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zflGt k|lqmofdf ;]gf ;dfof]hg / dlxnf n8fs'

æzflGt ® ;+ljwfgsf nflu …dlxnf bafj cleofgÚ åf®f dlxnfd'vL b[li6sf] 0faf6 ;] gf ;dfof] hgsf ;DaGwdf ul®Psf sfo{x¿sf]

cfwf®df tof® ul®Psf] k|ltj] bgsf] ;f®f+zÆ

2 zflGt k|lqmofdf ;]gf ;dfof]hg / dlxnf n8fs'

k[i7e"ld ;+o'Qm ®fi6« ;+3Lo ;'®Iff kl®ifbsf] k|:tfj !#@% sf rf® dxTjk"0f{ vDafx¿

……;xeflutfÚÚ, ……;+®If0fÚÚ ……®f] syfdÚÚ, ……Relief RecoveryÆ åf®f zflGt

lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf åGå k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] k"0f{ ;xeflutf x'g'kg] { s'®f :ki6

kfl®Psf] 5 . To;} u®L ædlxnf dfly x'g] ;a} k|sf®sf lje] bx¿ cGTo ug] {

dxf;lGwn] Æ ;f®e"t ;dfgtfsf] l;4fGtx¿ cjnDag u®L ®fHo ;~rfngsf

;a} k|lqmofx¿df dlxnfsf] k"0f{ ;xeflutf u®fO{ dlxnfdfly x'g] ;a} k|sf®sf

e] befj pGd"ng ug{ ®fHoåf®f k|ltj4tfsf] dfu ub{5 . o;sf ;fy} dfgj

clwsf®sf] ljZjJofkL 3f] if0ff–kq gful®s, ®fhg}lts tyf ;fdflhs cfly{s

clwsf® ;DalGw k|lt1fkqx¿, dfgjclwsf®, ;fdflhs ljsf; nufotsf

ljZj dlxnf ;Dd] ng h:tf ljleGg g}lts Pj+ afWosf®L b:tfj] hx¿n] ®fHon]

;dfgtfsf] l;4fGt k|ltkflbt u®L dlxnf k'?ifsf] dfgjclwsf® ;'lglZrt

ug'{kb{5 ® o;sf] k|d'v lhDd] jf®L ®fHoåf®f lnOg'kb{5 eGg] :ki6 pNn] v

u®] sf] 5 .

g] kfnsf] cGtl®d ;+ljwfg log} dfgjclwsf®sf l;4fGtx¿df cfwfl®t 5 .

;+ljwfgtM ;a}nfO{ ;dfg Aojxf® ul®g] 5 egL :ki6 ls6fg ul®Psf] 5 . t®

Jojxf®df o:tf] x'g ;s] sf] 5}g . g] kfnL dlxnfx¿ ®fHoåf®f cem} lje] lbt

5g\ . bf] ;|f] bhf{df :yflkt 5g\ . o:sf] :ki6 k|ltljDj, xfn zflGt lgdf{0f

k|lqmofsf ;DaGwdf rn] sf] jx; ® ul®g] sfo{x¿df ;d] t k|ltlalDjt x'G5 .

o;tkm{ u+eL® eO{ ;] gf ;dfof] hgsf nflu lhDd] jf®L af] s] sf æ;] gf ;dfof] hg

ljz] if ;ldltÆ tyf lhDd] jf® ®fhg}lts kf6L{x¿n] sfd ug{ cfjZos 5 . o;f]

x'g g;s] b] z åGbsf] kL8fjf6 aflx® lg:sg ;Sg] 5}g .

ljifo k|j]z!@ a'Fb] ;Demf}tfaf6 ;'? ul®Psf] b] zsf] zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmof clxn] w®fkdf

k®] sf] 5 . zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmofsf] d"n d'2fsf] ¿kdf ®x] sf] ……;] gf ;dfof] hgÚÚ

sf] ljifo 6'lËg g;Sbf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf sfo{x¿ kfvf nufOPsf 5g\ .

of] l:ylt ®lx®x] b] z csf] { r®0fsf] lx+;fTds åGådf k|j] z ug] {5 . ……lje] bÚÚ

g] kfnsf] åGåsf] d'Vo sf®s tTj xf] . ToxL ……lje] bÚÚ cGTo ug] { eGb} sfo{of] hgf

3zflGt k|lqmofdf ;]gf ;dfof]hg / dlxnf n8fs'

agfO{ g] skf dfcf] jfbLaf6 ;'? ul®Psf] cfGbf] ng tTsfnLg ;®sf®af6 ;'?

ul®Psf] bdgnfO{ cfwf® agfpFb} ……;Qf aGb'ssf] gfnaf6 hGdG5ÚÚ eGg] l;4fGt

®fVg] ædfcf] jfbLx¿Æ tyf bdgn] p7] sf cfjfhx¿nfO{ bjfpg ;lsG5 eGg]

dfGotf ®fVg] æ;®sf®sfÆ jLrsf] ;+3if{af6 b] zdf ;z:q åGb ;'? ePsf] xf]

eGg' cTo'lQm gxf] nf .

dfcf] jfbLåf®f ……lje] bÚÚ sf] cGTo ug] { egL ;'? ul®Psf] hgo'4df ToxfFleqsf

w] ®} dlxnfx¿ cfkm" ;dfhdf ®x] sf] ……lje] bk"0f{Æ d"No, dfGotf ® Jojxf®x¿n]

ps';–d's'; ePsf sf®0f ……dl'StÚÚ sfnflu hgo'4df nfu] sf] atfpF5g\ . o;sf

;fy} w] ®} dlxnfx¿ ank"j{s hgo'4df nufO{Psf 36gfx¿ klg k|z:t} 5g\ .

h] –h;®L xf] ;\, dfcf] jfbL hgo'4df dlxnfsf] 7"nf] lx:;f ;fd] n ePsf x'g\ .

dfcf] jfbL g] tfx¿åf®f cfˆgf] kf6L{sf sfo{qmddf xf] ;\ jf aflx® hg:t®sf

sfo{qmdx¿, ;a} 7fpFdf cfˆgf] hg;] gfleq $) k|ltzt dlxnf ePsf] s'®f

bf] xf] ¥ofPsf ® uj{;fy eGg] u®] sf 5g\ . t® zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmofsf] ;'?b] lv

åGå k|efljt c? dlxnfsf] t s'®} 5f] 8f}+, dfcf] jfbL hg;] gfdf ;lDdlnt dlxnf

;d] tsf] ;xeflutf b] lvPg . dlxnfx¿sf] ljleGg k|of; ® bjfasf afjh'b

klg of] k|lqmofdf ;'wf® cfpg ;s] g . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf ePsf]

dlxnfx¿sf] ## k|ltzt ;xeflutfnfO{ cl3 ;fb}{ pSt l:yltdf dlxnfnfO{

NofO{ k'¥ofpg ;xefuL c? dlxnfx¿sf] d'2fnfO{ ;Fw} kfvf kfl®of] . ;fy}

hgo'4sf] gfddf ePsf] z;Zq åGåsf sf®0f lj:yflkt, ljw'jf, a] ;xf®f ePsf

dlxnfx¿sf] ;+Vof sd 5}g . ;z:q åGådf cfˆgf afnaflnsf, dfof ug] {

JolQm dfl®P®, ckxl®t eP®, j] kQf kfl®P®, lj:yflkt u®fOPsf sf®0f kL8f

af] s] ® afWo eO{ afFRg ljjz dlxnfx¿sf] ;+Vof klg 7"nf] 5 . zflGt lgdf{0f

k|lqmofdf ;+af] wg ug'{ kg] {, zflGtsf nfef+z k"0f{ ?kn] k|fKt ug'{kg] { ;d"x log}

x'g\ . t® clxn] zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf logLx¿ s] Gb|df 5}gg\ . logLx¿sf

af®] df s'®f, g] tfx¿nfO{ ef] 6 rflxg] a] nf, ;Qf alnof] agfpg] ;Gbe{df dfq

p7\g] ub{5 . oyfy{df, logsf] gfddf zflGtsf nf+efz k"0f{ ?kn] k|of] u ug] {

®fhg}lts kf6L{sf g] tfx¿ ePsf 5g\ .


g] kfnnfO{ ……nf] stflGqs u0ftGqÚÚ df ?kfGt®0f ug{ dfcf] jfbL hg;] gfsf]

dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf 5 eGg] tYo xfdL ;a}n] l:jsf®] sf] tYo xf] . ;®sf®n]

o;nfO{ cfTddft u®] sf] cj:yf xf] . oL hg;] gfleq $) k|ltzt dlxnf ®x] sf]

tYo dfcf] jfbL g] t[Tjn] af®Daf® bf] xf] ¥ofPsf] tYonfO{ cfwf® dfGbf clxn] sf]

b] zdf k|fKt pknlAwx¿df dfcf] jfbL hg;] gfleqsf $) k|ltzt dlxnfsf]

of] ubfg 5 eGg] df s;}sf] b'O{dt 5}g .

g] kfndf dlxnfx¿ bf] ;|f] bhf{df :yflkt 5g\ . pgLx¿n] lgjf{x ug] { k|hgg

e"ldsf s} sf®0f pgLx¿nfO{ sdhf] ® 7fGg] cof] Uo 3f] if0ff ug] { ® kfvf nufpg]

k|rng 5 . rflxPsf] a] nfdf dlxnfljgf 3®–b] z rNg ;Sb}g, dlxnfx¿n]

u®] sf] sfd ;kmn u®fP®} 5f] 8\5g\, dlxnf sdhf] ® 5}gg\ egL 7"nf–7"nf s'®f

u®L sfd u®fpg] t® dlxnfsf] clwsf® ;'lglZrt ug] { s'®fdf dlxnfnfO{ ;w}+

cof] Uo dfq b] Vg] k®Dk®f :yflkt 5 . kl®jlt{t g] kfn, gofF g] kfnsf] ;Gbe{df

;d] t cu|udg ® nf] stflGqs®0fsf] JofVof u®L gyfSg] kf6L{x¿ ;d] taf6

;f] xL k®Dk®f bf] xf] ¥ofpg'nfO{ ;+of] u dfq dfGg ;lsGg .

clxn] b] zdf ;jf{lws rrf{df ®x] sf] ……;] gf ;dfof] hgfÚÚ sf ax; ® k|lqmofdf

of] 68\sf®f] ?kdf b] lvPsf] 5 . g] kfnL dlxnfx¿sf] clwsf®sf ;fy} b] zdf

nf] stGq :yflkt ug] { sfo{df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v] Ng] hg;] gf leqsf dlxnfx¿

clxn] cf] em] ndf kfl®Psf 5g\ . $) k|ltzt egL rrf{ ul®Psf] dlxnf lzlj®

df k'Ubf @) k|ltzt x'g k'u] sf 5g\ . lsg o:tf] eof] < o;df ljleGg k|Zgx¿

p7fpg ;lsG5 .

o;df yk, xfn ;] gf ;dfof] hgf ug] { dfkb08 lgwf{®0f ubf{ ®flvPsf k|fjwfg

h:t} aRrf hGdfPsf] , k9fO{ sd ePsf] , xfn;Dd :yflkt dfkb08 cg'?k

z®L® gePsf] h:tf ljleGg sf®0f b] vfO{ æcof]UoÆ 3f]if0ff ul/ 3/ kmsf{O{Pdf

dlxnfx/ g} j9L kg]{5g\ eGg] :ki6 b]lvG5 .

cfwf®e"t lzIff ;d] t g;lsb} ;fg} pd] ®df ;dfhdf kl®jt{g Nofpg]

k|lta4tfsf sf®0f jf ha®h:tL ljleGg pkfo k|of] u u®L hg;] gfdf nufOPsf]


sf®0f dlxnfx¿ hgo'4df xf] ldPsf] pknA3 tYox¿n] jtfpF5g\ . o'4sfndf

k9\g kfpg] s'®} ePg . ltg} dWo] w] ®} clxn] ljleGg lzlj®df 5g\ . lzlj®df

®fv] kl5 dfgj ;'ne :jefj, zflGt k|lqmofn] lbPsf] ;do ® dlxnf eP kl5

ljjfx gu®L x'Gg eGg] k|sf®n] ePsf] ;fdflhsLs®0fsf sf®0f pgLx¿ ljjfx

aGwgdf afFlwP . ;dosf] pkof] u u®L pgLx¿;Fu ljjfx ug] { k'?ifx¿n]

k9fO{ hf®L ®fVg] df}sf kfP . t® dlxnfx¿ dWo] sltn] ;dfhnfO{ lg®Gt®tf

lbg] sfd u®] . aRrf hGdfP, clxn] pgLx¿n] ;dfhnfO{ nufPsf] oxL

u'0f pgLx¿ cof] Uo 3f] if0ff ug] { c:qsf] ?kdf k|of] u ug] { sfd x'G5 ls <

eGg] df xfdL dlxnf clwsf®sdL{x¿ lrlGtt ePsf 5f}F . of] k[i7e"lddf ……

zflGt ® ;+ljwfgsf nflu dlxnf bjfj cleofgÚÚ n] ldlt @)^& c;f® !%

df ;] gf ;dfof] hg ljz] if ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿, gful®s ;dfhsf ;b:ox¿ ®

dlxnf clwsf®sdL{jLr cGt®lqmof sfo{qmd cfof] hgf ul®Psf] lyof] . pQm

sfo{qmddf g] skf dfcf] jfbLsf tkm{af6 jif{dfg k'g, g] kfnL sfª\u|] ;sf ldg] Gb|

l®hfn tyf g] skf Pdfn] sf tkm{af6 k|lbk 1jfnLsf] ;xeflutf ®x] sf] lyof] .

åGå ljz] if1 lji0f' kf7sn] ljZjdf eO®x] sf k4ltsf af®] hfgsf®L lbg'ePsf]

lyof] . hg;] gfdf ;d] t ;+nUg ePsL ;ef;b cf] g;®L 3tL{ du®n] cfˆgf]

ljrf® JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;fy} ljleGg lj1, dlxnf clwsf®sdL{x¿n]

cfˆgf] ljrf® JoQm u®] sf lyP . ToxfF JoQm ePsf ljrf®x¿nfO{ cem}

kl®is[t ® j:t'k®s agfpgsf] nflu hg;] gfdf ;+nUg lzlj®df ®x] sf dlxnf

n8fs'x¿;Fu 5nkmn ug] { p2] Zon] @)^* ciff9 !( ( July 3, 2011) df

!% hgfsf] dlxnf clwsf®sdL{sf] 6f] nL lrtjgsf] zlStvf] ® lzlj® k'u] sf]

lyof] . of] k|ltj] bg log} b'O{ sfo{qmdsf bf}®fg cfPsf ;'emfj, k|Zg, lh1f;f ®

JoQm wf®0ffx¿sf cfwf®df tof® ul®Psf] xf] .

ljZn]if0f;dfhdf ®x] sf lje] bnfO{ cGTo ug] { p2] Zon] nfu] sf, nufOPsf -hj®h:tL

dfcf] jfbL ;] gfdf k|j] z u®fOPsf t® kl5 pgLx¿df ;] gfd} ®xg rfx] sf

dlxnfx¿_ dfcf] jfbL hg;] gf leqsf dlxnf n8fs'x¿ nufot 5nkmndf

;+nUg ;j} JolStx¿df ……;] gf ;dfof] hgÚÚ sf ;fy} hgfb] z cg'?ksf] ;+ljwfg

tof® eO{ l:y® ;®sf®sf] u7g gx'Gh] n;Dd zflGt :yflkt x'g ;Sb}g eGg]


lrGtf uDeL® ?kdf p7] sf 5 . o;sf nflu ;a} kf6L{x¿ uDeL® eO{ ;+ljwfg

lgdf{0fdf nfUg' h?®L 5 . of] l:ytLdf ;] gf ;dfof] hg lje] bk"0f{ eof] eg]

h:tf] ;'s} ®fd|f] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f eP klg b] zdf lbuf] zflGt :yfkgf x'g ;Sb}

g . To;}n] of] ljifodf klg uDeL®tf h?®L 5 .

ljz] if ;ldltsf ;b:o, lj1, gful®s ;dfhsf ;b:ox¿ tyf hg;] gf leqsf

dlxnf n8fs'x¿ ;a}af6 ;] gf ;dfof] hg ubf{ dlxnfsf ljz] if cfjZostf

® e"ldsfnfO{ s] lGbLt u®L dfkb08 lgdf{0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 eGg] lgisif{

lg:sG5 . o;f] ubf{ ljZjsf c? b] zdf ul®Psf pbfx®0fx¿ x] g'{, pgLx¿sf]

cg'ejaf6 l;Sb} g] kfnsf] zflGt k|lqmof ljlzi6 k|sf®n] cufl8 a9] sf] x'Fbf

cfkm"nfO{ ;'xfpFbf] ……dfkb08ÚÚ tof® ug'{ ckl®xfo{ 5 .

5nkmndf blIf0f clk|msfdf ;] gf ;dfof] hg ubf{ dlxnfx¿sf nflu ljz] if

dfkb08 tof® u®] sf] sf®0f zflGt k|lqmof ;®n ePsf] tYo pbfx®0fsf] ?kdf

ljz] if1x¿jf6 cl3 ;fl®Psf] lyof] .

åGåsf] cfwf®sf] ?kdf ®x] sf] ……lje] bÚÚ nfO{ cGTo gu®] ;Dd åGå zflGtdf

?kfGtl®t x'g ;Sb}g . zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ 6'Ëf] df k'¥ofpFg] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ sl8

;] gf ;dfof] hg xf] . of] l:yltdf ;] gf ;dfof] hg lje] bk"0f{ x'g uof] eg] o;n]

Ifl0fs zflGt :yfkgf eP h:tf] t b] lvPnf t® cGtt M csf] { åGåsf] lahf®f] k0f

ub{5 . czflGt hGdfpF5 . t;y{ ;] gf ;dfof] hg ubf{ s'g} klg afxfgfdf

dlxnfx¿nfO{ kfvf nufpg' eg] sf] åGå hGdfpg' xf] .

o;f] x'g g;Sbf lje] bnfO{, cGTo ug{ hgo'4df ;dfj] z ePsf dlxnfx¿,

r'k nfu] ® a:g] 5}gg\ eGg] dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf] :ki6 egfO{ lyof] . cfkm"x¿

hgo'4df nfu] s} sf®0f ljleGg gsf®fTds jrg,nf~5fgf ® Jojxf® v] Kb}

ePklg pgLx¿n] cfˆgf sfd ® Jojxf®n] dlxnf sdhf] ® ® u}®–lhDd] jf® 5}

gg\ egL :yflkt u®] sf] oyfy{nfO{ ;a}n] l:jsf® ug}{ kb{5 . oL dlxnfx¿nfO{

lkt[;QfTds d"No ® dfGotfjf6 lgb] {lzt eO æsdhf]/ / cof]UoÆ egL 3f] if0ff

ug] { clwsf® s;}df 5}g . ;dfhdf dlxnfx¿ sdhf] ® 5}gg\ eGg] dfGotf


:yfkgf ug] { dlxnfx¿ s'g} klg xfntdf km] l® ;dfhn] dlxnfnfO{ lbPsf] k'®fg}

e"ldsf dfGg tyf ;Lldt x'g tof® 5}gg\ eGg] af®] ;a} :ki6 x'g' cfjZos 5 .

ljleGg ;do ® cWoogsf dfWodaf6 ;fj{hlgs ul®Psf] ljrf®x¿nfO{

cfwf® dfg] sf] eGb} dlxnf n8fs'x¿ ;] gfdf ;dfof] hg x'g rfxFb}gg\ egL

dlxnfx¿nfO{ kfvf nufpg ldNb}g . dlxnfx¿ s] rfxG5g\ < egL lzlj®df

®x] sf dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;f] Wg' ® ;f] cg';f®sf sfo{x¿ ug{' h?®L 5 .

To;}ul® åGåsf ;dodf dlxnf n8fs'x¿n] ljleGg vfn] lx+;f v] k] sf 5g\ .

sltko of}glx+;f ;d] tsf lzsf® ePsf 5g\ . sltkon] kl®jt{gsf nflu

eg] ® ;dfhn] :jLsf® gu®] sf] Jojxf®x¿ u®] sf 5g\ . ;f] lx sf®0fn] ;dfh

kl®jt{g geP;Dd cfkm"nfO{ ;dfhn] :jLsf® gunf{ eGg] 8®sf sf®0f klg w] ®}

dlxnfx¿ ;dfhdf PsLs®0f x'g grfxg ;Sb5g\ . ;fy} ;] gfdf ;dfof] hg

eof] eg] klg k"j{ ;] gf nf] stfGqLs geP;Dd cfkm" ToxfF leq klg lje] bLt

x'g'knf{, lxhf] cfkm"nfO{ lx+;f ug] {, of}g lx+;f ug] { JolQm cfˆgf] xflsd x'g ;Sg]

l:ytL cfpFg ;Snf egL clxn] s} l:ytLd} ;] gfdf ;dfof] hg x'g 8®fpg] dlxnf

klg x'g;Snfg\ . o:tf] l:ytLnfO{ k"0f{ ?kn] ga'emL, ljZn] if0f gu®L dlxnfx¿

;dfhdf Plss®0f x'g rfxFb}gg\ jf ;] gfdf ;fdfof] lht x'g rfxFb}gg\ eGg]

lgisif{ lgsfNg ldNb}g . zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmof ® ;] gf ;dfof] hg k|lqmofdf

o;sf] x] Ssf ®fVg' kb{5 .

;+o'Qm ®fi6«;+3sf k"j{ dxf;lrj sf] lkm cGgfgn] (UN: 2002) n] dlxnf

n8fs'x¿sf] ;DaGwdf cjnDag ul®Psf] gLltx¿sf af®] df ljZn] if0f ug] {

qmddf eGg' ePsf] lyof] — ……dlxnf n8fs'x¿ b] lvb}gg\ (Invisible), pgLx¿sf cfjZostfx¿nfO{ k|foM h;f] gh®cGbfh ul®G5 . To;}n] k'g{:yfkgf,

;dfof] hgsf s'®f ubf{ pgLx¿sf] ljz] if cfjZostf ® cj:yfnfO{ Vofn

ug'[{kb{5 . log} dfGotf nfO{ ;+o'Qm ®fi6«;+3Lo ;'®Iff kl®ifb k|:tfj !#@% n]

k|j4{g ub{5 . cGt®f{li6«o txb] lv g} åGå ?kfGt®0fsf ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmofx¿df

dlxnfsf] k|hgg\ e"ldsf ® aRrfsf] x] ®rfx ug] { sfo{sf sf®0fn] x'g ;Sg]

;LdfGtLs®0f, cfpg ;Sg] hf] lvdnfO{ ®fHon] ljz] if lhDd] jf®k"0f{ tl®sfn]


;+af] wg ug'{ kb{5 egL :ki6 kfl®Psf] 5 .ÚÚ

of] k[i7e"lddf b] zdf xfnrln®x] sf] ;] gf ;dfof] hgsf] jx; ® cuf8L a9fO{Psf]

k|lqmofdf dlxnfsf ljz] if cfjZostf, lgjf{x u®] sf] e"ldsf ® ®fHosf]

bfloTjnfO{ s] lGb|t u®L ax;x¿ rnfpg' cfjZos b] lvG5 . dfkb08x¿

;f] xL cg'?k tof® ul®g'kb{5 . k|lqmofx¿ ;f®e"tM ;dfgtf tyf clje] bsf

l;4fGtx¿ cg'?k cufl8 a9fOPsf ljz] if ;ts{tf ckgfpg' kb{5 .

z;:q åGå k|foM u®L ljsf;zLn, cNk ljsfl;t ® cltsd ljsl;t b] zdf

x'g] ub{5 . o;sf] d"Vo sf®0fsf] ?kdf To:tf b] zx¿df :yflkt lje] bsf®L

zf;g, wgL ® u®Lasf] aLrdf ®x] sf lje] b, dflns ® bf;sf] ?kdf :yflkt Pj+

ljsl;t zlQm ;DaGwx¿sf ;fy} dlxnf ® k'?ifsf] aLrdf lje] b, ;fdflhs,

;f+:s[lts ?kdf ul®g] hft, wd{, If] qut ?kdf ul®g] lje] b h:tf lje] bx¿

®xG5g\ . zflGt k|lqmofsf ;a} k|lqmofsf ;a} k|lqmofx¿n] o:tf sf®s

tTjx¿sf] ;Daf] wg ug'{kb{5 . o:tf] ;+:s[ltdf x'sf{OPsf ;] gf Pj+ cGo ;'®Iff

;+oGqx¿sf] k'gM ;+®rgf ug'{ kb{5 . ltgsf] nf] stfGqLs®0f cfjZos 5 . o;}

u®L z;:q o'4df ;+nUg cfGbf] ngsf®Lsf] rl®q ® ltgsf ;] gfdf kl®jt{g ug] {,

xltof® ljlxg agfpg] tyf pgLx¿nfO{ ;fdflhs hLjgsf] ;fdfGo k|lqmofdf

dof{lbt u®fpg' cfjZos x'G5 . o;sf nlfu ®fhg}lts kl®jt{g, Gofodf

;a}sf] kx'Frsf] ;''lglZrttf, ;fdflhs ;'®Iff tyf ;dfhdf kl®jt{g NofO{

ltgnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ ;'®Iff ;+oGqsf] cfd"n nf]stfGqLs/0f cfjZos x'G5 .

clxn] b] zdf zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmofsf b'O{ kf6fx¿ cuf8L a9fOPsf 5g\ .

!= ;] gf ;dfof] hg

@= ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f

nfdf] ;dob] lv ®x] sf lje] bx¿, ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ® ;f] df cwfl®t gLltx¿sf]

sfof{Gjog ePdf dfq lbuf] ?kn] ;Daf] wg ug{ ;lsG5 . To;sf af®] xfd|f]

cleofgn] cfˆgf] wf®0ff ;fj{hlgs u®] sf] 5 .

of] k|ltj] bg, ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fnfO{ g} w®fkdf kfl®®x] sf] ;] gf ;dfof] hgsf]


ljifodf s] lGb|t 5 . ÆzflGt ® ;+ljwfgsf nflu dlxnf bafa cleofgÆ åf®f

ljleGg tx ® :yfgdf ul®Psf] 5nkmnsf cfwf®df ;] gf ;dfof] hg ubf{ lgDg

;'emfjx¿ cjnDag ug{ cg'®f] w ub{5f}.

;'emfjx¿!= ;] gf ;dfof] hgsf] nlfu ljz] if ;ldltåf®f tof® ul®Psf dfkb08

dlxnfx¿sf] ljz] if l:ylt e"ldsf cfjZostfx¿nfO{ s] lGb|t u®L tof®

ug'{kb{5 . o;f] ubf{ ;+o'Qm ®fi6«;+3 ;'®Iff kl®ifbsf] k|:tfj g+= !#@%

sf k|fjwfgx¿ cjnDag ul®g'kb{5 . dlxnfdfly x'g] ;a} k|sf®sf

e] befj pGd'ng ug] { dxf;lGw cg'?ksf] ;f®e"tM ;dfgtfsf] l;4fGtnfO{

cfTd;ft u®L dlxnf n8fs'x¿nfO{ ljz] if k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;] gfdf

;dfof] hg ug'{ kb{5 . dfkb08 tof® ug{] 6f] nLdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf

u®fpg' kb{5 .

@= dfcf] jfbL hg;;] gf leqsf dlxnfx¿df cfPsf] ……;z;QmLs®0fÚÚ

® pgLx¿n] ;dfhdf kl®jt{gsf nflu ljleGg hf] lvd df] n] ® cfˆgf]

hLjgdf u®] sf] kl®jt{gnfO{ pRr ;Ddfg ug] { ;o+Gqsf] lgdf{0f, o;f] ubf{

;dfhdf pgLx¿sf] PsLs®0f ;xh x'g ;Sb5, kl®jt{g ;+:yfut x'g

;Sb5 .

#= dlxnf n8fs'x¿ tyf g] kfnL ;] gfdf ®x] sf dlxnf ;] gfx¿df ;z;:q

åGåsf] qmddf ePsf x'g ;Sg] lx+;fx¿nfO{ dWogh® u®L, ;f] sf] cg';GWffg

ug{ pRr ;o+Gqsf] lgdf{0f, lx+;f kQf nufO{ bf] ifLnfO{ sf®fjfxL u®L

b08xLgtfsf] cGTo ug] { yfngL . o;n] ;dfhdf b08xLgtfsf] cGTo ug] {

jftfj®0f aGb5 . ;] gfsf] nf] stfGqLs®0fnfO{ d2t ldNb5 .

$= ;] gf ;dfof] hgnfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] egL tof® ul®g] k|:tfj ul®Psf] ;}

lgs dxflgb] {zgfno nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ ;+®rgfx¿sf dxTjk"0f{ kbdf

dlxnfx¿sf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj ®xg] ul® kb:yfkgf .


%= ;dfof] hgf gx'Gh] n;Dd lzlj®df, ;dfof] hgkl5 ;] gfsf Aof®] sx¿df

dgf] ;fdflhs k®fdz{stf{sf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg] { .

^= ;d'bfosf x®] s ufpF ® ljz] if u®L To:tf ;d'bfo hxfF w] ®} n8fs'x¿ 3®

kmls{Psf 5g\ – ToxfF dfgf];f dflhs k®fdz{stf{x¿sf] Joj:yf ug] { .

&= ;dfof] hg u®fO{Psf ;dfh jf tL dlxnfx¿ sfo{®t ;] gfsf] sfof{no

Jof®] sx¿df lzz' :ofxf® s] Gb|sf] :yfkgf ug] { .

*= g] kfn ;®sf®åf®f ;+o'Qm ®fi6« ;+3 dfkm{t zflGt ;] gfdf, clxn] pRr

dfusf] ?kdf ®x] sf] dlxnfx¿ dfq}sf] a6flnPg, g] kfnL ;] gf ® dfcf] jfbL

hg;] gfsf dlxnf n8fsfx¿ ;lDdlnt Pp6f 6f] nL agfO k7fpg ;s]

ljZjs} nflu pbfx®0fLo x'g ;Sb5, ;] gf ;dfof] hg ;xh x'g ;Sb5 .

o;sf nflu ;®sf®åf®f ljz] if kxn ug'{ cfjZos 5 .

lgisif{cGTodf g] kfnL ;dfhdf ®x] sf ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts s'®LtLx¿ ljsl;t

;+:sf® ® :yflkt dfGotfx¿nfO{ kl®jt{g ug{ g] kfn ;®sf® k|ltj4 5

eGg] dfGotf dfcf] jfbL hg;] gfsf dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf] plrt ;dfof] hg,

Joj:yfkg, PsLs®0fsf s|ddf ;d] t b] lvg' cfjZos 5 . o;af®] ;r] t

x'Fb} g] kfn ;®sf® vf; u®L ;] gf ;dfof] hg ljz] if ;ldlt ® d'Vo ®fhg}

lts kf6L{x¿n] dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf] ;dfof] hg Joj:yfkg ® PsLs®0fsf]

nflu dfkb08 cljnDa tof® ug'{ kb{5 . oL dfkb08x¿ ;+o'Qm ®fi6«;+3Lo

k|:tfj g+= !#@% ® dlxnfdfly x'g] ;a} vfn] e] befj pGd'ng ug] { dxf;+lwsf

k|fjwfgx¿df cfwfl®t x'g' h?®L 5 . o;f] x'g ;s] g] kfnsf] zflGt lgdf{0f

k|lqmof ® n8fs'x¿sf] Joj:yfg ljZjs} gd'gfsf] ?kdf :yflkt x'g ;Sb5 .

;] gf ;dfof] hgsf qmddf lje] b ul®P, dlxnfx¿ cfkm"n] lgjf{x u®] sf] k|hgg\

e"ldsfsf sf®0f kfvf nufOP eg] To;n] csf] { åGå ®f] Kg] 5 . xfdLn] rfx] sf]

lbuf] zflGt :yfkgf x'g ;Sg] 5}g .


lrtjgsf] zlQmvf]/ lzlj/df dlxnf n8fs';Fu …zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf nlfu dlxnf bafj cleofgÚ n] u/]sf] 5nkmn sfo{qmd -c;f/ !(, @)^*_


References

• http://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/wps/ (visited on 10 August, 2011

• http://www.unwomen.org.au/ForumRetrieve.aspx¿ForumID=2053. (visited on

10 August, 2011)

• OHCHR, 2011. Report of the United Nations High Commissions for Human

Rights on the human rights situation and the activities of her office, including

technical co-operation in Nepal, UN General Assembly.Feburay 16

• Sanam Naraghi Anderlini, 2008. Women Building Peace: Disarming,

Demobilizing and Reintegrating Fighters. USA, Lynne Rienner Publishers

• Pathak Bishnu, 2008. The Integration of the Maoist Combatants: DDR or

SSR? Situation updates 80.Basel: Transend Media Service. December 14

• UN 2002. Women, peace and security, Study submitted by the general

persuant to Security council Resolution 1325: Newyork

• Yami Hisila, 2007. People's War and Women's Liberation in Nepal. New Delhi,

Adroid Publishers

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