmYy eRBaHPav;énGb|mJ¦aTaMgenaH man

RbmaNmin:n yagenH eTIbCaGb|mJ¦aRbRBwtþeTA kñúgQan 3

kñúgctuk,n&y nigRbRBwtþeTAkñúgQan4 kñúgbJ©k,n&y bu¨eNÑaHÉg .

eRBaHehtuGVI/ . eRBaHmin:nR:scakesamnsS . k*karR:s

cakesamnsSmin:nEtgmandlGb|mJ¦aTaMgn@uH eRBaHehtuGVI .

eRBaHGb|mJ¦aTaMgenaH CaeRK]grlasecj nUvGkuslZm(TaMg

Lay manBüa:TCaedIm EdlekIkGMBIeTamnsS . cMENkxag

Gb|mJ¦axagcug CaGvessÉkCÄanik; ‘RbRBwtþeTA kñúgQanEt

mYy Edlesssl KWctutæCÄan kñúgctuk,n&y ß bJ©k,CÄan kñúg

ពទ�ធកស

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រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 213

bJ©k,n&y’ . eRBaHehtuGVI/ . eRBaHRbkbedayóebk¡aevTna .

EmnBit óebk¡aRBhμvihar EdlRbRBwtþeTA kñúgGakar;CakNþal

kñúgstVTaMgLay ev[rcakóebk¡aevTna RbRBwtþeTAmin:neLIy .

cMENkbuK<lNa Kb|IeBalyagenHza; eRBaHRBHmanRBH

PaKRTgRtas edayminEbøkKña kñúgGb|mJ¦aTaMg 4 kñúgGdðkni:t

za ²mñalPikú¡ kñúgkalenaH GñkKYrcMerInnUvsmaZienH EdlRbkb

edayvitk,; nig vicar;pg KYrcMerInnUvsmaZi Edlminmanvitk,;pg

manEtvicar;bu¨eNÑaH KYrcMerInnUvsmaZi Edlminmanvitk,; minman

vicar;pg KYrcMerInnUvsmaZi EdlRbkbedaybItipg KYrcMerIn

nUvsmaZi EdlminmanbItipg KYrcMerInnUvsmaZi EdlRbkbeday

esckþIsb|aypg KYrcMerInnUvsmaZi EdlRbkbedayóebk¡a ‘1’ pg³ dUecñH eRBaHehtuenaH Gb|mJ¦aTaMg 4 enaHÉg CaGb|mJ¦a

RbRBwtþeTAkñúgctuk,CÄan kñúgctuk,n&y ß RbRBwtþeTA kñúgbJ©k,CÄan

kñúgbJ©k,n&y .

buK<lenaHCabuK<lKWeKKb|IeBalza ²GñkkMuKb|IeBalBakü

y¨agenH dlbuK<lenaHeLIy eRBaHza kalebIy¨agdUecñH sUm|I

vibsSnaTaMgLay mankayanubsSnaCaedIm k*Kb|ICavibsSna

EdlRbkbedayctuk,CÄan nig bJ©k,CÄanç k*sUm|IkñúgvibsSna

TaMgLay manevTnanubsSnaCaedIm sUm|IbfmCÄan k*minmanEdrç

mincaM:ceBalzVIdl´QanTaMgLay manTutiyCÄanCaedImç eRBaH

ehtuenaH GñkkMu:nRbkan´ nUvRtwmEtRsemalénBüJ¢n; ehIy

1- suÇ GMÇ GÇ PaKTI 48 TMB&rTI 277 .

214 RBh μviharnieTÞs

mYlbg,acnUvRBHmanRBHPaKeLIyç eRBaHza RBHBuTÆvcn; CaZm(d*

RCaleRCA GñkKb|IcUleTAGg<úyCitGacarüTaMgLayehIy Kb|I

er[nnUvRBHBuTÆvcn;enaH edayesckþIGZib|ay . k*enHCaesckþI

GZib|ay kñúgRBHBuTÆvcn;enaH . :n»mkza RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´

Rtas´tiHed[lPikú¡enaHEdlGaraZna oRBHGg<sMEdgRBHZm(eTsna

za ²saZuRbéBehIy bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn x\úMRBHGg<:nsþabnUv

Zm(ÉNarbsRBHd*manRBHPaKehIy CabuK<lmñakÉg ec[secj

eTA minRbmaT manBüayamdutkMedAkiels mancitþbJ¢ÚneTAkan´

RBHniBVan sUmRBHd*manRBHPaKsMEdgnUvZm(enaH oTandlx\úMRBH

Gg< edayseg¡b ‘1’ ³ dUecñH za ²y¨agenHÉg emaXbursBYkxøH

kñúgelakenH RKan´EtGaraZnatzaKtEtbu¨eNÑaH kalebIZm(Edl

tzaKtsMEdgehIy k*RKan´EtsMKaltzaKtzaCabuK<lKYrRbRBwtþ

tambu¨eNÑaH³ dUecñH eRBaHehtuEdlPikú¡enaHsþabnUvZm(rbs´tzaKt

sUm|IkñúgkalmunehIy k*enAEtenAkñúgTIenaHdEdl minR:zñaedIm|I

eZVInUvsmNZm(eLIy eRBaHPikú¡enaH dlRBmedayóbnisS&y én

RBHGrhtþ eRBaHehtuenaH kalRTgTUn μannUvPikú¡enaH eTIbRTgRtas

nwgPikú¡enaH mþgeT[t za ²mñalPikú¡ ehtudUecñaH kñúgsasnaenH Gñk

Kb|IsikSayaenHza citþrbsGatμaGj nwgtaMgenAkñúgsnþan taMg

enAedaylÁ TaMgBYkGkuslZm(d*lamk k*minekIteLIg RKbsg,t

citþ:neLIy dUecñHç mñalPikú¡ GñkKb|IsikSa yagdUecñHÉg³ . k*

mUlsmaZi RtwmEtPaBéncitþ manGarmμN¾EtmYy edayGMNacén

1- suÇ GMÇ GÇ PaKTI 48 TMB&rTI 276 .

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

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216 RBh μviharnieTÞs

za nUvsmaZiRbkbedayvitk,; nig vicar;pg dUecñHCaedIm³ dUecñH

ehIy kalRTgsMEdgnUvRBhμvihard*essmankruNaCaedIm Edl

CaRbZan dlPikú¡enaH mþgeT[t za ²Pikú¡Kb|IeZVI nUvkarcMerInsmaZi

edayGMNacénctutæCÄan nig bJ©k,CÄan kñúgGarmμN¾TaMgLay

déT³ dUecñH eTIbRTgRtasRBHtRmas´za ²mñalPikú¡ kúñgkalNa

smaZienH CaKuNCati KWGñk:ncMerInehIy :neZVIoeRcInehIy

y¨agenHç mñalPikú¡ kñúgkalenaH GñkKb|IsikSa yagenH za

²ecetavimutþi RbkbedaykruNa CaKuNCati KWGatμaGj:ncMerIn

ehIy :neZVIoeRcInehIyÇÇdz dUecñHCaedImç luHRBHmanRBHPaK

RTgsMEdgnUvkarcMerInnUvctutæCÄan nig bJ©k,CÄan Edlmanemtþa

CaedIm CaRbZan yagenHrYcehIy edIm|IRTgsMEdgnUvsmaZiEdl

manGnubsSna 4 mankayanubsSnaCaedIm CaRbZan eTIbRTg

Rtas´nUvRBHtRmasza ²mñalPikú¡ kñúgkalNa smaZienH CaKuN

CatiKWGñk:ncMerInehIy :neZVIoeRcInehIyyagenHç mñalPikú¡

kñúgkalenaH GñkKb|IsikSa yagenH za ²GatμaGj nwgCaGñkman

kiriyaBicarNanUvkaykñúgkayenA³ dUecñHCaedIm eTIbRTgjúaMgPikú¡

enaH osmaTannUvRBHZm(eTsna edayCakMBUlKWRBHGrhtþ za

²mñalPikú¡ kñúgkalNa smaZienH nwgCaKuNCati KWGñk:ncMerIn

ehIy nwg:ncMerInlÁehIyyagenH mñalPikú¡ kñúgkalenaH Gñk

nwgeTA kñúgTINa> GñknwgenAsb|ay kñúgTIenaH> GñknwgQrenA

kñúgTINa> GñknwgQrenAsb|ay kñúgTIenaH> GñknwgGg<úy kñúg

TINa> GñknwgGg<úysb|ay kñúgTIenaH> GñknwgseRmckaredk

visuTÆimK< ERb 215

citþEdlfitenAxagkñúg KWRBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtasehIy dlPikú¡

enaH edayRBHOvaTenH . bnÞabGMBIenaH edIm|IsMEdgnUvRBHbMNg

za ²Pikú¡enaH mindlnUvesckþIeBjcitþ edaysmaZimanRbmaN

bu¨eNÑH Kb|IjúaMgsmaZienaHocMerInyagenH³ dUecñHehIy eTIbRTg´

Rtas´nUvkarcMerIn‘smaZi’ edayGMNacénemtþa dlPikú¡enaH y¨ag

enH za ²mñalPikú¡ kalNa citþrbsGñk taMgenAkñúgsnþan taMg

enAlÁehIy TaMgBYkGkuslZm( d*lamk k*minekIteLIg RKb

sg,tcitþ:nç mñalPikú¡ kalenaH GñkKb|IsikSa yagenH za

²ecetavimutþi Rbkbedayemtþa nwgCaKuNCati KWGatμaGj:ncMerIn

ehIy :neZVIoeRcInehIy :neZVIodUcCayanehIy :ntMkl´

s)behIy :nRbRBwtþer]y> :nsnSMTuk :nR:rBÆlÁehIy³

dUecñHç mñalPikú¡ GñkKb|IsikSa yagenHcuH ³ dUecñHehIy eTIbRTg

Rtas´bnþeT[t za ²mñalPikú¡ kalNa smaZienH KWGñk:ncMerIn

ehIy :neZVIoeRcInehIy yagenHç mñalPikú¡ kalenaH GñkKYr

cMerInnUvsmaZienHEdlRbkbedayvitk,; nig vicar;pg .l. Gñk

KYrcMerInnUvsmaZienH EdlRbkbedayóebk¡apg³ dUecñH .

bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþIénRBHOvaTenaHza ; RBHmanRBHPaK

luHRTgRtasza ²mñalPikú¡ kúñgkalNa mUlsmaZienH CaKuN

Cati KWGñk:ncMerInehIy edayGMNacénemtþa yagenHç kúñgkal

enaH GñkkMudlnUvesckþIeRtkGr edaysmaZimanRbmaNbu¨eNÑH

kaljúaMgmUlsmaZienH odlnUvctutæCÄan nig bJ©k,CÄan kñúg

GarmμN¾TaMgLaydéT ‘bnþeTAeT[t’ Kb|IcMerIn edayn&ymann&y

ពទ�ធកស

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េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 217

kñúgTINa> GñknwgseRmckaredksb|ay kñúgTIenaH>³ dUecñH .

eRBaHehtuenaH Gb|mJ¦a 3 manemtþaCaedIm bNÐitKb|I

RCabza ²Catik,CÄanika nig ctuk,CÄanika ‘KWRbRBwtþeTAkñúgQan 3

kñúgctuk,n&y nigRbRBwtþeTAkñúgQan 4 kñúgbJ©k,n&y’ Etbu¨eNÑaH³ç

cMENkóebk¡abNÐitKb|IRCabza ²CaGvessÉkCÄanika‘KWRbRBwtþ

eTA kñúgQanEtmYyd*ess’ Etbu¨eNÑaH³ . k*Gb|mJ¦aTaMgLay

manemtþaCaedIm KWRBHd*manRBHPaKRTgcMENkehIy kñúgGPiZm μ

ÉeNaHdUcKñaEdr .

‘Gb|mJ¦amanGanuPaBepSgKña’

‘195’ bNiÐtKb|IRCabza Gb|mJ¦aTaMg 4 enaH sUm|Ifit

enAehIy eday 2 Epñk edayGMNacéntik,CÄan ß ctuk,CÄan 1

edayGMNacénGvessÉkCÄan1 dUc:neBalmkehIyenH man

GanuPaBd*viess mindUcKña edayGMNacénviemak¡ mansuPviemak¡

d*éRkElgCaedIm . EmnBit Gb|mJ¦aTaMgn@uH RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´

sMEdg oviess kñúghliTÞvsnsURt edayGMNacviemak¡ man

suPviemak¡ d*éRkElgCaedIm . dUcCaRBHGg<RTgRtas za ²mñal

Pikú¡TaMgLay tzaKt ehAemtþaecetavimutþi za mansuPviemak¡d*éRk

Elg mñalPikú¡TaMgLay tzaKt ehAkruNaecetavimutþi za man

GakasanJ©aytn; CayagéRkElg mñalPikú¡TaMgLay tzaKt

ehAmuTitaecetavimutþi za manviJ¦aNJ©aytn; CayagéRkElg

mñalPikú¡TaMgLay tzaKtehAóebk¡aecetavimutþi za manGakiJ©-

J¦aytn; CayagéRkElg³ . sYrza ²cuHeRBaHehtuGVI :nCaRBH

218 RBh μviharnieTÞs

manRBHPaK RTgRtas´Gb|mJ¦aTaMgenaH yagenH / ³ . eqøIyza

²eRBaHGb|mJ¦aTaMgenaH CaóbnisS&yénviemak¡enaH>³ . EmnBit

stVTaMgLay rEmgCarbsminbdikUl sMrab´RBHeyaKI Gñkman

kiriyaenAedayemtþa . lMdabenaH kalRBHeyaKI Gñkmankiriya

enAedayemtþaenaH RbmUlnUvcitþ kñúgBN(TaMgLaymanBN(ex[v

CaedIm EdlCaBN(d*brisuTÆ minbdikUl eRBaHkiriyazñwkedayvtæú

EdlminbdikUl citþ EtgsÞúHeTAkñúgvNÑksiNenaH edaymin:c´

RBYyeLIy . emtþaCaóbnisS&yénsuPviemak¡ edayn&yEdl:n

eBalmkenHÉg bnÞabGMBIemtþaenaHmk minEmnCaóbnisS&yeT

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIb:nCaRBHd*manRBHPaK RTgRtas´emtþaenaH

za ²mansuPviemak¡ yagéRkElg³ .

sMrabRBHeyaKIGñkmankiriyaenAedaykruNa GñkBicarNa

eXIjc|as nUvesckþITuk¡rbs´stV manrUbsøaksñamEdlbuK<l

vayehIyedaydMbgCaedIm eTas kñúgrUb KWCaeTasEdldwgc|as´

ehIy eRBaHekItmankiriyaRbRBwtþieTAénkruNa . tmk eRBaHPav;

énrUbEdlxøÜndwgR:kdehIyzaCaeTas kalRBHeyaKIn@uH ebIknUv

ksiNNamYy kñúgcMeNamksiN manbfvIksiNCaedImehIy

RbmUlmknUvcitþ kñúgGakasCaeRK]grlasecalnUvrUbç citþ Etg

sÞúHeTA kñúgGakasenaH edaymin:cRBYyeLIy . kruNa Ca

óbnisS&y énGakasanJ©aytnviemak¡ edayn&yEdl:neBal

mkenH bnÞabGMBIkruNaenaHeTA minEmnCaóbnisS&yeT eRBaH

ehtuenaH kruNaenaH :nCaRBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtas´ za ²man

ពទ�ធកស

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េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

220 RBh μviharnieTÞs

minman tambrmtæ RbRBwtþknøgnUvviJ¦aNJ©aytn; EdlxøÜn:n

sMercehIyedaylMdab ehIyRbmUlmknUvcitþ kñúgkarminman én

viJ¦aNEdlCabrmtæ kñúgZmμCatEdlKμan edaysPav;ç citþ Etg

sÞúHeTA kñúgkarminmanénviJ¦aNenaH edaymin:cRBYyeLIy .

óebk¡a CaóbnisS&y énGakiJ©J¦aytnviemak¡ edayn&yEdl:n

eBalmkehIyenH bnÞabGMBIóebk¡aenaH minEmnCaóbnisS&yeTç

eRBaHehtuenaH óebk¡a eTIbRBHd*manRBHPaK RTgRtas´ za ²man

GakiJ©J¦aytnviemak¡ CayagéRkElg³ edayRbkardUecñH .

‘Gb|mJ¦aeZVIklüaNZm(obribUr’

bNÐitRCab nUvGanuPaBénGb|mJ¦aTaMgn@uH edayGMNac

énviemak¡mansuPviemak¡d*éRkElgCaedIm yagenHehIy Kb|IRCab

nUvGb|mJ¦aTaMgGsenaH mþgeT[t za ²CaKuNCati bMeBjnUvBYk

klüaNZm(RKby¨ag manTanCaedIm obribUr³ dUecñH . EmnBit

RBHmhastVTaMgLay CaGñkmancitþRbRBwtþeTAesμI eRBaHPav;Ca

GñkmanGZüaRs&yCaRbeyaCn¾ cMeBaHstVTaMgLaypg eRBaHPaB

CaGñkGtRTaMmin:nnUvesckþITuk¡rbs´stVTaMgLaypg eRBaHPav;

CaGñkmanesckþIR:zña edIm|IkarfitenA GskalyUr cMeBaHsm|tþi

viessrbsstVTaMgLaypg nig eRBaHPaBminmankarZøakcuHeTA

kñúgbkSBYk kñúgsBVstVTaMgLaypg RTgbMeBjnUv:rmITaMgLay

y¨agenH KW ; ‘1’ RTgoTan EdlCaehtuénesckþIsux cMeBaH

sBVstVTaMgLay minRTgeZVInUvkarEbgEck za ²KWGatμaGj KYro

dlCnenH minKYrodlCnenHeT³ dUecñHç ‘2’ RTglHbg nUvKMnMu

visuTÆimK< ERb 219

GakasanJ©aytnviemak¡ Cay¨agéRkElg³ .

cMENkÉ citþ rbsRBHeyaKI GñkmankiriyaenAedaymuTita

GñkBicarNaeXIjc|as nUvviJ¦aN rbs´BYkstVEdlmanesckþI

rIkrayekIteLIgehIy edayehtuénesckþIrIkrayenaH> rEmgCa

citþR:kdc|asehIy kñúgkarkanyknUvviJ¦aN eRBaHekItman

kiriyaRbRBwtþieTAénmuTita . bnÞabmk kalRBHeyaKIenaH RbRBwtþ

knøgnUvGakasanJ©aytn; EdlxøÜn:nsMercehIy edaylMdab´

ehIyRbmUlmknUvcitþ kñúgviJ¦aN Edlmannimitþ KWGakasCa

GarmμN¾ç citþ ‘rbsRBHeyaKIenaH’ EtgsÞúHeTA kñúgviJ¦aNenaH

edaymin:cRBYyeLIy. muTita CaóbnisS&yénviJ¦aNJ©aytn

viemak¡ edayn&yEdl:neBalmkenHç bnÞabGMBImuTitaenaHeTA

minEmnCaóbnisS&yeT eRBaHehtuenaH muTitaenaH :nCaRBHman

RBHPaKRTgRtas´za ²manviJ¦aNJ©aytnviemak¡y¨agéRkElg³ .

cMENk citþ rbsRBHeyaKI GñkmankiriyaenAedayóebk¡a

rEmgCacitþd*lM:k kñúgkiriyakan´yknUvZmμCatEdlminman eRBaH

Pav;CaGñkRBegIykenþIy kñúgkiriyakan´yknUvRbeyaCn¾ rbsGñk

déT mansux nig Tuk¡CaedIm eRBaHminmanesckþIkgVl´ za ²stV

TaMgLaycUrCastVdlehIynUvesckþIsux ß ßza stVTaMgLay

cUrrYccakTuk¡ mYyvijeT[t stVTaMgLaycUrkMuR:scakesckþIsux

EdldlRBmehIy³ dUecñH . bnÞabmk kalRBHeyaKIenaH man

citþzñwk kñúgkiriyaRBegIykenþIy cMeBaHkarkanyknUvRbeyaCn¾ én

buK<ldéT nig CaGñkmancitþlM:k kñúgkarkanyknUvZmμCatEdl

ពទ�ធកស

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េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 221

KMukYn cMeBaHtVTaMgLayenaH smaTannUvsIlç ‘3’ RTgKbrknUv

enk¡mμ edIm|IjúaMgsIloeBjbribUrç ‘4’ RTgCRmHnUvbJ¦a opUr

pg edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dlesckþIminvegVg kñúgRbeyaCn¾ nig minEmn

CaRbeyaCn¾rbs´stVTaMgLayç ‘5’ RTg´R:rBÆnUvesckþIBüayam

Canic© edIm|IRbeyaCn¾ nig esckþIsux dlstVTaMgLayç ‘6’

mYyeT[t ebITukCadlehIynUvesckþIekø{vkøa edayGMNacesckþI

Büayamd*x¬gx¬s k*RTgGtnUveTaskMhusmanRbkarepSg> dl´

stVTaMgLayEdrç ‘7’ minRTgjúaMgesckþIebþC\a EdlxøÜneZVI

ehIy za ²eyIgnwgoTanenH dlGñkTaMgLay nwgeZVInUvrbsenH

dlGñkTaMgLay³ dUecñH oeXø{gXøateLIyç ‘8’ RTgCaGñkman

esckþIGZidðanminkeRmIk edIm|IRbeyaCn¾ nig esckþIsux dlstV

TaMgLayenaHç ‘9’ RTgCaGñkmankiriyaeZVImun edayemtþa mino

eXø{gXøatcMeBaHstVTaMgenaHç ‘10’ EtminRTgnwkR:zñanUvóbkar;

tbvij edayóebk¡a dUecñH rhUtdlRTgbMeBjnUvklüaNZ(m

TaMgLayRKb´y¨ag epSgedayBlJ¦aN 10 evsarC¢J¦aN 4

GsaZarNJ¦aN 6 nig BuTÆZm( 18 oeBjbribUr . Gb|mJ¦a

TaMgLayn@uHÉg CaKuNCatibMeBj nUvklüaNZm(TaMgGs man

TanCaedImobribUr yagenHÉg .

briecäT TI9 eQ μaH RBhμviharnieTÞs kñúgGZikarénsmaZiPavna

kñúgbkrN¾viesseQ μaHvisuTÆimK<Edlx\úMer[ber[gehIy

edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dlkiriyajúaMgsaZuCnorIkray ‘cb´ehIy’

edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

222 Garub|nieTÞs

‘GakasanJ©aytn;’

‘196’ cMENkÉ kñúgGrUbkmμdðanTaMgLay 4 EdlRBH

manRBHPaKRTgsMEdgecjehIy bnÞabBIRBhμvihar RBHeyaKIGñk

R:zñaedIm|IcMerInnUvGakasanJ©aytn; CadMbUg eXIjnUveTaskñúg

krCrUb edayGMNacéneTas mankarkanyknUvdMbgCaedImpg

énGaBaZTaMg 1ç000 maneraKkñúgEPñk nig Rtec[k CaedImenHpg

eRBaH:LIza ²k*karkan´ykdMbg kan´yknUveRK]gs®sþa CMelaH

karRbkanxus nigkarTasETgKñaTaMgLay CaCMelaHdlrUb rEmg

R:kdEmnBit bu¨EnþeTasmankarkan´yknUvdMbgCaedImn@uH minman

eLIy edayRbkarTaMgBYg kúñgGarUb|Qan RBHeyaKIenaHBicarNa

eXIj yagenHehIy CaGñkRbtibtþiedIm|IesckþIen]yNay edIm|I

R:scakteRmk edIm|IrMlt nUvrUbTaMgLayEmnBit³ dUecñHehIy

júaMgctutæCÄanoekIteLIgkñúgksiNNamYy kñúgcMeNamksiN

9 manbfvIksiNCaedIm elIkElgEtGakasksiNEdlkMNt

ehIy edIm|IknøgnUvkrCrUbenaH . EmnBit krCrUb CaGarmμN¾

EdlRBHeyaKIenaHknøgehIy edayGMNacénctutæCÄanCarU:vcr

k*BitEmnehIy EtebITukCadUecñaH sUm|IksiNrUbk*mankrCrUbenaH

CaeRK]geRb[beZ[bEdr eRBaHehtuNa eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI

enaH CaGñkR:zñaedIm|Iknøg nUvksiNrUbenaHÉg . sYrza ²knøg

edayRbkardUecñH / ³ . eqøIyza ²dUcCabursxøacBs RtUvBskñúg

éRBedjtam rteTAyagel]n eXIjnUvsøwketñatEdlviciRteday

KMnUrkþI nUvvløikþI nUvExSkþI BMuenaHesat nUvRkEhgénEpndIEdlEbk

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

224 Garub|nieTÞs

mYyeT[t bNÐitKb|IBN(naesckþIeRb[beZ[b manEq,Edl

RtUvRCUkéRBexVH nig bursEdlxøacexμacCaedIm kñúgkrCrUbn@uHcuH .

RBHeyaKIenaH en]yNay cakksiNrUbEdlCaGarmμN¾

rbs´ctutæCÄanenaH yagenHehIy CaGñkR:zñaedIm|Iec[secj

eTA CaGñksÞatCMnaj edayGakar;TaMgLay 5 ehIyecjcak

ctutæCÄan CarU:vcr EdlsÞatCMnajehIy eXIjnUveTas kñúg

QanenaH za ²ctutæCÄanenH eZVInUvrUb EdlGatμaGjen]yNay

ehIy oCaGarmμN¾³ dUecñHpg za ²ctutæCÄanenH CasRtUv dl´

esamnsSd*Cit³ dUecñHpg za ²ctutæCÄanenH CaQaneRKatRKat

Cagviemak¡d*lÁit³ dUecñHpg .

k*kñúgGarUb|CÄann@uH minmanGg<EdleRKatRKateT . Emn

Bit ctutæCÄan CarU:vcrenH RbkbedayGg< 2 hñwgÉg yagNaç

sUm|IGarUbCÄanTaMgLay k*RbkbedayGg< 2 k*y¨agenaHEdr .

‘ebIkksiN’

RBHeyaKIenaH luHeXIjnUveTas kñúgrU:vcrctutæCÄanenaH

y¨agenHehIy RKbsg,tnUvesckþIRsLaj eZVITukkñúgcitþnUvGaka-

sanJ©aytn; edayzaCaZm(d*lÁit ehIypSayksiNeTA rhUt

dlTIbMputéncRkvaL ß rhUtdlTIEdlxøÜnR:zña ehIyeZVITukkñúg

citþnUvOkasEdlksiNrUbenaHpSayeTAdlza ²Gakas³ dUecñHkþI

za ²Gakas KμanTIbMput³ dUecñHkþI eTIbebIknUvksiN:n . k*RBH

eyaKI kalebIknUvksiN minmUr dUcCabuK<lmUrkenÞlEpgeT min

erIeLIg dUcCabuK<lelIkeLIg nUvnMGMBIGMEbgeT RKanEtElgnwkna

visuTÆimK< ERb 223

RkEhgehIykþI kñúgTIEdlxøÜnrtehIy rwgrwtEtxøacrwgrwtEttksøút

CaGñkminR:zñaedIm|IeXIjvtæúenaHeLIy yagNamij . mYyeT[t

eRb[bdUcCaburs enAkñúgRsukmYy CamYynwgbursmaneB[r GñkeZVI

nUvesckþIvinas RtUvbursmaneB[renaH cUleTARbTUsþehIy eday

karsmøab karcabcg nig kardutpÞHCaedIm eTAkan´RsukdéT edIm|I

RbeyaCn¾dlkarrsenA k*eXIjnUvburs EdlmanrUb sMeLg

nigkarehArkRbEhlKñanwgbursmaneB[r kñúgRsukenaHeT[t ehIy

k*rwgrwtEtxøac rwgrwtEttksøút CaGñkminR:zñacgeXIjnUvburs

enaHesaHeLIy yagNamij . enHCaesckþIeRb[beZ[b nUvPaB

énesckþIeRb[bpÞwm kñúgkrCrUbenaH .

EmnBit kalCaTIRBmeRB[gedaykrCrUb edayGMNacén

GarmμN¾ rbsPikú¡ dUcCakalEdlbursTaMgLayenaH RtUvBs ß

RtUvbursmaneB[r cUleTARbTUsþehIy . kalEdlPikú¡ RbRBwtþ

knøgnUvkrCrUb:n edayGMNacénctutæCÄanCarU:vcr dUcCakar

EdlbursTaMgenaH rteTAy¨agel]n nig eTAkanRsukdéTeT[t .

Pav;énPikú¡kMNtnUvksiNrUbhñwgÉgza ²ksiNrUbenHmancMENk

eRb[bedaykrCrUbEmnBit³ dUecñHehIy R:zñaedIm|IRbRBwtþknøg nUv

ksiNrUbenaHÉg dUcCaPav;énbursTaMgLayenaH eXIjnUvvtæú

EdlRsed[gBs mansøwketñatEdlviciRtehIy edayKMnUrCaedIm

nig nUvbursCaGñkR:kdesμIedaybuK<lmaneB[r kñúgTIEdlxøÜnrt´

eTAehIy nig kñúgRsukmYy ehIyP&yxøac nig minR:zñaedIm|ICYb

RbTHeLIy .

ពទ�ធកស

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េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 225

ElgeZVITukkñúgcitþ ElgBicarNanUvksiNenaHbu¨eNÑaHç RBHeyaKI

kalminnwkna mineZVITukkñúgcitþ minBicarNa Etza eZVITukkñúgcitþnUv

OkasEdlksiNrUbenaH BalRtUvehIy edayBit za ²Gakas

Gakas³ dUecñH eQμaHzaebIknUvksiN . sUm|IksiN kalRtUv

RBHeyaKIebIk k*minEmnrbUteLIg minEmnx©atx©ayeLIy Ca

ZmμCatEdlGaRs&ynUvkareZVITukkñúgcitþ dlksiNrUbenH nig eZVI

Tukkñúgcitþ za ²Gakas Gakas³ dUecñH eTIbeQμaHza RtUv:nebIk

ehIyEtbu¨eNÑaH . karebIkksiNzaGakasbu¨eNÑaH EtgR:kd .

BaküTaMgGsenH za ²karebIknUvksiNzaGakas³ dUecñHkþI

za ²GakasRtUvksiNBalRtUvehIy³ dUecñHkþI za ²GakasEdl

sáatcakksiN³ dUecñHkþI CaBaküEtmYyEmnBit .

‘óbcar; nig Gb|na’

RBHeyaKIenaH BicarNaer]y> nUvksiNuK¹adikasnimitþ

enaH za ²Gakas Gakas³ dUecñH eQμaHza eZVIoeTACanimitþEdl

esckIþRtiHriHsÞÜyeLIgehIy oeTACanimitþEdlesckþInwkRtiHriH

sÞÜyeLIgehIy . kalRBHeyaKIenaH BicarNaer]y> yagenH

kaleZVIoeTACanimitþEdlesckþIRtiHriHsÞÜyeLIgehIy oCanimitþ

EdlesckþInwkRtiHriHsÞÜyeLIgehIyç nIvrNZm(TaMgLay rEmg

sábrmáab:n sti rEmgtaMgenAs)b citþ k*rEmgtaMgenAmaM eday

óbcar;. RBHeyaKIenaHesB cMerIn eZVIoeRcInnUvnimitþenaHer]y>.

kalRBHeyaKavcrenaH BicarNa eZVITukkñúgcitþ er]y> yagenHç

GakasanJ©aytncitþ rEmgEGbs)b BÆd*Gakas dUcCarU:vcrcitþ

226 Garub|nieTÞs

EGbs)b kñúgksiNTaMgLaymanbfvIksiNCaedIm . EmnBit

sUm|IkñúgGakasanJ©aytnQanenH Cv&nTaMgLaybI ß bYn kñúg

cMENkxagedIm Cakamavcr sm|yutþedayóebk¡aevTnahñwgÉg .

Cv&n TI 4 ß Cv&n TI 5 CaGrU:vcr . Baküd*ess mann&ydUc

eBalmkehIy kñúgbfvIksiNhñwgÉg .

‘esckþIepSgKñakñúgGakasanJ©aytn;’

cMENkesckþIepSgKña dUcteTAenH . kalebIGrU:vcrcitþ

ekIteLIgehIy yagenHç Pikú¡enaH kalsMLwgemIlnUvmNÐl én

ksiN edayQanckú¡ kñúgkalmun enAehIyç kalebInimitþenaH

RtUvkareZVITukkñúgcitþnUvbrikmμ za ²Gakas Gakas³ enH naMecj

ehIy edayrh&sç k*enAsMLwgemIlnUvGakashñwgÉg eRb[bdUc

CabursGñkcgnUvmatNamYy kñúgcMeNammatTaMgLay manmat´

yan matBagtUc nig matqñaMgCaedIm edaykMNatsMBtB(N

ex[v ß edaykMNatsMBtBN(ÉNamYy bNþaBN(TaMgLay

manBN(el]g BN(Rkhm nig BN(-s CaedIm ehIysMLwg

emIlç kalebIkMNatsMBt RtUvkMLaMgxül ß RtUvvtæúNanImYy

naMykeTAehIy eQμaHza QrsMLwgemIlnUvGakashñwgÉg yag

dUecñaHÉg .

k*Pikú¡enaH RBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtas´ehAza ²cUleTAsMerc

dlGakasanJ©aytn; ehIyenA edayeZVITukkñúgcitþza ; Gakas

Gakas dUecñH eRBaHknøgnUvrUbsJ¦a edayRbkarTaMgBYg eRBaH

dlnUvkartaMgenAmin:n énbdiXsJ¦a edayRbkarTaMgBYg eRBaH

ពទ�ធកស

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េមរ

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រារាម

228 Garub|nieTÞs

bTza ²smtik,ma³ esckþIza eRBaHR:scakteRmk nig

eRBaHrlt . sYrza ²manGZib|aydUcemþc / ³ . eqøIyza ²eRBaH

R:scakteRmk nig eRBaHrlt KWeRBaHehtuénkarR:scakraK;

nig eRBaHehtuénkarrlt nUvrUbsJ¦a eBalKWQan 15 eday

GMNacénkusl vi:k nig kiriyaTaMgenaH nig nUvrUbsJ¦a eBal

KWGarm μN¾ 9 TaMgenaH edayGMNacénksiN manbfvIksiN

CaedIm edayGakar;TaMgBYg ß minmanesssl eTIbcUleTA

sMercdl´GakasanJ©aytn;ehIyenA . eRBaHza RBHeyaKIEdl

manrUbsJ¦aminTan:nknøgehIy edayRbkarTaMgBYg k*minGac

edIm|IcUleTAsMercdl´GakasanJ©aytn;enaHehIyenA:neT³ .

karRbRBwtþiknøgnUvsJ¦a minmandlRBHeyaKIGñkminTanR:scak

raK;ehIykñúgGarmμN¾ kñúgGakasanJ©aytn;enaH bu¨Enþ kalebI

sJ¦aTaMgLayRbRBwtþknøgeTAehIyç GarmμN¾ k*CaZmμCatRbRBwtþ

knøgeTAehIydUcKñaEdr eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH :nCaRBH

d*manRBHPaK minRTgRtasehIy nUvkarRbRBwtiþknøg nUvGarmμN¾

kñúgGakasanJ©aytn;enaHeT RTgRtasEtkarRbRBwtiþknøg nUv

sJ¦abu¨eNÑaH kñúgviPg< yagenHza ²bNþasJ¦aTaMgenaH rUbsJ¦a

etIdUcemþc/ karsMKal´ GakarsMKal PaBénkarsMKal Na

rbs´buK<lGñkcUlkan´rU:vcrsmabtþikþI rbs´buK<lGñkRbkb

‘edayrU:vcrsmabtþi’ kþI rbsbuK<lGñkenACasux kñúgbc©úb|nñ

‘edayrU:vcrsmabtþi’kþIç enH ehAza rUbsJ¦aç buK<lCaGñkknøg

RbRBwtþknøg Qanknøg nUvrUbsJ¦aTaMgenH eRBaHehtuenaH eTIb

visuTÆimK< ERb 227

mineZVITukkñúgcitþnUvnantþsJ¦a edayRbkarTaMgBYg ³ dUecñH .

‘EksBVesa’

kñúg:f;TaMgenaH bTza ²sBVesa³ KWedayGakarTaMgBYg.

esckþIza ²TaMgGs´ ß minmanesss³ .

‘EkrUbsJ¦anM’

bTza ²rUbsJ¦anM³ :ndlnUvrU:vcrQanEdl:neBal

ehIy edayRbZanKWsJ¦apg nig nUvGarmμN¾rbsrU:vcrQan

enaHpg . EmnBitsUm|IrU:vcrQan k*RBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtas´

za rUb ‘dUc’ kñúg:LITaMgLaymanCaGaTi¾za ²buK<l:nnUvrUbCÄan

rEmgeXIjnUvrUbTaMgLay ‘1’ ‘mannIlksiNCaedIm’³ dUecñHç

sUm|IGarmμN¾ rbsrU:vcrQanenaH k*RBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtas´

za rUb ‘dUc’ kñúg:LITaMgLayza ²buK<lBYkxøH eXIjnUvBYkrUb

xageRkA EdlmanBN(lÁ nig BN(GaRkk ‘2’ ³ dUecñHCaedIm .

eRBaHehtuenaH kñúgTIenH BaküenHza ²esckþIsMKalkñúgrUb

eQμaHza rUbsJ¦a³ dUecñH Kb|IRCabza CaeQμaH énrU:vcrQan

Edlelak:neBalehIyedayyksJ¦aCaRbZan yagenHÉg.

rUb CasJ¦aénGarmμN¾enaH eRBaHehtuenaH Garm μN¾enaH eQμaHza

rUbsJ¦a . GZib|ayza ²rUb CaeQμaH énQanenaH³ . k*bNÐit

Kb|IRCabza BaküenaH CaeQμaH énGarm μN¾ énrU:vcrQanenaH

epSgedayksiN manbfvIksiNCaedIm yagenHÉg .

‘Eksmtik,ma’

1– 2- suÇ mÇ mÇ PaKTI 24 TMB&rTI 163-164 .

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េមរ

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រារាម

230 Garub|nieTÞs

GñkcUlrU:vcrCÄan manbfmCÄanCaedIm eRBaHza kñúgsm&yenaH

citþ rEmgminRbRBwtþeTA edayGMNacénbJ©TVar k*BitEmnç kal

ebImanRbkardUecñH kareBalnUvbdiXsJ¦aTaMgLayn@uH kñúgGaka-

sanJ©aytnkzaenH bNÐitKb|IRCab edayGMNacénkareBal

sresIrnUvQanenH edIm|IjúaMgesckþIx μIXμatoekIteLIg kñúgQan

enH dUcCakareBalnUvsux nig Tuk¡ TaMgLay EdlRBHeyaKIlH

bg:nehIy kñúgQandéT kñúgctutæCÄan nig dUcCakareBal nUv

TidðiTaMgLaymansk,ayTidðiCaedIm EdlRBHeyaKIlHbg:nehIy

kñúgmK<déT kñúgttiymK< . mYyeT[t sJ¦aTaMgLayenaH minman

sUm|IdlRBHeyaKIGñkcUlkanrU:vcrCÄanehIy k*BitEmn EtebI

TukCadUecñaH sJ¦aTaMgLayenaH rEmgminman eRBaHPav;énsJ¦a

TaMgenaH KWRBHeyaKIlHbg:nehIy k*eTEdr . eRBaHza karcMerIn

rU:vcrCÄan minRbRBwtþeTA edIm|IR:scakteRmkkñúgrUb . cMENk

karRbRBwtþieTA énrU:vcrPavnaTaMgLayn@uH CaZmμCatidittamrUb .

cMENk PavnaenH RbRBwtþeTA edIm|IR:scakraK;kñúgrUb . eRBaH

ehtuenaH nwgeBalza ²bdiXsJ¦aTaMgLayenaH KWRBHeyaKIlH

bg:nehIy kñúgGarUbTI1 enH³ dUecñH k*KYr nig minEmnRtwmEt

eBalbu¨eNÑaHeLIy sUm|IRTRTgesckþITuk yagenH edaycMENk

mYyhñwgÉg k*KYrEdr . k*eRBaHbdiXsJ¦aTaMgLayenaH KWRBH

eyaKIlHminTan´:n kñúgQanmun GMBIQanenHenaHÉg RBHman

RBHPaKRtasza ²sMeLg Cabnøa rbsGñkcUlbfmCÄan ‘1’ ³ .

1- suÇ GMÇ TÇ PaTI 50 TMB&rTI 295 .

visuTÆimK< ERb 229

eBalza ²eRBaHknøgnUvrUbsJ¦a edaysBVRKb ‘1’ ³ . bu¨Enþ ‘GrU:vcr’ smabtþiTaMgLayn@uH KWRBHeyaKIKb|I:n

sMerc edaykarRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGarmμN¾ mindUcCarU:vcrQanTaMg

LaymanbfmCÄanCaedIm KWRBHeyaKIKb|I:nsMerc kñúgGarmμN¾

EtmYybu¨eNÑaH eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH esckþIBN(naenH

bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²KWelakeZVIehIy edayGMNacénkarRbRBwtþi

knøgnUvGarmμN¾hñwgÉg³ .

‘EkbdiXsJ¦anM Gtæg<ma’

BIrbTza ²bdiXsJ¦anM Gtæg<ma³ esckþIza karsMKal´

EdlekIteLIgRBmehIy eRBaHkiriyabHnUvvtæúTaMgLay manckú¡ Ca

edIm nignUvGarmμN¾TaMgLaymanrUbCaedIm eQμaHzabdiXsJ¦a .

Baküza bdiXsJ¦an@uH CaeQμaH énsJ¦aTaMgLay manrUbsJ¦a

CaedIm . smdUcCaRBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtas´za ²bNþasJ¦aTaMg

enaH bdiXsJ¦a etIdUcemþc/ KW rUbsJ¦a sTÞsJ¦a KnÆsJ¦a

rssJ¦a epadðBVsJ¦a sJ¦aTaMgenH ehAza bdiXsJ¦a ‘2’ ³ . ‘RBHeyaKIcUldlGakasanJ©aytnCÄan’ eRBaHdlnUv

kartaMgenAmin:n KWeRBaHlHbg eRBaHminekIteLIgRBm GZib|ay

za eRBaHeZVIminoRbRBwtþeTA énbdiXsJ¦aTaMg 10 enaH eday

RbkarTaMgBYg dUecñHKW bdiXsJ¦aTaMgLay 5 Cakuslvi:k

bdiXsJ¦aTaMgLay 5 CaGkuslvi:k .

bdiXsJ¦aTaMgLayenaH minman sUm|IdlRBHeyaKavcr

1- 2- GPiÇ viÇ PaKTI 81 TMB&rTI 286 .

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232 Garub|nieTÞs

sJ¦a Cakamavcrkusl 11 sJ¦a CaGkuslvi:k 2 sJ¦a

Cakamavcrkiriya 11 CasJ¦amanPaBepSg> KWmansPaBepSg>

minesμIKñanwgKñaeT eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH sJ¦aTaMgenaH

eTIbRBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtasza ²nantþsJ¦a³ . eRBaHmineZVITuk

kñúgcitþ KWeRBaHminnwkna eRBaHminTTUcnwk eRBaHminBicarNa nUv

nantþsJ¦aTaMgLayenaH edayRbkarTaMgBYg . GZib|ayza

²RBHeyaKI minnwkna mineZVITukkñúgcitþ minBicarNa nUvsJ¦aTaMg

enaH eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH ‘RBHeyaKIenaH cUleTAsMerc

QanenH ehIyenA’³ .

‘esckþIepSgén:f;’

mYyeT[t bNÐitKb|IRCabza ; kñúgsJ¦aTaMgenaH rUbsJ¦a

nig bdiXsJ¦a mankñúgkalmun rEmgminman sUm|IkñúgPB Edl

ekItehIy edayQanenHEmnBit caM:cniyayzVI kñúgkalCaTI

cUleTAsMercnUvQanenH ehIyenA kñúgPBenaH eRBaHehtuNaç

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbRBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtas´karminmanEmnBit

énrUbsJ¦a nig bdiXsJ¦aTaMgenaH Ca 2 Epñk za ²eRBaHRbRBwtþ

knøg eRBaHdlnUvkartaMgenAmin:n³ dUecñH . bu¨EnþkñúgnantþsJa¦

TaMgLay sJ¦aTaMgLay 27 enH KW? sJ¦a Cakamavcrkusl

8 sJ¦a Cakiriya 9 sJ¦a CaGkusl 10 rEmgman kñúgPB

EdlekItehIy edayQanenH eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH

bNiÐtKb|IRCabza RBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtas´za ²eRBaHmineZVITuk

kñúgcitþnUvnantþsJ¦aTaMgenaH³ dUecñHÉg . EmnBitsUm|IkúñgPBenaH

visuTÆimK< ERb 231

cMENkkñúgGarUb|CÄanenH GarUbsmabtíþTaMgLay RBHd*manRBH

PaKRTgRtaszaCaKuNCatminjabj&r nig CaKuNCatrYcRsLH

ehIyedayesckþIsáb eRBaHPav;énbdiXsJ¦aTaMgenaH KWRBH

eyaKIlHbg:nehIy EmnBit . dUcGaLartabskalameKaRt

cUlGarUbsmabtþi min:neXIjreTHcMnYn 500 EdlqøgkateTA

ehIyenAEk|r > nig min»TaMgsMeLgreTHenaHeT[tpg dUecñHÉg .

‘EknantþsJ¦anM Gmnsikara’

BIrbTza ²nantþsJ¦anM Gmnsikara³ esckþIza eRBaH

mineZVITukkñúgcitþnUvsJ¦aTaMgLay EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾man

PaBepSg> ß nUvsJ¦aTaMgLayEdlmansPaBepSg> . EmnBit

sJ¦aTaMgenaH KWRBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtasEvkEjkehIy kñúgviPg<

y¨agenHza ²bNþasJ¦aTaMgenaH nantþsJ¦a etIdUcemþc/ esckþI

sMKal GakarsMKal PaBénkarsMKal´ Na rbsbuK<lGñk

min:ncUlkan´ ‘rUbsmabtþi’ CaGñkRBmeRB[g edaymenaZatukþI

CaGñkRBmeRB[gedaymenaviJ¦aNZatukþI enHehAza nantþsJ¦a

‘1’ ³ dUecñHç sJ¦a EdlRBHmanRBHPaK RTgbMNgykehIy kñúg

TIenH CasJ¦ase®g<aHcUlkñúgmenaZatu ß menaviJ¦aNZatu énRBH

eyaKIGñkmin:ncUlsmabtþi rEmgRbRBwtþeTA kñúgGarmμN¾Edl

manPaBepSg> KWmansPaBepSg> EdlepSgKña edayrUb nig

sMeLgCaedIm eRBaHehtuNaç mYyeT[t sUm|IsJ¦aTaMg 44 enH

y¨agenH KW? sJ¦a Cakamavcrkusl 8 sJ¦a CaGkusl 12

1- GPiÇ viÇ PaKTI 81 TMB&rTI 287 .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 233

RBHeyaKI kalcUleTAsMercnUvQanenH eQμaHza cUleTAsMerc

ehIyenA eRBaHmineZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvnantþsJ¦aTaMgenaHhñwgÉg .

EtRBHeyaKI kaleZVITukkñúgcitþnUvnantþsJ¦aTaMgenaH eQμaHza Ca

Gñkmin:ncUlQaneT .

‘esckþIedayseg¡b’

bu¨EnþbNÐitKb|IRCab esckþIGZib|ay edayseg¡b kúñgbT

TaMgenaH za ; RBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtas nUvkarlHnUvkamavcrZ(m

TaMgBYgTaMgLay edaybTenHza ²eRBaHRbRBwtþknøg nUvrUbsJ¦a

TaMgLay³ dUecñHç RTgRtas´karlH nig karmineZVITukkñúgcitþnUvcitþ

nig ectsik EdlCakamavcrTaMgLayTaMgBYg edaybTenH za

²eRBaHdlnUvkartaMgenAmin:n énbdiXsJ¦aTaMgLay eRBaHmin

eZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvnantþsJ¦aTaMgLay³ dUecñH .

‘EkGnenþa Gakaesa’

kñúg:f;za ²GakasminmanTIbMput³ enH manviniqä&ydUct

eTAenH . TIbMputénkarekIteLIgkþI TIbMputénkarsabsUnüeTAkþI min

manR:kd dlGakasenaH eRBaHehtuenaH GakasenaH eQμaHza

minmanTIbMput . GakasCaTIebIknUvksiNelakehAzaGakas .

mYyeT[t bNÐitKb|IRCabPav;énTIminmanTIbMput kñúgGakasenaH

edayGMNacénkareZVITukkñúgcitþk*:n . eRBaHehtudUecñHÉg :nCa

RBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtasehIy kñúgviPg< za ²Pikú¡tMkl´ taMgTuk

nUvcitþ kñúgGakasenaH pSayeTAkanTIEdlminmanTIbMput eRBaH

ehtuenaH eTIbeBalza GakasminmanTIbMput³ dUecñH .

234 Garub|nieTÞs

‘EkGakasanJ©aytnM’

cMENkkñúg:f;enHza ²cUlkan´GakasanJ©aytn;sMerc

«riyabz³ manGtævieRKaHza TIbMputénGakasenaH minman eRBaH

ehtuenaH GakasenaH eQμaHza minmanTIbMput . Gakas minman

TIbMput eQμaHzaGakasminmanTIbMput . GakasminmanTIbMputhñwg

Ég eQμaHzaGakasanJ©;‘GakasminmanTIbMput’ . GakasanJ©

enaH ‘GakasminmanTIbMputenaH’ eQ μaHza Gaytn; ‘CaTIenA

GaRs&y’ edayGtæza CaTIenAGaRs&yénQanenH EdlRbkb

edaysm|yutþZm( dUcBaküza ²TICaTIenAéneTvtaTaMgLay³ dUecñH

eRBaHehtuenaH QanenaH eTIb:neQμaHza GakasanJ©aytn;

‘QanmanGakasminmanTIbMputCaTIenAGaRs&y’ . Baküza ²cUl

kan´ÇÇÇenA³ esckþIza RBHeyaKIenaH dlnUvGakasanJ©aytn;

enaHehIy KWjúaMgGakasanJ©aytn;enaHosMercehIyenA eday

Zm(CaeRK]genA eday«riyabzd*smKYr dlQanenaH .

enHCakzaedayBisþar kñúgGakasanJ©aytnkmμdðan .

‘viJ¦aNJ©aytn;’

‘197’ cMENkÉRBHeyaKI GñkR:zñaedIm|IcMerInnUvviJ¦aN-

J©aytn; Kb|ICaGñkmankarsÞatRbRBwtþehIy kñúgGakasanJ©a-

ytnsmabtþi edayGakar;TaMgLay 5 eXIjnUveTas kñúg

GakasanJ©aytn;za ²smabtþienH CasRtUvdlGrU:vcrCÄan d*

Cit nig CaKuNCatd*lÁit dUcCaviJ¦aNJ©aytn; k*eTEdr³ dUecñH

ehIy RKbsg,tnUvesckþIeBjcitþ kñúgGakasanJ©aytn;enaH

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236 Garub|nieTÞs

knøgnUvGakasanJ©aytn;³ enH manGZib|ayza sUm|IQan k*

eQμaHza GakasanJ©aytn; sUm|IGarmμN¾ k*eQμaHza Gakasa-

nJ©aytn; tamn&yEdleBalehIykñúgkalmun . BitEmnehIy

sUm|IGarmμN¾ k*eQμaHza GakasanJ©aytn; eRBaHGtævieRKaHza

²GakasminmanTIbMputpg GakasanJ©;enaH eQμaHza Gaytn;

‘TIenAGaRs&y’ eRBaHGtæzaCaTIenAGaRs&y dUcCa eTvaytn;

‘TIenAGaRs&y’ rbsBYkeTvta eRBaHGakasanJ©aytn;enaH Ca

GarmμN¾rbsGarUbCÄan TI1 pg³ dUecñH tamn&ymunnu@HÉg . n&y

mYyeT[t Garm μN¾ eQμaHza GakasanJ©aytn; eRBaHGtævieRKaH

za ²GakasanJ©;pg GakasanJ©;enaH eQμaHza Gaytn;‘CaTI

ekIt’ edayesckþIza CaTIkMeNIt dUcBaküza ²rdð kem¬aCa Ca

Gaytn;‘CaTIkMeNIt’ énesHTaMgLay³ dUecñHCaedIm eRBaHGaka-

sanJ©aytn;enaH CaTIedImkMeNIt rbsQanenaHpg³ dUecñHxøH

k*:nEdr . eRBaHviJ¦aNJ©aytn;enH RBHeyaKI RtUvRbRBwtþknøg

TaMg 2 yagenaH KWTaMgQan TaMgGarmμN¾ yagenHÉg edayeZVI

minoRbRBwtþeTA nig edaymineZVITukkñúgcitþ bu¨eNÑaH eTIbcUlkan´

viJ¦aNJ©aytn;enHehIyseRmc«riyabz eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaH

ehtuenaH Baküza ²knøgnUvGakasanJ©aytn;³ enH bNÐitKb|I

RCabza ²elakeBalehIy eZVInUvQan nig GarmμN¾TaMg 2 y¨ag

enaH cUlCamYyKña³ dUecñH .

RtgBaküza ²GnnþM viJ¦aNM³ GZib|ayza RBHeyaKIeZVITuk

kñúgcitþnUvviJ¦aNEdlRbRBwtþpSayeTA yagenHza Gakasminman

visuTÆimK< ERb 235

ehIy eZVITukkñúgcitþnUvviJ¦aNJ©aytn; edayzaCaKuNCatd*lÁit

Kb|IrMBwgemIlnUvviJ¦aNEdlRbRBwtþeTA pSayeTAkan´GakasenaH

ehIy Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ BicarNaCaer]y> za ²viJ¦aN viJ¦aN³

dUecñHehIy Kb|IeZVIoCaZmμCatKWesckþIRtiHriHsÞÜyeLIgehIy o

CaZmμCat KWesckþIKitriHrk sÞÜyeLIgehIy .

bu¨Enþ minRtUveZVITukkñúgcitþza ²minmanTIbMput minmanTIbMput³

dUecñHeT . kalRBHeyaKIenaHjúaMgcitþoRbRBwtþeTAer]y> kñúgnimitþ

enaH yagenHç nIvrN;TaMgLay k*rEmgsábrmáab sti EtgtaMg

enAs)b citþ rEmgtaMgenAmaM edayóbcar; . RBHeyaKIenaH esB

cMerIn eZVIoeRcIner]y> nUvnimitþenaH . kalRBHeyaKIenaH eZVIyag

enH viJ¦aNJ©aytncitþ rEmgEGbCit ‘CaGb|na’ kñúgviJ¦aN

EdlpSayeTAkan´Gakas dUcCaGakasanJ©aytncitþ EGbCit

kñúgGakas dUecñaHÉg .

cMENkn&yénGb|na kñúgviJ¦aNJ©aytn;enH bNiÐtKb|I

RCab tamn&yEdleBalehIy ‘kñúgGakasanJ©aytn;n@uH’ cuH .

k*edayPavnanuRkm manRbmaNbu¨eNÑH RBHeyaKIenaH KW

RBHmanRBHPaK RtasehAza ²RbRBwtþknøgnUvGakasanJ©aytn;

edayRbkarTaMgBYg ehIyeZVITukkñúgcitþ za ²viJ¦aNminmanTIbMput³

dUecñHehIycUlkanviJ¦aNJ©aytn; sMerc«riyabz³ dUecñHÉg .

‘EkGtækñúgviJ¦aNJ©aytn;’

kñúgbTTaMgenaH bTza ²edayRbkarTaMgBYg³ enHmann&y

dUceyIg:neBalmkehIyhñwgÉg . cMENkkñúgBaküza ²RbRBwtþ

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visuTÆimK< ERb 237

TIbMput dUecñHenaHÉg za ²viJ¦aN minmanTIbMput³ dUecñH . n&y

mYyeT[t viJ¦aNenaH minmanTIbMput edayGMNacénkareZVITuk

kñúgcitþ . EmnBit RBHeyaKIenaH kaleZVITukkñúgcitþnUvviJ¦aNEdl

manGakasCaGarm μN¾enaH edayminmanesssl eQμaHza eZVI

Tukkñúgcitþza ²viJ¦aNminmanTIbMput³ dUecñH . sUm|IBaküNaEdl

RBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtasehIy kñúgviPg<za; RtgBaküza ²viJ¦aN

minmanTIbMput³ KW Pikú¡ eZVITukkñúgcitþ cMeBaHGakasenaHpg Edl

BalRtUvehIy edayviJ¦aN pSayeTAkanTIminmanTIbMput eRBaH

ehtuenaH eTIbeBalza ²viJ¦aN minmanTIbMput ‘1’³ dUecñHç bTza

²viJ¦aeNn³ kñúgBaküenaH bNÐitKb|IRCabzaCa ttiyaviP&tþi ‘eRbI’

kñúgGtæ énTutiyaviP&tþi . eRBaHRBHGdðkzacarüTaMgLay BN(na

nUvesckþIénbTenaH yagenHÉg . manGZib|ayza ²RBHeyaKI

enaH pSayeTA KWeZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvviJ¦aNEdlBalRtUvnUvGakas

enaHÉg EdlminmanTIbMput³ .

cMENkkñúgbTmatikaza ²cUldlviJ¦aNJ©aytn; sMerc

«riyabz³ enH manGtævieRKaHza ²TIbMput énviJ¦aNenaH minman

eRBaHehtuenaH viJ¦aNenaH eQμaHza minmanTIbMput . viJ¦aN

minmanTIbMputenaHÉg eQμaHza GanJ©; . elakmin:neBal za

²viJ¦aN CaGanJ©; eQμaHza viJ¦aNanJ©;³ dUecñH ‘Et’ eBalza

²viJ¦aNJ©;³ dUecñHvij . enHÉg Cas&BÞpuseLIg kñúgGtæenH .

viJ¦aNJ©;enaH eQμaHzaGaytn; edayesckþIzaCaTIenAGaRs&y

1- GPiÇ viÇ PaKTI 81 TMB&rTI 288 .

238 Garub|nieTÞs

énQanenaH EdlRbkbRBmehIyedaysm|yutþZm( dUcBaküza

eTvsæan rbseTvtaTaMgLay eRBaHehtuenaH QanenaH eTIb

eQμaHza viJ¦aNJ©aytn; ‘Qan manviJ¦aN minmanTIbMput Ca

TIenAGaRs&y’ . Baküd*ess mann&ydUcBN(na munhñwgÉg .

enHCakzaedayBisþar kñúgviJ¦aNJ©aytnkmμdðan .

‘GakiJ©J¦aytn;’

‘198’ ÉRBHeyaKIGñkR:zñaedIm|IcMerInnUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;

Kb|ICaGñkmankarRbRBwtþisÞat kñúgviJ¦aNJ©aytnsmabtþi eday

Gakar;TaMgLay 5 ehIyeXIjnUveTas kñúgviJ¦aNJ©aytn; za

²smabtþienH mansRtUvKWGakasanJ©aytn;d*Cit nig minlÁit

dUcCaGakiJ©J¦aytn;eT³dUecñHehIy RKbsg,tnUvesckþIeBjcitþ

kñúgviJ¦aNJ©aytn;enaH eZVITukkñúgcitþnUvGakiJ©J¦aytn; eday

za CaZmμCatd*lÁit ehIyeZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvkarminman nUvPaBesaH

sUnü nUvGakar;EdlTeT énkardwgkñúgGakasanJ©aytn; Edl

CaGarmμN¾énviJ¦aNJ©aytn;enaHÉg . sYrza Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ

y¨agdUcemþc / . eqøIyza minRtUveZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvviJ¦aNenaHeT

Kb|InwkrMBwg eZVITukkñúgcitþ BicarNa za ²minman minman³ ß za

²esaHsUnü esaHsUnü³ ß za ²sáat sáat³ dUecñH er]y> Kb|IeZVI

Tukkñúgcitþ oCaZmμCatKWesckþIRtiHriHsÞÜyeLIgehIy oCaZmμCat

KWesckþIriHKitsÞÜyeLIgehIy . kalRBHeyaKIenaH júaMgcitþo

RbRBwtþeTAer]y> kñúgnimitþenaH yagenHç nIvrN;TaMgLayk*rEmg

sábrmáab sti k*taMgenAs)b citþ rEmgtaMgenAmaM edayóbcar; .

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240 Garub|nieTÞs

k*edayPavnanuRkmmanRbmaNbu¨eNÑH RBHeyaKIenaH RBH

manRBHPaK RTgRtasehAza ²RbRBwtþknøg nUvviJ¦aNJ©aytn;

edayRbkarTaMgBYg eZVITukkñúgcitþza ²minmanGVItictYceLIy³ cUl

kan´GakiJ©J¦aytn; seRmc«riyabz³ dUecñH .

‘EkGtækñúgGakiJ©J¦aytn;’

sUm|IkñúgTIenH Baküza ²sBVesa³ k*mann&ydUcBN(namk

ehIyenaHEdr . k*kñúgbTza ²viJ¦aNJ©aytnM³ enHÉg :ndl´

TaMgQan TaMgGarmμN¾ EdlCaviJ¦aNJ©aytn; mann&yEdl

eBalmkehIy kñúgkalmundUcKñaEdr . EmnBit sUm|IGarmμN¾ k*

eQμaHza viJ¦aNJ©aytn; eRBaHGtævieRKaHza ²viJ¦aN minmanTI

bMputpg viJ¦aNJ©;enaH eQμaHza Gaytn; edayesckþIza CaTI

enAGaRs&y dUcBaküza eTvsæan ‘TIenAGaRs&y’ rbs´eTvtaTaMg

Lay eRBaHviJ¦aNJ©;enaH CaGarm μN¾ rbsGarUb|CÄan TIBIrpg³

dUecñH tamn&ymunenaHÉg . n&ymYyEbbeT[t Garm μN¾k*eQμaHza

viJ¦aNJ©aytn; eRBaHGtævieRKaHza ²viJ¦aNJ©;pg viJ¦NJ©;

enaH eQμaHza CaGaytn;edayesckþIzaCaTIkMeNIt dUcBaküza

Ednkem¬aCa CaGaytn; ‘KWTIkMeNIt’ rbsesHTaMgLay dUecñH

CaedIm eRBaHviJ¦aNJ©;enaH CaehtuCaTIkMeNIt rbs´QanenaH

dUcKñaEdr³ dUecñHk*:n . GakiJ©J¦aytn;enH KWRBHeyaKIRtUvknøg

TaMg 2 yagenaH KWTaMgQan TaMgGarmμN¾ yagenH edaykarmin

eZVI ‘nUvviJ¦aNJ©aytn;enaH’ oRbRBwtþeTApg edaykarmineZVITuk

kñúgcitþ ‘nUvviJ¦aNJ©aytn;enaH’ pg bu¨eNÑaH eTIbcUleTAsMerc

visuTÆimK< ERb 239

RBHeyaKIenaH esB cMerIn eZVIoeRcIner]y> nUvnimitþenaH . kal

RBHeyaKIenaH eZVIy¨agenHç GakiJ©J¦aytncitþ rEmgEGbCit kñúg

PaBesaHsUnü PaBsáat ß PaBminman énmhK<tviJ¦aN Edl

RbRBwtþpSayeTAkanGakasenaHÉg dUcCaviJ¦aNJ©aytn; ‘citþ’

EGbEnb kñúgmhK<tviJ¦aN EdlpSayeTAkanGakas .

cMENkn&yénGb|na sUm|IkñúgGakiJ©J¦aytn;enH bNÐit

Kb|IRCabtamn&yEdleBalehIyn@uHÉg . EtenHCan&yviess .

EmnBit kalebIGb|nacitþenaH ekIteLIgehIyç Pikú¡enaH eXIjnUv

viJ¦aN ‘esckþIdwgc|as’ EdlRbRBwtþeTA BÆd*Gakas edayckú¡

KWviJ¦aNJ©aytnCÄan kñúgkalmunç kalebIesckþIdwgc|asenaH

rlt:teTAehIyç edaykareZVITukkñúgcitþnUvbrikmμza ²minman min

man³ dUecñHCaedIm k*eXIjEtPaBminman eBalKWkiriyaeTAR:s

énesckþIdwgc|asenaHEtbu¨eNÑaH seRmc«riyabz eRb[bdUcburs

eXIjnUvPikú¡sg¹EdlRbCMuKña edaykrNIykic©NamYy kñúgTITaMg

Lay manTImNÐlCaedIm ehIyk*eTAkñúgTIÉNamYyç kñúgeBl

Edlcbkic©RbCMuhñwgÉg kalebIPikú¡TaMgLay eRkakeLIgehIy

ec[secjeTAç k*mkvij QrRtg´TVar emIlnUvTIenaHeT[t k*eXIj

EtPaBsUnü eXIjEtPaBsáatQwgbueNÑaHç esckþInwkKit Ebb

enH minman dlbursenaH za ²søabehIy! BYkPikú¡ manRbmaN

bu¨eNÑH eZVIkalkiriyaehIy ß ec[secjeTA:tGsehIy³ dUecñH

ebItamBiteTA bursenaH eXIjnUvPaBminman za ²TIenHsUnü TIenH

sáatQwg³ Etbu¨eNÑaH yagdUecñaHÉg .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 241

sRmanþenA:n eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH Baküza ²RbRBwtþ

knøgnUvviJ¦aNJ©aytn;³ enH bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²elakeBal

rYmykQan nig Garm μN¾ TaMg 2 y¨agenaH cUlCamYyKña³ .

Baküza ²ntiæ kiJ©i³ n@uH manGZib|ayza eZVITukkñúgcitþ

y¨agenH za ²minman minman³ za ²esaHsUnü esaHsnü³ za

²sáat sáat³ dUecñH . sUm|IBaküNa EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTg

Rtas´ehIy kñúgviPg< za ; RtgbTza ²vtæútictYc minman³ KW Pikú¡

eZVIviJ¦aNenaHÉgminoman eZVIoR:scakeTA eZVIo:tviJ¦aN

enaHeTA rEmgeXIj za ²vtæútictYc minman³ eRBaHehtuenaH eTIb

eBalza ²vtæútictYc minman ‘1’ ³ dUecñH . BaküenaH hakdUcCa

elakeBalehIy nUvkarBicarNa edaykiriyaGseTA k*BitEmn

ebITukCadUecñaH esckþIénBaküenaH bNÐitKb|Iyl dUc:neBal

mkehIy yagenHÉg . eRBaHza kalRBHeyaKI minnwkrMBwg min

eZVITukkñúgcitþ minBicarNa nUvviJ¦aNenaH eZVITukkñúgcitþEtPaBmin

man PaBesaHsUnü PaBsáatQwg énviJ¦aNenaHEtmüagbueNÑaH

eTIbelakehAza eZVIminoman eZVIoR:scakeTA eZVIo:tGs´

eTAç minEmn edayRbkar;déTeLIy³ dUecñH .

ÉkñúgBaküza ²cUlkan´GakiJ©J¦aytn; seRmc«riyabz³ enH manvieRKaHza ²GVItictYc énviJ¦aNenaH minman eRBaHehtu

enaH viJ¦aNenaH eQμaHza minmanGVItictYc³ . GZib|ayza ²GVI

Edlesssl énviJ¦aNenaH edayTIbMputeTA sUm|IRtwmEtkar

1- GPiÇ viÇ PaKTI 81 TMB&rTI 289 .

242 Garub|nieTÞs

rlt k*minmanEdr³ . Pav; énGakiJ©n; eQμaHza GakiJ©J¦; .

BaküenH CaeQμaH énkarR:scakénviJ¦aN kñúgGakasanJ©a-

ytn; . GakiJ©J¦;enaH eQμaHza Gaytn; edayesckþIza CaTI

enAGaRs&y énQanenaH dUcCaBaküza eTvsæan rbseTvtaTaMg

Lay eRBaHehtuenaH QanenaH eTIbeQμaHza GakiJ©J¦aytn;

‘QanmanPaBminmanénviJ¦aNGVItictYcCaTIenAGaRs&y’ . Bakü

d*ess k*manesckþIdUcBakümunenaHEdr .

enHCakzaedayBisþar kñúgGakiJ©J¦aytnkmμdðan .

‘envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;’

‘199’ cMENkRBHeyaKavcr GñkR:zñaedIm|IcMerIn nUvenv-

sJ¦anasJ¦aytn; Kb|ICaGñkmankarsÞatRbRBwtþeTAehIy kñúg

GakiJ©J¦aytnsmabtþi edayGakarTaMgLay 5 eXIjnUveTas

kñúgGakiJ©J¦aytn; yagdUecñH za ²smabtþienH mansRtUv KW

viJ¦aNJ©aytn;d*Cit nig minlÁit dUcCaenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;

eT³ dUecñH ß ‘eXIj’ za ²sJ¦a dUcCaeraKç sJ¦a dUcCabUsç

sJ¦a dUcCakUnsrç ZmμCatnu@H lÁitç ZmμCatnu@H RbNItç ZmμCat

nu@HKWGVI/ ZmμCatnu@H KWenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;³ dUecñH nig ‘eXIj’

nUvGanisgS kñúgKuNEdlx¬gx¬s ‘kñúgGarUbCÄanTI4’ ehIyRKb

sg,tnUvesckþIeBjcitþ kñúgGakiJ©J¦aytn; eRscehIy eZVITuk

kñúgcitþ nUvenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytn; edayzaCaZm(d*lÁit Kb|Inwk

rMBwgnUvGakiJ©J¦aytnsmabtþiEdleZVIPaBminmanoCaGarm μN¾

RbRBwtþeTAenaHÉg Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ Kb|IBicarNa Caer]y> za

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244 Garub|nieTÞs

Baküza eTvaytn; rbseTvtaTaMgLay eRBaHGakiJ©;enaH Ca

GarmμN¾ rbsGarUb|CÄan TI 3 pg³ dUecñH tamn&ymunenaHÉg .

mYyeT[t Garm μN¾ eQμaHza GakiJ©J¦aytn; eRBaHGtævieRKaHza

²GakiJ©; pg GakiJ©; enaH eQμaHza Gaytn; ‘TIkMeNIt’ eday

esckþIza CaTIkMeNIt dUcCaBaküza ²rdð kem¬aCa CaGaytn; ‘KW

TIkMeNIt’ rbsesHTaMgLay³ dUecñHCaedIm eRBaHGakiJ©;enaHCa

ehtuedImkMeNIt énQanenaHÉg pg³ dUecñH k*:n . envsJ¦a-

nasJ¦aytn;enH KWRBHeyaKI Kb|IknøgTaMg 2 yagenaH KWTaMg

QanTaMgGarmμN¾y¨agenH edayeZVImino ‘GakiJ©J¦aytn;enaH’

RbRBwtþeTA nig edaykarmineZVITukkñúgcitþ ‘nUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;’ Et

bu¨eNÑaH ehIyKb|IcUleTA seRmc«riyabz:n eRBaHehtuNaç

eRBaHehtuenaH Baküza ²RbRBwtþknøg nUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;³ enH

bNÐitKb|IRCabza elakeBalehIy eRBaHrYmykTaMgQan nig

GarmμN¾ TaMg 2 yagnu@H cUlCamYyKña ³ dUecñH .

cMENkkñúgbTza ²envsJ¦anasJ¦aytnM³ enH GZib|ay

za ²QanenH eQμaHza envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn; eRBaHman én

sJ¦aNa sJ¦aenaH rEmgman dlRBHeyaKI GñkRbtibtþiy¨ag

Na kñúgviPg< edIm|IsMEdgnUvesckþIRbtibtþirbs´RBHeyaKIenaH mun

eTIbelakelIkeLIg za ²envsJ¦InasJI¦³ dUecñHehIy eBalza

²RBHeyaKIenaH eZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;enaHÉg edayza

CaZm(lÁit cMerInsmabtþimansg¡arslenA eRBaHehtuenaH eTIb

elakeBalza ²envsJ¦InasJ¦I³ . kñúgBaküTaMgenaH Baküza

visuTÆimK< ERb 243

²lÁit lÁit³ dUecñH Kb|IeZVIoCaZmμCat KWesckþIRtiHriHsÞÜyeLIg

ehIy oCaZmμCat KWesckþIriHKitsÞÜyeLIgehIy . kalRBH

eyaKIenaHjúaMgcitþoRbRBwtþeTA kñúgnimitþenaH Caer]y> yagenHç

nIvrN;TaMgLay rEmgsábrmáab sti k*taMgenAs)b citþ k*rEmg

taMgenAmaM edayóbcar; . RBHeyaKIenaH esB cMerIn eZVIoeRcIn

nUvnimitþenaH er]y> . kalRBHeyaKIenaH eZVIy¨agenHç envsJ¦a-

nasJ¦aytncitþ rEmgEGbCit ‘CaGb|na’ kñúgxnÆTaMgLay 4

eBalKWGakiJ©J¦aytnsmabtþi dUcCaGakiJ©J¦aytn;‘citþ’ EGb

Cit kñúgkareTAR:sénviJ¦aN dUecñaHÉg . cMENkn&yénGb|na

kñúgGZikarenH bNÐitKb|IRCab tamn&yEdleBalehIyenaHcuH .

k*edayPavnanuRkmmanRbmaNbu¨eNÑH RBHeyaKIenaH KW

RBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtasehAza ²RbRBwtþknøg nUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;

edayRbkarTaMgBYg ehIycUlkanenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytn; ehIy

seRmc«riyabz³ dUecñH .

‘EkGtækñúgenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;’

sUm|IkñúgTIenH bTza ²sBVesa³ enH k*mann&ydUceBal

mkehIyhñwgÉg . sUm|IkñúgBaküza ²GakiJ©J¦aytnM smtik,ma³ enH k*sMedAykTaMgQan TaMgGarmμN¾ EdlCaGakiJ©J¦aytn;

tamn&yEdl:neBalmkehIy kñúgkalmunenaHÉg . BitEmn

ehIy sUm|IGarmμN¾ k*eQμaHza GakiJ©J¦aytn; eRBaHGtævieRKaH

za ²GakiJ©; ‘viJ¦aN minmanGVItictYc’ pg GakiJ©;enaH eQμaHza

Gaytn; ‘TIenAGaRs&y’ edayesckþIza CaTIenAGaRs&y dUcCa

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visuTÆimK< ERb 245

²eZVITukkñúgcitþ edayzaCaZm(lÁit³ enaH esckþIza eZVITukkñúgcitþ nUv

GakiJ©aytn;enaH za ²Casmabtþid*lÁit³ eRBaHmanGarmμN¾d*lÁit

y¨agenHza ²smabtþienH lÁitGVIemø¨HeThñ@! emIlcuH smabtþiNaeTA

nwgeZVIsUm|InUvPaBminmanoCaGarmμN¾ ehIytaMgenA:n³ dUecñH .

ebImanBaküsYrza ²RBHeyaKI eZVITukkñúgcitþ edayzaCaZ(m

d*lÁit esckþIRbRBwtþiknøg Etgman yagdUcemþc/³ . Kb|IeqøIyza

²esckþIRbRBwtþiknøg Etgman eRBaHPav;énRBHeyaKIenaH CaGñkmin

R:zñaedIm|InwgcUl ‘GakiJ©J¦aytn;enaH’³ . EmnBit RBHeyaKI

enaH eZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;enaH edayzaCaZm(lÁit k*

BitEmnehIy ebITukCadUecñaH karnwkKit karrYbrYmcitþ kareZVITukkñúg

citþ za ²GatμaGj nwgrMBwgKit GatμaGj nwgcUl GatμaGj nwg

GZidðan GatμaGjnwgecj GatμaGjnwgBicarNa nUvsmabtþin@uH³

dUecñHenH minmandlRBHeyaKIenaHeT . sYrza ²eRBaHehtuGVI/³ .

eqøIyza ²eRBaHPav;énenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytn; lÁitCag RbNIt

CagGakiJ©J¦aytn;³ . eRb[bóbmadUcCaRBHraCa RTgKgelI-k

dMrId*RbesIr esþcyageTAelIzñl´ kñúgRBHnKr edayRBHraCanuPaB

d*eRcIn RTgTtRBHenRteXIj nUvCagGñkmansil|;TaMgLay man

CagqøakPøúkCaedIm kMBugEtesø{ksMBtmYy yagENnehIy yk

sMBtmYyCYtk|al manxøÜnRbLakRbLÚs edaykMeTcTaMgLay

mankMeTcPøúkCaedIm ehIyeZVInUvsil|;TaMgLayCaeRcIn manrcna

PøúkeZVICarUbepSg> CaedIm ehIyRTgeBjRBHT&y kñúgesckþIeqø{v

qøatrbs´CagTaMgenaH edayRtas´bJ¢ayagenHza ²EnevIuy! Ohñ@!

246 Garub|nieTÞs

GacarüTaMgLay CaGñkqøatEmnETn eZVInUvsil|;y¨agenH «tman

TaseLIy³ dUecñH EtRBHraCtRmiH yagdUecñH za ²Ohñ@ GatμaGj

lHbgraCsm|tþi ehIyeZVICaCagsil|;EbbenH³ dUecñH minman

dlRBHraCaenaHeT . enaHeRBaHehtuGVI/ . eRBaHsirIraCsm|tþiman

KuNeRcInCag . RBHGg<RTgknøg nUvCagsil|;TaMgLayehIy k*

esþcyageTAbu¨eNÑaHÉg yagNamijç ÉxagRBHeyaKIenH k*y¨ag

dUecñaHEdr eZVITukkñúgcitþnUvsmabtþienaH edayzaCaZm(d*lÁit k*Bit

EmnehIy ebITukCadUecñaH karnwkKit karrYbrYmcitþ kareZVITukkñúgcitþ

za ²GatμaGjnwgrMBwgKit GatμaGjnwgcUl GatμaGjnwgGZidðan

GatμaGjnwgecj GatμaGjnwgBicarNa nUvsmabtþinu@H³ dUecñHenH

minmaneLIydlRBHeyaKIenaH . RBHeyaKIenaH kaleZVITukkñúgcitþ

nUvsmabtþienaH edayzaCaZm(d*lÁit tamn&ydUc:neBalehIy

kñúgkalmunhñwgÉg eTIb:ndlnUvsJ¦a EdldlnUvGb|nad*lÁit

suxuméRkElgenaH CasJ¦aEdlCaehtuo:neQμaHza envsJ¦I-

nasJ¦I elakehAza ²cMerInnUvsmabtþi mansg¡arslenA ³ .

Baküza ²sg¡aravesssmabtþw³ KW GarUb|smabtþi 4

Edlmansg¡ardlnUvPaBsuxuméRkElg .

‘200’ kñúgkal«LÚvenH QanenHÉNa EdlelakehAza

²envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;³ dUecñH edayGMNacénsJ¦a EdlRBH

eyaKI:nseRmcyagenH edIm|IsMEdgnUvQanenaH edayesckþI

eTIbRBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtasza ; Rtg´bTza ²envsJ¦anasJ¦a-ytnM³ :ndl BYkZm( KW citþ nig ectsik rbsbuK<lGñkcUl

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248 Garub|nieTÞs

envsJ¦anasJ¦apg envsJ¦anasJ¦aenaH eQμaHza Gaytn;

eRBaHesckþIza CaTIenAGaRs&y rbsZm( d*essTaMgLaypg

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn; .

k*kñúgGarUb|CÄan TI4 enH sJ¦a R:kddUecñH Etmüag k*min

EmnEdr . tamBiteTA sUm|IevTna CaevTnak*minEmn minEmnCa

evTnak*minEmnç sUm|Icitþ Cacitþk*minEmn minEmnCacitþk*minEmnç

sUm|IpsS; CapsS; k*minEmn minEmnCapsS; k*minEmn . kñúg

sm|yutþZm( d*essTaMgLay k*n&yenHEdr . k*RBHZm(eTsna

enH bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´eZVIehIy edayelIk

yksJ¦aCaRbZan³ . mYyeT[t esckþIenH bNÐitKb|IBRgIk o

viess edayóbmaTaMgLay taMgGMBIer]geRbglab:Rt dUecñH .

:n»mkza sameNr ykeRbglab:RtehIy k*tMkl´

Tuk . kñúgeBlqanbbr RBHezr; k*R:bosameNrenaHyk:Rt

mkRbeKn . sameNrenaH TUlza ²bBiRtRBHKuNm©asd*cMerIn!

kñúg:Rt maneRbg³ . kñúgeBlenaH kalebIRBHezr; eBalza

²EnsameNr GñkcUrnaMykmkç xMú\nwgdakRteLakeRbg oeBj³

dUecñHehIyç sameNr k*TUlza ²bBiRtRBHKuNm©asd*cMerIn eRbg

minmaneT³ .

kñúgBakü rbssameNrenaH Baküza ²eRbgman³ dUecñH

k*RtUv edayesckþIza ‘eRbgenaH’ minKYr CamYynwgbbreT eRBaH

‘eRbg’manenAxagkñúg‘:Rt’ç Baküza²minman³k*RtUv edayGMNac

énkic©karepSg> mankarEzmRteLakeRbgCaedIm y¨agNamijç

visuTÆimK< ERb 247

kan´envsJ¦anasJ¦aytnCÄankþI rbsbuK<lGñkRbkb ‘eday

envsJ¦anasJ¦aytnCÄan’ kþI rbsbuK<lGñkenACasux kñúg

bc©úb|nñ ‘edayenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytnCÄan’kþI ‘1’ ³ dUecñH . kñúg buK<lTaMg 3 BYkenaH BYkZm( KWcitþ nig ectsik rbsbuK<lGñk

cUlkan ‘envsJ¦anasJ¦aytnCÄan’ elakGZib|ayehIy

kñúgGZikarenH .

ÉesckþIénBakü kñúgBaküza ²envsJ¦anasJ¦aytnM³ nu@H bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²QanenaH EdlRbkbRBmedaysm|yutþZ(m

eQμaHza mansJ¦ak*minEmn minmansJ¦ak*minEmn edayBit

eRBaHminmansJ¦ad*eRKatRKat nig eRBaHmanEtsJ¦ad*lÁit eRBaH

ehtuenaH QanenaH eTIbeQμaHza envsJ¦anasJ¦; ‘Qanmin

mansJ¦ak*minEmn minmansJ¦ak*minEmn’ . envsJ¦anasJ¦;

‘Qan’ pg envsJ¦anasJ¦; ‘Qan’ enaH eQμaHza Gaytn;

eRBaHrabbJ©Úlkñúgmnaytn; nig Zmμaytn; pg eRBaHehtuenaH

QanenaH eTIbeQμaHzaenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;‘Gaytn;KWQan

mansJ¦ak*minEmn minmansJ¦ak*minEmn’³ dUecñH . mYyeT[t

kñúgGarUb|CÄan TI 4 enaH sJ¦aenH ÉNa sJ¦aenaH eQμaHza Ca

sJ¦a k*minEmnBit eRBaHsJ¦aenaH minmansmtæPaB edIm|IeZVInUv

sJ¦akic© ‘muxnaTIénsJ¦a’ d*CakEsþg:n eQμaHza minEmnCa

sJ¦a k*minEmn eRBaHCaZmμCatEdlman edayPav;énsg¡arEdl

slenAd*suxum eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza envsJ¦anasJ¦a .

1- GPiÇ viÇ PaKTI 81 TMB&rTI 291 .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 249

sUm|IsJ¦aenH k*yagdUecñaHEdr eQμaHzasJ¦a k*minEmnBit eRBaH

minGacedIm|IeZVI nUvsJ¦akic© d*CakEsþg:n eQμaHza minEmnCa

sJ¦a k*minEmn eRBaHCaZmμCatEdlman edayPav;énsg¡arEdl

slenA d*suxum .

sYrza ²k*sJ¦akic©kñúgBaküenHKWGVI/³ . eqøIyza ²sJ¦akic©

enaH KWkarcaM:nnUvGarmμN¾ 1 karcUldlPaBCavis&y‘Garm μN¾’

énvibsSna ehIyjúaMgesckþIen]yNay oekIteLIg 1 . k*

sJ¦aenaH sUm|Ikic©KWkarcaM:n ‘nUvGarmμN¾’ k*minGacedIm|IeZVI o

Cakc|as´:n eRb[bdUcCaZatuePøIg kñúgTwkekþA minGaceZVIkic©KWkar

duteqH:neLIy yagenaHÉg . sUm|IkarcUldlPaBCavis&y

énvibsSnaehIy júaMgniBViTaoekIteLIg dUcCasJ¦a kñúgsmabtþi

d*essTaMgLay k*minGacedIm|IeZVI:nEdr . eRBaHza Pikú¡CaGñk

min:neZVIGPinievs ‘KWvibsSna’ kñúgxnÆTaMgLayÉeT[t ehIy

eQμaHza CaGñkGacedIm|IBicarNa nUvenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytnk¡nÆ

TaMgLayehIy :nseRmcdlniBViTa rEmgminman . eGIEmn!

k*manEtRBHsarIbuRtd*manGayu ß elakGñkmanbJ¦aeRcIn CaGñk

EdlBicarNaeXIjc|as´tamRbRktI dUcCaRBHsarIbuRthñwgÉg

eTIbGac ‘BicarNanUvenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytnxnÆehIyeZVIosMerc

dlniBViTa:n’ . sUm|IRBHsarIbuRtenaH k*Gac ‘eZVI:n’ eday

GMNacénkarBicarNaCaklab ‘KWRkum’ Etbu¨eNÑaH minGac ‘eZVI’

edayGMNacénkarBicarNaeXIjZm( tamlMdabbT:neT eRBaH

elakyleXIjza ²:n»za Zm(TaMgLayenH yagdUecñHÉg KW

250 Garub|nieTÞs

minmank*rEmgman manehIyk*R:kdc|as³ dUecñH . smabtþienH

dlehIy nUvesckþIlÁitsuxum edayRbkardUecñHÉg . mYyeT[t

esckþIenH bNÐitKb|IeZVIoviess sUm|IedayóbmaedayTwkelI

pøÚv dUcCaóbmaedayeRbglab:Rt y¨agenaHk*:nEdr .

:n»mkza sameNr nimnþeTAxagmuxRBHezr; Edlnimnþ

elIpøÚv eXIjnUvTwkbnþic k*TUlza ²bBiRtRBHKuNm©asd*cMerIn Twk

sUmRBHKuNm©asedaHnUvEs|keCIgecj³ . lMdabenaH kalebI

RBHezr;eBal za ²EnsameNr ebITwkmanç cUrGñknaMyksMBt

sMrabRsgTwkmk x\úMnwgRsgTwk³ dUecñHç sameNr TUlza ²bBiRt

RBHKuNm©asd*cMerIn TwkminmaneT³ .

kñúgBaküsameNrenaH Baküza ²Twkman³ k*RtUv eRBaH

esckþIzaRtwmEtTTwkEs|keCIg Baküza ²Twkminman³ k*RtUv eRBaH

esckþIza‘Twkminmanlμmnwg’ gUt:n yagNamijç sUm|IsJ¦a

enaH k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr eQμaHza CasJ¦a k*minEmn eRBaHminGac

edIm|IeZVInUvsJ¦akic© d*Cakc|as:n eQμaHza minEmnCasJ¦a k*

minEmn eRBaHCaZmμCatman edayPav;énsg¡arEdlslenA d*

lÁitsuxum . k*esckþIenH bNÐitKb|IeZVIoviess edayóbmaTaMg

LayenHÉg Etmüag min:neLIy Kb|IeZVIoviess edayóbma

TaMgLaydéTeT[t EdlsmKYr k*:nEdr .

Baküza ²cUleTAkan´ÇÇÇseRmc«riyabz³ enH mann&ydUc

eBalmkehIyhñwgÉg .

enHCakza edayBisþar kñúgenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytnkmμdðan .

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252 Garub|nieTÞs

kñúgGarUb|smabtþienH smabtþiTaMgLay xag eRkay> rEmgRbNItlÁCag ‘smabtþiedIm>’ bNiÐtKb|IRCab‘er]g’ épÞR:saT nig sMBt´ Ca óbma kñúgesckþIRbNItlÁCagKñaenaH .

dUcCa BÆd*épÞeRkaménR:saT Edlman 4 Can´ kamKuN

TaMgLay 5 EdlRbNIt edayGMNacénkarbeRmI mankiriyaraM

eRc[gç karRbKMudUrt®nþIç eRK]gRkGUbç p,akRmgç ePaCnç TIedk nig

eRK]gesø{kBakEdlCaTiBVCaedIm Kb|ICarbs´EdltaMgTukehIyç

kñúgCan´TI 2 bJ©kamKuN RbNItCagCaneRkamenaHç kñúgCanTI 3

RbNItCagCan´TI 2 enaHç kñúgCan´TI 4 RbNItCageKTaMgGsç

kñúgesckþIóbmaenaH CanTaMgLay 4 enaH KWCaépÞR:saThñwgÉgç

esckþIEbøkKña edayPaBCaépÞR:saT énCanTaMg 4 enaH minman

k*BitEmnehIy TukCayagdUecñaH Can´xagelI> CaCanRbNItCag

Can´xageRkam > edaymanesckþIbribUN( énbJ©kamKuNEbøkKña

y¨agNamijç mYyeT[t sMBt Tmán´4 bl;ç Tmán´3 bl;ç Tmán

2 bl; Tmán´1 bl; énGMe:HEdleRKIm mt m¨tCag mtCageK

TaMgGs Edl®sþImñak´révehIy Kb|ICasMBtEdlmanxñatesμIKña

TaMgbeNþayTaMgTTwgç kñúgesckþIóbmaenaH sMBtTaMgLay 4

enaH manxñatesμIKña TaMgbeNþayTaMgTTwgç esckþIEbøkKña eday

xñat énsMBtTaMg 4 enaH minman k*BitEmnehIy EtebITukCa

dUecñaH sMBteRkay> CasMBtRbNItCagsMBtmun> edayman

visuTÆimK< ERb 251

bkiNÑkkza

‘201’ RBHnaz;RTg´manRBHrUbminmanbuK<leRb[b pÞwmesμI:n RTg´Rtas´nUvGarUb|; 4 Rbkar ÉNaç bNÐit:nRCabnUvGarUb|; 4 enaH y¨agenHehIy RtUvdwgc|as´bkiNÑkkza kñúgGarUb|;enaHeT[tpg.

EmnBit GarUb|smabtþiTaMgLay enH sUm|Iman 4 edaykarRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGarmμN¾ ‘Et’ GñkR:C\TaMgLayminR:zñanUvkarRbRBwtþiknøg nUvGg< énsmabtþiTaMgLayenaHeT .

EmnBit GarUb|smabtþiTaMgLayenH bNÐitKb|IRCabza

sUm|Iman 4 edaykarRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGarmμN¾ edayRbkarTaMgBYg

KW kñúgsmabtþiTaMg 4 enaH smabtþi TI1 man edaykarRbRBwtþi

knøgnUvrUbnimitþ TI 2 edaykarRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGakas TI3 eday

karRbRBwtþiknøgnUvviJ¦aNEdlRbRBwtþeTA kñúgGakas TI 4 eday

karRbRBwtþiknøgnUvkareTAR:sénviJ¦aNEdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgGakas

EtbNÐitTaMgLay minR:zña nUvkarRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGg< énsmabtþi

TaMgLayenaHeT . eRBaHza karRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGg< kñúgsmabtþiTaMg

LayenaH Etgman dUcCakñúgrU:vcrsmabtþiTaMgLay k*eTEdr .

BitEmnehIy kñúgsmabtþiTaMgLayenaH sUm|IRKby¨ag manEt

Gg<Qan 2 y¨agbu¨eNÑaH KW óebk¡a 1 cietþkK<ta 1 .

sUm|IkalebIehtudUecñaH manBitEmn .

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254 Garub|nieTÞs

nig bursEdlGaRs&ynUvbursCabmNÐbenaHç bursTaMg 2 nak

enaH lM:kehIyç ÉkarZøakcuHeTA kñúgeRCaHénmNÐb nwgman dl´

bursTaMg 2 nakenaH eT[gTatNasç eNØIycuH GatμaGj Qr

enAxageRkAenH:nehIy³ dUecñH . bursenaH minGaRs&ynUvburs

EdlGaRs&ynUvbursxagedImenaHeT k*:nQrenAehIy BÆd*xag

eRkAhñwgÉg . RKaenaH RsabEtbursmñakeT[tmk sMKalnUvburs

EdlKitnUvesckþIminekSmkSanþ énbursEdlCab kñúgmNÐl nig

bursEdlGaRs&y nUvbursGñkCabmNÐbenaHpg ehIyQrenA

xageRkAhñwgÉgQrenAyaglÁ eTIbGaRs&y nUvbursEdlQr

enAxageRkAenaH :nQrenAehIy .

GakasRtgTIEdlksiNebIk bNÐitKb|IeXIj odUcCa

mNÐb kñúgTIEdlminsÁat kñúgóbmaenaH . GakasanJ©aytn;

EdlmanGakasCaGarmμN¾ eRBaHex¬ImreGImnUvrUbnimitþ bNÐitKb|I

eXIjza dUcCabursEdlCabmNÐb eRBaHex¬ImTIEdlminsÁat .

viJ¦aNJ©aytn; EdlR:rBÆ nUvGakasanJ©aytn; Edlman

GakasCaGarm μN¾ ehIyRbRBwtþeTA bNÐitKb|IeXIjza dUcCa

bursEdlGaRs&y nUvbursEdlCabmNÐb . GakiJ©J¦aytn;

EdlmineZVI nUvGakasanJ©aytn; oCaGarmμN¾ manPaBminman

viJ¦aNenaHCaGarm μN¾ bNÐitKb|IeXIjza dUcCabursEdlKitnUv

esckþIminekSmkSanþ énbursTaMg 2 nakenaH eTIbminGaRs&ynUv

bursEdlCabmNÐbenaH ehIyk*:nmkQrenAxageRkA . env-

sJ¦anasJ¦aytn; EdlR:rBÆ nUvGakiJ©J¦aytn; EdlfitenA

visuTÆimK< ERb 253

smäsSTnélμ mansacmt nig mantémøeRcIn y¨agNaç sUm|I

kñúgGarUb|smabtþiTaMg 4 k*manGg< 2 enH dUcKñaEdr KWóebk¡a 1

cietþkK<ta 1 k*BitEmn ebITukCadUecñaH bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²kñúg

smabtþienH smabtþixageRkay> CasmabtþiRbNItlÁCag eRBaH

Pav;énsmabtþienaHRbNIt nigRbNItCagGg<TaMgLayenaHeday

esckþIviessénPavna k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr³ . k*GarUb|smabtþiTaMg

nu@H CasmabtþiRbNIt nig RbNItCag edaylMdab dUecñHÉg .

‘GarUb|; 4 óbmaedayburs 4 nak’

bursmñak´Cab´eTIr Rtg´TImNÐbEdlminsÁat burs mñak´eT[tGaRs&ynUvbursmñak´enaHç bursdéTeT[t minGaRs&ybursenaHeT ‘QrenA’ xageRkAç nig bursmñak´eT[t :nQrGaRs&y nUvbursEdlQr enAxageRkAenaHehIyç GarUb|smabtþiTaMg 4 Gñk R:C\Kb|IRCab edayPaBCaZm μCatesμIKña eday bursTaMgLay 4 enH edaylMdab´cuH .

enH CaBaküRbkbesckþI kñúgóbmaenaH . maner]gmkza

manmNÐbmYy enARtgTIEdlminsÁat . RKaenaH bursmñak mk

ehIy k*ex¬ImnUvTIminsÁatenaH eTIbykédetagnUvmNÐbenaHehIy

k*CabenAkñúgmNÐbenaH dUcCaeKBüÜrTukehIy . bnÞabmk burs

mYyeT[t mkehIy k*GaRs&ynUvbursEdlCabkñúgmNÐbenaH .

bursepSgeT[t mkdlehIy Kitza ²bursGñkEdlCabkñúgmNÐb

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visuTÆimK< ERb 255

RtgTIxageRkA eBalKWPaBminmanviJ¦aN ehIyRbRBwtþeTA bNÐit

Kb|IeXIjza dUcCabursEdlsMKal nUvbuK<lEdlKit nUvesckþI

minekSmkSanþ énbursEdlCabmNÐb nig GñkEdlGaRs&yburs

GñkCabmNÐbenaHpg ehIy:nQrenAxageRkAenaHÉgza ²CaGñk

Qr:nlÁehIy³ dUecñH eTIbGaRs&ynUvbursenaH fitenAehIy .

k*envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;enH kalRbRBwtþeTA yagdUecñH

rEmgeZVInUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;enaHoCaGarm μN¾ eRBaH minmanGarm μN¾déTeT[t eRb[bdUcCa ‘RbCa’Cn GaRs&y nUvRBHraCa sUm|ICaGñkmaneTas R:kd RbRBwtþeTA eRBaHkarciJ©wmCIvitCaehtu dUecñaH .

GZib|ayza envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;enH RtUveZVInUvGakiJ©-

J¦aytn;enaH sUm|ICamaneTasEdleXIjehIy yagdUecñH za

²smabtþienH mansRtUvKWviJ¦aNJ©aytn;enACit³ dUecñH oCa

GarmμN¾ eRBaHminmanGarm μN¾déTeT[t . eRb[bdUcGVI/ . eRb[b

dUcCa ‘RbCa’ Cn RtUvGaRs&yRBHraCa sUm|ImaneTasEdleXIj

ehIyRbRBwtþeTA eRBaHkarciJ©wmCIvitCaehtu dUecñaH . GZib|ayza

‘RbCa’Cn kalmin:nnUvkarciJ©wmCIvit kñúgRbeTsdéT caM:cRtUv

GaRs&yRBHraCamYyGg< CaZMkñúgTVIbTaMgmUl CaGñkminsRgYm man

esckþIRbRBwtþitampøÚvkay vaca nig citþ ezakTab sUm|ICaGñkman

eTasEdlbuK<leXIjehIyza ²RBHraCaenH CaGñkmankarRbRBwtþi

ezakTab³ dUecñH rEmgRbRBwtþeTA eRBaHkiriyaciJ©wmCIvitCaehtu

256 Garub|nieTÞs

y¨agNamijç envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;enH kalmin:nGarmμN¾

déT k*RtUveZVInUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;enaH sUm|ImaneTasEdleXIj

ehIyoCaGarm μN¾ k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . k*envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;

enH kaleZVIy¨agdUecñH

k*EtgEtetagCab´ ‘nUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;’QanenaH ehIy RbRBwtþeTA ‘eRBaHminmanGVIetag’ eRb[b dUcCabuK<leLIgCeNþIrEvg ‘dl´kaMxagelIehIy’ k*Rbetag ‘nUvem’CeNþIr ‘eRBaHminmanGVInwgetag’ nig eRb[bdUcCabuK<leLIgkMBUlPñM ehIyRbetag nUvkMBUlPñM ‘eRBaHminmanGVInwgRbetag’ ß eRb[b dUcCabuK<leLIgPñM ehIyTb´TlCg<g´ rbs´xøÜn hñwgÉg ‘eRBaHminmanGVInwgTb´Tl’ dUecñaHÉg .

briecäT TI10 eQμaHGarUb|nieTÞs kñúgGZikarénsmaZiPavna

kñúgbkrN¾viess eQμaHvisuTÆimK<

KWx\úMrcnaehIy edIm|IRbeyaCn¾

dlesckþIrIkrayrbs´saZuCn yagdUecñHÉg .

v Í v

:ner[ber[gcb´ ézáRBhs|ti¾ 2 ekIt ExbusS BÇsÇ2550

ézáTI21 ExZñÚ qñaM 2006

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smaZinieTÞs 257

‘GahaerbdikUlsJ¦a’

‘202’ kñúgkal«LÚvenH karsMEdgecjnUvkarcMerIn én

karsMKalza bdikUl kñúgGahar EdlelakelIkykmksMEdg

y¨agenH za ²sJ¦a mYy³ dUecñH bnÞabGMBIGarUb|nieTÞs mkdl´

ehIytamlMdab .

kñúgkarsMKalza bdikUl kñúgGaharenaH bNÐitKb|IRCab

esckþIvinicä&y tUcteTA ; sPaBNa EtgnaMmk eRBaHehtuenaH

sPaBenaH eQμaHza Gahar ‘sPaBGñknaMmk’ . GaharenaH

man 4 yag KW kBLig,araharç psSaharç menaseJ©tnaharç

viJ¦aNahar .

sYrza ²k*kñúgGaharTaMg 4 yagn@uH GaharyagNa Etg

naMGVImk/ ³ .

eqøIyza ²kBLig,arahar EtgnaMmk nUvrUb EdlmanOCa Ca

KRmb8 . psSahar EtgnaMmknUvevTna 3 . menaseJ©tnahar

EtgnaMmknUvbdisnÆi kñúgPBTaMg 3 . viJ¦aNahar EtgnaMmk nUv

namrUb kñúgxN; énbdisnÆi .

‘P&yekIteRBaHGaharCaehtu’

kñúgGaharTaMg 4 enaH P&yKWkarmineRtkGr Etgman kñúg

kBLig,araharç P&yKWkarcUleTArk Etgman kñúgpsSaharç P&y

KWkarekItÉg Etgman kúñgmenaseJ©tnaharç P&yKWbdisnÆi Etg

man kñúgviJ¦aNahar . k*kñúgGaharTaMgLayenH EdlmanP&y

cMeBaH yagenH kBLig,arahar bNÐitKb|IsMEdg edayRBHOvaT

258 smaZinieTÞs

EdleRb[bedaysacrbskUnç psSahar bNÐitKb|IsMEdgeday

RBHOvaT EdleRb[bedayemeKaminmanEs|kç menaseJ©tnahar

bNÐitKb|IsMEdg edayRBHOvaT EdleRb[bedayPñkénregIkePøIgç

viJ¦aNahar bNÐitKb|IsMEdg edayRBHOvaT EdleRb[beday

muxénlMEBg .

‘GaharEdlR:zñakñúgkm μdðanenH’ EtkñúgGaharTaMg 4 enH kBLig,arahar EdlEckCarbs´

sIu pwk TMBa nig PøkS bu¨eNÑaH KWelakbgykehIyza ²Gahar³ kñúgesckþIenH . esckþIsMKal EdlekIteLIg edayGMNacén

karkanyknUvGakar;EdlKYrex¬Im kñúgGaharenaH eQμaHza esckþI

sMKalza KYrex¬Im kñúgGahar . RBHeyaKIGñkR:zñaedIm|IcMerInnUv

GahaerbdikUlsJ¦aenaH Kb|Ier[nnUvkmμdðan minoPøaMgPøatGMBIkar

Edler[nmksUm|IEtmYybT eTAkñúgTIsáatEtmñakÉgsmáMenA ehIy

RtUvBicarNa nUvPaBbdikUl kñúgkBLig,arahar EdlEckCarbs´

sIu pwk TMBa nig liTÆPøkS edayGakar;TaMgLay 10 . Gakar;

TaMg 10 enH KWGVIxøH / . KW ;

1- Kmneta bdikUledaydMeNIredIrç

2- brieysneta bdikUledaykarEsVgrkç

3- briePaKeta bdikUledaykarbriePaKç

4- Gasyeta bdikUledayTIGaRs&yç

5- niZaneta bdikUledaykEnøgtMklenAkñúgépÞç

6- Gbribk,eta bdikUledayPaBEdlminTan´rlYyç

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

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រារាម

260 smaZinieTÞs

bdikUlCagxagkñúgbnÞb eRBaHeBlxøH RtUvvtæúbdikUl manGacm¾

kNþúr nig Gacm¾Rbec[vCaedIm eZVIoxUcxatehIyç bnÞabmk RtUv

emIlCanxageRkam‘kudi’EdlbdikUlCagCan´xagelI eRBaHeBlxøH

RtUvRbLakedayGacm¾em[m nig Gacm¾RBabCaedImç bnÞabmk RtUv

emIlbrievN EdlbdikUlCagCan´xageRkam‘énkudi’ eRBaHeBlxøH

KRKicehIyedayesμA nig søwkeQIcas´> EdlRtUvxülbkmk

edaybsSav; óc©ar; Twkmat nig TwksMe:r énBYksameNr

EdlmanCmáW nig edayTwknigPkCaedIm kñúgrdUvePø{gç RtUvemIlpøÚv

eTAviharEdlbdikUlCagbrievNeTAeT[tç mYyeT[t GñkbYsenaH

zVaybgM<nUveBaZiRBwkS nig RBHectiy edaylMdabehIy RtUvQr

enA RtgkEnøgEdlQrRtiHriH ehIyRtiHriH za ²GatμaGj nwgmin

RtUvRkeLkemIlRBHectiyEdldUcCakgénEkvmukþa nig edImeBaZi-

RBwkSd*CaTIKabcitþdUcCasøabknÞúyénstVekáak nig nUvesnasn;

EdlmansirI dUcCasm|tþiéneTBVvimanehIy EbrxñgeTAkan´TIEdl

CaTIrIkray eQμaHyagenH ehIyeTA eRBaHGaharCaehtu³ dUecñH

ehIy ec[secjeTA k*edIreTAkanpøÚveTAkanRsukehIy RtUvemIl

pøÚvEdlmandg<t nig bnøapg pøÚvEdlRtUvkMLaMgTwkeRcaHehIy nig

pøÚvminrabesμIpgç bnÞabmk GñkbYsRtUvesø{ks|g ‘edaykarnwk

Kit’ dUcsMBtbiTnUvbUs cgnUvvtæBnÆ dUccgsMBtruMdMe¶ RKgcIvr

‘edaykarnwkKit’ dUcCaRKbnUveRKagqÁwg naMyk:Rtecj ‘eday

karnwkKit’ dUcCanaMyknUvPaCn;sMrabRckzñaM mkdlTICiténTVar

Rsuk k*nwgeXIjnUvsaksBepSg> dUcsaksBdMrIxøH saksB

visuTÆimK< ERb 259

7- bribk,eta bdikUledayPaBEdlrlYyehIyç

8- pleta bdikUledayplç

9- nisSnÞeta bdikUledayhUrecjç

10- smμk¡neta bdikUledayRbLakRbLÚs .

‘bdikUledaydMeNIredIr’

‘203’ kñúgbTTaMg10 enaH bTza ²Kmneta³ enaH esckþI

za esckþIbdikUledaydMeNIredIr KWRBHeyaKIKb|IBicarNa eday

n&yyagenH za ²GñkbYs kñúgsasna EdleQμaHzamanGanuPaB

eRcIn yagenH eZVIkarsVaZüaynUvRBHBuTÆvcn;kþI nUvsmNZm(kþI

rhUtTaMgraRtI eRkakeLIgehIyGMBIRBwkRBlwm eZVIvtþRtglanRBH

ectiy nig vtþRtglaneBaZiRBwkS tMklTwksMrabqan´ TwksMrab´

eRbIR:s e:ssMGatTIbrievN CRmHnUvsrIr;ehIy eLIgkan´TI

Gasn; eZVITukkñúgcitþnUvkmμdðan Gs 20-30 dg ehIy eRkak

eLIg cabyk:Rt nig cIvr lHbgnUvte:v&n ‘KWéRBCaTIeZVInUv

te:kmμ’ EdlCaTIR:scakCneb[tes[t suxsb|aydlvievk

dlRBmedaymøb nig Twk sÁatlÁ RtCak CaTIfanEdlCaTIrIk

rayehIy minsmøwgnUvesckþIeRtkGrkñúgvievk EdlCaGriyKuN

Kb|Imanmuxeq¬aHeTAkan´Rsuk nimnþeTA edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dlGahar

dUcCaEq,cck manmuxeq¬aHeTAkanTIs μsandUecñaH kalnimnþeTAy¨ag

enH cabtaMgBIcuHecjGMBIERK ß taMgeTAehIy k*RtUvCanTIkRmal

EdleBareBjeTAedayeRK]gminsÁat mankMeTcZUlICabeCIg nig

lamkstVCIgckCaedImç bnÞabBIenaH RtUvemIlmuxCaRbZan Edl

ពទ�ធកស

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េមរ

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រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 261

esHxøH saksBeKaxøH saksBRkbIxøH saksBmnusSxøH

saksBBsxøH saksBEq,CaedImxøH nwgRtUvEtemIlEtmüag

k*minEmnEdr sUm|IkøinénsaksBTaMgenaHEdlmkbHnUvRcmuH k*Ca

er]gEdlRtUvGtRTaMpgEdrç bnÞabmk GñkbYs RtUvEtQrRtgTVar

cUlRsuk ehIyRkeLkemIlnUvpøÚvedIreTAkñúgRsuk edIm|IRbeyaCn¾

dlkareKcevHnUvGnþray mandMrIkac nig Eq,kacCaedIm .

rbsbdikUl maneRK]gkRmalCaxagedIm mansaksB

eRcInCaGenkCabrieyasan dUc:neBalmkdUecñHenH Caer]gEdl

GñkbYs RtUvGtsg,tpg RtUvsMLwgemIlpg RtUvhitkøinpg eRBaH

GaharCaehtuç esckþIbdikUl edaydMeNIredIr KWRBHeyaKIKb|I

BicarNaoeXIj yagdUecñHza ²Ohñ! Gñkd*cMerIn Gahar Carbs´

bdikUlKYrex¬ImEmnhñ@ ³ dUecñH .

‘bdikUledaykarEsVgrk’

‘204’ ‘esckþIbdikUl’ edaykarEsVgrk etIdUcemþc / .

esckþIbdikUledaykarEsVgrk KWRBHeyaKI RtUvBicarNaoeXIj

c|asy¨agenHza ²bBVCit sUm|IGtZn´nUvesckþIbdikUl kñúgkareZVI

dMeNIryagenHehIy cUleTAkanRsuk XøMúedaysMBtsg¹adI RtUv

EtRtaceTAtamdgzñl kñúgRsuk tamlMdabpÞH dUcCamnusSkMRBa

manédkanGMEbg RtaceTAdUecñaHç RtgpøÚvÉNa kñúgrdUvePø{g elITI

EdlCanehIy> eCIgTaMgLaycUleTA kñúgTwk nig Pk rhUtdl´

sacsμgç bBVCit RtUvEtkan´:Rt edayédmYy elIkcIBredayéd

mYyç kñúgrdUvekþA RtUvEtRtaceTA TaMgragkayRbLakRbLÚsehIy

262 smaZinieTÞs

edayGacm¾dInigkMeTcesμA EdlebIugeLIgehIy edaykMLaMgxülç

eTAdlmatTVarpÞHenaH> ehIy k*RtUvCYbRbTH eBlxøH RtUvCan´nUv

reNþARCaM nig zøúkRCaM EdlRcbUkRcbl edayrbsminsÁat man

TwklagRtIç Twklagsacç TwklagGg,rç Twkmatç TwkRcmuH nig

lamkEq, nig RCUkCaedIm EdledrdasehIy edayhVÚgdg,Úv nig

ruyk|alex[vCaedIm EdlCaTIkEnøgEdlstVruykñúgRsukehIreLIg

mkTMEGbelIsg¹adIxøH elI:RtxøH elIk|alxøHç kalbBVCitenaH

sUm|IcUleTAdlpÞHehIy m©aspÞHBYkxøHRbeKn BYkxøHminRbeKneT

sUm|IGñkEdlRbeKn BYkxøH RbeKnEt:yEdldaMehIy kalBIézá

mSilxøH nUvrbs´qanEdlessslxøH nUvsmømansmøsENþk

EdlpÁÚmCaedImxøHç BYkGñkminRbeKnesat GñkxøHeBalza ²bBiRt

RBHKuNm©as cUrnimnþeR:sstVeTAxagmuxcuH³ dUecñH Etbu¨eNÑaHç

EtBYkxøHenAesá{mQwg eZVIhakbIdUcCamineXIjç BYkxøH k*Ebrmux

eTATIdéT‘Ebrmuxecj’ç BYkxøH k*ERskRTeKaH edayBaküGaRkk>

za ²En evIy! mnusSk|alRtegal eTAeTA³ dUecñHCaedImç BitEmn

eTaHbICayagenHk*eday bBVCit RtUvEtRtaceTAbiNÐ:t kñúgRsuk

dUcCamnusSkMRBa ehIyecjeTA yagenHÉg .

rbsbdikUl manreNþATwkRCaMCaedIm dUceBalmkdUecñHenH

Carbs´EdlbBVCitRtUvCan´pg RtUvCYbRbTHpg RtUvGtsg,tpg

cabtaMgGMBIcUleTA kñúgRsuk rhUtdlecjmkvij k*eRBaHGahar

CaehtuedayBitR:kdç Ohñ@ Gñkd*cMerIn Gahar Carbs´bdikUl

KYrex¬ImreGIm BitEmnhñ@!³ dUecñHÉg .

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

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រារាម

264 smaZinieTÞs

enH manBN( køin nig kartakEtgd*viess vinas:tGs´ehIy

kñúgxN;enaHPøam rEmgcUldlPaBKYrex¬ImreGImyagéRkElg dUc

CakMGYtEq,EdlenAkñúgsñÚk:yEq,dUecñaHç biNÐ:tenaH sUm|IR:kd

y¨agdUecñH k*Carbs´EdlRtUvEtelbcUleTA eRBaHbiNÐ:tenaH

knøgnUvKnøgénckú¡³ dUecñHÉg .

‘bdikUledayTIGaRs&y’

‘206’ ‘esckþIbdikl’ edayTIGaRs&y etIdUcemþc / .

esckþIbdikUledayTIGaRs&y RBHeyaKIKb|IBicarNa yagenHza

²k*GaharenaH Edl:nbriePaKcUleTAehIyyagenH kalcUleTA

BÆd*xagkñúgç bNþaTIGaRs&y‘Gasy;’ TaMgLaybYn KWTIGaRs&y

rbs´Rbmat TIGaRs&yrbsesøs μ TIGaRs&yrbsxÞúH TIGaRs&y

rbs´Qam TIGaRs&yNamYy rEmgman dlRBHBuTÆ nig RBH

bec©kBuTÆTaMgLaypg dlesþccRkBtiþpgEtbu¨eNÑaH k*buEnþsMrab

buK<lTaMgLayEdlmanbJ¦atic rEmgmanTIGaRs&yRKbTaMg 4

eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH ebIbuK<lNaEdlmanTIGaRs&y

rbs´RbmateRcInç GaharEdlbuK<lenaHelbcUleTA eRb[bdUcCa

RbLakedayeRbgRsKMyagxabKYrex¬IméRkeBkç buK<lNa manTI

GaRs&yrbsesøsμeRcIn GaharEdlbuK<lenaHelbcUleTA dUc

CaRbLakedayrsénEpøxÞwg ß søwkxÞwgKYrex¬IméRkElgç buK<lNa

manTIGaRs&yrbsxÞúHeRcIn GaharEdlbuK<lenaH elbcUleTA

eRb[bdUcCaRbLakedayTwkedaHCUrEdlpÁÚmKYrex¬IméRkElgç buK<l

Na manTIGaRs&yrbsQameRcInç Gahar EdlbuK<lenaHelb

visuTÆimK< ERb 263

‘bdikUledaykarbriePaK’

‘205’ ‘esckþIbdikUl’ edaykarbriePaK etIdUcemþc / .

esckþIbdikUledaykarbriePaK KWRBHeyaKI RtUvBicarNaoeXIj

c|as yagenHza ²k*esckþIbdikUl edaykarbriePaK bBVCitGñk

manGaharEdlEsVgrk:nmkehIy yagenH Gg<úytamsb|ay

kñúgTIEdlsb|ay xageRkARsuk RtUveXIj yagenHza ²Gñkmin

Tan´lUkédcUleTA kñúgGaharenaH drabNa GñkeXIj nUvPikú¡Edl

KYreKarBkþI nUvmnusSEdlmankareG[nxμaskþI R:kddUecñaHehIy k*

Gacnimnþ ‘oqan´nUvGaharenaH’ :ndrabenaHç bu¨EnþRKan´EtbBVCit

enaH dakédcUleTA kñúgGaharenaH edaymanbMNgnwgqan kal

eBalza²cUrGñkTTYlcuH³ dUecñH RtUvmanEtkarxμaseG[nç k*kalebI

bBVCitenaH dakédcUleTAehIyRc:c ejIshUrecj tamRmaméd

TaMg 5 júaMgP&tþsUm|IEdlrwgeRBaHsáÜtoesIm eZVIoTn´ç RKaenaH

kalebIbiNÐ:tenaH xUcPaBEdllÁehIy eRBaHkareZVIsUm|IRtwm

EtRc:c KWbBVCitenaH eZVIoeTACaBMnUt dakcUleTAkñúgmatehIyç

eZμjeRkam júaMgkic©ént|alosMerc eZμjelI júaMgkic©énGERg

osMerc GNþat júaMgkic©énédosMercç Twkmatd*zøarav elIcug

GNþat RbLaknUvbiNÐ:tenaH EdlRtUvGERgKWeZμj TMBalMGit

ehIy RKelvRbmUlpúMþ edayGNþat dUcCakMGYtEq,elIsñÚk:yEq,

enAkñúgmatenaHç Twkmatxab cabtaMgBIBakkNþalGNþatcUleTA

rEmgRbLakç eCIgeZμj kñúgTIEdleQICRmHeZμjeTAmindl rEmg

RbLakç biNÐ:tenaH EdlRtUvTMBakMeTc nig RbLakehIy yag

ពទ�ធកស

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visuTÆimK< ERb 265

cUleTAehIy bIdUcCaTwkRClkKYrex¬IméRkElg³ dUecñH .

‘bdikUledaykEnøgtMkl´enAkñúgépÞ’

‘207’ ‘esckþIbdikUl’edaykEnøgEdltMklenAkñúgépÞ etI

dUcemþc / . esckþIbdikUledaykEnøgEdltMkl´enAkñúgépÞ KWRBH

eyaKI RtUvBicarNaoeXIjc|as yagenHza ²GaharEdlelb

cUleTARbLakedayGasy;NamYy kñúgcMeNamGasy;TaMg 4

enH cUleTAehIykñúgépÞenaH minEmneTAtMklenA kúñgPaCn;man

PaCn;masCaedImeLIy minEmneTAtMklenA kúñgPaCn;TaMgLay

manPaCn;eZVIBIEkvmNI nig PaCn;eZVIGMBIR:kCaedImeLIyç Etza

ebImnusSmanGayu 10 qñaM elbcUleTA k*eTAtMkl´enA kñúgOkas

EdlR:kdesμIedayreNþAlamkEdlmin:nlagehIy Gs 10

qñaMç ebImnusSmanGayu 20 qñaM 30 qñaM 40 qñaM 50 qñaM 60 qñaM 70

qñaM 80 qñaM 90 qñaM elbcUleTA k*eTAtMklenA kñúgOkasEdl

R:kdesμIedayreNþAlamk Edlmin:nlagehIy Gs 20 qñaM

30 qñaM 40 qñaM 50 qñaM 60 qñaM 70 qñaM 80 qñaM 90 qñaMç ebImnusS

manGayu 100 qñaM elbcUleTA k*eTAtMklenA kñúgOkasEdl

R:kdesμIedayreNþAlamkEdlmin:nlagehIy Gs 100qñaM³

dUecñHÉg .

‘bdikUledayPaBEdlminTan´rlYy’

‘208’ ‘esckþIbdikUl’ edayPaBEdlminTanrlYy etI

dUcemþc / . esckþIbdikUl edayPaBEdlminTan´rlYy KWRBH

eyaKI Kb|IBicarNaoeXIjc|as y¨agenH za ²k*GaharenHenaH

266 smaZinieTÞs

EdlcUleTAtMkl´enA kñúgOkas‘KYrex¬Im’ EbbenHehIy CaGahar

enAminTanrlYy drabNa sUm|IGaharenaHeTIbbriePaK kñúgézáenaH

kþI briePaKkñúgézámSilkþI kñúgézámun> mkkþI k*eTApþúMenACamYyKñaTaMg

Gs rYbrwteTAedaydMuesøsμ ekIteTACaBBuH CaRkeBjtUc-ZM RtUv

ePøIgZatukñúgragkay cMhuykMedAehIy dlnUvPaBKYrex¬ImreGIméRk

Elg ehIyfitenA kñúgTIkEnøg manRbkardUc:neBalmkehIy

enaHÉg EdlCaTIggwtCitsUnüQwgBneBk GabGYrRcbUkRcbl´

edaykøinsaksBepSg> mankøinsÁúyKYrex¬ImreGIméRkElg drab

enaH eRb[bdUcCarbs´minsÁatepSg> manesμA søwkeQI kenÞl

rEhkdacdac saksBBs saksBEq, nig saksBmnusSCa

edIm EdlZøakehIykñúgreNþAEk|rmatTVarcUlpÞHénCncNÐal RtUv

emX ‘ePø{g’ EdlminEmnCardUvkal kñúgrdUvekþA ZøakeRsacRsb

ehIy RtUvkMedARBHGaTitü dutkMedAehIy kekIteTACaBBuH CaBg

‘dlnUvPaBKYrex¬IméRkElg’ yagdUecñaHÉg³ dUecñH .

‘bdikUledayPaBEdlrlYyehIy’

‘209’ ‘esckþIbdikUl’ edayPaBEdlrlYyehIy etIdUc

emþc/ . esckþIbdikUl edayPaBEdlrlYyehIy KWRBHeyaKI

Kb|IBicarNaoeXIjc|as yagenH za ²GaharenaH kalRtUv

ePøIgZatukñúgkaydutorlYyehIykñúgOkasEdlfitenAenaH k*min

EmnkøayeTACamas nig R:kCaedIm dUcCaErmas nig ErR:k Ca

edIm:neLIy RKanEtbeJ©jnUvBBuH nig RkeBjtUc-ZM dlnUv

PaBCaGaharcas´ k*cUleTAtMklenA kñúgTIlMenA énGaharcas

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268 smaZinieTÞs

briePaKnUvGaharenaH CaGñksb|ayhWha mancitþrIkrayehIy

ekItbIti nig esamnsS k*man ‘Et’ kñúgézáTIBIr kalEdlGahar

enaHhUrecjmkvij RtUvmnusSbiTRcmuH eKEbrmuxecj eKex¬Im

reGIm eKmankareG[nx μaseTAvijç mYyeT[t kñúgézáTImYy mnusS

eRtkGr elμaP Cabcitþ RCulRCb´ehIy elbnUvGaharenaHcUl

eTAk*man EtkñúgézáTIBIr eRBaHvaenAGsmYyraRtI mnusSmineRtkGr

en]yNay eG[nxμas ex¬ImreGIm hUrecjmkvijç eRBaHehtu

enaH eTIbburaNacarüTaMgLay eBalehIy za ;

‘bdikUledayRbLak´RbLÚs’

‘212’ ‘esckþIbdikUl’edayRbLakRbLÚsetIdUcemþc/ .

²:y Twk xaTnIy; nig ePaCn Edlmantémø eRcIn cUleTAtamTVarmYy ‘Et’ ecjmkvij tam TVarTaMgLay 9ç buK<l RBmTaMgbrivar briePaK nUv:y Twk xaTnIy; nig ePaCn Edlmantémø eRcIn ‘Et’ kalbenÞabg´vaecjmkvij rEmgeTA lak´BYnç :y Twk xaTnIy; nig ePaCn Edl mantémøeRcIn buK<l Etgniym cUlcitþbriePaK ‘Et’ kalbenÞabgvaecjmkvij k*ex¬ImreGImeTA vijç :y Twk xaTnIy; nig ePaCn Edlman témøeRcIn eRBaHvaenAGs´mYyraRtI k*ERbeTACarbs´ sÁúyTaMgGs´³ dUecñHÉg .

visuTÆimK< ERb 267

dUcCadIsÁit manBN(el]g EdleKkinnwgt|alkin ehIydakcuH

eTA kñúgbMBgdUecñaH nig dlnUvPaBCaTwkmURtehIy k*RCabeTAdk´

enA kñúgepøakTwkmURt³ dUecñH .

‘bdikUledaypl’

‘210’ ‘esckþIbdikUl’ edaypl etIdUcemþc / . esckþI

bdikUl edaypl KWRBHeyaKIKb|IBicarNaoeXIjc|as yag

enHza ²k*GaharenHEdlrlYyeTAedaylÁbueNÑaH eTIbjúaMgsak

sBepSg> mansk eram Rkck nig eZμjCaedIm ocMerInRss

eRsageLIg:n EdlminrlYy:nlÁeT k*bNþaloekIteTACa

eraK 100 CMBUk maneraKkm rmas Xøg ERsg hWt kÁk nig

eraKZøakQamç enHCaplrbsGaharenaH³ dUecñH .

‘bdikUledayhUrecj’

‘211’ ‘esckþIbdikUl’ edayhUrecj etIy¨agdUcemþc/ .

esckþIbdikUl edayhUrecj KWRBHeyaKIKb|IBicarNaoeXIj

c|as yagenHza ²k*GaharenH kalEdlelbcUleTA k*cUleTA

tamTVarEtmYy kalEdlhUrecjmkvij rEmghUrecjmkvij

tamTVareRcInCaGenk edayRbkar;CaedIm KW EdlecjmktamEPñk

ehAzaBBwkEPñk EdlecjmktamRtec[kehAzaGacm¾Rtec[kç BMu

enaHesat GaharenH kñúgeBlEdlelbcUleTA elbcUleTA

edayBYkbrivarCaeRcInnakBitEmn bu¨EnþkñúgeBlEdlhUrecjmk

vij k*køayeTACarbs´minsÁatmanócar; nig bsSav;CaedImehIy

k*bgØÚrecjmkvijEtmñakÉgKtç mYyeT[t kñúgézádMbUg buK<lkal

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visuTÆimK< ERb 269

esckþIbdikUl edayRbLak´RbLÚs KWRBHeyaKI Kb|IBicarNa o

eXIjc|as yagenHza ²k*GaharenH sUm|IkñúgkalEdlbriePaK

k*rEmgRbLakRbLÚs nUvéd bbUrmat GNþat nig Bitanç éd

bbUrmat GNþat nig BitanTaMgLayNa sUm|IIeKlagehIy

k*RtUvEtlagmþgehIymþgeT[t edIm|IIRbeyaCn¾dl´karbM:tkøin éd

bbUrmat GNþat nig BitanTaMgLayenaH CarbsbdikUlehIy

eRBaHRtUvGaharenaHRbLakRbLÚsehIyç GaharenaH kalbuK<l

briePaKcUleTAehIy rEmgcMGinnUvkayoe:geLIg edayePIøg

Zatukñúgragkay EdlpatRcaneTAsBVsrIr;TaMgmUl ehIyk*pus

eLIg RbLakRbLÚsnUveZμjTaMgLay edayPaBCaGacm¾eZμj

EtgRbLakRbLÚscabedImGMBIGNþat nig BitaneTA edayPaBCa

Twkmat nig esøs μCaedIm EtgRbLakRbLÚsnUvTVarTaMgLay man

rnÆEPñk rnÆRtec[k rnÆRcmuH nig TVarxageRkam‘TVarZM’ CaedIm eday

PaBCaBBwkEPñk Gacm¾Rtec[k TwksMe:r TwkmURt nig Gahar

cas´CaedIm eRb[bdUcCakalebI:yRtUveKcMGin rbsEdlCakak

sMNlTaMgLay manGg,am knÞk nig Twk:y rEmgpuseLIg

mkRbLaknUvRkbmatqñaMg nig KRmbqñaMg dUecñaHç kñúgTVarTaMgLay

Na eRBaHlagTVarmYy édCarbsEdlRtUvlagedayTwkmþgeT[t

eRBaHlagTVarmYy édsUm|Ilag edaylamkeKaxøH edaydIxøH

edaylMGiteRK]gRkGUbxøH rhUtdlBIrbIdg k*minR:scakGMBI

PaBbdikUl:neLIy TVarTaMgLayenHenaH EdlGaharRbLak

ehIy sUm|ICalagsMGat ral> ézá k*rEmgCarbsminsÁat Ca

270 smaZinieTÞs

rbs´minCaTIKabcitþdEdl³ dUecñH .

‘GahaerbdikUlsJ¦aQan’

kalRBHeyaKI BicarNaeXIjnUvPaBbdikUl edayGakar;

TaMg 10 yagenH eZVITukkñúgcitþ oCaZmμCatKWesckþIRtiHriHsÞÜy

eLIgehIy oCaZmμCatKWesckþIriHKitsÜÞyeLIgehIyç kBLig,a-

rahar rEmgR:kd edayGMNacénGakar;bdikUl . RBHeyaKI

enaH esB cMerIn eZVIoeRcIn nUvnimitþenaH Caer]y> . kalRBH

eyaKIenaH eZVIy¨agenH nIvrN;TaMgLay rEmgsábrmáab . citþ

rEmgtaMgenAmaM edayóbcarsmaZi EdlmindlnUvGb|na eRBaH

kBLig,araharCaKmÖIrPaBRCaleRCAtamsPaBCaZmμta . EtsJ¦a

kñúgkBLig,araharnu@H rEmgR:kd edayGMNacénkarkan´yk nUv

Gakar;bdikUl . eRBaHehtuenaH km μdðanenH dlehIynUvkar

rabza ²GahaerbdikUlsJ¦a³ dUecñH .

‘GanisgSénGahaerbdikUlsJ¦a’

k*citþrbs´Pikú¡GñkRbkber]y> nUvesckþIsMKalzaCarbs´

KYrex¬Im kñúgGaharenH rEmgzycuH rEmgrYj rEmgbdivtþi cak

esckIþcMNgkúñgrs . RBHeyaKIenaHCaGñkR:scakesckþIRsvwg

elbnUvGahar RKan´EtedIm|ICaRbeyaCn¾dlkarrlasnUvTuk¡ecj

dUcCabuK<lGñkRtUvkarqøgpøÚvqáay sIunUvsackUndUecñaH . bnÞabmk

teRmk EdlRbRBwtþeTA kñúgbJ©kamKuN rbsRBHeyaKIenaH

k*rEmgdlnUvkarkMNtdwg edayminBi:keLIy eRBaHmankar

kMNtdwgnUvkBLig,araharCaRbZan . RBHeyaKIenaH rEmgkMNt

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kñúgrahuelavaTsURt nig kñúgZatuviPg<sURt .

‘ctuZatuvvdðanedayseg¡b’

EmnBit ctuZatuvvdðanenaH mkehIy edayseg¡b kñúg

mhastibdðansURt edayGMNacénbuK<lGñkcMerInZatukmμdðan Ca

GñkmanbJ¦ad*xøaMgkøa yagenHza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay bursGñk

BiXateKakþI kUnsisSénbursGñkBiXateKakþI EdlbuinRbsb Kb|I

BiXateKaehIyrMElkCacMENk> Gg<úyeT[bpøÚvZMEbkCabYn man

óbmadUcemþcmijç mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡BicarNaeXIjc|as nUv

kayenHÉg EdlfitenAyagNa EdltaMgenAyagNa eday

kMNtza RKan´EtCaZatudUecñHza kñúgkayenH manZatudI ZatuTwk

ZatuePøIg Zatuxül manóbemyüyagdUecñaHÉg ‘1’ ³ . ‘BRgIkesckþIénRBHsURt’

esckþIénRBHsURtenaHza ²bursGñkBiXateKa ß kUnsisS

énbursGñkBiXateKaenaHÉg d*buinRbsb EdleKCYleday:y

nigézøQñÜl Kb|IsmøabnUveKaehIy rMElkeZVIoeTACacMENk>

Gg<úyeT[bpøÚvZMEbkCabYn eBalKWRtgTIkNþal énpøÚvZMTaMgLay

EdleTAkanTisTaMgLaybYn yagNamijç Pikú¡ k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr

BicarNanUvkayEdleQμaHza fitenAyagNa eRBaHfitenA eday

Gakar;ÉNanImYy én«riyabzTaMgbYn eQμaHzataMgenAyagNa

eRBaHtaMgenAyagNaenaHÉg edaykMNtzaRKan´EtCaZatu yag

dUecñHza kñúgkayenH manZatudI ZatuTwk ZatuePøIg Zatuxül³ .

1- suÇ TIÇ mÇ PaKTI 17 TMB&rTI 254 .

visuTÆimK< ERb 271

dwgnUvrUbk¡nÆ:n eRBaHmankarkMNtdwgnUvbJ©kamKuNCaRbZan .

mYyeT[t sUm|IkarcMerInkayKtasti rbs´RBHeyaKIenaH k*rEmg

dlnUvkareBjbribUN( edayGMNacénPaBbdikUl manGahar

EdlminTanrlYyCaedImpg. RBHeyaKIenaHCaGñkbdibtþinUvesckþI

bdibtþiEdlGnuelam dlGsuPsJ¦apg . müageT[t RBHeyaKI

enaH GaRs&ynUvesckþIRbtibtþienHehIy kalminTan´:nsMercnUv

TIbMputKWRBHniBVan kñúgbc©úb|nñenHeT rEmgCaGñkmansuKti RbRBwtþ

eTA BÆd*xagmux .

enHCakzaedayBisþarkñúgkarcMerInGahaerbdikUlsJ¦a .

ctuZatuvvdðan

‘213’ kñúgkal«LÚvenH karsMEdgecjnUvkarcMerIn nUv

kiriyakMNtnUvZatubYn EdlelaksMEdgehIy bnÞabGMBIGahaer

bdikUlsJ¦a za ²vvdðan 1³ dUecñH mkdlehIyedaylMdab .

‘BaküGZib|aybTmatika’ vinicä&ykñúgbTmatikaenaH bTza ²vvdðan³ :ndlsnñidðan

edayGMNackarkMNteXIjsPav; ‘rbsva’ . karkMNtemIl

ZatuTaMg 4 eQμaHza ctuZatuvvdðan . Baküza ²Zatumnsikar Zatukmμdðan ctuZatuvvdðan³ edayesckþI KWEtmYyeT .

‘ctuZatuvvdðan 2 y¨ag’ ctuZatuvvdðanenHenaH mkehIy 2 yagKW edayseg¡b 1

edayBisþar 1 . ctuZatuvvdðan edayseg¡benaH mkehIy kñúg

mhastibdðansURt edayBisþarmkehIykñúgmhahtæibTubmsURt

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visuTÆimK< ERb 273

sYrza; etImanesckþIGZib|aydUcemþc/ . eqøIyza; kal

ebIbursGñkBiXateKa ciJ©wmbMbneKakþI dwk‘va’ykeTAkan´TIsmøab

kþI luHdwkeTAdlehIy k*cgeRk[kTuk kñúgTIsmøabenaHkþI kMBugEt

smøabkþI eXIjeKaRtUv:neKsmøab søabehIykþIç esckþIsm<al´

za ²eKa³ minTan´sabsUnü:teT drabNaEdleKminTan:nBnøH

vHva rMElkCacMENk>ç bu¨EnþkalebIrMElkehIy ‘ykeTA’ Gg<úy

‘lk’ esckþIsm<alza ²eKa³ eTIb:teTA rEmgsm<al´za

CasaceTAvij . esckþInwkKit za ²GjlkeKa mnusSTaMgenH

naMykeKaeTA³ yagenH minman dlbursenaHeLIy . EttamBit

bursenaH manesckþIKit yagenHza ²Gjlksac ÉmnusSTaMg

enH ‘Tij’yksaceTA³ yagNamijç sUm|IkalPikú¡rUbenH enACa

RKhsækþI bYsehIykþI kñúgkalmun kñúgeBlEdlenACabuzuC¢n

lágexøAenAeLIy esckþIsm<al´za ²CastV Caburs CabuK<l³

minTan:teTA drabNaEdlPikú¡enaH minTanBicarNanUvkayenH

Ég EdlfitenA yagNa EdlxøÜntaMgTukehIy yagNa eday

Zatu bMEbkdMuoeTACaEpñk> k*bu¨EnþkalebIPikú¡BicarNa edayZatu

esckþIsm<alza stV eTIb:teTAç citþ rEmgtaMgenA edayza

RKan´EtCaZatuEtbu¨eNÑaH . eRBaHehtudUecñaH eTIbRBHmanRBHPaK

RTgRtas´za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay bursGñkBiXateKa Edlbiun

Rbsb .l. Kb|IGg<úyeT[bpøÚvZMEbkCabYn manóbmayagNa

mijç mñalPik¡úTaMgLay Pikú¡BicarNaeXIjc|as nUvkayenH

Ég .l. ZatudI ZatuTwk ZatuePøIg Zatuxül³ .

274 smaZinieTÞs

‘214’ cMENkkñúgmhahtæibTubmsURt mkehIy eday

Bisþar edayGMNacénbuK<lGñkcMerInZatukmμdðan EdlCaGñkmin

manR:C\acaskøaeBk yagenH KW ;

²mñalGñkTaMgLaymanGayu bfvIZatuxagkñúg etIdUcemþc/

ZatuNaCaxagkñuúg GaRs&ynwgxøÜn Carbs´rwg CarbseRKatRKat

EdlviJ¦aNcUleTAkan´yk KWsk´TaMgLay eramTaMgLay

RkckTaMgLay eZμjTaMgLay .l. Gaharz μI Gaharcas ßk*

ZatudéTNamYy Caxagkñúg GaRs&ynwgxøÜn Carbs´rwg Carbs´

eRKatRKat EdlviJ¦aNcUleTAkan´yk mñalGñkTaMgLayman

Gayu enHehAza bfvIZatu xagkñúg ‘1’ ³ . nigza ²mñalGñkTaMgLaymanGayu Gae:Zatu xagkñúg etI

dUcemþc/ ZatuNaEdlCaxagkñúg EdlGaRs&ynUvxøÜn CaTwk ßman

sPaBRbEhlnwgTwk EdlviJ¦aNcUleTAkan´yk KWRbmat´

esøs μ .l. TwkmURt ßk* ZatudéTNanImYyCaxagkñúg Edl

GaRs&ynUvxøÜn CaTwk ß mansPaBRbEhlnwgTwk EdlviJ¦aN

cUleTAkanyk mñalGñkTaMgLaymanGayu enHehAza Gae:Zatu

xagkñúg ‘2’ ³ . nigza ²mñalGñkTaMgLaymanGayu eteCaZatu xagkñúgetI

dUcemþc/ ZatuNaEdlCaxagkñúg EdlGaRs&ynwgxøÜn CaePøIg ß

mansPaBRbEhlnwgePøIg EdlviJ¦aNcUleTAkan´yk KWeteCa-

Zatu EdljúaMgkayoekþAsBV 1 eteCaZatu EdleZVIkay oRKaM

1- suÇ mÇ mUÇ PaKTI 21 TMB&rTI 194ç 2- TMB&rTI 200 .

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276 smaZinieTÞs

rbs´enaHRbRBwtþeTA kñúgxøÜn elakehAza ²bc©tþM³ eRBaHrbsenaH

GaRs&ynUvxøÜnRbRBwtþeTA dUcCaBakü kñúgBYk®sþITaMgLay kñúg

elak eKehAza GZitæI yagenaHÉg .

bTza ²kk¡LM³ ERbza rwg . bTza ²xriKtM³ ERbza eRKat

RKat . bNþabTTaMg 2 enaH bTTI 1 R:bnUvlk¡N; bTTI 2

R:bnUvGakar; . eRBaHbfvIZatu manlk¡N;rwg . bfvIZatuenaH

manGakar;eRKatRKat eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBalza ²kk¡LM xriKtM³ . bTza ²ó:TinñM³ ERbza Rbkan´x¢ab GZib|ayza kanyk

Rbkan´x¢ab Rbkanyk y¨agCab za Gj za rbsGj .

bTza ²esyüzITM³ Cani:t . ni:tenaH manesckþIza

sYrza rbsenaH etIdUcemþc / . bnÞabGMBIenaH elakkalsMEdg

esckþIsYrenaH eTIbeBalza ²eksa elama³ bu¨eNÑHCaedIm .

k*kñúgbfvIZatuenH Kb|IRCabza ; bfvIZatu elaksMEdg

edayGakar; 20 eRBaHmEnæmmtælugM< ‘xYrkñúgk|al’ . bfvIZatu

elakse®g<aHehIy kñúgcMENkTaMgLay bI d*ess edaybTza

²yM va bnJ¦m|i kiJ©i³ . ‘Gae:’

rbsNa RCYtRCab KWeTAdlTIenaH> edayGMNacénkar

hUreTA eRBaHehtuenaH rbsenaH eQμaHza Gae: . rbsNa eTA

kñúgGae:TaMgLay EdlmanRbkarepSg> edayGMNacénsmudðan

mankmμsmudðanCaedIm eRBaHehtuenaH rbsenaH eTIbeQμaHza

visuTÆimK< ERb 275

RKa 1 eteCaZatu EdldutkayoRkhlRkhay 1 eteCaZatu

sRmabdutePaCnEdlbuK<lsIu pwk TMBasIu CJ¢kCJ¢ab oRTuD

eRTam eTAedayRbéB 1 mYyeT[t ZatudéTNanImYy Caxagkñúg

EdlGaRs&ynUvxøÜn CaePøIg ß mansPaBRbEhlnwgePøIg Edl

viJ¦aNcUleTAkanyk mñalGñkTaMgLaymanGayu enHehAza

eteCaZatu xagkñuúg ³ .

nig za ²mñalGñkTaMgLaymanGayu vaeyaZatu Caxagkñúg

etIdUcemþc/ ZatuNaEdlCaxagkñúg EdlGaRs&ynUvxøÜn Caxül´

ß mansPaBRbEhlnwgxül EdlviJ¦aNcUleTAkanyk KW

xülbkeLIgelI 1 xülbkcuHeRkam 1 xülbkenAkñúgépÞ KWbk´

xageRkAeBaHev[n 1 xülbkkñúgeBaHev[n 1 xülbksBVsB(ag<-

kay 1 xüldkdegØImcUl nig xüldkdegØImecj 1 mYyvij

eT[t vaeyaZatudéTNanImYy Caxagkñúg GaRs&ynUvxøÜn Caxül´

ß mansPaBRbEhlnwgxül EdlviJ¦aNcUleTAkan´yk mñal

GñkTaMgLaymanGayu enHehAza vaeyaZatuxagkñuúg ³ . k*ctuZatuvvdðan kñúgmhahtæibTubmsURtenH yagNamij

sUm|IkñúgrahuelavaTsURt nig ZatuviPg<sURt k*y¨agenaHEdr .

‘GZib|aykñúgmhahtiæbTubmsURt’ ‘215’ enHCaBaküEkbTEdleRCA kñúgRBHsURtenaH . Ca

bfm bTza ²GCÄtþM bc©tþM³ TaMgBIrenH CaeQμaH énniyks&BÞ .

ZmμCatEdlekIt kñúgxøÜn esckþIza GaRs&yenAkñúgsnþanrbs´xøÜn

eQμaHza niyk; . niyk; enHnu@H elakehAza ²GCÄtþM³ eRBaH

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visuTÆimK< ERb 277

Gae:Kt; ‘RbEhlnwgTwk’ . rbsenaH :ndlGVI/ . :ndl´

lk¡N; KWkarRCYtRCab énGae:Zatu .

‘eteCa’ rbsEdleQμaHza ePøIg eRBaHGMNacénkareZVIoekþA .

vtæúNa eTAehIy kñúgeteCaTaMgLay edayn&yEdl:neBalmk

ehIynu@HÉg eRBaHehtuenaH vtæúenaH eTIbeQμaHza eteCaKt;

‘RbEhlnwgePøIg’ . vtæúenaH :ndlGVI / . vtæúenaH :ndl´

lk¡N; KWCarbs´EdlekþA .

Baküza ²eyn c³ esckþIza ragkayenH rEmgekþAsBV

KWekItCMhayekþA edayPaBCaRKunmanRKunmYyézáCaeTAvijCaedIm

eRBaHeteCaKt;ÉNamYyEdlkMerIkeLIg .

Baküza ²eyn c Criyti³ esckþIza ragkayenH Etg

RTuDeRTameTA KWEtgdlnUvPaBCaGñkman«®nÞIy¾minRKb´RKan´ nUv

PaBGskmøaMgkMEhg nig nUvPaBCaGñkmanEs|kRCIvRCYj nigman

sks,ÚvCaedIm eRBaHeteCaKt;ÉNamYy .

Baküza ²eyn c CbriTyØti³ esckþIza ragkayenH Etg

RkhlRkhay eRBaHeteCaKt;ÉNamYyEdlkMerIkehIy . k*

buK<lenaH knÞkkenÞjza ²GatμaGjekþAEmn GatμaGjekþAEmn³

R:zñacg:nnUvzñaMsMrabBüa:lkMedA mansteZatsb|I ‘TwkedaH

zøaEdleKrMgasehIyykeTARtaMTwk> mYyrydg’ nUveKasItcnÞn¾

‘eRbgc&nÞn¾ EdleKpSMedayTwkedaHeKa’ CaedIm nig nUvxülEdl

bkecjGMBIZagetñatpg .

278 smaZinieTÞs

Baküza ²eyn c GsitbItxayitsayitM smμa briNamM Kcäti³ esckþIza rbsEdlbuK<lsIu man:yCaedImkþI rbs´

EdlbuK<lpwk manTwk:n;CaedImkþI rbsEdlbuK<lTMBasIu man

nMGMEbgCaedImkþI rbsEdlbuK<lCJ¢kCJ¢ab mansVayTMu TwkXMu

nig TwkGMeBACaedImkþI enaH rEmgdlnUvkarrlYyeTA yagRsYl

GZib|ayza rEmgdl´nUvkarEbgEckeTA edayPav;manrsCaedIm

edayeteCaKt; ÉNamYy .

k*kñúgGakar; 4 yagn@uH Gakar; 3 xagedIm maneteCaZatu

Casmudðan Gakar;cugeRkameK mankmμCasmudðanEmnBit .

‘vaeya’ ZmμCatEdleQμaHza vaeya eRBaHGMNacénkarbkpat .

vtæúNa eTAkñúgvaeyaTaMgLay edayn&yEdl:neBalmkehIy

nu@HÉg eRBaHehtuenaH vtæúenaH eQμaHza vaeyaKt; ‘RbEhlnwg

xül’ . vtæúenaH :ndlGVI / . vtæúenaH :ndllk¡N; KWkar

kMerIk .

Baküza ²óTÆg<ma vata³ KWxülEdlbkeTAxagelI júaMg

Gakar;maneRKI nig RteGIkCaedIm oRbRBwtþeTA . Baküza ²GeZa Kma vata³ KWxülEdlbkcuHmkeRkam naMykóc©ar; nig bsSav;

CaedImoecjmk . bTza ²kucäisya vata³ KWxülenAxageRkA

eBaHev[n . bTza ²ekadðasya vata³ KWxül´xagkñúgeBaHev[n .

bTza ²Gg<mg<asnusariena vata³ KWxülEdlbkeTAtamsBV

sB(ag<kaytUcZMM kñúgsrIr;TaMgmUl tamExSsrésQam júaMgkar

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280 smaZinieTÞs

xagsRmabPikú¡GñkmanR:C\aminsUvxøaMgkøavij kalebIeZVITukkñúgcitþ

y¨agdUecñHç kmμdðan rEmgggwtGnÆkar minR:kdc|as . TalEt

Pikú¡enaHeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayBisþar edayn&ymun eTIbkmμdðanR:kd

c|as . esckþIenH manóbmayagdUcemþc/ . manóbmaza kal

ebIPikú¡ 2 rUb sVaZüay nUvviZIEdlmanebyüaleRcInç Pikú¡Gñkman

bJ¦axøaMgkøa júaMgebyüalmux oBisþar mYycb ß BIrcbehIy

bnÞabmk kaleZVInUvkarsVaZüay edayGMNacénTIbMputTaMgBIr

hñwgÉg eTAç bNþaPikú¡TaMg 2 rUb enaH Pikú¡GñkmanR:C\aminxøaMgkøa

nwgCaGñkeBal yagenHza ²enaHKWCakarsVaZüayGVI minTan´:n

eZVIoRtwmEtbbUrmatbHBalKñapgç kalebIeZVIkarsVaZüayEbbenH

eBlNaeTA viZIEbbbT nwgsÞatCMnaj:n³ . Pikú¡enaH júaMg

ebyüalmuxEdlmkdlehIy> oBisþarPøam> ehIyeZVInUvkar

sVaZüayç Pikú¡eRkABIenH k*eBaleTAkan´Pikú¡rUbenaH yagenHza ²nu@H

KWCakarsVaZüayGVI minTan´:ndlTIbMputpg kaleZVIkarsVaZüay

y¨agenH eBlNaeTA reb[bEbbbT nwgdlnUvTIbMput:n³ dUecñH

y¨agNamijç karkMNtZatu edayBisþar edayGMNacénGakar;

manskCaedIm rEmgR:kd yWtyUr sRmabPikú¡GñkmanbJ¦axøaMg

køaç kalebIPikú¡enaH eZVITukkñúgcitþ edayseg¡b tamn&yza ²vtæú

Na manlk¡N;rwg vtæúenH KWZatudI³ dUecñHCaedImç kmμdðan eTIb

R:kdç cMENkxagPikú¡eRkABIenH kaleZVITukkñúgcitþ yagdUecñaHEdr

kmμdðan rEmgggwtGnÆkar minR:kdc|asç kalebIPikú¡enaH eZVITuk

kñúgcitþ edayBisþar edayGMNacénGakar;manskCaedIm kmμdðan

visuTÆimK< ERb 279

bt nig karlatecj ‘nUvGvyv;’ CaedIm oekIteLIg . bTza

²GsSaesa³ :ndl xüldkdegØImcUleTABÆd*xagkñúg . bTza

²bsSaesa³ :ndl xüldkdegØImecjeTAxageRkA .

k*kñúgxül 6 yagenH xül 5 xagedIm Cactusmudðan

‘KWmancitþ km μ rdUv nig GaharCasmudðan’ xülGsSas; nig

bsSas; mancitþCasmudðanEtmüag .

edaybTza ²yM va bnJ¦m|ikiJ©i³ enH KWelakse®g<aH

Gae:ZatuCaedIm kñúgcMENkd*essTaMgLay kñúgnieTÞsTaMgBYg .

edayRbkardUceBalmkenH ZatuTaMg4 KWelakeZVIoBisþar

ehIy edayGakar;TaMgLay 42 KW bfvIZatu edayGakar; 20

Gae:Zatu edayGakar 12 eteCaZatu edayGakar; 4 vaeyaZatu

edayGakar; 6 yaenHÉg . enHCakarBN(naesckþIén:lI kñúg

ctuZatuvvdðanenaH Cabfm .

‘Pavnan&y y¨agseg¡b’ ‘216’ cMENkvinicä&y kñúgPavnan&y kñúgZatukmμdðanenH

bNÐitKb|IRCabdUcteTAenH . sRmab´Pikú¡GñkmanR:C\axøaMgkøa kar

kMNtZatuedayBisþarza ²skTaMgLayCaZatudI eramTaMgLayCa

ZatudI³ yagenHCaedIm rEmgR:kd edayyWtyUr . bu¨EnþkalebI

Pikú¡enaH eZVITukkñúgcitþza ²vtæúNa manlk¡N;rwg vtæúenH KWZatudIç

vtæúNa manlk¡N;ravRCYtRCab vtæúenH KWZatuTwkç vtæúNa man

lk¡N;ekþA vtæúenH KWZatuePøIgç vtæúNa manlk¡N;kMerIkeTA:n

vtæúenH KWZatuxül³ dUecñHç kmμdðan rEmgR:dkc|as . cMENk

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visuTÆimK< ERb 281

rEmgR:kdc|as k*y¨agenaHEdr .

‘viZIcMerInZatukmμdðansMrab´Pikú¡GñkmanbJ¦akøa’ eRBaHehtuenaH Pikú¡GñkmanbJ¦axøaMgkøa CaGñkR:zñanwgcMerIn

kmμdðanenH CadMbUg Kb|IeTAkñúgTIsáat BYnsmáM BicarNanUvrUbkay

rbs´xøÜnTaMgmUl ehIykMNtnUvZatuTaMgLay edayseg¡b yag

enHza ²PaBCarbs´rwgkþI PaBCarbsrwgmaMkþI ÉNa ‘man’ kñúg

kayenH enHKWZatudIç PaBCarbsRCYtRCabeTA:nkþI PaBCarbs´

ravkþI ÉNa ‘man’ kñúgkayenH enHKWZatuTwkç PaBCarbseqHkIþ

PaBCarbsekþA ÉNa ‘man’ kñúgkayenH enHKWZatuePøIgç PaBCa

rbs´bke:kkþI PaBCarbskMerIkkþI ÉNa ‘man’ kñúgkayenH enH

KWZatuxül³ dUecñH ehIyKb|InwkrMBwgeZVITukkñúgcitþ BicarNa eday

zaRKanEtCaZatu minEmnCastV minEmnCaCIv; za ²ZatudI ZatuTwk³

dUecñHCaedIm o:ner]y> . kalebIPikú¡enaH Büayam yagdUecñH

smaZi EdlbJ¦abMPøWnUvPaBepSgKñaénZatu kMNtykehIy Ca

smaZi mindlnUvGb|na :nRtwmEtóbcar; eRBaHCasmaZiEdl

mansPavZm(CaGarmμN¾ rEmgekIteLIg edayminyWtyUreLIy .

ßebImindUecñaHeT ekadðas ‘cMENk’ TaMgLay 4 enHÉNa

EdlRBHZmμesnabtI eBalehIy edIm|IdMEdgnUvPaBénmhaPUtrUb

TaMg 4 minEmnCastV za ²Gakas EdlGaRs&yqÁwgxøH GaRs&y

srésxøH GaRs&ysacxøH GaRs&yEs|kxøH rYbrYmCamYyKñaehIy

eTIbehAza rUb:n ‘1’ ³ dUecñaHÉg . Pikú¡ Kb|IcMENknUvekadðas

1- suÇ mÇ mUÇ PaKTI 21 TMB&rTI 211 .

282 smaZinieTÞs

TaMgLayenaH edayédKWjaNEdlsÞúHeTAtamcenøaH> énekadðas

enaH> ehIykMNtnUvZatuTaMgLay tamn&yxagedImenaHÉg za

²PaBCarbsrwgkþI PaBCarbsrwgmaMkþI ÉNa kñúgekadðasTaMgLay

enH enHKWCaZatudI³ dUecñHCaedIm ehIynwkCJ¢wgrMBwgKit eZVITukkñúg

citþ BicarNa edayzaRKanEtCaZatu minEmnCastV minEmnCaCIv;

za ²ZatudI ZatuTwk³ dUecñHCaedIm o:ner]y> . kalebIPikú¡enaH

Büayam yagdUecñaHç smaZi EdlbJ¦abMPøWnUvPaBepSgKñaénZatu

kMNtykehIy CasmaZi mindlnUvGb|na :nRtwmEtóbcar;

eRBaHCasmaZiEdlmansPavZm(CaGarmμN¾ rEmgekIteLIg eday

minyWtyUreLIy .

enHCaPavnan&y kñúgctuZatuvvdðanEdlmkehIyedayseg¡b .

‘vitæarn&y’

‘217’ cMENkPavnan&y kñúgctuZatuvvdðan EdlmkehIy

edayBisþar bNÐitKb|IRCab dUcteTAenH .

k*RBHeyaKI GñkmanbJ¦aminxøaMgkøa R:zñanwgcMerInkmμdðanenH

Kb|Ier[nyknUvZatuTaMgLay edayBisþar edayGakar;TaMgLay

42 kñúgsMNakénGacarü ehIyenAkñúgTIesnasn; manRbkardUc

eBalmkehIy eZVIkic©TaMgBYgo:nseRmc eTAkñúgTIsáat BYnsmáM

Kb|IcMerInkmμdðan edayGakar;TaMgLay 4 yagdUecñH za ³eday

ssmÖarseg¡b ‘seg¡bekadðasTaMgLaycUlCaBYk> tamGakar;

énZatuenaH>’ edayssmÖarviPtþi ‘cMENkekadðasénZatuTaMgenaH>

kMNtGakar; edayELkGMBIKña’ edayslk¡Nseg¡b ‘seg¡b

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284 smaZinieTÞs

edayvaca nUvGakarTaMgLay mantcbJ©k;CaedIm kñúgGakar;

32 TaMgedayGnuelam nig bdielam . cMENkesckþIepSgKña

manEtbu¨eNÑHÉg . KWsUm|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvGakar;TaMgLay man

skCaedIm edayGMNacB(N RTgRTay Okas nig briecäT kñúg

kayKtastienaH RtUvtMklcitþTuk edayGMNacénbdikUlç kñúg

ZatuvvdðanenH RtUvtMklcitþTuk edayGMNacénZatu . eRBaHehtu

enaH eyaKavcrPikú¡ luHeZVITukkñúgcitþnUvGakarTaMgLamanskCaedIm

eday‘mYyRkum’R:M> edayGMNacénB(NCaedImehIy kñúgTIbMput

Kb|IjúaMgmnsikar oRbRBwtþeTA dUcteTAenH KW ; .

‘bfvIekadðas’

‘eksa’ Zmμta skTaMgLayenH ekItehIy RtgEs|kEdlrMuB&TÆ

nUvllad¾k|al . kñúgEs|kEdlrMuB&TÆllad¾k|alCamYynwgsk

TaMgLayenaH Es|kEdlrMuB&TÆllad¾k|al mindwgeLIyza sk

TaMgLay ekItehIyelIGjç ÉskTaMgLay k*mindwgEdrza Gj

ekItehIy elIEs|kEdlrMuB&TÆllad¾k|al eRb[bdUcCa kñúgesμA

d*lÁitTaMgLay EdlekItehIy elIk|aldMbUk k|aldMbUk k*min

dwgza esμAd*lÁitTaMgLy ekItehIy elIGjç cMENkÉesμA

d*lÁitTaMgLay k*mindwgpgEdrza GjekItehIy elIk|aldMbUk

y¨agdUecñaHÉg . Zm(TaMgLaynu@H R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig kar

BicarNadlKñanwgKña . ZmμtaskTaMgLay Caekadðas EpñkmYy

kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV

visuTÆimK< ERb 283

ekadðasTaMgLaycUlCaBYk> tamlk¡N;énZatuenaH>’ eday

slk¡NviPtþi ‘cMENkekadðasénZatuenaH> kMNtlk¡N;eday

ELkGMBIKña’³ .

‘cMerInedayssmÖarseg¡b’ kñúgGakar;TaMg 4 enaH cMerIn edayssmÖarseg¡b etIdUc

emþc/ . Pikú¡ kñúgsasnaenH kMNtykGakar;rwg kñúgekadðas

20 za ²bfvIZatu³ kMNtykGakar;RCYtRCab EdlCarbsrav

eBalKWTwk kñúgekadðas 12 za ²Gae:Zatu³ kMNtykkMedAEdl

CaeRK]gdut kñúgekadðas 4 za ²eteCaZatu³ kMNtykGakar;bk´

e:keTAmk kñúgekadðas 6 za ²vaeyaZatu³ . kalebIPikú¡enaH

kMNt yagdUecñaHÉgç ZatuTaMgLay k*rEmgR:kd . kalebI

Pikú¡enaH rMBwgKit eZVITukkñúgcitþnUvZatuTaMgLayenaHer]y> óbcar-

smaZi rEmgekIteLIg tamn&yEdl:neBalmkehIyenaHÉg .

k*bu¨EnþebIPikú¡Na cMerInyagdUecñaH kmμdðan min:nseRmcç Pikú¡enaH

Kb|IcMerIn edayssmÖarviPtþicuH .

‘cMerInedayssmÖarviPtþi’ cMerIn edayssmÖarviPtþi etIdUcemþc/ . KWCadMbUg Pikú¡enaH

Kb|IeZVInUvóK<hekasl ‘KWsÞatCMnajkñúgkarer[nyk’ 7 Rbkar

nig mnsikarekasl ‘KWsÞatCMnaj kñúgkareZVITukkñúgcitþ’ 10

Rbkar Edl:neBalmkehIy kñúgkayKtastikmμdðannieTÞsTaMg

Gs minosabsUnü ehIyeZVIviZIEdleBalehIy kñúgkayKta-

stikmμdðannieTÞsenaH RKby¨ag cabepþImtaMgEtGMBIkarsVaZüay

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visuTÆimK< ERb 285

Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘elama’ ‘218’ eramTaMgLay ekItehIy elIEs|krMuB&TÆsrIr; .

bNþaEs|krMuB&TÆsrIr; nig eramTaMgLayenaH Es|krMuB&TÆsrIr; min

dwgza eramTaMgLay ekItehIy elIGjç cMENkÉeramTaMgLay

k*mindwgpgEdrza Gj ekItehIyelIEs|krMuB&TÆsrIr; eRb[bdUcCa

kñúgesμArNþasTaMgLay EdlekIt RtgTIkEnøgpÞHEdlsáat TI

kEnøgpÞHEdlsáat k*mindwgza esμArNþas ekItehIy elIGjç

cMENkÉesμArNþasesat k*mindwgpgEdrza GjekItehIy Rtg´

kEnøgpÞHEdlsáat yagdUecñaHÉg . Zm(TaMgnu@H R:scakkarrMBwg

Kit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaeramTaMgLay Ca

cMENkmYyedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt

esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbsrwg CabfvIZatu dUecñHÉg .

‘nxa’ RkckTaMgLay ekItehIy elIcugénRmamédTaMgLay .

bNþaRmaméd nig RkckTaMgLayenaH RmamédTaMgLay mindwgza

RkckTaMgLay ekItehIyelIcugrbsGjç ÉRkckTaMgLayvij

k*mindwgpgEdrza Gj ekItehIy elIcugRmamédTaMgLay eRb[b

dUcCa nakalkumarTaMgLay ykeQIeTAedat RKab´maksagTaMg

Lay ehIyelgç eQITaMgLay mindwgza RKabmaksag Cab´

ehIyelIGjç cMENkÉRKabmaksag k*mindwgpgEdrza Gj

CabehIy elIeQITaMgLay yagdUecñaHÉg . Zm(TaMgLaynu@H

286 smaZinieTÞs

R:scakkarrMBwgKit nigkarBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaRkck

TaMgLay CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna

CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu eday

RbkardUecñHÉg .

‘Tnþa’ eZμjTaMgLay ekItehIy RtgqÁwgcg,arTaMgLay . bNþa

qÁwgcg,ar nig eZμjTaMgLayenaH qÁwgcg,ar mindwgza eZμjTaMg

Lay ekItehIy elIGjç cMENkÉeZμjTaMgLay k*mindwgpg

Edrza Gj ekItehIy kñúgqÁwgcg,arTaMgLay eRb[bdUcCa kñúg

ssrEdlBYkCageQITaMgLay labedayC&rsÁit ÉNanImYy

ehIy dakeTAkñúgreNþAzμTaMgLay reNþATaMgLay mindwgza

ssrTaMgLay taMgenAehIy elIGjç cMENkÉssrTaMgLay

vij k*mindwgpgEdrza Gj taMgenAehIy kñúgreNþATaMgLay

y¨agdUecñaHÉg . ZmμtaZm(TaMgn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig kar

BicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaeZμjTaMgLay CacMENkepSg

edayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü

minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘teca’ Es|k rMuB&TÆsrIr;TaMgmUl ehIytaMgenA . bNþasrIr; nig

Es|kTaMgenaH srIr; mindwgza Gj KWEs|krMuB&TÆehIyç cMENÉ

Es|kvij k*mindwgpgEdrza srIr; RtUvGjrMuB&TÆehIy eRb[bdUcCa

bNþaBiNZM EdlrMuB&TÆedayEs|keKaTTwk BiNZM mindwgza Gj

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288 smaZinieTÞs

eQICJ¢aMgTaMgLayEdleKcgedayvløi¾TaMgLay eQICJ¢aMgTaMg

Lay mindwgza Gj RtUvvløi¾TaMgLay rYbrwtehIyç cMENkvløi¾

TaMgLayvij k*mindwgpgEdrza eQICJ¢aMgTaMgLay RtUvGjrYb

rwtehIy yagdUecñaHÉg . Zm(TaMgLaynu@H R:scakkarrMBwgKit

nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtasrésTaMgLayCacMENk

epSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü

minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘GdðI’ bNþaqÁwgTaMgLay qÁwgEkgeCIgRTnUvqÁwgkeCIgehIyfitenAç

qÁwgkeCIg RTnUvCg<gehIyfitenAç qÁwgCg<g RTnUvqÁwgePøAehIyfit

enAç qÁwgePøARTnUvqÁwgceg,HehIyfitenAç qÁwgceg,HRTnUvqÁwgxñgehIy

fitenAç qÁwgxñg RTnUvqÁwg-k ehIyfitenAç qÁwg-k RTnUvqÁwgk|al

ehIyfitenAç qÁwgk|al fitenAelIqÁwg-kç qÁwg-k fitenAelIqÁwg

xñgç qÁwgxñg fitenAelIqÁwgceg,Hç qÁwgceg,H fitenAelIqÁwgePøAç qÁwg

ePøA fitenAelIqÁwgCg<gç qÁwgCg<g fitenAelIqÁwgkeCIgç qÁwgkeCIg

fitenAelIqÁwgEkgeCIg . bNþaqÁwgTaMgenaH qÁwgEkgeCIg mindwgza

Gj RTnUvqÁwgkeCIg ehIyfitenAç cMENkqÁwgkeCIg k*mindwgEdr

za Gj RTnUvqÁwgCg<g ehIyfitenAç qÁwgCg<g k*mindwgza Gj RT

nUvqÁwgePøA ehIyfitenAç qÁwgePøA k*mindwgza Gj RTnUvqÁwgceg,H

ehIyfitenAç qÁwgceg,H k*mindwgEdrza Gj RTnUvqÁwgxñg ehIyfit

enAç qÁwgxñg k*mindwgEdrza Gj RTnUvqÁwg-k ehIyfitenAç qÁwg-k

k*mindwgEdrza Gj RTnUvqÁwgk|al ehIyfitenAç qÁwgk|al k*min

visuTÆimK< ERb 287

RtUvEs|keKaTTwk rMuB&TÆehIyç cMENkEs|keKaTTwk k*mindwgpg

Edrza BiNZM RtUvGjrMuB&TÆehIy yagdUecñaHÉg . ZmμtaZm(TaMg

n@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . Zm μta

Es|k CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna Ca

GBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu eday

RbkardUecñHÉg .

‘mMsM’ sac bUklabtameRKagqÁwg ehIytaMgenA . bNþasac´

nig eRKagqÁwgTaMgenaH eRKagqÁwgmindwgza Gj RtUvRbePTénsac

900 dMu bUklabehIyç cMENkÉsacvij k*mindwgEdrza eRKag

qÁwg RtUvGjbUklabehIy eRb[bdUcCa bNþaCJ¢aMgpÞHEdleKbUk

labehIy edaydIsÁitdMuZM CJ¢aMg mindwgza Gj RtUvdIsÁitdMud*ZM

bUkehIyç cMENkÉdIsÁitdMuZMvij k*mindwgpgEdrza CJ¢aMg RtUv

GjbUkehIy yagdUecñaHÉg . ZmμtaZm(TaMgn@uH R:scakkar

rMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . Zmμtasac CacMENk

epSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna CaGBüaRkwt esaH

sUnü minEmnstV Carbsrwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘srés’ srésTaMgLay rYbrwtqÁwgTaMgLay taMgenA kñúgcenøaH én

srIr; . bNþasrés nigqÁwgTaMgenaH qÁwgTaMgLaymindwgza Gj

RtUvsrésTaMgLayrYbrwtehIyç cMENkÉsrésTaMgLay k*min

dwgpgEdrza qÁwgTaMgLay RtUvGjrYbrwtehIy eRb[bdUcCa bNþa

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visuTÆimK< ERb 289

dwgEdrza Gj fitenAelIqÁwg-kç qÁwg-k k*mindwgEdrza Gj fit

enAelIqÁwgxñgç qÁwgxñg k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAelIqÁwgceg,Hç qÁwg

ceg,H k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAelIqÁwgePøAç qÁwgePøA k*mindwgEdrza

Gj fitenAelIqÁwgCg<gç qÁwgCg<g k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAelI

qÁwgkeCIgç qÁwgkeCIg k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAelIqÁwgEkgeCIg

eRb[bbIdUcCabNþaRsTabénvtæú man«dð eQI nig eKam&yCaedIm

vtæúEdlenAxageRkam> mindwgza Gj RTRTgnUvvtæúEdlenAxag

elI> ehIyfitenAç cMENkÉvtæúEdlenAxagelI> k*mindwgEdrza

Gj fitenAelIvtæúxageRkam> yagdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMg

Layn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk .

ZmμtaqÁwg CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna

CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu eday

RbkardUecñHÉg .

‘GdðimiJ¢M’ xYrkñúgqÁwg fitenARtgcenøaHxagkñúg énqÁwgTaMgLayenaH> .

bNþaqÁwg nig xYrTaMgenaH qÁwgTaMgLay mindwgza xYr fitenAehIy

BÆd*xagkñúgGjç cMENkÉxYrvij k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy

BÆd*xagkñúg énqÁwgTaMgLay eRb[bbIdUcCa bNþabNþÚlTaMgLay

manbNþÚlepþA EdleKRsuHehIyCaedIm RtUveKRckcUleTA BÆd*

xagkñúg énbMBgTaMgLaymanbMBgb\sSICaedIm vtæúmanbMBgb\sSI

CaedIm mindwgza bNþÚlepþATaMgLay KWeKRckehIy kñúgGjç É

bNþÚlepþATaMgLay k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgvtæúTaMg

290 smaZinieTÞs

Lay manbMBgb\sSICaedIm yagdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMgLay

n@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . Zm μta

xYrkñúgqÁwg CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna

CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu eday

RbkardUecñHÉg .

‘vk,M’ Tac CadMusacEdlCabCamYynwgsrésZM edImmanEtmYy

srés ecjGMBIbMBgkeTAbnþic k*EbkCa 2 srés rMusacebHdUg

ehIyfitenA . bNþasrésZM nig TacenaH srésZM mindwg za

Tac CabrMuB&TÆ edayGjç cMENkÉTac k*mindwgEdrza Gj rMuB&TÆ

srésZM eRb[bdUcCa bNþaEpøsVayePøaH EdlCabCamYynwgTg

Tgmindwgza EpøsVayePøaH CabedaysaGjç cMENkEpøsVayePøaH

k*mindwgpgEdrza Gj Cab´edaysaTg yagdUecñaHÉg . sPav-

Zm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTA

mk . ZmμtaTac CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minman

citþ CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbsrwg CabfvIZatu

edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘hTyM’ ebHdUg GaRs&yRtgkNþaleRKag énqÁwgedImRTUg fitenA

BÆd*xagkñúgénsrIr; . bNþaBÆd*xagkñúgeRKagénqÁwgRTUg nig ebHdUg

enaH BÆd*xagkñúgeRKagénqÁwgedImRTUg mindwgza ebHdUg fitenA:n

eRBaHGaRs&yGjç cMENkÉebHdUg k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenA

ពទ�ធកស

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292 smaZinieTÞs

esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbsrwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñH.

‘kielamkM’ bNþavavTaMgLay vavEdlkM:Mg rYbrwtnUvebHdUgpg nUv

Tacpg ehIyfitenAç vavEdlminkM:Mg rMusacxageRkam énEs|k

kñúgsrIr;TaMgmUl ehIyfitenA . CMnMuTac ebHdUg nig sac kñúg

srIr;TaMgmUlenaH Tac ebHdUg nig sac kñúgsrIr;TaMgmUlenaH

mindwgza Gj RtUvbiT:MgehIy edayvavç vav k*mindwgza Tac

ebHdUg nig sackñúgsrIr;TaMgmUl RtUvGjbiT:MgehIy eRb[b

bIdUcCa nakalsac EdlbuK<lykkMNatsMBtx©behIy sac

mindwgza Gj RtUveKx©behIy edaykMNatsMBtç cMENkÉ

kMNatsMBt k*mindwgpgEdrza sac RtUveKx©behIy edayGj

y¨agdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig

karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . Zmμtavav CacMENkepSgedayELk

kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV

Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘bihkMM’ RkBH fitenA GaRs&ynUvxagénk|aléndM:reBaH Rtgxag

eqVg énebHdUg . nakaldMu:yG EdlbuK<ldakehIy GaRs&y

nUvxagkMBUlénCRguk TIxagkMBUlénCRguk mindwgza dMu:yG fit

enAehIy eRBaHGaRs&ynUvGjç cMENkdMu:yG k*mindwgEdrza

Gj fitenAehIy eRBaHGaRs&ynUvxagkMBUlénCRguk yagNa

mijç bNþaTIxagelIdM:reBaHxageqVg nig RkBHenaH TIxagk|al

visuTÆimK< ERb 291

:n eRBaHGaRs&yxagkñúg éneRKagénqÁwgedImRTUg eRb[bbIdUcCa

bNþadMusac EdlbuK<ltMkl´Tuk GaRs&yxagkñúgéneRKagénEsñg

sRmabEsgEdlcas xagkñúgéneRKagénEsñgEsgEdlcas min

dwgza dMusac RtUvbuK<ltMkl´Tuk eRBaHGaRs&yGjç cMENkÉdMu

sac k*mindwgEdrza xagkñúgéneRKagénEsñgEsg RtUvbuK<ltMkl´

Tuk eRBaHGaRs&yGj y¨agdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH

R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaebH

dUg CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna Ca

GBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu eday

RbkardUecñHÉg .

‘yknM’ ezøIm fitenAehIy GaRs&ynUvCMeh[gxagsþaM BÆd*xagkñúg

énedaHTaMgBIr xagkñúgénsrIr; . bNþaCMeh[gxagsþaM BÆd*xagkñúg

énedaH nig ezøImenaH CMeh[gxagsþaM kñúgxagkñúgénedaHTaMgLay

mindwgza ezøImfitenAehIy eRBaHGaRs&yGjç cMENkÉezøImvij

k*mindwgEdrza GjfitenAehIy eRBaHGaRs&yCMeh[gxagsþaM kñúg

xagkúñgénedaHTaMgLay eRb[bdUcCabNþadMusacePøaH EdlCabenA

RtgTIxagénGMEbgqñaMg TIxagénGMEbgqñaMg mindwgza dMusacePøaH

CabenAelIGjç cMENkÉdMusacePøaH k*mindwgEdrza GjCabenA

RtgTIxagénGMEbgqñaMg y¨agdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH

R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaezøIm

CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt

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visuTÆimK< ERb 293

éndM:reBaH mindwgza RkBH fitenAehIy eRBaHGaRs&ynUvGjç

cMENkÉRkBH k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy eRBaHGaRs&ynUv

TIxagénkMBUléndM:reBaH k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMgLay

n@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . Zm μta

RkBH CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna Ca

GBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu eday

RbkardUecñHÉg .

‘b:ösM’ sYt biT:MgxagelIebHdUgpg ezøImpg enARtgcenøaH én

edaHTaMgBIr kñúgxagkñúgénsrIr; ehIysMyugcuH fitenA . nakal

sMbukénstVsøab z¬kBüÜr kñúgxagkñúgénCRgukcas´ TIxagkñúg én

CRgukcas mindwgza sMbukénstVsøab kalz¬kehIyfitenA elI

Gjç cMENkÉsMbukstVsøab k*mindwgEdrza Gj kalz¬kehIy

fitenA kñúgxagkñúgénCRgukcas´ yagNamijç bNþaTIxagkñúg én

srIr; nig sYtenaH TIxagkñúgénsrIr; mindwgza sYt kalz¬k´

ehIy fitenAelIGjç cMENksYt k*mindwgEdrza Gj kalz¬k´

ehIy fitenA kñúgxagkñúgsrIr; mansPaBEbbenH yagenaHEdr .

sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTA

vijeTAmk . ZmμtasYt CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH

minmanectna CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbsrwg

CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘GnþM’

294 smaZinieTÞs

eBaHev[nZM fitenA kñúgxagkñúgénsrIr; RtgTIbMput énsnÞH

bMBgk nig pøÚvénGaharcas´ . bNþaTIxagkñúgénsrIr; nig eBaH

ev[nZMenaH TIxagkñúgénsrIr; mindwgza eBaHev[nZM fitenA elIGjç

cMENkÉeBaHev[nZM k*mindwgEdrza GjfitenA kñúgxagkñúgénsrIr;

eRb[bdUcCa nakalsaksBénBs mank|alKWbuK<lkatehIy

EdleKdakbMeBn kñúgsñÚkénQamç sñÚkénQam mindwgza sak

sBénBs fitenAelIGjç cMENkÉsaksBénBs k*mindwgEdr

za Gj fitenA kñúgsñÚkénQam yagdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMg

Layn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk .

ZmμtaeBaHev[nZM CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minman

citþ CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbsrwg CabfvIZatu

edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘GnþKuNM’ eBaHev[ntUc B&TÆB&nÆ nUvpñténeBaHev[nZMTaMgLay 21 pñt´

RtgcenøaHéneBaHev[nZM ehIyfitenA . nakalExSTaMgLayEdl

xÞasnUvrgVgénExSsMrabeCIg ehIyfitenAç cgVayExSsMrabCUteCIg

mindwgza ExSTaMgLaycakERsHnUveyIg ehIyfitenAç cMENkExS

TaMgLay k*mindwgEdrza eyIgcakERsHnUvvgVgénExSsMrabCUteCIg

ehIyfitenA yagNamijç bNþaeBaHev[nZM nig eBaHev[ntUcenaH

eBaHev[nZM mindwgza eBaHev[ntUc cgTUeTAnUvGj ehIyfitenAç

cMENkÉeBaHev[ntUc k*mindwgEdrza Gj cgTUeTAnUveBaHev[nZM

ehIyfitenA k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scak

ពទ�ធកស

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រារាម

296 smaZinieTÞs

Gaharcas´ k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgRkBHénóc©ar;

k*y¨agenaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig

karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaGaharcas´ CacMENkepSg

edayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü

minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘mtælug<M’ xYrkñúgk|al fitenA kñúgxagkúñg énllad¾k|al . bNþa

xagkñúgénllad¾k|al nig xYrkñúgk|alenaH TIxagkñúgénllad¾

k|al mindwgza xYrkñúgk|al fitenAehIy elIGjç cMENkxYrkñúg

k|al k*mindwgpgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgxagkñúgénllad¾

k|al eRb[bdUcCa nakaldMuénemSA EdlbuK<lRckehIykñúgsMbk

eXøakcasç llad¾eXøak mindwgza duMénemSA fitenAehIy elI

Gjç cMENkdMuénemSA k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgsMbk

eXøak yagdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scakkarrMBwg

Kit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaxYrkñúgk|al CacMENk

epSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna CaGBüaRkwt esaH

sUnü minEmnstV Carbsrwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘Gae:ekadðas’

‘bitþM’ bNþaRbmatTaMgLay Rbmat«teRsam RCYtRCabnUvsrIr;

TaMgmUl Cab´cMeBaHehIynUvCIviti®nÞIy¾ ehIyfitenAç Rbmat´man

eRsamfitenAehIy kñúgeRsaménRbmat . nakaleRbgRCYtRCab

visuTÆimK< ERb 295

karrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaeBaHev[ntUc

CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt

sUnü minEmnstV Carbsrwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘óTriyM’ vtæúEdleKsIu pwk TMBasIu CJ¢kCJ¢ab fitenA kñúgeBaH

eQμaHza GaharzμI . bNþaeBaH nig GaharzμIenaH eBaH mindwgza

GaharzμI fitenAelIGjç cMENkÉGaharzμI k*mindwgEdrza Gj

fitenA kñúgeBaH eRb[bbIdUcCa nakalkMGYténEq, EdlfitenAehIy

kñúgsñÚkénEq,ç sñÚkénEq, mindwgza kMGYténEq, fitenAehIyelIGjç

cMENkÉkMGYténEq, k*mindwgza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgsñÚkénEq,

y¨agdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig

karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaGaharzμI CacMENkepSgeday

ELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmn

stV Carbsrwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘krIsM’ Gaharcas fitenAkñúgTIbMputéneBaHev[nZM R:kdesμIeday

zñaMgénb\sSI 8 Zñab eBalKWRkBHénGaharcas´ . nakaldIsÁit

manB(Nel]gd*Tn EdlbuK<lRc:c ehIyRckeTAkñúgzñaMgb\sSIç

zñaMgénb\sSI mindwgza dIsÁitmanB(Nel]g fitenAehIyelIeyIgç

cMENkÉdIsÁitvij k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgzñaMg én

b\sSI yagNamijç bNþaRkBHóc©ar; nig Gaharcas´enaH RkBH

énóc©ar; mindwgza Gaharcas fitenAehIy elIeyIgç cMENkÉ

ពទ�ធកស

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visuTÆimK< ERb 297

nUvnMehIyfitenAç nMmindwgza eRbgRCYtRCabnUvGj ehIyfitenAç

cMENkeRbg k*mindwgEdrza GjRCYtRCabnUvnM ehIyfitenA yag

Namijç bNþasrIr; nig Rbmat«teRsam nig RbmatmaneRsam

enaH srIr; mindwgza Rbmat«teRsamRCYtRCabGj ehIyfitenAç

cMENkÉRbmat«teRsam k*mindwgEdrza Gj RCYtRCabnUvsrIr;

ehIyfitenA k*y¨agenaHEdr . ‘mYyeT[t’ nakalsajénnenag

EdleBjehIy edayTwk kñúgrdUvePø{gç sMbknenagsaj mindwg

za TwkkñúgrdUvePø{g fitenAehIy kñúgGjç cMENkTwkkñúgrdUvePø{g

k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgsMbknenag yagNamijç

eRsaménRbmat mindwgza RbmatmaneRsamfitenAehIy kñúgGjç

cMENkRbmatmaneRsam k*mindwgpgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúg

eRsaménRbmat k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:s

cakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaRbmat´

CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt

esaHsUnü minEmnstV CaTwkesIm mankarRCYtRCabCaGakar; Ca

Gae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘esmMØ’ esøsμ manRbmaNeBjmYyTUkéd fitenA kñúgdM:reBaH .

nakalGNþÚgénRCaM mandMuénRkEBg EdlekItkñúgxagelIç GNþÚg

énRCaM mindwgza dMuénRkEBgTwk fitenAehIyelIGjç ÉRkEBgTwk

k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgGNþÚgénRCaM yagNamijç

bNþadM:reBaH nig esøsμTaMgenaH dM:reBaH mindwgza esøsμ

298 smaZinieTÞs

fitenAehIy elIGjç cMENkÉesøsμ k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenA

ehIykñúgdM:reBaH k*y¨agenaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:s

cakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . Zmμtaesøs μ Ca

cMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt

esaHsUnü minEmnstV CaTwkesIm mankarRCYtRCabCaGakar; Ca

Gae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘bueBVa’ xÞúH BMumanOkasenARbcaMeLIy kñúgsrIrb|eTsNa> Edl

RtUvvtæúTaMgLay mandg<tRcM bnøamut nig GNþatePøIgCaedIm bH

Tg<icehIyç Qam XaMgenAehIy k*xUceTAç müageT[t eraKTaMg

LaymanBk nig rlkEkvCaedIm rEmgekIteLIg k*fitenA kñúg

srIrb|eTsenaH>Ég . nakaleQImanC&rhUrecjehIy eday

GMNacénkarRbhar edayb¨UvezACaedImç RbeTsmankarRbharCa

edIméneQI mindwgza C&rfitenAehIy elIeyIgTaMgLayç cMENk

C&r k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgRbeTsmankarRbharCa

edIm énedImeQI yagNamijç bNþasrIrb|eTsEdlRtUvdg<t

nig bnøaCaedIm bHTg<ic nig xÞúHenaH RbeTsénsrIr;EdlRtUvdg<t´

nig bnøaCaedIm bHTg<icehIy mindwgza xÞúH fitenAehIy elIBYk

eyIgç cMENkxÞúH k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgRbeTsTaMg

LayenaH k*y¨agenaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scakkar

rMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaxÞúHCacMENkepSg

edayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü min

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300 smaZinieTÞs

‘eseTa’ ejIs bMeBjcenøaHénreNþA énsk nig eram ehIyfitenA

xøH hUrecjmk kñúgeBlTaMgLay maneBlEdlekþAsBV eday

ePøIgCaedImxøH . kñúgRbehagreNþAsk nig eram CamYynwgejIs

enaH RbehagreNþAénsk nig eramTaMgLay mindwgza ejIshUr

ecjcakeyIgTaMgLayç ejIs k*mindwgEdrza Gj hUrecjcak

RbehagreNþAénsk nig eramTaMgLay eRb[bdUcCa nakal:c´

énRkOQUk nig TgénQUkCaedIm RKanEtbuK<ldkeLIgecjGMBI

TwkehIyç cenøaHén:cman:cénRkOQUkCaedImmindwgza TwkhUr

ecjcakeyIgTaMgLayç Twk kalhUrecjcakRbehagén:c én

RkOQUkCaedIm k*mindwgEdrza Gj hUrecjcakRbehag én:c

RkOQUkCaedIm yagdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:s

cakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaejIs

CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt

esaHsUnü minEmnstV CaTwkesIm mankarRCYtRCabCaGakar; Ca

Gae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘emeTa’ xøajxab CaC&rEdlpSayeTAkan´srIr;TaMgmUl énmnusS

EdlZat CaC&rd*xabfitenA GaRs&ynUvsacTaMgLay mansac

sμgCaedIm rbs´mnusSs<m . nakaldMuénsac EdleKbiT:Mg

ehIy edaykMNatsMBt EdlbuK<lRClkehIyedayrem[tç dMu

énsac mindwgza kMNatsMBtEdleKRClkehIy edayrem[t

visuTÆimK< ERb 299

EmnCastV CaTwkesIm mankiriyaRCYtRCabCaGakar; CaGae:Zatu

edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘elahitM’ bNþaQamTaMgLay sMsrNelahit ‘QamEdlrteTA

mk’ RCYtRCabsrIr;TaMgmUl dUcCaRbmat ehIyfitenAç snñicit-

elahit ‘QamEdldkenA’ bMeBjEpñkxageRkam énkEnøgrbs´

ezøIm ehIyepSImnUvTac ebHdUg ezøIm nig sYtTaMgLay RbmaN

eBjmYyTUkéd ehIyfitenA . bNþaelahitTaMgBIrenaH vinicä&y

kñúgsMsrNelahit KWRbEhlKñanwgRbmat«tmaneRsamEdr .

cMENkkñúgsnñicitelahit eRkAGMBIenH Kb|IRCabvinic&äy dUcteTA

enH KW ; nakalTwk RskcuHehIy kñúgGMEbgEdlcas´ júaMgvtæú

TaMgLaymanKMnrdMudICaedIm BÆd*xageRkam oesImç vtæúTaMgLay

manKMnrdMudICaedIm mindwgza eyIgTaMgLayRtUvTwkeZVIoesImç Twk

k*mindwgpgEdrza Gj júaMgvtæúTaMgLaymanKMnrdMudICaedImoesIm

y¨agNamijç TIénPaKxageRkaménezøImkþI vtæúmanTacCaedImkþI min

dwgza Qam fitenA kñúgeyIg ß kalepSImnUveyIgehIyk*fitenAç

Qam k*mindwgEdrza GjbMeBjEpñkxageRkaménezøIm ehIyepSIm

TacCaedImoesIm ehIyfitenA k*y¨agenaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMg

Layn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk .

ZmμtaQamCacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ Ca

GBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV CaTwkesIm mankarRCYtRCab

CaGakar; CaGae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 301

fitenAehIy eRBaHGaRs&ynUvGjç cMENkkMNatsMBt EdleK

RClkedayrem[t k*mindwgEdrza GjfitenAehIy eRBaHGaRs&y

nUvdMusac yagNamijç bNþasacCamYyxøajxabenaH sac kñúg

srIr;TaMgmUlkþI kñúgGvyv;mansμgCaedImkþI mindwgza xøajxab´

fitenAehIy eRBaHGaRs&ynUvGjç cMENkxøaj´xab k*mindwgEdr

za Gj fitenAehIy eRBaHGaRs&ynUvsac kñúgsrIr;TaMgmUl ß

kñúgGvyv;mansμgCaedIm k*y¨agenaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH

R:scakkarrMBwgKit nigkarBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . Zmμtaxøaj´

xabCacMENkepSgedayELkkñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt

esaHsUnü minEmnstV CaC&rsÁit mankarRCYtRCabCaGakar; Ca

Gae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘GsSú’ TwkEPñk ekItRBm kñúgeBlNa kñúgeBlenaH TwkEPñk júaMg

reNþAEPñk oeBj ehIyfitenAxøH hUrecjmkxøH . bNþareNþA

EPñk nig TwkEPñkenaH reNþAénEPñk mindwgza TwkEPñkfitenAehIy

kñúgeyIgTaMgLayç cMENkTwkEPñk k*mindwgpgEdrza Gj fitenA

ehIy kñúgreNþAénEPñkTaMgLay eRb[bbIdUcCa nakalreNþA én

RKabetñatx©ITaMgLay EdleBjehIy edayTwkç reNþA énRKab´

etñatx©I mindwgza TwkfitenAehIy kñúgeyIgTaMgLayç cMENkTwk

kñúgreNþAénRKabetñatx©ITaMgLay k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy

kñúgreNþAénRKabetñatx©ITaMgLay yagdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMg

Laynu@H R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaKñaeTAvijeTAmk .

302 smaZinieTÞs

ZmμtaTwkEPñk CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ

CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV CaTwkesIm mankarRCYt

RCabCaGakar; CaGae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘vsa’ xøajrav CaxøajEdlrlayfitenA kñúgépÞén:téd xñg:t

éd épÞ:teCIg xñg:teCIg kJ©bRcmuH záas nig cg,Üyénsμa

TaMgLay kñúgeBlEdlekþAsBVeRBaHePøIgCaedIm . bNþaRbeTs

manépÞ:tédCaedIm nig xøajravenaH RbeTsmanépÞ én:tédCa

edIm mindwgza xøaj´ravRCYtRCabnUvGj ehIyfitenAç cMENkxøaj

rav k*mindwgEdrza GjRCYtRCab kñúgRbeTsmanépÞén:tédCaedIm

ehIyfitenA eRb[bbIdUcCa nakal:ykþaMg maneRbgRtUvbuK<l

dakehIyç :ykþaMg mindwgza eRbgRCYtRCabnUvGjehIyfitenAç

cMENkeRbg k*mindwgEdrza GjRCYtRCab nUv:ykþaMg ehIyfit

enA yagdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit

nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . Zmμtaxøajrav CacMENkepSg

edayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü min

EmnstV CaTwkesIm mankiriyaRCYtRCabCaGakar; CaGae:Zatu

edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘exeLa’ Twkmatç nakalbc©&yCaTIekIteLIgénTwkmat R:kdyag

dUecñaH ekItmanç cuHehIycakxagénz¬alTaMgBIr ehIyfitenAkñúgépÞ

énGNþat . nakalreNþA éneRtIysÞwg EdlmanTwkhUrmindac

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304 smaZinieTÞs

‘lsika’ TwkrMGil kaljúaMgkic©KWkarlabnUvsnøak énqÁwgTaMgLay

osMerc fitenAehIy kñúgsnøak 180 . nakalePøAénreTH Edl

buK<llabehIyedayeRbgç ePøAreTH mindwgza eRbgRbLakGj

ehIyfitenAç cMENkÉeRbg k*mindwgpgEdrza Gj labePøAreTH

ehIyfitenA yagNamijç bNþasnøak 180 nig TwkrMGilenaH

snøakénqÁwg 180 mindwgza TwkrMGillabnUveyIgTaMgLayehIy

fitenAç cMENkTwkrMGil k*mindwgEdrza Gj labnUvsnøak 180

ehIyfitenA k*y¨agenaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scak

karrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaTwkrMGil Ca

cMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt

esaHsUnü minEmnstV CaTwkesIm mankiriyaRCYtRCabCaGakar;

CaGae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘mutþM’ TwkmURt fitenA kñúgxagkñúg éne:økenam . nakalkÁmRsaM

EdleKdakehIy manmatcuHeRkam kñúgreNþARCaMhñwgÉgç kÁmRsaM

mindwgza rsénTwkRCaM fitenAehIykñúgeyIgç cMENkrsénTwkRCaM

k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgkÁmRsaM yagNamijç bNþa

e:økenam nig TwkmURtenaH e:økenam mindwgza TwkmURt fitenA

ehIy kñúgeyIgç cMENkTwkmURt k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy

kñúge:økenam k*y¨agenaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scak

karrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaKñaeTAvijeTAmk . Zm μtaTwkmURt Ca

visuTÆimK< ERb 303

épÞénreNþA mindwgza TwkdkCabenA kñúgeyIgç Twk k*mindwgEdrza

Gj dkCabenAkñúgépÞénreNþA yagNamijç épÞénGNþat mindwg

za Twkmat cuHZøakcakxagénz¬alTaMgBIr ehIyfitenA kñúgeyIgç

cMENkTwkmatk*mindwgEdrza Gj cuHcakxagénz¬alTaMgLayBIr

ehIyfitenA elIépÞénGNþat k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMg

Layn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk .

ZmμtaTwkmat CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ

CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV CaTwkesIm mankiriyaRCYt

RCabCaGakar; CaGae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘sig¹alika’ TwksMe:r ekItRBm kñúgeBlNa kñúgeBlenaH júaMgekþag

RcmuHoeBj ehIyfitenAxøH hUrecjxøH . bNþaekþagRcmuH nig

TwksMe:renaH ekþagRcmuH mindwgza TwksMe:r fitenAehIy kñúg

eyIgç cMENkTwksMe:r k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIykñúgekþag

RcmuHTaMgLay eRb[bbIdUcCa nakalsMbkxüg EdleBjehIy

edayTwkedaHCUrpÁÚmç sMbkxüg mindwgza TwkedaHCUrpÁÚm fitenA

ehIy kñúgeyIgç cMENkTwkedaHCUrpÁÚm k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenA

ehIy kñúgsMbkxüg yagdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH

R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaTwk

sMe:r CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ Ca

GBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV CaTwkesIm mankiriyaRCYt

RCabCaGakar; CaGae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 305

cMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt

esaHsUnü minEmnstV CaTwkesIm mankiriyaRCYtRCabCaGakar;

CaGae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg ³ .

‘eteCaekadðas’ ‘219’ RBHeyaKavcr luHjúaMgmnsikar oRbRBwtþeTA kñúg

bfvIekadðas nig Gae:ekadðasTaMgLay manskCaedIm dUc:n

BN(namk yagenHehIy Kb|IjúaMgmnsikar oRbRBwtþeTA kñúg

eteCaekadðas ‘cMENkénePøIg’ TaMgLay yagenH za ;

²kay rEmgekþAsBV edayePøIgÉNaç ePøIgenH CacMENk

epSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt TeT min

EmnstV mankiriyaGb´kMedACaGakar; eQμaHza eteCaZatu³ dUecñHç

²kay EtgRTuDeRTam edayePøIgÉNaç ePøIgenH CacMENk

epSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt TeT min

EmnstV mankiriyaGb´kMedACaGakar; eQμaHza eteCaZatu³ dUecñHç

²kay EtgeqHeralral edayePøIgÉNaç ePøIgenH Ca

cMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt TeT

minEmnstV mankarGb´kMedACaGakar; eQμaHza eteCaZatu³ dUecñHç

²vtæúman:yCaedIm EdlbuK<lsIuehIy pwkehIy TMBasIu

ehIy nig liTÆehIy EtgdlnUvkiriyaERbRbYleTA edayRbéB

edayePøIgÉNaç ePøIgenH CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH

minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt TeT minEmnstV mankiriyaGb´kMedA

CaGakar; eQμaHza eteCaZatu³ dUecñHÉg .

306 smaZinieTÞs

‘vaeyaekadðas’ ‘220’ bnÞabGMBIenaHmk RBHeyaKI Kb|IkMNt nUvxül´

EdlbkeLIgelI edayGMNacénxülEdlbkeLIgelI kMNtnUv

xülEdlbkcuHeRkam edayGMNacxülEdlbkcuHeRkam kMNt´

nUvxülEdledkenAkñúgeBaH edayGMNacénxülEdledkenA kñúg

eBaH kMNtnUvxülEdledkenAkñúgsrés edayGMNacénxül´

EdledkenAkñúgsrés kMNtnUvxülEdlbk kñúgGvyv;tUc-ZM

edayGMNacénxülEdlbkkñúgGvyv;tUc-ZM kMNtnUvxüldk

degØImecj nig xüldkdegØImcUl edayGMNacénxüldkdegØIm

ecj nig xüldkdegØImcUl ehIyKb|IjúaMgmnsikar oRbRBwtþ

eTA kñúgcMENkénxülTaMgLay yagdUecñH za ;

²ZmμtaxülTaMgLay EdlbkeLIgeTAelI CacMENkepSg

edayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt TeT minEmn

stV manGakar;bke:keTAmk CavaeyaZatu³ dUecñHç

²ZmμtaxülTaMgLay EdlbkcuHeRkam CacMENkepSg

edayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt TeT minEmn

stV manGakar;bke:keTAmk CavaeyaZatu³ dUecñHç

²ZmμtaxülTaMgLay EdledkenAkñúgeBaH CacMENkepSg

edayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt TeT minEmnstV

manGakar;bke:keTAmk CavaeyaZatu³ dUecñHç

²ZmμtaxülTaMgLay EdledkenAkñúgsrés CacMENk

epSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt TeT min

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308 smaZinieTÞs

²CaZatuxül³ yagdUecñH .

RBHeyaKIKb|IkMNtlk¡N;EdlRCYtRCab kñúgcMENkTaMg

Lay 12 za ²Gae:Zatu³ . kMNtlk¡N;EdldutkMedA kñúg

cMENkTaMg 12 enaHÉg za ²eteCaZatu³ . kMNtlk¡N;Edl

bke:keTAmk kñúgcMENkTaMg 12 enaHÉg za ²eteCaZatu³ .

kMNtlk¡N;Edlrwg kñúgcMENkTaMg 12 enaHÉg za ²bfvIZatu³

dUecñHÉg .

RBHeyaKI Kb|IkMNtlk¡N;EdldutkMedA kñúgcMENkTaMg

Lay 4 za ²eteCaZatu³ . Kb|IkMNtlk¡N;Edlbke:keTA

mk EdlminEbkEx\kecjBIZatuePøIgenaH za ²veyaZatu³ . kMNt

lk¡N;Edlrwg EdlminEbkEx\kBIZatuePøIgenaH za ²bfvIZatu³ .

kMNt´lk¡N;EdlRCYtRCabEdlminEbkEx\kecjBIZatuePøIgenaH

za ²Gae:Zatu³ dUecñHÉg .

RBHeyaKI Kb|IkMNtyklk¡N;Edlbke:keTAmk kñúg

cMENkTaMgLay6 za ²vaeyaZatu³ . kMNtlk¡N;Edlrwg kúñg

cMENkTaMg 6 enaHÉg za ²bfvIZatu³ . kMNtlk¡N;EdlRCYt

RCab kúñgcMENkTaMg 6 enaHÉg za ²Gae:Zatu³ . kMNtyk

lk¡N;EdlGbkMedAkúñgcMENkTaMg 6 enaHEdrza ²eteCaZatu³ .

kalRBHeyaKIenaH kMNt yagdUecñH ZatuTaMgLay rEmg

R:kd . kalRBHeyaKIenaH rMBwg eZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvZatuTaMgLay

enaH er]y>ç óbcarsmaZi rEmgekIteLIg tamn&yEdlelak

eBalehIyenaHÉg .

visuTÆimK< ERb 307

EmnstV manGakar;bke:keTAmk CavaeyaZatu³ dUecñHç

²ZmμtaxülTaMgLay EdlbkkñúgGvyv;tUcZM CacMENk

epSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt TeT min

EmnstV manGakar;bke:keTAmk CavaeyaZatu³ dUecñHç

²ZmμtaxülTaMgLay EdlsMrabdkdegØIjecj nig dk

degØImcUl CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ

CaGBüaRkwt TeT minEmnCastV manGakar;bke:keTAmk Ca

vaeyaZatu³ yagdUecñH .

ZatuTaMgLay EtgR:kd dlRBHeyaKavcrenaH Gñkman

mnsikarRbRBwtþeTA yagenH . kalRBHeyaKIenaH nwkrMBwg eZVITuk

kúñgcitþ nUvZatuTaMgLayenaH er]y> óbcarsmaZi rEmgekIteLIg

tamn&yEdlelak:neBalmkehIyn@uHÉg .

Etza kalRBHeyaKINa cMerInyagenH kmμdðan minsMercç

RBHeyaKIenaH Kb|IcMerIn edayslk¡Nseg¡bcuH .

‘cMerInedayslk¡Nseg¡b’ sYrza ; Kb|IcMerIn edayslk¡Nseg¡b dUcemþc / .

eqøIyza ; RBHeyaKI Kb|IkMNtyklk¡N;Edlrwg kñúg

cMENkTaMgLay 20 za ²CaZatudI³ dUecñH . Kb|IkMNtyk

lk¡N;EdlRCYtRCab kñúgcMENkTaMgLay 20 enaHÉg za ²Ca

ZatuTwk³ dUecñHç Kb|IkMNtyklk¡N;EdlGbkMedA kñúgcMENk

TaMgLay 20 enaHÉg za ²CaZatuePøIg³ dUecñHç Kb|IkMNtyk

lk¡N;Edlbke:keTAmk kñúgcMENkTaMgLay 20 enaHÉg za

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visuTÆimK< ERb 309

Etza kalRBHeyaKINa cMerInyagenH kmμdðan minsMercç

RBHeyaKIenaH Kb|IcMerIn edaykarEvkEjktamlk¡N;rbsxøÜn .

‘cMerInedayslk¡NviPtþi’ sYrza; RBHeyaKIKb|IcMerIn edaykarEvkEjktamlk¡N;

rbs´xøÜn yagdUcemþc / .

eqøIyza; RBHeyaKIKb|IkMNtnUvGakar;TaMgLay mansk

CaedIm tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIy kñúgkalmunenaHÉg ehIy

kMNtnUvlk¡N;rwg kñúgsk za ²bfvIZatu³ . kMNtnUvlk¡N;

EdlRCYtRCab kñúgskenaHÉg za ²Gae:Zatu³ . kMNtlk¡N;

EdlGbkMedA kñúgskenaHÉg za ²eteCaZatu³ . kMNtlk¡N;

Edlbke:keTAmk kñúgskenaHEdr za ²vaeyaZatu³ . RBHeyaKI

Kb|IkMNtZatubYn> kñúgZatumYy> kñúgcMENkTaMgGs yagenH .

kalRBHeyaKIenaH kMNty¨agenH ZatuTaMgLay rEmgR:kd .

kalRBHeyaKI nwkrMBwg eZVITukkñúgcitþnUvZatuTaMgenaH o:ner]y>

óbcarsmaZi rEmgekIteLIgtamn&yEdl:neBalehIynu@HÉg .

‘mnsikar edayGakar; 13 k*:n’ ‘221’ müagvijeT[t RBHeyaKI Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvZatu

TaMgLay edayGakar;TaMgLayenH k*:n KW ;

vcndðeta edayEkGtærbsBaküç

klabeta edayklab; ‘BYk’ç

cuNÑeta edaylMGitç

lk¡NaTieta edaylk¡N;CaedImç

310 smaZinieTÞs

smudðaneta edaysmudðanç nanetþktþeta edayPaBepSgKña nig RtUvKñaç vinieBÖaKavinieBÖaKeta edayPaBEdlEbkBIKña nig minEbk

GMBIKñaç sPaKvisPaKeta edayPaBEdlmancMENkesμIKña nig

minesμIKñaç GCÄtþikBahirviesseta edayPaBEdlEbøkKñarbsZatu

Caxagkñúg nig ZatuCaxageRkAç sg<heta edayse®g<aHç bc©yeta edaybc©&yç Gsmnñahareta edayPaBEdlmindwgnUvKñanwgKñaç bc©yviPaKeta edaykiriyaEcknUvbc©&y .

EkbTvcndðeta

kñúgGakar;TaMgenaH RBHeyaKI kaleZVITukkñúgcitþ edayEk

Gtærbs´Bakü Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayEkGtærbsBakü eday

GMNacénPav;viess nig esμIKña yagdUecñH za ²eQμaHza bfvI

Zatu eRBaHPav;énZatuenaHRkas´ç eQμaHza Ge: eRBaHeZVIoesIm

eZVIoeCak ß eZVIoRCYtRCabç eQμaHza eteCa eRBaHGboekþAç

eQμaHza vaeya eRBaHbke:k³ dUecñH . ebIeBaledayesckþImin

EbøkKña eQμaHza Zatu eRBaHRTRTgTuknUvlk¡N;rbsxøÜnpg eRBaH

CaTItaMgénesckþITuk¡pg eRBaHCaTIrgnUvesckþITuk¡pg .

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312 smaZinieTÞs

RbmaNBakkNþal GMBIbfvIZatuenaH se®g<aHehIy KWeteCaZatu

rkSaTukehIy KWvaeyaZatu e:kbkehIy Kgminerayray min

x©atx©ayeTAç bfvIZatuenaH kalminerayray minx©atx©ay rEmg

cUleTACitdlnUvkiriyakMNtc|as manviZICaeRcInyag mankar

rab za ²CaRsI CaRbus³ dUecñHCaedImpg EtgRbkas nUvPaBén

Gakar; mans<m Zat Evg xøI rwgbuwg nig TnPøn´CaedImpg .

cMENk Gae:Zatu EdldlnUvPaBesIm manGakar;RCYt

RCab kñúgsrIr;enH manbfvIZatuCaTItaMg RtUveteCaZatutamrkSa

ehIy RtUvvaeyaZatubkpatehIy rEmgminhUrecj minRskcuHç

kalminhUrecj minRskcuH eTIbrEmgbgØajnUvPaBeBjeRB[b .

cMENketeCaZatu EdlmanPaBekþACalk¡N; mancMhay

CaGakar;ekItehIy júaMgrbs´EdleKsIu-pwkCaedIm orlYy kñúg

srIr;enH GaRs&ybfvIZatu RtUvGae:Zatu CYyse®g<aHehIy RtUv

vaeyaZatu bkpatehIy rEmgeZVIkayenHoekþApg rEmgnaMmknUv

kardl´RBm edayBN(sm|úr dlragkayenaHpg . mYyeT[t

kayenH RtUveteCaZatukMedAehIy eTIbminsMEdgnUvPaBsÁúy .

cMENkÉ vaeyaZatu pSayeTAkan´Gvyv;tUc nig ZM man

lk¡N;e:kbkojabj&r:n taMgenA:neRBaHbfvIZatu RtUv:n

Gae:Zatuse®g<aHehIy RtUveteCaZatu rkSaTukehIy eTIbjúaMg

kayenH oehIm:n . k*kayenH RtUvvaeyaZatuoehImehIy

rEmgmineRTteRTat fitenARtgç kayenH RtUvvaeyaZatudéTeT[t

bkbEnæmehIy EtgbgØajnUvkardwgc|as kñúg«riyabzedIr Qr

visuTÆimK< ERb 311

EkbTklabeta

‘222’ Baküza ²klabeta³ manB(Nnaza ; RBHGdðkza

sMEdgbfvIZatu edayGakar;TaMgLay 20 edayn&yza ²sk

eram³ dUecñHCaedImpgç sMEdgGae:Zatu edayGakar;TaMgLay

12 edayn&yza ²Rbmat esøs μ³ dUecñHCaedImpg enHÉNaç kñúg

Gakar;TaMgLayenaH

eRBaHkiriyaRbCMuKñaénZm( 8 y¨ag KW; B(N køin rs OCa nig ZatuTaMg 4 karsn μtiza ²sk´³ eTIbmanç eRBaHkiriyaEjk nUvZm(TaMg 8 enaHÉg karsn μtiza ²sk³ eTIbminmanç eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH Baküza ²eksa³ RKan´EtCaBYk én

Zm( 8 bueNÑaHÉg . Baküza ²eram CaedIm³ k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr .

buEnþkñúgcMENkTaMgenaH cMENkNa mankmμ Casmudðan cMENk

enaH catCaBYkénZm( 10 CamYyKñanwgCIviti®nÞIy¾pg nig Pav;pgç

Etza cMENkenaH dlnUvkarrabza ²bfvIZatu Gae:Zatu³ eday

GMNacéns&BÞEdleRbImkedayeRcIn . RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVITuk kñúg

citþ edayklab ‘BYk’ y¨agenHÉg .

EkbTcuNÑeta

‘223’ Baküza ²cuNÑeta³ esckþIza EmnBit bfvIZatu KW

Gacarü kalkMNtyk edayRbmaNCakNþal kñúgsrIr;enH

manlMGit edayRbePTd*tUcéRkElg CaZUlId*lÁit Kb|ICalMGit

manRbmaNmYYyeTaN; ‘16 naLi’ . bfvIZatuenaH KWGae:Zatu

ពទ�ធកស

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រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 313

Gg<úy nig edk btcUl laecj rlasédeCIg:n . ynþKWZatu

enH CaeRK]gbeJäat énCnBal edayPaBmanPaBCaRsIRbus Ca

edIm R:kdesμIedaymayarUb EtgRbRBwtþeTAyagdUecñHÉg . RBH

eyaKI Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvZatuTaMgenaH edaylMGit yagenH .

EkbTlk¡NaTieta

‘224’ Baküza ²lk¡NaTieta³ esckþIza RBHeyaKIKb|I

BicarNa nUvZatuTaMg 4 yagenHza ²bfvIZatu manGVICalk¡N;

manGVICakic© manGVICapl³ yagdUecñHehIy RtUveZVITukkñúgcitþeday

Gakar;manlk¡N;CaedIm yagenHza ;

²bfvIZatu manPaBrwgeRKatRKatCalk¡N; mankartaMgenA

s)bCakic© mankarTTYlRBmCaplç

Gae:Zatu mankarhUrecjeTACalk¡N; mankarcMerInCa

kic© mankiriyaeRCamERCgCaplç

eteCaZatu manPaBekþACalk¡N; mankarGb´kMedACakic©

mankiriyapþlonUvPaBTn´Caplç

vaeyaZatu mankiriyabkpatCalk¡N; mankiriyalan»

eLIgCakic© mankiriyaer:nCapl³ dUecñH .

EkbTsmudðaneta

‘225’ Baküza ²smudðaneta³ esckþIza RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVI

TukkñúgcitþnUvZatuTaMgLay edaysmudðan yagenHza ²RBHmanRBH

PaK RTgsMEdgnUvcMENk 42 manskCaedIm edayGMNacénkar

sMEdgnUvcMENkénZatu manbfvIZatuCaedIm edayBisþar enHÉNa

314 smaZinieTÞs

kñúgcMENkTaMgLayenaH cMENkTaMgLay 4 enH KW ²Gaharz μI

Gaharcas´ xÞúH TwkmURt³ manrdUv CasmudðanEtmüagç cMENk

TaMgLay 4 enH ²TwkEPñk ejIs Twkmat TwksMe:r³ manrdUv

nig citþCasmudðanç ePøIgsMrabcMGinnUvGaharEdlbuK<lsIuehIyCa

edIm mankmμCasmudðanEtmüagç xüldkdegØImecj nig xüldk

degØImcUl mancitþCasmudðanEtmüagç ÉcMENkTaMgLayd*ess

mansmudðan 4³ dUecñHÉg .

EkbTnanetþktþeta

‘226’ Baküza ²nanetþktþeta³ esckþIza ZatuTaMgLay

TaMgBYg manPaBepSg>Kña edayGakar;manlk¡N;CaedIm . Emn

Bit lk¡N; kic© nig pl énbfvIZatu suTÆEtepSgKña . lk¡N;

kic© nig pl énZatuTaMgLaymanGae:ZatuCaedImk*epSgKñaEdr .

EtZatuTaMgLayenaH sUm|ImanPaBepSg>Kña edayGMNacGakar;

manlk¡N;CaedIm nig edayGMNacénsmudðan mankmμsmudðan

CaedIm k*enAEtmanesckþIEtmYy edayGMNacénPaBCarUb Ca

mhaPUt CaZatu CaZm( nig CarbsmineT[gTatCaedIm .

EmnBit ZatuTaMgGs eQμaHza rUb eRBaHZatuTaMgenaH min

knøgnUvlk¡N; énkarvinasRTuDeRTameTA:nç eQμaHza mhaPUt

eRBaHehtuTaMgLay manPaBénkaymankarR:kdeRcInCaedIm .

EkbTmhnþ:tuPavaTIhi

‘227’ Baküza ²mhnþ:tuPavaTIhi³ esckþIza k*ZatuTaMg

LayenH RBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtasza mhaPUt edayehtuTaMg

ពទ�ធកស

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316 smaZinieTÞs

BN(RkhmeT ‘Et’ sMEdgó:TayrUb CaBN(Rkhm:nç xøÜnÉg

minEmnmanBN(sesaH ‘Et’sMEdgnUvó:TayrUb CaBN(s:n

eRb[bbIdUcCa mnusSGñkmankll|ic sMEdgeZVITwkEdlminEmnCa

EkvmNIesaH oeTACaEkvmNI:nç sMEdg eZVIdMudI EdlminEmnCa

masesaH oeTACamas:nç mYyeT[t eRb[bbIdUcCa mnusSGñk

mankll|icenaH xøÜnÉg minEmnCayk¡ minEmnCabkSIesaH ‘Et’

sMEdgnUvPaBCayk¡ k*:n nUvPaBCabkSI k*:n yagdUecñaHÉg .

eRBaHehtuenaH ZatuTaMgLayenaH eTIbeQμaHza mhaPUt eRBaH

esμIKñaedaymnusSmanmayaeRcIn KWmnusSmankll|ic .

mYyeT[t mhaPUtTaMgLay manyk¡CaedIm cabnUvbuK<l

Naç TIxagkñúgénmhaPUtTaMgenaH KWbuK<lenaHkMNtdwgmin:n TI

xageRkA énmhaPUtTaMgenaH KWbuK<lenaH kMNtdwgmin:n Etza

mhaPUtTaMgLayenaH minEmnminGaRs&ynUvbuK<lenaH fitenAeT

y¨agNamijç sUm|IPUtKWZatuTaMgLayenH CaZmμCatiminfitenABÆd*

xagkñúg minfitenABÆd*xageRkA énKñanwgKñaeT KWbuK<lkMNtdwg:n

Etza vaminEmnminfitenAGaRs&ynUvKñanwgKñaeT k*y¨agenaHEdr .

eRBaHehtuenaH ZatuTaMgLayenaH eQμaHza mhaPUt k*eRBaHPav;

Carbs´esμIKña edaymhaPUt manyk¡CaedIm eRBaHPav;énTItaMg KW

buK<lminKYrKit RbkarmYy .

mYyeT[t mhaPUtTaMgLay eBalKWyk¡inI biT:MgnUvPaB

énxøÜnCaPUtEdlKYroP&yxøac ehIybeJäatnUvstVTaMgLayeday

karsMEdgnUvBN(sm|úr nig RTgRTay EdlCaTIeBjcitþ yag

visuTÆimK< ERb 315

LayenH KW; edayPaBénZatuenaHCaZatuR:kdeRcInpg edayPaB

esμIKñaedaymhaPUtpg edaykarEzrkSaZMpg edaykarERbRbYl

ZMpg edayeRBaHCaZm μCatZM nig eRBaHCarbsBitpg .

EkbTmhnþ:tuPaveta

bNþbTTaMgenaH bTza ²mhnþ:tuPaveta³ esckþIza Bit

EmnehIy mhaPUtTaMg 4 enH R:kd CarbsZM kñúgsnþanEdl

minmancitþRKb´RKgpg kñúgsnþanEdlmancitþRKb´RKgpg . PaB

EdlR:kdCarbs´ZM énsnþanTaMgBIrenaH kñúgsnþanEdlminman

citþRKb´RKg xM\úeBalehIyEmnBit kñúgBuTÆanusStinieTÞs eday

n&ymann&y za ;

EpndIenH bNÐiteBaledaykMras´zamanRbmaN bu¨eNÑH KW ; 240ç000 eyaCn¾ dUecñHCaedIm . É:tuPUtTaMgLay d*CaZMhñwgÉg EtgmansUm|IkñúgsnþanEdlman

citþRKb´RKg edayGMNacénRtI GeNþIk eTvta nig GsurCaedIm .

smdUcCa RBHd*manRBHPaK RTgRtas´za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay

GtþPaBTaMgLay sUm|ImanRbEvgmYyryeyaCn¾ k*manEdr kñúg

mhasmuRT³ dUecñHCaedIm .

EkbTmhaPUtsamJ¦eta

bTza ²mhaPUtsamJ¦eta³ esckþIza k*mhaPUtTaMgenH

xøÜnÉg minEmnmanBN(ex[veT ‘Et’sMEdgnUvó:TayrUb ‘rUbEdl

EGbGaRs&y’ CaBN(ex[v:nç xøÜnÉg minEmnmanBN(el]geT

‘Et’ sMEdgnUvó:TayrUb CaBN(el]g:nç xøÜnÉg minEmnman

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visuTÆimK< ERb 317

Namijç sUm|IPUtKWZatuTaMgLayenH biT:MgnUvrs nig lk¡N;

rbs´xøÜn epSgedaysPaBmanPaBénxøÜnCarbsrwgCaedIm beJäat

nUvCnBal edayqvIvNÑ EdlCaTIKabcitþpg edayRTgRTay én

Gvyv;tUcZM EdlCaTIKabcitþpg edaykarsMEdgnUvéd eCIg Rmam

éd nig cieJ©ImCaedIm EdlCaTIKabcitþpg minoeXIj nUvsPaB

rbs´xøÜn:n k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . eRBaHehtuenaH ZatuTaMgLayenaH

eTIbeQμaHza mhaPUt eRBaHPav;CaZatumanPaBesμIKña edaymha

PUt KW yk¡inI eRBaHPav;énZatuCaeRK]gbeJäat RbkarmYy .

EkbTmhabrihareta

‘228’ bTza ²mhabrihareta³ esckþIza eRBaHPav;én

ZatuCarbsEdlbuK<lKb|IEzrkSa edaybc©&yTaMgLayd*eRcIn .

EmnBit PUtKWZatuTaMgLayenaHmanehIy KWRbRBwtþeTAehIyeday

bc©&yTaMgLaymaneRK]gsIu nig eRK]gesø{kBakCaedImyageRcIn

eRBaHPav;énbc©&yenaH KWbuK<lKb|InaMcUleTA er[gral´ézá> eRBaH

ehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza mhaPUt . müageT[t eQμaHza mhaPUt

eRBaHCaPUtEdlmankiriyaEzrkSad*eRcIn dUecñHk*:nEdr .

EkbTmhavikareta

bTza ²mhavikareta³ esckþIza BitEmnehIy PUtKWZatu

TaMgLaynu@H CamhaPUtEdlmanviJ¦aNRbkan´xøH minmanviJ¦aN

Rbkan´xøH CamhaPUtmanvikard*eRcIn . kñúgcMeNam 2 yagenaH

sMrabmhaPUtEdlminmanviJ¦aNRbkan´ PaBénmhaPUtmanvikar;

d*ZM rEmgR:kd kñúgeBlEdlkb|vinas sMrabmhaPUt Edlman

318 smaZinieTÞs

viJ¦aNRbkan´yk PaBénmhaPUtmanvikar;d*ZM rEmgR:dk kñúg

eBlEdlZatukMerIk . BitdUecñaHEmn

GNþatePøIgraldaleLIgGMBIEpndI qabeLIg rhUteTAdl´RBh μelak nakalelak RtUvePøIg EdlmanGNþatqabeqH . elak Etgvinas edayTwk EdlkMerIkehIy kñúgeBlNa kñúgeBlenaH cRkvaLmYy manmYy Esnekadi rEmgrlay . elak vinas edaykarkMerIkénvaeyaZatu kñúg eBlNa kñúgeBlenaH cRkvaLmYy manmYy Esnekadi rEmgrlay . kayRtUvBs´manmat´Cavikar;éneQIcwkehIy rEmgCakayrwgKaMg ßza kayenaH CakayrwgKaMg kñúgmaténBs´Cavikar;éneQI eRBaHkiriyakMerIk én bfvIZatuhñwgÉg . kay RtUvBs´manmat´sÁúycwkehIy Cakay sÁúy ßza kayenaH CakaysÁúy kñúgmat´énBs´ manmat´sÁúy eRBaHkarkMerIkénGae:ZatuhñwgÉg . kay RtUvBs´manmat´Cavikar;énePøIgcwkehIy CakayekþAsBV ßza kayenaH CakayekþAsBV kñúg mat´énBs´Cavikar;énePøIg eRBaHeteCaZatukMerIk . kay RtUvBs´manmat´dUcCakaMbit cwkehIy

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320 smaZinieTÞs

edayRbkardUecñHÉg . RBHeyaKI Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayPaB

EdlepSgKña nig PaBEdlRtUvKña dUc:nBN(namkenHÉg .

EkbTvinieBÖaKavinieBÖaKeta

‘229’ bTza ²vinieBÖaKavinieBÖaKeta³ esckþIza ZatuTaMg

enaH ekItRBmKñaEmnBit CaZatuEbkKñamin:n tamcMENk sUm|I

kñúgklab‘:c’mYy> mansuTÆdðklabCaedIm kñúgTIbMputénklab

TaMgBYg . bu¨Enþedaylk¡N; ZatuTaMgenaH EbkKña:n eRBaHehtu

enaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayPaBEjkKña:n nig PaB

EjkKñamin:n dUc:neBalmkenHÉg .

EkbTsPaKvisPaKeta

‘230’ bTza ²sPaKvisPaKeta³ esckþIza bNþaZatu

TaMg 4 enaH sUm|IEdlEjkBIKñamin:n yagenH Zatu 2 xag

edIm mancMENkesμIKña eRBaHPav;énZatuTaMgenaHmanPaBZán´ç Zatu

2 xagcug k*y¨agenaHEdrKWmancMENkesμIKña eRBaHmanPaBRsal

dUcKñaç bu¨EnþZatu 2 xagedIm mancMENkminesμIKñaedayZatu 2

xag cug nig Zatu 2 xagcug mancMENkminesμIKña edayZatu 2

xagedIm eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayPaBEdl

mancMENkesμIKña nig minesμIKña dUc:neBalmkenHÉg .

EkbTGCÄtiþkBahirviesseta

bTza ²GCÄtþikBahirviesseta³ esckþIza ZatuTaMgLay

Caxagkñúg CaTIGaRs&y énviJ¦aNvtæú viJ¦tþi nig «®nÞIy¾TaMgLay

Rbkbeday«riyabz mansmudðan 4ç cMENkÉZatuTaMgLayxag

visuTÆimK< ERb 319

rEmgCakaydac´dacehIy ßza kayenaH Cakaydac´ dac kñúgmat´énBsmanmat´dUcCakaMbit eRBaHkarkMerIk énvaeyaZatuhñwgÉg .

PUt KWZatuTaMgLay manvikar;eRcIn yagenH eRBaHehtuenaH eTIb

eQμaHza mhaPUt .

EkbTmhtþa PUttþa c

BIrbTza ²mhtþa PUttþa c³ esckþIza PUtKWZatuTaMgLay

enaH eQμaHza Carbs´ZM eRBaHPav;énPUtTaMgenaH CaPUtKWbuK<lEz

rkSa edayesckþIBüayamd*ZM eQμaHza PUt ‘rbsBit’ eRBaHPav;

énPUtTaMgenaHCarbs´manenA eRBaHehtudUecñaH PUtKWZatuTaMgenaH

eQμaHza mhaPUt eRBaHCarbs´ZMpg eRBaHCarbsBitpg .

ZatuTaMgGs´hñwgÉg eQμaHza mhaPUt edayehtuTaMg

Lay manPaBCaZM nig PaBR:kdCaedIm . EtZatuTaMgGs´enaH

eQμaHza Zatu eRBaHRTRTgTuknUvlk¡N;rbsxøÜn 1 eRBaHCaTItaMg

énesckþITuk¡ 1 eRBaHbgØÚrmknUvesckþITuk¡ 1 eRBaHminknøgnUv

lk¡N;énZatu . eQμaHza Zm( eRBaHRTRTgTuknUvlk¡N;rbs´

xøÜnpg eRBaHRTRTgtamsmKYrdlxN;rbsxøÜnpg . eQμaHza

mineT[g eRBaHesckþIza GseTAç eQμaHza CaTuk¡ eRBaHesckþIza

RbkbedayP&y eQμaHza minEmnxøÜn eRBaHesckþIza minmanxøwm

sar . PaBénZatuTaMgBYg CaZatumanesckþIEtmYy edayGMNac

Pav;CarUb CamhaPUt CaZatu CaZm( nig CarbsmineT[gCaedIm

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រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 321

eRkA manRbkarpÞúyepSgKñanwgZatuEdlelakeBalehIy eRBaH

ehtuenaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayPaBEbøkKñaénZatuxag

kñúg nig ZatuxageRkA dUc:neBalmkenHÉg .

EkbTsg<heta

‘231’ bTza ²sg<heta³ esckþIza RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVITuk

kñúgcitþ edaykarse®g<aH yagenHza ²bfvIZatu mankmμCasmudðan

se®g<aHcUlCamYyKña edayZatuTaMgLayeRkAenH EdlmankmμCa

smudðan eRBaHminmanPaBepSg> Kña énsmudðanç bfvIZatu Edl

mancitþCaedImCasmudðan k*yagenaHEdr KWse®g<aHcUlCamYyKña

edayZatuTaMgLay EdlmancitþCaedImCasmudðan³ .

EkbTbc©yeta

bTza ²bc©yeta³ esckþIza bfvIZatu RtUvGae:ZatubMrug

Tuk RtUveteCaZatu EzrkSaTuk RtUvvaeyaZatu bkpÞbTuk Cabc©&y

CaTIBwgEpÁk énmhaPUtTaMgLaybIç

Gae:Zatu RtUvbfvIZatutMklTuk RtUveteCaZatutamrkSaTuk

RtUvvaeyaZatubkpÞbTuk Cabc©&yeRK]gRCabesIménmhaPUtTaMgbIç

eteCaZatu RtUvbfvIZatutMklTuk RtUvGae:Zatuse®g<aHTuk

RtUvvaeyaZatubkpÞbTuk Cabc©&yeRK]gcMGinTuk énmhaPUtTaMgbIç

vaeyaZatu RtUvbfvIZatutMklTuk RtUvGae:Zatuse®g<aH

RtUveteCaZatucMGinTuk Cabc©&yCaeRK]gbkpÞb énmhaPUtTaMgbIç

eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edaybc©&y

dUc:nBN(namkyagenHÉg .

322 smaZinieTÞs

EkbTGsmnñahareta

bTza ²Gsmnñahareta³ esckþIza k*bNþaZatuTaMgbYnnu@H

bfvIZatu mindwgza ²GjCabfvIZatu³ dUecñHpg za ²GjCaTIBwg

énmhaPUtTaMgbI Cabc©&y‘énmhaPUtTaMgbI’³ dUecñHpgç sUm|Imha

PUtTaMgbIeRkAenH k*mindwgza ²bfvIZatu CaTIBwg Cabc©&yéneyIg

TaMgLay³ dUecñHEdrç n&ykñúgZatuTaMgBYg k*dUcn&yenHÉg eRBaH

ehtuenaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayPaBEdlmindwgnUvKña

nwgKña dUc:neBalmkenHÉg .

EkbTbc©yviPaKeta bTza ²bc©yviPaKeta³ esckþIza k*bc©&y rbsZatuTaMg

bYn KWkmμ citþ Gahar nig rdUv . bNþaZatuTaMgenaH kmμEtmüag

Cabc©&yénZatuTaMgLayEdlmankmμCasmudðanç sPav;TaMgLay

mancitþCaedIm minEmnCabc©&yeT . sPav;TaMgLay mancitþCa

edIm Cabc©&yénZatuTaMgLayEdlmancitþCaedImCasmudðanhñwgÉg

sPav;eRkABIenH minEmnCabc©&yeT .

mYyeT[t kmμ Cabc©&yCaehtuoekIt ‘Cnkbc©&y’ énZatu

TaMgLayEdlmankm μCasmudðan Cabc©&yEdlcUleTAGaRs&y

‘óbnisSybc©&y’ énZatuTaMgLayd*ess edaybriyay .

citþ Cabc©&yCaehtuoekIt énZatuTaMgLayEdlmancitþCa

smudðan CabcäaCatb|c©&y ‘bc©&yEdlekIteRkay’ CaGtæib|c©&y

‘bc©&yEdlman’ nigCaGviKtb|c©&y‘bc©&yEdlmineTAR:sBIKña’

énZatuTaMgLayd*ess .

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324 smaZinieTÞs

nisSyb|c©&y Gtæib|c©&y nig GviKtb|c©&ypg edayGMNac

énTItaMgpgç minEmnCabc©&y edayGMNacénCnkb|c©&yeTç Ca

bc©&yénmhaPUtEdlmansnþtibI eRkAenH ‘KWmhaPUtEdlmancitþ

Gahar nig rdUvCasmudðan’ edayGMNacénnisSyb|c©&y Gtæi-

b|c©&y nig GviKtb|c©&yç minEmnCabc©&y edayGMNacénTItaMg

minEmnCabc©&y edayGMNacénCnkb|c©&yeT .

mYyeT[t bNþamhaPUtEdlmankm μCasmudðanTaMgenaH

Gae:Zatu Cabc©&yénZatuTaMgLaybI eRkABIenH edayGMNacén

shCatb|c©&yCaedImpg edayGMNacénkiriyasÞHTukpgç min

EmnCabc©&yedayGMNacénCnkb|c©&yeTç Cabc©&yedayGMNac

énnisSyb|c©&y Gtæib|c©&y nig GviKtb|c©&y énmhaPUtEdl

mansnþtibIeRkAenHdUcKñaç minEmnCabc©&y edayGMNacénkarsÞH

Tuk minEmnedayGMNacénCnkb|c©&yeT .

mYyeT[t bNþamhaPUtEdlmankm μCasmudðanTaMgenaH

eteCaZatu Cabc©&yénZatuTaMgLaybI eRkABIenH edayGMNacén

shCatb|c©&yCaedImpg edayGMNacénkiriyaGb´kMedApgç min

EmnedayGMNacénCnkb|c©&yeTç Cabc©&y énmhaPUtTaMgLay

EdlmansnþtibIeRkAenH edayGMNacnisSyb|c©&y Gtæib|c©&y

nig GviKtb|c©&ydUcKñaç minEmnCabc©&y edayGMNacénkiriya

GbkMedA minEmnCabc©&y edayGMNacénCnkb|c©&yeT .

mYyeT[t bNþamhaPUtEdlmankm μCasmudðanTaMgenaH

vaeyaZatu Cabc©&y énZatuTaMgLaybIeRkABIenH edayGMNac én

visuTÆimK< ERb 323

Gahar CaCnkb|c©&y ‘bc©&yCaehtuoekIt’ énZatuTaMg

LayEdlmanGaharCasmudðanç CaGaharb|c©&y ‘bc©&yCaeRK]g

naMmknUvpl’ CaGtæib|c©&y nig CaGviKtb|c©&y énZatuTaMgLay

d*ess .

rdUv CaótuCnkb|c©&y énZatuTaMgLay EdlmanrdUvCa

smudðanç CaGtæib|c©&y nig CaGviKtb|c©&y énZatuTaMgLay

d*ess .

mhaPUt Edlmankm μCasmudðan Cabc©&yénmhaPUtTaMg

Lay Edlmankm μCasmudðanpg Cabc©&yénZatuTaMgLay Edl

mancitþCaedImCasmudðanpgç

mYyeT[t mhaPUtEdlmancitþCasmudðan Cabc©&yénmha

PUtTaMgLay EdlmancitþCasmudðanpg Cabc©&yénZatuTaMgLay

EdlmankmμCaedImCasmudðanpg .

mhaPUt EdlmanGaharCasmudðan Cabc©&yénmhaPUt

TaMgLay EdlmanGaharCasmudðanpg Cabc©&yénZatuTaMgLay

EdlmankmμCaedImCasmudðanpg .

mhaPUt EdlmanrdUvCasmudðan Cabc©&yénmhaPUtTaMg

Lay EdlmanrdUvCasmudðanpg Cabc©&yénZatuTaMgLayEdl

mankmμCaedImCasmudðanpg .

bNþamhaPUt EdlmankmμCasmudðanTaMgenaH bfvIZatu

EdlmankmμCasmudðan Cabc©&yénZatuTaMgLayeRkAenH Edlman

kmμCasmudðan edayGMNac énshCatb|c©&y GJ¦mJ¦b|c©&y

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visuTÆimK< ERb 325

shCatb|c©&yCaedImpg edayGMNacénkiriyae:kbkpgç min

EmnedayGMNacénCnkb|c©&yeTç Cabc©&yénmhaPUtTaMgLay

Edlmansnþti 3 eRkAGMBIenH edayGMNacénnisSyb|c©&yç

Gtæib|c©&y nig GviKtb|c©&ydUcKñaç minEmnedayGMNacénkiriya

e:kbk minEmnedayGMNacénCnkb|c©&yeT .

n&y sUm|IkñúgmhaPUt manbfvIZatu Edlmancitþ Gahar

nig rdUv CasmudðanCaedIm k*n&yenHEdr .

k*É bNþaZatuTaMgLayenaH EdlRbRBwtþeTA edayGMNac

bc©&ymanshCatb|c©&yCaedIm dUceBalmkenH ZatuTaMgLay

bI GaRs&ynUvZatumYy rEmgERbRbYledaycMENkbYnç ÉZatumYy

GaRs&ynUvZatuTaMgLaybI rEmgERbRbYl edaycMENkbYnEdrç

ZatuTaMgLayBIr GaRs&ynUvZatuBIr rEmg:neTACaR:MmYy .

EmnBit bNþaZatuTaMgLay manbfvIZatuCaedIm ZatuTaMg

Lay 3 GaRs&ynUvZatu 1 yagenH KW; ²ZatuTaMgLaybI> eRkA

enH GaRs&yehIynUvZatumYy>³ rEmgERbRbYledaycMENk 4 .

y¨agdUcKñaenaHEdr bNþaZatuTaMgLaymanbfvIZatuCaedIm Zatu

mYy GaRs&ynUvZatuTaMgLaybI yagenHKW ²ZatumYy GaRs&ynUv

ZatuTaMgLaybIeRkAenH³ rEmgERbRbYledaycMENk 4 . bu¨Enþ

ZatuTaMgLayBIr GaRs&ynUvZatuTaMgLayBIr yagenHKW ²ZatuTaMg

LayBIrxagcug GaRs&ynUvZatuTaMgLayBIrxagedIm nig ZatuTaMg

LayBIrxagedIm GaRs&ynUvZatuTaMgLayBIrxagcugç ZatuTIBIr

nig ZatuTIbYn GaRs&ynUvZatuTImYy nig ZatuTIbIç ZatuTImYy nig

326 smaZinieTÞs

ZatuTIbI GaRs&ynUvZatuTIBIr nig ZatuTIbYnç ZatuTIBIr nig ZatuTIbI

GaRs&ynUvZatuTImYy nig ZatuTIbYnç ÉZatuTImYy nig ZatuTIbYn

GaRs&yZatuTIBIr nig ZatuTIbI³ rEmg:neTACacMENkR:MmYy .

bNþaZatuTaMgenaH bfvIZatu Cabc©&yénkareb[teb[n kñúg

kalénkic©mankarQaneTAmux nig karQanzyeRkayCaedIm .

bfvIZatuenaHÉg KWGae:ZatuRCYtRCabeTAehIy Cabc©&yénkiriya

júaMgkayotaMgenAç ÉGae:ZatuKWbfvIZatueTAtamehIy Cabc©&y

énkarminx©atx©ayç vaeyaZatu KWvaeyaZatueTAtamehIy Cabc©&y

énkarlan»eLIgç vaeyaZatu KWeteCaZatueTAtamehIy Cabc©&y

énkarQanknøg nig karQanzyeRkay yagdUecñHÉg .

RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edaykarEjkbc©&y yagenHÉg .

‘ZatuvvdðaneZVIosMercóbcarsmaZi’

EmnBit kalRBHeyaKI eZVITukkñúgcitþ edayGMNacénehtu

manesckþIénBaküCaedIm yagdUecñHç ZatuTaMgLay rEmgR:kd

tammuxmYy> . kalRBHeyaKI nwkrMBwg eZVITukkñúgcitþnUvZatuTaMg

enaH er]y>ç óbcarsmaZi rEmgekIteLIg tamn&yEdlelak

eBalehIyenaHÉg . óbcarsmaZienHenaH rEmgdlnUvkarrabza

²ctuZatuvvdðan³ dUecñHEmnBit eRBaHkarekIteLIg edayGanuPaB

énjaNEdlRBHeyaKIkMNtnUvZatuTaMg 4 .

‘GanisgSénZatuvvdðan’ cMENkÉ Pikú¡GñkRbkber]y> nUvctuZatuvvdðanenH KgcUl

dlsuJ¦ta ‘PaBsUnücakxøÜnR:N’ rEmgdkecjnUvstþsJ¦a

ពទ�ធកស

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រារាម

328 smaZinieTÞs

TaMg 10 nig kñúgcitþEdlCacMENkxagedIménGb|na eQ μaHza

óbcarsmaZiç PaBéncitþmanGarmμN¾EtmYy kñúgkmμdðand*ess

TaMgLay eQμaHza Gb|nasmaZi . smaZi TaMg 2 yagenaH

eQμaHza CaZm(KWRBHeyaKI:ncMerInehIy eRBaHkmμdðanTaMgenaH KW

elak:ncMerInehIy . eRBaHehtudUecñaH x\MúeBalehIyza ²kar

BN(nanUvesckþI énbTenH za smaZi etIRtUvcMerIn y¨agdUcemþc/ cbsBVRKbehIy edayRbkarTaMgBYg³ dUecñHÉg .

‘GanisgSénkarcMerInsmaZi’ k*BaküÉNaEdlx\úMeBalehIy za ²GVICaGanisgS énkar cMerInsmaZi/³ dUecñHç kñúgBaküenaH manesckþIeqøIyza GanisgS

énkarcMerInsmaZi man 5 Rbkar mankarrs´enACasux kñúgbc©úb|nñ

CaedIm .

‘mankarenACasuxkñúgbc©úb|nñCaGanisgS’ BitdUecñaHEmn Pikú¡TaMgLayNa CaRBHGrhnþ manGasv;

GsehIy cMerInnUvsmaZi edaytaMgcitþza ²eyIgnwgcUlsmabtþi

mancitþmanGarmμN¾EtmYy nwgenACasuxRsYl GsmYyézá³ dUecñH

karcMerInnUvGb|nasmaZi rbsPikú¡CaRBHGrhnþTaMgenaH eQμaHza

mankarrs´enACasuxRsYl kñúgbc©úb|nñ CaGanisgS . eRBaHehtu

enaH :nCaRBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtasza ²mñalcunÞ; EttzaKt min

Tan´oeQμaHZm(TaMgnu@Hza CaesckþIpUrpg kñúgGriyvin&yeT RKan

EtoeQμaHZm(TaMgnu@Hza CakarenAsb|aykñúgbc©úb|nñ kñúgGriy-

vin&yEtbu¨eNÑaH³ dUecñHCaedIm .

visuTÆimK< ERb 327

‘karsm<al´zaCastVCabuK<l’ :n . Pikú¡enaH eRBaHxøÜndkeLIg

stþsJ¦a:nehIy mindlnUvkarrnÆteRBaHP&y manP&yGMBIRmwK

sahav yk¡ nig GarkSTwkCaedIm CaGñkGtsg,t:nnUvP&yd*

Bnøwk CaGñkGtsg,tkúñgesamnsS nig eTamnsS:n mindlnUv

kars\bs\l nig karTg<wHcitþ kñúg«dðarmμN¾ nig GnidðarmμN¾TaMg

Lay . mYyeT[t Pikú¡enaH CaGñkmanR:C\aeRcIn CaGñkmanRBH

niBVaneQμaHGmt;CaTIbMput ß ebImindUecñaHeT CaGñkmansuKtiCaTI

RbRBwtþeTA kñúgkalxagmux edayRbkardUecñH .

GñkmanR:C\a Kb|IesBKb oCab´Canic© nUvZatuvvdðan enH EdlmanGanuPaBeRcIn y¨agenH EdlRBHeyaKId* RbesIr dUcCasIh; Zøab´Rbsb´mkehIy .

enHKWCaPavnanieTÞs énctuZatuvvdðan .

srubsmaZinieTÞs

‘233’ cMENkÉ bJØakmμÉNa Edlx\MúeZVIehIyedayn&y

mann&yCaedImza ²GVI eQμaHza smaZi / EdleQμaHza smaZi edayGtæzadUcemþc/ ³ dUecñH edIm|IsMEdgesckþIBisþar nign&yén

karcMerInsmaZiç kñúgbJØakmμenaH GdðkzaCaeRK]gBN(nanUvesckþI

énbTenHza ² etIsmaZi Kb|IcMerIn y¨agdUcemþc/ ³ dUecñH :ncb

ehIy edayRbkarTaMgBYg edayehtumanRbmaNbu¨eNÑHÉg .

smaZienHenaH man 2 yagbu¨eNÑaH Edl:nGZib|ay

ehIy kúñgTIenH KW; óbcarsmaZi 1 Gb|nasmaZi 1 . bNþa

smaZi TaMg 2 yagenaH PaBéncitþmanGarmμN¾EtmYy kñúgkmμdðan

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visuTÆimK< ERb 329

‘manvibsSna CaGanisgS’ TaMgkarcMerInnUvGb|nasmaZi TaMgkarcMerInnUvóbcarsmaZi

edayn&yénkar:nnUvOkaskñúgTIcegÁ{t rbsRBHesk¡;nigbuzuC¢n

TaMgLayGñkcMerIn edaymanbMNgza ²eyIgTaMgLay ecjGMBI

smabtþiehIynwgeZVIvibsSna edaymancitþEdltMkl´enAmaM³ dUecñH

eQμaHza manvibsSnaCaGanisgS eRBaHsmaZienaHCabTdðan én

vibsSna . eRBaHehtuenaH :nCaRBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtasza

²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay GñkTaMgLay cUrcMerInnUvsmaZiç mñalPikú¡TaMg

Lay Pikú¡ mancitþtMklmaMehIy rEmgdwgc|as tamesckþI ‘1’ Bit³ dUecñHCaedIm .

‘manGPiJ¦aCaGanisgS’ cMENk Pikú¡TaMgLayNa júaMgsmabtþi 8 oekItehIy

cUlQanmanGPiJ¦aCaTItaMg ecjBIsmabtþiehIyR:zñaeZVIGPiJ¦a

TaMgLay Edlmann&ydUcelakeBalehIyza ²mnusSmñakeZVI o

eTACamnusSeRcInnakk*:n ‘2’ ³ dUecñHCaedIm oekIteLIg:n .

karcMerInGb|nasmaZi rbsPikú¡TaMgLayenaH eQμaHzamanGPiJ¦a

CaGanisgS eRBaHsmaZienaH kalebIehtu ‘Edlnwgo:n nUv

GPiJ¦a’ manRBm CabTdðanénGPiJ¦a:n . eRBaHehtuenaH RBH

manRBHPaK RTgRtas´za ²mYyeT[t Pikú¡enaH begÁancitþeTA edIm|I

Zm(EdlRtUveZIVoCakc|as edayR:C\aNa>ç kalebIehtumanç

rEmgdl nUvPaBKYrCabnÞal kñúgZm(enaH> eRBaHeZVIoCakc|as

1- suÇ sMÇ xÇ PaKTI 20 TMB&rTI33 . 2- GMÇ qÇ PaKTI 46 TMB&rTI 3 .

330 smaZinieTÞs

edayR:C\a ‘1’ ³ dUecñHCaedIm .

‘manPBviessCaGanisgS’ Pikú¡ CabuzuC¢nTaMgLayNa> manQanminsabsUnüehIy

kalR:zña nUvkiriyaekItkñúgRBhμelakza ²eyIgnwgekIt kñúgRBh μ

elak³ dUecñHkþI kalminR:zñakþI rEmgminsabsUnücaksmaZiç

karcMerInnUvGb|nasmaZi rbs´Pikú¡CabuzuC¢nTaMgLayenaH eQμaHza

manPBviessCaGanisgS eRBaHsmaZienaH CaKuNnaMmknUvPBd*

viess . eRBaHehtuenaH :nCaRBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtas´za ²cuH

buK<lTaMgLay cMerInbfmCÄan yagOnzy etIekItkñúgPBNaç

rEmgeTAekItCamYynwgBYkeTvta CanRBhμ:risC¢a ‘2’ ³ dUecñHCa

edIm . cMENkkarcMerInGb|nasmaZi rEmgnaMmknUvPBd*viess

KWsuKti Cankamavcr 6 Can´ dUcKñaEdr .

‘mannieraZCaGanisgS’ cMENkÉRBHGriyTaMgLayNa júaMgsmabtþiTaMgLay 8

oekIteLIg ehIycUlnieraZsmabtþi cMerInsmaZi edayKit za

²eyIgTaMgLay CaGñkminmancitþ dlnUvnieraZniBVan enACasux

kñúgbc©úb|nñ GsézáTaMgLay 7 ³ dUecñHç karcMerInGb|nasmaZi

rbs´RBHGriy;TaMgLayenaH eQμaHza mannieraZ CaGanisgS .

eRBaHehtuenaH :nCaRBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtas´za ²R:C\a kñúgkar

cMerInyagsÞat edayjaNcriya 16 nig edaysmaZicriya 9

eQμaHza jaN kñúgnieraZsmabtþi³ dUecñHCaedIm .

1– suÇ GMÇ tiÇ PaKTI41 TMB&rTI 379 . 2- GPiÇ PaKTI82 TMB&rTI 333 .

ពទ�ធកស

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េមរ

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រារាម

332 smaZinieTÞs

nieTÞs TI 7 eQμaH qanusStinieTÞsç

nieTÞs TI 8 eQμaH essanusStinieTÞsç

nieTÞs TI 9 eQμaH RBhμviharnieTÞsç

nieTÞs TI 10 eQμaH Garub|nieTÞsç

nieTÞs 2 KW bdikUlsJ¦a nig Zatuvvdðan

CanieTÞs TI 11 .

x x x

visuTÆimK< ERb 331

enHCaGanisgS énkarcMerInsmaZi 5 Rbkar mankiriyaenA

CasuxRsYl kñúgbc©úb|nñCaedIm dUc:nBN(namkenHÉg .

eRBaHehtudUecñH bNÐitminKYrRbmaT kñúgkarRbkbnUv karcMerInsmaZi EdlmanGanisgSeRcInCaGenk Ca eRK]gCRmHnUvmnÞil KWkielseLIy . k*smaZi kñúgbkrN¾viess eQμaHvisuTÆimK< EdlRBHman

RBHPaKRTgsMEdgehIy edayZm(CaRbZan KW sIl smaZi nig

bJ¦a edayRBHKazaenH za ²sIel btidðay nera sbeJ¦a³

dUecñHCaedIm KWx\úM:nGZib|aycbehIy edayesckþImanRbmaN

bu¨eNÑHÉg .

briecäT TI11 eQμaHsmaZinieTÞs kñúgbkrN¾viess

eQμaHvisuTÆimK< Edlx\úMer[ber[gehIy

edIm|IRbeyaCn¾ dlkiriyajúaMgsaZuCn orIkrayTYeTA

cbCasMercehIy edayGm|alenHÉgehag .

x x x

‘bTsrubnieTÞsEdl:neBalmkehIy’ nieTÞs TI 1 eQμaH sIlnieTÞsç

nieTÞs TI 2 eQμaH Zutg<nieTÞsç

nieTÞs TI 3 eQμaH kmμdðanK<hNnieTÞsç

nieTÞs TI 4 eQμaH bfvIksiNnieTÞsç

nieTÞs TI 5 eQμaH essk,siNnieTÞsç

nieTÞs TI 6 eQμaH GsuPnieTÞsç

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visuTÆimK< ERb 333

«TÆiviZnieTÞs ‘234’ «LÚvenH karcMerInsmaZienH KWx\úM:neBalehIyza

²manGPiJ¦aCaGanisgS³ edayGMNacénelakiyGPiJ¦aTaMgLay

ÉNaç RBHeyaKIGñk:nsMercctutæCÄan kñúgksiNTaMgLayman

bfvIksiNCaedImehIy Kb|IeZVIesckþIBüayam edIm|IjúaMgGPiJ¦a

TaMgLayenaH odlRBmç eRBaHza kalebIeZVI:n yagdUecñaHç

karcMerInnUvsmaZienaH rbs´RBHeyaKIenaH nwgCasmaZiEdlman

GanisgS KWxøÜn:nehIypg nwgCasmaZi d*x¢abx¢ÜnCagpgç RBH

eyaKIenaH CaGñkRbkbRBmehIy edaysmaZiPavna d*x¢abx¢ÜnCag

EdlmanGanisgS KWxøÜn:nsMercehIy nwgjúaMgkarcMerInnUvbJ¦a

odlRBm edayRsYlEmnBit eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH

eyIgTaMgLay nwgR:rBÆ nUvGPiJ¦akza Camun .

‘elakiyGPiJ¦a 5’

k*elakiyGPiJ¦aTaMgLay 5 KW ;

1- «TÆiviZ sMEdgb\TÆiepSg> :nç

2- TiBVesatZatujaN R:C\aGacsþabdwg:n nUvsMeLg

rbsmnusS nig eTvta edayesatZatuEdlCaTiBVç

3- ecetabriyJ¦aN R:C\aGackMNtdwgTwkcitþGñkdéT:nç

4- bueBVnivasanusStiJ¦aN R:C\aGacrB\kCatimun:nç

5- stþanM cutUb:tJ¦aN R:C\aGacdwg:n nUvkarcuti nig

bdisnÆi rbsstVTaMgLay

KWRBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtasehIy edayn&yza ²Pikú¡enaH kalebI

334 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

citþtMkl´enAmaM brisuTÆ pUrpg minmanTITYlKWkiels R:scak

óbk,iels Cacitþd*Tn´Pøn´ smKYrdlkargar fitenA dlnUvPaB

minrMeCIbrMCYy yagdUecñHehIyç rEmgnaMcitþcUleTA begÁancitþcUl

eTA tamEbbénb\TiÆç RBHeyaKIenaH :nnUvkartakEtgb\TÆi:nCa

eRcInRbkar KWmnusSmñak oeTACaeRcInnakk*:n ‘1’ ³dUecñHCaedIm

edIm|IRTgsMEdg nUvGanisgSénkarcMerInsmaZipg edIm|IRTgsMEdg

nUvZm(d*RbNIt elIslbéRkElgpg dlBYkkulbuRtTaMgLay

Edl:nsMercsmaZi kñúgctutæCÄanehIy .

‘viZIGb´rMcitþ’ bNþaelakiyGPiJ¦aTaMg 5 enaH RBHeyaKI GñkeZVICadMbUg

manbMNgedIm|IeZVInUvkareZVInUvb\TÆiepSg> manCaedImza ²mnusSEt

mñakÉg eZVIoeTACamnusSeRcInnak:n³ dUecñH Kb|IjúaMgsmabtþi

TaMgLay 8 > kñúgksiNTaMgLay 8 manOTatk,siN CaTIbM

put oekIteLIg ehIyGbrMcitþ edayGakar;TaMgLay 14 enH KW

ksiNanuelameta edaykarcUlkan´QanbeNþayeTA

tamlMdabénksiNç

ksiNb|dielameta edaykarcUlkan´QansaRcas

eLIgmkvij tamlMdabénksiNç

ksiNanuelamb|dielameta edaykarcUlkan´Qan

beNþayeTAtamlMdabénksiN nig cUlkanQansaRcaseLIg

mkvij tamlMdabénksiNç

1- suÇ TIÇ sIÇ PaKTI 15 TMB&rTI 203 .

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336 smaZinieTÞs

cMENkkarcUl tamlMdabénkarRcas dUcKñaenaHEdr cab´

epþImGMBIOTatk,siNmk eQμaHza karcUlbRJ©asksiN .

‘karcUledayGnuelamnigbdielaménksiN’ karcUlQaner]y> edayGMNacGnuelam nig bdielam

y¨agenH KW ; cabepþImGMBIbfvIksiNmk rhUtdlOTatk,siN

cabepþImGMBIOTatk,siN rhUtdlbfvIksiN eQμaHza karcUl

edayGnuelam nig bdielam tamlMdabénksiN .

‘karcUltamlMdab´énQan’ karcUlQaner]y> tamlMdab cabepþImtaMgBIbfmCÄan

mkrhUtdlenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytn; eQ μaHza karcUltamlMdab´

énQan .

‘karcUlRcasQan’ karcUlQaner]y> cabepþImGMBIenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;

rhUtdlbfmCÄan eQμaHza karcUlRcasQan .

‘karcUlQanTaMgtamlMdab´TaMgbRJ©as’ karcUlQaner]y> edayGMNackarcUltamlMdab nig

bRJ©as yagenH KW; cabepþImGMBIbfmCÄan rhUtdlenvsJ¦a-

nasJ¦aytnCÄan nig cabepþImGMBIenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytnCÄan

eQμaHza karcUlQan tamlMdab nig bRJ©as .

‘karcUlepøaHrMlgQan’ ÉkarminrMlgnUvksiN EtrMlgnUvQan edayPaBRbkb

edaycenøaHEtmYy yagdUecñH KW ; cUlbfmCÄan kñúgbfvIksiN

visuTÆimK< ERb 335

Qananuelameta edaykarcUlkanQan beNþayeTA

tamlMdabénQanç

Qanb|dielameta edaykarcUlkan´QanRcasmkvijç

Qananuelamb|dielameta edaykarcUlkan´Qan

beNþayeTAtamlMdabénQan ehIysaRcaseLIgmkvijç

Qananuk,nþketa edaykarcUlepøaHrMlgQanç

ksiNuk,nþketa edaykarcUlepøaHrMlgksiNç

Qank,siNuk,nþketa edaykarcUlepøaHrMlgTaMgQan

TaMgksiNç

Gg<sg,nþieta edaykarRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGg<ç

GarmμNsg,nþieta edaykarRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGarmμN¾ç

Gg<armμNsg,nþieta edaykarRbRBwtþiknøgGg< nigGarmμN¾ç

Gg<vvdðabneta edaykarkMNtnUvGg<ç

GarmμNvvdðabneta edaykarkMNtGarm μN¾ .

sYrza ²k*kñúgGakar;TaMgnu@H karGnuelamtamksiN etI

dUcemþc / .l. karkMNtnUvGarmμN¾ etIy¨agdUcemþc / ³ .

‘cUltamlMdab´ksiN’ eqøIyza ; Pikú¡ kñúgsasnaenH cUlQanGsvar; 100dg

xøH Gsvar; 1ç000dgxøH kñúgksiNTaMgLay 8 edaylMdab´

y¨agenHKW ²cUlQankñúgbfvIksiN bnÞabmk kñúgGae:ksiN³

dUecñHç karcUlQanenH eQμaHza GnuelamtamksiN .

‘cUlbRJ©asksiN’

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visuTÆimK< ERb 337

ehIycUlnUvttiyCÄan kñúgbfvIksiNenaHEdr bnÞabmk ebIknUv

bfvIksiNenaHvij ehIycUlGakasanJ©aytnCÄan bnÞabmk

cUlGakiJ©J¦aytnCÄan dUecñH eQμaHza cUlrMlgnUvQan .

RBHeyaKI Kb|IeZVIkarRbkb EdlmanmUlénksiN man

Gae:ksiNCaedIm yagdUecñH .

‘karcUlrMlgnUvksiN’ karminrMlgQan EtrMlgksiN edayPaBRbkbeday

cenøaHEtmYy edayn&yenHza ²RBHeyaKI cUlbfmCÄan kñúgbfvI-

ksiN ehIycUlbfmCÄanenaHmþgeT[t kñúgeteCaksiN tmk

kñúgnIlksiN bnþmkeT[t kñúgelahitksiN³ dUecñH eQμaHza

karcUlrMlgksiN .

‘karcUlrMlgTaMgQanTaMgksiN’ karrMlgnUvQanpg nUvksiNpg edayn&yenHza ²RBH

eyaKI cUlbfmCÄan kñúgbfvIksiN ehIy bnÞabmk cUlnUv

ttiyCÄan kñúgeteCaksiN ehIyebIknUvnIlksiN cUlnUv

GakasanJ©aytnCÄan ehIycUlnUvGakiJ©J¦aytnCÄan GMBI

elahitksiN³ dUecñH eQμaHza cUlrMlgTaMgQanTaMgksiN .

‘karRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGg<’ cMENkkarcUlbfmCÄan kñúgbfvIksiN ehIycUlQan

TaMgLayeRkAGMBIenH kñúgbfvIksiNenaHdUcKñaEdr eQμaHza kar

RbRBwtþiknøgnUvGg< .

‘karRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGarm μN¾’

338 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

karcUlkanQanEtmYy kñúgksiNTaMgGs yagenH KW

RBHeyaKI cUlbfmCÄan kñúgbfvIksiN rYccUlbfmCÄanenaHEdr

kñúgGae:ksiN .l. cUlbfmCÄanenaHvij kñúgOTatksiN

dUecñH eQμaHza cUlRbRBwtþknøgnUvGarmμN¾ .

‘karRbRBwtþiknøgTaMgGg<TaMgGarmμN¾’ kiriyaknøgnUvGg<TaMgLay nig GarmμN¾TaMgLay eday

GMNacénPaBRbkb edaycenøaHEtmYy yagdUecñH KW RBHeyaKI

cUlbfmCÄan kñúgbfvIksiN ehIycUlTutiyCÄan kñúgGae:-

ksiN cUlkan´ttiyCÄan kñúgeteCaksiN ehIycUlctutæCÄan

kñúgvaeyaksiN ebIkeLIgnUvnIlksiN ehIycUlkanGakasa-

nJ©aytnCÄan cUlviJ¦aNJ©aytnCÄan GMBIbItksiN cUl

kan´GakiJ©J¦aytnCÄan GMBIelakhitksiN cUlkanenvsJ¦a

nasJ¦aytnCÄan GMBIOTatksiN dUecñH eQμaHza karRbRBwtþi

knøgTaMgGg<TaMgGarmμN¾ .

‘karkMNt´Gg<Qan’ ÉkarkMNtRtwmEtGg<Qanbu¨eNÑaH yagenH KW; RBHeyaKI

kMNtza bfmCÄan manGg< 5 ehIykMNtza TutiyCÄan man

Gg< 3 kMNtza ttiyCÄan manGg< 2 ehIykMNtza ctutæ-

CÄan GakasanJ©aytnCÄan .l. envsJ¦anasJ¦aytnCÄan

k*manGg< 2 dUcKñaEdr dUecñH eQμaHza kMNtnUvGg< .

‘karkMNt´GarmμN¾’ mYyeT[t karkMNtRtwmEtGarmμN¾bu¨eNÑaH yagdUecñH KW

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340 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

:nsMercGb|naehIy . bNþakulbuRtmYyrykþI mYyBankþI

kulbuRtEtmYyrUbbu¨eNÑaHeT eTIbGac ‘edIm|IGbrMcitþ edayGakar;

14 yag:n’ . ZmμtakardMENgnUvb\TÆiepSg> KWCaPar; rbsRBH

eyaKavcr Edl:nTUn μancitþ edayGakar; 14 yag eRsc

ehIy . bNþakulbuRtmYyrykþI mYyBankþI kulbuRtEtmYyrUb

bu¨eNÑaHeT eTIbGac ‘edIm|IdMENgb\TÆiepSg>:n’ . eQμaHza Pav;

énkarcUlkan´Qan :ny¨agqabrh&s KWCaPar;énRBHeyaKavcr

Edl:nsMerc nUvkardMENgb\TÆi . bNþakulbuRtmYyrykþI mYy

BankþI kulbuRtEtmYyrUbbu¨eNÑaHeT eQμaHza CaGñkcUlQan:n

yagqabrh&s .

esckþIza kulbuRtmYyrUbenaH eRb[bdUcCaRBHrki¡tetær Gñk

manvsSa 8 rabBIóbsm|Tamk kñúgbNþaPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi man

cMnYn 30ç000 rUb Edlnimnþmkkan´Kilanubdðan rbsRBHezr;

eQμaHmhaerahNKutþetær kñúgvtþeQμaHezrmÖtæl; y¨agenaHÉg .

GanuPaB rbselak RtUvGdðkzacarüeBalehIy kñúgbfvIksiN-

nieTÞsÉeNaH . k*RBHezr; eXIjGanuPaBenaH rbsRBHrki¡tetær

enaHehIyeBalza ²mñalGavuesa RbsinebIRBHrki¡tetær nwgmin

manehIyç eyIgTaMgGsKña Kb|ICaGñkdlnUvkartiHed[l za ²Pikú¡

TaMgLay min:nGacehIy edIm|InwgrkSanUvnaKraC³ dUecñHç eRBaH

ehtuenaH eQμaHzaGavuZ KWGñkKb|Ikan´ykedayxøÜnÉg ehIyRtac´

eTAç karEdlGñkCMrHERcHoGssinehIy kanykeTA eTIbKYr³ .

Pikú¡ 30ç000 rUbenaH fitenAkñúgOvaT rbs´RBHezr;ehIy k*:n

visuTÆimK< ERb 339

RBHeyaKI kMNtza ²enH CabfvIksiN³ ehIykMNtza ²enHCa

Gae:ksiN³ .l. za ²enH CaOTatksiN³ dUecñH eQμaHza

karkMNtnUvGarm μN¾ .

ÉGacarüBYkmYy cg:nnUvkarkMNtnUvGg< nig Garm μN¾ .

bu¨EnþeRBaHkarkMNtnUvGg<nigGarmμN¾enaH minmkehIy kñúgGdðkza

TaMgLay eTIbkarkMNtGg< nig GarmμN¾enaH minEmnCaRbZan

énkarcMerIn edayBit .

‘kareZVIb\TiÆ CaPar;Zán´’ BaküEdlza RBHeyaKavcrEdlCaGaTikmμik; min:nGbrMcitþ

edayGakar 14 yagenH dUc:neBalmkenH min:ncMerInPavna

kñúgkalmunmk nwgjúaMgkareZVIb\TÆiepSg> osMerc:n enH minEmn

CaehtuCaTItaMgeT . eRBaHza karbrikmμksiNhñwgÉg KWCaPar;

Zán´ rbsRBHeyaKavcr EdlCaGaTikmμik; . bNþakulbuRtmYy

rykþI mYyBan´kþI kulbuRtEtmYyKt eTIbGac ‘edIm|Ibrikmμ:n’ .

kareZVI ‘bdiPaK’ nimitþoekIteLIg CaPar;Zán´ rbsRBHeyaKavcr

Edl:neZIVksiNbrikmμehIy . bNþakulbuRtmYyrykþI mYy

BankþI kulbuRtEtmYyrUbbu¨eNÑaHeT eTIbGac ‘edIm|IeZVInimitþoekIt

eLIg:n’ . kalebInimitþ ekIteLIgehIyç karjúaMgnimitþenaH o

cMerIneLIg rhUt:nsMercdlGb|na KWCaPar; ‘rbsRBHeyaKa-

vcr’ . bNþakulbuRtmYyrykþI mYyBankþI kulbuRtEtmYyrUb

bu¨eNÑaHeT eTIbGac ‘edIm|IsMercdlGb|na’ . karGbrMcitþRKb´

RKan´ edayGakar; 14 yag KWCaPar; rbsRBHeyaKavcr Edl

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visuTÆimK< ERb 341

CaGñkmankiriyacUlQan:nqabrYsran´ . k*sUm|IkalebImankar

cUlQan:nqab´rh&sç PaBCaTIBwg énbuK<ldéT KWCaPar; .

bNþakulbuRtmYyrykþI mYyBankþI kulbuRtEtmYybu¨eNÑaH eTIb

Gac ‘edIm|ICaTIBwgénGñkdéT:n’ . kulbuRtrUbenaH bIdUcCaRBH

ezr; Gñk-kalebIePø{gCavikar;énregIkePøIgKWmaroRbRBwtþeTAehIy

kñúgTIbUCaeQμaHKiriPNÐvahn; sagnUvEpndI BÆd*GakasehIy kar

BarePø{gCavikar;énregIkePøIg:nyagenaHÉg .

EtsMrabbuK<lviessTaMgLay GñkEdlmanesckþIBüayam

CaeRK]gRbkbkñúgxagedIm d*mankmøaMg manRBHBuTÆ RBHbec©kBuTÆ

nig RBHGK<sav&kCaedIm Etev[rcakPavnanuRkm KWkarGb´rMcitþtam

lMdab manRbkardUc:neBalmkehIyenH kardMENgnUvb\TÆienH

pg KuNTaMgLaydéT manbdismÖiTaCaedImpg rEmgsMerc:n

edayGMNacénkiriya:ncMeBaHnUvRBHGrhtþEmnBit . eRBaHehtu

dUecñaH RBHeyaKavcrEdlCaGaTikmμik; Kb|ITUnμancitþo:neRsc

edayGakar; 14 yagenHehIy eZVIcitþoTn´ oKYrdlkargar

edayGMNacénkarcUl ‘Qan’ eZVIq&nÞ;oCaRbZan eZVIcitþoCa

RbZan eZVIviriy;oCaRbZan nig eZVIvimMsaoCaRbZanpg eday

GMNac ‘eZVIo’ CavsI manGavC¢nvsICaedImpg ehIyKb|IeZVI

esckþIBüayamCaeRK]gRbkb edIm|I«TÆiviZJ¦aNcuH eRb[bbIdUcCa

CagmasGñkR:zñaedIm|IeZVInUveRK]gRbdaboEbøk eZVImasoTn o

KYrdlkargarBit edayviZITaMgLay mankarpøMúePIøgCaedIm ehIy

eTIbeZVI yagdUecñaHÉgç mYyeT[t eRb[bbIdUcCanaysμÚnqñaMg Gñk

342 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

R:zñaedIm|IeZVInUvPaCn¾oEbøk eZVInUvdIsÁit oCadIKWxøÜnbMbnlÁehIy

oTnBit ehIyeTIbeZVI dUecñaHÉg . EtRBHeyaKIGñkbribUreday

ehtuxagedIm sUm|ImankarsÞatCMnajRbRBwtþeTAehIy kñúgKuN

RtwmEtctutææCÄan kñúgksiNTaMgLay k*KYredIm|IeZVI:n .

‘viZIeZVIesckþIBüayam’ ‘235’ k*RBHeyaKI Kb|IeZVIesckþIBüayamCaeRK]gRbkb kñúg

kareZVI«TÆiviZ; osMercnu@H edayviZINaç RBHmanRBHPaK kalRTg

sMEdgnUvviZIenaH eTIbRTgRtas´za ²esa ÉvM smahiet cietþ RBHeyaKIenaH kalebIcitþtaMgenAs)behIy³ dUecñHCaedIm .

enHKWCaBaküvinicä&y tamlMGanénn&y:lI kñúg«TÆiviZJ¦aN

enaHhñwgÉg . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTza ²esa³ :ndlRBHeyaKI

Gñk:nsMercctutæCÄanehIyenaH . Baküza ²ÉvM³ enH CaBakü

sMEdgecjnUvlMdabénctutæCÄan . manBaküGZib|ayza; :n

cMeBaHnUvctutæCÄan tamlMdabénkar:nsMerc cabedImtaMgGMBI

kar:nnUvbfmCÄanmkenH . bTza ²smahiet³ KWtaMgenAs)b´

ehIy edayctutæCÄansmaZienH . bTza ²cietþ³ sMedAyk

rU:vcrcitþ .

cMENkkñúgbTTaMgLayd*ess manbTza ²brisueTƳ dUecñH

CaedIm manvinicä&ydUcteTAenH . ‘citþ’ eQμaHza brisuTÆehIy

eRBaHPav;KWesckþIbrisuTiÆénsti edayGMNacénóebk¡a . k*eRBaH

citþbrisuTÆhñwgÉg eTIbeQμaHza pUrpg GZib|ayza CaEdnpSay

ecjénrsμI . eQμaHza minmanTITYl KWkiels eRBaHPav;énTI

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344 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

mansTÆaCaedIm hYgEhgrkSaehIy . EmnBit citþEdlsTÆarkSa

ehIy rEmgminjabj&r edayPaBminmansTÆaç citþ Edlviriy;

rkSaehIy rEmgminjabj&r edayPaBx¢ilRcGUsç citþEdlsti

rkSaehIy rEmgminjabj&r edayesckþIRbmaTç citþEdlsmaZi

rkSaehIy rEmgminjabj&redayesckþIraymayç citþEdlbJ¦a

rkSaehIy rEmgminjabj&r edayGviC¢aç citþEdldlehIy nUv

BnøÅ rEmgminjabj&r edayPaBggwtKWkiels . citþEdlZm(TaMg

6 enH rkSaehIy CacitþdlnUvPaBminjabj&r . citþEdldl´

RBmehIyedayGg< 8 dUceBalmkenH eTIbCacitþKYrdlGPinIhar

edIm|IkiriyaeZVIoCakc|as edaykarRtas´dwgd*éRkElg nUvZm(TaMg

Lay EdlbuK<lKb|IeZVIoCakc|as´ edayR:C\ad*éRkElg .

Kb|IRCabn&ymYyeT[t . eQμaHza fitenAs)behIy eRBaH

smaZikñúgctutæCÄanç eQμaHza brisuTÆ eRBaHCacitþfitenAqáayGMBI

nIvrN;ç eQμaHza pUrpg eRBaHRbRBwtþknøgnUvGg<manvitk,;CaedImç

eQμaHza minmanTITYl eRBaHminmanZm(EdlqøgcuHkñúgesckþIR:zña

TaMgLayd*lamk EdlCasRtUvdlkar:ncMeBaHnUvQan eQμaH

za manóbk,ielseTAR:sehIy eRBaHkiriyaeTAR:s énesckþI

esAhμgéncitþ manGPiCÄaCaedIm . k*bNÐit Kb|IRCabBaküTaMgBIr

y¨agenH tamlMGanénn&y kñúgGg<NsURt nig vtæsURt . eQμaH

za CacitþTn eRBaHdlnUvkarsÞatç eQμaHza CacitþKYrdl´kargar

eRBaHcUleTAdlPaBCa«TÆi:Tç eQμaHza fitenAehIy eRBaHcUl

eTAdlPaBRbNIt edayPaBeBjeljénPavna eQ μaHza dl

visuTÆimK< ERb 343

TYlKWkiels manraK;CaedIm bnSatbgehIy edaykiriyasmøab´

nUvbc©&yTaMgLaymansuxCaedIm . eQμaHza manóbki,els eTA

R:sehIy eRBaHPav;énTITYlKWkielsminmanhñwgÉg . EmnBit

citþ rEmgesAhμg edayTITYlKWkiels . eQμaHza CacitþTn´

eRBaHPav;Cacitþ EdlRBHeyaKI:nGbrMlÁehIy GZib|ayza Ca

citþdlehIynUvkarsÞatCMnaj . eRBaHcitþRbRBwtþeTA kñúgGMNac

eTIbehAza citþTn´ . eRBaHPav;éncitþTn´hñwgÉg eTIbeQμaHza KYr

dlkargar GZib|ayza GtZn´dlkargar Rbkbkñúgkargar .

BitEmn citþTn´ CacitþKYrdlkargar eRb[bbIdUcCamas EdlCag

BRgab:nlÁehIy yagenaHÉg . k*citþTn´ nig citþKYrdl´kargar

TaMgBIrenaHÉg ekItman k*eRBaHPav;éncitþEdlRBHeyaKI GbrMlÁ

ehIyhñwgÉg . smdUcRBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtasza ²mñalPikú¡

TaMgLay tzaKt rMBwgrkmineXIjnUvsPav;déT sUm|IIEtsPav;

mYy EdlbuK<lcMerInehIy eZVIoeRcInehIy CasPav;Tnpg

KYrdlkargarpg dUcCacitþenHesaHeLIy ‘1’ ³ dUecñHCaedIm .

eRBaHPav;éncitþfitenAehIy kñúgKuNTaMgLay manPaBd*brisuTÆ

CaedImenaH eTIbeQμaHza fitenAehIy . eRBaHcitþfitenAhñwgÉg

eTIbeQμaHza dlnUvPaBminjabj&r GZib|ayza mineXøgeXøag

minrMeCIbrMCYy . mYyeT[t eQμaHza fitenAehIy eRBaHfitenAkñúg

GMNacrbsxøÜn edayPaBéncitþTn´ nig citþKYrdlkargar eQμaH

za dlnUvPaBminjab´j&r eRBaHPav;éncitþRtUvKuNCatiTaMgLay

1- suÇ GMÇ ÉÇ PaKTI 40 TMB&rTI 18 .

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346 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

:nCaesþccRkBtþi kñúgGnaKtkal dUecñHç esckþIR:zña rbs´

citþKhbtIenaH rEmgsMerc:n eRBaHkartaMgcitþR:zña rbsGñk

mansIl CakiriyabrisuTÆsÁat ‘1’ ³ dUecñH . n&ymYyeT[t stVTaMgLay rEmgsMerc edayKuNCatenaH

eRBaHehtuenaH KuNCatenaH eQμaHza b\TÆiu . GZib|ayza Baküza

²rEmgsMerc³ enH esckþIza CaGñksMerc cMerInruger]g CaGñkdl´

nUvKuNd*x¬gx¬s³ dUecñH .

‘b\TÆi 10 yag’

b\TÆienaH man 10 yag . dUcRBHsarIbuRteBalza Baküza

²b\TÆi TaMgLay³ :ndlb\TÆi 10 yag . RBHsarIbuRt eBal

BaküdéTeT[tza ²b\TÆiTaMg 10 yag etIdUcemþcxøH/³ . b\TÆi 10

y¨agenaH KW ;

1- GZidðana «TÆi 2- vikuBVna «TÆi 3- menamya «TÆi 4- jaNvi:öra «TiÆ 5- smaZivi:öra «TiÆ 6- Griya «TÆi 7- kmμvi:kCa «TÆi 8- buJ¦veta «TÆi 9- viC¢amya «TÆi

b\TÆi sMercedaykarGZidðanç

b\TÆi edaykareZVIoEbøkç

b\TÆi EdlsMercmkGMBIcitþç

b\TiÆ EdlpSayecjBIGrhtþmK<J¦aNç

b\TÆi EdlpSayecjmkGMBIsmaZiç

b\TÆi rbsRBHGriy;ç

b\TÆi EdlekItmkGMBIkmμvi:kç

b\TÆi rbsbuK<lGñkmanbuNüç

b\TÆi EdlsMercmkGMBIviC¢aç

1- suÇ sMÇ sÇ PaKTI 36 TMB&rTI 223 .

visuTÆimK< ERb 345

nUvPaBminjabj&r . GZib|ayza citþ CaZmμCatdlnUvPaBmin

jabj&r edayRbkarNaç fitenAehIy edayRbkarenaH . citþ

RbkbedayGg< 8 edayn&yenH CacitþKYrdlGPinIhar KWCa:T

CabTdðan edIm|IkiriyaeZVIoCakc|as´ edayR:C\ad*éRkElg nUvZ(m

TaMgLay EdlbuK<lKb|IeZVIoCakc|as edayR:C\ad*éRkElg

y¨agdUecñHÉg .

‘236’ Kb|IRCabvinicä&y kñúg:lIza ²RBHeyaKI naMcitþcUl

eTA begÁancitþcUleTA edIm|IsMEdgb\TiƳ dUcteTAenH .

eQμaHza b\TÆi edayGtæza karsMerc GZib|ayza edayGtæ

za ekItplpg edayGtæza :ncMeBaHpg . eRBaHza vtæúNa

ekItpl buK<l:ncMeBaHnUvvtæúNaç vtæúenaH elakehAza rEmg

sMerc . smdUcCaRBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´Rtasza ²kalstV

R:zña nUvkamNaç ebIkamenaH sMercdlstVenaH ‘1’ . n&ydUc

KñaenaHEdr . :lIza ²eQμaHza b\TÆi eRBaHenk¡mμ; sMercç eQμaH

za :diharü eRBaHkMcatbgç eQμaHza b\TÆi eRBaHGrhtþmK<sMercç

eQμaHza :diharü eRBaHkMcatbg ‘2’ ³ . n&ymYyeT[t eQμaHza b\TÆi edayGtæzasMerc . Baküza

b\TÆienH CaeQμaHénkiriyadlRBmedayó:y . EmnBit ó:y-

sm|Ta rEmgsMerc eRBaHkiriyaesayplEdlxøÜnR:zñaehIy .

dUcCaRBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtas´za ²EmnBit citþKhbtIenHÉg Ca

GñkmansIl manZm(d*lÁ RbsinebInwgbgR:zñaza; GatμaGjKb|I

1- suÇ xuÇ PaKTI 54 TMB&rTI 265 . 2- suÇ PaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 315 .

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

348 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

‘4- jaNvi:örb\TÆi’ KuNviess EdlekItedayGanuPaBénjaN kñúgkalmunkþI

kñúgkalCaxageRkaykþI eRBaHkarRbRBwtþieTAénjaN eQμaHza b\TÆi

KWkarpSayecjénjaN . smdUcCaRBH:lIza ²eQμaHza b\TÆi

KWkarpSayecjénjaN eRBaHseRmcGtæénkarlHbg nUvesckþI

sMKalza eT[g edaykarBicarNaeXIjza mineT[g .l. eQμaH

za b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénjaN eRBaHseRmcGtæénkarlHbgnUv

kielsTaMgBYg edayGrhtþmK< ‘dUcCa’ b\TÆi KWkarpSayecj én

jaN rbsRBHBakul; d*manGayu b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénjaN

rbs´RBHsMkic©; d*manGayu nwg b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénjaN

rbs´RBHPUt:l d*manGayu ‘1’ ³ dUecñH . ‘jaNvi:örb\TÆi rbs´RBHBakul;’

bNþaRBHezr;TaMgbIenaH Cabfm RBHBakul;d*manGayu enA

ekμgenAeLIy kñúgézámg<l RtUveKpáÚtTwk kñúgsÞwg ZøakehIykñúgExS

Twk edayesckþIRbEhsénemnM . RtIelbnUvkumarenaH ehIy:n

eTAkankMBgénRkugBaraNsI . GñkRbmgRtI cabRtIenaH:nehIy

kñúgkMBgenaH k*lkeTAoPriyaénesdðI . PriyaesdðIenaH k*ekIt

esckþIcUlcitþelIRtI ehIyeBalza ²x\úMnwgGaMgRtInu@HxøÜnÉg³ dUecñH

kMBugEtvH k*RsabEteXIjTark dUcCarUbCavikarénmas kñúgeBaH

RtI k*ekItesckþIesamnsSza ²GatμaGj:nkUnehIy³ dUecñH .

PaBminmanéneraK kñúgeBaHénRtI eQμaHza b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjén

1- suÇ xuÇ PaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 278 .

visuTÆimK< ERb 347

10- ttæ ttæ smμabeyaKbc©ya «CÄnedðn «TÆi b\TÆi eRBaH

GtæzasMerc eRBaHbc©&yénkarRbkbRtwmRtUv kñúgkic©enaH> ‘1’ . ‘1- GZidðanb\TÆi’

bNþab\TÆiTaMgenaH b\TÆi EdlRBHsarIbuRtsMEdgEvkEjk y¨ag

enHza ²Pikú¡EtmYyrUbeT edayRbRktI Etnwkcgo:neRcInrUb KW

nwkcgoeTACamYyryrUbkþI mYyBanrUbkþI mYyhμÅnrUbkþI luHnwkcg´

ehIy k*GZidðan edayjaNza; sUmoGatμaGj manrUbeRcIn³

dUecñHCaedIm ‘2’ eQμaHza b\TÆi KWkarGZidðan eRBaHPav;énb\TÆienaH

sMercehIy edayGMNacénkarGZidðan .

‘2- vikuBVnb\TÆi’ b\TÆi EdlmkehIy eday:lIy¨agenHza ²RBHGPiPUenaH lH

bgePTCaRbRktI ehIysMEdgePTCakumarxøH sMEdgePTCanaK

xøH .l. sMEdgePTCakgTahanEbøk> KñaxøH ‘3’ ³ dUecñHCaedIm

eQμaHza b\TÆ KWkareZVIoEbøk eRBaHPav;énb\TÆienaH RbRBwtþeTAeday

GMNackarlHbgePTRbRktI nig eZVIoxusEbøk ‘BIePTRbRktI’ .

‘3- menamyb\TiÆ’ b\TÆi EdlmkehIy edayn&yenHza ²Pikú¡ kñúgsasnaenH

nimμit nUvkaydéT GMBIkayenH manrUbEdlsMercGMBIcitþ³ dUecñHCa

edIm eQμaHza b\TÆi EdlsMercGMBIcitþ eRBaHPav;énb\TÆienaHRbRBwtþ

eTA edayGMNacénkarekIteLIg énsrIr;déTeT[t EdlsMercmk

GMBIcitþ BÆd*xagkñúgénragkay .

1- suÇ PaKTI 71 TMB&r 264 . 2- TMB&r 269 . 3- TMB&r 277 .

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 349

jaN rbsRBHBakul;d*manGayu CaGñkekIt kñúgPBCaTIbMput

eRBaHPaBminmaneraKkñúgeBaHénRtIenaH ekItehIy edayGanuPaB

énRBHGrhtþmK<J¦aN EdlelakKb|I:n edayGtþPaBenaH

dUecñH . k*bNÐitKb|IsMEdger]g ‘RBHBakul;’ edayBisþar .

‘jaNvi:örb\TÆi rbs´RBHsMkic©;’ k*kalRBHsg,ic©etær taMgenAkñúgK(PenAeLIy matak*:neZVI

mrNkaleTA . kalEdlmataenaH RtUveKelIkeLIgkaneCIgz,r

cakedayeQIRsYcehIydutç Tark b¨HeRK]gRbharRtgknÞúyEPñk

edaycugeQIRsYc :nERskehIy . lMdabenaH BYkmnusSTaMg

Lay k*:ndakTarkenaHcuHehIy edayKitza ²TarkenAmanCIvit³

dUecñH vHeBaHrYcehIy k*:noTarkeTACIdUn . TarkenaH RtUvCIdUn

enaH EzTaM luHZMcMerInv&yehIy k*eTAbYs :nsMercnUvRBHGrhtþ

RBmTaMgbdismÖiTaTaMgLay . PaBminmaneraK elIeCIgz,rénós

tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIy yagenHÉg eQμaHza b\TÆi KWkar

pSayecjénjaN rbsRBHsgi,c©; d*manGayu .

‘jaNvi:örb\TÆi rbs´RBHPUt:l’ er]gmYyeT[t ÓBuk rbsPUt:lTark CamnusST&lRk kñúg

TIRkugraCRKwH . ÓBukenaH eTAkanéRBedayreTH edIm|IRbeyaCn¾

dlós pÞúkóseRscehIy eTAdlTICitTVarRkugkñúgeBlláac .

CYnRKaenaH eKaTaMgLayrbsKat edaHecjBInwmehIy k*cUleTA

kan´TIRkug . ÓBukenaH okUntUcGg<úyelITUkreTHehIy k*eTAtam

daneCIgeKaTaMgLay :ncUleTAkanTIRkugpgEdr . kalKatmin

350 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

Tan´ecjmkvijenAeLIy TVarbiTehIy . PaBEdlTark minman

eraK GsraRtImanyambI xageRkARkug sUm|ICaTIRtaceTA énykS

sahav eQμaHza b\TÆi KWkarpSayeTAénjaN tamn&yEdlelak

eBalehIyenaHÉg . k*bNÐit Kb|IsMEdger]g oBisþarpg .

‘5- smaZivi:örb\TÆi’ KuNviess EdlekItehIy edayGanuPaBénsmz; mun ß

eRkaysmaZi ßk* kñúgxN;énsmaZienaH b\TÆi KWkarpSayecj

énsmaZi . smdUcRBHd*manRBHPaKRtas´za ²eQμaHza b\TÆi KWkar

pSayecjénsmaZi eRBaHseRmcGtæénkarlHbg nUvnIvrN;TaMg

Lay edaybfmCÄan .l. eQμaHza b\TÆi KWkarpSayecj én

smaZi eRBaHsMercGtæénkarlHbgnUvGakiJ©J¦aytnsJ¦a eday

envsJ¦anasJ¦aytnsmabtþi ‘dUcCa’ b\TÆi KWkarpSayecj én

smaZi rbsRBHsarIbutþd*manGayuç b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénsmaZi

rbs´RBHsJ¢Iv;manGayuç b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénsmaZi rbsRBH

xaNuekaNÐJ¦; d*manGayuç b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénsmaZi rbs´

ó:sikaeQμaHótþraç b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénsmaZi rbsó:sika

eQμaHsamavtI ‘1’ ³ . ‘smaZivi:örb\TÆi rbs´RBHsarIbuRt’

bNþaRBHezr;TaMgenaH kalRBHsarIbuRtd*manGayu KgenA

Ek|rjkPñMeQμaHte:t; CamYynwgRBHmhaemaK<løanetær ekarsk

ehIyzμI> Gg<úykñúgTIval kñúgraRtIxagexñItç manykSkMNacmYy

1- suÇ xuÇ KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 280 .

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 351

TukCaykSCasMLajhamXat k*:noehIynUvkarRbhar elI

RBHeksç sMeLgEdlKMram :nekItehIydUcCasMeLgénemX

kñúgkalNaç kñúgkalenaH RBHezr;cUlsmabtþiehIy kñúgsm&y

CaTIRbharrbsykSenaH . RKaenaH GaBaZtictYcmin:nekItman

dlelak eRBaHkarRbharenaHeLIy . b\TÆienH eQμaHzab\TÆi KWkar

pSayecjénsmaZi rbsRBHsarIbuRtd*manGayuenaH . Éer]gmk

ehIy kñúgóTanÉeNaH .

‘smaZivi:örb\TÆi rbs´RBHsJ¢Iv;’ er]gmYyeT[t GñkKgValeKaTaMgLay sMKalehIy nUvRBH

sJ¢Ivetær EdlcUlnieraZsmabtþiza ²eZVIkalkiriyaehIy³ :n

CJ¢ÚnnUvesμA kMNateQI nig Gacm¾eKa mkdutePøIg . sUm|Ivtæú

RtwmEtcugénecs kñúgcIvrrbs´RBHezr; k*ePøIgmineqHeLIy . kar

minmanGnþrayedayePøIgenH eQμaHzab\TÆiKWkarpSayecjénsmaZi

eRBaHPav;énb\TÆienaH ekItehIy edayGanuPaBénsmz; Edl:n

RbRBwtþeTAehIy edayGMNacénsmabtþitamlMdabrbselak .

Éer]g mkehIy kñúgRBHsURtÉeNaH .

‘smaZivi:örb\TÆi rbs´RBHxaNuekaNÐJ¦etær’ cMENkRBHxaNuekaNÐJ¦etær tamRbRktI CaGñkeRcIneday

smabtþiEmnBit . RBHezr;Gg<enaH Gg<úycUlsmabtþi GsmYy

raRtI kñúgéRBmYy . BYkecar 500 nak lYcRTBüeKehIyeTA man

R:zñaedIm|IQbsMrak edayKitza ²«LÚvenH minmanm©asRTBü

mktampøÚvBYkeyIgeT³ dUecñH kaldaknUvbegVcRTBü k*sMKal´za

352 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

²enHCadg<t³ :ndakbegVcRTBüTaMgGs xagelIRBHezr;Etmþg .

kalBYkecarTaMgenaHsMrakehIyecjeTAç RBHezr;ecjBIsmabtþi

ehIyedayGMNacénkiriyakMNtnUvkal kñúgkalCaTIkan´yknUv

begVcRTBüEdlecardakehIyCadMbUg . BYkecarTaMgenaH eXIjnUv

Gakar;kMerIk rbs´RBHezr;ehIy k*P&yrtEckpøÚvKñaeTA . RBHezr;

eBalza ²Enó:skTaMgLay BYkGñkkMuxøaceLIy GatμaCaPikú¡³ .

BYkecarTaMgenaH mkzVaybg<MehIy bYsedayesckþIRCHzøaEdlfit

enAkñúgRBHezr;ehIy :nsMercnUvRBHGrhtþ RBmTaMgbdismÖiTa .

karminmanGaBaZénRBHezr;EdlRtUvbegVcRTBü 500 kJ©b RKb

sg,tehIykñúgéRBenaH eQμaHza b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénsmaZi .

‘smaZivi:örb\TÆi rbs´ótþraó:sika’ cMENknagótþraó:sika CaZIta rbsbuNÑkesdðI . RsIp,a

mas eQμaHsirima manesckþIRcENnRKbsg,tehIy :neRsac

eRbgd*ekþATaMgxÞH elIk|alnagótþra . nagótþra cUlemtþaehIy

kñúgxN;enaHÉg . eRbg:nxÞatecjeTA dUcCaTwkxÞatecjBIsøwk

QUk . enHCab\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénsmaZirbsnagótþraenaH .

Éer]gbNÐitKb|I ‘sMEdg’ oBisþarcuH .

‘smaZivi:örb\TÆi rbs´RBHnagsamavtI’ GK<mehsI énRBH:TóeTn RBHnamsamavtI . maKNÐiy-

RBahμN¾ R:zñatMENgCaGK<mehsI dlZItarbs´xøÜn :noeK

dakBsGasirBis kñúgBiNrbsRBHnagsamavtIenaH ehIyTUl

RBHraCaza ²bBiRtmharaC RBHnagsamavtI R:zñacgeZVIKtRBH

ពទ�ធកស

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េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 353

Gg< cabBsGasirBis rkSaTukkñúgBiN³ . RBHraCaRTgTtBs´

enaH RTgx\alehIy elIkeLIgnUvZñÚ edaymanbMNgza ²Gjnwg

smøabnagsamavtI³ ehIyes[tnUvkUnsr EdlRtaMehIyedayzñaM

Bis . RBHnagsamavtI RBmTaMgbrivar :npSayemtþa eTAkan´

RBHraCa . RBHraCa kalminGacedIm|I:j nig minGacedIm|Idak´

cuHnUvkUnsr:n k*RTgjabj&rRbzabenAehIy . lMdabenaH RBH

nageTvITUlRBHGg<za ²bBiRtmharaC etIRBHGg<RTglM:kß/³ .

²eGIx\úMlM:k³ RBHraCaeqøIy . ²ebIdUecñaH sUmRBHGg<RTgdakZñÚcuH³

RBHnagTUl . kUnsr:nZøakehIy Ek|rTICiténRBH:T rbsRBH

raCaEtmþg . lMdabenaH RBHnageTvI TUn μanRBHraCaenaHza ²bBiRt

mharaC RBHGg<minRtUvRbTUsþ cMeBaHGñkEdlminRbTUsþtbeT³ .

PaBénRBHraCaminGacedIm|IElgnUvsr dUceBalmkenH eQμaHza

b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénsmaZi rbsó:sikasamavtI dUecñHÉg .

‘6- Griyb\TÆi’ cMENkxagb\TÆi manb\TÆiénCnGñkmankiriyaenA edayesckþI

sMKalza minKYrex¬ImCaedIm kñúgvtæúEdlKYrex¬ImCaedIm CaRbRktI

eQμaHzaGriyb\TÆi . b\TÆi KWPaBGñkx¬gx¬s etIdUcemþc/ . Pikú¡ kñúg

sasnaenH ebIR:zñaza ²GatμaGj Kb|ImanesckþIsMKalza min

KYrex¬Im kñúgrbsEdlKYrex¬Imç elakk*CaGñksMKalza minKYrex¬Im

kñúgrbs´enaH .l. CaGñkmansμartI dwgxøÜn Rbkbedayóebk¡a

kñúgrbs´EdlKYrex¬ImenaH ‘1’ ³ . Emn b\TiÆ manPaBCaGñksMKal´

1- suÇ xuÇ PaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 281 .

354 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

za minKYrex¬Im kñúgrbsKYrex¬ImCaedImenH ehAza ²Griyb\TÆi³ eRBaH

ekItmancMeBaHRBHGriyTaMgLay EdldlehIynUvkarsÞateday

GMNacéncitþbu¨eNÑaH . EmnBit Pikú¡CaRBHxINaRsB RbkbRBm

edayGriyb\TÆienH kaleZVInUvkarpSayemtþakþI nUvkareZVITukkñúgcitþ

nUvZatukþI kñúgvtæúEdlKYrex¬Im KWminCaTIR:zña eQμaHza CaGñkman

esckþIsMKalza minKYrex¬ImKgenAç kaleZVInUvkarpSaynUvGsuPkþI

nUvkareZVITukkñúgcitþza ²mineT[g³ dUecñHkþI kñúgvtæúEdlminKYrex¬Im KW

EdlCaTIR:zña eQμaHza GñkmanesckþIsMKalzaKYrex¬Im KgenA .

n&ydUcKñaenaHEdr Pikú¡kaleZVIkarpSayemtþakþI nUvkareZVITukkñúgcitþ

nUvZatukþI enaHÉg kñúgvtæúEdlKYrex¬Im nig minKYrex¬Im eQμaHza Gñk

manesckþIsMKal´za minKYrex¬ImKgenAç nig kaleZVInUvkarpSay

GsuP;kþI nUvkareZVITukkñúgcitþza ²mineT[g³ dUecñHkþI enaHÉg kñúgvtæú

EdlminKYrex¬Im nig KYrex¬Im k*eQμaHza CaGñkmanesckþIsMKalza

minKYrKgenA . cMENkPikú¡ kaljúaMgqLg<úebk¡a EdleBalehIy

edayn&yza ²Pikú¡ eXIjnUvrUb edayEPñkehIy CaGñkmineRtkGr³

dUecñHCaedIm oRbRBwtþeTA ev[recjnUvGarmμN¾TaMgBIrenaH TaMgkñúg

vtæúEdlKYrex¬Impg nig vtæúminKYrex¬Impg k*eQμaHza CaGñkRBegIy

kenþIy manstism|CJ¦; KgenA . eRBaHza kñúgbdismÖiTa RBH

sarIbuRt cMENkesckþIenHÉg edayn&yCaedImza ²sYrza; Pikú¡

manesckþIsMKal´za minKYrex¬Im kñúgvtæúEdlKYrex¬ImKgenA etIdUc

emþc/ . eqøIyza; Pikú¡pSayemtþacitþ ß BicarNaza CaZatu kñúg

vtæúEdlminCaTIR:zña³ dUecñH edayRbkary¨agenHÉg .

ពទ�ធកស

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េមរ

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រារាម

356 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

:n mYyGenøIedayesna RbkbedayGg< 4 edayehaceTA rab´

taMgGMBIbursGñkcgesH nig GñkrkSaeKaç b\TÆi rbsGñkmanbuNü

eQμaHeCatikKhbtIç b\TÆi rbsGñkmanbuNü eQμaHCdilKhbtIç

b\TÆi rbsGñkmanbuNü eQμaHeXasitKhbtIç b\TÆi rbsGñkman

buNü eQμaHemNÐkKhbtIç b\TÆi rbsbuK<lGñkmanbuNüZM 5

nakç b\TÆienH eQμaHza b\TÆi rbsbuK<lGñkmanbuNü ‘1’ ³dUecñH . ebIniyayedayseg¡b KuNviess rbs´buK<lEdlsMerc kñúg

buJ¦smÖar EdldlnUvkareBjeljehIy eQμaHza b\TÆi rbs´

buK<lGñkmanbuNü .

k*bNþabuK<lGñkmanbuNüTaMgenaH sMrabeCatikKhbtI man

R:saTEkvmNI nig edImkb|RBwkS 64 edIm TMlaynUvEpndI

puseLIgehIyç enHCab\TÆi rbsGñkmanbuNü eQμaHeCatikKhbtI

enaH . sMrabCdilKhbtI manPñMmaskMBs 80 htæ ekIteLIg

ehIy . kalebIeKeZVIesckþIBüayamedIm|Ismøab kñúgTI 7 kEnøg

PaBminmaneraK Cab\TÆi rbsGñkmanbuNüeQμaHeXaskKhbtI.

Pav;énBEBTaMgLay EdlsMercehIyGMBIrtn; 7 Rbkar R:kd

eLIg kñúgRbeTsRtwmEtP¢Ür:nmYyKnøg Cab\TÆi rbsGñkmanbuNü

eQμaHemNÐkKhbtI . eQμaHza buK<lGñkmanbuNüTaMgLay 5

nak KW; emNÐkesdðI 1ç PriyarbsKat eQμaHcnÞbTumsiri 1ç

kUnRbus eQμaHZnJ¢yesdðI 1ç kUnRbsaRsI eQμaHsumneTvI 1ç

x\MúRbus eQμaHbuNÑ; 1 . bNþabuK<lGñkmanbuNüTaMg 5 enaH

1- suÇ xuÇ KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 284 .

visuTÆimK< ERb 355

b\TÆi manPaBCaGñkmanesckþIsMKalza minKYr kñúgvtæúEdlKYr Ca

edImenH elakehAza Griyb\TÆi eRBaHekItmancMeBaHRBHGriy;TaMg

Lay Edl:nnUvecetavsI EtbueNÑaH edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘7- kmμvi:kCb\TiÆ’ cMENkb\TÆi mankareTAtamGakasCaedIm rbsstVTaMgLay

manstVsøabCaedIm eQμaHza b\TÆi ekItGMBIplkmμ . dUc:lIza

²sYrza; b\TÆi ekItGMBIplkmμ etIdUcemþc/ . eqøIyza; b\TÆi rbs

stVsøabTaMgGs rbseTvtaTaMgGs rbsBYkmnusSxøH rbs´

stVCavini:tik;xøH enH KWb\TÆi ekItGMBIplkmμ³ dUecñH . EmnBit

bNþastVTaMgenaH kareTAtamGakas:n rbsstVsøabTaMgGs´

ev[rcakQan ß vibsSna Cab\TÆi ekItGMBIplkmμç k*dUcKñaenaHEdr

kareTAtamGakas:n rbsBYkeTvtaTaMgGs nig mnusSBYkxøH

EdlekItkñúgbfmkb| k*Cab\TÆi ekItGMBIplkm μEdrç dUcKñaenaHEdr

kareTAtamGakas:n rbsvini:tik;TaMgLayBYkxøH manCaGaTi¾

KW yki¡nI Camatarbs´RBHbiyg,rç yki¡nI CamatarbsótþrmaNBç

yki¡nI eQμaHbusSmitþaç yki¡nI eQμaHZmμKutþa k*Cab\TÆi ekItGMBIpl

kmμEdr yagenHÉg .

‘8- buJ¦veta«TÆi’ cMENkÉb\TÆi mankareTAtamGakasCaedIm énviessCnTaMg

Lay manesþccRkBtþiCaedIm eQμaHza b\TÆi rbsbuK<lGñkman

buNü . smdUcRBHsarIbuRteBalza ²b\TÆi rbsbuK<lGñkman

buNü etIdUcemþc/ . RBHraCa cRkBtþi RTgesþceTAkan´Gakas

ពទ�ធកស

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េមរ

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រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 357

kúñgeBlEdlesdðIkkk|alehIy egIyemIlnUvGakas CRguk

RsUv 1ç250 xñg eBjedayRsUvsalIBN(RkhmGMBIGakas .

kalPriya cabyk:yRtwmEtmYynaLi ehIyGg<asnUvCnTaMg

Lay GñkenAkñúgCm¬ÚTVIbTaMgmUlç :yk*enAEtminGsEdr . kal

EdlkUnRbus yknUvzgkhabN;mYyBanehIy odlBYkCn

GñkenAkñúgCm¬ÚTVIbTaMgGs khabN;TaMgLay k*enAEtminGs .

kalkUnRbsaRsI ykRsUvmYykeJ¢I ehIyeRbIoeKEck dlCn

GñkenAkñúgCm¬ÚTVIbTaMgmUl RsUvk*enAEtminGsEdr . kalx\MúRbus

P¢Üredayng<&lmYy ekItman 14 Knøg KW xagenH 7 Knøg xagenH

7 Knøg . enHCab\TÆi rbsGñkmanbuNü énCnTaMg 5 enaH .

‘9- viC¢amyb\TÆi’ cMENkb\TÆi mandMeNIreTAkanGakasCaedIm énCnTaMgLay

manCnGñkRTRTg nUvviC¢aCaedIm eQμaHza b\TÆi seRmcedayviC¢a .

smdUc:lIza ²b\TÆisMercedayviC¢a etIdUcemþc/ . BYkGñkviC¢aZr

raynUvviC¢aehIy ehaHeTAkan´Gakas:n sMEdgxøÜnCadMrI enAelI

GakasTeTk*:n .l. sMEdgxøÜnCakgTahanepSg> k*:n .

‘10- ttæ ttæÇÇÇ «CÄnedðn «TÆi’ cMENkkarsMercnUvkmμenaH> eRBaHkarRbkbRtUvenaH> eQμaH

zab\TiÆ edayGtæzasMerc eRBaHkarRbkbRtUvkñúgkmμenaH>Cabc©&y.

smdUc:lIza ²eQμaHza b\TÆi edayGtæzasMerc eRBaHkarRbkb

RtUvkñúgGMeBIenaH> Cabc©&y eRBaHsMercGtæénkarlHbgnUvkamcänÞ;

edayenk¡mμ; .l. eQμaHza b\TÆiedayGtæzasMerc eRBaHkarRbkb

358 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

RtUv kñúgGMeBIenaH>Cabc©&y eRBaHsMercGtæénkarlHbgnUvkiels

TaMgLayTaMgBYg edayGrhtþmK< ‘1’ ³ dUecñH . É:lImkehIy kñúgnieTÞsénb\TÆiTaMg10 enH k*dUcKñanwg:lI

kñúgnieTÞsénb\TÆimunEdr edayGMNacénkarsMEdg nUvesckþIRbkb

RtUv eBalKWkarRbtibtþidUcKña . cMENkÉb\TÆi EdlmkehIy kñúg

Gdðkzaza ²KuNviessEdlekIteLIgehIy eRBaHeZVIkmμenaH> KW

sil|kmμ NanImYy edayGMNacénkareZVInUvviZImank|ÜnreTH Ca

edIm evC¢kmμ NanImYy karer[nnUvevTTaMgbI karer[nRBHéRtbidk

TaMgbI edayehaceTA mankarP¢ÜrnigkarsabeRBaHCaedIm eQμaHza

b\TÆiedayGtæzasMerc eRBaHkarRbkbRtUvkñúgkmμenaH> Cabc©&y³ .

kñúgb\TÆiTaMg 10 EdleBalmkenH GZidðanb\TÆi bu¨eNÑaH mk

ehIy kñúgbTenHza ²«TÆiviZay³ dUecñH . EtkñúgesckþIenH bNÐit

Kb|IR:zña vikuBVnb\TÆi nig menamyb\TÆi EmnBit .

‘EkGtæbT:lI’ ‘237’ bTza ²«TÆiviZay³ esckþIza kñúgcMENkénb\TÆi ßk*

kñúgdMENgénb\TÆi . eRcInbTza ²citþM GPinIhrti GPininñaemti³ esckþIza Pikú¡enaH kalebIcitþenaH KWQanmanGPiJ¦aCaTItaMg ekIt

ehIy edayGMNacénkarGb´rMcitþ manRbkardUceBalmkehIy

rEmgbegÁn nUvbrikmμcitþeTA edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dlkar:ncMENk én

b\TÆi KWnaMecj‘nUvcitþ’ cakGarm μN¾énksiNehIy EtgbJ¢Ún ‘nUv

citþenaH’omanmuxeq¬aHeTArkkardMENgb\TÆi . bTza ²GPininñaemti³ 1- suÇ xu PaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 285 .

ពទ�ធកស

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េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 359

esckþIza eZVI ‘nUvcitþ’ oeTreTArkb\TÆi KWoejaceTArkb\TÆi Edl

xøÜnKb|I:n . bTza ²esa³ :ndlPikú¡enaH CaGñkmankarksag

kñúgcitþ:neZVIehIy yagdUecñaH . bTza ²GenkvihitM³ ERbza

maneRcInEbb KWmanRbkarepSg> . bTza ²«TÆiviZM³ ERbzacMENk

énb\TÆi . bTza ²bc©nuePati³ esckþIza :nesay KW:nBal´

RtUv :neZVIoCakc|as´ :nsMerc .

‘BhuPav:diharü’ kñúgkal«LÚvenH RBHmanRBHPaK kalRTgsMEdg nUvPav;én

cMENkénb\TÆienaHmaneRcInyag eTIbRTgRtas´za ²Éekabi hutVa³ dUecñHCaedIm . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTza ²Éekabi hutVa³ KW tam

RbRktI kñúgeBlmun GMBIkareZVInUvb\TÆihñwgÉg k*CabuK<lEtmYyrUb .

BIrbTza ²BhuZa ehati³ esckþIza ‘Pikú¡mYyrUb’ CaGñkR:zña

edIm|Ic®g,mkþI CaGñkR:zñaedIm|IeZVInUvkarsVaZüaykþI CaGñkR:zña

edIm|IsYrRbsñakþI kñúgsMNakénPikú¡eRcInrUb ‘o’ eTACamYyryrUb

k*:n mYyBan´rUbk*:n .

‘«TÆiviZI’ sYrza ²cuHPikú¡rUbenH ekItyagenH edayRbkardUcemþc/³ .

eqøIyza ²Pikú¡rUbenaH júaMgPUmi 4 énb\TÆi :T 4 bT 8 mUl 16

énb\TÆi odlRBmehIy GZidðanedayjaN .

‘PUmi 4 énb\TÆi’ kñúgviZITaMgenaH Qan 4 bNÐiKb|IRCabza PUmi 4 . smdUc

CaRBHZmμesnabtI eBalehIyza ²PUmi 4 énb\TÆi etIdUcemþc / .

360 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

PUmiCaTIekIténvievk KWbfmCÄan 1 PUmiCaTIekIténbIti nig sux; KW

TutiyCÄan 1 PUmiCaTIekIténóebk¡anigsux; KWttiyCÄan 1 PUmiCa

TIekIténevTnaminTuk¡minsux; KWctutæCÄan 1ç enHÉg PUmiTaMg 4

rbs´b\TÆi RbRBwtþeTA edIm|I:nnUvb\TÆi edIm|I:ncMeBaHnUvb\TÆi edIm|I

kareZVIoEbøkénb\TÆi edIm|IbgØÚreTAénb\TÆi edIm|IPaBénkarsÞatkñúgb\TÆi

edIm|IesckþIekø{vkøa kñúgb\TÆi ‘1’ ³ . k*RBHeyaKI QancUlehIy nUvsuxsJ¦apg nUvlhusJ¦a

pg ehIyCaGñkmankayRsal Tn nig KYrdlkargar ehIy

sMercnUvb\TÆi eRBaHkarpSaynUvbIti nig eRBaHkarpSaynUvsux;

eRBaHehtuNa eRBaHehtuenaH bNþaQanTaMg 4 enaH bNÐit

Kb|IRCabQan 3 xagedIm za ²eQμaHza manPUmisMrabCaeRK]g

Rbkb³ eRBaHRbRBwtþeTAedIm|I:ncMeBaHnUvb\TÆi edaybriyayenH .

cMENkctutæCÄan eQμaHza PUmiCaRbRktI eRBaHRbRBwtþeTAedIm|I:n

nUvb\TÆiEmnBit .

‘:Ténb\TÆi 4’ «TÆi:T 4 bNÐitKb|IRCabza :T 4 . smdUcCaRBH:lI

za ²b\TÆi man:T 4 etIdUcemþc/ . Pikú¡ kñúgsasnaenH cMerInnUv

«TÆi:T RbkbedayqnÞsmaZi nig bZansg¡ar 1 cMerInnUv«TÆi:T

RbkbedayvIriysmaZi nig bZansg¡ar 1 cMerInnUv«TÆi:T Rbkb

edaycitþsmaZi nig bZansg¡ar 1 cMerInnUv«TÆi:T Rbkbeday

vImMsasmaZi nig bZansg¡ar 1ç enHÉg:TTaMg 4 énb\TÆi RbRBwtþ

1- suÇ xuÇ KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 264 .

ពទ�ធកស

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េមរ

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រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 361

eTA edIm|I:nnUvb\TÆi .l. edIm|IesckþIekø{vkøa kñúgb\TÆi ³ .

k*kñúgnieTÞsén«TÆi:TenH smaZiEdlmanq&nÞ;CaehtukþI man

q&nÞ;d*elIslubkþI eQμaHza qnÞsmaZi . Baküza qnÞsmaZienH

CaeQμaHénsmaZi EdlRBHeyaKIeZVInUvq&nÞ; KWPaBénxøÜnCaGñkcgeZVI

oCaGZibtI ehIyeTIb:nsMerc .

sg¡arTaMgLayEdlCatYénesckþIBüayam eQμaHza bZan-

sg¡ar . Baküza bZansg¡arenH CaeQμaH énesckþIBüayam

eBalKWesckþIBüayamRtUv EdljúaMgkic© 4 osMerc . Baküza

²smnñaKtM³ KWRbkbehIy edayqnÞsmaZi nig bZansg¡ar .

Baküza ²«TiÆ:TM³ esckþIza KMnréncitþ nig ectsikd*essEdl

eQμaHza :T eRBaHesckþIzaCaTItaMgénqnÞsmaZi nig bZansg¡ar

TaMgLay EdlRbkbehIy edayGPiJ¦acitþ EdldlnUvkarrab´

za b\TÆi edayGtæzasMerc edaybriyayzaekItpl n&ymYyeT[t

dlnUvkarrabza b\TÆi eRBaHCaeRK]gsMercénstVTaMgLay eday

briyayenHza CaeRK]gruger]g CaeRK]gcMerIn CaeRK]gd*x¬gx¬s .

smdUcCaRBH:lI za ; ²Baküza «TÆi:T :ndl evTnaxnÆ

sJ¦axnÆ sg¡ark¡nÆ viJ¦aNk¡nÆ énPikú¡GñkR:kddUecñaH ³ .

n&ymYyeT[t eQμaHza :T eRBaHCaeRK]gEdlbuK<lKb|I

dl GZib|ayza CaeRK]gsMerc . :Ténb\TÆi eQμaHza «TÆi:T .

Baküza «TÆi:T enH CaeQμaHénZm(TaMgLay manq&nÞ;CaedIm .

smdUcCaRBH:lIza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay ebIPikú¡GaRs&y nUvq&nÞ;

ehIy:nnUvsmaZi :nnUvPaBéncitþmanGarmμN¾EtmYyç enHehA

362 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

za qnÞsmaZiç Pikú¡enaH júaMgq&nÞ;oekIt RbwgERbg R:rBÆBüayam

p<gcitþeLIg taMgBüayammaM edIm|IjúaMgZm(TaMgLay CaGkusl

d*lamk EdlminTan´ekIteLIg minoekIteLIg:n .l. TaMgenH

ehAza bZansg¡arç enHehAza q&nÞ;pg enHehAza q&nÞsmaZipg

enHehAza bZansg¡arpg edayRbkardUecñH . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay

enHehAza «TÆi:T RbkbedayqnÞsmaZi nig bZansg¡ar ‘1’ ³ . sUm|Ikñúg«TÆi:Td*ess k*bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþI yagenHEdr .

‘bT 8 énb\TÆi’ ‘238’ bTTaMgLay 8 manq&nÞ;CaedIm bNÐitKb|IRCabza

bT8 . smdUcRBH:lIza ²b\TÆi manbT 8 etIdUcemþc/ . ebIPikú¡

GaRs&yq&nÞ; ehIy:nnUvsmaZi KW:nnUvPaBéncitþmanGarmμN¾

EtmYy 1ç q&nÞ;minEmnsmaZi smaZiminEmnq&nÞ; q&nÞ;edayELk

smaZiedayELk 1ç ebIPikú¡GaRs&ynUvvIriy; ehIy:nnUvsmaZi

KW:nnUvPaBéncitþ manGarmμN¾EtmYy 1ç vIriy; minEmnsmaZi

smaZiminEmnvIriy; vIriy;edayELk smaZiedayELk 1ç ebI

Pikú¡GaRs&ycitþ ehIy:nsmaZi KW:nnUvPaBéncitþ manGarmμN¾

EtmYy 1ç citþminEmnsmaZi smaZiminEmncitþ citþedayELk

smaZiedayELk 1ç ebIPikú¡GaRs&ynUvvImMsa ehIy:nsmaZi

KW:nnUvPaBéncitþ manGarmμN¾EtmYy 1ç vImMsa minEmnsmaZi

smaZiminEmnvImMsa vImMsaedayELk smaZiedayELk 1ç TaMg

enHÉg bT 8 rbsb\TÆi RbRBwtþeTA edIm|I:nnUvb\TÆi edIm|I:ncMeBaH

1- suÇ sMÇ mÇ PaKTI 38 TMB&rTI 291 .

ពទ�ធកស

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364 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

‘7’ citþ EdlputRsLH rEmgminjabj&r edaykamraK;

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç

‘8’ citþ EdlminmaneRK]gRbkb rEmgminjabj&r eday

kiels eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjabj&rç

‘9’ citþ EdlKμanPøWKWkiels rEmgminjabj&r edayPøWKW

kiels eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjabj&rç

‘10’ citþ EdlmanGarmμN¾EtmYy rEmgminjabj&r eday

kielsmansPaBepSg> ehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjabj&rç

‘11’ citþ EdlmansTÆaEzrkSa rEmgminjabj&r edayvtæú

EdlminKYreC] eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjabj&rç

‘12’ citþ EdlmanvIriy;EzrkSa rEmgminjabj&r edaykar

x¢ilRcGUs eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç

‘13’ citþEdlmanstiEzrkSa rEmgminjabj&redayesckþI

RbmaT eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjabj&rç

‘14’ citþ EdlmansmaZiEzrkSa rEmgminjabj&r eday

esckþIraymay eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjabj&rç

‘15’ citþ EdlmanbJ¦aEzrkSa rEmgminjabj&redayGviC¢a

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç

‘16’ citþ EdlPøWsVag rEmgminjabj&r edayggwtKWGviC¢a

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç

TaMgenH CamUl 16 rbsb\TÆi EtgRbRBwtþeTA edIm|I:nnUvb\TÆi

edIm|I:ncMeBaHnUvb\TÆi edIm|IkareZVIoEbøkénb\TÆi edIm|IbgØÚreTAénb\TÆi

visuTÆimK< ERb 363

nUvb\TÆi edIm|IkareZVIoEbøkénb\TÆi edIm|IbgØÚreTAénb\TÆi edIm|IPaBénkar

sÞatkñúgb\TÆi edIm|IesckþIekø{vkøakñúgb\TÆi³ . eRBaHkñúg:lIenaH qnÞ;

KWPaBCaGñkR:zñaedIm|IjúaMgb\TÆi oekIteLIg luHEtRbkbehIykñúg

TICamYyKña edaysmaZibueNÑaH eTIbRbRBwtþeTAedIm|I:nnUvb\TÆi .

«TÆi:TTaMgLayd*ess manvIriy;CaedIm k*y¨agenaHEdr . eRBaH

ehtuenaH bTTaMg 8 manq&nÞ;CaedImenH bNÐitKb|IRCabza elak

eBalehIyza bT 8 .

‘mUl 16 énb\TÆi’ PaBéncitþminjabj&r edayGakar; 16 bNÐitKb|IRCabza

mUl 16 . smdUcRBH:lIza ²b\TÆi manmUl 16 etIdUcemþc/ .

‘1’ citþ EdlmineRTam rEmgminjabj&r edayesckþIx¢il

RcGUs eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjabj&rç

‘2’ citþ Edlmine:¨geLIg rEmgminjabj&r edayesckþI

revIrvay eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjabj&rç

‘3’ citþ EdlminTn´eTar rEmgminjabj&r edayraK; eRBaH

ehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjabj&rç

‘4’ citþ EdlminbegÁan rEmgminjabj&r edayBüa:T

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç

‘5’ citþ EdlminGaRs&y rEmgminjabj&r edayTidði eRBaH

ehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjabj&rç

‘6’ citþ EdlminCabCMBak rEmgminjabj&r edayqnÞraK;

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç

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រារាម

366 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

GZidðanenaH citþ EdlmanQanCaTItaMg mannimitþCaGarm μN¾ç citþ

kñúgbrikmμTaMgLay manmnusScMnYn100 CaGarmμN¾ ßmanmnusS

cMnYn 1ç000 CaGarm μN¾ . EtGarm μN¾TaMgenaH ekItman eday

GMNacénBN( minEmnedayGMNacénbJ¦tþieT. sUm|IGZidðancitþ

k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr KWmanmnusScMnYn100 CaGarmμN¾ ß manmnusS

cMnYn 1ç000 CaGarmμN¾ . GZidðancitþenaH CacitþEtmYybu¨eNÑaH

RbkbedayrU:vcrctutæCÄan rEmgekIteLIg bnÞabGMBIeKaRtPUcitþ

dUcCaGb|nacitþ EdlelakeBalehIy kñúgkalmun . BaküÉNa

EdlelakeBalehIy kñúgbdismÖiTaza ²edayRbRktI Pikú¡EtmYy

rUbeT Etnwkcgo:neRcInrUb KWnwkoeTACamYyryrUbkþI mYyBan´

rUbkþI mYymWunrUbkþI luHnwkcgehIy k*GZidðanedayjaNza; sUm

oGatμaGjmanrUbeRcIn Pikú¡enaH k*:nrUbeRcIn dUcCaRBHculøbnæk

d*manGayu ‘1’ ³ dUecñHç sUm|IkñúgBaküEdlelakeBalehIy kñúg

bdismÖiTaenaH Baküza ²nwkrMBwg³ elakeBalehIy edayGMNac

énbrikmμhñwgÉg . Baküza ²luHnwkehIy k*GZidðan edayjaN³

KWelakeBalehIy edayGMNacénjaNkñúgGPiJ¦a . eRBaHehtu

enaH bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþI kñúgBaküza GZidðanedayjaNenaH

y¨agdUecñHza ²RBHeyaKI nwkcgo:neRcInrUb bnÞabGMBIenaH cUl

smabtþi kñúgTIbMputénbrikmμcitþTaMgenaH ecjGMBIsmabtþiehIy

nwkmþgeT[tza ²sUmoGatμaGjmanrUbeRcIn³ dUecñHehIy GZidðan

edayGPiJ¦ajaN EtmYybu¨eNÑaH ekIteLIgehIy kñúglMdab

1- suÇ xuÇ KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 269 .

visuTÆimK< ERb 365

edIm|IPaBénkarsÞatkñúgb\TÆi edIm|IesckþIekø{vkøakñúgb\TÆi ‘1’³ dUecñH . esckþIenH TukCaseRmcehIy edaybTza ²ÉvM smaZiet cietþ³ dUecñHCaedIm k*BitEmnehIy . EtebITukCadUecñaH elak:n

eBalehIy mþgeT[t edIm|IsMEdgnUvPaBénQanTaMgLay man

bfmCÄanCaedIm CaPUmi Ca:T CabT nig CamUlénb\TÆi . cMENk

n&yxagedIm Can&ymkehIy kñúgRBHsURtTaMgLay . n&yenH

mkehIy kñúgbdismÖiTa . elakeBaln&yenH mþgeT[t edIm|IkMuo

P&nþRcLM kñúgsURtTaMgBIr dUecñHk*:n .

‘GZidðanedayjaN’ ‘239’ ÉBaküza ²jaeNn GZidðhenþa³ esckþIza k*ÉRBH

eyaKIenHenaH luHjúaMgZm(TaMgLayenH EdlCaPUmi Ca:T CabT

nig CamUl énb\TÆi osMercehIy k*cUlQanmanGPiJ¦aCaTItaMg

ecjehIy zaebIR:zñamnusS 100 nak eZVIbrikmμ za ²GatμaGj

cUrCamnusS 100 nakç GatμaGj cUrCamnusS 100 nak³ dUecñH

ehIy cUlQanmanGPiJ¦aCaTItaMgmþgeT[t ecjehIyGZidðan .

RBmTaMgcitþGZidðanhñwgÉg Pikú¡enaH nwgekItCamnusS 100 nak .

n&ysUm|IkñúgmnusS 1ç000 nakCaedIm k*n&yenHEdr . RbsinebI

‘eZVI’ yagenH min:nsMerc RBHeyaKI RtUveZVIbrikmμmþgeT[tehIy

júaMgQanosMerc Gsvar; 2 dg ecjehIy GZidðank*:n .

eRBaHkñúgGdðkzasMyutþnikay elakeBalehIyza ²RBHeyaKIcUl

‘Qan’ Gsvar;mYydg Gsvar;BIrdg k*KYr³ dUecñH . kñúgkar

1- suÇ xuÇ KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 266 .

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368 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

ehIyTUlza ²bBiRtRBHezr;d*cMerIn kñúgézáEsÁk sUmelakm©as´

naMykPikú¡500 Gg< mYyGenøIedayRBHmanRBHPaK TTYlcgØan kñúg

pÞHeyIgxM\ú³ . ÉRBHezr; :nTTYlnimnþehIy edayBaküza ²Gat μa

TTYlnimnþsMrabPikú¡d*ess:n elIkElgEtRBHculøbnæk³ . RBH

culøbnæk QrERskyMEk|rexøagTVarç RBHmanRBHPaK TtRBHenRt

eXIjedayTiBVckú¡ehIy RTgyagcUleTArkRBHculøbnæk Rtasza

²eRBaHehtuGVI:nCaGñkyM/³ . elak:nRkabTUler]genaHehIy.

RBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtasza ²Pikú¡GñkminGac edIm|IeZVIkarsVaZüay

mineQμaHza CaGñkGPBV kñúgsasna éntzaKteTç EnPikú¡ cUrGñk

kMuesayesakeLIy³ ehIyRTgcabRBHculøbnækenaH RtgedIméd

ehIyyagcUleTAkanvihar RTgnimμit nUvcMENkénkMNatsMBt´

edayb\TÆi ehIyRTgENnaMza ²h¾Pikú¡ GñkkalQøInUvkMNatsMBt

enH cUreZVInUvkarsVaZüay o:njy> za ²kMNatsMBtCaeRK]g

naMmknUvZUlI>³ . kalRBHculøbnækenaH eZVIy¨agdUecñaHç kMNat

sMBtenaH :nkøayeTACamanBN(ex μAehIy . RBHculøbnæenaH:n

cMeBaHnUvesckþIsMKalza ²sMBt brisuTÆlÁç eTas kñúgsMBtenH

minmaneTç EtenHCaeTasrbs´ragkay³ dUecñHehIy cuHkan´jaN

kñúgxnÆ 5 cMerInvibsSnaehIy k*:njúaMgjaNodlnUvTICit én

eKaRtPUjaN edayGnuelamjaN . RKaenaH RBHmanRBHPaK

RTgRtas´nUvOPasKaza dlRBHculøbnæk za ;

raK; tzaKtoeQμaHza ZUlIç EtlMGg tzaKtmin ehAza ZUlIeTç Baküza lMGgenaH CaeQ μaHénraK;

visuTÆimK< ERb 367

éncitþEdlCabuBVPaK bI ß bYn EdlRbRBwtþeTA bnÞabGMBIGavC¢n-

citþenaH Edl:neQμaHza GZidðan‘jaN’ edayGMNacénkar

júaMgcitþosMerc³ dUecñH. cMENkBaküNaEdlelakeBalehIy

za dUcCaRBHculøbnæk d*manGayuç BaküenaH elakeBalehIy

edIm|IsMEdgnUvkayCabnÞal énPaBmancMENkeRcIn . bu¨EnþBakü

enaH bNÐitKb|IsMEdgedayer]g .

‘er]gRBHculøbnæk’ ‘240’ :n»mkza bgbÚÁnBIrnakenaH :neQμaHza bnæk;

eRBaHPav;énxøÜnCaGñkekItehIykñúgpøÚv . bNþabgbÚÁnTaMgBIrnak´

enaH bgeQμaHza mhabnæk; . elakbYsehIy k*:nsMercnUv

RBHGrhtþ RBmTaMgbdismÖiTaTaMgLay luH:nCaRBHGrhnþehIy

k*:nbMbYsculøbnæk; :nonUvKazaenH za ;

RBHculøbnækenaH minGacedIm|IeZVIKazaenaHosÞat:n eday

4 Ex . RKaenaH RBHezr; :nbeNþjRBHculøbnækenaH ecjBIvtþ

edayBaküza ²GñkCabuK<lGPBV kñúgsasna³ . k*kñúgkalenaH

RBHezr; CaPtþúeTÞsk¾ . eBTüeQμaH CIvk; cUleTAKalRBHezr;

cUrGñkemIlnUvRBHGg<Irs EdlkMBugEtruger]g dUcCap,a QUk EdlmankøinRkGUb CaTIrIkrayénstVknøg´ man køinmineTAR:sehIy kñúgeBlRBwky¨agdUecñaHç cUrGñk emIlnUvRBHGg<Irs EdlPøWsVag eRb[bdUcCaRBHGaTitü EdlkMBugEtruger]g BÆd*Gakas dUecñaH .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 369

buK<lTaMgLayNalHbg´nUvZUlIKWraK;enaH:nehIybuK<lTaMgLayenaH CabNÐit manenA kñúgsasna rbs´tzaKt EdlmanZUlIeTAR:sehIy . eTas; tzaKtoeQ μaHza ZUlIç EtlMGgtzaKt minehAza ZUlIeTç BaküzaZUlIenaHCaeQμaHéneTas;ç buK<lTaMgLayNalHbg´ZUlIKWeTas;enaH:nehIy buK<lTaMgLayenaH CabNÐit manenA kñúgsasna rbs´tzaKt EdlmanZUlIeTAR:sehIy . emah; tzaKtoeQ μaHza ZUlIç EtlMGgtzaKt minehAza ZUlIeTç BaküzaZUlIenaHCaeQμaHénemah;ç buK<lTaMgLayNalHbg´ZUlIKWemah;enaH:nehIy buK<lTaMgLayenaH CabNÐit manenA kñúgsasna rbs´tzaKt EdlmanZUlIeTAR:sehIy .

‘241’ kñúgkalCaTIbMputénRBHKaza elakutþrZm( 9 Edl

manbdismÖiTa 4 nig GPiJ¦a 6 Cabrivar :ntaMgenAehIy kñúgéd

rbs´RBHculøbnækenaHEmnBit . kñúgézáTIBIr RBHsasþa RBmTaMg

Pikú¡sg¹ RTg´:nesþcyageTAkan´pÞHeBTüeQμaHCIvk; . RKaenaH

kñúgeBlCaTIbMputénTwkCaeRK]gcMerIn kalebIRKUeBTü eQμaHCIvk

RbeKnyaKUç RBHsasþaRTgbiT:Rt edayRBHhtþ . RKUeBTüCIvk

TUlsYrza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn etIy¨agdUcemþc/³ . RBHGg<RTg´

Rtas´za ²kñúgvtþ manPikú¡mYyrUb³ . eBTüCIvkenaH bJ¢ÚnnUvburs

eTAedayBaküza ²cUrGñkeTAnimnþykelakm©as mko:nqab³ .

370 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

k*kalRBHd*manRBHPaK esþcyagecjGMBIvtþ

RBHbnæk :nnimitþ nUvGtþPaB Gs´var; KMrb´mYy Ban´ Kg´enAkñúgvtþGm¬v&n CaTIKYrrIkray drabdl´ eBlRbkasPtþkal .

lMdabenaH bursenaH eTAehIy eXIjnUvGaramEdlmanBnøW

EtmYy edaysMBtkasav;TaMgLaymkehIyRkabTUlza ²bBiRt

RBHGg<d*cMerIn GarameBjehIy edayPikú¡TaMgLayç x\úMRBHGg< min

dwgza; elakm©asenaH etIGg<NaeT³ . lMdabenaH RBHmanRBH

PaK RTgRtasnwgbursenaHza ²GñkcUreTA GñkeXIjnUvPikú¡Gg<Na

muneK cUrcabnUvPikú¡Gg<enaH RtgCaycIBr ehIyeBalza; RBH

sasþa RTgRtas´ehAelak dUecñHehIy naMmk³ . bursenaH eTA

ehIy :ncab´RtgCaycIBr rbsRBHezr;Etmþg . xN;enaHÉg

Pikú¡EdlelaknimiμtTaMgGs k*:tGsehIy . RBHezr; bJ¢Ún

bursenaHeTAvijehIy edayBaküza ²cUrGñkeTAcuH³ ehIysMerc

srIrkic©mankarlagmuxCaedImeRscehIy k*nimnþeTAmun ehIyKg

elIGasn; EdlbuK<lRkalehIy .

Baküza ²dUcRBHculøbnæk d*manGayu³ elakeBalehIy

sMedAyker]gb\TÆienH edayRbkardUecñH .

Pikú¡TaMgLayenaHÉNa EdlGñkmanb\TÞi nimμitehIy kñúger]g

EdleBalmkenaHç Pikú¡TaMgenaH k*dUcKñaebHbiTnwgPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi

nu@HÉg eRBaHelaknimiμitehIyminkMNt . Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆiTaMgLay

eZVInUvkic©Na> kñúg«riyabzTaMgLay manQr nigGg<úyCaedImkþI

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372 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

nUvkarsVaZüay nwgsYrnUvbJØa³ dUecñHkþI ehIyKit edayesckþI

R:zñatic za ²viharenH manPikú¡ticç ebIbuK<lBYkxøH nwgmk nwg

nwkza; Pikú¡TaMgLayenH mancMnYnbu¨eNÑH EtR:kdesμIedayPikú¡

mYyrUb nwgmanmkBINaç enHCaGanuPaBénRBHezr;edayBit dUecñH

ehIy nwgdwgnUvGatμaGj³ dUecñHkþI ehIyR:zñaza ²GatμaGj Ca

buK<lmñak kñúgcenøaHEmnBit³ dUecñH Kb|IcUlQan EdlCaTItaMg

ecjehIy eZVInUvbrikmμza ²sUmoGatμaGjmanrUbEtmYy³ dUecñH

ehIy cUlQanmþgeT[t ecjehIyKb|IGZidðanza ²sUm|IoGatμa

GjmanrUbEtmYy³ . Pikú¡enaHk*manrUbEtmYy CamYyKñanwgGZidðan

citþhñwgÉg . EtPikú¡enaH kalmineZVIy¨agenH xøÜnÉg k*CabuK<lEt

mñakEmnBit edayGMNacénkalEdlxøÜnkMNtehIyyagNa .

‘GaviPav:diharü tieraPav:diharü’ ‘242’ kñúgBaküza ²GaviPavM tieraPavM³ enH Kb|IRCabesckþI

enHza ²Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi eZVIomanPaBkñúgTIRsLH eZVIomanPaBkñúg

TIxageRkA³ . EmnBit RBHsarIbuRt sMedAykkareZVInUvGaviPav;

nig tieraPav;enHÉg eTIbeBalkñúgbdismÖiTa za ²bTza GaviPavM esckþIza ‘eZVIo’ CaTIEdlvtæúGVImYyminraMg minbiT:Mg CaTIval

CaTIc|aslas . bTza tieraPavM esckþIza ‘eZVIo’CaTIEdlman

vtæúGVImYyraMg :Mg biT RKbehIy ‘1’ ³ dUecñH . ‘GaviPav:diharü’

kñúg:diharüBIrenaH Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienH manbMNgcgeZVI nUv

1- suÇ xuÇ KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 270 .

visuTÆimK< ERb 371

kñúgGakar;TaMgLay mankarniyaysþI nig PaBenAesá{mCaedImkþI

Pikú¡EdlelaknimiμtehIy k*eZVInUvkiriyaenaH> dUcKña . RbsinNa

ebI Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi R:zñacgeZVIPikú¡EdlelaknimiμtehIyTaMgLay

omansm|úrepSg> Kñaç BYkxøH fitenAkñúgbfmv&yç BYkxøH fitenA

kñúgmCÄimv&yç BYkxøHfitenAkñúgbcäimv&yç müageT[t Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi

R:zñacgeZVIPikú¡EdlelaknimiμtehIyTaMgLay omanskEvg o

mank|alRtegalmYycMeh[g omansks,Úvr:y omancIBr

manBN(RkhmBakkNþal omancIBrBN(el]g kMBugeZVIkic©kar

epSg> Kña mansUZünUvbT GZib|ayZm( sUZüedaysMeLg sYr

nUvbJØa edaHRsaynUvbJØa nig Gb:Rt edrcIBr RClkcIBr Ca

edIm ßza CaGñkR:zñacgeZVIPikú¡EdlelaknimμitehIyTaMgLaydéT

eT[t omanRbkarepSg>ç Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH ecjcakQanEdl

CaTItaMgehIy Kb|IeZVIbrikmμ edayn&yza ²Pikú¡manRbmaNbu¨eNÑH

cUrCaGñkbfmv&y³ dUecñHCaedIm cUlsmabtþimþgeT[t ecjehIy

eTIbGZidðan . Pikú¡EdlelaknimiμtehIyTaMgLayenaH k*nwg:n

dUcCaelakGñkmanb\TÆiR:zñaehIyRKbRbkar CamYynwgGZidðancitþ

y¨agenaHÉg . n&y kñúgbTTaMgLaymanbTza ²sUm|ImanrUbeRcIn

k*rYmmkEtrUbmYyvij:n³ dUecñHCaedIm k*n&yenHEdr . k*bu¨Enþn&y

viess mandUcteTAenH .

‘ÉkPav:diharü’ Pikú¡enH luHnimμit oeTACamnusSeRcInnak yagenHehIy Kit

za ²sUmoGatμaGj manrUbEtmYyvij mþgeT[t nwgc®g,m nwgeZVI

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visuTÆimK< ERb 373

GaviPav:diharü eZVInUvTIggwtomanBnøWkþI eZVInUvTIkM:MgoCaTIval

kþI eZVInUvTIminmanrgVg oCaTImanrgVgkþI . etIeZVIy¨agdUcemþc / .

EmnBit Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienH R:zñaedIm|InwgeZVInUvxøÜn ß nUvbuK<ldéT

edayRbkarEdlxøÜn ß buK<ldéT sUm|IRtUvbiT:MgehIykþI sUm|I

fitenAehIy kñúgTIqáaykþI k*emIleXIj:nEdr ecjBIQanEdl

CaTItaMgehIy BicarNa eZVIbrikmμ za ²TIggwtenH cUrkøayeTACa

TImanBnøW³ dUecñHpg za ²TIkM:MgenH cUrkøayeTACaTIval³ dUecñHpg

za ²TIminmanvgVgenH cUrkøayeTACaTImanrgVg³ dUecñHpg ehIy

eTIbGZidðan tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIyhñwgÉg . RBmCamYy

nwgGZidðancitþ karGZidðan k*:nsMerc dUcEdlelak:nGZidðan

ehIyEtmþg . CnTaMgLayGñkdéT sUm|IfitenAehIy kñúgTIqáay

k*emIleXIj:n . sUm|IxøÜnÉg R:zñacgeXIj k*eXIj:nEdr .

sYrza ² cuH:diharüenH GñkNaZøabeZVIehIy/ ³ . eqøIyza

²RBHmanRBHPaK ZøabeZVIehIy³ . EmnBit RBHd*manRBHPaK RtUv

nagculøsuPTÞa TUlnimnþehIy kalesþcyageTAkan´Rkugsaekt

Gsry;pøÚv 7 eyaCn¾ GMBITIRkugsavtæI edaypÞHkMBUl500 Edl

visSkm μeTvbuRtnimíμtzVay RTgGZidðanehIy dUcEdlBYkCnGñkenA

kñúgRkugsaekt emIleXIj nUvBYkCnGñkenAkñúgRkugsavtæI:n nig

dUcEdlBYkCnGñkenAkñúgRkugsavtæI emIleXIj nUvBYkCnGñkenA

kñuúgRkugsaekt:n yagenaHÉg . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´yagcuH

RtgkNþalnKrEtmþg ehIyRTgsMEdg TMlaynUvEpndI CaBIr

cMENk rhUtTlGvicInrk nig RTgEvkbgØaj nUvGakas CaBIr

374 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

cMENk rhUtdlRBhμelak . k*esckþIenH bNÐitKb|IsMEdgo

Cakc|as´ edaykalCaTIyagcuHcakeTvelak .

:n»mkza RBHd*manRBHPaK RTgeZVInUvymk:diharüehIy

RTgedaHnUvBYkstVcMnYn 84ç000 ecjBIcMNgehIy RTgrMBwgza

²kñúgkalCaTIbMputénymk:diharü GtItBuTÆTaMgLay RTgesþc

yageTAkñúgTINa³ dUecñHehIy RTg:nTteXIjza ²GtItBuTÆTaMg

Ly RTgesþcyageTAkan´tavtigSBiPB³ . RKaenaH semþcRBHd*

manRBHPaK RTgCan´épÞEpndI edayRBH:Tm¡ag RBH:TTIBIr RTg´

RbtisðanelIPñMyuKnÆr RTgelIkRBH:TmunmþgeT[t ehIIyRTgCan´

kMBUlPñMsienru RTgyagcUleTAcaMRBHvsSa elIépÞénzμmNÐúkm¬l

kñúgPBtavtigSenaH RTgR:rBÆsMEdgGPiZmμkza dlBYkeTvtamYy

EsncRkvaL EdlmkRbCMuKñaehIy cabepþImGMBIedIm ehIyRTg

nimμitnUvBuTÆnimμit . BuTÆnimμitenaH sMEdgRBHZm( ‘CMnYsRBHGg<’ .

RBHmanRBHPaK RTgesayeQIsÞn´Cavikar;énvløimøÚéRB RTgRsb

RBHP®kþ kñúgGenattþRsH RTgTTYlnUvbiNÐ:t kñúgBYkCnGñkenA

kñúgótþrkuruTVIb RTgesaycgØan´ enAEk|reqñrGenattþRsH . RBH

sarIbutetær nimnþeTAzVaybgM<RBHmanRBHPaK kñúgTIenaH . RBHman

RBHPaK RTgRbTannUvn&y dlRBHezr; za ²enAkñúgézáenH tzaKt

sMEdgnUvRBHZm( manRbmaNbu¨eNÑHehIy³ . RBHd*manRBHPaK

RTgsMEdg nUvGPiZmμkza mindacry; rhUt 3 Ex yagenHÉg .

BYkeTvta 80 ekadi :nRtas´dwgZm( eRBaHsþabGPiZmμkzaenaH .

cMENkBYkbris&T RbmaN 12 eyaCn¾ EdlmkRbCMuKñaehIy kñúg

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376 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

zVaybgM<nUvRBHTsBlehIy cuHmktampøÚvEdlelaknimnþmkhñwg

Ég :ndlsMNak énmnusSTaMgLayehIy . kñúgkalCaTIeTA

nig kalCaTImkenaHÉg RBHezr; :nGZidðanolμmEtmnusSTaMg

LayeXIjnUvelak:n . RBHmhaemaK<løanetær :neZVI:diharü

EdlmanPaBR:kdenH kñúgTIenHmun . RBHezr;enaH nimnþmkehIy

y¨agenH :nR:bnUvdMNwgenaH ehIyeBalza ²GñkTaMgLaykMueZVI

esckþIsMKalza qáayGVI luHTTYlTan:yRBwkrYcehIy cUrecj

eTA³ dUecñH .

RBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtas´R:besþceTvta RBHnamsk,; za

²bBiRtmharaC kñúgézáEsÁk tzaKt nwgeTAkan´mnusSelak³ .

esþceTvta Rtas´bg<abvisSkmμeTvbuRtza ²En: kñúgézáEsÁk RBH

d*manRBHPaK esþcR:zñayageTAkanmnusSelak cUrGñknimμit nUv

reb[bénCeNþIrTaMgLay 3 KW; CeNþIrmYyCamas CeNþIrmYy

CaR:k CeNþIrmYyCaEkvmNI³ . visSkmμeTvbuRtenaH :neZVI

tamRBHtRmasehIy .

kñúgézáTIBIr RBHmanRBHPaK RTgKgenAelIkMBUlPñMsienru RTg´

TtRBHenRtemIlnUvelakZatu kñúgTisxagekIt . EsnéncRkvaL

TaMgLay minEtmYy CaTIRsLH R:kdehIy hakbIdUcCaTIlan

EtmYy . k*RBHmanRBHPaK RTgTtRBHenRteXIjnUvTIRsLHTaMg

Gs edayTisxagekIt yagNamijç sUm|IedayTisxaglic

TisxageCIg Tisxagt|Úg k*RTgTtRBHenRteXIjnUvTIRsLH TaMg

Gsy¨agdUecñaHEdr . sUm|ITisxageRkam k*RTgTtRBHenRteXIj

visuTÆimK< ERb 375

ézásMEdgymkb|adiharü :nKitKña za ²BYkeyIg nwgCYbnUvRBH

manRBHPaK CamunsinehIyswmeTA³ dUecñHehIy k*:ne:HCMMrM

fitenAehIy . ÉculøGnazbiNÐikesdðIvij :nbMerIBYkCnenaH

edaybc©&yRKbEbbyag .

mnusSTaMgLay :nGgVrnUvRBHGnuruTÆetær edIm|Io:ndwgza

²RBHmanRBHPaK RTgKgenAkñúgTINa³ . RBHezr; cMerInGaelak-

ksiN :neXIjRBHmanRBHPaKEdlcUleTAKgcaMRBHvsSa kñúg

PBtavtigSenaH edayTiBVckú¡ luHeXIjehIy k*:nR:behIy .

BYkmnusSTaMgenaH GgVrRBHmhaemaK<løanetær edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´

karzVaybgM< cMeBaHRBHmanRBHPaK . RBHezr; muCERCkmhaRbwfBI

RtgkNþalénbris&ThwñgÉg ERCknUvPñMsienru RkabzVaybgM< nUv

RBH:TTaMgLayénRBHmanRBHPaK ehIyegIb eT[b:TmUlénRBH

tzaKt ehIyRkabTUlBaküenH nwgRBHmanRBHPaKza ²bBiRtRBH

Gg<d*cMerIn BYkCnGñkenAkñúgCm¬ÚTVIb zVaybgM<RBH:Ta énRBHmanRBH

PaK niyayKñaza BYkeyIgxúM\ :neXIjehIyBit k*nwgeTAvij³

dUecñH . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za ²mñalemaK<løan «LÚvenH

etIRBHZmμesnabtI bgRbusrbsGñk enAkñúgTINa /³ . RBHmha

emaK<løanRkabTUlza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn enAkñúgsg,sSnKr³ .

RBHGg<RTgRtas´za ²mñalemaK<løan CnTaMgLayNa cgeXIj

tzaKt CnTaMgenaH cUrmkkan´sg,sSnKr kñúgézáEsÁkç tzaKt

nwgcuHkñúgsg,sSnKr kñúgézáEsÁk kñúgézáCaTIeBjénmhabvarNa

nig ézáóe:sz ³ . RBHezr; RkabTUlza ²RbéBehIy RBHGg<³

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រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 377

rhUtdlGvIcInrk TisxagelI rhUtdlGknidðPBn¾ . :n»za

ézáenaH :neQμaHza CaézáebIkelak . ÉmnusSTaMgLay eXIj

nUveTvtaTaMgLayç ÉeTvtaTaMgLay k*eXIjnUvBYkmnusSEdr .

kñúgkareXIjKñaenaH mnusSTaMgLay min:cegIyemIlmk xag

elIeT eTvtaTaMgLay k*min:cOnemIlmkxageRkamEdr TaMg

GsKña emIleXIjKñaeTAvijeTAmk cMeBaHmuxEtmþg .

RBHmanRBHPaK RTgyagcuH tamCeNþIr Cavikar;énEkvmNI

RtgkNþalç BYkeTvtaCan´kamavcrsYK(TaMg 6 cuHtamCeNþIr Ca

vikar;énmas RtgxageqVgç suTÆavasRBhμTaMgLay nig mha

RBhμTaMgLay cuHtamCeNþIr Cavikar;énR:k RtgEpñkxagsþaM .

esþceTvta :nkanyknUv:Rt nigcIBr . mhaRBhμ:nkan´yk

nUvesVtcäRt RbmaNbIeyaCn¾ . suyameTvbuRt :nkanyknUv

pøitEdleZVIGMBIeramstV . bJ©six; buRtKnÆB :nkanykBiN

manBN(el]g dUcCaEpøeBñATMu RbEvg 3 Kavut eZVInUvkarbUCa cMeBaH

RBHtzaKt cuHmk . eQμaHza stVEdleXIj nUvRBHmanRBHPaK

ehIy minjúaMgesckþIR:zñaoekIteLIg edIm|IPaBCaRBHBuTÆ min

maneLIy . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´:neZVInUv:diharü omanPav;

kñúgTIRsLHenHehIy kñúgmhaRbCMuenaH .

müageT[t RBHZmμTinñetær GñkenAkñúgRsukeQμaHtLg<r kñúg

tm¬bNÑiTVIb KgkñúgRBHlanénectiy kñúgtisSmhavihar sMEdg

nUvGbNÑksURt za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡GñkRbkbehIy eday

Zm(bIy¨ag eQμaHza CaGñkRbtibtþinUvesckþIRbtibtþiminxus³ dUecñH

378 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

CaedIm :neZVInUvpøit omanmuxcuHeRkamehIy . TIenaH CaTIlan

EtmYy rhUtdlGvicInrk . bnÞabenaH RBHezr; :neZVInUvpøit o

manmuxeLIgelIehIy . TIenaH :nCaTIlanEtmYy rhUtdleTA

RBhμelak . RBHezr; sMEdgnUvZm( KMram edayP&ykñúgnrkpg

lYgelam edayesckþIsuxkñúgfansYK(pg . GñksþabBYkxøH :n

CaRBHesatabnñbuK<l BYkxøH :nCaRBHskTaKamI BYkxøH :nCa

RBHGnaKamI BYkxøH :nCaRBHGrhnþ edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘tieraPav:diharü’ cMENkPikú¡GñkR:zñaedIm|IeZVInUv:diharüomanPaBCaxageRkA

rEmgeZVInUvTIvalRsLH oCaTIggwtxøH eZVInUvvtæúEdlminkM:Mg o

CavtæúEdlkM:MgxøH eZVInUvvtæúEdlmankñúgrgVg oCavtæúEdlminman

kñúgrgVgxøH . eZVIedayRbkardUcemþc/ . k*Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienH man

bMNgedIm|IeZVInUvxøÜn ß GñkdéT edayRbkarEdlxøÜn nig GñkdéT

minmanGVIbiT:MgkþI fitenAkñúgTICitkþI k*emIlmineXIjEdr ecjcak

QanEdlCaTItaMgehIy k*nwkrMBwg eZVIbrikmμza ²TImanBnøWenH cUr

eTACaTIggwt³ dUecñHkþI za ²TIEdlminbiT:MgenH cUreTACaTIbiT:Mg³

dUecñHkþI za ²TIEdlmankñúgrgVgenH cUreTACaTIminmankñúgrgVg³ dUecñH

kþI ehIyGZidðan tamn&yEdleBalmkehIynu@HÉg . RBmCamYy

nwgGZidðancitþ karGZidðank*:nsMerc dUcEdlelakGZidðanehIy

hñwgÉg . BYkCndéT sUm|IQrenAkñúgTICit k*emIlmineXIjEdr .

cMENkxøÜnÉg minmanbMNgedIm|IeXIj k*emIlmineXIj .

sYrza ²cuHtieraPav:diharüenaH etInrNa ZøabeZVIehIy/³ .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 379

eqøIyza ²RBHmanRBHPaK³ . EmnBit RBHmanRBHPaK RTg:neZVI

nUvyskulbuRt EdlKgkñúgTICitenaHÉg edayRbkarEdlbita

rbs´elak emIlelakmineXIj . dUcKñaenaHEdr RBHmanRBHPaK

RTgeZVI nUvkarTTYlRBHmhakbinraC Gsry;pøÚv 120 eyaCn¾

ehIyjúaMgRBHGg<otaMgenAs)b kñúgGnaKamiplpg júaMgGamatü

mYyBannak rbsRBHGg< otaMgenAs)b kñúgesatabtþiplpg

ehIyRTgeZVIoRBHnagGenaCaeTvIRBmTaMgRsIþCabrivar 1ç000 nak´

Edlyagmk tamlMdabpøÚv rbsRBHmhakbinraCenaH sUm|Imk

dlehIy Gg<úyenAkñuúgTICit TtemIlmineXIj nUvRBHraCa RBm

TaMgbris&Tç kalebIRBHnageTvITUlza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn etI

RBHGg<TteXIjRBHraCaEdrßeT/³ RTgRtas´za ²etIRBHnagEsVg

rkRBHraCaRbesIrCag ßk* EsVgrkxøÜnRbesIrCag/³ kalRBHnag

TUlza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn EsVgrkxøÜnRbesIrCag³ dUecñHehIy

RTgKgç eTIbRTgsMEdgRBHZm( edayRbkarEdl ‘cbZm(eTsna

ehIy’ RBHnageTvIRBmTaMg®sþI 1ç000 nak taMgenAs)behIy

kñúgesatabtþipl GamatüTaMgLay taMgenAs)b kñúgGnaKamipl

RBHraCa taMgenAs)b kñúgRBHGrhtþ . n&ymYyeT[t sUm|IRBH

mhinÞetær kaleZVIolμmEtRBHraCa TtmineXIjnUvCnd*essTaMg

Lay EdlmkCamYynwgRBHGg< kñúgézáEdlmkdltm¬bNÑTVIb

ehIy k*eQμaHza :neZVItieraPav:dihariy¾enH dUcKañEdr .

müagvijeT[t :dihariy¾ EdlR:kdTaMgGs´ eQμaHza

GaviPav:dihariy¾ ‘:dihariy¾kñúgTIval’ . :dihariy¾ Edlmin

380 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

R:kd eQμaHza tieraPav:dihariy¾ ‘:dihariy¾kñúgTIxageRkA’ .

kñúgcMeNam:dihariy¾TaMg 2 enaH b\TÆipg buK<lGñkmanb\TÆipg

rEmgR:kdEmnBit kñúg:kdb|adihariy¾ . :kdb|adihariy¾enaH

Kb|IsMEdg edayymkb|adihariy¾ . EmnBit kñúgymkb|adi-

hariy¾enaH RBHtzaKt RTgeZVInUvymkb|adihariy¾ kñúgTIenH min

TYeTA edaysav&kTaMgLayeT . :dihariy¾TaMg 2 R:kdehIy

y¨agenHKW; KMnrePøIg RbRBwtþeTAGMBIRBHkayxagelI T-Twk RbRBwtþ

eTA GMBIRBHkayxageRkam .

b\TÆiEtmüag rEmgR:kd kñuúgG:kdb|adihariy¾ç buK<lGñk

manb\TÆi minR:kdeT . G:kdb|adihariy¾enaH Kb|IsMEdg eday

mhaksURt nig RBhμnimnþniksURt . EmnBit kñúg:dihariy¾Edl

eBalkñúgsURtTaMgBIrenaH b\TÆiEtmüag rbsRBHmhak;d*manGayu

nig rbsRBHmanRBHPaK rEmgR:kdç buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi rEmgmin

R:kdeT . smdUcCaelakeBalza ²luHcitþKhbtI Gg<úykñúg

TId*smKYrehIy k*eBaleTAnwgRBHmhak; d*manGayu dUecñHza

bBiRtelakd*cMerIn sUmRBHmhak;Cam©as sMEdgnUv«TÞi:diharü

CaZm(rbs´mnusSd*elIslub dlx\úMkruNaoTan . RBHmhak;

eBalza mñalKhbtI ebIdUecñaH cUrGñkRkalsMBtótþrasg< RKb

elI:cesμA BÆd*reb[g . citþKhbtI TTYlBakürbsRBHmhak;

d*manGayuza RBHkruNa elakm©as´ ehIyk*RkalsMBtótþrasg<

RKbelI:cesμA BÆd*reb[g . lMdabenaH RBHmhak;d*manGayu

cUleTAkanvihar cakKnøwHTVarehIy k*takEtgnUv«TÆaPisg¡ar man

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visuTÆimK< ERb 381

sPaBdUecñaH bNþalomanGNþatePøIg ecjeTAtamRbehagkUn

esapg tamcenøaHTVarpg eqHnUvesμATaMgLay EtmineqHnUvótþra-

sg<eLIy ‘1’ ³ . sURtmYyeT[tza RBHd*manRBHPaK RTgRtasza ²mñalPikú¡

TaMgLay RKaenaHÉg tzaKtnimμitþnUv«TÆaPisg¡armansPaBdUecñaH

za RBhμ nig RBhμbris&T RBmTaMgRBhμ:risC¢a o»EtsMeLg

rbs´tzaKtbu¨eNÑaH Etmin:neXIjnUvtzaKteLIy³ dUecñHehIy

RTg:tRBHGg<eTAehIy RTg:nRtasnUvRBHKazaenH za ;

tzaKteXIjP&ykñúgPBpg eXIjnUvBYkstVEdlkMBug EsVgrknUvPBpg ehIymin:neBalsresIr KWmin EsVgrkPBNamYy TaMgminRbkan´ nUvesckþIeRtkGr ‘kñúgPB’ eLIy ‘2’ ³ .

‘edIrTMluHvtæúbiT:MgmanCJ¢aMgCaedIm:n’ ‘243’ bNÐit Kb|IRCabesckþIvinicä&y kñúg:diharüenH za

²buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi edIr ‘TMluH’ eTAkan´TIeRkACJ¢aMg TIeRkAkMEBg

TIeRkAPñM mineTIsTak dUceKedIrkñúgGakas³ dUcteTAenH .

bTza ²tierakuDÐM³ ERbza xageRkACJ¢aMg . GZib|ayza

cMENkxageRkAénCJ¢aMg . kñúgbTTaMgLayÉeT[tk*n&yenHEdr .

ÉBaküza ²CJ¢aMg³ enH KWCaeQμaHénCJ¢aMgpÞH . bTza ²kMEBg³ KWkMEBgCuMvijénTITaMgLaymanpÞH vihar nigRsukCaedIm . bTza

²PñM³ :ndl PñMEdlsuTÆEtGacm¾dI ß PñMEdlsuTÆEtzμ . bTza

1- suÇ sMÇ KaKTI36 TMB&rTI 193 . 2-suÇ PaKTI22 TMB&rTI 373 .

382 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

²mineTIsTak´³ ERbza minCabCMBak . Baküza ²esyüzabi Gakaes³ ERbza dUcCaeTA BÆd*Gakas .

ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi R:zñacgeTAyagenH cUlGakask,siN

ecjehIy BicarNanwkeTACJ¢aMg ß kMEBg ßk* kñúgcMeNamPñM

sienru nig PñMcRkvaL PñMNamYyk*:n eZVIbrikmμehIy Kb|IGZidðan

za ²sUmoRbeTsn@uHeTACaGakas³ . TIenaH k*køayeTACaGakas

Pñam . kalebIGñkmanb\TÆi R:zñacgcuHeTAxageRkamkþI R:zñacg´

eLIgeTAxagelIkþI k*manRbehag ‘ebIko’ . sMrabGñkmanb\TÆi

R:zñacgTMluHehIyeTA EtgmanRbehag . Gñkmanb\TÆienaH eTA

kñúgRbehagenaH mineTIsTakeLIy .

cMENkRBHtibidkcULaPyetær eBalehIykñúgkareZVI:diharü

enHza ²mñalGavuesaTaMgLay karcUlGakask,siN manGVICa

RbeyaCn¾ ‘manGVICaGanisgS’ buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi R:zñaedIm|Inimμit

nUvrUbepSg> manrUbdMrI nig esHCaedIm k*cUlksiNmandMrI nig

esHCaedIm ERkgPav;CaGñksÞatCMnaj kñúgsmabtþi 8 eRBaHeZVI

nUvbrikmμ kñúgksiNNamYyenaHÉg CaRbmaNç GñksÞatCMnaj

kñúgsmabtþi 8 R:zñavtúæGVI> vtúæenaH> k*sMercÉgminEmneTß/ ³ .

Pikú¡TaMgLay eBalza ²bBiRtelakd*cMerIn Gakask,siNhñwg

Ég mkehIykñúg:lI eRBaHehtuenaH karcUlGakask,siNenaH

Kb|IeBaledayBit³ . enHCa:lI kñúgGakask,siNenaHza ;

²Pikú¡Gñk:nnUvsmabtþi manGakask,siNCaGarmμN¾ eday

RbRktI EtgnwkcgeTAkan´TIxageRkACJ¢aMg TIxageRkAkMEBg TIxag

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រារាម

384 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

karmuCcuHeTAkñúgEpndIk*:n³ enHdUcteTA . kareRkakeLIg elak

ehAza karegIbeLIg . karliccuH elakehAzakarmuCcuH . kar

egIbeLIgpg karmuCcuHpg eQμaHza karegIbeLIg nig karmuCcuH .

Pikú¡GñkR:zñaedIm|InwgeZVIy¨agenH cUlGae:ksiNehIyecj Kb|I

eZVIbrikmμkMNtza ²EpndI kñúgTImanRbmaNbu¨eNÑH cUreTACaTwkcuH³

ehIy Kb|IGZidðan tamn&yEdl:neBalehIyhñwgÉg . CamYy

nwgkarGZidðan dIkñúgTIEdlelakkMNtehIyyagNa k*:neTA

CaTwkvij . Pikú¡enaHeZVInUvkaregIbeLIgnigkarmuCcuHkñúgdIenaH:n .

:lI kñúgGae:ksiNenaHdUecñHza ²Pikú¡Edl:nnUvsmabtþi

manGae:ksiNCaGarmμN¾ edayRbRktI Etgnwkcgedk kñúgdI

luHnwkehIy k*GZidðan edayjaNza ²sUmo‘EpndIRtgenH’ eTA

CaTwk³ dUecñHç TIenaH k*:neTACaTwkç Pikú¡enaH k*eZVInUvkaregIbmuC

kñúgEpndI dUcBYkmnusSEdlminmanb\TÆi edayRbRktI eZVInUvkaregIb

muckñúgTwkç ÉPikú¡Edlmanb\TÆi dlehIynUvkarsÞatCMnaj kñúgcitþ

enaH EtgeZVInUvkaregIbmuC kñúgEpndI dUcCaeKegIbmuCkñúgTwk:n k*

y¨agenaHÉg³ .

mYyeT[t minEmnRKan´EtkaregIbeLIg nig muCcuH bu¨eNÑaHeTç

buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi R:zñanUvkic©Na> kñúgkic©TaMgLaymanTwksMrab

gUt sMrablubmux sMrabe:kKk nUvPNÐ;CaedIm k*eZVInUvkic©

enaH> :n . müageT[t minEmnRtwmEtTwkbu¨eNÑaHeT kalebIPikú¡

Gñkmanb\TÆi R:zñanUvvtæúNa> sUm|IkñúgvtæúTaMgLay manTwkedaHzøa

eRbg TwkXμMú nigs,rGMeBACaedIm k*nwkBicarNanUvvtæúenaH> ehIy

visuTÆimK< ERb 383

eRkAPñM luHnwkcgehIy k*GZidðanedayjaNza sUmoRbeTsnu@H

eTACaGakas³ dUecñHç TIenaH k*:neTACaGakasç Pikú¡enaH k*edIr

‘TMluH’ eTAkanTIxageRkACJ¢aMg TIxageRkAkMEBg TIxageRkAPñM min

eTIsTak dUcBYkmnusSEdlminmanb\TÆi edayRbRktI kaledIreTA

minCabCMBak kñúgTIEdlminmanvtæúGVImYy raMg biT:MgeLIyç ÉPikú¡

Edlmanb\TÆi dlehIy nUvkarsÞatCMnaj kñúgcitþenaH EtgedIr

‘TMluH’ eTAkanTIxageRkACJ¢aMg TIxageRkAkMEBg TIxageRkAPñM min

eTIsTak dUcCaeKedIreTA kñúgGakas y¨agenaHÉg ‘1’ ³ . sYrza ²RbsinebIPikú¡enaH GZidðanehIy kMBugEtedIreTAç PñMkþI

edImeQIkþI puseLIgkñúgcenøaHç Pikú¡Kb|IcUlehIy GZidðanmþgeT[t

ß/³ . eqøIyza ²minmaneTaseT³ . eRBaHza karcUlsmabtþi

ehIyGZidðanmþgeT[t CakarcUlRbEhlKñanwgkarTTYlnUvnisS&y

kñúgsMNakénRBHóbCÄay¾ . k*eRBaHPav;énPñMenaH Pikú¡enHGZidðan

ehIyza ²PñMcUreTACaGakas³ dUecñH PñMk*:neTACaGakashñwgÉg .

k*BaküEdlza ²PñM ß edImeQI déTeT[t EdlsMercGMBIrdUv nwg

duHeLIgkñúgcenøaH edaykMLaMgénkarGZidðan kñúgxagedIm rbsPikú¡

enaHÉg³ dUecñHenH minEmnCaehtuCaTItaMgeT . karnimμitdMbUgEdl

Gñkmanb\TÆiNamYynimμitehIy Canimμitd*mankMLaMg . karnimμitxag

eRkay Kb|IeTABÆd*xagelI ß xageRkam énTImanPñMCaedImenaH .

‘egIb nig muCkñúgEpndI:n’ bNÐit Kb|IRCabesckþI kñúg:diharüza ²karegIbeLIg nig

1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 270 .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 385

eZVIbrikmμza ²vtæúenHpg> cUreTACavtæúmanRbmaNbu¨eNÑHcuH³ dUecñH

ehIyGZidðanç vtæúenaH k*:ndUcEdlelakGZidðanehIyhñwgÉg .

kalPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi dkecjehIy eZVIoeTACaPaCn¾ç TwkedaHzøa k*

rEmgeTACaTwkedaHzøaEmnBitç vtæúTaMgLay maneRbgCaedIm rEmg

CavtæúmaneRbgCaedImEmnBitç Twk k*rEmgCaTwkEmnBit . kñúgTwk

enaH Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH R:zñacgTTwkenaHÉg eTIbTTwkç minR:zña

cgoTTwk k*minTTwkEdr . mYyeT[t EpndIenaH CaTwksMrabPikú¡

Gñkmanb\TÆiEtbu¨eNÑaH . CaEpndIsMrabCnd*essdEdl . kñúg

EpndIRtgenaH BYkmnusSsUm|ICaGñkezμIreCIg k*edIreTA:n EtgedIr

eTA edayvahn;TaMgLaymanyanCaedImk*:n EtgeZVInUvkmμTaMg

Lay manksikmμCaedImk*:nEmnBit . RbsinNaebI Gñkman

b\TÆienH R:zñaza ²‘dIRtgenaH’ cUrCaTwk sMrabmnusSTaMgLay

enaHpgcuH³ dUecñHç k*eTACaTwkEmnBit . cMENkÉ TIEdlelak

kMNtehIyd*ess elIkElgEtTwk kñúgTITaMgLay mankÁm nig

RtBaMgCaedImEdlmanenAtamRbRktI eRBaHknøgnUvkalEdlelak

kMNtehIy rEmgCadIdEdl .

‘edIrelITwkminEbkZøay:n’ ‘244’ kñúg:diharüenHza ²edIrelITwkminEbkZøay:n³ enH

manesckþIGZib|ayza ; buK<lCanlicehIynUvTwkNaç TwkenaH

elakehAza TwkEbk . TwkpÞúyGMBIenH eQμaHzaTwkminEbk . ebI

Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi R:zñaedIm|IedIreTAyagenH cUlbfvIksiN ecj

ehIyeZVInUvbrikmμkMNtza ²TwkkñúgTIRbmaNbu¨eNÑH cUreTACadIcuH³

386 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

dUecñHehIy Kb|IGZidðan tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIyhñwgÉg .

RBmCamYynwgkarGZidðan TwkkñúgTIEdlelakkMNtehIyyagNa

k*eTACadIEmnBit . Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH k*edIrelIdIenaH .

enHKWCa:lI kñúgkarGZidðanenaHza ²Pikú¡:nnUvsmabtþi man

bfvIksiNCaGarmμN¾ edayRbRktI EtgnwkcgedIrelITwk luHnwk

cgehIy k*GZidðan edayjaNza ²sUmo ‘TwkRtgTIenH’ eTACa

EpndI³ dUecñHç Twkk*eTACaEpndI Pikú¡enaHedIrelITwkminEbkZøay dUc

BYkmnusSminmanb\TÆi edayRbRktI edIrelIEpndIminEbkZøay yag

Naç ÉPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi dlehIynUvkarsÞatCMnajkñúgcitþenaH edIr

eTAelITwkminEbkZøay dUceKedIrelIEpndI yagenaHÉg ‘1’ ³ . minRtwmEtedIeTA:nbu¨eNÑaHeTç Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi R:zñacg:n

nUv«riyabzNa> k*eZVInUv«riybzenaH>:n . minRtwmEteZVITwko

eTACadI:nbu¨eNÑaHeTç sUm|IkñúgvtæúTaMgLay manEkvmNI mas PñM

nig edImeQICaedIm buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi R:zñavtæúNa> k*BicarNa

nUvvtæúenaH> ehIyGZidðan tamn&yEdl:neBalehIyhñwgÉg .

vtúæTaMgenaH k*sMercdUcEdlelakGZidðanEmnBit . k*TwkenaH eTA

CadI sMrabEtGñkmanb\TÆienaHbu¨eNÑaHeTç sMrabCnd*ess KgenA

CaTwkdEdl . RtIGeNþIk nig stVTaMgLaymanstVEdlekItkñúg

TwkCaedIm RtaceTAepSg> Kña tamesckþIKabcitþ . k*RbsinebI

buK<lGñkmanb\TÆienH R:zñaedIm|IeZVITwkenaHoeTACadI edIm|ImnusS

TaMgLaydéTeT[t k*eZVI:nEmnBit . k*edaykarknøgkalEdl

1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 272 .

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 387

elak:nkMNtehIy TwkenaH k*eTACaTwkvijdEdl .

‘eTATaMgEPñnkñúgGakas:n’ Baküza ²eTATaMgbløg,³ esckþIza eTATaMgEPñn:n . Bakü

za ²bkI¡ skueNa³ ERbzastVsøabEdlRbkbedaysøabTaMg2 .

k*Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆiR:zñaedIm|IeZVIyagenH cUlbfvIksiNecjehIy

zaebIxøÜnGg<úyehIy R:zñaedIm|IeTA k*Kb|IkMNt nUvTImanEPñnCa

RbmaN eZVIbrikmμ ehIyGZidðan tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIy

hñwgÉgç zaebIxøÜnedkehIy CaGñkR:zñaedIm|IeTA Kb|IkMNtTIman

ERKCaRbmaN zaebIxøÜnCaGñkR:zñaedIm|IeTAedayeCIg Kb|IkMNt´

TImanpøÚvCaRbmaN eZVInUvbrikmμ ehIyGZidðan tamn&yEdlelak

eBalehIyhñwgÉg eRBaHehtuenaH Kb|IkMNtTItamsmKYryag

enHehIy GZidðanza ²Gakas cUreTACaEpndI³ dUecñH tamn&yEdl

elakeBalehIyEmnBit . CamYynwgkarGZidðan Gakas rEmg

eTACadIvij . :lI kñúg:diharüenaH mandUcteTAenH ;

Baküza ²eTATaMgEPñnkñúgGakasdUcbkSIskuNCati³ esckþI

za Pikú¡GñkEdl:nnUvsmabtþi manbfvIksiNCaGarmμN¾ eday

RbRktI EtgnwkcgedIrkñúgGakas luHnwkcgehIy k*GZidðan eday

jaNza ²sUmoGakaseTACaEpndI³ dUecñH Gakask*eTACaEpndIç

Pikú¡enaH edIrkþI QrkþI Gg<úykIþ sigkþI kñúgGakasTeT:n dUcBYk

mnusSEdlminmanb\TÆi edayRbRktI edIrkþI QrkþI Gg<úykþI edkkþI

elIEpndI yagNaç ÉPikú¡Edlmanb\TÆi :ndlehIy nUvkarsÞat

CMnaj kñúgcitþenaH edIrkþI QrkþI Gg<úykþI sigkþI kñúgGakasTeT

388 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

dUcbkSIskuNCati yagenaHÉg ‘1’ ³ . cMENkPikú¡GñkR:zñaedIm|IeTABÆd*Gakas Kb|ICaGñk:nnUvTiBV

ckú¡pgEdr . sYrza; eRBaHehtuGVI/ . eqøIøyza; ZmμCatiTaMgLay

manPñM nig edImeQICaedIm EdlekIteLIgedayGMNacrdUv k*man

xøH kñúgcenøaH‘pøÚv’ç stVTaMgLay mannaK nig RKuDCaedIm kal

RcENn Etgnimμit edIm|IsMEdgdlGñkmanb\TÆiTaMgenaHxøH . sYrza

cuHGñkmanb\TÆi eXIjnUvstVTaMgenaHehIy etIRtUveZVIdUcemþcEdr/ .

eqøIyza; buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi Kb|IcUlsmabtþi manQanCaTItaMg

ecjehIy eZVIbrikmμ GZidðanza ²sUmovtæúenaHeTACaGakascuH³ .

cMENkRBHezr; eBalza ²mñalGavuesaTaMgLay karcUl

smabtþi manGVICaRbeyaCn¾ç ERkgcitþrbs´Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH taMg

enAmaMehIyEmnBitç Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH GZidðannUvTINa> eday

citþenaHza ²cUreTACaGakas³ dUecñHç TIenaH> :neTACaGakasEmn

Bit minEmneTß/³ . RBHezr; eBalehIyyagenHk*BitEmnehIy

EtebITukCayagdUecñaH k*Kb|IRbtibtþi tamn&yEdl:neBalehIy

kñúgtierakuDÐ:diharüÉeNaH .

müageT[t Pikú¡enH Kb|ICaGñk:nnUvTiBVckú¡ edIm|IkiriyacuH kñúg

TIEdlCaOkask*:n . eRBaHza Pikú¡enH zaebI cuHkñúgTIminEmnCa

Okas CakMBgsMrabgUtkþI CaTVarénRsukkþI KWCaGñkR:kd dl

mhaCn eRBaHehtuenaH Pikú¡enaH eXIj ‘nUvOkas’ edayTiBVckú¡

ehIy ev[rnUvTIminEmnCaOkas ehIycuHkñúgTIEdlCaOkas .

1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 272 .

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 389

‘ykédsÞabGEgÁlRBHc&nÞnigRBHGaTitük*:n’ kñúg:diharüenHza ²ykédsÞabGEgÁl nUvRBHc&nÞ nig RBH

GaTitüTaMgenH Edlmanb\TÆieRcInyagenH manGanuPaBeRcInyag

enH³ manGZib|ayza; PaBénRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü manb\TÆieRcIn

bNiÐtKb|IRCab edaykiriyaRtaceTA BÆd*xagelIEpndI Edlman

RbmaNCa 42ç000 eyaCn¾ç PaBénRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü man

GanuPaBeRcIn bNÐitKb|IRCab eRBaHkiriyaeZVInUvBnøW kñúgTVIbTaMg 3

kñúgxN;EtmYy . mYyvijeT[t eQμaHza manb\TÆieRcIn eRBaHkar

RtaceTA BÆd*xagelI‘EpndI’ nig eZVInUvBnøW yagenH:nç eQμaHza

manGanuPaBeRcIn eRBaHPav;énRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitüenaH manb\TÆi

eRcInenaHÉg . bTza ²bramC¢ti³ KW sÞabGEgÁl edayCMuvij dUc

CaeKsÞabGEgÁlnUvépÞénkJ©k .

k*b\TÆienH rbsPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH rEmgsMerc edayGMNac

énQanEdlmanGPiJ¦aCaTItaMgEtmüag . karkMNtedayksiN

smabtþi kñúgb\TÆienaH minmaneT . smdUcRBHsarIbuRteBalehIy

kñúgbdismÖiTaza; bTza ²«embi cnÞimsuriey .eb. brimC¢ti³ manesckþIza Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi kñúgsasnaenH Edl:ndlehIy

nUvkarsÞatCMnajkñúgcitþenaH nwkcgsÞabGEgÁlnUvRBHc&nÞ nig RBH

GaTitü luHnwkcgehIy k*GZidðan edayjaNza ²sUmo‘RBHc&nÞ

ß RBHGaTitü’ mkenAkñúghtæ:s³ dUecñHç ‘RBHc&nÞ ß RBHGaTitü’

k*:nmkenAkñúghtæ:sç Pikú¡enaH CaGñkGg<úy ß sig ykédeTA

BalsÞabGEgÁl nUvRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü:n dUcBYkmnusSEdl

390 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

minmanb\TÆi edayRbRktI BalsÞabGEgÁl nUvvtæúGVInImYy Carbs´

manrUb taMgenAkñúghtæ:s yagNaç ÉPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi :ndl

ehIynUvkarsÞatCMnajkñúgcitþenaH CaGñkGg<úy ß sig ykédeTA

BalsÞabGEgÁl nUvRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü k*y¨agenaHÉg .

Pikú¡Edlmanb\TÆienHenaH zaebIR:zña edIm|IeTAsÞabGEgÁl ‘nUv

RBHc&nÞ nigRBHGaTitü’ k*eTAsÞabGEgÁl:nç Etza ebICaGñkGg<úy

kþI sigkþI R:zñacgsÞabGEgÁl kñúgTIenHÉg GZidðanza ²RBHc&nÞ

nig RBHGaTitü cUrmankñúghtæ:s³ . Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH sÞab

GEgÁl nUvRBHc&nÞ nigRBHGaTitü EdlmkfitenAehIykñúghtæ:s

edaykMLaMgénkarGZidðank*:n dUcCaeKsÞabGEgÁlEpøetñat Edl

rebHcakTg y¨agenaHÉg ß lUkédcabk*:n .

sYrza ²kalGñkmanb\TiÆlUkeTAç rUbEdlmanviJ¦aNRbkan´

yklUt ß rUbEdlminmanviJ¦aNRbkan´yklUt/³ . eqøIyza

²eRBaHGaRs&yó:TinñkrUb eTIbGnu:TinñkrUblUt³ . kñúgó:Tinñk;

nigGnu:Tinñk;enaH RBHtibidkcULnaKetær eBalza ²mñalGavuesa

TaMgLay k*ó:TinñkrUb Carbs´tUcxøH ZMMxøH min:neTß/ ERkgkñúg

eBlNa Pikú¡ ‘sMEdgb\TÆi’ ecjeTAtamRbehagTaMgLay man

RbehagesaCaedIm:n kñúgeBlenaH ó:TinñkrUb CarbstUc:n

kñúgeBlNa Pikú¡eZVIGtþPaBoZM kñúgeBlenaH ó:TinñkrUb k*eTACa

ZM:n dUcó:TinñkrUb rbsRBHmhaemaK<løanetærminEmneTß/³ .

‘er]gnenÞabnnÞnaKraC’ :n»za sm&ymYy GnazbiNÐikKhbtI sþabZmμeTsna

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

392 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

Can´tavtþigS CamYynwgPikú¡ 500 Gg< tamkMBUlénBitanrbsesþc

naKraCenaHÉg .

k*kñúgsm&yenaH Tidði d*GaRkk mansPaBEbbenH ekIteLIg

ehIy dlnenÞabnnÞnaKraCza ²minKYrebIBYksmN; RtegalTaMg

enH cUl> ecj> PBtavtþigS rbseTvtaTaMgLay tamPBxag

elIrbs´BYkeyIgeTç «LÚvenH cabtaMgBIézáenHteTA Gjnwgmino

BYksmN;RtegalTaMgenH eTAerayZUlIeCIg elIk|alrbsBYk

eyIg:neT³ . naKraCenaH eRkakeLIgehIy eTAkaneCIgPñMsienru

lHbgnUvGtþPaBenaH B&TÆB&nÆnUvPñMsienru 7 CMu edayEPñnTaMgLay

dkBBar BÆd*xagelI cabykPBCantavtþigS edayBBarEdlRKb

Cit dlehIynUvkaremIlmineXIj .

RKaenaHÉg RBHrdð:l d*manGayu :nRkabTUlnUvBaküenH

cMeBaHRBHmanRBHPaKza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn kñúgkalmun x\úMRBH

Gg<QrenAkñúgRbeTsenH emIleXIjPñMsienru eXIjsienrubriPNÐ

eXIjPBtavtþigS eXIjevCynþR:saT eXIjTgxagelIevCynþ

R:saTç bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn etIGVIeTAhñ@Caehtu GVIeTAhñ@Cabc©&y

kñúgkal«LÚvenH Edlminox\úMRBHGg<emIleXIjnUvPñMsienru .l.

minox\úMRBHGg<emIleXIjTg elIevCynþR:saTenaH/³ .

RBHd*manRBHPaK RTgRtas´za ²mñalrdð:l naKraC eQμaH

nenÞabnnÞ;enH eRkaZxwgcMeBaHBYkGñk B&TÆPñMsienru edayEPñnTaMg

Lay 7 CMu :MgedayBBar xagelI eZVIoggwt QrenAehIy³ .

RBHrdð:l RkabTUlza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn x\úMRBHGg< nwg

visuTÆimK< ERb 391

rbs´RBHmanRBHPaKehIy RkabTUlnimnþza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn

kñúgézáEsÁk sUmRBHGg<TTYlnUvP&tþ kñúgpÞHrbs´eyIgx\úMRBHGg< mYy

GenøIedayPikú¡ 500 Gg<³ dUecñHehIy k*ec[secjeTA . RBHd*

manRBHPaK RTgTTYlnimnþehIy RTgjúaMgcMENkénraRtI kñúgézá

enaH oknøgeTAehIy eTIbRTgRbemIlemIlnUvelakZatumYyh μWn

kñúgbc©Ússm&y . RKaenaH naKraCeQμaHnenÞabnnÞ; mkkanrgVg´

RBHckú¡ kñúgRbZanénjaN rbsRBHGg< . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´

rMBwgemIlza ²naKraC eQμaHnenÞabnnÞ;enH mkkan´rgVgckú¡ kñúg

RbZanénjaN rbstzaKt . etIóbnisS&y rbsnaKraCenH

manEdrßhñ@/³ dUecñH k*RTgTteXIjza ²naKraCenH CamicäaTidði min

RCHzøakñúgRBHéRtr&tñeT³ RTgrMBwgemIlza ²GñkNaeTAhñ@ Kb|IrMgab´

naKraCenH ecjGMBImicäaTidði:n/³ k*RTg:nTteXIj nUvRBHmha

emaK<løanetær . lMdabenaH nakalraRtIPøWc|asehIy RBHmanRBH

PaK RTgeZVInUvkarCMrHRBHsrIr; ehIyRTgRtas´ehARBHGannÞd*man

Gayumkza ²mñalGannÞ cUrGñkR:bPikú¡ 500 rUb za tzaKt eTA

kan´eTvcarik³ .

k*kñúgézáenaH BYknaKraC :ncatEcknUvTIsMrabsIupwk sMrab

nenÞabnnÞnaKraC . esþcnaKraCenaH manesVtcä&Rtd*CaTiBV:Mg KW

BYkGñkr:M 3 Rkum nig naKbris&TecameramehIy CaGñkEBnemIl

nUvviZIesay:ynigTwk EdleKdak´ehIy elIPaCn;TiBVTaMgLay

elIrtnbløg,d*CaTiBV . RKaenaH RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´eZVIolμmEt

naKraCemIleXIj RTgyageTA manRBHP®kþeq¬aHeTAkan´eTvelak

ពទ�ធកស

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េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 393

TUnμannUvnaKraCenaH³ . RBHmanRBHPaK minRTgGnuJ¦ateLIy .

RKaenaH Pikú¡TaMgGs´Gg< KW; RBHPTiÞy;d*manGayu RBHrahuld*man

Gayu eRkakeLIgehIy tamlMdab . RBHd*manRBHPaK minRTg

GnuJ¦ateLIy . kñúgTIbMput RBHmhaemaK<løanetær RkabTUlza

²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn x\úMRBHGg<nwgTUn μan³ . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg

GnuJ¦atehIyza ²mñalemaK<løan cUrGñkTUn μancuH³ .

RBHezr; lHbgnUvGtþPaB nimμitnUvePTCaesþcnaKd*ZM rMuB&TÆ

esþcnaKeQμaHnenÞabnnÞ; edayEPñn Gsvar; 14 dg dakBBar

rbs´xøÜn elIk|alénBBarnenÞabnnÞnaKraCenaH ek[brwtehIy Ca

mYynwgPñMsienru . naKraC bgØúyEpSgehIy . cMENkRBHezr;

eBalza ²minEmnEpSgmanEtkñúgsrIr;rbs´GñkEtbueNÑaHeTç sUm|I

kñúgsrIr;rbseyIgk*mandUcKñaEdr³ dUecñH bgØúyEpSgehIy. EpSg

rbs´naKraC mineb[teb[nRBHezr;eTç EtEpSgrbsRBHezr; eb[t

eb[nnUvnaKraC . lMdabenaH naKraC RBYsePøIgehIy . ÉRBH

ezr;eBalza ²minEmnmanePøIgEtkñúgsrIr; rbsGñkEtmñakÉgeTç

sUm|IkñúgsrIr;rbseyIgk*manePøIgdUcKña³dUecñH beJ©jePøIgehIy.

ePøIgrbsnaKraC mineb[teb[nnUvRBHezr;eTç EtePøIgrbs´RBHezr;

eb[teb[nnaKraC . naKraC Kitza ²smN;enH ek[brwtGj Ca

mYynwgPñMsienru ehIybgØúyEpSgpg beJ©jePøIgpg³ dUecñHehIy

sYrza ²Enelakd*cMerIn GñkCaGñkNa/³ . RBHezr; eBalza ²En

nnÞ; Gat μahñwgÉg CaemaK<løan;³ . naKraCTUlza ²bBiRtelak

m©asd*cMerIn sUmelakm©asfitenA edayPaBénxøÜnCaPikú¡cuH³ .

394 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

RBHezr; lHnUvGtþPaBenaHehIy cUleTA tamrnÆRtec[kxagsþaM

rbs´naKraCenaHehIy ecjeTAvij tamrnÆRtec[kxageqVg . RBH

ezr; cUleTA tamrnÆRtec[kxageqVg ehIyecjeTAvij tamrnÆ

Rtec[kxagsþaM . RBHezr; cUleTAtamrnÆRcmuHxagsþaM ehIyecj

eTAvij tamrnÆRcmuHxageqVgdUcKña . elakcUleTA tamrnÆRcmuH

xageqVg ehIyecjeTAvij tamrnÆRcmuHxagsþaM . lMdabenaH naK

raC ebIkmatehIy . RBHezr; cUleTA tammatehIy edIrc®g,m

eTAmk tamTisxagekIt nig Tisxaglic xagkñúgeBaH‘naKraC’ .

RBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtasza ²mñalemaKøløan cUrGñkeZIVTukkñúgcitþ

za naKraCenH CaGñkmanb\TiÆeRcIn³ . RBHezr; TUlza ²bBiRtRBH

Gg<d*cMerIn «TiÆ:TTaMg 4 KWx\MúRBHGg<cMerInehIy eZVIoeRcInehIy

eZVIodUcCayan eZVIoCaTItaMgehIy eZVIminokMerIkehIy eZVIozñwk

ehIy R:rBÆlÁehIyç bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn nenÞabnnÞ; cUrfitenA

cuHç xú\MRBHGg< Kb|ITUn μanTaMgry TaMgBan´ TaMgEsn énnaKraCTaMg

Lay dUcCanenÞabnnÞnaKraC:n³ .

ÉnaKraC Kitza ²smN;enH kalcUleTA KWGjmineXIj

munk*huyeTAcuH kñúgeBlecjmkvij «LÚvenH GjnwgRt:knUv

smN;enaH RtgcenøaHéncg,Úm ehIynwgTMBaoexÞc³ dUecñHehIy

eBalza ²bBiRtelakm©asd*cMerIn sUmelakm©asnimnþecjmk

sUmkMuedIreTAmk xagkñúgeBaH eZVIox\úMlM:keLIy³ . RBHezr;

:necjmkeTAQrenAxageRkAehIy . naKraC eXIjza ²enHKW

elak³ ElgeTAehIynUvxülkñúgRcmuH . RBHezr; cUlehIynUv

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

396 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

:nCaRBHGg<RTgyagmkTaMgézáRtg/³ . RBHsasþa RTgRtasza

²s®g<am:nekItehIydlmhaemaK<løan nignenÞabnnÞnaKraC³ .

esdðI RkabTUlsYrza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn etIGñkNamanC&yCMnH

GñkNacaj/³ . RBHGg<RTgRtasza ²emaK<løan manC&yCMnH

nenÞabnnÞ;caj³ . GnazbiNÐikesdðI RkabTUlza ²bBiRtRBHGg<

d*cMerIn sUmRBHmanRBHPaKRTgTTYlnUvP&tþ rbsTUlRBHbg<M tam

lMdabénPaCn¾mYYy Gs 7 ézáç x\úMRBHGg< nwgeZVInUvsk,ar; dlRBH

ezr; rhUt 7 ézá³ :neZVIehIynUvsk,ar;d*eRcIn cMeBaHPikú¡ 500

Gg< manRBHBuTÆCaRbZan Gs 7 ézá .

Baküza ²kñúgeBlNa Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi eZVInUvGtþPaBoZM kñúg

eBlenaH GtþPaB:nCaZM dUcGtþPaBrbsRBHmhaemaK<løanetær

y¨agenaHÉg³ enH KWRBHtibidkcULnaKetær eBalehIysMedAyk

nUvGtþPaBd*ZM EdlRBHmhaemaK<løanetæreZVIehIy kñúgkarTUn μannUv

nenÞabnnÞnaKraCenH edayRbkardUecñHÉg . kalebIelakeBal

ehIyyagenHç Pikú¡TaMgLay eBalza ²Gnu:TinñkrUbhñwgÉg Etg

cMerIn eRBaHGaRs&ynUvó:TinñkrUb³ . k*vaT; rbsPikú¡TaMgLay

enHÉg CaesckþIRtwmRtUv kñúg:diharünu@H .

Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH luHeZVIy¨agenHehIy minEmnRKan´EtsÞab

GEgÁlnUvRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitüTaMgLayEtbu¨eNÑaHeT zaebIR:zña

eZVInUvRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü oeTACaRCj´sMrabRTeCIg ehIydak´

eCIg ‘elIRBHc&nÞnigRBHGaTitüenaHk*:n’ç eZVIoeTACataMg ehIy

Gg<úyk*:nç eZVIoeTACaERKedkk*:nç eZVI ‘RBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü’

visuTÆimK< ERb 395

ctutæCÄan . xülminGac edIm|IjúaMgsUm|InUvreNþAéneramrbsRBH

ezr;enaH okMerIk:neLIy .

:n»mkza Pikú¡d*essTaMgLay minGacedIm|IeZVInUv:diharü

TaMgBYg:n cabtaMgEtGMBIedImmkç EtdlTIenH Pikú¡BYkd*ess k*

nwgminGacedIm|ICaGñkcUlsmabtþiy¨agqab´rh&sy¨agenH:neT

eRBaHehtuenaH RBHmanRBHPaK minRTgGnuJ¦atnUvkarTUn μannaKraC

dlPikú¡TaMgLayenaH .

naKraC Kitza ²GjminGac edIm|IjúaMgsUm|IRtwmEtreNþA én

eram rbssmN;enH okMerIk edayxülkñúgRcmuH :neLIyç

smN; manb\TÆieRcIn³ dUecñH . RBHezr; lHbgnUvGtþPaB nimμit

CarUbRKuD ehIysMEdgnUvxülénRKuD edjCabtamnaKraCehIy.

naKraC lHbgnUvGtþPaBenaH nimμitnUvePTCamaNB ehIyeBal

za ²bBiRtelakm©asd*cMerIn x\úMsUmdlelakm©asCaTIBwgTIrlwk³

dUecñH zVaybg<MehIy nUvRBH:TTaMgLayrbsRBHezr; . RBHezr;

eBalza ²EnnnÞ; RBHsasþaesþcyagmkehIyç GñkcUrmk eyIg

nwgeTA³ dUecñHehIy TUn μannaKraC eZVIminomanButt|útehIy :n

naMykeTAkan´sMNak énRBHmanRBHPaK . naKraC zVaybgM<RBH

manRBHPaKehIy RkabTUlza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn x\úMRBHkruNa

sUmdl´nUvRBHGg<CaTIBwgTIrlwk³ . RBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtasza

²mñalnaKraC cUrGñkmanesckþIsuxcuH³ RTgmanPikú¡sg¹ecameram

ehIy :nesþcyageTAkan´nievsn¾ énGnazbiNÐikesdðI .

GnazbiNÐikesdðI RkabTUlza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn ehtuGVI

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visuTÆimK< ERb 397

oeTACaPñakédsMrabEpÁk ehIyEpÁkk*:n . k*buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi

mYyrUb eZVI:nyagNaç sUm|IbuK<lGñkmanb\TÆidéTeT[t k*eZVI:n

y¨agenaHEdr . EmnBit nakalBYkPikú¡sUm|IeRcInEsnrUb eZVIy¨ag

enHç :diharü rEmgsMerc dlbNþaPikú¡TaMgLayenaH Pikú¡mYy

rUb> dUcKñaEdr nig dMeNIreTAkþI kareZVInUvBnøWkþI rbsRBHc&nÞ nigRBH

GaTitü EtgmandUcKñapgEdr . eRb[bdUcCa kalebIBagTwkmYy

Ban EdleBjedayTwkmanç mNÐlénRBHc&nÞ rEmgR:kd kñúg

BagTaMgGs´ç dMeNIreTAkþI kareZVIBnøWénRBHc&nÞkþI k*taMgenACaRbRktI

dEdlyagNamijç :diharüenH manóbma edaymNÐlénRBH

c&nÞ k*y¨agenaHEdr .

‘eRbIGMNacedaykayeTARBh μelakk*:n’ ‘245’ Baküza ²yav RBhμelakabi³ esckþIza eZVInUvRBhμ-

elak oCaeRK]gkMNt:n . Baküza ²kaeyn vsM vetþti³ esckþIza Gñkmanb\TÆi júaMgGMNacrbsxøÜnoRbRBwtþeTAedaykay

kñúgRBhμelakenaH . esckþIén:f;enaH bNÐitKb|IRCab eTA

tam:lIpgcuH .

k*:lI kñúg:diharünu@H mandUcteTAenH KW ; :lIza ²yav RBhμelakabi eyn vsM vetþti³ esckþIza ebIPik¡úGñkmanb\TÆi

Edl:nsMercnUvkarsÞatCMnajkñúgcitþenaH manR:zñaedIm|IeTAkan´

RBhμelak k*GZidðan‘nUvvtæú’ kñúgTIqáay omkkñúgTICitza sUmo

‘vtæúenaH’ mktaMgenAkñúgTICitç ‘vtæúenaH’ k*mktaMgenAkñúgTICitk*:nç

GZidðan ‘nUvvtæú’ kñúgTICit oeTAkñúgTIqáayza sUmo ‘vtæúenH’ taMg

398 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

enAkñúgTIqáayç ‘vtæúenaH’ k*taMgenAkñúgTIqáayk*:nç GZidðan nUvvtæú

eRcIn oeTACavtæúticza sUmovtæúenHmancMnYntic vtæúenaH k*eTACa

vtæútick*:nç GZidðannUvvtæútic oeTACavtæúeRcInza sUmovtæúenHeTA

CavtæúeRcInç vtæúenaH k*eTACavtæúeRcInk*:nç ‘Pikú¡enaH’ eXIjc|as´

nUvrUbénRBhμenaH edayckú¡dUcCaTiBV »sMeLgénRBhμenaH eday

esatZatudUcCaTiBV dwgc|asnUvcitþ énRBhμenaH edayjaNCa

eRK]gkMNtnUvcitþç ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi Edl:nsMercnUvkarsÞat

CMnajkñúgcitþenaH manR:zñaedIm|IeTA kan´RBhμelak edaykay

d*R:kd k*begÁancitþeTA edayGMNacénkay GZidðancitþ eday

GMNacénkay luHbegÁancitþeTA edayGMNacénkay GZidðancitþ

eTAedayGMNacénkayehIy eTIbcuHkan´suxsJ¦apg kanlhu-

sJ¦apg ehIyeTAkanRBhμelak edaykayd*R:kd:nç ebIPikú¡

Gñkmanb\TÆi Edl:nsMercnUvkarsÞatCMnajkñúgcitþenaH CaGñkman

R:zñaedIm|IeTAkan´RBhμelak edaykayminR:kd k*begÁankay

edayGMNacéncitþ GZidðannUvkay edayGMNacéncitþ luHbegÁan

kayeTA edayGMNacéncitþ GZidðannUvkay edayGMNacéncitþ

ehIy eTIbcuHkan´suxsJ¦apg kanlhusJ¦apg ehIyeTAkan´

RBhμelak edaykayminR:kdç Pikú¡enaH nimμitrUbxøÜn EdlsMerc

GMBIcitþ manGvyv;tUcZMsBVRKb man«®nÞIy¾minezakTab enAxag

muxénRBhμenaHç ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaHc®g,m rUbnimμitk*c®g,m kñúgTI

enaHEdrç ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaHQr rUbnimμitk*Qr kñúgTIenaHEdrç

ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH Gg<úyç rUbnimμitk*Gg<úy kñúgTIenaHEdrç ebIPikú¡

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400 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

PaK kalesþcyageTAkan´eTvelak kñúgkalCaTIbMputénymk-

:diharü RTgeZVInUvPñMyuKnÆr nig PñMsienru kñúgTICit RTgdakRBH:T

m¡ag GMBIépÞEpndI elIPñMyuKnÆr ehIyRTgdaknUvRBH:TTIBIr elI

kMBUlPñMsienru .

sYrza ²GñkNadéTeT[t :neZVI‘nUvTICitoeTACaTIqáay’ :n

xøH/³ . eqøIyza ²RBHmhaemaK<løanetær³ . EmnBit RBHezr;

bMRBYjnUvpøÚveTAkansg,sSnKr RbmaN 30 eyaCn¾ júaMgbris&T

12 eyaCn¾ EdlkMBugeZVIP&tþkic© ehIyecjmk GMBIRkugsavtæI o

dlRBm kñúgxN;enaHPøam .

mYyeT[t RBHcULsmuTÞetær k*:neZVIehIy kñúgtm¬bNÑiTIVb .

:n»mkza kñúgsm&yénRsukekItTuriÖkS Pikú¡ 700 Gg< :neTA

kan´sMNakénRBHezr; taMgBIRBwkRBlwm . RBHezr; Kitza ²Pikú¡

sg¹d*eRcIn karRtaceTAedIm|IPik¡a nwgmankñúgTINa/³ dUecñH min

eXIj ‘nUvTIPik¡acar’ kñúgtm¬bNÑiTIVbTaMgmUl eXIjza ²Pik¡acar

nwgman kñúgRkug:tlIbuRt Rtgeqñrxagnay³ dUecñH júaMgPikú¡TaMg

Layokanyk nUv:Rt nig cIBr ehIyeBalza ²mñalGavuesa

TaMgLay GñkTaMgLaycUrmk BYkeyIgnwgeTAkanPik¡acar³ dUecñH

ehIy bMRbYjnUvEpndI ehIyeTAkanRkug:tlIbuRt . BYkPikú¡TaMg

Lay sYrza ²bBiRtelakm©asd*cMerIn enHCanKrGVI/³ . RBHezr;

eBalza ²mñalGavuesaTaMgLay enHCanKr:tlIbuRt³ . Pik¡ú

TaMgLaysYrza ²bBiRtelakm©asd*cMerIn nKr:tlIbuRt enAkñúgTI

qáayß/³ . RBHezr;eBalza ²mñalGavuesaTaMgLay ZmμtaRBH

visuTÆimK< ERb 399

Gñkmanb\TÆienaHbeJ©jEpSg rUbnimμit k*beJ©jEpSg kñúgTIenaHEdrç

ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH eqHeTACaePøIg rUbnimμit k*eqHeTACaePøIg kñúg

TIenaHEdrç ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH sMEdgnUvZm( rUbnimμitþ k*sMEdgnUv

Zm( kñúgTIenaHEdrç ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH sYrnUvRbsña rUbnimμitk*sYr

nUvRbsña kñúgTIenaHEdrç ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH RtUveKsYrnUvRbsña

ehIykMBugedaHRsay rUbnimμit k*RtUveKsYrnUvRbsña ehIykMBug

edaHRsay kñúgTIenaHEdrç ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH kMBugQrcrca eZVI

sakcäa CamYyRBhμenaH rUbnimμit k*kMBugQrcrca eZVIsakcäa Ca

mYyRBhμenaH kñúgTIenaHEdrç srubmk Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH eZVInUvkar

Na> :n rUbnimμit k*eZVInUvkarenaH> :nEdr yagdUecñHÉg ‘1’ . ‘GZib|ayesckþIén:lI’

kñúg:lITaMgenaH :lIza ²TUerbi snþiek GZidðati³ esckþIza

Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH ecjcaksmabtþi EdlmanQanCaTItaMgehIy

BicarNanUveTvelak ß RBhμelak kñúgTIqáayza ²eTvelak nig

RBhμelak cUrmankñúgTICit³ dUecñH luHBicarNaehIy eZVInUvbrikm μ

cUlnUvsmabtþi mþgeT[t GZidðan edayjaNza ²eTvelak nig

RBhμelak cUrmankñúgTICit³ dUecñHç eTvelak nig RBhμelak k*

mankñúgTICit . Kb|IRCabn&yenH kñúgbTd*essTaMgLaypgcuH .

‘eZVITIqáayoeTACaCit’ sYrza ²kñúg:diharüenaH GñkNacabyknUvTIqáay eZVIoeTA

CaTICit/³ . eqøIyza ²RBHd*manRBHPaK³ . EmnBit RBHd*manRBH

1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 273 .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 401

ezr;casTaMgLay kMNtkñúgTIqáayeZVIoenAkñúgTICitk*:n³ . Pikú¡

TaMgLayTUlza ²bBiRtelakm©as´d*cMerIn etImhasmuRT enAkñúg

TINa/³ . RBHezr;eBalza ²mñalGavuesaTaMgLay ERkgelak

TaMgLay knøgnUvRbLaymanBN(ex[vmYy kñúgcenøaH CaGñkmk

ehIyß/³ . Pikú¡TaMgenaH TUlza ²EmnehIy elakm©asd*cMerIn

EtmhasmuRTZMß/³ . RBHezr; eBalza ²mñalGavuesaTaMgLay

ZmμtaRBHezr;casTaMgLay EtgeZVInUvrbs´ZMoeTACatUck*:n³ .

mYyeT[t RBHcULsmuTÞetærenH eZVInUvrbsZMoeTACatUc:n

y¨agNaç sUm|IRBHtisSTtþetær k*y¨agenaHEdr RsgTwkehIy kñúg

sm&yézáres[l RKgcIBrehIyç kalebIcitþ ekIteLIgehIy za

²GatμaGj nwgzVaybg<MnUvmhaeBaZiRBwkS³ dUecñHç :neZVIehIy o

mankñúgTICit:n .

‘eZVITICitoeTACaTIqáay:n’ sYrza ²cuHGñkNakMNtTICiteZVIoeTACaTIqáay/³ . eqøIyza

²RBHmanRBHPaK³ . EmnBit RBHmanRBHPaK RTg:neZVInUvcenøaH

dlRBHGg< nig dlRBHGg<úlimalsUm|ITICitoeTACaTIqáay:n .

‘eZVInUvvtæúeRcInoeTACatic:n’ sYrza ²cuHGñkNa eZVIvtæúeRcIn oeTACatic:n/³ . eqøIyza

²RBHmhaksSbetær³ . :n»za kñúgRkugraCRKwH kñúgézáCaTIelg

nUvnk¡tþb\kS kumarIRbmaN 500 nak kan´yknUvnMdUcCaRBHc&nÞedIr

eTAedIm|IRbeyaCn¾dlkarelgnk¡tþb\kS eXIjnUvRBHmanRBHPaK

ehIy min:nzVayehIynUvnMbnþicbnþÜcç EtluHeXIjRBHezr;kMBug

402 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

nimnþmktameRkay k*eBalza ²RBHezr; rbsBYkeyIg nimnþmk

BYkeyIg nwgRbeKnnUvnM³ ehIykan´yknMTaMgGs cUleTArkRBH

ezr; . RBHezr; yk:Rtecjmk:neZVIehIynUvnMTaMgGs o

RtwmEteBjmYy:Rt . RBHmanRBHPaK kalrgcaMRBHezr; RTg

KgenAxagmuxehIy . RBHezr; :nnaMmkzVayRBHmanRBHPaK .

‘eZVInUvvtæúticoeTACavtúæeRcIn:n’ cMENkkñúger]g«løisesdðI RBHmhaemaK<løanetær :neZVInUv

vtúæticoeTACavtúæeRcIn . mYyeT[t kñúger]gmnusSTuK(teQμaHkak-

vLiy; RBHmanRBHPaK k*RTg:neZVIvtúæticoeRcInEdr . :n»za

RBHmhaksSbetær júaMgkaloRbRBwtþknøgeTA kñuúgsmabtþi Gs´

7 ézá ehIy eZVInUvkarse®g<aHdlmnusST&lRk :nQrenAEk|r

TVarpÞH rbs´mnusSTuK(teQμaHkakvLiy; . Priyarbs´KateXIj

RBHezr;ehIy :nerayrayehIy nUvbbr«tmanrséRbnigrsCUr

EdlxøÜncMGinehIyedIm|IsVamI eTAkñúg:Rt . RBHezr; naMykbbr

enaH eTAdakelIRBHhsþRBHmanRBHPaK . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg

GZidðan eZVIolμnRKan´dlPikú¡sg¹eRcIn . bbrEdlRBHezr; naM

mkeday:RtmYy lμmRKb´RKan´ehIydlPikú¡TaMgGs´ . ÉmnusS

TuK(t eQμaHkakvLiy; :nehIynUvtMENgénesdðI kñúgézáTI 7 .

‘eZVIvtúæminqáaj´oqáaj´:n’ minRtwmEteZVInUvtæútic oeRcInbu¨eNÑaHeLIyç buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi

R:zñanUvvtæúNa> kñúgvtæúTaMgLay manvtæúqáaj´ oeTACavtæúminqáaj´

vtúæminqáaj´ oeTACavtæúqáaj dUecñHCaedImk*:n vtæúTaMgGsenaH >

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visuTÆimK< ERb 403

rEmgsMerc dlbuK<lGñkmanb\TÆi . BitdUecñaHEmn Gm|aly¨ag

RBHmhaGnuLetær eXIjnUvPikú¡eRcInGg< nimnþeTA edIm|IbiNÐ:Rt

ehIy:nnUvP&tþd*esAhμgEmnBit kMBugEtGg<úyqan´ Ek|reqñrsÞwg

Kg<a ehIyGZidðanza ²sUmoTwk kñúgsÞwgKg<a køayeTACaTwkedaH

ravzøa³ dUecñHehIy :nonUvsJ¦a dlsameNrTaMgLay . BYk

sameNrTaMgenaH :nnaMyk edayTIeka mkRbeKnPikú¡sg¹ .

Pikú¡TaMgGs´Gg< qanehIyedayTwkedaHravzøa EdlmanrsEpÁm .

Baküza ²TieBVn ckú¡na³ esckþIza Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi fitenAkñúg

mnusSelakenHÉg cMerInGaelakk,siN emIleXIjnUvrUbrbs´

RBhμenaH nig fitenAkñúgmnusSelakenHÉg kalRBhμenaHniyay

Kña k*»sMeLgTaMgGs dwgc|asnUvcitþ ‘rbsRBh μenaH’ :n .

‘begÁancitþeTAedayGMNackay:n’ Baküza ²kayvesn citþM briNaemti³ esckþIzaPikú¡Gñkman

b\TÆi begÁancitþeTA edayGMNacénkrCkay KWkMNtcitþmanQan

CaTItaMg elIkcitþeLIgkñúgkay KWeZVIcitþomandMeNIreTAtamkay

KWza omandMeNIreTAyWtyUr . eRBaHza dMeNIrénkay CadMeNIr

yWtyUr . Baküza ²suxsJ¦J© lhusJ¦J© Ok,mti³ esckþIza

Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi yagcuHkan´ KWcUleTA BalRtUv dlRBmnUvsux-

sJ¦a nig lhusJ¦a EdlekItRBmeday«TÆicitþ manQanCaTI

taMgCaGarmμN¾ . sJ¦a Edlsm|yutþedayóebk¡a eQμaHza

suxsJ¦a . eRBaHza óebk¡a RBHmanRBHPaK Rtasza ²Casux

d*sáb³ . k*ÉsJ¦aenaHÉg Kb|IRCabza ²eQμaHza lhusJ¦a³

404 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

dUecñHk*:n eRBaHPav;énsJ¦aenaH rYcRsLHehIycaknIvrN;TaMg

Laypg cakZm(CasRtUvTaMgLaymanvitk,;CaedImpg . kalebI

buK<lGñkmanb\TÆienaH yagcuHkan´suxsJ¦aenaHç sUm|IkrCkay

k*CakayRsal dUcCabu¨yénK . Gñkmanb\TÆienaH eTAkanRBh μ

elak edaykayd*RsalEdlR:kd dUcCabu¨yénKEdlRtUvxül´

bkebIugeLIgehIy yagenaHç k*Gñkmanb\TÆi kaleTAyagenH zaebI

R:zña nimμitnUvpøÚvBÆd*Gakas edayGMNacénbfvIksiN ehIy

eTA edayeCIg:nç zaebIR:zña GZidðan nUvxül edayGMNacén

vaeyaksiN ehIyeTAedayxül dUcCabu¨yénKk*:n . EtPaB

énGñkmanb\TÆicgedIm|IeTAhñwgÉg CaRbmaN:n kñúgkareTAeday

kayEdlR:kdnu@H . eRBaHza kalebImanPaBénGñkmanb\TÆiR:zña

edIm|IeTAç buK<lGñkmanb\TÆienaH manGZidðan kñúgcitþeZVIehIy yag

enH CaGñkRtUvkMLaMgénkarGZidðansÞÜyeLIgehIyEmnBit rEmgeTA

kan´ ‘RBhμelak’ :n EdlGñkNak*emIlmineXIj dUcCakUnsr

Edlnayxμan´ZñÚ :jeTAehIy dUecñaHÉg .

‘eTAedayGTisSmankay:n’ ‘246’ Baküza ²citþvesn kayM briNaemti³ esckþIza

Gñkmanb\TÆikMNtnUvkayehIyelIkeLIgkñúgcitþ KWeZVI‘kay’oman

dMeNIreTAtamcitþ KWza eZVIomandMeNIrrh&s . eRBaHza dMeNIr

éncitþ KWCaZmμCatrh&s . Baküza ²suxsJ¦J© lhusJ¦J© Ok,mti³ esckþIza buK<lGñkmanb\TÆiyagcuHkan´suxsJ¦ nig kan´

lhusJ¦aEdlekItRBmeday«TiÆcitþ EdlmanrUbkayCaGarm μN¾

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រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 405

edayRbkardUecñHÉg . Baküd*ess bNÐitKb|IRCab tamn&y

EdlelakeBalehIyhñwgÉg .

É:diharü KWkarbegÁannUvkay edayGMNacéncitþenH KWCa

dMeNIréncitþhñwgÉg . EtkalebImanBaküeBalza ²buK<lGñkman

b\TÆienH kaleTAedaykayEdlminR:kdyagenH eTAkñúgxN; én

karekIteLIg énGZidðancitþenaHß ßza eTAkñúgxN; éncitþtaMgenA

ßk* kñúgxN; éncitþEbkZøay/³ dUecñHç RBHezr;eBalza ²Gñkman

b\TiÆeTAkñúgxN;TaMgbI³ . sYrza ²cuHbuK<lGñkmanb\TiÆenaHeTAeday

xøÜnÉg ß bJ¢ÚnnUvrUbEdlelaknimμitehIyß/³ . eqøIyza ²Gñk

manb\TiÆ eZIVtamsmKYrdlesckIþKabcitþ³ . EtkareTAedayxøÜnÉg

hñwgÉgénbuK<lGñkmanb\TÆienaH mkehIykñúg:diharüenH . bTza

²menamyM³ KWrUbenaH eQμaHza sMercedaycitþ eRBaHPav;énGñk

manb\TÆienaH nimμitehIyedaycitþsMrabGZidðan . Baküza ²GhI- ni®nÞiyM³ enH KWelakeBalehIy edayGMNacénkartaMgenARBm

énGaytn;TaMgLaymanEPñknigRtec[kCaedIm . EtZmμtaRbsaT

kñúgrUbnimμit minmaneT . BaküTaMgBYgmanBaküza ²sec «TÆima cg,mti nimiμetabi ttæ cg,mti³ dUecñHCaedIm KWelakeBalehIy

eRBaHsMedAyknUvsavknimμitTaMgGs . cMENkRBHBuTÆnimμit RBH

manRBHPaKRTgeZVInUvkic©Na> k*eZVInUvkic©enaH> Edr eZVInUvkic©déT

eT[t edayGMNacénkiriyaKabRBHT&y énRBHmanRBHPaKpgEdr

edayRbkardUecñH .

k*kñúg:diharüenH buK<lGñkmanb\TÆienaH fitenAehIy kñúg

406 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

mnusSelakenHÉg emIleXIjnUvrUb ‘RBhμ’ edayckú¡ dUcCaTiBV

sþabsMeLg edayesatZatu dUcCaTiBV dwgc|asnUvcitþ eday

jaNCaeRK]gkMNtdwgedaycitþ ehtuNaç ehtumanRbmaN

bu¨eNÑHenaH mineQμaHza júaMgGMNacoRbRBwtþeTAedaykayeT .

buK<lGñkmanb\TÆienaH fitenAkñúgmnusSelakenHÉg kMBugQrcrca

eZVIsakcäa CamYynwgRBh μenaH edayehtuNa ehtumanRbmaN

bu¨eNÑaHÉg k*mineQμaHzajúaMgGMNacoRbRBwtþeTAedaykayeT .

sUm|IkarGZidðanrbsGñkmanb\TÆienaHza ²GZidðansUm|IkñúgTIqáayo

eTACaTICitk*:n³ dUecñHCaedIm edayehtuNa ehtumanRbmaN

bu¨eNÑHenaH mineQμaHzajúaMgGMNacoRbRBwtþeTA edaykayeT .

buK<lGñkmanb\TÆienaH eTAkan´RBhμelak edaykayEdlR:kdkþI

minR:kdkþI edayehtuNa ehtumanRbmaNbu¨eNÑH k*mineQμaH

za júMgGMNacoRbRBwtþeTA edaykay:nEdr . ÉbuK<lGñkman

b\TÆienaH dlnUvviZIEdlelakeBalehIy edayn&yza ²nimμitrUb

xagmuxénRBh μenaH³ dUecñHCaedIm edayehtuNa ehtumanRbmaN

bu¨eNÑHenaH eTIb:neQμaHzajúaMgGMNacoRbRBwtþeTAedaykay.

cMENkviZId*ess elakeBalehIyedIm|IsMEdgnUvcMENkxagedIm

énkarRbRBwtþieTAkanGMNac edaykay kñúgGZikarenHÉg . b\TÆi

enH eQμaHza GZidðanb\TÆi Camunsin .

‘vikuBVnb\TÆi’ ‘247’ cMENkkareZVIoepSg> énb\TÆiEdleZVIoEbøk nig b\TÆi

EdlsMercmkGMBIcitþ mandUteTAenH KW ;

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408 «TÆiviZnieTÞs

sUm|IkñúgePTTaMgLaymanesHCaedIm k*n&yenHEdr . enHCab\TÆi KW

kareZVIoEbøk ‘vikuBVnb\TÆi’ .

‘b\TÆisMercGMBIcitþ’ ‘248’ cMENkPikú¡GñkcgedIm|IeZVI nUvb\TÆisMercGMBIcitþ ecj

cakQanCaTItaMgehIy BicarNakayCamun ehIyGZidðan tam

n&yEdleBalehIyhñwgÉgza ²kaycUrCaRbehagcuH³ . kay k*

eTACaRbehag . lMdabenaH buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi BicarNakaydéT

kñúgcenøaHénkayenaH eZVIbrikmμehIy GZidðan tamn&yEdlelak

eBalehIyhñwgÉgza ²kaydéT cUrmankñúgcenøaHénkayenaH³ .

buK<lGñkmanb\TÆienaH dknUvkayenaH dUcbuK<ldkecjnUvbNþÚl

GMBIes μAyabøg dUcCabuK<lhUtnUvdavGMBIeRsam nig dUcCabuK<l

TajnUvBsGMBIRtk yagenaHÉg . eRBaHehtudUecñaH :nCaelak

eBalBakü manCaGaTi¾za ²Pikú¡ kñúgsasnaenH nimμitnUvkay man

rUb EdlsMercGMBIcitþ manGvyv;ZMtUcsBVRKb man«®nÞIy¾min

ezakTabCakaydéTGMBIkayenH eRb[bdUcbursdkecjnUvbNþÚl

GMBIes μAyabøgç bursenaH manesckþIdwg yagenHÉgza ²enHCa

esμAyabøg enHCabNþÚl ÉesμAyabøgedayELk bNþÚleday

ELk bNþÚleKdkecjmk GMBIes μAyabøghñwgÉg ‘1’ ³ dUecñH . k*kñúg:lIenaH esckþIóbmaenH KWelakeBalehIyedIm|IsMEdgza

²smÖar;TaMgLay manbNþÚlCaedIm CarbsRbEhlKñanwgesμA

yabøgCaedIm yagNamijç rUbEdlsMercGMBIcitþ k*yagdUecñaH

1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 277 .

visuTÆimK< ERb 407

müageT[t Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi kaleZVInUvb\TÆi KWkareZVIoEbøkdMbUg

xøÜnR:zñanUvrUbNa> Kb|IGZidðannUvrUbenaH> kñúgePTTaMgLayman

ePTénkumarCaedIm EdlelakeBalehIy yagenHza ²RBHGPiPU

enaH lHbgePTCaRbRktI ehIysMEdgePTCakumarxøH sMEdgePT

CanaKxøH sMEdgePTCaRKuDxøH sMEdgePTCaGsurxøH sMEdgePTCa

RBH«®nÞxøH sMEdgePTCaeTvtaxøH sMEdgePTCaRBh μxøH sMEdgePT

CasmuRTxøH sMEdgePTCaPñMxøH sMEdgePTCasIh;xøH sMEdgePT

CaxøaZMxøH sMEdgePTCaxøadMbgxøH sMEdgePTCadMrIxøH sMEdgePT

CaesHxøH sMEdgePTCarzxøH sMEdgePTCaBlezμIreCIgxøH sMEdg

ePTCakgTahanEbøk> KñaxøH ‘1’ ³ . k*Gñkmanb\TiÆ kalGZidðan

ecjcakQan manGPiJ¦aCaTItaMg manksiNÉNamYy kñúg

cMeNamksiNTaMgLay manbfvIksiNCaedImCaGarmμN¾ehIy

Kb|IBicarNaePTkumarrbsxøÜnhñwgÉg . buK<lGñkmanb\TÆienaHluH

BicarNaehIy kñúgTIbMputénbrikmμ Kb|IcUlQanmþgeT[t ecj

ehIy Kb|IGZidðan za ²GatμaGjcUrCakumarmaneQμaHEbbenH³ .

RBmCamYynwgcitþGZidðan Gñkmanb\TÆienaHk*:neTACaekμgRbus dUc

CaPikú¡eTvTtþ . kñúgbTTaMgBYg k*n&ydUcKñaenHEdr . cMENkbTza

²htæim|i TesSti³ dUecñHCaedIm kñúg:lIenaH elakeBalehIy

edayGMNacénkarsMEdg nUvePTmandMrICaedIm BÆd*xageRkAxøH .

kñúgkarsMEdgxageRkAenaH buK<lGñkmanb\TÆienaH minGZidðan za ;

²GatμaGjcUrCadMrI³ dUecñH Kb|IGZidðanza ²cUrCadMrI³ dUecñH . n&y

1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 277 .

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visuTÆimK< ERb 409

Edr CarUbRbEhlKñanwgbuK<lGñkmanb\TÆihñwgÉg³ dUecñH . enHKW

Cab\TÆi EdlsMercmkGMBIcitþ ‘menamyb\TÆi’ .

briecäT TI12 eQμaHza «TÆiviZnieTÞs

kñúgbkrN¾viesseQμaHvisuTÆimK< Edlx\úMeZVIehIy

edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dlkiriyajúaMgsaZuCnorIkray

cbehIy edayRbkarGm|alenHÉgehag .

v v v

410 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

‘TiBVesatZatukza’ ‘249’ kñúgkal«LÚvenH lMdabénnieTÞs énTiBVesatZatu

mkdlehIy tamlMdab . bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþI én:lITaMg

Lay manCaGaTi¾za ²Pikú¡enaH kalebIcitþCasmaZiehIyyagenH³

dUecñH tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIy kñúgTiBVesatZatunieTÞsenaH

pg kñúgGPiJ¦aTaMgLaybI déTGMBIenaHpg . EteyIgTaMgLay

nwgBN(nanUvRtwmEtesckþIviessbu¨eNÑaH kñúgGPiJ¦aTaMgBYg .

‘GZib|ays&BÞ:lI’ kñúg:lIenaH bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþI kñúgBaküza ²TiBVay esatZatuya³ enH dUcteTA . esatZatuenaH eQμaHzaTiBV eRBaH

Pav;énesatZatuenaHdUcCaTiBV . EmnBit esatZatuénRbsaT

rbs´eTvtaTaMgLay CaZm μCatiekItehIy edaysucritkmμ Edl

minRbLakehIy edayvtúæminsÁatTaMgLay manRbmat esøs μ

nigQamCaedIm GacTTYlnUvGarmμN¾kñúgTIqáay:neRBaHrYcRsLH

cakeRK]gesAh μgeTIbdUcCarbs´TiBV . k*ÉesatZatuénjaNenH

EdlekItehIyedaykMLaMgénvIriyPavna rbsPikú¡enH k*R:kddUc

KñaenaHEdr eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHzaTiBV eRBaHjaNesatZatu

enaHR:kdesμIdUcCaTiBV . müageT[t jaNesatZatuenaH eQμaH

za CaTiBV eRBaHPav;énjaNesatZatuenaH KWelak:nmk eday

GMNacénZm(CaeRK]genAdUcCaTiBVpg eRBaHGaRs&ynUvZm(CaeRK]g

enAdUcCaTiBV rbs´xøÜnpg .

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412 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

GPiJ¦aCaTItaMg ecjehIy Kb|IBicarNasMeLgénstVTaMgLay

mansIh;CaedImkñúgéRB EdlCasMeLgeRKatRKat kñúgTIqáay Ca

KnøgénRtec[kCaRbRktI munedayviess edaysmaZicitþEdlCa

brikmμ . RBHeyaKIKb|IBicarNasMeLgd*lÁitsuxumTaMgLay tam

smKYrdllMdab cabepþImGMBIsMeLgd*eRKatRKatmuneKTaMgGs´

y¨agenH KW; sMeLgrKaMg kñúgvtþ sMeLgs<r sMeLgs&g¡ sMeLg

énkarsVaZüay rbssameNr nig Pikú¡kemøaHTaMgLayEdlkMBug

sVaZüay edaykarRbwgERbgRKby¨agç sMeLgza ²bBiRtRBHKuN

m©as etIdUcemþc/ mñalGavuesaTaMgLayetIdUcemþc/³ dUecñHCaedIm

rbs´Pikú¡sameNrTaMgenaH EdlkMBugsnÞnaKña CaRbRktIç sMeLg

énstVsøab sMeLgxül sMeLgeCIg sMeLgénTwkEdlBuHRKak>

sMeLgsøwketñateRk[msÜátnakMedAézá sMeLgstVlÁitmanRsemac

ex μA nig RsemacRkhmCaedIm³ dUecñH . RBHeyaKIenaH Kb|IeZVITuk

kñúgcitþnUvsTÞnimitþénsMeLgTaMgLay kñúgTisxagekIt Kb|IeZVITuk

kñúgcitþnUvsTÞnimitþénsMeLgTaMgLay kñúgTisxaglic Tisxag

eCIg Tisxagt|Úg TisxageRkam TisxagelI TisGaeKñy¾ Tis

BayBü Tis¤san TisnirtI . RBHeyaKIenaH Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ

nUvsTÞnimitþénsMeLgTaMgLay TaMgeRKatRKatTaMglÁit . sMeLg

TaMgLayenaH rEmgR:kddlRBHeyaKIenaHEdlmancitþtaMgenACa

RbRktI . EtsMeLgTaMgenaH CasMeLgR:kdéRkElg dlRBH

eyaKIGñkmansmaZicitþkñúgbrikmμ .

kalebIRBHeyaKIenaHeZVITukkñúgcitþnUvsTÞnimitþhñwgÉgç mena-

visuTÆimK< ERb 411

jaN eQμaHzaesatZatu eRBaHGtæza »pg eRBaHGtæza min

manCIvitpgç mYyeT[t eQμaHza esatZatu eRBaHeRb[bdUcCa

esatZatu eRBaHeZVInUvkic©énesatZatu dUecñHk*manEdr . ‘Gñkman

b\TÆi sþabnUvsMeLg’ edayesatZatu dUcCaTiBVenaH .

bTza ²visuTÆay³ KWeRBaHbrisuTÆ KWza minmanóbk,iels .

bTza ²Gtik,nþmanusikay³ esckþIza knøg KWRbRBwtþknøg nUv

mMsesatZatu EdlCarbsmnusS ehIyfitenA edayGMNacén

karsþabsMeLgknøgnUvóbcar;énmnusS . Baküza ²óePa seTÞ³ ERbza Gñk:nTiBVesat Etg»sMeLgTaMgBIr . sYrza ²sMeLg

TaMgBIrKWGVIxøH/³ . eqøIyza ²sMeLgTiBV 1 sMeLgmnusS 1³ .

GZib|ayza ²sMeLgrbseTvtaTaMgLaypg nig sMeLgrbs´

mnusSTaMgLaypg³ . bNÐitKb|IRCabkarRbkan´ykbriyayCa

eRK]gGag edaybTza ²óePa seTÞ³ enH . Baküza ²ey TUer sniþek c³ manesckþIGZib|ayza ²sMeLgTaMgLayNa kñúgTI

qáay nig sMeLgTaMgLayNa kñúgTICit sUm|Ikñúgck,vaLdéT

edayehaceTA sUm|IsMeLgénstVliÁit EdlGaRs&yenA kñúgrag

kayrbsxøÜnç buK<lGñk:nTiBVesat Etg:n»nUvsMeLgTaMg

LayenaH³ . bNiÐtKb|IRCabkarRbkan´ykbriyay Edlmin

EmnCaeRK]gGag edaybTza ²ey TUer sniþek c³ enH . ‘viZIeZIVTiBVesat’

sYrza ²cuHTiBVesatZatuenH KWeyaKavcrPikú¡ Kb|IeZVIoekIt

eLIgedayRbkardUcemþc/³ . eqøIyza ²Pikú¡enaH cUlkan´Qanman

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visuTÆimK< ERb 413

TVaravC¢ncitþ eZVInUvsMeLgNamYy kñúgcMeNamsMeLgTaMgLay

enaH oCaGarmμN¾ehIy ekIteLIgza ²TiBVesatZatu nwgekIteLIg

kñúgkal«LÚvenH³. kalebImenaTVaravC¢ncitþenaHrltehIyç Cv&n

TaMgLay 3 ß 4 xagedIm Cakamavcr; maneQμaHza brikmμCv&n

óbcarCv&n GnuelamCv&n nig eKaRtPUCv&nç Cv&nTI 4 ß TI 5 Ca

Gb|nacitþ CarU:vcr RbkbedayctutæCÄan énCv&nTaMgLayNaç

Cv&nTaMgLay 4 ß 5 enaH rEmgsÞúHeTA . kñúgCv&nenaH jaN

Na ekIteLIgehIy CamYynwgGb|nacitþenaHç ZatuKWjaNenH

bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²TiBVesatZatu³ . bnÞabGMBIenaH TiBVesatZatu

enaH k*CaZatuZøakcuHehIy kñúgesat;enaH .

RBHeyaKI kaleZVInUvTiBVesatenaH oekItCaKuNCatrwgbwug

Kb|IkMNtRtwmEtmYycgÁúléd ehIycMerIn edaytaMgcitþza ²Gj

nwgsþabnUvsMeLg kñúgcenøaHnu@H³ . bnÞabmk RBHeyaKIKb|IkMNt´

rhUtdlcRkvaL ßkMNtedayéRkElgCagcRkvaLenaHeTAeT[t

ehIyKb|IcMerIn edayGMNacénTImanBIrZñab bYnZñab R:MbIZñab´

mYycMGam mYyKk xagkñúgbnÞb brievNénel|{gR:saT Garam

rbs´sg¹ eKacrRKam nig CnbTCaedIm . RBHeyaKI Gñk:n

sMercGPiJ¦aehIyyagenHnu@H rEmg»nUvsMeLgTaMgLayEdltaMg

enAkñúgcenøaHénGakas EdlGarmμN¾manQanCaTItaMg BalRtUv

ehIyEmnBit . Etza RBHeyaKI kal»yagenH RbsinebIman

karRCYleRCImEtmYy edaysMeLgénePøg mans&g¡ s<r nig xøúy

CaedIm rhUtdlRBhμelakk*edayç kalebImanPaBCaGñkR:zña

414 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

edIm|IkMNtnUvsMeLgepSg> edayELkç rEmgGacedIm|IkMNt

EmnBit za ²enHsMeLgs&g¡ enHsMeLgs<r³ dUecñH:npgEdr .

TiBVesatZatukza cb .

v v v

ecetabriJ¦aNkza

‘GZib|ays&BÞ:lIecetabriJ¦aN’ ‘250’ kñuúgecetabriJ¦aNkza bNÐitKb|IRCabvinicä&y kñúg

bTza ²ecetabriJ¦aNay³ enH dUcteTAenH . jaN eQμaHza

briy; eRBaHkMNt esckþIza kMNtsÞg . jaNEdlkMNtnUv

citþ ‘rbsGñkdéT’ eQμaHza ecetabriy;ç jaNenaHpg kMNt

nUvcitþ ‘rbsGñkdéT’pg eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza ecetabri-

yJ¦aN ‘jaNEdlkMNtcitþrbsGñkdéT:n’ . GZib|ayza

edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dlecetabriyJ¦aNenaH .

bTza ²brstþanM³ KW énstVd*essTaMgLay elIkElg

EtxøÜnecj . sUm|IbTza ²brbuK<lanM³ enH k*manesckþIEtmYy

edaybTenHEdr . EtRBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´eZVInUvPaBepSg> én

BüJ¢n; edayGMNacénstVEdlRBHGg<RTgTUn μanpg edaylMnaM

éneTsnapg . Baküza ²ectsa eceta³ KW nUvcitþ rbsstV

déT buK<ldéTTaMgLayenaH edaycitþrbs´xøÜn . bTza ²bric©³ ERbzakMNtehIy . bTza ²bCanati³ esckþIza dwgedayRbkar

epSg> edayGMNacéncitþTaMgLay mancitþEdlRbkbeTAeday

raK;CaedIm .

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416 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

hTyrUbrbsGñkNa RkeLkemIlnUvkarERbRbYlén«®nÞIy¾ rbs´

GñkNa . eqøIyza ; minRkeLkemIl rbsGñkNaeTç RBHeyaKI

kalBicarNanUvcitþ ‘énGñkdéT’ kñúgPBNanImYy dwgnUvcitþ man

16 RbePT enHÉNaç enHCavis&yrbsPikú¡Gñkmanb\TiÆç cMENk

sMdIenH KWRBHmanRBHPaKRtas´ehIy edayGMNacénkarRbkan´

sÁit EdlRBHeyaKImin:neZVIehIy edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘GZib|aycitþ 16 RbePT’ cMENkkñúg:lIza ²sraKM va citþM³ dUecñHCaedIm bNÐitKb|I

RCabesckIþGZib|ay dUcteTAenH . citþ RbkbedayelaP; 8

Rbkar bNiÐtKb|IRCabza ²citþRbkbedayraK;³ . citþd*ess KW

citþCakusl nig GBüaRkwt EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgPUmi 4 eQμaHzacitþ

R:scakraK; . cMENkcitþTaMgLay 4 enH KW eTamnsScitþ 2

vicikicäacitþ nig óTÆc©citþ 2 mindlnUvkarse®g<aH kñúgRbmaN 2

éncitþenHeT . EtRBHezr;BYkxøH rYbrYmnUvcitþTaMg 4 enHpgEdr .

cMENkeTamnsScitþ 2 Rbkar eQμaHza citþRbkbeday

eTas; . citþCakusl nig GBüaRkwt RbRBwtþeTAkñúgPUmi 4 TaMg

Gs eQμaHza citþR:scakeTas; . citþd*essTaMgLay KW

Gkuslcitþ 10 mindlnUvkarrYbrYmkñúgRbmaN 2 éncitþenHeT .

bu¨Enþ RBHezr;BYkxøH rYbrYmnUvGkuslcitþTaMg 10 enHpgEdr .

cMENkkñúgbTza ²semahM vItemahM³ enH bNÐitKb|IRCab

dUcteTAenH . citþEdlRbkbedayvicikicäa nig óTÆc©; 2 Rbkar

edayn&ycMeBaHrUbbuK<lbu¨eNÑaH eQμaHzacitþRbkbedayemah; .

visuTÆimK< ERb 415

‘viZIeZVIecetabriJ¦aN’ sYrza ²k*jaNenH RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVIoekIteLIgdUcemþc/³ .

eqøIyza ²eRBaHza jaNenH rEmgsMerc edayGMNacénTiBVckú¡ç

TiBVckú¡jaNenaH Cabrikmμ énbriyJ¦aNenaHÉg eRBaHehtuenaH

Pikú¡ ‘Gñk:nTiBVckú¡jaNehIyR:zñaedIm|IeZVIecetabriyJ¦aNenH

oekIteLIg’ enaH Kb|IcMerInGaelakksiN ehIyemIlnUvB(N

énQamEdlGaRs&ynUvhTyrUb rbsbuK<ldéT ehIyRbRBwtþ

eTA ehIyEsVgrknUvcitþ edayckú¡d*CaTiBV . k*esamnsScitþ Etg

RbRBwtþeTA kñúgeBlNaç kñúgeBlenaH elahit manB(NRkhm

RbEhlKñanwgEpøéRCTMuç kñúgeBlNa eTamnsScitþ RbRBwtþeTAç kñúg

eBlenaH elahit manB(NexμA RbEhlKñanwgEpøRBIgTMu . kñúg

eBlNa óebk¡acitþ RbRBwtþeTAç kñúgeBlenaH elahit manB(N

zøa RbEhlKñanwgeRbglá . eRBaHehtuenaH Pikú¡enaH kalEsVgrk

emIl nUvB(Nénelahit kñúgebHdUg rbsCndéT za ²rUbenHman

esamnsSi®nÞIy¾Casmudðan rUbenH maneTamnsSi®nÞIy¾Casmudðan

rUbenH manóebki¡®nÞIy¾Casmudðan³ dUecñHehIy Kb|IeZVInUveceta-

briyJ¦aN oCaKuNCattaMgenArwgmaM . eRBaHza kalebIeceta-

briyJ¦aNenaH taMgenArwgbuwg yagenHehIyç RBHeyaKIenaH dwg

nUvkamavcrcitþ rU:vcrcitþ nig GrU:vcrcitþ TaMgGs edaylMdab´

rMkilnUvcitþ cakcitþ sUm|Iev[rcakkareXIjnUvhTyrUbk*eday .

smdUcBaküEdlelakeBalehIy kñúgGdðkza za ²sYrza RBH

eyaKI GñkcgedIm|IdwgnUvcitþ énCndéT kñúgGarub|CÄan eXIjnUv

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visuTÆimK< ERb 417

EtsUm|IGkuslcitþTaMg12 Rbkar k*bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²citþRbkb

edayemah;³ eRBaHemah;manenARBm kñúgGkuslTaMgBYg . citþ

d*ess eQμaHza citþR:scakemah; ‘vItemahcitþ’ .

cMENkcitþEdlRbRBwtþeTAtamzInmiTÆ; eQμaHza citþrujra .

citþEdlRbRBwtþeTAtamóTÆc©; eQμaHza citþraymay .

citþEdlCarU:vcr nig GrU:vcr eQμaHza citþEdldl nUv

PaBCaZM ‘mhK<tcitþ’ . citþd*ess eQμaHza citþmindlnUvPaB

CaZM ‘GmhK<tcitþ’ .

citþEdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgPUmi 3 TaMgGs´ eQμaHza citþEdlman

Zm(RbesIrCag ‘sótþrcitþ’ . citþEdlCaelakutþr; eQμaHza citþ

EdlminmanZm(RbesIrCag ‘Gnutþrcitþ .

citþEdldlnUvóbcar; nig citþEdldlnUvGb|na eQμaHza

citþtaMgenAmaM ‘smaZicitþ’ . citþEdlminTan´:ndlTaMgBIryag

eQμaHza citþ mintaMgenAmaM ‘GsmaZicitþ’ .

citþEdldlnUvtTg<vimutþi vik¡mÖnvimutþi smuecäTvimutþi bdibsSTÆi

vimutþi nig nisSrNvimutþi eQμaHza citþrYcRsLH ‘vimutcitþ’ . citþ

EdlminTan:ndlvimutþiTaMg 5 Rbkarnu@H bNÐitKb|IRCabza citþ

EdlminTanrYcRsLH ‘Gvimutþcitþ’ .

Pikú¡Gñk:necetabriyJ¦aN rEmgdwgc|as nUvcitþRKby¨ag

za ²citþenH CacitþmanraK; ß .l. ßza citþenH CacitþminrYc

RsLH³ edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

ecetabriyJ¦aNkza cbehIy .

418 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

‘bueBVnivasanusStiJ¦aNkza’ ‘251’ kñúgbueBVnivasanusStiJ¦aNkza manGZib|ayza ;

bTza ²bueBVnivasanusStiJ¦aNay³ esckþIza jaNNa kñúg

bueBVnivasanusSti ‘RBHeyaKI begÁancitþeTA’ edIm|ICaRbeyaCn¾

dljaNenaH . Baküza ²bueBVnivasa³ esckþIza xnÆEdlxøÜn

GaRs&yehIykñuúgkalmunKWkúñgGtItCatiTaMgLay. bTza ²nivudða³ esckþIza xnÆEdlxøÜnRKb´RKgehIy KWEdlxøÜnesayehIy KWza

EdlekItehIyrlteTAvijkñúgsnþanrbsxøÜnç mYyeT[t Zm(Edl

xøÜnenAGaRs&yehIy k*eQμaHza nivudða . esckþIza ²Zm(TaMgLay

EdlxøÜnenAGaRs&yehIy edaykiriyaenAGaRs&yCaeKacr Edl

kMNtdwg edayviJ¦aNrbs´xøÜnç mYyeT[t sUm|IkMNtdwgc|as´

ehIy edayviJ¦aN rbsbuK<ldéT kñúgkalTaMgLaymankal

CaTInwkrlwk nUvbuK<lmaneRK]gvilvldacehIyCaedIm k*eQμaH

za nivudða . cMeBaHRBHBuTÆTaMgLayEtmüag Etg:nnUvnivudðZm(TaMg

LayenaH .

bTza ²bueBVnivasanusSti³ esckþIza Pikú¡rlwker]y> nUvxnÆ

EdlxøÜnGaRs&yehIykñúgkalmun edaystiNaç stienaH eQμaH

za bueBVnivasanusSti . Baküza ²jaN³ KWjaNEdlsm|yutþ

ehIy edaystienaH . edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dlbueBVnivasanusSti-

jaNenH dUceBalmkenHÉg . GZib|ayza ²edIm|Ii:nsMerc KW

edIm|Idl´nUvjaNenH edaybueBVnivasanusStiJ¦aN³ .

bTza ²GenkvihitM³ esckþIza manEbbeRcInyag müageT[t

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

420 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

elakTaMgenaH minGacedIm|IElgnUvlMdabehIyrlwkedayGMNac

éncuti nwg bdisnÆi:neT . eRBaHkarcuHkanRbeTsEdlxøÜnR:zña

ehIy minman dlBYktiræiyTaMgenaHEdldUcCamnusSxVak . mYy

eT[t mnusSxVakTaMgLay minecalnUveQIRctesaHehIyedIreTA

y¨agNamijç BYktiræiyTaMgenaH minecalnUvlMdabénxnÆBit eTIb

rlwk:n k*y¨agenaHEdr . RBHbktisav&kTaMgLayrlwk:ntam

lMdabxnÆxøH rMkilcUl:nedayGMNacéncutinwgbdisnÆixøH . RBH

GsItimhasav&kTaMgLay k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . cMENkÉRBHGK<

sav&kTaMgBIr kic©edaylMdabénxnÆ minmaneT . RBHGK<sav&kTaMg

BIrGg<enaH rMkilehIyeTA edayGMNacéncuti nwg bdisnÆihñwgÉg

y¨agenH KW ²elakeXIjnUvcuti rbsGtþPaBmYy ehIyeXIj nUv

bdisnÆi eXIjcutirbsGtþPaBdéTeT[tehIyeXIjnUvbdisnÆiç RBH

bec©kBuTÆTaMgLay k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . cMENkRBHBuTÆTaMgLay

kic©edaylMdabénxnÆ minmanesaHeLIyç kic©edaykarrMkilcUl

edayGMNacéncuti nwg bdisnÆi k*minmanesaHeLIy . EmnBit

RBHBuTÆTaMgLay R:zñanUvTINa> xageRkamkþI xagelIkþI kñúgekadi

énkb|TaMgLayd*eRcInç TIenaH> CaTIR:kdEmnBitdlRBHBuTÆTaMg

LayenaHç eRBaHehtuenaH RBHBuTÆTaMgenaH RTgbMRBYjehIyR:zña

nUvTINa> Gsekadiénkb|TaMgLay sUm|IminEtmYy dUcbMRBYj

nUv:lImanGtæKWxøÜnrkSaTuk ehIyk*rMkilcUleTAkñúgTIenaH> Etmþg

EtgyageTA edayGMNacénkiriyaQancuHdUcCastVsIh; . k*

kalRBHBuTÆTaMgLayenaHRTgesþcyageTAyagdUecñaHç RBHjaN

visuTÆimK< ERb 419

esckþIza oRbRBwtþeTA KWEdlelakBN(naehIy edayRbkar

d*eRcIn . bTza ²bueBVnivasM³ :ndl xnÆsnþanEdlxøÜnGaRs&y

ehIy kñúgPBenaH> cabtaMgBIPBEdlCaGtItd*CitbMput . bTza

²GnusSti³ KW rlwkeTAtamehIy> edayGMNaclMdabénxnÆ ß

edayGMNacéncuti nig bdisnÆi .

‘buK<l 6 BYk rlwk:nnUvbueBVnivas’’ k*CnTaMgLay 6 BYk KW tiræiyTaMgLay bktisav&kTaMg

Lay mhasav&kTaMgLay GK<sav&kTaMgLay RBHbec©kBuTÆ

TaMgLay RBHBuTÆTaMgLay rlwker]y> nUvbueBVnivasenH:n .

bNþaCnTaMg 6 BYkenaH tiræiyTaMgLay rlwk:nEt 40

kb|eT . elIsGMBIenaH rlwkmin:neLIy . eRBaHehtuGVI/ .

eRBaHtiræiyTaMgenaHmanR:C\aTn´exSay . EmnBit bJ¦a rbsBYk

tiræiyTaMgenaHCabJ¦aTnexSay eRBaHPav;énbJ¦aCaKuNCatR:s

ehIy cakkarkMNtnUvnam nig rUb . RBHbktisav&kTaMgLay

rlwk:n 100 kb|xøH 1ç000 kb|xøH eRBaHCaGñkmanbJ¦ad*xøaMg

køa . RBHGsItimhasav&kTaMgLayrlwk:nGsmYyEsnkb| .

RBHGK<sav&kTaMgBIrGg< rlwk:nGsmYyGseg¡yü nwgmYyEsn

kb| . RBHbec©kBuTÆTaMgLay rlwk:nGsBIrGseg¡yünwgmYy

Esnkb| . eRBaHGPinIharrbsRBHbec©kBuTÆTaMgenaHmanRbmaN

bu¨eNÑH . EtsMrabRBHBuTÆTaMgLay minmankMNteLIy .

‘rlwk:nepSgKña’ mYyeT[t tiræiyTaMgLay rlwk:nEtlMdabénxnÆbu¨eNÑaH .

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 421

rbs´RBHGg< rEmgmineTIsTak mineXø{gXøat kñúgCatiTaMgLayCa

cenøaH> kalmineTIsTak mineXø{gXøat k*rEmgRTgcabyknUvTI

EdlRBHGg<RTgR:zñaehIy > EmnBit eQμaHza eRb[bdUcCakUn

srEdlxμan´ZñÚR:kdesμIedayRBHeBaZistVeQμaHsrPg<; GñksÞat

CMnajkñúgkar:jnUveramcamrIeZVIehIy :jeTAehIy mineTIs

Tak kñúgTITaMgLaymaneQInigvløiCaedIm kñúgcenøaH rEmgZøakkñúg

TICaTIkMNtEmnBit mineTIsTak minPøatxus dUecñaHÉg .

‘eRb[bGanuPaBénjaN’ k*ÉkñúgCnTaMgLay EdlrlwknUvbueBVnivas:nTaMgenH kar

eXIjnUvbueBVnivaséntiræiyTaMgLay rEmgR:kdeLIg RbEhlKña

nwgBnøWénstVGMBilGMEBkç kareXIjnUvbueBVnivasrbsbktisav&k

TaMgLay RbEhlKñanwgBnøWRbTIbç rbsRBHmhasav&kTaMgLay

RbEhlKñanwgBnøWKbePøIgç rbsRBHGK<sav&kTaMgLay RbEhl

KñanwgBnøWénp,ayRBwkç rbsRBHbec©kBuTÆTaMgLay RbEhlKñanwg

BnøWRBHc&nÞç rbs´RBHBuTÆTaMgLay rEmgR:kdeLIg RbEhlKña

nwgBnøWénmNÐlénRBHGaTitümYyBan´ kñúgrdUvR:Mg EdlRbdab´

ehIyedayBan´énrsμI .

Ékarrlwker]y>nUvbueBVnivas éntiræiyTaMgLay Cakarrlwk

eXIj dUcCakareZVIdMeNIreTA tamcugéneQIRct rbsmnusSxVak´

TaMgLay . rbsRBHbktisav&kTaMgLay dUcCakareZVIdMeNIreTA

tams¬anedayeQIRct . rbsRBHmhasav&kTaMgLay dUcCakar

eZVIdMeNIreTAtams¬an edayCg<g . rbsRBHGK<sav&kTaMgLay

422 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

dUcCakareZVIdMeNIreTAtams¬an edayreTH . rbsRBHbec©kBuTÆ

TaMgLay dUcCakareZVIdMeNIreTAtampøÚv edaysμgeCIgd*ZMç rbs´

RBHBuTÆTaMgLay dUcCakareZVIdMeNIreTAtampøÚvreTHd*ZM .

EtkñúgGZikarenH karrlwker]y>nUvbueBVnivas rbssav&k

TaMgLay KWx\úMsMEdgehIy . eRBaHehtuenaH :nCax\úMeBalehIy

za ; bTza ²GnusSti³ KW rlwkeTAtamehIy > edayGMNacén

lMdabénxnÆ ß edayGMNacéncuti nig bdisnÆi dUecñHÉg .

‘viZIeZVIbueBVnivasanusSti’ eRBaHehtuenaH Pikú¡CaGaTikmμik; GñkR:zñaedIm|Irlwker]y>

y¨agenH RtLbmkGMBIbiNÐ:RtvijehIy kñúgkalCaxageRkay

énP&tþ eTAkñúgTIsáat eKcecjGMBIBYkehIysmáMenA cUlkan´Qan

TaMg 4 edaylMdab ecjcakctutæCÄanmanGPiJ¦aCaTItaMgehIy

Kb|IBicarNabg<úy eRkayeKbgÁs . bnÞabBIenaH Kb|IBicarNa

kic©EdlxøÜneZVIehIy Gsyb nig ézáTaMgmUl edaylMdabRcas

‘bdielam’ yagdUecñH KW ²karRkalGasn; karcUlkanGasn;

karer[bcMnUv:RtnigcIBr eBlevlaqan´ eBlmkGMBIRsuk eBl

RtaceTAkñúgRsuk edIm|IbiNÐ:Rt eBlcUleTAkanRsuk edIm|I

biNÐ:Rt eBlecjmkGMBIvtþ eBlzVaybgM<nUvRBHlanénectiy

nigRBHlanénRBHeBaZiRBwkS eBllagnUv:Rt eBlTTYlnUv:Rt

kic©EdlxøÜneZVIehIy GMBIkarTTYl:Rt rhUtdlkarlubmux kic©

EdlxøÜneZVIehIy kñúgkalCaTIkMcatbgnUvggwt kic©EdlxøÜneZVI

ehIy kñúgmCÄimyam kic©EdlxøÜneZVIehIy kñúgbfmyam .

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 423

k*Ékic©manRbmaNbu¨eNÑH Cakic©R:kd dlcitþCaRbRktI

hñwgÉg nwg:nCakic©R:kd hakbIdUcCaéRkeBk dlsmaZicitþ

kñuúgbrikmμEtmþg . EtzaRbsinebI kñúgkic©TaMgnu@H kic©tictYc Cakic©

minR:kdeTç RBHeyaKI RtUvcUlQanCaTItaMg ecjehIy Kb|I

BicarNamþgeT[t . edayehtumanRbmaNbu¨eNÑH kic©TaMgGs´

Cakic©R:kd dUcCa ‘kñúgeBlggwt’ kalebIRbTIbeqHehIy GVI>

k*R:kd dUecñaHEdr .

RBHeyaKI Kb|IBicarNakic©EdlxøÜneZVIehIy edaybdielam

hñwgÉg yagenHKW kúñgézáTI2 xøH kñúgézáTI3 TI4 nig TI 5 xøH kñúg

10 ézáxøH kñúgknøHExxøH kñúg 1 ExxøH rhUtdl 1 qñaMxøH . eday

ó:yenHÉg RBHeyaKI kalBicarNa Gs 10 qñaM 20 qñaM dUecñH

CaedIm rhUtdlbdisnÆi rbs´xøÜn kñúgPBenH Kb|IBicarNanamrUb

EdlRbRBwtþeTAehIy kñúgxN;éncuti kñúgPBmun . EmnBit Pikú¡

CabNÐit EtglμmRKan´edIm|IebIknUvbdisnÆi ehIyeZVInUvnamrUb kñúg

xN;éncuti oCaGarm μN¾ edayvar;CadMbUgEtmþg . bu¨EnþnamrUb

kñúgPBmun rltehIy minmanesssl namrUbdéT ekIteLIg

ehIy eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH TIenaH CaTIecalnamrUb

EdldasCitxagelI dUcCaTIggwtRbEhlbuK<lxVak EdlbuK<l

minmanR:C\a kRmnwgeXIj:n . eTaHCadUecñaH Pikú¡enaHk*minKb|I

eZVIkare:HbgnUvZur; edayKitza ²GatμaGj minGacedIm|IebIk nUv

bdisnÆi ehIyeZVInUvnamrUb EdlRbRBwtþeTA kñúgxN;éncuti oCa

GarmμN¾:n³ dUecñHeT . Etza Pikú¡Kb|IcUlQanCaTItaMgenaHÉg

424 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

o:ner]y> . ehIyecjGMBIQanenaHehIy k*Kb|IBicarNa

TIenaHcuH . eRBaHza RBHeyaKI kaleZVIy¨agenaH ecjGMBIQan

CaTItaMg ehIyminBicarNa nUvQanEdlxøÜnBicarNaehIy kñúg

kalmun ehIyBicarNanUvbdisnÆiEtmüag ebIkehIy nUvbdisnÆi

GskalminyUrbu¨n μanhñwgÉg Kb|IeZVInUvnamrUbEdlRbRBwtþeTA kñúg

xN;éncutioCaGarmμN¾ eQμaHza eRb[bdUcCabursGñkmankMLaMg

katnUvedImeQIZM edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dlehaCagénbus|úkç kalebI

muxbUvezAEqbehIyç kalminGacedIm|IkatnUvedImeQIZM:n k*min

eZIVnUvkare:HbgecalnUvZur;eLIy ehIyeTAkaneragCag oCag

eZIVbUvezAomutehIy k*RtLbmkvijkatmþgeT[tç kalebIbUvezA

EqbmþgeT[tç k*oCageZVIdUecñaHÉg ehIykatsaCazμIç bursenaH

kalkaty¨agenH minyUrbu¨n μaneLIy k*Kb|IpþÜledImeQIZM:nEmn

Bit eRBaHeQIEdlxøÜnkatehIy minEmnCarbsEdlKb|Ikat mþg

eT[t nig eRBaHkatnUveQIEdlminTan´:nkatehIy dUecñaHÉg .

esckþIenH bNÐitKb|IsMEdg edayer]gTaMgLay maner]g

buK<lGñkBuHós nig CagkatskCaedImk*:nEdr .

‘kardwgkñúgbueBVnivasJ¦aN’ kñúgkic©TaMgenaH jaN EdleZVI ‘kic©’ cabepþImGMBIbg<úycug

eRkay rhUtdlbdisnÆi oCaGarmμN¾ehIy RbRBwtþeTA min:n

eQμaHza bueBVnivasJ¦aNeT . k*bu¨Enþ jaNenaH maneQμaHza

brikmμsmaZiJ¦aN ‘jaNEdlRbkbCamYynwgbrikmμsmaZi’ .

GacarüBYkxøH ehAza GtItMsJ¦aN ‘jaNCaeRK]gdwgnUvcMENk

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 425

EdlknøgeTAehIy’³ dUecñHk*man . Bakü ‘rbsGacarüBYkxøH’enaH

minRtUveT eRBaH ‘GtItMsJ¦aN’ sMedAykrU:vcr . ‘cMENkÉ

brikmμsmaZiJ¦aN Cakamavcr’ .

k*kñúgeBlNa menaTVaravC¢n; knøgnUvbdisnÆi eZVInamrUbEdl

RbRBwtþeTA kñúgxN;éncuti oCaGarmμN¾ehIyekIteLIg dlPikú¡

enH nig kalebImenaTVaravC¢n;enaH rlteTAehIy Cv&nTaMgLay

4 ß 5 eZVInUvnamrUbenaHÉg oCaGarm μN¾ehIy rEmgsÞúHeTAç

bNþaCv&nTaMgLayNa Cv&nTaMgLaymankñúgkalmun EdleQμaH

za brikmμCv&nCaedIm Cakamavcrç Cv&ncugeRkayCarU:vcr RbRBwtþ

eTAkñúgctutæCÄan CaGb|nacitþ tamn&yEdl:neBalehIy kñúg

kalmunhñwgÉgç kñúgeBlenaH jaNNa ekIteLIg dlPikú¡enaH

CamYynwgcitþenaH jaNenH eQμaHza bueBVnivasanusStiJ¦aN .

Pikú¡enaH rlwker]y> nUvbueBVnivas manEbbeRcInyag edaysti

Edlsm|yutþehIy edayjaNenaH . manEbbeRcInyag etI

dUcemþcxøH/ . KWPikú¡ rlwker]y> nUvbueBVnivas manEbbeRcInyag

RBmTaMgGakar; RBmTaMgóeTÞs rhUtkaldUecñH KW mYyCatik*man

BIrCatik*man .l. ³ dUecñHÉg .

‘Gtæn&yénCati nig kb|’ ‘252’ kñúg:f;TaMgenaH Baküza ²Ékm|i Catw³ esckþIza

xnÆsnþanmYy manbdisnÆiCaxagedIm mancutiCaTIbMput rabbJ©Úl

ehIykñúgPBmYyk*man . sUm|IkñúgBaküza ²eTVbi Catieya³ dUecñH CaedIm k*n&ydUcKñaenHEdr .

426 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

‘sMvdþkb| vivdþkb|’ cMENkkñúgBaküza ²Genekbi sMvdþkeb|³ dUecñHCaedImbNÐit

Kb|IRCabdUcteTA . kb|EdlkMBugsabsUnü bNÐitKb|IRCabza

²sMvdþkb|³ kb|EdlkMBugcMerIn Kb|IRCabza ²vivdþkb|³ . bNþa

kb|TaMgBIrenaH sMvdþdðayIkb| Cakb|KWelakkMNtehIy eday

sMvdþkb| . eRBaHehtuGVI/ . eRBaHsMvdþdðayIkb| mansMvdþkb|

enaHCamUl . vivdþdðayIkb| Cakb|KWelakkMNtehIy eday

vivdþkb| . kalebImanehtuyagenH Gseg¡yükb|TaMgLayNa

EdlRBHd*manRBHPaK RTg:nRtasehIyza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay

Gseg¡yü‘kalEdlyUrrabmin:n’énkb|enHman4 . Gseg¡yü

4 KWGVIxøH/ KW sMvdþkb|ç sMvdþdðayIkb|ç vivdþkb|ç vivdþdðayIkb|³

dUecñHç ‘1’ Gseg¡yükb|TaMgLayenaH Cakb|EdlelakkMNt

ykehIy .

‘sMvdþkb|’ bNþakb|TaMgenaH sMvdþkb| manbIKt KW ; Gae:sMvdþkb|

‘kb|EdlvinasedayTwk’ eteCasMvdþkb| ‘kb|Edlvinaseday

ePøIg’ vaeyasMvdþkb| ‘kb|Edlvinasedayxül’ .

‘RBMEdnénesckþIvinas’ RBMEdnénesckþIvinas k*man 3 KW RBhμelakCan´GaPsSra

Can´suPkiNØa Canevhböla . kñúgkalEdlkb|vinas eday

ePøIg ‘elak’RtUvePøIgeqH xageRkamGMBIGaPsSraRBhμ . kñúgkal

1- suÇ GMÇ KaKTI 43 TMB&rTI 2 .

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 427

Edlkb|vinasedayTwk ‘elak’ rlayedayTwk BÆd*xageRkam

suPkiNØaRBhμ . kñúgkalEdlkb|vinas edayxül ‘elak’

x©atx©ay edayxül BÆd*xageRkamevhbölaRBhμ . EtebIeBal

edayBisþar BuTÆek¡tþmYy Etgvinas sBVkalEdr .

‘BuTÆek¡tþ 3’ eQμaHza BuTÆek¡tþ man 3 yagKW Catiek¡tþ 1ç GaNaextþ 1ç

visyek¡tþ 1 . bNþaBuTÆek¡tþTaMgbIenaH Catiek¡tþ CaextþmanmYy

muWncRkvaLCaTIbMput CaextþCaTIkMerIkjabj&r kñúgehtuGs©arü

TaMgLay mankarcabbdisnÆiCaedIm énRBHtzaKt . GaNaextþ

manEsnekadicRkvaLCaTIbMput KWCaextþEdlGanuPaB énRBHbritþ

TaMgLayenH KW rtnbritþ xnÆbritþ ZCK<britþ Gadanadiybritþ nig

emarbritþ RbRBwtþeTA . visyek¡tþ CaextþminmanTIbMput minman

RbmaNEdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtasza ²ßza tzaKtKb|IR:zña

dlRtwmNak*:n ‘1’ ³ dUecñHCaedIm CaextþEdlRBHtzaKtR:zña

nUvehtuNa> k*RTgRCabnUvehtuenaH> .

kñúgBuTÆek¡tþTaMgLay 3 enH dUceBalmkenH extþmYy KW

GaNaextþ Etgvinas . EtzakalebIGaNaextþenaHvinasç sUm|I

Catiek¡tþ k*CaextþvinaseTApgEdr . k*BuTÆek¡tþTaMg 2 enaH kal

vinas k*Etgvinas kñúgTICamYyKñaEdr . sUm|IkaltaMgenA k*taMg

enA kñúgTICamYyKñaEdr . esckþIvinas nig kartaMgenA énBuTÆek¡tþ

enaH bNÐitKb|IRCab dUcteTAenH ;

1- suÇ GMÇ KaKTI 41 TMB&rTI 315 .

428 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

‘eteCasMvdþkb|’ esckþIza kñúgsm&yEdlkb|vinasedayePøIg . ePø{gZMjúaMg

kb|ovinas taMgeLIg cabtaMgGMBIedImhñwgÉg bgÁúrePø{gmYyemZM

GsmYyEsnekadicRkvaL . mnusSTaMgLay eRtkGrehIy naM

ykBUCRKby¨ageTAsabeRBaH . bu¨Enþ luHsnÞÚgTaMgLayduH:n

lμmeKasIu:nehIyç mhaemXenaH k*ERskRKhwm dUcCasERmk

énstVla minbgÁúrcuHnUvTwkePø{gsUm|ImYytMNkeLIy . kñúgkal

enaH ePø{gdacRsLHehIy . EmnBit RBHmanRBHPaK RTgsMedA

ykePø{gdacsUnüenH eTIbRTgRtas´za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay man

sm&yEdlePø{gminbgÁúrcuH GseRcInqñaM eRcInryqñaM eRcInBanqñaM

eRcInEsnqñaM ‘1’³ dUecñH . stVTaMgLayEdlrsenAGaRs&yTwk

ePø{g eZVIkalkiriyaehIyeTAekIt kñúgRBhμelakç BYkeTvta Edl

rs´enAeRBaHGaRs&ynUvp,aeQI nig EpøeQI cutiehIyk*eTAekIt kúñg

RBhμelakEdr . kalebIeBlevlad*Evg knøgeTA edaykardac´

ePø{gyagenH TwkkñúgTIenaH> k*dl´nUvkarGs´rlIg . RKaenaH RtI

nigGeNþIkTaMgLay k*søabedaylMdab eTAekItkñúgRBhμelakxøH

sUm|IstVnrkTaMgLay søabehIy k*eTAekItkñúgRBhμelakEdr .

GacarüBYkxøH eBalza ²bNþastVTaMgenaH BYkstVnrk vinas

eRBaHPav;énkarR:kdeLIg énRBHGaTitü TI7 ³ dUecñH k*man .

sYrza ²karekIt kñúgRBhμelak ev[rcakQan minmaneTç k*

bNþastVTaMgenaH stVTaMgLayBYkxøH RtUvesckþIGtXøaneb[t

1- suÇ GMÇ KaKTI 47 TMB&rTI 184 .

ពទ�ធកស

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េមរ

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រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 429

eb[nehIy stVBYkxøHCastVGP&B cakkar:nQanç stVTaMgenaH

eTAekIt kñúgRBhμelakenaH yagdUcemþcekIt/³ dUecñH . eqøIyza

²stVTaMgenaH eTAekIt kñúgRBhμelak:n edayGMNacQanEdl

xøÜn:nehIykñúgeTvelak³ . EmnBit kñúgkalenaH BYkkamavcr

eTvta eQμaHzaCaGñkek[rKrnUvstVelak dwgza ²GMNwHteTA mYy

EsnqñaM nwgmankarRbl&ykb|³ dUecñH manPñÜgskrbUtehIy man

skrMsayehIy manmuxERskyM ykédCUtTwkEPñk esø{ksMBt´

B(NRkhm CaGñkRTRTgnUvePTénbuK<ld*cMELkéRkeBk Rtac´eTA

kñúgpøÚvmnusS RbkasR:b yagenHza ²mñalGñkniTu(k¡TaMgLay>

GMNwHmYyEsnqñaM GMBIqñaMenHeTA nwgmankarRbl&ykb|ç elakenH

nwgvinas sUm|ImhasmuRT k*nwgrIgsáÜtç mhaRbwzBI nig PñMsienru

raC k*nwgRtUvePøIgeqHeLIg nwgvinaseTAç esckþIvinas nwgman

drabdlRBh μelakç mñalGñkniT(uk¡TaMgLayeGIy GñkTaMgLay

cUrcMerInnUvemtþa mñalGñkniTu(k¡TaMgLayeGIy GñkTaMgLay cUr

cMerInnUvkruNa cUrcMerInnUvmuTita cUrcMerInnUvóebk¡a cUrGñkTaMgLay

beRmInUvmata cUrbeRmInUvbita GñkTaMgLaycUrCaGñkmankarRbRBwtþi

eRkatERkgdlbuK<lCac|gkñúgRtkUl³ dUecñH . mnusSTaMgLay

nigPumμeTvtaTaMgLay edayeRcIn manesckþItksøútd*ZMekIteLIg

ehIy eRBaH:nsþabnUvBakü rbskamavcreTvtaTaMgenaH CaGñk

mancitþeTarTn´eTAvijeTAmkrkKña eZVIbuNüTaMgLay manemtþaCa

edIm ‘søabeTA’ k*rEmgeTAekIt kñúgRBhμelak . eTvtaTaMgenaH

esaynUvsuZaePaCn¾d*CaTiBVehIy eZVIbrikmμkñúgvaeyaksiN eTIb

430 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

:nnUvQan kñúgeTvelakenaH . cMENkstVTaMgLay déTGMBI

G:yikstVenaH ekItkñúgeTvelak edaykmμEdlxøÜnKb|Iesay

t> Kña . EmnBit eQμaHzastVEdlGenÞalkñúgsMsar EdlR:s

cakkmμEdlxøÜnKb|IesayCabnþbnÞab minmaneT . sUm|IstVTaMg

enaH k*:ncMeBaHnUvQan kñúgeTvelakenaH dUcKñaEdr . stVTaMg

LaysUm|ITaMgBYg k*eTAekIt kñúgRBhμelak:n edayGMNacén

QanEdlxøÜn:nehIy kñúgeTvelak edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

‘ ekItRBHGaTitü 7 ’ mYyeT[t bnÞabGMBIkarraMgePø{g edayGMNwHkald*Evg RBH

GaTitü TI2 k*ekItR:kdeLIg . smdUcCaRBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´

Rtas´za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay sm&yenaHman³ dUecñHCaedIm . RBH

GaTitü TI7 bNÐitKb|IsMEdg oBisþarcuH . luHdl´RBHGaTitü

TI2 enaH ekItR:kdehIyç karkMNtnUveBlyb´ k*minR:kd

karkMNtnUveBlézá k*minR:kdEdr . RBHGaTitümYy rHeLIg .

RBHGaTitümYy lic:teTA . elak mankMedAmkGMBIRBHGaTitü

mindacesaH . k*suriyeTvbuRt man kñúgRBHGaTitüCaRbRktI y¨ag

Naç kñúgRBHGaTitüEdljúaMgkb|ovinas minmansuriyeTvbuRt

y¨agenaHeT . kñúgRBHGaTitüTaMg 2 enaH kalebIRBHGaTitü Ca

RbRktI kMBugRbRBwtþeTAç BBkkþI GNþatePøIgkþI EtgRtaceTA BÆd*

Gakas . kalebIRBHGaTitüEdljúaMgkb|ovinas RbRBwtþeTAç

épÞénGakas manEpSg nigBBkeTAR:sehIy CaépÞPøWRsLH dUc

CamNÐlénkJ©k . elIkElgEtsÞwgZMTaMg 5 ecj TwkkñúgTI

ពទ�ធកស

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432 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

Lay mankMBUlx¬s 100 eyaCn¾CaedIm k*relH:tsUnüehIy

BÆd*GakasenaHÉg . GNþatePøIgenaH qabeLIgcabykeTvelak

Can´catumμharaCika . GNþatePøIgenaHeqHnUvvimanmas vimanrtn;

nig vimanEkvmNITaMgLay kñúgeTvelak CancatumμharaCikaenaH

ehIy k*cabykPBtavtþwgS . edayó:yenHÉg GNþatePøIg

ralcabyk rhUtdl ‘RBhμelak’ Can´bfmCÄanPUmi . GNþat

ePøIgenaH eqHnUvRBhμelakTaMg 3 kñúgbfmCÄanPUmienaHGsehIy

TlGaPsSraRBhμ eTIbQb . sg¡ar sUm|Id*lÁit mandrabNaç

GNþatePøIgenaH k*minrlt drabenaH . k*eRBaHGseTAénsg¡ar

TaMgBYg GNþatePøIgenaH eTIbrlteTA minoessslGVI> sUm|I

EtepH dUcCaGNþatePøIgEdleqHnUvTwkedaHzøa nigeRbgdUecñaHÉg .

GakasxagelI RBmTaMgGakasxageRkam k*ekItggwtd*ZMEtmYy .

‘ry;eBlEdlvinas’ bnÞabBIenaHmk edayGMNwHeTAénkald*Evg mhaemXtaMg

eLIgehIy CadMbUg k*bgÁúrcuHnUvePø{gd*lÁit kaljúaMgePø{goZøak

cuH edayT-TwkTaMgLay bu¨nTgQUk bu¨neQIRct bu¨nGERg nig

bu¨nedImetñatCaedIm edaylMdab júaMgTIEdlePøIgeqHehIyTaMg

Gs kñúgEsnekadicRkvaL oeBjehIy eTIb:teTA . xül´

RTnUvTwkenaH xageRkampg xagTTwgpg eZVIoeTACadMu . TwkenaH

mUl RbEhlKñanwgdMNkTwk elIsøwkQUk .

ebImanBaküecaTsYrza ²xül´ eZVInUvKMnrénTwkd*ZMdlemø¨aH o

CadMu:n yagdUcemþc/³ . Kb|IeqøIyza ²eZVI:n eRBaHTwkebIknUv

visuTÆimK< ERb 431

TaMgLay mansÞwgtUcd*essCaedIm rIgsáÜtGs .

bnÞabGMBIenaH edayGMNwHeTAénkald*Evg sÞwgZMTaMgLay

pgEdr k*rIgsáÜtGs eRBaHkarekItR:kdeLIg énRBHGaTitü TI 3

Naç RBHGaTitü TI 3 enaH k*ekItR:kdeLIg .

tGMBIenaHmkeT[t edayGMNwHeTAénkald*Evg mhaRsHTaMg

7 enH KW; RsHsIh:tn; RsHhMs:tn; RsHkNÑmuNÐk;

RsHrzkar; RsHGenatþ; RsHqnÞnþ; RsHkuNal; EdlCaRbPB

énsÞwgd*ZM kñúgéRBhimBanþ rIgsáÜtGs eRBaHkarekItR:kdeLIg

énRBHGaTitü TI 4 Naç RBHGaTitü TI 4 enaH k*ekItR:kdeLIg .

bnÞabGMBIenaHmkeT[t edayGMNwHeTAénkald*Evg TwksUm|I

RtwmEtTTwkzñaMgénRmaméd k*mindkenAkñúgmhasmuRT edaylMdab´

eRBaHkarekItR:kdeLIgénRBHGaTitü TI 5 Naç RBHGaTitü TI 5

enaH k*ekItR:kdeLIg .

bnÞabGMBIenaHmkeT[t edayGMNwHeTAénkald*Evg cRkvaL

TaMgmUlmanEpSgEtmYy manC&rRKbsg,tehIyedayEpSg eRBaH

PaBekItR:kdénRBHGaTitüTI 6 Naç RBHGaTitüTI 6 enaH ekIt

R:kdeLIg . k*cRkvaLenH yagNaç sUm|IEsnekadicRkvaL

k*y¨agenaHEdr .

bnÞabGMBIenaHmkeT[t edayGMNwHeTAénkald*Evg cRkvaL

TaMgmUl CacRkvaLmanGNþatePøIgEtmYy CamYynwgEsnekadi

cRkvaLTaMgLay eRBaHPaBR:kdeLIg énRBHGaTitü TI 7 Naç

RBHGaTitü TI 7 enaH ekItR:kdeLIg . sUm|IkMBUlPñMsienruTaMg

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visuTÆimK< ERb 433

Rbehago³ . EmnBit TwkenaHonUvRbehag dlxülenaH kñúgTI

enaH> . TwkenaH RtUvxülRbmUlpþMú eZVIoeTACadMu yagenaH k*Gs´

eTA hYtcuHeTAxageRkam edaylMdab . kalebITwkhYtcuHehIy>

RBhμelak k*ekItR:kdeLIg kñúgkEnøgEdlZøabCaRBhμelak nig

eTvelakTaMgLay k*ekIteLIgR:kd kñúgkEnøgEdlZøabCakama-

vcreTvelak 4 Can BÆd*xagelI . Etza kalebITwkhYtcuHehIy

mkdlTIEdlZøabCaEpndImkBImunç xüld*mankMLaMgk*ekIteLIg .

xüld*mankMLaMgenaH EtgsÞHTuknUvTwkenaH eZVIminoRCYtRCab:n

dUcTwkEdlfitenAkñúgZmμRkk EdlbuK<lbiTmatCitehIydUecñaH .

TwkmanrsEpÁm dlnUvkarGs´eTA júaMgEpndImanrs BÆd*xagelI

oekIteLIgRBm . EpndImanrsenaH CavtæúEdldlRBmehIy

edayB(N nig dlRBmedaykøin nig rs dUcCaxÞiH BÆd*xagelI

én:y:yasEdlminmanTwkdUecñaHÉg .

‘GaPsSrRBh μesayrsEpndICaGahar’ k*kñúgkalenaH stVTaMgLay EdlekItmuneK kñúgGaPsSr-

RBhμelak cuti cakGaPsSrRBhμelakenaH eRBaHGsGayu ß

GsbuNü Caób:tik; EtgcUleTAekItkñúgelakenH . stVTaMg

enaH CaGñkmanrsμIPøWedayxøÜnÉg RtaceTAkñúgGakas:n . stV

TaMgenaH PøkSehIynUvEpndImanrsenaH RtUvtNØaRKbsg,tehIy

BüayamRbwgERbg edIm|IeZVIoCaBMnUtehIybriePaK tamn&yEdl

elakeBalehIy kñúgGK<J¦sURtÉeNaH . RKaenaH rsμIPøWeday

xøÜnÉg rbsstVTaMgenaHk*:teTA ggwtk*ekItman . stVTaMgenaH

434 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

eXIjnUvggwt k*P&yxøac . lMdabenaH mNÐlénRBHGaTitü TMhM

50 eyaCn¾ EdljúaMgP&y ovinasehIy begI,tnUvPaBekø{vkøa

dlstVTaMgenaH ekIteLIgR:kd . stVTaMgenaHeXIjnUvmNÐl

énRBHGaTitüenaHehIy k*mancitþeRtkGrza ²eyIgTaMgLay :n

nUvBnøWehIy³ eTIbeZVInUveQμaHénmNÐlRBHGaTitüenaHza ²suriy;³

hñwgÉg eRBaHBaküEdlstVTaMgLayenaHeBalza ²mNÐlénBnøW

d*viessEdljúaMgP&y rbs´BYkeyIgEdlP&yxøac ovinasehIy

júaMgPaBekø{vkøaoekIteLIg rHeLIgehIy eRBaHehtuenaH mNÐl

énBnøWd*viessenaH cUreQμaHsuriy;³ dUecñH .

‘ekItmanRBHc&nÞ’ lMdabenaH kalebIRBHGaTitü eZVInUvBnøW kñúgevlaézáehIy

lic:teTAç BYkstVTaMgenaH k*P&yxøacmþgeT[t edayERskyMza

²BYkeyIg:nehIynUvBnøWÉNa BnøWrbsBYkeyIgenaHÉg :n:t´

eTAehIy³ dUecñH . stVTaMgenaH EtgmanesckþIriHKit yagenHza

²Kb|ICakarRbéBNashñ@ zaebIBYkeyIgKb|I:nBnøWdéTeT[t! ³ .

mNÐlénRBHc&nÞ TMhM 49 eyaCn¾ hakdUcCadwgnUvcitþ rbsstV

TaMgenaH ekIteLIgR:kd . stVTaMgenaHeXIjnUvmNÐlénRBHc&nÞ

enaHehIy mancitþeRtkGréRkeBk hYsRbmaN k*naMKñadakeQμaH

mNÐlRBHc&nÞenaHza ²RBHc&nÞ³ dUecñHhñwgÉg eRBaHBaküEdlBYkeK

eBalehIyza ²mNÐlBnøWd*viessenH hakdUcCadwgesckþIeBj

citþ rbsBYkeyIg rHeLIgehIy eRBaHehtuenaH mNÐl énBnøW

d*viessenH cUrCaRBHc&nÞ³ dUecñH .

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រារាម

436 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

qáaj´ k*ekItR:kd . edayn&ydUcKñaenaHEdr vløid*cMerIn manrs

qáaj´enaHÉg k*GnþrZan:teTA . RsUvsalI Carbs´min:cdaM

edayós minmanknÞk minmanGg,am mankøinRkGUb manEpøCaGg,r

ekIteLIgR:kd . bnÞabmk PaCn;TaMgLayk*ekIteLIg dlstV

TaMgenaH . stVTaMgenaH dakRsUvsalI kñúgPaCn;ehIy TukelI

xñgénpÞaMgzμ . GNþatePøIg taMgeLIgedayxøÜnÉgehIy cMGinnUv

Gg,rRsUvsalIenaHÉg . Gg,renaH køayeTACa:y RbEhlKñanwg

p,amøiHrYtEmnBit . :yenaH minmankic©EdlRtUveZVI edaysmø ß

edaymØÚbeRk[meT . BYkstVTaMgenaH CaGñkR:zñaedIm|IbriePaK nUv

rsNa> :yk*manrsenaH> Etmþg .

‘mURtçkrIsçTVar nig emzun ekItman’ kalebIstVTaMgenaH briePaKnUvGahard*eRKatRKatenaH mURt

nig krIs k*ekItRBm cabedImBIkarbriePaKGaharenaH . RKaenaH

muxéndMe¶TaMgLay k*Ebkecjmk edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dlkiriyahUr

ecjnUvmURt nig krIsenaH rbsstVTaMgenaH . PaBCabursk*ekIt

R:kd dlburs ÉPaBCa®sþI k*ekItR:kd dl®sþIEdr . :n»

mkza bNþaburs nig®sþITaMgenaH ®sþIsMLwgemIlburs nig burs

sMLwgemIl®sþI hYskMNt . karRkhlRkhayeRBaHkam ekIt

man dlstVTaMgenaH eRBaHkarsMLwgemIlhYskMNtCabc©&y .

bnÞabBIenaHmk stVTaMgenaH k*esBnUvemzunZmμ . eRBaHkaresB

nUvGsTÆmμCabc©&y BYkeKTaMgenaH RtUvBYkviJ¦ÚCn tiHed[l eb[t

eb[n eZVInUvpÞHTaMgLay eRBaHehtuénkarbiT:MgnUvGsTÆmμenaH .

visuTÆimK< ERb 435

‘ekItmannk¡tþb\kS’

kalebIRBHc&nÞnigRBHGaTitü ekIteLIgR:kdyagdUecñHehIyç

nk¡tþb\kS ‘p,ay’ TaMgLay k*ekIteLIgR:kd . cabtaMgGMBI

enaHmk yb nig ézá k*ekItR:kd nig Ex knøHEx rdUv nig qñaM

TaMgLay k*ekItR:kd edaylMdab .

mYyeT[t kñúgézáEdlRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü ekIteLIgR:kd

nu@HÉg PñMsienru PñMcRkvaL nig PñMhimBanþ k*ekIteLIgR:kd . k*É

PñMTaMg 3 enaH ekIteLIgR:kd kñúgézáeBjbUN(mI Expl<úN Emn

Bit minmunmineRkayKñaeLIy . sYrza eRBaHehtuGVI/ . eqøIyza

kalebI:yénGg,rez¬A EdleKcMGin taMgeLIgnUvBBuHTaMgLay

edaydMNalKñaEtmþgç RbeTsTaMgLayBYkmYy CaBMnUk> BYk

mYyCaTMnab> BYkmYyrabesμI> yagNamijç RbeTsTaMgenaH

kñúgTIx¬s> ekItCaPñMTaMgLayç kñúgTITMnab> KWCasmuRTTaMgLayç

kñúgTIrabesμI> KWeTACaTIVbTaMgLay k*y¨agenaHÉg .

‘Gahard*RbNItk*:t´eTA’ RKaenaH kalebIstVTaMgenaH briePaKnUvEpndImanrsç stV

BYkxøH mansm|úrlÁ stVBYkxøH mansm|úrGaRkk edaylMdab .

bNþastVTaMgenaH BYkstVmansm|úrlÁ EtgemIlgaynUvBYkstV

Edlmansm|úrGaRkk . EpndImanrsenaHÉg k*GnþrZan:teTA

eRBaHbc©&yénGtimanH ‘karRbkanéRkeBk’ énstVTaMgLayenaH .

RkmrEpndI ekItR:kd . bnÞabmk edayn&yenaHÉg sUm|IRkmr

EpndIenaH rbsBYkeK k*GnþrZan:teTAEdr . vliød*cMerInmanrs

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visuTÆimK< ERb 437

‘ekItmanGTinñaTan’ stVTaMgLayenaH enARKb´RKgpÞH dlnUvTidðanuKti énstVGñk

RbkbedayCatiCaGñkx¢ilRcGUsNamYy eTIbeZVIkarsnSM eday

lMdab . cabepþImGMBIeBlenaHmk TaMgknÞkTaMgGg,am rYbrwtnUv

Gg,r . sUm|ITIEdleKRcUtehIyk*minRtLbduHeLIgvijEdr . stV

TaMgenaH Gg<úyRbCMuKña dkdegØImZMza ²mñalKñaeyIgTaMgLay Z(m

TaMgLayd*lamk ekItR:kd kñúgstVTaMgLayehIyhñ@ç EmnBit

kñúgkalmun BYkeyIgCastVekItedayQancitþ‘menamy;’³ dUecñH

CaedIm . BaküTaMgBYg bNÐitKb|IsMEdgoBisþar tamn&yEdl

elakeBalehIy kñúgGK<J¦sURtcuH ‘1’ . tBIenaHmk stVTaMg

enaH eTIber[bcMPøWERs‘RBMEdn’ . RKaenaH stVdéTeT[t kanyk

nUvcMENk rbsstVmYyeT[t EdleKmin:noehIy . stVTaMg

enaH pþasanUvstVenaH Gsvar;BIrdg kñúgelIkTIbI k*Rbhareday

eRK]gRbharTaMgLay man:téd dMudI nig dMbgCaedIm .

‘ekItmanRBHraCadMbUg’ kalebIkarlYcRTBü kartiHed[lKña karniyaykuhk nigkar

kan´yknUvdMbg ekIteLIgehIyç stVTaMgenaH k*mkRbCMu RbwkSaKña

za ²ebIdUecñaHmanEtBYkeyIgKb|IsnμtnUvstVmYyrUbç kñúgcMeNam

BYkeyIg stVNa Kb|Ib®g,abnUvstVEdlxøÜnKb|Ib®g,ab Kb|ItiH

ed[l nUvstVEdlxøÜnKb|ItiHed[l Kb|IbeNþjecj nUvstVEdl

xøÜnKb|IbeNþjecj:n edayRbéBç mYyeT[t eyIgTaMgLay

1- GK<J¦sURt manenAkñúg suÇ TIÇ :Ç KaKTI 18 TMB&rTI 53 .

438 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

nwgbEnæmonUvcMENkénRsUvsalIdlstVenaH³ dUecñH. k*kalebI

stVTaMgLay eZVIkarRbCMuKñayagenHeRscehIyç RBHd*manRBHPaK

Gg<enHÉg CaRBHeBaZistV kñúgkb|enHmuneK sm&yenaH RBHGg<

CaGñkmanRBHrUblÁéRkElgCag kñúgstVTaMgLayenaH . RBHGg<

CaGñkKWbuK<lKYrKyKnCag nig CaGñkmans&kiþeRcInCag RTgdl´

edayBuTÆi RTgGacedIm|IeZVInUvkarpÞújpÞal´ nig karp<geLIg . stV

TaMgenaH k*cUleTArkRBHGg< GgVrkrehIyk*:nsn μteLIg . RBH

eBaZistVenaH R:kdehIy edayRBHnamTaMgLay 3 KW RBHnam

za ²mhasm μt;³ eRBaHCaGñkEdlmhaCnenaH snμteLIgehIyç

RBHnamza ²kS&Rt³ eRBaHRBHGg<CaGZibtICaZM elIextþTaMgLayç

RBHnamza ²raCa³ eRBaHRTg´júaMgGñkdéToeRtkGr edayRBHZm(d*

esμIKña . k*tMENgÉNaCatMENgd*Gs©arükñúgelakç RBHeBaZistV

hñwgÉg RTgCabursmuneK kñúgtMENgenaH . kalebImNÐlkSRt

elIktaMgRBHeBaZistV oCaGñkmuneK yagenHehIyç sUm|IvNÑ;

TaMgLaymanvNÑ;RBahμN¾CaedIm k*ekIteLIg edaylMdab .

‘ry;kalénGseg¡yükb|kñúgeteCasMvdþ;’ kñúgkb|TaMg 4 enaH cab´taMgGMBImhaemXEdljúaMgkb|o

vinas rhUtdlkardacRsLHénGNþatePIøg enHCaGseg¡yümYy

ehAza ²sMvdþkb|³ . cab´taMgGMBIGNþatePøIg EdljúaMgkb|o

vinas dacRsLHGseTA rhUtdlkekIt:nCamhaemX Edl

júaMgEsnekadicRkvaLoeBj enHCaGseg¡yüTI 2 elakehAza

²sMvdþdðayIkb|³ . cabtaMgGMBIkekItmhaemXmk rhUtdlkar

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រារាម

440 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

sábdrabenaHç bu¨EnþluHRKbsg,tnUvrbsEdlrab´za sg¡arTaMgBYg

EdleTAtamTwkehIy eTIbsábrmáab KWdlnUvkar:teTA yagqab

rh&sç Gakas xagelI CamYynwgGakas xageRkam k*ggwtsUnü

QwgEtmYy dUecñHÉg . BaküTaMgBYg dUcKñanwgBaküEdleBal

ehIy ‘kñúgeteCasMvdþ;’ . bu¨Enþ kñúgGae:sMvdþ;enH elakeZVInUv

GaPsSrRBh μelak oCacm|g ekIteLIgR:kd Etmüa¨g . mYy

eT[t stVTaMgLay EdlcuticakRBh μelakCansuPkiNØ; ehIy

eTAekIt kñúgTIepSg> manRBhμelakCan´GaPsSr;CaedIm .

‘ry;kalénGseg¡yükb|kñúgGae:sMvdþ;’ kñúgkb|TaMg 4 enaH taMgBImhaemXRbl&ykb| drabdl´

TwkRkutRbl&ykb|dacRsLHeTA enH CaGseg¡yümYy . taMg

GMBITwkRkutdacRsLHGs drabdlmhaemX kekIteLIg enHCa

Gseg¡yü TI2 . taMgGMBImhaemX kekIteLIg drabdlkarekIt

eLIgR:kd énRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü enHCaGseg¡yü TI3 . taMg

GMBIkarekIteLIgR:kd énRBHc&nÞnigRBHGaTitü drabdlmhaemX

júaMgkb|ovinassaCazμIeT[t enH CaGseg¡yü TI4 . ‘bUkrYm’

Gseg¡yü 4 enH Camhakb|mYy .

karvinas edayTwk nig kartaMgeLIgzμI ‘énBuTÆek¡tþ’ bNÐit

Kb|IRCab tamn&yEdl:neBalmkenHÉg .

‘vaeyasMvdþ;’ kñúgsm&yNa kb| vinas edayxül . bNÐitKb|IsMEdg

BaküTaMgBYgo:nBisþar tamn&yEdleBalehIy kñúgkalmunza

visuTÆimK< ERb 439

ekItR:kdeLIg énRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitüenH CaGseg¡yü TI3

elakoeQμaHza ²vivdþkb|³ . cabtaMgGMBIkarekItR:kdeLIg

énRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü mk rhUtdlmhaemXRbl&ykb| mþg

eT[t enHCaGseg¡yü TI4 elakehAza ²vivdþdðayIkb|³ . bYn

Gseg¡yüenH Camhakb|mYy .

karvinas edayePøIg nig kartaMgeLIgzμI ‘énBuTÆek¡tþ’ bNÐit

Kb|IRCab tamn&yEdleBalmkenH Cacm|g .

‘Gae:sMvdþ;’ ‘253’ cMENkkñúgsm&yNa kb| vinasedayTwk . bNÐit

Kb|IsMEdgoBisþar tamn&yEdleBalehIykñúgkalmunza ²taMg

EtGMBIedImmk mhaemXEdljúaMgkb|ovinas taMgeLIgehIy³

dUecñHCaedImnu@HÉg . bu¨EnþesckþIenH CaesckþIEbøkKña . mhaemX

TwkRkut EdlCaGñkRbl&ykb| kñúgGae:sMvdþ;enH taMgeLIg dUc

CaRBHGaTitü TI2 kñúgeteCasMvdþ;enaHÉg . mhaemXTwkRkutenaH

CadMbUg kalbgúÁrePø{glÁit> ZøakcuHmk k*bgúÁrcuH edayRKabePø{g

ZM edaylMdab júaMgEsnekadicRkvaLoeBj . TITaMgLayman

RbwzBInigPñMCaedIm EdlTwkRkut BalRtUvehIy> k*rlay . Twk

RtUvxülTaMgLayRTedayCMuvij . TwkcabyktaMgGMBIEpndI rhUt

dlRBhμelakCan´TutiyCÄanPUmi . TwkenaH júaMgRBhμelakTaMgbI

kñúgRBhμelakCan´TutiyCÄanPUmienaH orlayehIy taMgenA cuc

cMRBhμelakCan´suPkiNØ; . TwkEdlRbl&ykb|enaH Edldl

nUvkarrabza sg¡ar sUm|IRtwmEttUcqμar manenA drabNaç k*min

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រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 441

²taMgEtGMBIedImmk mhaemXEdljúaMgkb|ovinas taMgeLIg

ehIy³ dUecñHCaedImnu@HÉg . EtesckþIenHCaesckþIEbøkKña . xül´

taMgeLIgRBm edIm|IRbl&ykb| kñúgvaeyasMvdþ;enH eRb[bdUcCa

RBHGaTitü TI2 kñúgeteCasMvdþ;enaHÉg . xülenaH CadMbUg júaMg

ZUlIeRKIm otaMgeLIg bnÞabmk k*júaMgZUlIlÁitotaMgeLIg júaMg

xSaclÁit júaMgxSaceRKIm júaMgvtæúTaMgLaymanRkYs nig zμCaedIm

otaMgeLIg dUecñH drabdljúaMgzμTMhMbu¨npÞHkMBUl nig edImeQIZM

EdlfitenA kñúgTIeKak otaMgeLIg . vtæúTaMgLayenaH eLIgBIdI

eTAkanGakas EtminZøakmkeT[teT . vtúæTaMgenaHrlay:texÞc

xÞIGs kñúgGakasenaHEtmþg . lMdabenaH xültaMgeLIgehIy

BÆd*xageRkaménmhaRbwzBI júaMgEpndIoRtLb :seCIgeLIgeTA

xagelIehIye:HeTABÆd*Gakas . bMENkmYy> énEpndIRbmaN

100 eyaCn¾ k*man RbmaN 200 eyaCn¾ 300ç 400ç nig

RbmaN 500 eyaCn¾k*man :nEbkx©ayehIy RtUvkMLaMgxül

bkeLIg ehIylÁitexÞcxÞIrlay:tGsBÆd*GakasdUcKña . sUm|I

PñMcRkvaL sUm|IPñMsienru k*xül´bkeLIgeTAelIehIye:HeTA BÆd*

GakasEdr . PñMTaMgBIrenaH bHTg<icnUvKñanwgKñaehIy k*lÁitexÞcxÞI

rlay:tGs . xülenaH kaljúaMgviman énPumμdðkeTvtaTaMg

Lay nig vimanGakasdðkeTvtaTaMgLay ovinas edayó:y

dUcKñaenaHÉg eZVInUvkamavcreTvelak 6 Can ovinasehIy eTIb

júaMgEsnekadicRkvaL ovinas . PñMcRkvaLCamYynwgPñMcRkvaL

PñMhimBanþ CamYynwgPñMhimBanþ PñMsienru CamYynwgPñMsienru TaMg

442 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

Lay kñúgEsnekadicRkvaLenaH bHTg<icClKñanwgKñaehIy k*eTA

CalÁitexÞcxÞI vinasGseTA . xülcabyk taMgGMBIEpndIeLIgeTA

drabdlRBh μelakCanttiyCÄanPUmi . xülnu@H júaMgRBhμelak

bICan´ kñúgttiyCÄanPUmienaH ovinasehIy k*taMgenAcucykRBh μ

elakCanevhböl; . xülenaH júaMgvtæúEdlrabzasg¡arTaMgBYg

ovinas yagenHehIy k*vinasxøÜnÉgeTApgEdr . Gakas BÆd*

xagelI CamYynwgGakasBÆd*xageRkam k*ggwtsUnüQwgEtmYy .

BaküTaMgBYg dUcKñanwgBaküEdleBalehIy ‘kñúgeteCasMvdþ;’ .

bu¨Enþ kñúgvaeyasMvdþ;enH elak rabBIsuPkiNØRBhμelak CaedIm

eTA k*ekItR:kd . cMENkÉstVTaMgLay cuti cakRBhμelak

Can´evhböl;ehIy k*eTAekIt kñúgTITaMgLay manRBhμelak Can´

suPkiNØ;CaedIm .

‘ry;kalénGseg¡yükb|kñúgvaeyasMvdþ;’ kñúgkb|TaMg 4 enaH taMgBImhaemXjúaMgkb|ovinas drab

dlxüljúaMgkb|ovinasdacRsLHeTA enH CaGseg¡yümYy .

taMgBIdacRsLH:txüleTA drabdlmhaemXkekIt ‘ePø{gZMCa

eRK]gsMerc’ enHCaGseg¡yü TI2ç taMgBImhaemXkekIt drab

dlkarekIteLIgR:kd énRBHc&nÞnigRBHGaTitü enHCaGseg¡yü

TI3ç taMgBIkarekIteLIgR:kd énRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü drabdl´

mhaemXjúaMgkb|ovinasmþgeT[t enHCaGseg¡yü TI4 . bYn

Gseg¡yüenH Camhakb|mYy .

karvinas edayxül nig kartaMgeLIgsaCazμI ‘énBuTÆek¡tþ’

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444 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

minEtmYyxøH . rlwk:n edayRbkardUcemþc/ . rlwk:neday

n&yza ²GmuRtasw³ dUecñHCaedIm .

kñúg:f;enaH Baküza ²GmuRtasw³ esckþIza kñúgsMvdþkb|

ÉeNaHkþI kñúgPBÉeNaHkþI kñúgkMeNItÉeNaHkþI kñuúgKtiÉeNaHkþI

kñúgviJ¦aNdðiti ÉeNaHkþI kñúgstþavas ÉeNaHkþI kñúgstþnikay

ÉeNaHkþI xúM\:nekItehIy . Baküza ²ÉvMnaema³ KW xú\MeQμaHtisS;

ß busS; . Baküza ²ÉvMeKaetþa³ KW x\úMCakc©ayneKaRt ß ksSb

eKaRt . BaküTaMgBIrenH RBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtasehIy eday

GMNacénkarrlwkeXIjnUveQμaH nig eKaRt rbsxøÜn kñúgPBEdl

knøgeTAehIy rbsPiikú¡enaH . RbsinNaebI Pikú¡CaGñkR:zñaedIm|I

rlwkeXIj nUvkardlRBmedayB(Nsm|úrkþI nUvPav;énxøÜnCaGñk

rs´enAezakTab ß ézøzøakþI nUvPaBCaGñkmanesckþIsux ß Tuk¡ d*

Rkas´ERklkþI nUvPav;énxøÜnCaGñkmanGayuEvg ß GayuxøIkþI rbs

xøÜn kñúgkalenaH Pikú¡enaH rEmgrlwkeXIj nUvkMeNItTaMgenaH:n

EmnBit . eRBaHehtuenaH :nCaRBHd*manRBHPaK RTgRtasza

²manB(Nsm|úryagenH .l. mankMNtkalénGayuy¨agenH³

dUecñHCaedIm .

kñuúg:f;TaMgenaH Baküza ²ÉvMveNÑa³ KW CaGñkmansm|úr-s

ß mansm|úrex μA . Baküza ²Évmahaera³KW CaGñkman:yénGg,r

RsUvsalIEdlpSMedaysac ß manEpøeQIRbRBwtþeTACaePaCn .

Baküza ²ÉvM suxTuk¡b|disMevTI³ esckþIza CaGñkesaynUvsux

nigTuk¡EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgkay nig citþ ß manvtæúEdlRbkbeday

visuTÆimK< ERb 443

bNÐitKb|IRCab tamn&yEdl:neBalmkehIyenaHÉg .

‘elakvinasedayGkuslmUlCaehtu’ ‘254’ sYrza ²elakvinasyagenHeRBaHehtuGVI/³. eqøIIyza

²eRBaHGkuslmUlCaehtu³ . EmnBit kalebIGkuslmUl duH

daleLIgehIyç elak Etgvinas yagenH . k*elakenaH kal

ebIraK; RkasCag k*vinas edayePøIgç kalebIeTas; RkasCag

vinas edayTwk . bu¨EnþGacarüBYkxøH eBalza ²kalebIeTas;

Rkas´Cag elak vinasedayePøIgç kalebIraK; RkasCag vinas

edayTwk³ dUecñH . kalebIemah; RkasCag vinasedayxül .

k*Éelak kalvinasyagenH vinas edayePøIg Gs 7 ézá

minmancenøaHeLIyç kñúgézá TI8 eTIbvinas edayTwkç vinas eday

ePøIg Gs 7 ézá kñúgézá TI8 vinas edayTwk mþgeT[t edayn&y

enHÉg elak kalvinas kñúgézáCaKRmb 8 > yagenH vinas

edayTwk Gsvar; 7 dg vinasedayePøIg Gs 7 ézá mþgeT[t .

edaykalmanRbmaNbu¨eNÑH 63 kb| :nknøgeTAehIy . kñúg

cenøaH 63 kb|enaH xülEdlTb nUvézáEdlnwgvinas edayTwk

sUm|ImkdlehIy :nnUvOkasehIy k*kMcatkMcaynUvsuPkiNØ

RBhμEdlmanGayu 64 kb|eBjbribUr júaMgelakovinas:n .

‘Ek:lIEdlsMEdgGakar;rlwk’ k*Pikú¡ Gñkrlwk:n Gskb|TaMgLay sUm|IkalrlwkeXIj

nUvbueBVnivas kñúgcMeNamkb|TaMgenaH EtgrlwkeXIj GssMvdþ-

kb| minEtmYyxøH Gsvivdþkb| minEtmYyxøH GssMvdþvivdþkb|

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រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 445

Gamis nig minmanGamisCaedImCaRbePT edayGenkb|kar .

Baküza ²Évmayubriyenþa³ KWmankMNtGayuRbmaN 100 qñaM ß

manGayudleTA 84ç000 kb| yagenH . Baküza ²esa teta cueta GmuRt óT:Tw³ esckþIza mYyeT[t Gat μaGjenaH cuti

cakPB ß cakkMeNIt cakKti cakviJ¦aNdðiti cakstþavas

cakstþnikayenaH ehIyekIt kñúgPB ß kñúgkMeNIt kñúgKti kñúg

viJ¦aNdðiti kñúgstþavas kñúgstþnikay eQμaHÉeNaH . Baküza

²tRta:sw³ esckþIza bnÞabmk sUm|IkñúgPB ß kñúgkMeNIt kñúg

Kti kñúgviJ¦aNdðiti kñúgstþavas kñúgstþnikayenaH GatμaGj

k*:nekItehIy mþgeT[t . Baküza ²ÉvMnaema³ dUecñHCaedIm k*

mann&ydUc:neBalmkehIyhñwgÉg .

n&ymYyeT[t Baküza ²GmuRtasw³ enH CaBakürlwkeXIj

tamR:zñarbsPikú¡enaH GñkcuHkan´karrlwk tamlMdab . Bakü

za ²esa teta cueta³ enH CaBaküBicarNa rbsPikú¡Edlnwk

RtLbmkvij eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH Baküza ²GmuRt óT:sw³ enH bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²CaBakü KWRBHmanRBHPaK RTg

sMedAyk nUvTICaTIekIténPikú¡enaH CalMdab énkarekIt kñúgPBenH

hñwgÉg RtasehIykñúgbTza ²eTAekItehIy kñúgPBenH³ dUecñH .

cMENkBaküza ²tRta:sw³ dUecñH yagenHCaedIm KWRBHmanRBH

PaK RTgRtasehIy edIm|IsMEdgnUvkarrlwker]y> nUveQμaH nig

eKaRtCaedIm kñúgTICaTIcUleTAekIt minmancenøaH énkarcUleTAekIt

enH kñúgPBenaHénPikú¡nu@H . Baküza ²esa teta cueta «Zubbenña³

446 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

esckþIza GatμaGjenaH cüútcakTIenaH KW cakTICaTIcUleTAekIt

minmancenøaH ehIy:nekIt kñúgTIenH KWkñuúgRtkUlkSRt ß kñúg

RtkUlRBhμN¾eQμaHÉeNaH .

Baküza ²«ti³ KW ÉvM ERbza edayRbkardUceBalmkenH .

Baküza ²sakarM sóeTÞsM³ esckþIza nUvbueBVnivas EdleQμaH

za RbRBwtþeTAmYyGenIøedayóeTÞs edayGMNacnam nig eKaRtç

eQμaHza RbRBwtþeTAmYyGenøIedayGakar; edayGMNacB(Nsm|úr

CaedIm . EmnBit edaynamnigeKaRt stV KWelaksMEdgeLIgza

²tisS; ksSb;³ dUecñHCaedIm . edayRbkarepSg> manB(N

sm|úrCaedIm stV RtUveKdwg:n edayepSgKñaza ²mnusSRsÉm

mnusSs³ dUecñH . eRBaHehtuenaH namnigeKaRt eQμaHzaóeTÞsç

ehtuTaMgLayepSgBIenH eQμaHzaGakar; . Baküza ²GenkvihitM bueBVnivasM GnusSrti³ enHsuTÆEtCaBakümanesckþIgayyleT .

bueBVnivasanusStiJ¦aNkza cb´ehIy .

v v v

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448 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

edayGMNacénZm(CaeRK]genAdUcCaTiBV nig eRBaHCaTIGaRs&ynUv

Zm(CaeRK]genAdUcCaTiBV rbsxøÜnpg . jaNckú¡ eQμaHza CaTiBV

eRBaHmanBnøWPøWxøaMg edaykarkMNtnUvGaelakksiNpg . eQμaH

za CaTiBV eRBaHmandMeNIreTAxøaMg edaykareXIjnUvrUb EdltaMg

enA kñúgTImanxageRkACJ¢aMgCaedIm:npg . Baküza ²TiBV³ TaMg

GsenaH bNÐiKb|IRCab tamTMngénKm¬IrsMrabEks&BÞÉeNaHcuH .

jaNenaHeQ μaHza ckú¡ eRBaHGtæza eXIj mYyeT[t eQμaH

za ckú¡ eRBaHdUcCaEPñk ehtueZVIkic©énEPñk .

jaNckú¡enaH eQμaHza sÁatEbøk eRBaHPav;énjaNenaH

mankarsÁatedayviessKWTidðiCaehtu eRBaHkiriyaeXIjnUvkarcüúti

nigkarcUleTAekIt . eRBaHza buK<lNa eXIjRtwmEtcutibu¨eNÑaH

mineXIjnUvkarcUleTAekIt buK<lenaH EtgRbkanykóecäTTidði .

buK<lNa eXIjnUvRtwmEtkarcUleTAekItbu¨eNÑaH mineXIjnUvcuti

buK<lenaH EtgRbkan´ykssStTidði eRBaHkarekIteLIgR:kd én

stVzμI . cMENkbuK<lNaeXIjnUvcuti nig karcUleTAekItTaMgBIr

enaH buK<lenaH eRBaHehtuEdlrMlgputnUvTidðiTaMgBIryagenaH:n

eTIbkareXIjenaH rbsbuK<lenaH CaehtuénTidðivisuTÆi . cMENkÉ

Pikú¡BuTÆbuRtTaMgLay EtgeXIjnUvcuti nig ób:tTaMgBIrenHBit .

eRBaHehtuenaH :nCax\úMeBalza ²jaNckú¡enaH eQμaHza sÁat

Ebøk eRBaHCaehtuénTidðivisuTÆi eRBaHkareXIjTaMgcutiTaMgób:t³ .

jaNckú¡enaH bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²eQμaHza knøgnUvckú¡Carbs

mnusS eRBaHeXIjnUvrUbknøgóbcar; rbsmnusS:n ß eQμaHza

visuTÆimK< ERb 447

cutUb:tJ¦aNkza

‘255’ bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþI kñúgkarBN(nanUvjaN kñúg

karcüút nig karcUleTAekIt énstVTaMgLay dUcteTAenH .

‘EkGtæ:lIkñúgcutUb:tJ¦aN’ Baküza ²cutUb:tJ¦aNay³ esckþIza edIm|Idwgkñúgkarcüút

nig kñúgkarcUleTAekIt . manGZib|ayza ²karcüút nig karcUl

eTAekIt énstVTaMgLay KWRBHmanRBHPaKRTgRCab edayjaN

ÉNaç edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dljaNenaH KWedIm|IRbeyaCn¾dlTiBVckú¡

jaN³ . Baküza ²citþM GPinIhrti GPinienñaemti³ esckþIza Pikú¡

enaH begÁanbrikmμcitþeTA nigbJ¢ÚnbrikmμcitþeTA . Baküza ²esa³ KWPikú¡GñkmankarbegÁancitþeTA :neZVIehIyenaH . cMENkkñúgBakü

TaMgLaymanBaküza ²TieBVn³ dUecñHCaedIm manGZib|aydUcteTA

‘TiBVckú¡’ ckú¡ eQμaHza TiBV eRBaHPav;énckú¡enaHdUcCarbs´TiBV . Emn

Bit bsaTckú¡ rbseTvtaTaMgLay CaZmμCatekItGMBIsucritkm μ

KWeTasTaMgLay manRbmat esøsμ nig QamCaedIm minraMgsÞH

ehIy GacTTYlnUvGarmμN¾ sUm|IkñúgTIqáay:n eRBaHPav;énTiBV

ckú¡enaH rYcRsLHehIycakeRK]gesAh μg eTIbeQμaHzaCaTiBV . k*

sUm|IjaNckú¡ EdlekItGMBIkMLaMg énvIriyPavnaenH k*R:kddUc

CabsaTckú¡enaHEdr eRBaHehtuenaH jaNckú¡enaH eTIbeQμaHza

TiBV eRBaHPav;énjaNckú¡enaH R:kdesμIdUcCaTiBV . jaNckú¡

enaH eQμaHza TiBV eRBaHPav;énjaNenaH KWPikú¡:ncMeBaHehIy

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 449

knøgnUvckú¡Carbs´mnusS eRBaHPav;énjaNenaH knøgnUvmMsckú¡

EdlCarbsénmnusS . edayTiBVckú¡ d*brisuTÆsÁat knøgnUvckú¡Ca

rbs´mnusSenaH .

Baküza ²setþ bsSti³ KW Pikú¡RkeLkemIlnUvstVTaMgLay

dUcCaeKemIleXIj edaymMsckú¡EdlCarbsmnusS . kñúgBIr

bTza ²cvmaen óbbC¢maen³ enaH manGZib|ayza ; kñúgxN;

éncutikþI kñuúgxN;énóbbtþikþI GñkNamYyminGacedIm|IeXIj eday

TiBVckú¡:neT . cMENkstVTaMgLayNa CaGñkmancutiCit nwg

cüút kñúgeBl«LÚvenH eRBaHehtuenaH stVTaMgLayenaH RBHman

RBHPaK RTgsMEdgehIyza ²kMBugcüút³ dUecñHç cMENkÉstVTaMg

LayÉNa EdlcabbdisnÆiehIy ekItehIy Gm|ajmijenH

eRBaHehtuenaH stVTaMgLayenaH RBHd*manRBHPaK RTgsMEdg

ehIyza ²kMBugcUleTAekIt³ . RBHmanRBHPaKRTgsMEdgza ²Pikú¡

enaHeXIj nUvstVTaMgLayenaH EdlkMBugcüút nig kMBugcUleTA

ekIt mansPaBEbbenH³ dUecñH .

Baküza ²hIen³ esckþIza eQμaHzaRtUveKeb[teb[nehIy KW

eb[teb[nRCulehIy lamehIy lamejasehIy edayGMNac

énehtuTaMgLay manCatiRtkUl nig ePaK; CaedIm EdleQμaHza

Tabezak eRBaHRbkbedayplénemah; . Baküza ²bNIet³ KW

eQμaHzapÞúyGMBIezakTabenaH eRBaHRbkbedayplénGemah; .

Baküza ²suveNѳ KW eQμaHza RbkbehIyedaysm|úrCaTIR:zña

CaTIrIkray nig CaTIeBjcitþ eRBaHRbkbedayplénGeTas; .

450 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

Baküza ²TuBVeNѳ KW eQμaHza Rbkbedaysm|úrminCaTIR:zña

minCaTIrIkray nig minCaTIeBjcitþ eRBaHRbkbedaypléneTas;

GZib|ayza ²manrUbminlÁepSgBIrUbsmrmü³ . Baküza ²suKet³ KWdlehIynUvKtilÁ ß KWza CaGñksþúksþmÖ CaGñkmanRTBüeRcIn

eRBaHRbkbedayplénGelaP; . Baküza ²TuK<et³ KW dlnUv

TuKti ß TIT&lRk KWza man:ynigTwktic eRBaHRbkbedaypl

énelaP; . Baküza ²yzakmμúbeK³ KW kmμNa> EdlxøÜnsnSM

TukehIy cUldlehIy edaykmμenaH> .

‘yzakm μúbKJ¦aN’ ‘256’ kñúgbTTaMgenaH kic©énTiBVckú¡ RBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´

Rtas´ehIy edaybTxagedImTaMgLay manbTza ²cvmaen³ dUecñHCaedIm . cMENkkic©ényzakmμúbKJ¦aN ‘jaNdwgza stV

cUldlKtitamkmμrbs´xøÜn’ KWRBHGg<RTgRtasehIy edaybT

‘yzakm μúbeK’enH . k*enHCalMdabénkarekIteLIgénjaNenaH .

Pikú¡ kñúgsasnaenH cMerInGaelakksiN omanmuxeq¬aHeTA

kan´nrk BÆd*xageRkam rEmgeXIjnUvstVTaMgLay EdlekItkñúg

nrk EdlkMBugEtesaynUvesckþITuk¡d*ZMç kareXIjenaH RKan´Et

Cakic© énTiBVckú¡bu¨eNÑaHÉg . Pikú¡enaH eZVITukkñúgcitþ yagenHza

²stVTaMgLayenH eZVInUvkmμGVIhñ@ :nCaesaynUvesckþITuk¡enH³ .

lMdabenaH jaNEdlmankmμenaHCaGarm μN¾ k*ekIteLIg dlPikú¡

enaHza ²stVTaMgenH esaynUvmhaTuk¡enH eRBaHeZVIkmμeQμaHenH³

dUecñH . n&ydUcKñaenaH Pikú¡ cMerInGaelakksiNomanmuxeq¬aHeTA

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

452 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

vinas CaGñkriHKn´ GZib|ayza CaGñkeCr CaGñktiHed[l nUvRBH

Griy; KW RBHBuTÆ RBHbec©kBuTÆ nig RBHsav&kTaMgLay eday

ehaceTAsUm|IRBHesatabnñCaRKhsæTaMgLay edayGnþimvtæú ß

edaykarkMcatKuN . kñúgGakar;TaMg 2 enaH buK<lGñkeBalza

²smNZm( rbs´buK<lTaMgLayenH minmaneTç buK<lTaMgenHmin

EmnCasmN;eT³ dUecñH Kb|IRCabza ²tiHed[l edayGnþimvtæú³ .

buK<lkaleBal nUvBaküTaMgLaymanBaküza ²QankþI viemak¡kþI

mK<kþI plkþI rbs´buK<lTaMgLayenHminmaneT³ dUecñHCaedIm Kb|I

RCabza ²eBaltiHed[ledayGMNacénkarkMcatKuN³ . k*buK<l

GñktiHed[lenaH kaldwg eBaltiHed[lkþI kalmindwg k*eBaltiH

ed[lnUvRBHGriy;kþIç ‘kartiHed[lenH’ CakartiHed[l nUvGriy;

edayRbkarTaMgBIrEmnBit . kartiHed[lRBHGriy;enH Cakmμd*Zán´

XatsYK(pg XatmK<pg RbEhlKñanwgGnnþriykmμEdr bu¨EnþCakmμ

EdlenAEk:n . edIm|IbMPøW nUvkmμKWkartiHed[l nUvRBHGriy;enaH

o:nc|aslas bNÐitKb|IRCaber]genH dUcteTA .

‘er]gPikú¡kMeLaHtiHed[lRBHGriy;’ :n»mkza RBHezr;mYyGg< nig Pikú¡kMeLaHmYyGg< RtaceTA

biNÐ:Rt kñúgRsukmYy . elakTaMg 2 Gg<enaH :nnUvbbrekþA

RtwmEtmYye:y kñúgpÞHCadMbUghñwgÉg . ÉcMeBaHRBHezr; xül´

kñuúgeBaH catedat . RBHezr;enaH Kitza ²bbrenH CaTIsb|ay

dlGatμaGjç bbrenH minTanRtCak drabNa GatμaGjnwghut

nUvbbrenaH drabenaH³ dUecñH . elakKghutbbr elIkMNateQI

visuTÆimK< ERb 451

kan´eTvelak BÆd*xagelI rEmgeXIjnUvstVTaMgLay EdlkMBug

Etesaysm|tþid*eRcIn kñúgTiBVvimanTaMgLay mannnÞv&n misSkv&n

nig :ruskv&nCaedImç sUm|IkareXIjenaH k*RKan´EtCakic©énTiBVckú¡

hñwgÉg . Pikú¡enaH eZVITukkñúgcitþ yagenHza ²stVTaMgLayenH

eZVInUvkmμGVIhñ@ eTIbesaynUvsm|tþienH³ . lMdabenaH jaNEdl

mankmμenaHCaGarm μN¾ k*ekIteLIg dlPikú¡enaHza ²stVTaMgenH

esaynUvsm|tþienH eRBaHeZVInUvkmμeQμaHenH³ dUecñH . jaNKWkar

dwgenH eQμaHza yzakmμúbKJ¦aN . eQμaHza brikmμepSg min

mandljaNenHeT . k*brikmμepSg énjaNenH minman y¨ag

Naç sUm|IGnaKtMsJ¦aN k*minman brikmμepSg yagenaHEdr .

eRBaHza jaNEdlmanTiBVckú¡CaTItaMgTaMgLayhñwgÉg rEmg

sMerc:n CamYynwgTiBVckú¡enHEmnBit .

‘Tuc©rit’ kñúgbTTaMgLaymanbTza ²kayTuc©rietn³ dUecñHCaedIm man

GZib|ayza ; karRbRBwtþiGaRkk ß karRbRBwtþi RtUveTasRbTUsþ

ehIy eRBaHCakarRbRBwtþiEdlsÁúyedaykiels eRBaHehtuenaH

eTIbeQμaHza Tuc©rit . karRbRBwtþiGaRkkedaykay ß karRbRBwtþi

GaRkk EdlekIteLIgehIy tampøÚvkay ehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza

kayTuc©rit . n&y sUm|IkñúgbTTaMgLayeRkAenH k*n&yenHEdr .

bTza ²smnñaKta³ CaGñkRbkbRBmehIy .

‘GriyubvaT’ Baküza ²GriyanM óbvaTka³ esckþIza CaGñkR:zñanUvesckþI

ពទ�ធកស

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វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 453

EdlbuK<lTaMgLay naMmkehIy edIm|IRbeyaCn¾ dlZrNITVar .

Pikú¡kMeLaHeRkAenH k*xñaj´cMeBaHRBHezr;enaH eBalza ²elakta

cas´ eRskXøanxøaMgkøaNas eTIb:neZVInUvkmμEdlKYrx μaseG[n

dlGtμaGj³ . RBHezr; RtaceTA kñúgRsukehIy k*nimnþeTAvtþ

eBaleTAkanPikú¡kMeLaHza ²mñalGavuesa TIBwg kñúgRBHsasnaenH

rbs´Gñk manEdrßeT/³ . Pikú¡kMeLaHTUlza ²RBHkruNa RBHKuN

m©as x\úMRBHkruNa CaesatþabnñbuK<l³ . RBHezr;eBalza ²mñal

Gavuesa ebIdUecñaH GñkkMu:neZVIehIy nUvesckþIBüayam edIm|ImK<

BÆd*xagelIeLIy³ . Pikú¡kMeLaH TUlsYrza ²eRBaHehtuGVI RBHKuN

m©as/³ . RBHezr;eBalza ²RBHxINaRsBKWGñktiHed[lehIy³.

Pikú¡kMeLaHenaH júaMgRBHezr;enaH oGteTasehIy . eRBaHkarsMu

xmaeTasenaH kmμenaH rbs´Pikú¡kMeLaHenaH k*:nCakmμtaMgenA

tamRbRktIvijehIy .

‘viZIxmaeTas’ eRBaHehtuenaH sUm|IbuK<lÉNamYy tiHed[l nUvRBHGriy;ç

buK<lGñktiHed[lenaH Kb|IeTAç zaebIelakcasCagxøÜn Kb|IGg<úy

RcehagehIy júaMgRBHGriy;oGteTasoza ²x\úM:neBalehIy

nUvBaküenHpg> cMeBaHelakd*manGayuç sUmelakm©asGtnUv

eTasenaH dl´x\úMpg³ dUecñHehIyç zaebI Pikú¡GñktiHed[lenaHekμg

Cag RtUvzVaybg<MehIyGg<úyRcehag p<gGJ¢lI júaMgRBHGriy;

oGteTasoza ²bBiRtRBHKuNm©as x\úMkruNa :neBalehIy

nUvBaküenHpg> cMeBaHRBHKuNm©as sUmRBHKuNm©as GtnUv

454 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

eTasenaH dlx\úMRBHkruNapgcuH³ .

RbsinNaebI RBHGriy; CaGñkec[secjeTAehIykan´Tis

Pikú¡GñktiHed[l Kb|IeTAedayxøÜnÉg ß bJ¢ÚnshZmμikTaMgLay

mansTÆiviharikCaedImeTA ehIyKb|IjúaMgRBHGriy;oGteTasoç

Etza RbsinebIPikú¡GñktiHed[l CaGñkminGacedIm|IeTA TaMgminGac

edIm|IbJ¢ÚneTAeTç RtUveTAkan´sMNakénPikú¡TaMgLay EdlKgenA

kñuúgvtþenaHç zaebI Pikú¡TaMgenaH CaGñkekμgCagç Kb|IGg<úyRcehagç

zaebIPikú¡TaMgenaHCaGñkcasCagç Kb|IRbtibtþi tamn&yEdlelak

eBalehIy kñúgvuD¿buK<lnu@HÉg ehIyKb|IeBal suMxmaeTasza

²bBiRtRBHKuNm©as x\úM:neBalehIy nUvBaküenHpg> cMeBaH

elakd*manGayueQμaHÉeNaH sUmelakd*manGayuGg<enaH Gt

nUveTasenaHdlx\úMpg³ dUecñH . kalebIRBHGriy;minGteTaso

kñúgTIcMeBaHmuxeTç Pikú¡GñktiHed[l Kb|IeZVIkarjúaMgPikú¡TaMgenaH o

GteTasenaHoEmnBit .

RbsinNaebI RBHGriy;enaH CaPikú¡GñkRtaceTAEtmñakÉgç TI

kEnøgEdlelakKgenA k*minR:kd TIEdlelakeTA k*minR:kdç

Pikú¡GñktiHed[l Kb|IeTAkan´sMNak énPikú¡CabNÐitmYyrUb ehIy

Kb|IeBalza ²bBiRtRBHKuNm©as x\úM:neBal nUvBaküenHpg>

cMeBaHelak d*manGayueQμaHÉeNaHç kalx\úMrlwkeXIjnUvBakü

enaHer]y> EtgmanesckþIsþayeRkay etIx\úMnwgeZVIdUcemþceTA/³ .

Pikú¡CabNÐitenaH nwgeBalza ²elakm©as kMuKiteLIyç RBHezr;

nwgGteTasodlelakm©asç sUmelakm©aseZVIcitþosábcuH³ .

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

េមរ

វត�ខេម

រារាម

456 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

Gnnþriykm μEmnBit . BitEmn sUm|IRBHd*manRBHPaK k*RTg:n

Rtas´RBHtRmasenH za ²mñalsarIbuRt Pikú¡ bribUN(edaysIl

ehIy bribUN(edaysmaZiehIy bribUN(edaybJ¦aehIy Kb|I

sMercGrhtþpl kñúgbc©úb|nñenHÉg y¨agNamijç mñalsarIbuRt

tzaKt eBalnUvehtu ‘énkarminlHbgnUvvacaCaedIm rbsbuK<l

enaH’ za manóbemyüRbEhlKñayagenaHEdr . buK<lenaHebImin

lHbgnUvvacaenaHeT minlHbgnUvcitþenaHeT minlHbgnUvTidði

enaHeT nwgZøakeTArgTuk¡ kñúgrnk dUcCaeKnaMykeTATmøak yag

dUecñaHÉg ‘1’ ³ . mYyeT[t eTasdéT eQμaHzamaneTasZMCag

micäaTidði minmaneLIy . smdUcCaRBHmanRBHPaK RTgRtasza

²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay tzaKtrMBwgemIlmineXIjZm(déT sUm|IEtZ(m

mYyEdlmaneTasZMy¨agenH dUcmicäaTidðienHeLIy Pikú¡TaMgLay .

mñalPikú¡TaMgLay eTasTaMgLay manEtmicaTidðiCaeTaséRkElg

‘2’ ³ dUecñHÉg . ‘G:y TuK<ti vini:t niry;’

Baküza ²eRBaHkarEbkZøayénragkay³ KW eRBaHlHbgnUv

ó:Tinñk¡nÆ . Baküza ²bnÞabGMBIesckþIsøabeTA³ KWkñúgkarkanyk

nUvxnÆ EdlekItehIy kñúglMdab énó:Tinñk¡nÆenaH . müageT[t

Baküza ²eRBaHkarEbkZøayénragkay³ KW eRBaHkiriyakatpþacnUv

CIviti®nÞIy¾ . Baküza ²bnÞabGMBIesckþIsøabeTA³ KWkñúgxagelI GMBI

cuticitþeTA .

1- suÇ mÇ KaKTI 20 TMB&rTI 271 . 2- GMÇ ÉkÇ PaKTI 40 TMB&r 76 .

visuTÆimK< ERb 455

ÉPikú¡GñktiHed[lRBHGriy;enaH RtUvEbrmuxeq¬aHeTAkan´TisEdlRBH

Griy;nimnþeTAehIy p<gnUvGJ¢lIehIy Kb|IeBalza ²sUmRBH

Griy;enaHGteTasopg³ .

RbsinNaebI RBHGriy;enaH CaGñkbriniBVaneTAehIyç Pikú¡

GñktiHed[lenaH Kb|IeTAkan´kEnøgERKEdlelakbriniBVan ßk* eTA

kan´TIRtwmEtéRBsμsan ehIyKb|IsMuxmaeTas .

kalebIPikú¡GñktiHed[leZVI ‘karsMuxmaeTas’ yagenHehIyç

kmμenaH min:nXatsYK( min:nXatmK<eT KWCakmμtaMgenAtam

RbRktIvijhñwgÉg edayRbkardUecñH .

‘micäaTidði’ ‘257’ buK<lGñkmankaryleXIjvibrit eQμaHza Gñkman

esckþIyleXIjxus . buK<lTaMgLayNa CaGñkmankm μman

EbbepSg> smaTanehIy edayGMNacénkaryleXIjxuspg

júaMgCnTaMgLayÉeT[t> odlRBm kñúgkmμTaMgLay mankay

kmμCaedIm EdlmankarylxusCab\sKlpg buK<lTaMgLay

enaH eQμaHza CaGñkmankmμsmaTan edayGMNacénmicäaTidði .

k*kñúgGriyubvaT nig micäaTidðienH sUm|IkalebIGriyubvaT KW

elakse®g<aHehIy edays&BÞKWvcITuc©rithñwgÉg nig kalebImicäa

Tidði KWelakse®g<aHehIy edaymenaTuc©rits&BÞk*edayç Etkar

Rtas´nUvbTTaMgBIrenH bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²edIm|IRTgsMEdgnUvPav;

énGriyubvaT nig micäaTidðienaH maneTaseRcIn³ . BitEmnehIy

GriyubvaT eQμaHza maneTaseRcIn eRBaHCaeTasRbEhlKñanwg

ពទ�ធកស

មាគមខ

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វត�ខេម

រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 457

Baküza ²G:y³ y¨agenHdUecñHCaedIm TaMgGsCaBaküpøas´

bþÚrnwgBaküza nrk hñwgÉg .

EmnBit niry; eQμaHzaG:y eRBaHR:sehIy cakesckþI

cMerIn EdlsnμtehIyza buNüEdlCaehtuénsY(K nig niBVan ß

za eRBaHminmanesckþIcMerIn énesckþIsuxTaMgLay .

niry; eQμaHza CaTuK<ti eRBaHCadMeNIr KWCaTIGaRs&y én

esckþITuk¡ . müageT[t eQμaHza TuK<ti eRBaHCadMeNIr EdlekIt

ehIy edaykmμEdleQμaHza GaRkk eRBaHPav;énkmμenaHeRcIn

edayeTas; .

niry; eQμaHza vini:t eRBaHCaTIZøakcuHeTA edayminman

GMNacénbuK<lGñkeZVInUvesckþIGaRkkTaMgLay . müa¨gvijeT[t

eQμaHza vini:t eRBaHCaTIZøakcuHeTA yagvinas KWmanGvyv;tUc

ZM EbkZøay ‘énbuK<lGñkeZVIGaRkkTaMgLay’ dUecñHk*:n .

Gay; ‘esckþIcMerIn’ EdlsMKalehIyzaesckþIeRtkGr min

mankñúgTIenaH eRBaHehtuenaH TIenaH eTIbeQμaHza niry; .

n&ymYyeT[t RBHmanRBHPaK RTgsMEdgnUvkMeNIt énstV

tircäan edayG:ys&BÞ . EmnBit kMeNIt énstVtircäanTaMg

Lay eQμaHzaG:y eRBaHR:scaksuKtiç EtmineQμaHza TuK<ti

eRBaHCaTIekItRBménstVtircäanTaMgLay Edlmans&kiþZMmanesþc

naKCaedIm .

RBHmanRBHPaK RTgsMEdgnUveRbtvis&y edayTuK<tis&BÞ .

EmnBit eRbtvis&yenaH eQμaHza G:ypgEmnBit eQμaHza

458 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

TuK<tipg eRBaHR:scaksuKti nig eRBaHCadMeNIrénesckþITuk¡ .

EtmineQμaHza vini:t eRBaHeRbtvis&yenaHmin:nZøakeTA y¨ag

vinas dUcCaGsur eLIy .

RBHmanRBHPaK RTgsMEdgnUvGsurkay edayvini:ts&BÞ .

EmnBit GsurkayenaH eQμaHza G:ypg eQμaHza TuK<tipg

EmnBit edayesckþIdUcEdlelakeBalehIy nig elakehAza

vini:t eRBaHGsurkayenaH ZøakR:scakesckþIcMerInsBVRKb .

RBHd*manRBHPaK RTgsMEdgnUvniry; maneRcInRbkar man

GvicICaedImhñwgÉg edaynirys&BÞ .

bTza ²óbbnña³ KW cUldlehIy GZib|ayza ²ekItcMeBaH

ehIy kñúgG:yCaedImenaH³ .

‘suKti’ cMENkxaglÁ bNÐitKb|IRCab edaybriyaypÞúy Edl

elakeBalehIyhñwgÉg . EtesckþIEbøkKña dUcteTAenH .

kñúgBaküza suKti CaedImenaH ÉdMeNIreTAkan´mnusS elak

se®g<aH edaysuKtis&BÞ . elakse®g<aH dMeNIreTAkan´eTvelak

hñwgÉg edaysK<s&BÞ . esckþIénBaküenHza ²kñúgBaküzasuKti

enaH eQμaHza suKti eRBaHCadMeNIrlÁ . eQμaHza sYK( eRBaH

RbesIredayRbéB edayGarmμN¾TaMgLaymanrUbCaedIm . TaMg

GsenaHÉg eQμaHza elak eRBaHGtæza RTuDeRTameTA³ dUecñH .

BakümanBaküza ²«ti TieBVn ckú¡na³ dUecñHCaedIm KWCa

niKmvcn;TaMgGs´ . esckþIEdleBalmkenH CaesckþIseg¡b

ពទ�ធកស

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រារាម

460 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

:teTAehIy sUm|IvtæúEdldlnUvrUb k*minR:kd . kalebIdUecñaH

RBHeyaKIenH Kb|IcUlnUvQanCaTItaMgenaHÉg ecjGMBIQanenaH

ehIy Kb|IpSayBnøW o:ner]y> cuH . kalebIeZVIy¨agenH BnøW

k*rEmgdlnUvPaBrwgmaM edaylMdab . RBHeyaKIenaH GZidðanza

²BnøWcUrmankñúgTIenH³ dUecñHehIy kMNtGs´TIRtwmNaç BnøW k*fit

enA kñúgTIRtwmenaHÉg . kareXIjrUb rEmgman dl´RBHeyaKIGñk

Gg<úyemIlGsmYyézák*:n . k*bursGñkedIreTAkan´pøÚv kñúgeBl

yb edayKbePøIgeZVIBIesμA Caóbma kñúgBaküEdleBalenH .

:n»mkza bursmñakeTAkan´pøÚv kñúgevlayb edayKbePøIg

eZVIGMBIesμA . KbePøIgeZVIGMBIes μAenaH rbsbursenaH rltehIy .

RKaenaH TIrabesμI nig minrabesμI minR:kdehIydlbursenaH .

bursenaH ek[rnUvKbePøIgeZVIBIesμAenaH elIEpndI júaMgKbePøIgo

eqHehIymþgeT[t . k*KbePøIgeZVIBIesμAenaH luHeqHehIy :neZVI

ehIynUvBnøWd*viessCagBnøWEdlmanmkBImun . kalebIbursenaH

eZVIKbePøIgeZVIBIes μA EdlrltehIy> oeqHeLIgvijer]y> yag

enHç RBHGaTitü k*rHeLIgehIy tamlMdab . kalebIRBHGaTitü

rHeLIgehIyç kareRbIKbePøIg k*minman dUecñaH bursenaH k*ecal

nUvKbePøIgeZVIBIes μAenaH :neTAehIy GsmYyézák*:n .

kñúgBaküóbmaTaMgLayenaH BnøWénksiN kñúgkalCaTIeZVInUv

brikmμ eRb[bdUcCaBnøWénKb´ePøIg . karEdlÇÇÇkalebIBnøW rlt´

ehIy eRBaHehtuEdlÇÇÇ kalRBHeyaKIemIlnUvrUb knøgnUvvar;én

brikmμ k*mineXIjrUbTaMgLay eRb[bdUcCa kalebIKbePøIg rlt

visuTÆimK< ERb 459

kñúg:lIenHza ²Pikú¡eXIj edayckú¡dUcCaTiBV³ edayRbkardUecñH .

‘cab´epþImeZVITiBVckú¡’ ‘258’ cMENkÉkulbuRtCaGaTikmμik; GñkR:zñaedIm|IeXIj

y¨agenH Kb|IeZVInUvQan manGPiJ¦aCaTItaMg EdlmanksiNCa

GarmμN¾oKYrdlkarnaMcitþeTAedayGakarTaMgBYgehIy eZVIksiN

NamYy kñúgcMeNamksiNTaMgLay 3 enH KW eteCaksiN

OTatk,siN Gaelak,siN oCaksiNCit . kulbuRtenaHKb|I

cMerInóbc©arCÄan eZVIoCaGarmμN¾ehIy tm,lTuk . GZib|ayza

²Gb|na KWRBHeyaKI minKYroekIteLIg kñúgGarmμN¾Edl:ncMerIn

ehIyenaHeT³ . eRBaHza RbsinebIRBHeyaKI júaMgGb|naoekIt

eLIg . GarmμN¾enaH k*CaTIGaRs&yénQanEdlCaeRK]gRT min

EmnCaTIGaRs&yénbrikmμeT .

k*kñuúgksiNTaMg 3 enH Gaelak,siN Etmüag RbesIrbMput

Cag eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IjúaMgGaelak,siNenaH ßjúaMg

bNþaksiNTaMgLayeRkABIenH ksiNNamYy oekIeLIg tam

n&yEdlelakeBalehIy kñúgksiNnieTÞsehIy otaMgenA kñúg

óbc©arPUmienHÉg ehIyKb|IcMerIncuH . sUm|In&y kñúgkarcMerIn

GarmμN¾enaH k*bNÐiKb|IRCab tamn&yEdl:neBalehIy kñúg

ksiNnieTÞsenaHdUcKñaEdr .

RBHeyaKI Kb|IeXIjrUbEdlman xagkñúgénTIEdlxøÜncMerIn

ehIy> Etmüag . k*kalRBHeyaKIenaH eXIjnUvrUbç var;énbrikm μ

EtgRbRBwtþeTA . bnÞabBIenaHmk BnøW k*:teTA . kalebIBnøWenaH

ពទ�ធកស

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រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 461

ehIy mineXIj nUvTIrabesμI nig minrabesμI yagdUecñaHÉg . kar

cUleTAer]y> hakbIdUcCakarjcnUvKbePøIg . kalebIRBHeyaKI

eZVInUvbrikmμ mþgeT[t karpSaynUvBnøWd*mankMLaMgedayviesseTA

hakbIdUcCakarEdlKbePøIgeZVInUvBnøWd*ZMedayviess CagBnøWEdl

manmkkñúgkalmun . karEdlBnøWd*mankMLaMgrwgmaM fitenA tam

TIEdl:nkMNtTuk hakbIdUcCakarEdlRBHGaTitürHeLIg . kar

EdlRBHeyaKI lHbgecalnUvBnøWd*tictYc ehIyemIlnUvrUb Gs´

eBjmYyézá edayBnøWEdlmankMLaMgrwgmaM hakbIdUcCakarEdl

burs e:HnUvKbePøIgeZVIBIesμAecalehIy edIreTA:n rhUteBj

mYyézá yagdUecñaH .

‘kalebITiBVckú¡ekIteLIg’ kñúgkareXIjnUvrUbenaH rUbenH KW rUbEdlenAxagkñúgeBaH rUb

EdlGaRs&yenA kñúghTyvtúæ rUbEdlGaRs&yenA kñúgépÞénEpndI

BÆd*xageRkam rUbEdlenAxageRkACJ¢aMg xageRkAPñM nig xageRkA

kMEBg rUbEdltaMgenA kñúgcRkvaLdéT Edlminmkkan´rgVg én

mMsckú¡ rbsPikú¡enaH Etgmkkan´rgVgénjaNckú¡ ‘rbsPikú¡enaH’

CarUbhakbIdUcCaR:kddlmMsckú¡ kñúgkalNa kñúgkalenaH

bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²TiBVckú¡ Cackú¡ekIteLIgehIy³ dUecñH . k*kñúg

bNþacitþEdlR:rBÆrUbenH TiBVckú¡bu¨eNÑaH GackñúgkareXIjrUb citþ

CacMENkxagedImTaMgLay KμansmtæPaBkñúgkareXIjrUbeT .

‘TiBVckú¡CaGnþraydlbuzuC¢n’ k*TiBVckú¡nu@HÉgCaesckþIGnþraydlbuzuC¢n . eRBaHehtuGVI/ .

462 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

eRBaHehtuza buzuC¢nenaH GZidðanza ²BnøWcUrman³ dUecñH kñúgTINa>ç

TIenaH> CaTImanBnøWEtmYy TMluHnUvEpndI smuRT nig PñMk*:nç kñúg

RKaenaH kalebIbuzuC¢nenaH eXIjnUvrUbénGmnusS manykS nig

GarkSTwkCaedImEdlKYroP&yxøac kñúgTIenaH P&y rEmgekIteLIgç

EdlCaehtuobuzuC¢nenaH dlnUvkarrevIrvaycitþ CaGñkq,ÜtvegVg

eRBaHQank*za:n eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI minKYrRbmaT kñúgkar

eXIjrUbeLIy .

‘lMdab´énkarekIteLIgénTiBVckú¡’ kñúgxN;EdlTiBVckú¡ekItenaH enHKWCalMdab énkarekIteLIg

énTiBVckú¡ . kalebImenaTVaravCncitþ eZVInUvrUbmanRbkardUceBal

mkehIyenH oCaGarmμN¾ ekIteLIgehIy rlteTAvijç Cv&nTaMg

Lay bYn ß R:M eZVInUvrUbenaHÉg oCaGarm μN¾ehIy ekIteLIg

eRBaHehtuenaH bNÐitKb|IRCabBaküTaMgBYg tamn&yEdlmanmk

kúñgkalmuncuH . sUm|IkñúgjaNenH kamavcrcitþTaMgLay Edl

Rbkbedayvitk,; nig vicar; CabuBVPaKcitþ ‘citþCacMENkxagedIm

énjaNenH’ rU:vcrcitþ EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgctutæCÄan CacitþjúaMg

RbeyaCn¾KWjaNenHosMerc kñúgTIbMputç jaN EdlekItRBm

CamYynwgkamavcrcitþenaHÉg elakehAza ²stþanM cutUb:t-

J¦aN³ dUecñHxøH za ²TiBVckú¡J¦aN³ dUecñHxøH .

ctUb:tJ¦aNkza cbehIy .

‘bkiNÑkkza’

k*RBHBuTÆCaTIBwg RBHGg<RTg´RCabnUvxnÆ 5 RTg´:n

ពទ�ធកស

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រារាម

464 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

TaMg 7 edayGMNacénbritþarmμN¾ mhK<tarmμN¾ GtItarm μN¾

GnaKtarm μN¾ bc©úb|nñarmμN¾ GCÄtþarmμN¾ nig BhiTÆarmμN¾ .

sYrza ; «TÆiviZJ¦aNenaH RbRBwtþeTA yagdUcemþc/ . eqøIyza;

k*«TÆiviZJ¦aNenaHCabritþarmμN¾ eRBaHmanrUbkayCaGarm μN¾

edayeZVIesckþIGZib|ayza ²kñúgeBlNa RBHeyaKI eZVInUvkay

oGaRs&ynUvcitþ ehIyR:zñaedIm|IeTA edaykayEdlminR:kd

eTIbbegÁannUvkayeTAedayGMNacéncitþ elIkeLIgnUvrUbkay kñúg

mhK<tcitþ júaMgrUbkayoekIteLIg kñúgmhK<tcitþç kñúgeBlenaH

rUbkay CaGarmμN¾Edl:nehIyedaykarcUleTARbkb³ dUecñHç

«TÆiviZJ¦aNenaH CamhK<tarmμN¾ k*eRBaHmanmhK<citþ Ca

GarmμN¾ eRBaHeZVIesckþIGZib|ayza ²kñúgeBlNa RBHeyaKI eZVI

nUvcitþoGaRs&ynUvkay R:zñaedIm|IeTA edaykayEdlR:kd k*

begÁancitþeTA edayGMNacénkay eTIbelIkeLIgnUvcitþEdlman

QanCaTItaMg kñúgrUbkay júaMgcitþEdlmanQanCaTItaMg oekIt

eLIg kñúgrUbkayç kñúgeBlenaH citþEdlmanQanCaTItaMg Ca

GarmμN¾ Edl:nehIy edaykarcUleTARbkb³ dUecñHç

mYyeT[t «TÆiviZJ¦aNenaH CaGtItarmμN¾ k*eRBaHeZVInUvcitþ

nu@HÉg EdlknøgeTAehIy KWEdlrlteTAehIy oCaGarmμN¾ç

«TÆiviZJ¦aNenaH CaGnaKtarmμN¾ sMrabRBHeyaKITaMgLay

GñkGZidðan ‘b\TÆi’ CaGnaKt dUcCa«TÆiviZJ¦aN rbsRBHezr;TaMg

LaymanRBHmhaksSbetærCaedIm kñúgkalbJ©úHRBHmhaZatu .

:n»mkza RBHmhaksSetærkaleZVInUvkarbJ©úHRBHmhaZatu :n

visuTÆimK< ERb 463

Rtas´ehIy nUvGPiJ¦aTaMg 5 ÉNa edayRbkar dUceBalmkenHç bNÐit:nRCab nUvGPiJ¦aTaMg 5 enaHehIy Kb|IRCabbkiNÑkkzaenH kñúgGPiJ¦aTaMg 5 enaH EzmeT[tpg . k*kñúgGPiJ¦aTaMg 5 enaH TiBVckú¡ eBalKWcutUb:tJ¦aNenaH

manbriPNÐJ¦aN‘jaNCabrivar’ dleTA 2 KW GnaKtMsJ¦aN

1 yzakm μúbKJ¦aN 1 . eRBaHehtuenaH GPiJ¦ajaNTaMgLay

7 mkehIy kñúgTIenH KW briPNÐJ¦aNTaMgLay 2 enHpg nig

GPiJ¦ajaN 5 man«TiÆviZCaedImpg . kñúgkal«LÚvenH

bNÐiKb|IsMEdg nUvkarRbRBwtþieTA énGPiJ¦ajaN TaMgLay 7 kñúgGarm μNtþik;TaMgLay 4 Edl RBHBuTÆ RTg´EsVgrknUvKuNd*ZM RTg´Rtas´TukehIy

edIm|IkMuovegVgRcLM kñúgkarEvkEjknUvGarmμN¾ énGarmμNtþik;

TaMgLayenaH . enHKWCakarsMEdg kñúgGarm μNtþik;enaH .

‘259’ k*RbmaNbIénGarm μN¾TaMgLay 4 KWRBHmehsIRTg

Rtas´ehIyç Garm μNtþik; TaMg 4 KWGVIxøH . KW britþarmμNtþik; ‘KW

RbmaN 3 énbritþarmμN¾’ 1ç mK<armμNtþik; ‘RbmaN 3 én

mK<armμN¾’ 1ç GtItarmμNtþik; ‘RbmaN 3 énGtItarmμN¾’ 1ç

GCÄtþarmμNtþik; ‘RbmaN 3 énGCÄtþarmμN¾’ 1 .

‘ «TÆiviZJ¦aN RbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarm μN¾ 7 ’ kñúgGPiJ¦ajaNTaMgenaH «TÆiviZJ¦aNRbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarm μN¾

ពទ�ធកស

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េមរ

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visuTÆimK< ERb 465

GZidðanehIyza ²køinTaMgLayenH cUrkMusabrlabeLIy p,aTaMg

LayenH kMusVitRseBaneLIy RbTIbTaMgLayenH kMurlteLIy

Gs 218 qñaM kñúgGnaKtkal³ dUecñH . eRK]gRkGUbp,anigRbTIb

TaMgGsenaH :nmanehIy dUcEdlelakGZidðanenaHÉg .

RBHGsSKutþetær eXIjnUvPikú¡sg¹kMBugqan´nUv:yeRk[m kñúg

vtþniyesnasn; k*:nGZidðanza ²RtBaMgTwk cUreTACaTwkedaHCUr

kñúgeBlmunP&tþ ral> ézá³ dUecñH . TwkEdlelakdgehIy kñúg

eBlmunP&tþ ekIteTACaTwkedaHCUrç kñúgeBleRkayP&tþ vak*eTACa

TwktamRbRktIhñwgÉg .

bu¨Enþ «TÆiviZJ¦aNenaH Cabc©úb|nñarmμN¾ kñúgkalCaTIeZVInUv

kay oGaRs&ynUvcitþehIy eTAedaykayEdlminR:kd .

«TÆiviZJ¦aNenaH CaGCÄtþarmμN¾ eRBaHeZVInUvkaynigcitþrbs´

xøÜnoCaGarmμN¾ kñúgeBlEdlbegÁancitþeTA edayGMNacénkay

ß begÁankayeTA edayGMNacéncitþ nig kñúgeBlEdldMENg

xøÜneTACaePTepSg> manePTkumarCaedIm .

bu¨Enþ «TÆiviZJ¦aNenaH CaBhiTÆarmμN¾ kñúgeBlEdlsMEdg

nUvrUbepSg> mandMrI nig esHCaedImCaxageRkA dUecñHÉg .

bNÐitKb|IRCabkarRbRBwtþieTA én«TÆiviZJ¦aN kñúgGarm μN¾

TaMgLay 7 dUceBalmkenHÉg CadMbUg .

‘ TiBVesatZatuJ¦aNRbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾ 4 ’ TiBVesatZatuJ¦aN EtgRbRBwtþeTA kñúgGarmμN¾TaMgLay 4

edayGMNacénbritþarmμN¾ bc©úb|nñarmμN¾ GCÄtþarmμN¾ ehIynig

466 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

BhiTÆarmμN¾ . sYrza ; RbRBwtþeTA yagdUcemþc/ . eqøIyza

k*TiBVesatZatuJ¦aNenaH eRBaHehtuEdleZVIsMeLg oCaGarmμN¾

nig sMeLgCabritþZm( ‘Cakamavcr’ ehtuenaH eTIbCabritþarmμN¾ç

bu¨EnþeRBaHeZVIsMeLgEdlmanenaHÉg oCaGarmμN¾ ehIyRbRBwtþ

eTA eTIbCabc©úb|nñarmμN¾ç kñúgeBlEdlsþabsMeLgkñúgeBaHrbs´

xøÜn TiBVesatZatuJ¦aNenaH CaGCÄtþarmμN¾ç kñúgeBlEdlsþab´

sMeLg énCnTaMgLaydéTeT[t CaBhiTÆarmμN¾ dUecñHÉg .

karEdlTiBVesatZatuJ¦aN RbRBwtþeTA kñúgGarmμN¾TaMg

Lay 4 bNÐitKb|IRCab tamn&yenHÉg edayRbkardUecñH .

‘ ecetabriyJ¦aNRbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾ 8 ’ ‘260’ ecetabriyJ¦aN rEmgRbRBwtþeTA kñúgGarmμN¾TaMg

Lay 8 edayGMNacénbritþarmμN¾ mhK<tarmμN¾ Gb|maNa-

rmμN¾ mK<armμN¾ GtItarmμN¾ GnaKtarm μN¾ bc©úb|nñarmμN¾ nig

BhiTÆarmμN¾ . sYrza ; RbRBwtþeTA y¨agdUcemþc/ . eqøIyza ; k*

ecetabriyJ¦aNenaH CabritþarmμN¾ kñúgeBlEdldwgnUvcitþEdl

Cakamavcr énBYkCndéT CamhK<tarmμN¾ kñúgeBlEdldwgnUv

citþEdlCarU:vcr nig GrU:vcr ‘énBYkCndéT’ CaGb|maNa-

rmμN¾ kñúgeBlEdldwgnUvmK< nig pl ‘énBYkCndéT’ .

k*kñúgGb|maNarm μN¾enH bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþIEbøkKña dUc

teTAenH KW ; ²buzuC¢n mindwgnUvcitþ énRBHesatabnñbuK<lç RBH

esatbnñbuK<lesat k*mindwgnUvcitþ énRBHskTaKamIÇÇÇÇ bNÐit

Kb|InaMykBaküdUceBalmkenH ‘Ezm’ rhUtdlRBHGrhnþ . Et

ពទ�ធកស

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រារាម

468 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

mYyeT[t RBHeyaKI QrkñúgTIqáay sUm|IeXIjnUvkarkMerIkéd

énCagRClk nig nUvvikar;énkardMnUvvtæúmans<rdacCaedIm k*min

Tan´»nUvsMeLgenAeLIyeTç luHEtdrabNa sþabnUvsMeLgenaH

sinç sUm|IcenøaHenaH k*Kb|IRCabsnþtivar; mYyBIr .

RBHmCÄimPaNkacarüTaMgLayeBalyagenHmun . cMENk

RBHsMyutþPaNkacarüTaMgLay eBalnUvsnþti 2 KW rUbsnþti 1

GrUbsnþti 1 ehIyeBalza ²kalbuK<ledIrCan´Twkç luHEtdrab

Na KMnUsénTwkEdlCan´ehIy Ek|reqñr minTanzøaç enHeQμaHza

rUbsnþiti ‘1’ç kalebIbuK<lmkGMBIpøÚvqáayç luHEtdrabNa PaB

ekþAsúÁH kúñgkay minTanrmáabç enHeQμaHza rUbsnþti ‘1’ç kal

buK<lmkGMBIkMedAézá ehIycUleTAkan´bnÞbç luHEtdrabNa PaB

énggwtminTan´eTAR:sç enHeQμaHza rUbsnþti ‘1’ç kalPikú¡eZVI

TukkñúgcitþnUvkmμdðan xagkñúgbnÞb ehIyebIkbgÚÁcRkeLkemIl kñúg

eBlézáç luHEtdrabNa PaBRBilénEPñkminTanrmáabç enHeQμaH

za rUbsnþti ‘1’ drabenaHç var;énCv&n 2-3 eQμaHzaGrUbsnþti³

dUecñHehIy eBalza ²snþtiTaMgBIrenaH eQμaHzasnþtib|c©úb|nñ³ .

‘GTÆabcú©b|nñ’ ZmμCatEdlkMNtRtwmEtPBmYy eQμaHza GTÆabc©b|nñ

EdlRBHmhakc©ayn; sMedAyk eBalehIy kñúgPeTÞkrtþsURt

za ²mñalGavuesa citÉNapg ZmμarmμN¾TaMgLayNapgç citþ

nigZmμarmμN¾TaMgBIrenaHÉg Cabc©úb|nñç viJ¦aN CaZmμCatCab´cM

BaknwgqnÞraK kñúgcitþnigZmμarmμN¾Cabc©úb|nñenaHÉgç buK<lrEmg

visuTÆimK< ERb 467

RBHGrhnþ eTIbdwgnUvcitþ énRBHGriy;TaMgBYg . sUm|IRBHGriy;

Can´x¬sdéTeT[t rEmgdwgnUvcitþénRBHGriy;Can´Tab³ dUecñHÉg .

ecetabriyJ¦aNenaH kñúgeBlEdlmanmK<citþ CaGarm μN¾

CamK<armμN¾ . cMENkRBHeyaKI dwgnUvcitþénBYkCndéT:n kñúg

eBlxagkñúgénézá 7 EdlknøgeTAehIykþI kñúgeBlxagkñúgénézá 7

EdlminTan´:nmkdl´ehIykþI kñúgeBlNaç kñúgeBlenaH

ecetabriyJ¦aNenaH CaGtItarmμN¾pg CaGnaKtarm μN¾pg .

‘ bc©úb|nñcitþ 3 ’ sYrza ²ecetabriyJ¦ajaNenaH Cabc©úb|nñarmμN¾ etIy¨ag

dUcemþc / ³ . eqøIyza ²eQμaHza bcú©b|nñ ‘citþ’ man 3 KW ;

xNb|c©úb|nñ 1 snþtib|c©úb|nñ 1 GTÆabc©úb|nñ 1 .

kñúgbc©úb|nñ‘citþ’ TaMg 3 enaH ‘citþ’ EdldlnUvkarekIteLIg

kartaMgenA nig karEbkZøay eQμaHza xNb|c©úb|nñ . citþEdl

rabbJ©Úlkñúgvar;éntMNcitþmYynigBIr eQμaHza snþtib|c©úb|nñ .

‘snþtib|c©úb|nñ’ bNÐitKb|IRCabGZib|ay kñúgsnþtib|c©úb|nñenaH dUcteTAenH

GarmμN¾ rEmgminR:kd dlbuK<lEdlGg<úy kñúgTIggwt ehIy

eTAkanTIEdlmanBnøWPøameT luHEtdrabNa GarmμN¾enaH R:kd

sinç kñúgcenøaHenaH bNÐitKb|IRCabvar; éntMNmYyBIr .

rUb EtgminR:kd sUm|IdlbuK<lEdlRtaceTA kñúgTImanBnøW

ehIy cUleTAbnÞbtUc edayqab´PøameTç luHEtdrabNa rUbenaH

R:kdsinç bNÐitKb|IRCabvar; énsnþtimYyBIr kñúgcenøaHenaH .

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រារាម

visuTÆimK< ERb 469

eRtkGrcMeBaHcitþ nig ZmμarmμN¾ Cabcú©b|nñenaH eRBaHviJ¦aNCab

cMBaknwgqnÞraKç buK<l kaleRtkGrcMeBaHcitþ nig ZmμarmμN¾ Ca

bc©úb|nñenaH eQμaHza resmrsam kñúgBYkZm(TaMgLay EdlCa

bc©úb|nñ ‘1’ ³ dUecñH . k*kñúgbc©úb|nñTaMgBIrenaH snþtib|c©úb|nñ mkehIy kñúgGdðkza

TaMgLayç GTÆabc©úb|nñ mkehIy kñúgRBHsURt .

kñuúgbc©úb|nñcitþTaMg 3 enaH GacarüBYkxøH eBalza ²citþ Ca

xNb|c©úb|nñ catCaGarmμN¾ énecetabriyJ¦aN:n³ . sYrza

²eRBaHehtuGVI/³ . eqøIyza ²eRBaHza citþ rbsbuK<lGñkmanb\TÆi

nigbuK<ldéT rEmgekIteLIg kñúgxN;EtmYy:n³ . cMENkÉ

BaküenH CaBaküóbma éncitþTaMgLayenaHza ²kalebI:cp,a KW

buK<le:HeTAehIyBÆd*Gakasç p,amYyTg rEmgCab´Tg edayTg

énp,amYy edayBit yagNamijç kalebIcitþ EdlmhaCn

nwkKitehIy edayGMNacCaRkumza ²GatμaGj nwgdwgnUvcitþ én

buK<ldéT³ dUecñHç citþ énbuK<lmñak rEmgcakZøúHcMeBaH edaycitþ

mYy ‘énbuK<lNamñak’ kñúgób|aTk¡N; ß fitik¡N; ß Pg<k¡N;

edayBitR:kd k*y¨agdUecñaHÉg³ .

bu¨EnþBaküénekciGacarüTaMgenaH RtUv:neKbdiesZehIy kñúg

GdðkzaTaMgLayza ²BaküenaH minKYr³ eRBaHbuK<lsUm|InwkrMBwg

Gs 100 dgkþI 1ç000 dgkþI citþCaeRK]gKitrMBwg nig citþ Ca

eRK]gdwgTaMgBIrenaH minmanTICamYyKña nigeRBaHeTasKWGavC¢ncitþ

1- suÇ mÇ óÇ PaKTI 28 TMB&rTI 35 .

470 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

nig Cvncitþ dlnUvPaBmanGarmμN¾epSg> kñúgTICaTIminR:zña³ .

cMENksnþtib|cú©b|nñ nig GTÆabc©úb|nñ bNiÐt Kb|IRCabza

²CaGarmμN¾ ‘énecetabriyJ¦aN’³ dUecñH . kñúgGdðkzasMyutþ

elakeBalehIyza ²kñúgbc©úb|nñTaMgBIrenaH citþNa énbuK<ldéT

kñúgkalRbmaN 2-3 CvnvizI edayGMNacénGtIt ß GnaKt

GMBICvnvizIEdlkMBugEtRbRBwtþeTAç citþ énbuK<ldéT TaMgGs´enaH

eQμaHza snþtib|c©úb|nñç cMENk GTÆabc©úb|nñ bNÐitKb|IsMEdg

edayGMNacénCvnvar;³ dUecñH . BaküénRBHGdðkzacarüTaMgenaH

KWelakeBalehIyedayRbéB . enHCakarsMEdg kñúgGTÆabc©úb|nñ

enaH dUcteTA ;

Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi R:zñaedIm|IdwgcitþénbuK<ldéT eTIbnwkrMBwg .

GavC¢n;‘citþenaH’ eZVIxNb|c©úb|nñ oCaGarmμN¾ehIy eTIbrlt

eTA CamYynwgGarmμN¾enaHÉg . bnÞabBIenaHmk Cv&nTaMgLay 4

ß 5 EdlcugeRkay Ca«TÆicitþç Cv&nTaMgLay d*essenaH Ca

kamavcrç citþ EdlrlteTAehIyenaHÉg CaGarm μN¾ éncitþTaMg

BYgTaMgLayenaH nig citþTaMgLayenaH minEmnCacitþmanGarmμN¾

epSg> eT eRBaHPav;éncitþTaMgenaH manbc©úb|nñCaGarmμN¾ eday

GMNacénkal . mYyeT[t sUm|IkalebImanPav;éncitþ man

GarmμN¾EtmYy «TiÆcitþhñwgÉg EtgdwgnUvcitþ rbsbuK<ldéT:nç

citþTaMgLayeRkAGMBIenH dwgmin:neT eRb[bdUcCackú¡viJ¦aN kñúg

ckú¡TVarbu¨eNÑaH EtgeXIjnUvrUbç viJ¦aNeRkAGMBIenH mineXIjeT

y¨agenaHÉg .

ពទ�ធកស

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រារាម

472 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

sUm|IecetabriyJ¦¦aN nig yzakmμÚbKJ¦aNTaMgLay catCa

GtItarmμN¾ k*BitEmnehIy bu¨EnþebITukCadUecñaH bNþajaNTaMg

BIrenaH ecetabriyJ¦aN mancitþCaGtIt BÆd*xagkñúg énézá 7 Ca

GarmμN¾ . eRBaHza ecetabriyJ¦aNenaH mindwgnUvxnÆdéT ß nUv

vtúæEdlCabedayxnÆdéTeTç Etedaybriyay elakeBalehIy

za ²mK<armμN¾³ eRBaHmancitþEdlsm|yutþedaymK<CaGarmμN¾ .

ÉyzakmμÚbKJ¦aN k*manRtwmEtectna EdlCaGtItbu¨eNÑaH Ca

GarmμN¾ . bu¨EnþxnÆTaMgLay nig vtúæGVImYy EdlCabTakTgeday

xnÆEdlCaGtIt eQμaHza minEmnCaGarm μN¾ énbueBVnivasJ¦aN

minmaneT . eRBaHza bueBVnivasJ¦aNenaH CajaNmandMeNIr

esμIedaysBVJ¦útJ¦aN kñúgZm(TaMgLay KW xnÆ nig vtúæEdlCab´

TakTgedayxnÆ EdlCaGtIt³ dUecñH . enHCan&yénGdðkza kñúg

er]gGtItarmμNJ¦aNenaH .

cMENkkñúgKmÖIrbdðan elakeBalehIyza ²xnÆTaMgLay Ca

kusl Cabc©&y én«TÆiviZJ¦aN énecetabriyJ¦aN énbueBVniva-

sanusStiJ¦aN ényzakmμÚbKJ¦aN énGnaKtMsJ¦aN eday

GarmμNb|c©&y ‘1’ ³ eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH xnÆTaMgLay

4 k*CaGarmμN¾ énecetabriyJ¦aN nig yzakmμÚbKJ¦aN:n .

mYyeT[t kñúgjaNTaMg 2 enaH xnÆTaMgLay TaMgkusl TaMg

GkuslhñwgÉg CaGarmμN¾ényzakmμÚbKJ¦aN Bit yagenH .

ÉbueBVnivasJ¦aNenaH kñúgkalCaTIrlwkeXIjnUvxnÆ rbs

1- GPiÇ bÇ PaKTI 94 TMB&rTI 231 .

visuTÆimK< ERb 471

ecetabriyJ¦aNenH manGarmμN¾Cabc©úb|nñ edayGMNac

énsnþtic|c©úb|nñ nig GTÆabc©úb|nñ edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

müageT[t sUm|Isnþtib|c©úb|nñ k*RbRBwtþeTA kñúgGTÆabc©úb|nñ

pgEdr eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH snþtib|c©úb|nñenaH bNÐit

Kb|IRCabza bc©úb|nñarmμN¾ edayGMNacénGTÆabc©úb|nñenaHÉg .

ÉecetabriyJ¦aNenaH eQμaHza BhiTÆarmμN¾ k*eRBaHman

citþénbuK<ldéTCaGarmμN¾EmnBit edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

karRbRBwtþieTA kñúgGarm μN¾TaMgLay 8 énecetabriyJ¦aN

bNÐitKb|IRCab edayRbkardUc:nBN(namkehIyenHÉg .

‘ bueBVnivasJ¦aN RbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾ 8 ’ ‘261’ bueBVnivasJ¦aN RbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾TaMgLay 8

edayGMNacénbritþarmμN¾ mhK<tarmμN¾ Gb|maNarmμN¾ mK<a-

rmμN¾ GtItarmμN¾ GCÄtþarmμN¾ BhiTÆarmμN¾ nignvtþBVarmμN¾ .

sYrza ²RbRBwtþeTA y¨agdUcemþc/³ . eqøIyza ²k*bueBVnivasJ¦aN

enaH kñúgkalCaTIrlwker]y>nUvxnÆEdlCakamavcr CabritþarmμN¾ç

kñúgkalCaTIrlwker]y> nUvxnÆEdlCarU:vcr nig GrU:vcr Ca

mhK<tarmμN¾ç kñúgkalCaTIrlwker]y> nUvmK<EdlxøÜn ß buK<l

déTcMerInehIy nig nUvplEdlxøÜn ß buK<ldéT eZVIoCakc|as´

ehIykñúgGtItkal CaGb|maNarmμN¾ç kñúgkalCaTIrlwker]y>

nUvmK<EdlxøÜn ß buK<ldéTcMerInehIyEtmüag CamK<armμN¾ .

bu¨Enþtamkarniym ecetabriyJ¦aNenaH CaGtItarmμN¾ Emn

Bit . bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþIEbøkKñaenHKW ²kñúgjaNTaMgLaynu@H

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visuTÆimK< ERb 473

xøÜn CaGCÄtþarmμN¾ kñúgkalCaTIrlwkeXIjnUvxnÆ rbsGñkdéT

CaBhiTÆarmμN¾ . kñúgkalCaTIrlwkeXIjnUvvtúæEdlCabedayxnÆ

mannam eKaRt nig nimitþénEpndICaedIm edayn&y manCaGaTi¾za

²kñúgGtItkal RBHd*manRBHPaK RTgRBHnamvibsSI RTg:nekIt

ehIyç RBHmatarbs´RBHGg< RTgRBHnamBnÆúmtIç RBHbita RTgRBH

namBnÆúma³ dUecñH bueBVnivasJ¦aNenaH CanvtþBVarmμN¾ .

k*Baküza ²namnigeKaRt³ kñúgbTenH :ndlsPav; Edl

CabedayxnÆ sMercedaykarsmμtiç Kb|IRCabesckþIénBüJ¢n;ç

minEmnCaBüJ¢n;eTç eRBaHza BüJ¢n;CaZmμCattUcqμar eRBaHPav;

énBüJ¢n;enaH KWelakse®g<aHehIy edayTICaTIekIténs&BÞ ‘sTÞa

ytn;’ . smdUcCaRBHmanRBHPaK Rtasza ²nirutþib|dismÖiTa

manGarmμN¾tUcqμar ‘1’ ³ dUecñH . karRbRBwtþieTA kñúgGarm μN¾TaMgLay 8 énbueBVnivasJ¦aN

bNÐitKb|IRCab dUc:neBalmkenHÉg . enHCaesckþIKabcitþ

rbs´eyIg kñúgnvtþBVarmμN¾nu@H .

‘ TiBVckú¡J¦aN RbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarm μN¾ 4 ’ TiBVckú¡J¦aN RbRBwtþeTA kñúgGarm μN¾TaMg 4 edayGMNac

énbritþarmμN¾ bc©úb|nñarmμN¾ GCÄtþarmμN¾ nig BhiTÆarmμN¾ .

sYrza ²RbRBwtþeTAy¨agdUcemþc/³ eqøIyza ²EmnBit TiBVckú¡J¦aN

enaH eZVInUvrUboCaGarm μN¾pg eZVInUvrUbCakamavcrpg eRBaHehtu

Na eRBaHehtuenaH TiBVckú¡J¦aN eTIbCabritþarmμN¾ç mYyeT[t

1- GPiÇ viÇ PaKTI 82 TMB&rTI 50 .

474 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

eQμaHza bc©úb|nñarmμN¾ eRBaHTiBVckú¡enaH RbRBwtþeTA kñúgrUbEdl

kMBugmanbu¨eNÑaHç kñúgkalCaTIeXIjnUvrUbkM:Mg manrUbEdlenA

kñúgeBaHCaedIm rbsxøÜn CaGCÄtþarmμN¾ç kñúgkalCaTIeXIjnUvrUb

énbuK<ldéT CaBhiTÆarmμN¾³ dUecñHÉg .

karRbRBwtiþeTA kñúgGarmμN¾TaMg 4 énTiBVckú¡J¦aN bNÐit

Kb|IRCabdUceBalmkenHÉg .

‘ GnaKtMsJ¦aN RbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾ 8 ’ ‘262’ GnaKtMsJ¦aN RbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾TaMgLay 8

edayGMNacénbritþarmμN¾ mhK<tarmμN¾ Gb|maNarmμN¾ mK<a-

rmμN¾ GnaKtarmμN¾ GCÄtþarmμN¾ BhiTÆarmμN¾nignvtþBVarmμN¾.

sYrza ²RbRBwtþeTA yagdUcemþc/³ . eqøIyza ²k*GnaKtMsJ¦aN

enaH CabritþarmμN¾ kñúgkalCaTIdwgza ²kñúgGnaKt buK<lenH nwg

ekItkñúgkamavcrPB³ dUecñHç CamhK<tarmμN¾ kñúgkalCaTIdwgza

²kñúgGnaKt buK<lenHnwgekItkñúgrU:vcrPB ßGrU:vcrPB³ dUecñHç

CaGb|maNarmμN¾ kñúgkalCaTIdwgza ²kñúgGnaKt buK<lenH nwg

júaMgmK<ocMerIn nwgeZVIiCakc|asnUvpl³ dUecñHç CamK<armμN¾ kñúg

kalCaTIdwgza ²kñúgGnaKt buK<lenHnwgcMerInmK<³ dUecñHhñwgÉg .

EtebIeBaltamniymehIy GnaKtMsJ¦aNnu@H CaGnaKta-

rmμN¾ EmnBit . kñúgGnaKtarmμNJ¦aNTaMgLayenaH sUm|I

ecetabriyJ¦aN CaGnaKtarm μN¾ k*BitEmnehIy EtebITukCa

dUecñaH ecetabriyJ¦aNenaH mancitþCaGnaKt kñúgxagkñúgénézá 7

Etbu¨eNÑaH CaGarmμN¾ . eRBaHza ecetabriyJ¦aNenaH mindwg

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476 GPiJ¦anieTÞs

karRbRBwtþieTA kñúgGarmμN¾TaMgLay 5 ényzakmμÚbKJ¦aN

bNiÐtKb|IRCab edayRbkardUc:neBalmkenHÉg .

cMENkkñúgkarBN(na nUvGCÄtþarmμN¾ nig BhiTÆarmμN¾enH

BaküÉNaEdlRBHmanRBHPaKRtasehIyza ²yzakmμÚbKJ¦aN

enaH CaGCÄtþarmμN¾pg CaBhiTÆarmμN¾pgEmnBit³ dUecñHç Bakü

enaH RBHGg<Rtas´ehIyza ²yzakmμÚbKJ¦aNnu@H CaGCÄtþarmμN¾

pg CaBhiTÆarmμN¾pg kñúgkalCaTIdwgkñúgxagkñúg tamkal kúñg

xageRkAtamkal bu¨eNÑaHÉg³ dUecñH .

briecäT TI13 eQμaHGPiJ¦anieTÞs

kñúgbkrN¾viess eQμaHvisuTiÆmK<

Edlx\úMer[ber[gehIy edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dlkiriyarIkrayTYeTA

cbehIy edaynUvRbkarGm|alenHÉgehag .

bkrN¾viess eQμaHvisuTÆimK<ERb PaKTI2 cb

♣ ♣ ♣

:ner[ber[gcb´sBVRKb

enAézáGg<ar 3 ekIt ExEcRt BÇsÇ 2551

RtUvnwgézá TI8 Exemsa KÇsÇ 2008

evlaemag 7 yb

visuTÆimK< ERb 475

xnÆdéTpg nUvvtúæEdlCabedayxnÆdéTpg . ‘Et’ vtúæGVImYy kñúg

GnaKtkal eQμaHza minEmnCaGarm μN¾ énGnaKtMsJ¦aN min

maneT tamn&yEdleBalehIy kñúgbueBVnivasJ¦aN .

CaGCÄtþarmμN¾ kñúgkalCaTIdwgza ²GatμaGjnwgekIt kñúgPB

ÉeNÑaH ‘kñúgGnaKt’³ dUecñH . CaBhiTÆarmμN¾ kñúgkalCaTIdwgza

²‘kñúgGnaKt’ buK<lÉeNaH nwgekItkñúgPBÉeNaH³ dUecñH . kñúg

kalCaTIdwgnUvnam nig eKaRt edayn&yza ²kñúgGnaKt RBHman

RBHPaK RBHnamemetyü nwgób|tþieLIgç RBahμN¾ eQμaHsuRBhμa

nwgCabitarbsRBHGg<ç RBahμNI eQμaHRBhμvtI nwgCamata rbs´

RBHGg<³ dUecñHCaedIm CanvtþBVarmμN¾ tamn&yEdl:neBalmk

ehIy kñúgbueBVnivasJ¦aNhñwgÉg .

karRbRBwtþieTA kñúgGarm μN¾TaMgLay 8 énGnaKtMsJ¦aN

bNÐitKb|IRCab edayRbkardUc:neBalmkehIyenHÉg .

‘ yzakm μÚbKJ¦aN RbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾ 5 ’ yzakmμÚbKJ¦aN RbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarm μN¾TaMgLay 5 eday

GMNacénbritþarmμN¾ mhK<tarmμN¾ GtItarmμN¾ GCÄtþarmμN¾

nigBhiTÆarmμN¾. sYrza ²RbRBwtþeTAdUcemþc/³. eqøIyza ²EmnBit

yzakmμÚbKJ¦aNenaH CabritþarmμN¾ kñuúgkalCaTIdwgnUvkmμEdl

Cakamavcrç CamhK<tarmμN¾ kñúgkalCaTIdwgnUvkmμEdlCarU:vcr

nig GrU:vcrç CaGtItarmμN¾ eRBaHdwgnUvkmμEdlCaGtItEtmüag

bu¨eNÑaHç CaGCÄtþarmμN¾ kñúgkalCaTIdwgnUvkmμ rbs´xøÜnç Ca

BhiTÆarmμN¾ kñúgkalCaTIdwgnUvkmμ rbsGñkdéT³ dUecñH .

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-478- elak s)un-es[k RBmTaMgRKYsar 307du Pikú¡ Gu)n-vin sg¹rki¡eta 300du ó:sika Gu)k-TUert 300du GñkRsI supat-eP]gç ó:sika pun nig RKYsar 300du ó:sk ys´-saGu)l ó:sika ys-GanIta ‘DW-sIuvLaMg 300du RBHetCHRBHKuN Rbkb vtþCm¬Úruk¡aram 300du Pikú¡vinyZera mhayin-en]n 300du ó:sk ng-hak´ RBmTaMgRKYsar kUnecA 300du elakRKUrki¡tZemμa Kg-sUpan 300du elakGacarü Gu)g-Giun RBmTaMgRKYsar nig kUnecA 300du elaksuCateta-sMel]g GñkRsIsu)m-saLat´ 300du GñkRsI RATH KIM & BILL CHHAY 260du BuTÆbris&T vtþEx μr:lielyü 260du bc©&ybUCaRBHZm(eTsna qøgkudivtþsanhUes 08-06-10 258du ó:sika esA-éy¨ RBmTaMgkUnecA 250du RBHetCHRBHKuNZmμezera ‘esA-Xn’ 250du ó:sk eck-Xan ó:sika c&nÞ-QYm RBmTaMgkUnecA 250du ó:sk su)m-sIum nig RKYsar kUnecA 250du GñkRsI ZIra RICHARCH (GA) 220du elakGacarü PaK-QYn RKYsar nig kUnecA 220du ó:sika lwm-KamTI nig buRtZIta 220du ejam sarun nig kUn 217du elak riTÆi-s)an GñkRsIsuIv-egaçsupanIç lIndaç esaP&N 210du ektu-zU 200du ó:sika lwm-éNRsIm kUnecA 200du GñkRsIsU)-hac nig kUnecA 200du elakQan-saer]n GñkRsI Lwg-KImRsan 200du GacarüR:k-Pac ó:sika sux-eP]n 200du ótþmZmμeXasacarü kut-kusl Ekv-suZm μa éL-yu¨n 200du elak taMg-cW GñkRsI eLa-KwmeLg 200du elak LaM-er]g RBmTaMgRkumRKYsar 200du Mrs NAMTYHUY, Mr, & Mrs. KEIW LEE, TINATH LEE 200du ó:sika Gwug-sayTav nag Guwg-KimeGg 200du

raynamBuTÆbris&T CYyóbtæmÖ kñúgZmμTanenH

RbGbZmμbUCa ‘vtþEx μrsan´taGaNa’ 3ç200du elak LÚ-bu)neLg GñkRsIeG)[b-éqKIm 2ç640du ó:sikaeG)[b-éqKim ó:sk LÚ-bu)neLg 2ç000du ZmμbUCa buNücMerInRBHCnμ RBHPikú¡ Esm-sueX]n 1ç740du BuTÆbris&T vtþsnSMkusl GacarüeG]-esA 1ç000du ó:sika eG)[b-éqhug 1ç000du ó:sikaQwm-KwmRsuin nig kUnecA RBmTaMgjatimiRt 1ç000du ó:sika nYn-vNÑa RBmTaMgkUnecA 1ç000du ó:sika nYn-vNÑa 900du elak vg´-em¨A GñkRsIqan´-kanCYg 880du ó:sk vgS-emA ó;sika qan´-kan´CYg 595du GñkRsI qan´-éhkwg 500du vtþminIsutaram 500du

Pikú¡ mas-KwmeGg sIlbJ¦a 500du

Pikú¡ PaK´-QYn 500du ó:sika qan-hay RBmTaMgkUnecA 500du buNübc©&y 4 ó:sika ywm-lwm kUnecA nig jatimiRt 500du ó:sika evn-lVn´ ‘sux-rs’ nig kUnecA 450du ZmμeTsna RBHGg<es]n 448du BuTÆbris&Tvtþsan´taGaNa ézásIl 420du ó:sika sIuNa-pU SOPHANNA LAO 402du buNüó:sika lI-LaMgCag nig kUnecA 400du Pikú¡ GaMg-Xug ó:sika tan´-Kwmzan´ buRtZIta nig ecA 400du elakEt-Taes)[ GñkRsIlwm-éNh)Yg RBmTaMgjatimiRt 400du Pikú¡ Gu)g-Giun ó:sika Esm-sIupn 400du Pikú¡mhasm-ys ‘vtþmak´sI RbeTs:raMg’ 400du bc©&y 4 BuTÆbris&T vtþrtnRbTIb GUtava 350du buNüelakta G)ab-Pav 330du ó:sikalwm-KamTI RBmTaMgbuRtç KI-esrI PriyanigbuRtç suPaB-tanç Qagh)-tan´ç murINa-tanç can´bUNa-ehg 330du RBHZmμeTsna Zmμacarü Ekv-vimutþi kñúgvtþsantaGaNa 327du RBHetCHKuNRbkb vtþCm¬Úruk¡avnaram 315du

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-480- elak Ba-:¨vRsW RBmTaMgRKYsar 120du GñkRsI júwk-sIuza nig kUnecA 120du BuTÆbris&T vtþ rtnaram 118du RBHZm(eTsna 115du Pikú¡ :n-sMm¨ay nig BuTÆbris&T vtþc&nÞsIusamK<IZm* 110du ó:sika Ejm-nIm nigkUnecA 110du Pikú¡ mhabu)n-QWn 110du ó:sika lI-Kwms)a nig buRtZIta 110du Pikú¡ esam-suPa ‘ZmμZera’ 107du Pikú¡ b\TÆiBl nazbNÐieta 105du CHHAY SEREI CHAN 105du GñkRsI Ca-eta 105du Pikú¡ Xun-Tuy 105du elak jin-pun GñkRsI sux-saert kJ¦a jin-r&tñ 101du elak eG)]-esAç ó:skbU)-ehanagç ó:sika Guwg-riTÆanIç ó:sikalI-bU¨lIn sIUm-bU¨ 100du elak taMg-haMgsay GñkRsICIv-suxmYy nig kUnecA 100du elakGacarü Lúg ó:sika Qag-samin 100du elak sarin GñkRsI Kwm-lag 100du ó:sika sux-saem]n tan-sm|tþi 100du ó:sika Gwum-NUy 100du MOLANIE, ALLAN, LONIS & MADELYN LIM 100du Gacarü visuTÆi-Om ó:sika sUt-saxn 100du GñkRsI Ekv-bu:öTiBV 100du ó:sika kg-salI nig kUnecA 100du TAING KIM LEAANG 100du ó:sika ezag-mMu 100du ó:sika hIug-bU) 100du GñkRsI KYy-ran´ 100du ó:sika Pn-s)agéh nig buRtZIta 100du ó:sika yin-hu)n ó:sk yin-es]n 100du ó:sika yU-Rs)n 100du elakGacarü ehg GñkRsI hu)n-Kwmsay 100du ó:sika júk-hY) RBmTaMgkUnecA 100du

-479- RBHetCHKuN zun-supun 200du elakevaha-CYn GñkRsINaRKI-CYn 200du BuTÆiksmaKm vtþZmμrgSI 200du elak Ék-qalI GñkRsI eGam-xun 200du ó:sika LÚ-emgXn RBmTaMgkUn 200du elak LÚ-emgh) 200du bu)n-eLg nig Et-Kim 200du sium-Kim yu¨n 200du elak sux-mut GñkRsI mas-snæavruN nig bgbÚÁn 200du ó:sika sux-em]n ó:sika tan´-sm|tþi 200du GñkRsI mij-sUhac RBmTaMg kUnecA 200du ó:sika ecA-sarYn RBmTaMgkUnecA 200du BuTÆbris&TvtþvibsSnaram 200du ó:sk CU-mI ó:sika Ék-bUlIn nig kUnecA 185du GñkRsI kut-kNÑika esama‘suCata’ sVamI nig buRt 175du elaktaGwum-Bnøk nig ó:sikadYg-suxum 175du Pikú¡ R:C\-saran´ 166du DARA HENG 150du ó:sika Gu)n-ehg nig kUnecA 150du ó:sika ern 150du Pikú¡ Emn-sux 140du Pikú¡ nig sameNr vtþéGrab´ 130du ó:sk RCUk-vYn ó:sika Emn-pat kUnecA 120du ó:sika ywm-lwm RBmTaMgkUnecA 120du ó:sika Gu)k-sIuNa 150du ó:sika pav-saer[bç sk´-sael]n elakeGg-kaMg 150du ó:sika TYn-mMu 150du ó:sika RbIy¾-y¨um 140du ó:sika Ect-TTwm 140du elak Qun-Kwm eG[t nig RKYsar 140du elakGacarü eb-rI ó:sika zU-júwg nig kUnecA 125du ó:sk CU-mI ó:sika Ék-bUlIn 120du ó:sika lI-LaMgCag nig kUnecA 120du

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-482- elakGacarü Ekv-bu¨n ó:sika hac-sYg 100du ó:sika :n-sariTÆ RBmTaMgkUnecA 100du GñkRsI bu)t-supanI 100du ó:sika Kan-sr 100du elak tan´-ekA GñkRsI tan´-saer]n 100du ó:sika ega-sU)eGg 100du RBHviPTÞJ¦aN ‘RBh μ-ex[n’ vtþsuvNÑKirI 100du Pikú¡ bu)n-esæ{n Zmμvera 100du Pikú¡ swm-es[m Zm μrki¡eta 100du Pikú¡ eG]-esA 100du RBHetCHKuNmas-KwmeGg 100du Pikú¡ yin-saKuN 100du RBHetCHKuN mIu-rs 100du Pikú¡ Lay-rin 100du Pikú¡ mhamunI-rtñ 100du Pikú¡ Kg´-suTÆI 100du sameNr Cim-mal&y 100du elakGacarü zac´-sug hug-Kimh)n´ 100du GñkRsI qan´-hVÚg 100du elakGacarüs)n-Cug ó:sika Lúg-Ebn 100du ó:sk ln´-Zn 100du ó:sk Cik-vij nig ó:sika Kim-zaj´ 100du ó:sika pav-saer[b nig kUnecA 100du GñkRsI Qun-ey¨n 100du ó:sk hwum-emA Priya nig buRtZIta 100du GñkRsI lwm-canNa 100du buNüó:sk sWn-eG]g ó:sika Kim-zIsI 100du Pikú¡ tan´-ePaK kitþisaera ‘vtþZmμrgSI’ 100du RBHetCKuN Lúg-suxLaM ‘vtþsaKrburI’ 100du Óó:sika tan´-QIvKin nig kUnecA lI-eqgsu)n nig Twg-vYchu)n RBmTaMg kUnecA 100du Pikú¡ sM-r&tñ 100du ó:sika GU)-haMgecg nig kUnecA 100du Pikú¡ bU)-saMgyu¨n kitþikZem μa 100du

-481- ó:sk QMu-kusl ó:sika ehg-yin nig buRtZIta 100du elak sIusuvNÑ-Ny nig Priya 100du elak pg´-Er¨m GñkRsI Ev¨n-eG]n 100du ó:sika san-eG]n RBmTaMgkUnecA 100du ó:sika sYs-éNeT[g RBmTaMgkUnecA 100du ó:sika Cig-say z RBmTaMgkUnecA 100du ó:sika Naer¨t-GU) 100du ó:sk zøag-savn ó:sika yin-sMNag 100du ó:sika kak-kYy 100du ó:sk siiun-pU elakyayBMu 100du ó:sika Duc-samIn 100du bNÐit tUc-plman nig RKYsar 100du kemøaH eBA rIeD[l sm|Úr 100du ZYk-suTÆI 110du ó:sika kul-yn yaysmμa 100du ó:sika Qa elakta ehn 100du ó:sika ejm-Lag nig buRt 100du ó:sika kak-KIKg´ nig buRtZIta 100du LAKHANA SAR (BONG LEAK) kUnyayern 100du elak bu¨k-bu)nriTÆ RBmTaMgRKYsar nig kUnecA 100du ó:sika Tit-sat RBmTaMgkUnecA 100du ó:sika Gu)k-TUert 100du mn-siugehg Priya Lay-suxKa 100du su)m-rat´ Priya yin-XIm nig buRtZIta 100du ó:sika Om-sgV¨an elakenRt-ehg nigkUnecA 100du ó:sika Kwm-sI elak eRb[n-Kag nig Priya 100du ó:sika Ca-lwmeGg 100du ó:sikapav-saer[b GñkRsIsk-sael]n RKYsar 100du ó:sika pan-Lan nig buRtZIta 100du elakRKU qay-ys ó:sika cab-sMeG[n 100du ó:sika kut-saxn nig buRtZita 100du Pikú¡ Gu)n-viun 100du elak Ca-RBhmn nag pøasaert 100du nag RBh μ-c&nÞ sUv&n nig kUnlk¡Na 100du

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-484- ó:sika Qun-eyn 100du elakGacarü edak-sun ó:sika GU)-GU)c nig kUnecA 100du ó:sk y¨m-Edg ó:sika ehg-vNÑDI kUnecA 100du ó:sika ZU-mMu ó:sk kuy-ZYn 100du ó:sk lI-zug GñkRsI Kwm-san RBmTaMgkUnecA 100du elak eh[b-eb GñkRsI eLA-EkvmøiH 100du GñkRsI júik-sIza RBmTaMgkUnecA 100du Pikú¡ sux-Patr; 100du GñkRsI sMbU-r&tñ ‘ehAhIug-su)nza’ 100du Pikú¡ Kwm-:n 100du Pikú¡ Tim-júl ‘tiNkaema’ 100du ó:sk emg-bu¨g ó:sika can´-júwm 100du ó:sk epn-Gan ó:sika ln´-esgh)ag 100du GñkRsI eTB-sUnI 100du ó:sika eBA-tun RBmTaMgkUnRbusRsI 100du elak Ekv-sMeG]n GñkRsI hu)n-vNÑa nig buRt 100du PHNOM PENP EXPRESS 90du LOEUNG NINA 90du GñkRsI sn-lINa ehA GaPaB kUnx\úM 90du elak taMg-haMgqay GñkRsICIv-suxmY)y 90du ó:sika lIm-mYYyCU 90du Pikú¡ Ca-eh]g ó:sika GU)c-sURt 90du bUCaRBHZm(eTsna vtþsan´taGaNa 88du ó:sk CU-mI ó:sika bUlIn kUnecA 85du ó:sika Titü-y¨an bu¨k-sMGan 80du GñkRsI es]n-suXYn RBmTaMgRKYsar 80du ó:sika RBH-Qag ‘jaNsuPa’ 80du ó:sk sn-Cug ó:sika Lúg-Ebn 80du ó:sika XI-KImln 80du ó:sika Tit-saZ 70du ó:sk eT[g ó:sika rYm nigkUnecA 70du elak can´-ey]n GñkRsI gYn-xnç GñkRsI gYn-dkc&nÞç RBmTaMgbuRtZIta 70du GñkRsI Kwm-sarun nig elak KirI 70du

-483- elakGacarü eGak-ey[m nig kUnecA 100du ó:sika Zi-bu)ts)an 100du elak nig elakRsI sM:n-nU 100du elakex[v-sIuNaert 100du elak sarin GñkRsI Kwm-lag 100du lwm-ey¨t 100du vgS-kruNa nig RKYsar 100du vgS-vINa sVamI nig buRt 100du ó:sika lwm-éNRsIm 100du ó:sika esg-y¨an 100du ó:sika RBHQag ehA jaN-suZa 100du kul-sium 100du ó:sk eG]-esA 100du bk´-bu:ö 100du elak nig elakRsI supan 100du ó:sika Pn-s)agéh 100du ó:sika Pn-s)agéh nig buRtç ó:sika yk-Rs)nç ó:sika Ca-laghIuç ó:sika Qun-KwmRsW 100du ó:sika Gu)n-G)n 100du elak gU¨v-mYyLay nig buRt 100du ó:sika eG[b-éqhug 100du ó:sika huy-NaMTI 100du ó:sika Lúg-Ebn ó:sk sn-CuM 100du ó:sika s)n-eLg 100du buNü 100 ézá elakGu)g-ZarI 100du ó:siika sr-yut 100du ó:sk eG[g-qay ó:sika eG[-eksr 100du ó:sk Gu)n-qayRKI 100du ó:sk eha-lan ó:sika qwg-Gun 100du elakGacaü mn-pan pg-KaM 100du Pikú¡ viC¢asm|enña vtþBnøWBuTÆcRk 100du ó:sika ezt-ru¨n ó:sk év¨-sarun 100du ó:sika supn-sUr 100du ó:sika tan-éNsIun nig kUnecA 100du

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-485- bc©&yZmμeTsna Pikú¡yin-en]n 65du Pikú¡ sn-Esn ‘vtþRBHBuTÆ’ 60du ó:sk etg-xaMsn ó:sika Zuy-bu)nm¨a 60du ó:sika ywm-lwm RBmTaMgkUnecA 60du nag RKU 60du ó:sika lwm-Gag 60du ó:sika ecg-e:y 60du ó:sika gI-eq kUnecA 60du elak eLg-qay nig sux-m)YyCav 60du yay Guwg-h<ic RKI-emglag RKI-CinNaM 60du ó:sk Lwm-matZIta ó:sika taMg-ZIXn 60du eT[v-QIvhu)n 60du ó:sika TYn-saern ‘ehAr¨y’ 60du GñkRsI sI-Gwg 60du GñkRsI sMbY-r&tñ 60du ó:sk exal-Qin ó:sika LÚ-Kwmh)ag 60du GñkRsI CU-Cati 60du zac-es[n 60du elak TUc-esaP&N GñkRsI sIunYn 60du GñkRsI Kwm-vYc 60du GñkRsI lINa-tan´ 60du ó:sika ehg-s)n 60du Rkumevn RKYsartaman nig jatimiRt enAesAmunI 56du bc©&ybiNÐ:Rt Pikú¡ es]-suCin vtþsan´hUes 55du GñkRsI Lac-ran´ nig RKYsar 55du ROSS CHANTY 55du etA-Rcik nig kUnecA 53du GñkRsI can´-kULabç esk-RKicç esk-TI 53du ó:sk suePaK-ósSern 50du ó:sk Giun-lYg ó:sika h)am-etg 50du ó:sika esg-maéLç saMg-Zaraç saMg-ZarI 50du elak sapU-yn GñkRsI c&nÞ nig buRt 50du elak yn-LaMg GñkRsI Giut-lI nig buRt 50du elak er]n-zn GñkRsI lwg 50du

-486- ó:sika Lúg-GuIm 50du ó:sk es]n ó:sika Kwm-Qun 50du ó:sika Twm-h)n 50du elak TUc-sIumn b)in 50du yim-pløa rI-ép 50du GñkRsI ehg-Qab 50du ó:sk LÚ-bu)neLg ó:sika eG)[b-éqKim 50du ó:sk Kg´-vut ó:sika Gu)k-siunhYr 50du ó:sika lwm-KamTI RBmTaMgbuRt 50du ó:sika lI-bUlIn sIum-bU 50du ó:sika sux-ln´ 50du SIDARY SAM 50du elak PYg-bu)nhIum GñkRsI gYn-yana 50du GñkRsI Gu)l-sIuNa 50du vtþéRtkUdi 50du qan´-hVÜg nig RKYsar 50du Pac-savI 50du suPak´ nig RKYsar 50du BUZI zg 50du GñkRsI lI-em]n 50du GñkRsI KImlI-pøúg 50du ó:sika Duc-saxn 50du ó:sika zab´-zU 50du elak Qun-KwmeG)[t nig Priya 50du ó:sika taMg-Kwmlag 50du GñkRsI sux-Kag 50du munI-LaM nig RKYsar 50du mþaysameNreck 50du elak Kg´-vut GñkRsI Gu)k-siunh) 50du Pik¡ú Zwg XIm ‘ vtþZmμnikaram ’ 50du elakyay Ci bunLúg nig b)U rasuI 50du elak evg NaM nig sk san´nI 50du RBHRKUecAGZikar eTB-es[g vtþéRtrtnaram RbeTs:raMg 50E yuvCn dara-ehg 50du

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-488- elak Gacarü Tik-yI 50du ó:sika gU¨v-sIulan RBmTaMgkUnecA 50du elak Guwg-gY¨nhav GñkRsI Guwg-sayXIm 50du HOUT SOU PHALLY KHUTH 50du GñkRsI :n-CahY nig buRtZIta 50du ó:sika dYg-y¨an 50du elak duH-qwy 50du GñkRsI mwug-éL 50du GñkRsI :n-CapicCU RKYsar nig buRt 50du ó:sika eG)[g-KwmhYy 50du miul-Ey¨m 50du kJ¦a qay-yupl 50du ó:sk su)n-Cag ó:sika lI-LaMgCag 50du Pikú¡ suin-ezag ZmμsuveNÑa 50du Pikú¡ bNÐieta CIk-RBh μ 50du ó:sika Qa-h)n 50du ó:sika ecg-éqman 50du ó:sika RKI-esglI 50du Pikú¡ siun-suvtæa 50du elak DYg-bu¨n GñkRsI PI-rin 50du ó:sika yU-eLa 50du Pikú¡ R:k-Qn 50du Pikú¡ subeNÑa eh[b-Qan 50du GñkRsI bu¨k-suKnÆmalI elakex[v-sMGat buRt 50du Pikú¡ eD]-ótþm 50du ó:sika BwC 50du elak nU-c*nÞbu)nnI nig Priya 50du ó:sika Kg-sUPn 50du ó:sikaeG)[g-KwmhYy kUnecAç ó:skePaK-QMu Guwg-sIuNa 50du Kwm-esg 50du raC-rtn;ç ecg hu)y epg Priya nig buRtç Lay-nag Ca-suKMu Priya nig buRt 50du ó:sika ent-danI ‘erIum’ 50du Pikú¡ suvNÑbeJ¦a esa-GU)n 50du

-487- ó:sika Em¨n-éNRsIm 50du Mr. ANG CHUN 50du ó:sika lI-NavI nig kUnecA 50du ó:sika sr-yut 50du ó:sika Ba-tub 50du ó:sika KI-Kg´ 50du GñkRsI sUriya GUsþin 50du bgtaMg 50du GñkRsI Qun-eyn 50du GñkRsI Gu)g-suIpanNa 50du elak G)g-lI GñkRsI TYt-r¨um 50du GñkRsI lIsa (LISA) 50du Kim-Lwm zaj´ 50du elak esam-gn GñkRsIeLA-maéL 50du GñkRsI ex[v�RsIv&n RBmTaMgRKYsar 50du eBTü sm|tþi nig RKYsar 50du elakGacarü Gu)y-yan 50du elak lI-hY nig GñkRsI rasIu-gYn 50du ó:sika sYy-esn 50du Pikú¡ ng-suCati 50du elak mux-samn nig RKYsar 50du G)am-tak nig buI-sIum 50du ó:sika ehg-zU ó:sk s)a-zU kUnecA 50du ó:sika zøag-eZ[m 50du GñkRsI EL-es[g RKYsar 50du ó:sk Ebn-jwm ó:sika tU-sari 50du ó:sika e:¨-ésKØic 50du Pikú¡ c&nÞ-suxa vtþeBaZisuvNÑaram 50du Gacarü eb-rI ó:sika júwg 50du ó:sika siun-Egt 50du kJ¦a Xut 50du ó:sika qay-Tn 50du Pikú¡ Gu)y-ehg 50du ó:sika plI 50du

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-489- GñkRsI sU)-en]n 50du ó:sika mar-bUrI ‘pl’ 50du ó:sika sIl-can´ln 50du GñkRsI eG)[-buiv nig kUnecA 50du DARIN & SAROM SOK 50du GñkRsI ehg-Qab 50du ó:sika su)m-rdð RBmTaMgkUnecA 50du Gñks)n-y¨an RKYsar nig kUnecA 50du elakemA RKYsartacin 50du ó:sika mas-Dwm 50du Gñknag sU)sanNa-c&nÞekA 50du GñkRsI CHAN SOKHA LIKE 50du RBHetCHRBHKuN KHUN BUNSON 50du AMY CHEA 50du elak RTI-Kimemg GñkRsI es[k-G)amKuy 50du ó:sika TUc-Qun ó:sk Lac 45du ó:sika LÚ-bu)nh)ag ó:sk eGa-QIn 45du GñkRsI sux-mYylag 45du Pikú¡ bJ¦aTIe: PYg-bu)nhIum 45du ó:sika Kim-ecgRsu)n 45du ó:sk hYn-CUlag 45du ó:sika sIuv-ykluy 45du NatalI nig DINa 45du ó:sika er]m 45du elak Nib-vg vgSC&yvir; GñkRsI huk-c&nÞdalIs 45du GñkRsI Titü-sarin RKYsar nig buRt 45du ó:sika nub-rs 45du ó:sika mm-Gun 45du ó:sika eTs-sIuza 45du ó:sk Ca-ehg ó:sika EGm-mMu 45du ó:sika Qun-KwmRsIu nig buRtZIta 45du ó:sika Ca-laghIu nig buRtZIta 45du GñkRsI zacç elakmut-qut Priya nig buRtZIta 45du Zmμacarü zac´-esA GacarüvibsSna 45du

-490- ó:sika ywm-sar¨n 45du Gwg-lagKgç TaLag mYy 45du Ca-vYclag 45du mhaó:sika Ekv-eBRC c&nÞ-sIuzul 44du ó:sk lak´-pn ó:sika cun-eGt 44du ó:sk RKU eta-sVag 44du ó:sika QYn-g¨n 44du GñkRsIesk-NavI esk-maZin esk-munIrtna Kwm-bu:ödnNa 44du elak GaMg-sUvan´ nig Ehm-c&nÞsupl 42du GñkRsI raMg-suhVInIç GñkRsI raMg-suNnþa 42du elak sunn-sux nih Ehm-cnÆI 42du RTI-KwgeLg emA-éqGIuv RTI-suKa 41du ó:sika el]m-Lm 40du ó:sika taMg-kYy 40du elak qay-RTI nig GñkRsI lI-eG[veqg 40du ó:sika Xut-sutç GñkRsIraMg-punç TuM-NariTÆ esg-daenRt nig buRtZIt 40du ó:sika QU-ERcg 40du Pikú¡ Twm-jú¨l 40du elak FRANK LY 40duu eGam-eC]n 40du ó:sika epg-nag 40du ó:sika eLg-j¨ 40du ó:sk epg-hIum ó:sika Rs)ag-G)a nig kUnecA 40du ó:skezt-rinçó:sikaem¨A-xatç ezt-kUç Guwm-ek]tç rin-kuslç rin-cMerInç suIv-vir;ç b\TÆi-rtn; 40du ó:sika can-jwm 40du ev]n 40du ó:sika Ekv-b)U 40du elak Kat-RCwm ehAsavI GñkRsI lwm-yu¨m kUnecA 40du GñkRsI SU MARIE 40du elak eG[m-es[kKim GñkRsIeG[m-Kimh)n 40du ó:sika gU)m-ym 40du yuvCn lI-suviciRt ‘bUra’ 40du

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-492- lwm-bu)neZ]n min-savan´ nig kun 35du elak eBA-kuc GñkRsI eTs-h)n 35du ó:sika éz-taMg 35du elak RBMú-Lay nig Priya 35du elak Cin-suKnÆ GñkRsI ehg-sIuh)ag 35du ó:sika hu)n-Bt RBmTaMgbuRtZIta 35du ó:sika Guit-Lúm 35du ó:sika kan-qn 35du Pikú¡ eBRC-suZIr 35du Pikú¡ swm-yIm 35du elak rULg´-DI EBk-supan 35du elak rU-samlI RBmTaMgbuRt 35du elak jwm-EBk mMu-saer]n 35du elak KYy-suzun GñkRsI ln´-sIunYn 35du elak KYy-suvNÑariTÆi GñkRsI bu)t-r&tñ 35du ó:sk y¨m-Edg ó;sika ehg-van´DI 35du kJ¦a y¨m-cinþaç kJ¦a y¨m-plaç kJ¦a y¨m-c&nÞru¨g 35du elakRsI su)y-pløI kumara GaLicsinda kumarI GJ¢lI 35du elak y¨m-KirIvan´ GñkRsI Kwm-suPaB kumara ym-ernDI kumarI y¨m-XalI ó:sika ecg-Rsu)n 35du ó:sk mIu-sarn ó:sika LaMg-Cag 35du ó:sika eh[n-sUÉm 35du GñkRsI zg-cYb 35du elak GY)g-Kagehg GñkRsI ehA-emg nig buRtZIta 35du ó:sk DYg-Eqm ó:sika Gu)y-G)at 35du elak ebg-Cut GñkRsI sIuv-ehg nig buRtZIta 35du ó:sika er]n-raC ó:sk q-ePaK nig buRtZIta 35du ó:sika Gu)n-pUr nig buRtZIta 35du ó:sika biul-saKuN nig buRtZIta 35du GñkRsI tan´-eqgsIum nig buRtZIta 35du elak Ebn-suxn GñkRsI Xiv-esdða 35du elak KU-bu)nkan GñkRsI esg-zg 35du elak pn-vI GñkRsI ln-eLg 35du ó:sk Gun-ln ó:sika ehg-ln´ 35du

-491- But-suKnÆvarI 40du GñkmIg sn-eLn 40du NARY 40du GkRsI DI-vNÑ; nig RKYsar 40du ó:sika CMu-Xn ó:sk RBM-rit nig buRt 40du GñkRsI vNÑarI nig RKYsar 40du RKYsar esg-KIm nig Priya 40du MARY DY 40du :n´-suxehg Priya :n´-suxun 40du ó:skKYy-Zun ó:sika ZUr-mMu 40du GñkRsI tUc-sarI 40du Pikú¡ cab-j¨m 40du DIANE TAN & SOKLY TAN BRIAN 40du ó:sika nYn-pn 40du GñkRsI swm-Kimyun RBmTaMgbuRt 40du elak ZmμNat CnRbsiTiƾ 40du ó:sika júk-hY 40du nag j¨ 40du ó:sika RbI-yu¨m 40du ó:sika esþIg-muy 40du ó:sika muI-ravI 40du ó:sika mUra 40du bNÐit TYn-suP&®kþ 40du taMg-gu¨yLag 40du GñkRsI sIm-eLn 40du ó:sika gI-eq 40du ó:sika canza Ln 40du elakGacarü Kg´-yut 40du eG)[r-zaj´ nig kUnecA 35du y¨g´-malI 35du Tan´-say TIv-erm nig kUnecA 35du RtaMg-Edn nig kUnecA 35du yU-KuNvut Priya nig kJ¦a yU-munIr&tñ 35du yk´-RBIda kJ©na nig kUn 35du

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-493- elak eG[m-XunNavuZ GñkRsI éN-yMu 35du elak kaMg-ehg GñkRsItan´-GayKYn 35du GñkRsI gY¨n-Kwmesg 35du KY-hIug nig kUnecA 35du Kg´-sU nig kUnecA 35du EGm-edIg nig kUnecA 35du ó:sk esg-sUt ó:sika sunÞr¾-Zwg 32du ó:sk qug-jib ó:sika srit-sYm 32du zan sUpun nig eZ]nyav 32du GñkRsI mas-dm 30du Ca-say 30du Lay-mMu 30du ó:sika bu)t-saxn RBmTaMgRKYsar 30du ó:sika Ekm-zul nig buRt 30du ó:sika Gun-j¨ 30du ó:sika rs-supl 30du ó:sk CU-mI RKYsar 30du elak sIupan bu:ö 30du ó:sika eG)[g-KwmhY)y 30du ó:sika nwm 30du elakGacarü Ótþb|; GñkRsI su)M-su)k buRtZIta 30du GñkRsI RkYc-Gul GñkRsI esg-bU 30du SAREN TOUN 30du elak Ok-KimGan GñkRsI pløa 30du ó:sika GI-Rsu)n 30du GñkRKU esda-lIzun 30du eBA-NarIn 30du bu)nNarMu-C&y suxa-esg 30du elak MAK NIMUL 30du RKI-supavI nig vNÑZI 30du elak QYm-Qwt nig RKYsar 30du ó:sika muI-GY)k 30du ó:sika Gu)k-el]b 30du ó:sika sU-es[n ehA sUpn-sU 30du

-494- RkumRKYsar kUnecA ejam G)n-sr 30du YAN SIM 30du ó:sika G)at-eGg 30du nag qat-eqam nig buRtZIta 30du ó:sika b)it-zgxaM 30du lI-ranI vitæara-tan 30du ó:sika e:¨-eyg nig buRtZIta 30du ó:sika Tn-yin 30du ó:sika can-KImhY)y 30du elak DI-sUpl GñkRsI hYy-sat 30du elak RKI-Cinlag nig suxa 30du ó:sika es]g-el]g ó:sika yan 30du GñkRsI bu¨k-suKnÆaruZ 30du GñkRsI Lay-KuyeGg RBmTaMgbuRt 30du elak sMbU-can´ GñkRsI Gwn-júI 30du ó:sika muM-Kwmeqg 30du ó:sk CMu-ehg 30du ó:sika Kwm-hU 30du LIHOUR PROM 30du GñkRsI rs-esAran 30du elak mas-Kg´ GñkRsI mas-TUc 30du ó:sk RBm-pn ó:sika eBaZi-BaC 30du ó:sika mYg-c&nÞ nig buRtZIta 30du ó:sika GU)-yutæanI eLg can´ rsμI 30du ó:sika SENG SEANG LIM 30du ó:sika Ext-XI 30du ó:sika Gwm-sav 30du

ó:skes)[k-Rsu)n ó:sika Kit-Rs)un 30du

elak XYn Nun nig sk suInYn 30du elak can´-samn´ GñkRsI pløI 30du elak eh]t-em]n GñkRsI CIva 30du ó:sk Kat-RCwm ehA savI 30du nag pan-Na 30du elakGacarü bu¨k-eZ]n ó:sika jaN-eQ]m 30du

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-496- elak Kin-bu)nraNa GñkRsI bu)n-NarI-C&y 30du ó:sika bu)nN-em]n 30du ó:sika mYg-sarum nig buRt 30du ejamRsI mIu-pU 30du ó:sika TUc-yU¨n 30du GñkRsI GM-suxeX]n elakEk-ParuN nig buRt 30du GñkRsI XunnI-Guwg nig kUnecA 30du ó:sk mm-lag ó:sika rs-hu)t 30du ó:sk hu)l-sarMu ó:sika hu)l-tn 30du ó:sika CI ó:sk bU¨n 30du Pikú¡ Bisidð-kMsanþ 30du PIkú¡ Kl-sIunYn 30du ó:sika em]g-yan 30du lI-Bnøk hU)-bU¨lIeN lI-ZwmbI 30du DI-es[g bU¨lI-ENt-hU) JONATHAN JULIE 30du ó:sk R:k´-viq&y ó:sika Edg-puncMerIn 30du ó:sika ezag-suZI sVamI nig buRt 30du GñkRsI epg-Kwmj¨an 30du kJ¦a epg-cinþa 30du ó:sika run-créN 30du ó:sika Duc-saxn nig buRtZIta 30du ó:sika GMu-mn 30du ó:sika yu¨n� nig kUnecA 30du CHAND YOUST & VI B. NGUYEN 30du

ó:sika vay-run 27du

elakGacarü ZUr-emA ó:sika yuwy-yag 27du ó:sk yim-hiri nig Priya su)m-eBt 27du ó:sika ecg-lwm 25du elak etg-eP nig RKYsar 25du elakGacarü hiri GñkRsI su)M-eTB nig buRtZIta 25du

ó:sk es ó:sika sug 25du

NCHIN & CHAI EATON 25du

ó:sika TYn-mMu 25du ó:sika Kim-kn 25du

-495- ó:sika lwm-QYn 30du elak Kwm-kn GñkRsI Kwm-Narin nig buRt 30du ó:sika R:k´-han 30du ó:sk Ekm-san 30du ó:sika esg-Kwmh)n 30du ó:sika G)ak-KIm 30du ó:sika b)it-zgxaM 30du elakGacarü enRt-eK]n 30du ó:sk sYK(-Rsu)n 30du GñkRsI supn-exn 30du ó:sika Cin-sIuveGg 30du ó:sika Gu)n-yun 30du Pikú¡ sniþ:letær Qn-GUn 30du Pikú¡ Zmμvineya TUc-pn 30du Pikú¡ ywm-viciRt 30du Pikú¡ exmieya eG]n-h)ag 30du Pikú¡ siumhk-ehg 30du ó:sika sr-yut 30du elak ePa-supat GñkRsIsux-yI 30du TOUCH & SIMONE 30du ó:sika van´-da 30du elak gik-lI lki¡Na-lI nig RkumRKYsar 30du lI-em]n 30du ó:sk R:k´-Pac ó:sika sux-eP]n 30du man-cy pn-eGg 30du ó:sika r&tñ-su)M 30du Cn-vNÑI sVayGat 30du esA-bIlI Ekv-malI 30du ó:sika e:¨-eyg 30du rI-Eg¨t tUv-eKc ln 30du elakR:k´-BuTÆI GñkRsI nub-suPa 30du ó:sika xat ó:sika en]y-ex]m 30du elak eBRC-Qwg nig RKYsar 30du ó:sika Kwm-Guin 30du

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-498- GñkRsI mu¨n-ramIu 21du GñkRsI mu¨n-sUpn 21du ó:sika Ehm-savI 20du ó:sika su)g-es]m 20du ó:sika suxum-ERs eLn-er]g 20du ó:sika Ehm-ywm 20du sameNr Ecm-savat ó:sika su)um-su)k 20du yuvCn zac´-cnnI 20du GñkRsI suP®kþ-eD]g 20du Gwum-salI 20du elak zaMg-ecv RBmTaMgRKYsar 20du ó:sika mil-malI 20du elak zac´-ezg GñkRsI R:k´-sam 20du kJ¦a lI-zugsUlIda 20du kJ¦a lI-sUlINa 20du ó:sk lI-zug ó:sika maX-Kwmsan 20du YONG SITHON 20du ó:sika GU)-eqg nig kUnRsI lIda 20du elak saer]t-rit nig RKYsar 20du ó:sk sYn-sari ó:sika Twm-j¨ 20du ó:sika jaN-suM 20du ó:sika Ny-bu)nma 20du elak hYy-y¨ug GñkRsI hu)n-saru¨m nig buRt 20du Pikú¡ suZmμb|eJ¦a c&nÞ-sIuç ó:sika su)y-sag 20du elakRKUsURt pl 20du lwm-jú¨l Bin-Giut nig kUnecA 20du sU)-Lúg EN-ywm 20du ó:sika Kg-suKnÆa nig buRtZIta 20du ó:sika Lúg-sIunYn 20du elak sn-Nat nig RKYsar 20du elak ex[v-darar&tñ GñkRsI gYn-c&nÞza 20du elak sM-saer]n GñkRsI em]n-yuwg 20du Mr. CHM KHOUN 20du lwm-suIvb)I nig buRtkμÜy Gwug-bu)n-emA BisI-eC[v buRtZIta 20du

-497- elak Twt-sat 25du ó:sika saray-R:k 25du lUt-eQ]n 25du GñkRsI Ém-eBA 25du GñkRsI nin-Din 25du Gwum-can´ 25du R:k´-Gat´ 25du GñkRsI sMu)-saKn nig RKYsar 25du

IM KIMCHHORN 25du

ó:sika tat-munI 25du

elak bin-kan´ GñkRsI r&tñ-zn kan-eZ]n kan´-suxa Kan´-da kan´-suZa 24du GñkRsI TONG TIBET 24du ó:sika sr-yut nig buRtZIta 22du bc©&bMsukUl enAvtþsantaGaN 22du GñkRsI sarMu nig kUnecA 22du ó:sika exm-ERcs 22du bgRsI sarum-biuc 22du elak samYn-buk 22du ó:sika ebs,alIn 21du GñkRsI biuc 21du elak sMran-vNÑda GñkRsI yin-y¨an kJ¦a yin-vn 21du ó:sk yuaMg-sIug ó:sika zg-s)y 21du esg-nI nig kUnecA 21du buk-KYn nig kUnecA 21du elak hug-Ék GñkRsI pat-júib 21du ó:sika sux-hYg 21du elak zac´-bu)nZI GñkRsI eD]g-sarat 21du GñkRsI Ekv-c&nÆI nig buRt 21du ó:sika buic-suxum nig buRt 21du elak Qim-eG]g GñkRsI Qwm-vNÑa 21du elak Qwm-saxn GñkRsI Lac-saer]n 21du elak ekA-Cin GñkRsI Ekv-lYn 21du

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-500- elak vuD¿I GñkRsI emA 20du ó:sk zaj´-epg 20du ó:sika yun-ek[n 20du Ek-ZI nig eLg-sunI 20du LANG HIELL 20du SAM-YORK 20du lIm-CU 20du elakecA-eg¨a GñkRsIeLa-nag 20du eG[g-sux nig kUnecA 20du nag-hu)n nig kUnecA 20du ó:sk lI-sn ó:sika esIn-RTI 20du TAING MUY LANG 20du ó:sika Ekv-eBRCcaM suI-zul 20du yuvCn esam-suPkþI 20du kJ¦a esam-suCa 20du ó:sk zac´-sUpat ó:sika y¨g-vnñI 20du Pikú¡ rs-yan 20du ó:sika zg-xaM 20du ó:sk siun-emn ó:sika bu¨n-ri 20du kJ¦a esam-c&nÞ suBIn 20du ó:sika y¨an-run 20du ó:sika eX]m nig RKYsar 20du Pikú¡ ywm-viciRt 20du GñkRsI suePaK-KnÆa 20du ó:sika h)Yy-KwmeLg nig kUnecA 20du yuvCn esam-suP&N 20du Emn-sueX]n 20du GñkRsI Gu)g-siIpan´Na 20du KEN SOPHON 20du Gacarü kaMg-ehg nig RKYsar 20du Gwun-tg 20du elak er]n 20du elak ér-Emm GñkRsI emA-sIuNag 20du elak ha-j¨t zn-DI 20du

-499- PHATH RTH 20du Qit-dav suCata elak lI-suxEDn qI-malINa 20du Gñknag DIANNA KAO nig buRt 20du RAKSMEY MEAS & MOEUN YIM 20du kumara DAVIS BOURAMAI CHHLAT 20du GñkRsI SOPHY LONG 20du rdðanI 20du ó:sk pat-saevIuy 20du NICOLE HOUR 20du ó:sika Kg-suKnÆa 20du ó:sika zul 20du yay es]m 20du suPa-zav 20du laP nig kUnecA 20du elak :n-r¨b GñkRsI NavI 20du elak nU-sM:n nig RKYsar 20du GuM-zug 20du bk-pun 20du Kg-Giun nig RKYsar 20du ó:sika Kwm-kn 20du ó:sika Ey¨m-Tum ó:sika Ey¨m-tg 20du ó:sika mas-pa 20du cMerIn nig Priya 20du ó:sk Ebn-bn 20du elakQan-lwmh)ag GñkRsI taMg-KImeLg 20du elak huk-sumnbuRt GñkRsI huk-niml 20du elak rtna 20du ó:sk ezt-rin ó:sika emA-xat kUnecA 20du GñkRsI si-cn 20du ó:sk Lúg-er]n 20du RBM-es]m 20du Kwm-B&n 20du Zara¨ 20du zg-és-KMu RBmTaMgbuRt 20du

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-502- Ka-eqg lI-PYg sIuv-eGg Kwm-yin 20du GñkRsI CMu-suCat 20du elakGacarü zac´-guk Ca-Kimtak 20du ó:sika hgS-sMGul 20du elak suyuTÆ-ecLa GñkRsI RCUk-hac 20du Gacarünag-Nat 20du sUm-vuTÆI vnñI 20du ranI nig RKYsar 20du GñkmIg emA-sarun 20du GñkRsI qun-rit nig RKYsar 20du elak R:k´-Pn GñkRsI Pin-van´Nan 20du elak bu¨k-suKnÆaNa 20du GñkRsI sIum-saErn elak epg-hYt nig buRt 20du ó:sika QW-suIvh)ag 20du TUc-lwmesg Emn-suex]n 20du ó:sika mas-da 20du ó:sika can-sUpat 20du Tayika BisI 20du ó:sika xan-hYy 20du Qit-dav c&nÞsita Ekv-suvNÑ 20du ó:sk Xun-emhav ó:sika es[v-eqg 20du ó:sika Kg-ey¨n 20du SOPHAN TAN 20du elak sux-em]t GñkRsI ehg-van´ 20du elak sU)-swum GñkRsI Kin-sMbUr 20du RBh μ-mas suvNÑ 20du ó:sika ys-mn 20du elak LaMg-Kimeqg 20du Tayk supl 20du GñkRsIsk-sMen[g nig RKYsar 20du GñkRsI hIum-Lúg 20du GñkRsI nI-pa nig PVamI 20du GñkRsI sYn-vI nig sVamI 20du GñkRsI van´-eP[ 20du

-501- mIg-Lwg 20du Gñknag DIEM KAO nig buRt 20du hM-TI 20du ywm-pløa RBmTaMgRKYsar 20du ó:sika pa-erIn 20du :n-hYr 20du ó:sika NaM-sIu 20du ó:sika Kwm-es[n 20du lim-CU 20du esn-yat 20du ó:sk sm|tþi-hY)t ó:sika sm|Úr-:n 20du ó:sika Gu)k-ép ó:sk Qun-GIu 20du ó:sika san-supat 20du GñkRsI Zin-NarinÞ nig buRt 20du ó:sika Ek-ey]n 20du ejam hiun-pan 20du ó:sika ezag-Xan 20du ó:sk Ebn-jwm ó:sika tU-sarI 20du ó:sika muwg-ln 20du ó:sika elg-eG]g 20du ó:sk tul-eX[ 20du ó:sika gwn-sat 20du elak tan´-Rsun nig RKYsar 20du taMg-rI nig SAMPHEARY 20du elakRsI pa-vNÑarI 20du elak Ebn-sux nig RKYsar 20du elak Titü-NUva 20du elakRbus HAM SOEUNG 20du cnÆÚ 20du Pikú¡ KEM SOPHORN 20du GñkRsI supl-mMu 20du ó:sk Qun-bu)nTI 20du ó:sk yin-KuN 20du Pikú¡ esam-vnæa vtþGu)kELn 20du

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-503- ó:sika ju¨k-hY RBmTaMgbuRt 20du ó:sika h-su)n 20du ó:sika sy-bu)n 20du ó:sika es[k-es[n 20du ó:sika lwm-yum ehA salI 20du kJ¦a yin-canNara 20du ó:sika zac-er¨g 20du elak ex[v-saer]n nig RKYsar 20du elak Duk-bu)nPit nig Nm-vit 20du sux-nIn nag Cwm-kJ¦a 20du supanNÑarI ADAM, CHRISTOPHER, SOUR LENG KAO LEE ABEL 20du SOPHEA KEN, MORN KEN, PHALLY SHMITH,

CHENDA KEN, GASSENDRA KEN, ALVIN KEN,

SOPHEAP SAMITH 20du GñkRsI Nub-NMu 20du ó:sika Cuk-es]n 20du GñkRsI bU¨-Nn 20du ó:sk QWn-bu)nlWt nig Priya 20du ó:sika sy-b)un 20du ó:sika es[k-es[n 20du ó:sika lwm-yu¨m ehA salI 20du kJ¦a yin-canNara 20du ó:sik zac-er¨g 20du Ca-EkvbUrun san-suxa 20du elak tUc-ób|ala ‘qWt’ 20du SAORAN LATOUR 20du BIN VETH 20du BIN TOUCH 20du BIN ARTH 20du BIN RITH 20du BIN BO 20du GñkRsI sIum-bu:ö nig buRt 20du

-504- GñkRsI hM-sMGat nig buRt 20du mut-supl ePa-sUev]n 20du kemøaH ezt-kU nig dar; 20du elakta ert 20du ó:sika kan-saran´ 20du nag bu:ö 20du ex[v-Nat 20du ó:sika eGam-ec[n 20du GñkRsI sM-samn ó:sk esk-es)[n kUnecA 20du ó:sika esn-Cwm 20du van-can 20du DI-ENt eK]n 20du bu¨n-emA 20du saran 20du savat 20du ó:sika yin-DInut 20du GñkRsI Gu)g-ZarI 20du eBA-Titüa 20du suCat nag eP]g 20du elak munIsUta-eTB 20du GñkRsI esaP&N 20du ó:sika LúgEbn 20du GñkRsI yI 20du GñkRsI y¨an 20du elak lwm-es[g 20du ó:sk eck-Xan 20du ó:sika Eb¨n-sYn 20du mak´-Gu)y nig ywm-hu)n 20du run-céN 20du GñkRsI éN elakta PI 20du exøIt nig RKYsar 20du elak sarat´ GñkRsI eG[n 20du mac-Cn nig RKYsar 20du R:k´-sm|tþi can´-éL nig RKYsar 20du

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-506- ó:sk Kwm-saMg ó:sika sYs 20du ó:sika elg 20du elak G)ab-haMgXun GñkRsI Guwg-lIKag 20du ó:sika esþIg-muy 20du GñkRsI eZ]n elakemA buRtZIta 20du elak su)m-vNÑ; GñkRsI vNÑI buRtZIta 20du ó:sika eBRC-sYn 20du elak kg-CYn GñkRsITUc-ern 20du ó:sk RBMu-ey]n 19du ó:sk Ekv-qat ó:sika ng-run 18du ó:sk ekA-lIesg ó:sika cab-manI 18du RsI-eh]n nig kUn 18du sIum-evgKav nig kUn 18du elak sIum-sarit GñkRsI h)y-Esn nig buRtZIta 18du elak sUt-etg GñkRsI h)y-es[n nig buRtZIta 18du elak lwm-Tit GñkRsI Esm-suxun 18du ó:sika Gu)n-ép ehAsIuza 18du elak h)y-suzan GñkRsI su)m-mac nig buRt 18du Gñk«tmaneQ μaH 17du ó:sika G)av-bY)y nig buRtZIta 17du elak sarYn nig RKYsar 15du GñkRsI taMg-CavNÑ; 15du Gu)g-sMxan´ Ca-Kuyh)ag 15du ó:sika eLa-samu¨t 15du ó:sika Lúg-nag 15du elak ecg-Ka GñkRsI Qwm-cnñI 15du eb-sar¨g 15du elakRbus CHARO BAN 15du mIn-sag 15du elak mu¨k-eK[g nig RKYsar 15du elak bYg-taMg nig RKYsar 15du Gacarü Gu)k-Esm ó:sika hg-Cwm 15du ó:sika sat-can´ 15du elak R:k´-pn GñkRsI Pin-:Nan 15du

-505- elak nig elakRsI Zam-Gun 20du SIA REN QA 20du GñkRsI emA-eh[g 20du elak pU-cy GñkRsI yI 20du ó:sika Gu)n-G)n 20du elak em-bu¨g 20du h)un-Kwmehg 20du elak Ca-s)uvtæna GñkRsIXun-sUnIma nig buRt 20du hug (HONG) 20du GñkRsI lI-KwmsIu 20du Ev¨n-saer]n 20du ó:sk eck-Xan 20du ó:sk Qun-emA 20du elak Ca-hY)g GñkRsI tU-supanNa 20du GñkRsI pa-qay¨asIu 20du GñkRsI Kwm-han 20du GñkRsI Kwm-ehg 20du GñkRsI mIu-suZar 20du SEAK CHEA 20du Qin-lI (CHIN LEE) 20du ó:sika tUc-XunNag 20du BOU SAMY 20du ó:sika gI-eq 20du elak hiun-suvNÑ nag Guwg-mYyh)ag 20du GñkRsI lwm-bu:ö 20du GñkRsI lI-Eg¨t elakkUv-Kih©lg 20du GñkRsI can´-lI 20du GñkRsI sIum-sarn nigRKYsar bu:ö-sIum 20du ó:sika sIu-eln 20du Ca-EkvbUrun san-suxa 20du tUc-ób|ala ‘qwt’ 20du vatZir; 20du ó:sika mYg-es]n nig buRt 20du suxumç elakr&tñ-vu¨nç DI-y¨anIç rUsalInç rUsanINara 20du

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-507- elak Kwm-sarun GñkRsI rU-KirI 15du ó:sika Eqm-Lab nig buRtZIta 15du SOUPHAPHONE KEOVONGKOT 15du GñkRsI ranI elak BuTÆCn nig buRtZIta 15du elakes[v-KImvYc nig Priya 15du elak TUc-TiB GñkRsI exm-PaB 15du elak es[n GñkRsI criya 15du elak eBIg-ey]m 15du GñkRsI eBIg-suxum 15du eBIg-ciretC 15du eBIg-cirvNÑ 15du yaMug-vinña 15du Gug-sMGat nig RKYsar 15du eC]-ZI 15du Ca-KwmeLg 15du Ej¨m-Lag 15du ó:sika TYn-savin nig RKYsar 15du ó:sika eLa-sIurun 15du nag lki¡Na 14du elak sUg-suPaB GñkRsI sUg-malI 14du ó:sika eTs-sun nig kUnecA 14du elak sux-ehg ó:sika es]g-eGg 14du elak zac´-QYg GñkRsI Ey¨m-cnÆÚ nig buRtZIta 14du GñkRsI em]n-rsμI nig buRtZIta 13du yaMug-daM 12du ó:sika R:k´-yin 12du elak Ekv-Ekn EBk-suPa 11du elak EBk-sMNag RsI EGm 11du Pwg-sarit 12du ó:sika cab-Xin 11du ó:sika ém¨-saer¨t 11du ó:sika pan-sYg 11du kJ¦a hug-PanI 11du elak esg-sut GñkRsI h)y-eBA 11du

-508- elak esg-siun nig kUn esg-salINa 11du elak esg-sIum GñkRsI Ej¨m-eK]n 11du kJ¦a esg-rtna 11du GñkRsI Lac-supl 11du ó:sika Egt-hYy 11du GñkRsI sIusuvtæi c&nÞ vløki¡Na 11du elak esk-Gag 11du elak h)y-suxa GñkRsI cnÆI nig buRtZIta 11du nag Lac-supan 11du elak EBk-smÖsS 11du elak EBk-sMeG[t kut-ér¨ 11du eb-saer]n 10du nag :éL 10du nag sunYn 10du GñkRsI jwb 10du GñkRsI y¨g´-emA 10du elak PU-etg GñkRsI ZI 10du elakRsI ma-suTÆ 10du GñkRsI G)ag-Cav 10du san-sIuXn 10du pløI-Xut 10du GñkRsI esA-saer[b elak tan´-suxa 10du GñkRsI eLA-Kwmh)ag elak esA-sarYn 10du eb-suxum 10du Kwmsan-Ca 10du pU-PIerIk 10du ó:sika esuIg-ZIh)n 10du ó:sikia CMu-zn 10du elak siun-eK[m 10du elak Emn-emt nig RKYsar 10du ó:sk Gin-sn 10du elak jil-em]n RBmTaMgRKYsar 10du GñkRsI CHAN DOUNG CHAN 10du ó:sika Es 10du

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-510- elak eZ]m GñkRsI ENb 10du ó:sika gU¨v-mYyLay 10du ó:sika ehg-sIuveT[g nig buRtZIta 10du ó:sika lI-sarI 10du ó:sika eBA-yWn ó:sk Guwm-Xn 10du nag :y-GUn nig RkumRKYsar 10du Pikú¡ RBM-es[n 10du GñkRsI ehg-Qab 10du elak sarat-rit nig RKYsar 10du ó:sika cwk-eg]n 10du SOPOHY ROEUNG «N-et SON 10du sn-sYn 10du GñkRsI ép-lI 10du ó:sika Lúg-GIum 10du ó:sika Cwm-Gul 10du ó:sika esg-Kwmh)n nig buRt 10du ó:sika r&tñ 10du GuM Lac 10du ó:sika Ca-su)nsIum 10du KIm-eh[g 10du Kuy-vanNa 10du Ekv-es]n 10du MUY VOUN 10du ó:sk Gu)n-sarum 10du ecA-eLAhVúg Cug-sugem¨g ecA-eyavlUg 10du ó:sika Nm 10du GñkRsI TUc-KImeGg RBmTaMgbuRt 10du KIM BERLY HUN SOK DIM IM 10du hYt-el]t nak-rwm 10du hIug-h)n ehA kuk-saran´ xwm-san´ 10du ó:sika em[g-emA Xwm vNÑa 10du ó:sk lI-KIv ó:sika eta-eGg 10du van´-Gu)m 10du ó:sika yI-RCin 10du

-509- c&nÞtanIEkv 10du hYt nig RKYsar 10du elakGacarü eBRC-visuTÆIOm ó:sika sUt-sazn 10du GñkRsI sIuy¨an-eNt 10du Khmning Annie (Pann) Family 10du PMu RBmTaMgRKYsarç ruN-RBmTaMgRKYsar 10du GñkRsI s-suxa 10du GñkRsI jwk-lI 10du kJ¦a em[c-mkra 10du elak Ekv-kusl 10du KAO CHANDANY 10du GñkRsI Cam-hVwg 10du elak Gu)k-su)m GñkRsI Gu)k-epgeLg 10du elak Giuj-sij GñkRsI Cuy-éNGuij 10du GaPa 10du elak mURt-viciRt GñkRsIEk-es]n 10du qan´-Cn 10du lIm-suxCU 10du GñkRsI Et-sIuvlag 10du GñkRsI GIu-ywk EGm-mI-yaM 10du elakCYg-:¨n nag jiúl-maliH nig júil-«®nÞIy¾ 10du nag KIM ROS 10du CHAYA DARY nig kUnTaMg 2 10du ó:sika Lúg-GIu 10du ó:sika TUc-y¨un 10du ó:sika b)n-ra 10du ó:sika RBH-Qag 10du nag lI-Eq 10du GñkRsI pan´-sarIm 10du ó:sk zac´-sUpat GñkRsI yg-vnñI 10du elakyay tan´-:v 10du davI-rit 10du ó:sika RbIy-y¨um 10du ó:sika GY)-ng 10du

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-511- eG]n-tug NarI 10du pan´-savat 10du elak mas-saMg 10du ó:sika can-Lúg nig kUncan-lI 10du GñkRsI Dug-bPavtþI sVamI nig buRt 10du GñkRsI RBwn-ran´ 10du GñkRsI nYn-suPI 10du GñkRsI sYn-suxum 10du Tayk zn 10du ejam es[g-lim 10du elaksirI-sM:n nig RKYsar 10du ó:sika sux-y¨an 10du elak y¨av-nag nagsuxa 10du ó:sika Gwm-eG]n 10du ejam lINa 10du ó:sika miul-buic 10du ó:sika twk-Gun 10du ó:sika EGm-eTt 10du ó:sk esk-mu¨n ó:sika Ekv-G)n 10du ó:sika G)ab-c&nÞlI 10du ó:sika yin-Ekm 10du ó:sika muwg-ln 10du GñkRsI eG]n-sarI 10du EmLÚ-zaenaka 10du Qit-davKuNRTI 10du Qit-davciRta 10du Qit-davesA-vanñI 10du elak eTs-samit 10du elak bU)-eyIn nig sumalI 10du ó:sika eG]g 10du Tayika cnÆÚ 10du nut-sIum 10du Gu)-sIun 10du GñkRsI BMu-sUPI elak mYg-sMGat 10du

-512- ó:sika mu¨m-rI 10du elak bu)n-el]g nig Priya 10du elak ywm-esg GñkRsIes]n 10du GñkRsI bu)n-ehg 10du kJ¦a Ey¨m-RsImuM 10du kJ¦a Ey¨m-RsIGUn 10du elak bwuk-Qag GñkRsI Ehm-eqge: 10du ó:ska nYn-esg ó:sika Kg´-Naran´ 10du ó:sika lI-sayCU 10du ó:sika eb-eyn 10du dnøgó:sikaqan-kanCYg 10du epg-nag 10du bu)t-suxa 10du ó:sk saer]n ó:sika bu¨k-min 10du elak Gu)m-supl GñkRsI Lúg-Pa 10du elak sanI GñkRsI Pirun nigbuRtZIta 10du ó:sika Egt-xun 10du elakGacarü sam-KuN ó:sika r&tñ-rI 10du ó:sika vin elakta eC]m kUnecA 10du GñkRsI ranI nig RKYsar 10du GñkRsI rasIu nig RKYsar 10du yuvCn em-panNa 10du ó:sk DI�supl nig RKYsar 10du ó:sika lI-sarI 10du Pikú¡ ezag-G)at 10du Pikú¡ mut-sug 10du ó:sk Qun-savan nig RKYsar 10du GñkRsI siwum 10du ó:sika Gwum-pul 10du Pikú¡ muninÞetæera mhaj¨-eTBmunI 10du GñkRsI Qwm-sag¨at´ 10du elak suvNÑ GñkRsI el]m 10du GñkRsI :y-GUn nig RKYsar 10du elak nYn-en]n nig Priya 10du

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-513- ó:sika eqg-yan 10du ó:sika G(at-eGg 10du mIn-malI 10du Gwug-sg 10du san-suMpit sux-Ca 10du san-suxXn ys-suvNÑ 10du Pikú¡ Eym-Nak bsSenña 10du TI CHHOR 10du G)ak-taMg 10du GñkRsI sux-sM 10du GñkRsI KYc-XIm 10du ó:sika G)um-zul 10du ó:sika hu)y-Pn 10du elak suvNÑ-Qun ó:sika Ebn 10du GñkRsI sIm-Kav 10du e:-éN mIn-sarI 10du can´za nig vNÑarI 10du ó:sika pan-Lúg 9du yaMug-sKuN 9du hu)uy-sevt 9du yaMug-suIvut 9du yaMug-sevt 9du ó:sika eQ]m-ran´ 7du GñkRsI hg´-Kwmy¨an 7du ó:sika Lag 7du ó:sika sM-yin 7du ó:sika DYg-c&nÞbu:ö nig buRt 7du elak erm-GYn 7du ó:sika Em¨n-sium 7du ó:sika Lag 7du GU)c-er]n 7du ó:sika su)n-Lay 7du GñkRsI Cwc-Ng nig GIu-xVan´nI 7du elakta eG]-es]n elakyay Kim-Qun 7du

-514- ó:sika vg-hVwg nig kUn zU-saeLA 7du elak zU-c&nÞtara nig RKYsar 7du GñkRsI zU-ran´DI nig RKYsar 7du GñkRsI zU-nika nig RKYsar 7du elak eb¨g-lI nig surtn¾ 7du elak biul-eG[t GñkRsI sIuNa 7du GñkRsI Ekv-evt 7du GñkRsI Cin-vIra nig sVamI 7du elak Cin-eb[løI nig RsI nut 7du elak sYn-c&nÞI GñkRsI Kwm-lI 7du GñkRsI Qan-eZ]n 7du GñkRsI dYg-NarI 7du sUg-suPa 7du ó:sika Ca-KYr 7du elak zU-suxran´ nig RKYsar 7du elak sUuIm-samu¨n GñkRsI sMsuxn 7du eNn-suxCa 7du sUg-suP&N 7du sUg-EpmmaLa 7du elak lwm-etAexg GñkRsI ehg-sIuhn 7du GULa-éz cM:sIu 6du ó:sika xaM-PU 6du hu)uy-eRbssiN 6du hu)y-eRbstUn 6du ó:sika sut-eTB 6du ó:sika esg-éN 6du RsUy-esg 5du BOUY T. TECH & WANNA W. SAO 5du R:k´_PaC sux-eP]n 5du yuvCn lI-ZarI 5du ó:sk EGm-rin PYn-el]m 5du Eym-savan Qan-hWn 5du elak KI-tugCag nig RKYsar 5du ó:sika pan-sarwm nig buRt 5du

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-516- Qit-davsuxanI 5du elak man-GanI 5du ó:sika DI 5du GñkRsI can´ 5du elak mal-Zan GñkRsI cMer]n 5du bUert nig Zara-suwm 5du elak y¨ug-eC[g GñkRsI ezam-Zag 5du ó:sk RBit-Qut 5du ó:sika zay 5du Chea & Dee RBmTaMgkUnecA 5du Srey Na Vuthy Try 5du Savan Chim, Roy Sarou 5du em]t 5du LaM RBmTaMgkUnecA 5du sin-DI 5du Gcarü CU-mI ó:sika bUlIn kUn 5du elak PYg-ennA nig Priya 5du ó:sika Gu)m-mu¨n 5du ó:sika XYn-xaM 5du elak Rbm-RKYc nig Priya 5du elak Gat´ GñkRsI yin-yi 5du elak Emk-saxn GñkRsI lI-Lúg 5du elakta CMu-sun 5du ó:sika Titü-eln 5du elak eTs-h)n 5du ó:sika DI-bu)nqan 5du GñkRsI esg-pløi 5du CHOUK PHEUN 5du BUNHANG KON 5du ó:ska Qan 5du ó:sika eqg-yan 5du ó:sika GMu-mc 5du ó:sika TUc-sMbUr 5du SAMNANG TOUCH & SOKHEUN 5du

-515- GñkRsI twk-malI nig RKYsar 5du elakGacarü QWn-bu)nelIt 5du ó:sika jwk-elg 5du sib-eyn 5du ywm-yan´Na RBmTaMgbuRt 5du ó:sika suxa-sr 5du Eq-eqghak´ nig RKYsar 5du GñkRsI ym nig elak saer]n 5du elak bu)nel]-GaMxa 5du Kuc-yUtaM nibuRtabuRtI 5du ó:sika GUn nigkUnecA 5du ó:sk ela-suxpn Ev¨n-Lab 5du sVay-sarI 5du Rcic 5du ó:sika bU)-Lay 5du ó:sika bu)n-suxLag 5du Pikú¡ sux-es]n 5du EPn-sug 5du elak ra¨mU¨ nag lI-suPaB RBmTaMgbuRt 5du ó:sika rs-sMu 5du elakyay l nag-bu¨k 5du Ej¨m-saert 5du SADA EUM 5du HEANG VOUN 5du ó:sika Eb¨n-bu¨n nig lI-QYn 5du suZa-CYg nig evt 5du eck-rat 5du ck´-CYn stüa 5du ó:sika siun-yaMu nig buRt 5du Kam-eX]n 5du yin-DI 5du yg-kaM 5du ó:sk QUk-san 5du sUPaB-mutCa 5du

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-517- GñkRsI Pin-nI 5du ó:sika ehg-ehg 5du ó:sika G)m-Nm 5du ó:sika xMu 5du ehg-pan 5du ó:sika eC[m-zun ehARBHGg<tU-jwb 5du ó:sika ey]m 5du elaklI lIsudl nagXa-rU¨Layç lI-can´za 5du elak lI-bU)n lI-supa RBmTaMgbuRt 5du ó:sika sm-sMpan´ 5du lI-suP&N nag van´DI RBmTaMgbuRt 5du elak Ehm-hug GñkRsInut-ninnarI RBmTaMgkUnecA 5du eb-sarU 5du elakRsI LISA NAJARIAN 5du elak ekA-c&nÞdara 5du GñkRsI ALYSSA HAN HENG 5du Ekm-ehg 5du rum-Gu)g 5du elak Ekv-can´ GñkRsI Xwm-eGg 5du CHOY PHANIXAY 5du ó:sika Gag-Ny 5du ó:sika CMu-huIg 5du ó:sika nYn-Pin 5du ó:sika Cuk-es]n 5du GñkRsI qat´-eqam nig RKYsar 5du elak siun-nI nig RKYsar 5du elak sUpat sMGun Emn nig RKYsar 5du eTB-sarinÞ 5du sUvin-hak 5du ó:sika ekA-esgvan 5du elak suyuZa GñkRsI Qun-Nag 5du GñkRsI la 5du ó:sika Ekv-eh 5du

-518- ó:sika pan-sarwm 5du GñkRsI twk-caneZ]n nig RKYsar 5du elak zg-Lak´ GñkRsI lun 5du ó:sk s)an ó:sika suPI 5du GñkRsI sIu-en]t 5du ó:sika ex[v-Nat 5du GñkRsI sMu)-saeK]n nig RKYsar 5du GñkRsI j¨g´-suxn 5du ó:sika saZ-Pwm 5du elak eRK[l-eqam GñkRsI ósSra 5du ó:sika Kwm-eGg 5du ePa-KwmhYy 5du GñkRsI cnÆI elak CMu-saÉm 5du ó:sika Rkij-hug 5du elak mIu-saem]n GñkRsI Qun-sarun 5du ó:sika eda-sIupat 5du ó:sika nut-buic 5du ó:sika Ehm-ehg 5du elak Twm-yu¨n nig RKYsar 5du ó:sk hav ó:sika say 5du ó:sika kg-sIu 5du ó:sika zøag-xn 5du eNn-saem¨t 4du eNn-samut 4du eNn-sueGg 4du eNn-pan´Nat 4du elak Ej¨m-sarwm 4du elak bu)n-jag 4du esm nig suP; 4du r¨nnI-vi lIy¨a 4du GñkRsI sux-vNÑa 4du GñkRsI rI-lInGu)b 4du GñkRsI suCati nig RKYsar 4du ó:sika ENm 4du

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-520-

sUmBuTÆbris&TrgcaMsikSaes[vePA

visuTÆimK<ERb PaKTI3

Edlnwge:HBum¬pSayCaZm μTan

enAeBlxagmuxenHCabnþeT[t .

x x x

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tamkmøaMgsTÆaRCHzøaer[g> xøÜn

sUmTakTg ; Pikú¡vinyZera mhayin-en]n

vtþExμrsantaGaNa

2630 N. Grand Ave. Santa Ana, CA 92705 (714) 744-2844

U.S.A

TakTg; Pikú¡ yan-sarun

vtþnYnmunIram ‘ehAvtþzan´’ PñMeBj

012-87-30-09

nig

TakTg; Pikú¡R:k´-pløI

vtþbTumvtI PñMeBj

092-94-67-87

¼ ¼ ¼

-519-

elak zg-Qut 4du ó:sika nI-van´ 4du elak hU GñkRsI bu)g 4du ó:sika xIm-run 4du h)y-RKIsþÚhVW 4du h)y-RKIsÞINa 4du ó:sika ehg-s)n 3du h)un-esaP&N 3du ó:sika eqam 3du ó:sika Bk 2du ó:sika Cuk-es[v 2du Bin-Qunh)ag 2du ó:sika mm-eG]n 2du emA-rtna 2du suvat-zaNas nig ROBERT 2du

½ Í ½

kMhusEtgmanCaZmμta x\úMsUmxnþIGP&yeTasGMBIsMNakRBHetCHRBH

KuNRBHezranuezr; nig BuTÆbris&TTaMgGs

kalebImankar:teQ μaH ß xuseQ μaH

nig kalebImankarxusq<gedayRbkarepSg>

eT[tenaH sUmRBHetCHRBHKuN nig

BuTÆbris&TTaMgGs GnueRKaHpgcuH .

sUmGrRBHKuN nig GrKuNTukCamun !

sUmRbeKnBr nig CUnBr ♣ ♣ ♣

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