Вопросы здоровья, питания и населения
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Стратегия отраслевого развитияTRANSCRIPT
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11
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12
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bull Cnep)KHBaHHe poCTa pacxonOB B
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bull PerynHpoBaHHe lfaCTHOrO ceKTopa OTKa3 OT Hcnonb30BaHHSI KOMneHCHpYlOlliero CTpaXOBaHHSI H nooIUpeHHe nonYllieBoH onnaTbI a He 3a ycnyry
bull YKpenneHHSI KOHTponSl H CHCTeMbI OTCne)KHBaHHSI 3aTpalfeHHbiX rocynapcTBeHHbIX cpenCTB (Hcnonb3YSl ClfeTa 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI)
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bull 06ecnelfeHHe 3HalfHTenbHoro npeBblllleHHSI ypOBHSI nOCTynneHHH H3 Bcex HCTOIfHHKOB Han O)KHnaeMbiM ofiIUHM ypOBHeM pacxonoB (3-5) nOCTaTOIfHOrO nnSl nOKpbITHSI pacxonoB Ha
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HenorallleHHblX nonrOB H
bull BblneneHHe fionblllOH nonH filOJUKeTHblX
cpenCTB Ha 3cpcpeKTHBHbie MepOnpHSITHSI
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13
rnABA II
POJIh EAHKA PACIlIHPEHHE YQACTHR H OCMhICJIEHHE ODhITA
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KaKHe ltJaKTopbI no MHeHHIO pa3BHBaIOmHXC~ CTpaH HeooxOAHMbI An~ ynyqllIeHH~ cltJepbl 3n8
EOnhll1HHCTBO CTpaH YTBep)KnaeT lJTO nn~ pell1eHH~ npo6neM B clgtepe 3nH HcnhlThIBaeMhlX 6enHhlMH cnO~MH HaceneHH~ a TaK)Ke nn~
nOBhlll1eHH~ ypOBH~ MenHUHHCKHX ycnyr H 06eCnelJeHH~ YCTOHlfHBoro H npHeMneMOrO ypOBH~ IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ HM Heo6xonHMa nOMOIUh Me)KnYHaponHoro coo6IUeCTBa B BHne nepenalfH onhlTa KOHKpeTHhlX KOHcynhTaUHH COBeTOB H IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~
OnHaKO pearHpOBaHHe Ha 3anpOCbl KnHeHTOB B OTpacnH 3nH neno BeChMa HenpOCToe Bo-nepBhIX Heo6xonHMO cornaCOBaTh pa3Hoo6pa3Hhie H pa3nHlfalOIUHec~ MHeHH~
3aHHTepeCOBaHHhiX rpynn - KnHeHTOB EaHKa (KaK npaBHno MHHHCTPOB 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ H IgtHHaHCOB) MeCTHOrG HaceneHH~
npOH3BonHTeneH ycnyr H CTpaXOBhlX KOMnaHHH nOTpe6HTeneH (naUHeHTOB 6enHhiX cnoeB HaceneHH~ )KeHIUHH neTeH H npyrHx y~3BHMhIX rpynn) H npOlfHX napTHepoB B nene pa3BHTH~
BO-BTOPhIX MHorHe CTpaHhl HcnhlThIBalOT npo6neMhi B 06naCTH 3nH Bh13BaHHhle npOBeneHHeM B )KH3Hh HeBepHhlX CTpaTerHH TaK)Ke MHorHe npaBHTenhCTBa He CMornH peanH30BaTh nOTeHUHan npaBHnhHOH nonHTHKH H Hcnonh30BaTh Herocy napCTBeHHhle
pecypchl 31gtIgteKTHBHhiM 06pa30M He6onhll1He H3MeHeHH~ B nOKa3aTen~x MoryT 3aHRTh OT 10 no 15 neT - CPOK npeBhlll1alOIUHH nOnHOMOlJH~ MHorHX npaBHTenhcTB H HX npHBep)KeHHOCTh pelgt0pMaM
H nocnenHee Korna IgtHHaHcoB~ nOMOIUh OTpacnH 3nH nocTynaeT B BHne KpenHToB H 3aHMoB TaKa~ cTpaTerH~ nOn)KHa 6hlTh TIUaTenhHO c6anaHcHpoBaHa C oTnalfeH KOTopa~ MO)KeT 6hlTh nonYlfeHa OT TaKHX HHBecTHUHH B cpenHecpolfHoH nepcneKTHBe H H3nep)KKaMH HepeanH30BaHHhix B03MO)KHOCTeH KOTophle MornH 6hl OTKPhIThC~ npH HHBecTHpoBaHHH B Te o6naCTH 3KOHOMHKH KOTophle BnH~IOT Ha clgtepy 3nH
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EaHK pa60TaeT B cOTpynHHlfecTBe CO MHorHMH Me)KnYHapOnHhIMH opraHH3aUH~MH
(ltDAO MOT CnH)l OOH npOOH ltD)lHOOH B03) perHoHanhHhlMH 6aHKaMH (AEP AIgtEP EEPP H MEP) EC nBycTopOHHHMH opraHH3aUH~MH H HfO H lJaCTHhlM ceKTopoM 3a nocnenHee BpeM~ cOTpynHHlJeCTBO H napTHepcTBo co MHorHMH opraHH3aUH~MH y nYlJll1HnOCh onHaKO eIUe MHoroe npencToHT cnenaTh Ha 3TOM nyTH
CHnhHhlMH cTopoHaMH EaHKa ~Bn~IOTC~ aKKYMynHpoBaHHe B ce6e onhlTa H 3HaHH~
MHpOBoro coo6IUecTBa nonxon K npo6neMaM Ka)KnOH OTnenhHoH cTpaHhl MaKpo3KOHOMHlJeCKOH H MHorooTpacneBoH TOlJeK
14
C
3peHHR a TaK)Ke cnoc06HOCTh M06HnH30BaTh KpynHhle cpHHaHCOBhle pecypchI (nH60 HenocpenCTBeHHO nH60 nYTeM napTHepCTB) B Bonpocax npenOCTaBneHHR TeXHH4eCKOH nOMOWH B KOHKpeTHhIX 06naCTRX OTpacnH 3I1H KaK TO 60ph6a C 3a60neBaHHRMH naHK nonaraeTCR Ha coneHCTBHe cneUHanH3HpOBaHHhIX Y4pe)KneHHH OOH H npyrHx Me)KnYHaponHhIX napTHepOB
YqaCTlle liaHKa B ccJepe 3TIH
Ponh naHKa B ccpepe 3flH B Te4eHHe npOll1nhIX 25 neT CTana onHHM H3 npHMepOB paCll1HpeHHR Y4aCTHR H HaKonneHHR onhITa B nByx Ba)KHhIX acneKTax
bull Bo-nepBhIX naHK BHec CBOH BKnan B HaKonneHHe H pacnpOCTpaHeHHe MHpOBoro onhITa no BonpocaM 3TIH nYTeM npOBeneHHR MHPOBhIX H perHOHanhHhIX H3Y4eHHH HccnenOBaHHH H aHanH3a H 06MeHa onhITOM C npyrHMH Me)KnYHaponHhIMH opraHH3aUHRMH
bull BO-BTOPhIX BoopY)KeHHhIH 3HaHHRMH HaKonneHHhIMH B xone CBoeH neRTenhHOCTH naHK Hrpan ponh KaTanH3aTopa B ocywecTBneHHH He06xonHMhIX npe06pa30BaHHH nYTeM nepena4H CTpaHaM KpenHTOB H np04HX MeponpHRTHH HeKpellHTHoro xapaKTepa (H3naraeMhIX nanee)
IIonyqeHHe H paCilpOCTpaHeHHe r no6anhHhIX 3HaHHH
TIepeKpeCTHhle HccnenOBaHHR
MHorHe npenhIJlYWHe HccnenOBaHHR naHKa B OTpacnH 3TIH 6hlnH cocpenOT04eHhI Ha ponH rocynapCTBa H Herocy napCTBeHHoro ceKTopa B 06ecne4eHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH ManoHMywero HaceneHHR B ycnyrax ccpephI 3TIH B pa60Te CHCTeMhI 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H 06ecne4eHHH YCTOH4HBoro cpHHaHCHpOBaHHR
Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
npOipaMMbl (1970 i) U iJoKYMeHInbl no nolumuKe
COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
npOipaMMa (1973 i) no MepaM B 06naCTH
06ecne4eHHR nponoBonhcTBHeM H (B) [JOlumuKa B
o6lacmu 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU5I (1975)
jJOKYMeHm no nOlumuKe B o6lacmu
3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 (1980 i) RBnRnCR nepBoH nonhITKOH 060CHOBaTh HHBeCTHUHH naHKa B oTpacnh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H CBR3h Me)Kny 3npaBooxpaHeHHeM HCKopeHeHHeM 6enHocTH H nnaHHpoBaHHeM ceMhH Omtem 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu coualbHblX pecypCOB (1980 r) nponeMoHcTpHpoBan Ba)KHOCTh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR HapRny C 06pa30BaHHeM H cOUHanhHoH 3aWHToH nnR cTpaTerHH HCKopeHeHHR 6enHocTH
jJOKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM pa3Bumuu 1984 i
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15
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23
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24
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25
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27
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28
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29
C
0
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1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
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30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
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3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
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3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
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YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
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pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
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B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
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nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
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(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
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MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
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no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
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CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
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ne~eJlbHOCTb EaHKa npH nonrOTOBKe OTpaCJleBOH
cTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH Ha CJlenYlOlUHH nepHon
nOcpenCTBOM TaKHX Mep 6yneT paClllHpeH
BKJlan EaHKa B MeJKnYHaponHble yCHJlH~ no
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33
CTpaTerUH oTpacneBoro pa3BUTUH
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111
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12
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13
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14
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Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
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COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
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15
IaCmHble 60lbHU4bl)
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B nocnenHee BpeMSI Ha HccnenOBaHHSI H aHanH3 npofineM B ofinaCTH 3nH B KOHKpeTHblX cTpaHax e)KerOnHO BblnenSleTCSI H3 cpencTB 3aHMOB H KpenHToB npenOCTaBnSleMblX EaHKoM 50-75 MnH nonn CIIIA liTO COCTaBnSleT 5-6 OT Bcero OfibeMa KpenHTOBaHHSI SIBnSlSlCb KpynHblM HCTOllHHKOM IPHHaHcHpOBaHHSI HccnenOBaTenbCKHX pafioT B ofinaCTH 3nH npoBOnHMblX B cTpaHax-KnHeHTax
B cOCTaB OTnena EaHKa no CTpaTerHlIeCKHM HccnenOBaHHSIM BXOilSlT HeCKonbKO CneUHaflHCTOB no BonpocaM 3TIH 3a nocnenHHe ronbl )TOT OTnen npoBen PM HccnenoBaHHH B ofinaCTH 3nH H3pacXOnOBaB OKono 11 MnHnonnCIIIA HnH 8 ofilllero filOn)KeTa Ha HccnenOBaHHSI paBHOrO 145 MnHnonnCIIIA OnHoH H3 nocnenHHX KpynHblx pafioT KOTOPOH 3aHHManCSI )TOT OTnen fiblna nonrOTOBKa nOKnana no CflHJy U BonpocaM
pa3Bumu51 HccnenoBaTenbcKHH COBeT TaK)Ke OKa3bIBaeT nOnnep)KKY npOBeneHHIO HccnenOBaHHH B ofinaCTH 3nH Ha KOHKypCHOH OCHOBe
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pafiOTHHKOB cTpaH-KnHeHTOB OTBeTcTBeHHblx 3a 1P0pMHpOBaHHe nonHTHKH B clPepe 3nH UeHTp ofiYlIeHH5I H nHnepCTBa EaHKa 3aHHMaeTC51 nOBblweHHeM KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa rpynna 3nH SIBnSllOluaSlCSI lIaCTblO OfibenHHeHHSI cneUHanHCTOB EaHKa B ofinaCTH pa3BHTHSI COUHanbHblX pecypcoB fiblna C03naHa B 1996 r H B03r naBHna pafioTY no ynpaBneHHIO HHlPopMaUHeH B ofinaCTH 3nH Bce TpH rpynnbl Hcnonb3YlOT )neKTpOHHble TeXHonorHH H pa3BHBalOT napTHepcTBo nnSl MaKCHMH3aUHH )lPlPeKTHBHoCTH CBoeH pafioTbl
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30paBooXpaHeHUJI nonroToBneHHblH oceHblO 1997 OfibenHHeHHeM cneUHanHCTOB EaHKa B ofinaCTH COUHanbHblX pecypcoB H cOTpynHHKaMH H3P npH coneHCTBHH weCTH perHOHanbHblX HHCTHTYTOBshynapTHepoB CKOHueHTpHpOBaH Ha Bonpocax )KOHOMHKH nonHTHlieCKOH )KOHOMHH H HHCTHTYUHOHanbHblX npofineMax 3aHHMalOlllHX ueHTpanbHoe MeCTO B pelPopMax oTpacnH 3nH 3a npOlUenUIHe nsa rona B paMKax HenenbHoro nOBbllUeHHSI KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa npoBonHMoro UeHTpOM ofiYlleHHSI fiblna npOBeneHa HHTeHCHBHaSl nonrOTOBKa C ynopoM Ha Ba)KHeHIUHe Bonpocbl oTpacnH 3nH
Me)KnYHaponHble KOHlPepeHUHH H HaYllHble ceMHHapbl opraHH3yeMbie EaHKoM H JlPyrHMH opraHH3aUHRMH TaKJKe COJleHcTBYIOT nOBbllUeHHIO KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa H cTpaH-KnHeHToB EaHK npHHSIn YliaCTHe BO BceMHpHoM COBelllaHHH no BonpocaM neTCTBa npoBonHMoM K)HHCEltIgt B 1990 B HblO-HopKe B Me)KnYHapOnHOH napTHepcKoH BCTpelie no oxpaHe MaTepHHcTBa B BallIHHITOHe oKpyr KonYMfiHSI B 1991 B Me)KnYHaponHoH KOHlaquoPepeHuHH no BonpocaM HapOnoHaCeneHHSI H pa3BHTHSI B KaHpe B 1994 BO BceMHpHoH KOHlPepeHUHH no BonpocaM )KeHlllHH B ileKHHe B 1995 H B Me)KnYHaponHoH KOHlPepeHUHH no BonpocaM paHHero MaTepHHCTBa B ATnaHTe B 1996 TaK)Ke B 1997 r EaHK opraHH30Ban H npOBen Me)KnYHaponHYIO KOHlPepeHUHIO no IPHHaHcHpoBaHHIO 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI B BaIUHHITOHe oKpyr KonYMfiHSI
16
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opraHH3aUHoHHoro aHa11H3a npone11aHHoro B xone
nonrOTOBKH npoeKTa a HMeHHO HeBHHMaHHe K
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pa3Mepa TeKYlllHx pacxonoB H HenOCTaTOllHoro
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21
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nocnellCTBHR OT npOBelleHHbIX MeponpHRTHH
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nHlllb He60nblllaR 1l0nR TaKHX npoeKToB ObU1a
3aBepllleHa rOIlOBOH 0630p pe3ynbTaToB pa60Tbi B
1996 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY nOKa3aIl ITO HenaBHO
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TaKHe npo6neMbI nonee Toro B 1994-1996
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24
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B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
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25
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26
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27
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28
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KOTOPhlX HMeIOTCjI HaH60nee Cephe3Hhie
CHCTeMHhle np06neMhi B OTpacnH 3nH
(CMnpHnO)KeHHe A Llfljl peHTHHra cTpaH no
Ka)KLloH npHopHTeTHoH 06nacTH 3nH)
CneUHanHcThl B 06nacTH 3nH TaK)Ke 6YLleT
COTpYLlHHIaTh 60nee TeCHhlM 06pa30M co
cneUHanHCTaMH B 06nacTH 06pa30BaHHjI H
cOUHanhHoH 3aWHThl Llfljl pa3pa60TKH
KOnHIeCTBeHHhIX nOKa3aTeneH IgtopMHpOBaHHjI
1enOBeleCKOrO KanHTana H npoH3BoLlHTenhHoCTH
TpyLla KOTophle MoryT 6hlTh BKnIOIeHhl B
aHanHTHIeCKYIO OCHOBY peKmteHLlaUHH
npeLlnaraeMhlx B Cnc PYKOBOLlCTBO naHK-a 6YLleT
BhI60pOlHO KOHTpOnHpOBaTh xOLl npoeKToB
pe3ynhTaThi pa60Thi CHCTeM 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H
nOKa3aTenH IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHjI oTpacnH B cTpaHax
KOTophle HMeIOT 60nee BhlCOKHH ypOBeHh pHcKa
DOAKpenJIeHHe KpeAHToBaHHB
aHaJIHTHQeCKOH paooToH H HCCJ1eAOBaHHBMH
nO Mepe TOro KaK naHK npOLlOn)KaeT
nepeHocHTh ynop B CBoeH LleBTenhHOCTH
IgtH3HIeCKHX aKTHBOB H pe3ynhTaToB Ha npouecc
He06xoLlHMO 3KcnepHMeHTHpoBaTh H
OCMhlcnHBaTh nonYleHHhlH onhlT llnB 3Toro
He06xoLlHMO TluaTenhHO pa3pa6aThiBaTh
3KcnepHMeHTanhHhie npoeKThl KOHTponHpoBaTh
HX peanH3aUHIO H aHanH3HpoBaTh pe3ynhTaThl a
TaK)Ke LlenaTh 60nhlllHH ynop Ha pa3pa60TKY H
KOHTpOnh 3a BhmonHeHHeM HccneLlOBaTenhCKHX
KOMnOHeHTOB HHBeCTHUHOHHhlX npoeKToB
CneLlyeT 06paTHTh 60nhlUe BHHMaHHB Ha
(a) Bonpochl pearHpOBaHHjI OTLlenhHhlX nHU H
ceMeH Ha ueHoBYIO nonHTHKY KaleCTBO LlocTyn
MeLlHUHHCKoro 06cnY)KHBaHHjI H oxpaHhl
3LlOPOBhjl HaCeneHHjI KOHKpeTHhle MepOnpHjlTHjI
COleTaHHe rocYLlapCTBaiaCTHoro ceKTopa H
pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
noompeHHe nHU H ceMeH 6paTh BCIO nonHoTY
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH Ha ce6j1 3a CBoe 3LlopOBhe H
YlaCTBOBaTh B npouecce npHHSITHjI pellleHHH (B)
H3YQeHHe lgtaKTopoB BnHjlIOIl(HX Ha pe3ynhTaThi
pa60Thi CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI BKnIOIajl
nonHTHIeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO pelgtopM ynpaBneHHe H
opraHH3aUHOHHhie acneKThl (r) H3YleHHe
npouecca 06eCneleHHjI YCTOHIHBoro ypOBHjI
IgtHHaHCHpoBaHHjI 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H cOBMellleHHjI
PHCKOB H Toro KaK Hcnonh30BaTh pe3ynhTaThl
nonYleHHhle B XOLle 0630pOB 3aTpaT Ha
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHe (HaceneHHjI H H3
rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
npeLlnpHsITHH) Llnjl onpeLleneHHjI OTpacneBhlX
npHopHTeTOB (pellleHHH 0 pacnpeLleneHHH
pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
OCMhicneHHe onhlTa pelgtOpMHpOBaHHjI CHCTeM
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHeM H
29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
BO-BTOPblX HeofixonHMO TpaTHTb 60nbllle
BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
ypOKOB B xone nnaHHpOBaHHSI H peanH3aUHH
npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
3neMeHTbl KOTopble ofieCnelJHBalOT
KalJeCTBeHHOCTb npoeKTa nYTeM npHMeHeHHSI
HMeIOIUHXCSI HHCTpYMeHTOB OTpacneBoro
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oueHKH nOTeHUHanbHoro pHCKa Eonbllle BpeMeHH
HeofixonHMO ynenSITb anpofiaUHH HOBblX
nonxonoB BKnlOlJaSl IllHpOKOMaCllITafiHble
OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
npHeMneMoro cpOKa Y CHnHSI fiynyT
npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
npHBepJKeHHOCTH K BblfipaHHOH nonHTHKe npH
CMeHe npaBHTenbCTB HHCTHTYUHOHanbHoe
npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
B-TpeTbHX fiyneT onpofiOBaH fionee
rHfiKHH H IllHpOKHH Ha60p HHCTpYMeHTOB
KpenHTOBaHHSI JrO npenYCMaTpHBaeT fionbillee
Hcnonb30BaHHe IllHpoKHX OTpacneBblX nonXonOB H
3aHMOB MSI nOnnepJKKH CHCTeMHblX pecpopM
HOBblX MHKPO MHHH H ananTHpOBaHHblX
HHBeCTHUHOHHblX 3aHMOB no Mepe HX HanHlJHSI
Hcnonb30BaHHe fionee MenKHX H HHHOBaUHOHHblX
3aHMOB nOMOJKeT H3fieJKaTb CnOJKHblX
nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
nOKYMeHTaUHH
YlJHTblBaSl BaJKHOCTb KalJeCTBeHHOrO
npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
fiynyT npOBOnHTbCSI onpOCbl HaCeneHHSI nnSl
BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
EaHKa Ha pa3BHTHe
KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
B 3TOH ccpepe COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHe pafiOTbl CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H HX cpHHaHCHpOBaHHSI EaHKY
HeofixonHMO npHHSITb Mepbl no YKpenneHHIO
cofiCTBeHHoro nOTeHUHana H nOTeHUHana
3aeMIUHKOB no npoBeneHHIO MOHHTopHHra H
aHanH3a nporpecca B nOCTHJKeHHH nOCTaBneHHblX
3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
HHcpopMaUHSI ofi OCHOBHblX npofineMax B ccpepe
3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
ypoBHeM noxona H perHoHaM B KOTOPblX
3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
3KOHOMHlJeCKHX H npOlJHX COUHanbHblX
neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
CHCTeM 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H npOlJHX naHHblX
YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
nepelJeHb nOKa3aTeneH MSI oueHKH
pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
Hcnonb30BaHHSI Ha rrpaKTHKe (npH3HaHHe
B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
peCTpYKTYpH3aUHlO HMeIOIUerOCSI KpellHTHOrO
nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
EaHKOM KOHTpOJl~ H oueHKH HX peaJlH3aUHH H
(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
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9
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11
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12
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13
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14
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bull BO-BTOPhIX BoopY)KeHHhIH 3HaHHRMH HaKonneHHhIMH B xone CBoeH neRTenhHOCTH naHK Hrpan ponh KaTanH3aTopa B ocywecTBneHHH He06xonHMhIX npe06pa30BaHHH nYTeM nepena4H CTpaHaM KpenHTOB H np04HX MeponpHRTHH HeKpellHTHoro xapaKTepa (H3naraeMhIX nanee)
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Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
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COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
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3Ha4HTenhHoe BnHRHHe Ha BHyTpeHHHe H Me)KnYHaponHhle ne6aThI no BonpocaM nonHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR cTpaH C HH3KHMH H cpenHHMH noxonaMH H npHopHTeToB pa60ThI naHKa jJoKlaiJ
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15
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16
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HCn0J1h3YIOTCjI B 60Ph6e C pa3J1HlJHh1MH
3a60J1eBaHHjlMH H B Bonpocax
18
HaH60J1ee nonXOnjlWHe npH pellleHHH CJ10)KHhIX
BonpocoB OTpaCJ1H 3nH lTo KaCaeTCjI Mep no
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npaKTHKa KaCaIOwajlCjI 3Toro Bonpoca 6hlJ1a
OTpa)KeHa B nOJ1HTHKe DaHKa 1992 rona
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no pellleHHIO npaKTHlJeCKHX BonpOCOB
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19
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XOTjI 3a nocnellHHe 10 neT pa3Mep KpellHTHoro nopTqenji B 06naCTH 3nH pOC 6bICTPbIMH TeMnaMH Ha6nIOIlaJIHCb 3HalJHTenbHble Kone6aHHjI B ypOBHjlX e)KerOIlHOro qHHaHcHpOBaHHjI 1996 qHHaHcoBbIH rOil 6bln peKopllHo BbICOKHM C ypoBHeM B 24 Mnpll1l0nnCIllA HOBoro qHHaHcHpOBaHHjI no cpaBHeHHIO C 11 MnpllllonnCIllA B 1995 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY H 09 MnpllllonnCIllA B 1997 qHHaHcoBoM roilY 3aMeTHbIH POCT qHHaHCHpOBaHHjI B 1996 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY npoH30111en 6narollapjl YTBep)KlleHHIO njITH KpynHhlx 3aHMOB B pa3Mepe OT 270 MnH J]onn CIllA J]O 350 MnH Ilonn CIllA no cpaBHeHHIO co cpellHHM pa3MepoM 3aHMa B 50-60 MnH 1l0nn CIllA Ha npoeKT B 06naCTH 3nH H cpellHHM pa3MepoM 3aHMa EaHKa B 80 MnH Ilonn CIllA
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20
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21
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311paBooxpaHeHHwqHHaHCHpOBaHHR a TaK)Ke Ha
BbInOnHeHHH 60nee ueneHanpaBneHHblX lleHCTBHH
CeHlfac ewe paHO oueHHBaTh ycnex nOCKOflhKY
nHlllb He60nblllaR 1l0nR TaKHX npoeKToB ObU1a
3aBepllleHa rOIlOBOH 0630p pe3ynbTaToB pa60Tbi B
1996 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY nOKa3aIl ITO HenaBHO
HalfaTble npoeKTbl B 06naCTH 3nH HaXOllHnHCb Ha
80-OM cpellHeM ypOBHe naHKa no nOKa3aTen5IM
1l0CTH)KeHH5I 3allalf pa3BHTH5I H nporpecca B
peaIlH3aUHH
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npoeKTOB C HaIlHlfHeM qaKTopoB pHCKa
TeHlleHUH5I CHH)KeHH5I peHTHHrOB no Mepe
CTapeHHR KpellHTHoro nOpTqen5I H Hecnoc06HoCTb
HMeIOllleHC5I CHCTeMbl 0630poB npellOTBpaTHTh
TaKHe npo6neMbI nonee Toro B 1994-1996
qHHaHcoBbIX rOllax Ha6nIOilaIlOCb 3HalfHTenbHoe
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KOHTponhHbIe MepOnpH5ITHR nnarOllap5I
HellaBHeMY POCTY BHHMaHHR K nOBblllleHHIO
KalfeCTBa TaKaR TeHlleHllH5I 6blna YCTPaHeHa B
1997 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY (CMnpHnO)KeHHe E llflR
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22
nOMHMO oueHKH KOHKpeTHbIX
HHBeCTHUHOHHbIX npoeKToB none3HO BcnOMHHTb
ITO K KOHUY 1996 qHHaHcoBoro rOlla oonee lfeM B
100 npoeKTax naHKa HMenHCb KOMnOHeHTbI
CBR3aHHbIe C oTpacnbIO 3nH B 3THX npoeKTax
obIna npellnpHH5ITa nonbITKa pelllHTb CnO)KHbIe
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BKnIOlfaR ueneHanpaBJJeHHOCTb Ha OellHeHlllHe
cnOH HaceneHHR peqopMY CHCTeMbI
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naHKa H COOTHOllleHHH nepCOHaIla K ypOBHIO
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oueHKY c HaIlHlfHeM CTeneHH pHcKa B HalfaIle
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np06neM C OpraHH3aUHOHHhIM nOTeHUHanOM
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npOBeJleHHH 3aKynoK HCnOnh30BaHHH 3aeMHhIX
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3nH H OCMhIcneHHjJ HaKonneHHoro onhITa B
6e)KeHueB MenneHHOH H HepOBHOH peaJIH3aUHeH
npoeKTOB B CTpaHax C lgteJlepaTHBHOH CTpyKTypOH
1980-x rr Ha Ka)KJlhIH nOTpalJeHHhIH Jlonnap
(aJlMHHHCTpaTHBHhIH 6IOJl)KeT EaHKa nnIOC
TpaCTOBhle lgtOHJlhI KOHcynhTaHTOB) Ha npoeKThI B
clgtepe 3nH 6hlno BhIJleneHO B KalJeCTBe KpeJlHTOB
35 JlonnClllA no cpaBHeHHIO C 60nee lJeM 60
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3nH TaKajJ TeHJleHUHjJ He MO)KeT HOCHTh
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B0306HOBneHHjJ npHBep)KeHHOCTH pelgt0pMaM B
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23
DpeAllaraeMhle nyTH AOCTH)KeHHB pe3YJIhTaTHBHOCTH npOeKTOB B OTpaCJIH 3DH
06eCneleHHe KaleCTBa B xone nOnrOTOBKH npoeKTa
bull PaCWHpeHHe YIaCTHB CTPaHhlmiddot38eM~HKa B nOnrOTOBKe npoeKTa bullbull JIJUI paClllHpeHHR BnaJleHHR
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bull 3KOHOMHIeCKHH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR Bhl60pa OnTHMaJIhHOrO BapHaHTa C YlfeTOM H3Jlep)KeK H B03JleHCTBHR
bull OpraHH38DHOHHhlH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR 06eCnelfeHHR peaJIHCTHIfHOH oueHKH HHCTHTYUUOHaJIhHOrO
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bull Hcnonb30BaHHe 60nee WHpOKoro Ha60pa KpenHTHhlX HHCTpYMeHTOB
bull YIeT AeueUTpaJIB30BaUHoro xapaKTepa COUHaJIhHhlX CeKTOpOB
bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
bull BHeceHHe H3MeHeHHH B npaBHJIa npOBeAeHHSI 3aKynoK B COUHaJIbHOH c4lepe H 60nbllIruI fH6KOCTb B HX
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24
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
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25
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26
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27
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28
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29
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nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
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BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
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npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
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OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
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npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
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nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
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H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
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BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
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KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
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3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
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3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
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neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
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YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
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pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
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KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
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MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
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nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
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(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
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C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
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no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
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npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
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06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
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CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
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11
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12
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bull Cnep)KHBaHHe poCTa pacxonOB B
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bull PerynHpoBaHHe lfaCTHOrO ceKTopa OTKa3 OT Hcnonb30BaHHSI KOMneHCHpYlOlliero CTpaXOBaHHSI H nooIUpeHHe nonYllieBoH onnaTbI a He 3a ycnyry
bull YKpenneHHSI KOHTponSl H CHCTeMbI OTCne)KHBaHHSI 3aTpalfeHHbiX rocynapcTBeHHbIX cpenCTB (Hcnonb3YSl ClfeTa 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI)
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bull 06ecnelfeHHe 3HalfHTenbHoro npeBblllleHHSI ypOBHSI nOCTynneHHH H3 Bcex HCTOIfHHKOB Han O)KHnaeMbiM ofiIUHM ypOBHeM pacxonoB (3-5) nOCTaTOIfHOrO nnSl nOKpbITHSI pacxonoB Ha
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HenorallleHHblX nonrOB H
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13
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POJIh EAHKA PACIlIHPEHHE YQACTHR H OCMhICJIEHHE ODhITA
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OnHaKO pearHpOBaHHe Ha 3anpOCbl KnHeHTOB B OTpacnH 3nH neno BeChMa HenpOCToe Bo-nepBhIX Heo6xonHMO cornaCOBaTh pa3Hoo6pa3Hhie H pa3nHlfalOIUHec~ MHeHH~
3aHHTepeCOBaHHhiX rpynn - KnHeHTOB EaHKa (KaK npaBHno MHHHCTPOB 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ H IgtHHaHCOB) MeCTHOrG HaceneHH~
npOH3BonHTeneH ycnyr H CTpaXOBhlX KOMnaHHH nOTpe6HTeneH (naUHeHTOB 6enHhiX cnoeB HaceneHH~ )KeHIUHH neTeH H npyrHx y~3BHMhIX rpynn) H npOlfHX napTHepoB B nene pa3BHTH~
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pecypchl 31gtIgteKTHBHhiM 06pa30M He6onhll1He H3MeHeHH~ B nOKa3aTen~x MoryT 3aHRTh OT 10 no 15 neT - CPOK npeBhlll1alOIUHH nOnHOMOlJH~ MHorHX npaBHTenhcTB H HX npHBep)KeHHOCTh pelgt0pMaM
H nocnenHee Korna IgtHHaHcoB~ nOMOIUh OTpacnH 3nH nocTynaeT B BHne KpenHToB H 3aHMoB TaKa~ cTpaTerH~ nOn)KHa 6hlTh TIUaTenhHO c6anaHcHpoBaHa C oTnalfeH KOTopa~ MO)KeT 6hlTh nonYlfeHa OT TaKHX HHBecTHUHH B cpenHecpolfHoH nepcneKTHBe H H3nep)KKaMH HepeanH30BaHHhix B03MO)KHOCTeH KOTophle MornH 6hl OTKPhIThC~ npH HHBecTHpoBaHHH B Te o6naCTH 3KOHOMHKH KOTophle BnH~IOT Ha clgtepy 3nH
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EaHK pa60TaeT B cOTpynHHlfecTBe CO MHorHMH Me)KnYHapOnHhIMH opraHH3aUH~MH
(ltDAO MOT CnH)l OOH npOOH ltD)lHOOH B03) perHoHanhHhlMH 6aHKaMH (AEP AIgtEP EEPP H MEP) EC nBycTopOHHHMH opraHH3aUH~MH H HfO H lJaCTHhlM ceKTopoM 3a nocnenHee BpeM~ cOTpynHHlJeCTBO H napTHepcTBo co MHorHMH opraHH3aUH~MH y nYlJll1HnOCh onHaKO eIUe MHoroe npencToHT cnenaTh Ha 3TOM nyTH
CHnhHhlMH cTopoHaMH EaHKa ~Bn~IOTC~ aKKYMynHpoBaHHe B ce6e onhlTa H 3HaHH~
MHpOBoro coo6IUecTBa nonxon K npo6neMaM Ka)KnOH OTnenhHoH cTpaHhl MaKpo3KOHOMHlJeCKOH H MHorooTpacneBoH TOlJeK
14
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3peHHR a TaK)Ke cnoc06HOCTh M06HnH30BaTh KpynHhle cpHHaHCOBhle pecypchI (nH60 HenocpenCTBeHHO nH60 nYTeM napTHepCTB) B Bonpocax npenOCTaBneHHR TeXHH4eCKOH nOMOWH B KOHKpeTHhIX 06naCTRX OTpacnH 3I1H KaK TO 60ph6a C 3a60neBaHHRMH naHK nonaraeTCR Ha coneHCTBHe cneUHanH3HpOBaHHhIX Y4pe)KneHHH OOH H npyrHx Me)KnYHaponHhIX napTHepOB
YqaCTlle liaHKa B ccJepe 3TIH
Ponh naHKa B ccpepe 3flH B Te4eHHe npOll1nhIX 25 neT CTana onHHM H3 npHMepOB paCll1HpeHHR Y4aCTHR H HaKonneHHR onhITa B nByx Ba)KHhIX acneKTax
bull Bo-nepBhIX naHK BHec CBOH BKnan B HaKonneHHe H pacnpOCTpaHeHHe MHpOBoro onhITa no BonpocaM 3TIH nYTeM npOBeneHHR MHPOBhIX H perHOHanhHhIX H3Y4eHHH HccnenOBaHHH H aHanH3a H 06MeHa onhITOM C npyrHMH Me)KnYHaponHhIMH opraHH3aUHRMH
bull BO-BTOPhIX BoopY)KeHHhIH 3HaHHRMH HaKonneHHhIMH B xone CBoeH neRTenhHOCTH naHK Hrpan ponh KaTanH3aTopa B ocywecTBneHHH He06xonHMhIX npe06pa30BaHHH nYTeM nepena4H CTpaHaM KpenHTOB H np04HX MeponpHRTHH HeKpellHTHoro xapaKTepa (H3naraeMhIX nanee)
IIonyqeHHe H paCilpOCTpaHeHHe r no6anhHhIX 3HaHHH
TIepeKpeCTHhle HccnenOBaHHR
MHorHe npenhIJlYWHe HccnenOBaHHR naHKa B OTpacnH 3TIH 6hlnH cocpenOT04eHhI Ha ponH rocynapCTBa H Herocy napCTBeHHoro ceKTopa B 06ecne4eHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH ManoHMywero HaceneHHR B ycnyrax ccpephI 3TIH B pa60Te CHCTeMhI 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H 06ecne4eHHH YCTOH4HBoro cpHHaHCHpOBaHHR
Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
npOipaMMbl (1970 i) U iJoKYMeHInbl no nolumuKe
COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
npOipaMMa (1973 i) no MepaM B 06naCTH
06ecne4eHHR nponoBonhcTBHeM H (B) [JOlumuKa B
o6lacmu 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU5I (1975)
jJOKYMeHm no nOlumuKe B o6lacmu
3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 (1980 i) RBnRnCR nepBoH nonhITKOH 060CHOBaTh HHBeCTHUHH naHKa B oTpacnh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H CBR3h Me)Kny 3npaBooxpaHeHHeM HCKopeHeHHeM 6enHocTH H nnaHHpoBaHHeM ceMhH Omtem 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu coualbHblX pecypCOB (1980 r) nponeMoHcTpHpoBan Ba)KHOCTh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR HapRny C 06pa30BaHHeM H cOUHanhHoH 3aWHToH nnR cTpaTerHH HCKopeHeHHR 6enHocTH
jJOKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM pa3Bumuu 1984 i
HapoiJoHaCeleHUe u pa3Bumue non4epKHYn ponh rocynapcTBa B CHH)KeHHH ypoBHeH cMepTHocTH H pO)KnaeMocTH I1ccnenoBaHHe npoBeneHHoe B 1987 r (fJuHaHcupoBaHue yClyi 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 B
pa3BUBalOlqUXC5I cmpaHax [JpOipaMMa perJ0pM
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TeMa ponH rocynapcTBa 6hlna BHOBh 3aTpoHYTa B npyroM nOKYMeHTe naHKa no np06neMaM B 06naCTH 3TIH jJoKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu B 1993 i HHBecmuuu B
3iJpaBooxpaHeHue 3TOT nOKnaJ] Y)Ke OKa3an
3Ha4HTenhHoe BnHRHHe Ha BHyTpeHHHe H Me)KnYHaponHhle ne6aThI no BonpocaM nonHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR cTpaH C HH3KHMH H cpenHHMH noxonaMH H npHopHTeToB pa60ThI naHKa jJoKlaiJ
no pa3BumulO u 3alqUlne oKpYJKalOlqeu cpeiJbl (1992 r) llOKflall Om lleHmpalbHOiO flIaHUpOBaHU5I K
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15
IaCmHble 60lbHU4bl)
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B nocnenHee BpeMSI Ha HccnenOBaHHSI H aHanH3 npofineM B ofinaCTH 3nH B KOHKpeTHblX cTpaHax e)KerOnHO BblnenSleTCSI H3 cpencTB 3aHMOB H KpenHToB npenOCTaBnSleMblX EaHKoM 50-75 MnH nonn CIIIA liTO COCTaBnSleT 5-6 OT Bcero OfibeMa KpenHTOBaHHSI SIBnSlSlCb KpynHblM HCTOllHHKOM IPHHaHcHpOBaHHSI HccnenOBaTenbCKHX pafioT B ofinaCTH 3nH npoBOnHMblX B cTpaHax-KnHeHTax
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16
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B KOHue 1996 qHHaHcoBoro rOlla HaClJHTbIBaJIOCb 154 lleHcTBYIOmHx npoeKToB B oTpacnH 3nH B 82 CTpaHax C 06mHM ypoBHeM qHHaHcHpOBaHHjI B 92 Mnpll1l0nnCIllA (ueHbI 1996) H 94 3aBepllleHHblx npoeKTa (CM npHnO)KeHHe G )eHCTBYIOmHe H 6YIlymHe npoeKTbI qHHaHcHpyeMble EaHKoMlMAP) C 1994 110 1996 rr qHHaHcoBoro rOlla OKono 48 qHHaHcHpOBaHHjI EaHKa COCTaBnjlnH KpellHTbI MAP npellOCTaBnjleMble 6ellHeHlllHM cTpaHaM MHpa 06IUHH 06neM HHocTpaHHoH nOMOIUH oTpacnH 3nH 3a nepHoll C 1985 no 1993 rOlla COCTaBHn OKono 2 MnpllllonnCIllA e)KerOIlHO B ueHax 1996 (3a HCKnIOlJeHHeM 3aHMOB EaHKa)
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bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
bull BHeceHHe H3MeHeHHH B npaBHJIa npOBeAeHHSI 3aKynoK B COUHaJIbHOH c4lepe H 60nbllIruI fH6KOCTb B HX
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24
rJIABA III
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25
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26
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27
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BcnenCTBHe OhlCTPOrO pOCTa 1HCna npoeKTOB
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28
OCHOBHYIO TpeBory BhI3hlBaIOT B03LleHCTBHe H
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BhlCOKOrO KaleCTBa naHKY He06xOLlHMO
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CTpaTerHIeCKYIO HanpaBneHHOCTh nonHTHKH B
06naCTH 3nH nOLlKpenneHHe KpeLlHTOBaHHjI
aHanH30M H HCCneLlOBaHHjlMH 60nhlllaji
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nOJIHTHKH B OOJIaCTH 3DH
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aHanHTHIeCKYIO OCHOBY peKmteHLlaUHH
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KOTophle HMeIOT 60nee BhlCOKHH ypOBeHh pHcKa
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nO Mepe TOro KaK naHK npOLlOn)KaeT
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pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
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rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
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pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
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3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
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29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
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1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
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BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
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npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
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Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
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MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
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nopTcpenSl
31
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32
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33
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bull 06eCneleHUe paBHOiO oocmyna K p5lllY neqe6HOshy
npoqHnaKTHqeCKHX ycnyr nYTeM (1) CHH)I(eHH5I reorpaqHqeCKHX qHHaHCOBbIX
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bull IIOBblmeHUe 3rJrJeKmuBHocmu ucnolb30BaHU5I
CKYOHblX peCYPCOB nYTeM ynyqllleHH5I npouecca
npHH5ITH5I pellleHHH ynpaBneHH5I nOOIUpeHH5I
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9
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31PIPeKTHBHhiX CXeM nelJeHH5I oT60pa HOBhlX
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10
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11
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12
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bull PerynHpoBaHHe lfaCTHOrO ceKTopa OTKa3 OT Hcnonb30BaHHSI KOMneHCHpYlOlliero CTpaXOBaHHSI H nooIUpeHHe nonYllieBoH onnaTbI a He 3a ycnyry
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13
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14
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Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
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15
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16
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HaceneHHR pO)KllaeMOCTH H nHTaHHR middot nOCKonbKY
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H3MeHeHHR C B0311eHCTBHeM KOHKpeTHbIX
npoeKTHbIX MeponpHRTHH OTCne)KHBaIlHCb
nOKa3aTenH pecypcbIlnpoueccbIlpe3ynb-TaTbl a He
nocnellCTBHR OT npOBelleHHbIX MeponpHRTHH
TaKHe BblBOllbI 3aCTaBHnH naHK
COCpellOTOlfHTb 1l0nonHHTenbHoe BHHMaHHe Ha
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nHlllb He60nblllaR 1l0nR TaKHX npoeKToB ObU1a
3aBepllleHa rOIlOBOH 0630p pe3ynbTaToB pa60Tbi B
1996 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY nOKa3aIl ITO HenaBHO
HalfaTble npoeKTbl B 06naCTH 3nH HaXOllHnHCb Ha
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1l0CTH)KeHH5I 3allalf pa3BHTH5I H nporpecca B
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npoeKTOB C HaIlHlfHeM qaKTopoB pHCKa
TeHlleHUH5I CHH)KeHH5I peHTHHrOB no Mepe
CTapeHHR KpellHTHoro nOpTqen5I H Hecnoc06HoCTb
HMeIOllleHC5I CHCTeMbl 0630poB npellOTBpaTHTh
TaKHe npo6neMbI nonee Toro B 1994-1996
qHHaHcoBbIX rOllax Ha6nIOilaIlOCb 3HalfHTenbHoe
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KOHTponhHbIe MepOnpH5ITHR nnarOllap5I
HellaBHeMY POCTY BHHMaHHR K nOBblllleHHIO
KalfeCTBa TaKaR TeHlleHllH5I 6blna YCTPaHeHa B
1997 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY (CMnpHnO)KeHHe E llflR
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22
nOMHMO oueHKH KOHKpeTHbIX
HHBeCTHUHOHHbIX npoeKToB none3HO BcnOMHHTb
ITO K KOHUY 1996 qHHaHcoBoro rOlla oonee lfeM B
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CBR3aHHbIe C oTpacnbIO 3nH B 3THX npoeKTax
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naHKa H COOTHOllleHHH nepCOHaIla K ypOBHIO
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oueHKY c HaIlHlfHeM CTeneHH pHcKa B HalfaIle
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npOBeJleHHH 3aKynoK HCnOnh30BaHHH 3aeMHhIX
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6e)KeHueB MenneHHOH H HepOBHOH peaJIH3aUHeH
npoeKTOB B CTpaHax C lgteJlepaTHBHOH CTpyKTypOH
1980-x rr Ha Ka)KJlhIH nOTpalJeHHhIH Jlonnap
(aJlMHHHCTpaTHBHhIH 6IOJl)KeT EaHKa nnIOC
TpaCTOBhle lgtOHJlhI KOHcynhTaHTOB) Ha npoeKThI B
clgtepe 3nH 6hlno BhIJleneHO B KalJeCTBe KpeJlHTOB
35 JlonnClllA no cpaBHeHHIO C 60nee lJeM 60
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B0306HOBneHHjJ npHBep)KeHHOCTH pelgt0pMaM B
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23
DpeAllaraeMhle nyTH AOCTH)KeHHB pe3YJIhTaTHBHOCTH npOeKTOB B OTpaCJIH 3DH
06eCneleHHe KaleCTBa B xone nOnrOTOBKH npoeKTa
bull PaCWHpeHHe YIaCTHB CTPaHhlmiddot38eM~HKa B nOnrOTOBKe npoeKTa bullbull JIJUI paClllHpeHHR BnaJleHHR
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bull YIeT AeueUTpaJIB30BaUHoro xapaKTepa COUHaJIhHhlX CeKTOpOB
bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
bull BHeceHHe H3MeHeHHH B npaBHJIa npOBeAeHHSI 3aKynoK B COUHaJIbHOH c4lepe H 60nbllIruI fH6KOCTb B HX
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24
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
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25
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27
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28
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29
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nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
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BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
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npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
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OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
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npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
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nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
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H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
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BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
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KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
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3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
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3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
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neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
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YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
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pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
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KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
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MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
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nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
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(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
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C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
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no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
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npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
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06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
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CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
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9
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12
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13
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14
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Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
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COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
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15
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30paBooXpaHeHUJI nonroToBneHHblH oceHblO 1997 OfibenHHeHHeM cneUHanHCTOB EaHKa B ofinaCTH COUHanbHblX pecypcoB H cOTpynHHKaMH H3P npH coneHCTBHH weCTH perHOHanbHblX HHCTHTYTOBshynapTHepoB CKOHueHTpHpOBaH Ha Bonpocax )KOHOMHKH nonHTHlieCKOH )KOHOMHH H HHCTHTYUHOHanbHblX npofineMax 3aHHMalOlllHX ueHTpanbHoe MeCTO B pelPopMax oTpacnH 3nH 3a npOlUenUIHe nsa rona B paMKax HenenbHoro nOBbllUeHHSI KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa npoBonHMoro UeHTpOM ofiYlleHHSI fiblna npOBeneHa HHTeHCHBHaSl nonrOTOBKa C ynopoM Ha Ba)KHeHIUHe Bonpocbl oTpacnH 3nH
Me)KnYHaponHble KOHlPepeHUHH H HaYllHble ceMHHapbl opraHH3yeMbie EaHKoM H JlPyrHMH opraHH3aUHRMH TaKJKe COJleHcTBYIOT nOBbllUeHHIO KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa H cTpaH-KnHeHToB EaHK npHHSIn YliaCTHe BO BceMHpHoM COBelllaHHH no BonpocaM neTCTBa npoBonHMoM K)HHCEltIgt B 1990 B HblO-HopKe B Me)KnYHapOnHOH napTHepcKoH BCTpelie no oxpaHe MaTepHHcTBa B BallIHHITOHe oKpyr KonYMfiHSI B 1991 B Me)KnYHaponHoH KOHlaquoPepeHuHH no BonpocaM HapOnoHaCeneHHSI H pa3BHTHSI B KaHpe B 1994 BO BceMHpHoH KOHlPepeHUHH no BonpocaM )KeHlllHH B ileKHHe B 1995 H B Me)KnYHaponHoH KOHlPepeHUHH no BonpocaM paHHero MaTepHHCTBa B ATnaHTe B 1996 TaK)Ke B 1997 r EaHK opraHH30Ban H npOBen Me)KnYHaponHYIO KOHlPepeHUHIO no IPHHaHcHpoBaHHIO 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI B BaIUHHITOHe oKpyr KonYMfiHSI
16
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npoeKToB B 0611acTH 3nH 6hl11H
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BK11an B HHCTHTYUHOHa11hHOe pa3BHTHe Ehl11H
BhljB11eHhl c11enYlOllUIe qaKTophl nOBI1HjBlllHe Ha
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npoeKToB B 0611acTH 3nH n011YllH11H peHTHHr
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Heynall OCTa11hHhIX npoeKToB OKa3a110Ch
HenOCTaTOllHoe KalleCTBO 3KOHOMHlIeCKoro H
opraHH3aUHoHHoro aHa11H3a npone11aHHoro B xone
nonrOTOBKH npoeKTa a HMeHHO HeBHHMaHHe K
MaKp03KoHoMHlIecKHM qaKTopaM HenooueHKa
pa3Mepa TeKYlllHx pacxonoB H HenOCTaTOllHoro
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pellleHHe Me)l(OTpaC11eBhIX BonpOCOB BK11lOlIaj
CHCTeMY rocynapCTBeHHOH C11Y)l(6hl PhlHOK
pa60lleH CH11hl nOTaUHH Ha nHTaHHe H n011HTHKY
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npoeKTOB B cqepe 3nH He06xonHMO OTMeTHTh
liTO HeCMOTpj Ha TO liTO aHa11H3 ponH
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onHOM H3 68 3aBeprneHHhiX npoeKToB B 0611aCTH
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21
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OOpaTHTb BHHMaHHe 3TO TOT qaKT ITO KaK
nOKa3aIlH HellaBHHe 0030PbI 00[( OTlfeTOB 0
peaIlH3aUHH 68 npoeKTOB TOflbKO 59 npoeKToB
B oonaCTH 3nH nonYlfHnH Y1l0BneTBopHTenbHYIO
oueHKY no cpaBHeHHIO C 81 npoeKToB B oTpacnH
oopa30BaHHR H 58 npoeKToB B uenOM no BceMY
naHKY flHlllb HeKoTopbIe npoeKTbI npellocTaBHnH
OOneKTHBHYIO 1l0KYMeHTaUHIO 0 B0311dicTBHH
MeponpHRTHH npoeKTa Ha nOKa3aTenH 3110POBbR
HaceneHHR pO)KllaeMOCTH H nHTaHHR middot nOCKonbKY
BeCbMa TPYllHO COOTHeCTH npoHcxoMIUHe
H3MeHeHHR C B0311eHCTBHeM KOHKpeTHbIX
npoeKTHbIX MeponpHRTHH OTCne)KHBaIlHCb
nOKa3aTenH pecypcbIlnpoueccbIlpe3ynb-TaTbl a He
nocnellCTBHR OT npOBelleHHbIX MeponpHRTHH
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CHCTeMHbIX peqopMax BKnIOlfaR
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nHlllb He60nblllaR 1l0nR TaKHX npoeKToB ObU1a
3aBepllleHa rOIlOBOH 0630p pe3ynbTaToB pa60Tbi B
1996 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY nOKa3aIl ITO HenaBHO
HalfaTble npoeKTbl B 06naCTH 3nH HaXOllHnHCb Ha
80-OM cpellHeM ypOBHe naHKa no nOKa3aTen5IM
1l0CTH)KeHH5I 3allalf pa3BHTH5I H nporpecca B
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npoeKTOB C HaIlHlfHeM qaKTopoB pHCKa
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CTapeHHR KpellHTHoro nOpTqen5I H Hecnoc06HoCTb
HMeIOllleHC5I CHCTeMbl 0630poB npellOTBpaTHTh
TaKHe npo6neMbI nonee Toro B 1994-1996
qHHaHcoBbIX rOllax Ha6nIOilaIlOCb 3HalfHTenbHoe
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KalfeCTBa TaKaR TeHlleHllH5I 6blna YCTPaHeHa B
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22
nOMHMO oueHKH KOHKpeTHbIX
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ITO K KOHUY 1996 qHHaHcoBoro rOlla oonee lfeM B
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naHKa H COOTHOllleHHH nepCOHaIla K ypOBHIO
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oueHKY c HaIlHlfHeM CTeneHH pHcKa B HalfaIle
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np06neM C OpraHH3aUHOHHhIM nOTeHUHanOM
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npOBeJleHHH 3aKynoK HCnOnh30BaHHH 3aeMHhIX
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6e)KeHueB MenneHHOH H HepOBHOH peaJIH3aUHeH
npoeKTOB B CTpaHax C lgteJlepaTHBHOH CTpyKTypOH
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(aJlMHHHCTpaTHBHhIH 6IOJl)KeT EaHKa nnIOC
TpaCTOBhle lgtOHJlhI KOHcynhTaHTOB) Ha npoeKThI B
clgtepe 3nH 6hlno BhIJleneHO B KalJeCTBe KpeJlHTOB
35 JlonnClllA no cpaBHeHHIO C 60nee lJeM 60
JlonnClllA B 1996 lgtHHaHcoBoM rOJlY H 30 Jlonn ClllA B cpeJlHeM no EaHKY TpacToBhle lgtOHJlhI -shy
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B0306HOBneHHjJ npHBep)KeHHOCTH pelgt0pMaM B
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23
DpeAllaraeMhle nyTH AOCTH)KeHHB pe3YJIhTaTHBHOCTH npOeKTOB B OTpaCJIH 3DH
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bull PaCWHpeHHe YIaCTHB CTPaHhlmiddot38eM~HKa B nOnrOTOBKe npoeKTa bullbull JIJUI paClllHpeHHR BnaJleHHR
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bull YIeT AeueUTpaJIB30BaUHoro xapaKTepa COUHaJIhHhlX CeKTOpOB
bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
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24
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
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25
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26
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27
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28
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CneLlyeT 06paTHTh 60nhlUe BHHMaHHB Ha
(a) Bonpochl pearHpOBaHHjI OTLlenhHhlX nHU H
ceMeH Ha ueHoBYIO nonHTHKY KaleCTBO LlocTyn
MeLlHUHHCKoro 06cnY)KHBaHHjI H oxpaHhl
3LlOPOBhjl HaCeneHHjI KOHKpeTHhle MepOnpHjlTHjI
COleTaHHe rocYLlapCTBaiaCTHoro ceKTopa H
pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
noompeHHe nHU H ceMeH 6paTh BCIO nonHoTY
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH Ha ce6j1 3a CBoe 3LlopOBhe H
YlaCTBOBaTh B npouecce npHHSITHjI pellleHHH (B)
H3YQeHHe lgtaKTopoB BnHjlIOIl(HX Ha pe3ynhTaThi
pa60Thi CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI BKnIOIajl
nonHTHIeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO pelgtopM ynpaBneHHe H
opraHH3aUHOHHhie acneKThl (r) H3YleHHe
npouecca 06eCneleHHjI YCTOHIHBoro ypOBHjI
IgtHHaHCHpoBaHHjI 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H cOBMellleHHjI
PHCKOB H Toro KaK Hcnonh30BaTh pe3ynhTaThl
nonYleHHhle B XOLle 0630pOB 3aTpaT Ha
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHe (HaceneHHjI H H3
rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
npeLlnpHsITHH) Llnjl onpeLleneHHjI OTpacneBhlX
npHopHTeTOB (pellleHHH 0 pacnpeLleneHHH
pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
OCMhicneHHe onhlTa pelgtOpMHpOBaHHjI CHCTeM
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHeM H
29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
BO-BTOPblX HeofixonHMO TpaTHTb 60nbllle
BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
ypOKOB B xone nnaHHpOBaHHSI H peanH3aUHH
npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
3neMeHTbl KOTopble ofieCnelJHBalOT
KalJeCTBeHHOCTb npoeKTa nYTeM npHMeHeHHSI
HMeIOIUHXCSI HHCTpYMeHTOB OTpacneBoro
3KOHOMHlJeCKOrO opraHH3aUHOHHoro aHanH3a H
oueHKH nOTeHUHanbHoro pHCKa Eonbllle BpeMeHH
HeofixonHMO ynenSITb anpofiaUHH HOBblX
nonxonoB BKnlOlJaSl IllHpOKOMaCllITafiHble
OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
npHeMneMoro cpOKa Y CHnHSI fiynyT
npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
npHBepJKeHHOCTH K BblfipaHHOH nonHTHKe npH
CMeHe npaBHTenbCTB HHCTHTYUHOHanbHoe
npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
B-TpeTbHX fiyneT onpofiOBaH fionee
rHfiKHH H IllHpOKHH Ha60p HHCTpYMeHTOB
KpenHTOBaHHSI JrO npenYCMaTpHBaeT fionbillee
Hcnonb30BaHHe IllHpoKHX OTpacneBblX nonXonOB H
3aHMOB MSI nOnnepJKKH CHCTeMHblX pecpopM
HOBblX MHKPO MHHH H ananTHpOBaHHblX
HHBeCTHUHOHHblX 3aHMOB no Mepe HX HanHlJHSI
Hcnonb30BaHHe fionee MenKHX H HHHOBaUHOHHblX
3aHMOB nOMOJKeT H3fieJKaTb CnOJKHblX
nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
nOKYMeHTaUHH
YlJHTblBaSl BaJKHOCTb KalJeCTBeHHOrO
npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
fiynyT npOBOnHTbCSI onpOCbl HaCeneHHSI nnSl
BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
EaHKa Ha pa3BHTHe
KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
B 3TOH ccpepe COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHe pafiOTbl CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H HX cpHHaHCHpOBaHHSI EaHKY
HeofixonHMO npHHSITb Mepbl no YKpenneHHIO
cofiCTBeHHoro nOTeHUHana H nOTeHUHana
3aeMIUHKOB no npoBeneHHIO MOHHTopHHra H
aHanH3a nporpecca B nOCTHJKeHHH nOCTaBneHHblX
3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
HHcpopMaUHSI ofi OCHOBHblX npofineMax B ccpepe
3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
ypoBHeM noxona H perHoHaM B KOTOPblX
3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
3KOHOMHlJeCKHX H npOlJHX COUHanbHblX
neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
CHCTeM 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H npOlJHX naHHblX
YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
nepelJeHb nOKa3aTeneH MSI oueHKH
pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
Hcnonb30BaHHSI Ha rrpaKTHKe (npH3HaHHe
B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
peCTpYKTYpH3aUHlO HMeIOIUerOCSI KpellHTHOrO
nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
EaHKOM KOHTpOJl~ H oueHKH HX peaJlH3aUHH H
(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
EyneT YKpenJleHO cOTpynHH-IecTBo EaHKa
C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
6yneT npOnOJlJKaTb OKa3bIBaTb nOnnepJKKY
HenaBHO C03naHHOMY MeJKnYHaponHOMY IgtOPYMY
no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
CneUHaJlbHblX rpaHTOB ltlgtOPYM cnoc06cTByeT
cocpenOTO-leHHIO HCCJlenOBaTeJlbCKHX pecypcoB Ha
npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
pacnpOCTpaHeHH~ MHKp060B cnoc06HblX
npOTHBOCTORTb BaKUHHaM BO-BTOPbIX 6yneT
noompRTbCJI npOllOJlJKeHHe IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ H3
cpenCTB rpaHTOB npHopHTeTHblX MeJKnYHaponHbIX
HHHUHaTHB yJly-llllalOlUHX 06MeH onblTOM B
06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
COTPYnHH-IaTb C lgtapMaueBTH-IeCKOH BaKUHHHOH H
6HOTeXHOJlOrH-IeCKOH npOMbIlllJleHHOCTblO no
YKpenJleHHIO HCCJlenOBaHHH H nOJlY-leHHIO
nponYKTOB He06xollHMblX nnR 6enHoro HaCeJleHH5I
B CTpaHax C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona KaK- TO
HOBble JleKapCTBa OT MaJl5lpHH
npoTHBoTy6epKYJle3Hble BaKUHHbl 60Jlee
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9
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12
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13
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14
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Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
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COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
npOipaMMa (1973 i) no MepaM B 06naCTH
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15
IaCmHble 60lbHU4bl)
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30paBooXpaHeHUJI nonroToBneHHblH oceHblO 1997 OfibenHHeHHeM cneUHanHCTOB EaHKa B ofinaCTH COUHanbHblX pecypcoB H cOTpynHHKaMH H3P npH coneHCTBHH weCTH perHOHanbHblX HHCTHTYTOBshynapTHepoB CKOHueHTpHpOBaH Ha Bonpocax )KOHOMHKH nonHTHlieCKOH )KOHOMHH H HHCTHTYUHOHanbHblX npofineMax 3aHHMalOlllHX ueHTpanbHoe MeCTO B pelPopMax oTpacnH 3nH 3a npOlUenUIHe nsa rona B paMKax HenenbHoro nOBbllUeHHSI KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa npoBonHMoro UeHTpOM ofiYlleHHSI fiblna npOBeneHa HHTeHCHBHaSl nonrOTOBKa C ynopoM Ha Ba)KHeHIUHe Bonpocbl oTpacnH 3nH
Me)KnYHaponHble KOHlPepeHUHH H HaYllHble ceMHHapbl opraHH3yeMbie EaHKoM H JlPyrHMH opraHH3aUHRMH TaKJKe COJleHcTBYIOT nOBbllUeHHIO KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa H cTpaH-KnHeHToB EaHK npHHSIn YliaCTHe BO BceMHpHoM COBelllaHHH no BonpocaM neTCTBa npoBonHMoM K)HHCEltIgt B 1990 B HblO-HopKe B Me)KnYHapOnHOH napTHepcKoH BCTpelie no oxpaHe MaTepHHcTBa B BallIHHITOHe oKpyr KonYMfiHSI B 1991 B Me)KnYHaponHoH KOHlaquoPepeHuHH no BonpocaM HapOnoHaCeneHHSI H pa3BHTHSI B KaHpe B 1994 BO BceMHpHoH KOHlPepeHUHH no BonpocaM )KeHlllHH B ileKHHe B 1995 H B Me)KnYHaponHoH KOHlPepeHUHH no BonpocaM paHHero MaTepHHCTBa B ATnaHTe B 1996 TaK)Ke B 1997 r EaHK opraHH30Ban H npOBen Me)KnYHaponHYIO KOHlPepeHUHIO no IPHHaHcHpoBaHHIO 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI B BaIUHHITOHe oKpyr KonYMfiHSI
16
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pecypCHoro 06ecnelleHHj TaKOH nonxon He
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BK11an B HHCTHTYUHOHa11hHOe pa3BHTHe Ehl11H
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Heynall OCTa11hHhIX npoeKToB OKa3a110Ch
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opraHH3aUHoHHoro aHa11H3a npone11aHHoro B xone
nonrOTOBKH npoeKTa a HMeHHO HeBHHMaHHe K
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pa3Mepa TeKYlllHx pacxonoB H HenOCTaTOllHoro
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CHCTeMY rocynapCTBeHHOH C11Y)l(6hl PhlHOK
pa60lleH CH11hl nOTaUHH Ha nHTaHHe H n011HTHKY
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liTO HeCMOTpj Ha TO liTO aHa11H3 ponH
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21
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B oonaCTH 3nH nonYlfHnH Y1l0BneTBopHTenbHYIO
oueHKY no cpaBHeHHIO C 81 npoeKToB B oTpacnH
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naHKY flHlllb HeKoTopbIe npoeKTbI npellocTaBHnH
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HaceneHHR pO)KllaeMOCTH H nHTaHHR middot nOCKonbKY
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H3MeHeHHR C B0311eHCTBHeM KOHKpeTHbIX
npoeKTHbIX MeponpHRTHH OTCne)KHBaIlHCb
nOKa3aTenH pecypcbIlnpoueccbIlpe3ynb-TaTbl a He
nocnellCTBHR OT npOBelleHHbIX MeponpHRTHH
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nHlllb He60nblllaR 1l0nR TaKHX npoeKToB ObU1a
3aBepllleHa rOIlOBOH 0630p pe3ynbTaToB pa60Tbi B
1996 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY nOKa3aIl ITO HenaBHO
HalfaTble npoeKTbl B 06naCTH 3nH HaXOllHnHCb Ha
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1l0CTH)KeHH5I 3allalf pa3BHTH5I H nporpecca B
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CTapeHHR KpellHTHoro nOpTqen5I H Hecnoc06HoCTb
HMeIOllleHC5I CHCTeMbl 0630poB npellOTBpaTHTh
TaKHe npo6neMbI nonee Toro B 1994-1996
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23
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24
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25
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26
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27
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28
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KOTophle HMeIOT 60nee BhlCOKHH ypOBeHh pHcKa
DOAKpenJIeHHe KpeAHToBaHHB
aHaJIHTHQeCKOH paooToH H HCCJ1eAOBaHHBMH
nO Mepe TOro KaK naHK npOLlOn)KaeT
nepeHocHTh ynop B CBoeH LleBTenhHOCTH
IgtH3HIeCKHX aKTHBOB H pe3ynhTaToB Ha npouecc
He06xoLlHMO 3KcnepHMeHTHpoBaTh H
OCMhlcnHBaTh nonYleHHhlH onhlT llnB 3Toro
He06xoLlHMO TluaTenhHO pa3pa6aThiBaTh
3KcnepHMeHTanhHhie npoeKThl KOHTponHpoBaTh
HX peanH3aUHIO H aHanH3HpoBaTh pe3ynhTaThl a
TaK)Ke LlenaTh 60nhlllHH ynop Ha pa3pa60TKY H
KOHTpOnh 3a BhmonHeHHeM HccneLlOBaTenhCKHX
KOMnOHeHTOB HHBeCTHUHOHHhlX npoeKToB
CneLlyeT 06paTHTh 60nhlUe BHHMaHHB Ha
(a) Bonpochl pearHpOBaHHjI OTLlenhHhlX nHU H
ceMeH Ha ueHoBYIO nonHTHKY KaleCTBO LlocTyn
MeLlHUHHCKoro 06cnY)KHBaHHjI H oxpaHhl
3LlOPOBhjl HaCeneHHjI KOHKpeTHhle MepOnpHjlTHjI
COleTaHHe rocYLlapCTBaiaCTHoro ceKTopa H
pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
noompeHHe nHU H ceMeH 6paTh BCIO nonHoTY
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH Ha ce6j1 3a CBoe 3LlopOBhe H
YlaCTBOBaTh B npouecce npHHSITHjI pellleHHH (B)
H3YQeHHe lgtaKTopoB BnHjlIOIl(HX Ha pe3ynhTaThi
pa60Thi CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI BKnIOIajl
nonHTHIeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO pelgtopM ynpaBneHHe H
opraHH3aUHOHHhie acneKThl (r) H3YleHHe
npouecca 06eCneleHHjI YCTOHIHBoro ypOBHjI
IgtHHaHCHpoBaHHjI 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H cOBMellleHHjI
PHCKOB H Toro KaK Hcnonh30BaTh pe3ynhTaThl
nonYleHHhle B XOLle 0630pOB 3aTpaT Ha
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHe (HaceneHHjI H H3
rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
npeLlnpHsITHH) Llnjl onpeLleneHHjI OTpacneBhlX
npHopHTeTOB (pellleHHH 0 pacnpeLleneHHH
pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
OCMhicneHHe onhlTa pelgtOpMHpOBaHHjI CHCTeM
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHeM H
29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
BO-BTOPblX HeofixonHMO TpaTHTb 60nbllle
BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
ypOKOB B xone nnaHHpOBaHHSI H peanH3aUHH
npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
3neMeHTbl KOTopble ofieCnelJHBalOT
KalJeCTBeHHOCTb npoeKTa nYTeM npHMeHeHHSI
HMeIOIUHXCSI HHCTpYMeHTOB OTpacneBoro
3KOHOMHlJeCKOrO opraHH3aUHOHHoro aHanH3a H
oueHKH nOTeHUHanbHoro pHCKa Eonbllle BpeMeHH
HeofixonHMO ynenSITb anpofiaUHH HOBblX
nonxonoB BKnlOlJaSl IllHpOKOMaCllITafiHble
OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
npHeMneMoro cpOKa Y CHnHSI fiynyT
npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
npHBepJKeHHOCTH K BblfipaHHOH nonHTHKe npH
CMeHe npaBHTenbCTB HHCTHTYUHOHanbHoe
npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
B-TpeTbHX fiyneT onpofiOBaH fionee
rHfiKHH H IllHpOKHH Ha60p HHCTpYMeHTOB
KpenHTOBaHHSI JrO npenYCMaTpHBaeT fionbillee
Hcnonb30BaHHe IllHpoKHX OTpacneBblX nonXonOB H
3aHMOB MSI nOnnepJKKH CHCTeMHblX pecpopM
HOBblX MHKPO MHHH H ananTHpOBaHHblX
HHBeCTHUHOHHblX 3aHMOB no Mepe HX HanHlJHSI
Hcnonb30BaHHe fionee MenKHX H HHHOBaUHOHHblX
3aHMOB nOMOJKeT H3fieJKaTb CnOJKHblX
nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
nOKYMeHTaUHH
YlJHTblBaSl BaJKHOCTb KalJeCTBeHHOrO
npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
fiynyT npOBOnHTbCSI onpOCbl HaCeneHHSI nnSl
BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
EaHKa Ha pa3BHTHe
KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
B 3TOH ccpepe COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHe pafiOTbl CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H HX cpHHaHCHpOBaHHSI EaHKY
HeofixonHMO npHHSITb Mepbl no YKpenneHHIO
cofiCTBeHHoro nOTeHUHana H nOTeHUHana
3aeMIUHKOB no npoBeneHHIO MOHHTopHHra H
aHanH3a nporpecca B nOCTHJKeHHH nOCTaBneHHblX
3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
HHcpopMaUHSI ofi OCHOBHblX npofineMax B ccpepe
3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
ypoBHeM noxona H perHoHaM B KOTOPblX
3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
3KOHOMHlJeCKHX H npOlJHX COUHanbHblX
neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
CHCTeM 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H npOlJHX naHHblX
YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
nepelJeHb nOKa3aTeneH MSI oueHKH
pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
Hcnonb30BaHHSI Ha rrpaKTHKe (npH3HaHHe
B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
peCTpYKTYpH3aUHlO HMeIOIUerOCSI KpellHTHOrO
nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
EaHKOM KOHTpOJl~ H oueHKH HX peaJlH3aUHH H
(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
EyneT YKpenJleHO cOTpynHH-IecTBo EaHKa
C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
6yneT npOnOJlJKaTb OKa3bIBaTb nOnnepJKKY
HenaBHO C03naHHOMY MeJKnYHaponHOMY IgtOPYMY
no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
CneUHaJlbHblX rpaHTOB ltlgtOPYM cnoc06cTByeT
cocpenOTO-leHHIO HCCJlenOBaTeJlbCKHX pecypcoB Ha
npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
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9
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12
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13
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14
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Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
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COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
npOipaMMa (1973 i) no MepaM B 06naCTH
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15
IaCmHble 60lbHU4bl)
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30paBooXpaHeHUJI nonroToBneHHblH oceHblO 1997 OfibenHHeHHeM cneUHanHCTOB EaHKa B ofinaCTH COUHanbHblX pecypcoB H cOTpynHHKaMH H3P npH coneHCTBHH weCTH perHOHanbHblX HHCTHTYTOBshynapTHepoB CKOHueHTpHpOBaH Ha Bonpocax )KOHOMHKH nonHTHlieCKOH )KOHOMHH H HHCTHTYUHOHanbHblX npofineMax 3aHHMalOlllHX ueHTpanbHoe MeCTO B pelPopMax oTpacnH 3nH 3a npOlUenUIHe nsa rona B paMKax HenenbHoro nOBbllUeHHSI KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa npoBonHMoro UeHTpOM ofiYlleHHSI fiblna npOBeneHa HHTeHCHBHaSl nonrOTOBKa C ynopoM Ha Ba)KHeHIUHe Bonpocbl oTpacnH 3nH
Me)KnYHaponHble KOHlPepeHUHH H HaYllHble ceMHHapbl opraHH3yeMbie EaHKoM H JlPyrHMH opraHH3aUHRMH TaKJKe COJleHcTBYIOT nOBbllUeHHIO KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa H cTpaH-KnHeHToB EaHK npHHSIn YliaCTHe BO BceMHpHoM COBelllaHHH no BonpocaM neTCTBa npoBonHMoM K)HHCEltIgt B 1990 B HblO-HopKe B Me)KnYHapOnHOH napTHepcKoH BCTpelie no oxpaHe MaTepHHcTBa B BallIHHITOHe oKpyr KonYMfiHSI B 1991 B Me)KnYHaponHoH KOHlaquoPepeHuHH no BonpocaM HapOnoHaCeneHHSI H pa3BHTHSI B KaHpe B 1994 BO BceMHpHoH KOHlPepeHUHH no BonpocaM )KeHlllHH B ileKHHe B 1995 H B Me)KnYHaponHoH KOHlPepeHUHH no BonpocaM paHHero MaTepHHCTBa B ATnaHTe B 1996 TaK)Ke B 1997 r EaHK opraHH30Ban H npOBen Me)KnYHaponHYIO KOHlPepeHUHIO no IPHHaHcHpoBaHHIO 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI B BaIUHHITOHe oKpyr KonYMfiHSI
16
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pecypCHoro 06ecnelleHHj TaKOH nonxon He
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BK11an B HHCTHTYUHOHa11hHOe pa3BHTHe Ehl11H
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Heynall OCTa11hHhIX npoeKToB OKa3a110Ch
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opraHH3aUHoHHoro aHa11H3a npone11aHHoro B xone
nonrOTOBKH npoeKTa a HMeHHO HeBHHMaHHe K
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pa3Mepa TeKYlllHx pacxonoB H HenOCTaTOllHoro
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CHCTeMY rocynapCTBeHHOH C11Y)l(6hl PhlHOK
pa60lleH CH11hl nOTaUHH Ha nHTaHHe H n011HTHKY
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liTO HeCMOTpj Ha TO liTO aHa11H3 ponH
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21
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B oonaCTH 3nH nonYlfHnH Y1l0BneTBopHTenbHYIO
oueHKY no cpaBHeHHIO C 81 npoeKToB B oTpacnH
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naHKY flHlllb HeKoTopbIe npoeKTbI npellocTaBHnH
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HaceneHHR pO)KllaeMOCTH H nHTaHHR middot nOCKonbKY
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H3MeHeHHR C B0311eHCTBHeM KOHKpeTHbIX
npoeKTHbIX MeponpHRTHH OTCne)KHBaIlHCb
nOKa3aTenH pecypcbIlnpoueccbIlpe3ynb-TaTbl a He
nocnellCTBHR OT npOBelleHHbIX MeponpHRTHH
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nHlllb He60nblllaR 1l0nR TaKHX npoeKToB ObU1a
3aBepllleHa rOIlOBOH 0630p pe3ynbTaToB pa60Tbi B
1996 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY nOKa3aIl ITO HenaBHO
HalfaTble npoeKTbl B 06naCTH 3nH HaXOllHnHCb Ha
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1l0CTH)KeHH5I 3allalf pa3BHTH5I H nporpecca B
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CTapeHHR KpellHTHoro nOpTqen5I H Hecnoc06HoCTb
HMeIOllleHC5I CHCTeMbl 0630poB npellOTBpaTHTh
TaKHe npo6neMbI nonee Toro B 1994-1996
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23
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24
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25
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26
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27
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28
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KOTophle HMeIOT 60nee BhlCOKHH ypOBeHh pHcKa
DOAKpenJIeHHe KpeAHToBaHHB
aHaJIHTHQeCKOH paooToH H HCCJ1eAOBaHHBMH
nO Mepe TOro KaK naHK npOLlOn)KaeT
nepeHocHTh ynop B CBoeH LleBTenhHOCTH
IgtH3HIeCKHX aKTHBOB H pe3ynhTaToB Ha npouecc
He06xoLlHMO 3KcnepHMeHTHpoBaTh H
OCMhlcnHBaTh nonYleHHhlH onhlT llnB 3Toro
He06xoLlHMO TluaTenhHO pa3pa6aThiBaTh
3KcnepHMeHTanhHhie npoeKThl KOHTponHpoBaTh
HX peanH3aUHIO H aHanH3HpoBaTh pe3ynhTaThl a
TaK)Ke LlenaTh 60nhlllHH ynop Ha pa3pa60TKY H
KOHTpOnh 3a BhmonHeHHeM HccneLlOBaTenhCKHX
KOMnOHeHTOB HHBeCTHUHOHHhlX npoeKToB
CneLlyeT 06paTHTh 60nhlUe BHHMaHHB Ha
(a) Bonpochl pearHpOBaHHjI OTLlenhHhlX nHU H
ceMeH Ha ueHoBYIO nonHTHKY KaleCTBO LlocTyn
MeLlHUHHCKoro 06cnY)KHBaHHjI H oxpaHhl
3LlOPOBhjl HaCeneHHjI KOHKpeTHhle MepOnpHjlTHjI
COleTaHHe rocYLlapCTBaiaCTHoro ceKTopa H
pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
noompeHHe nHU H ceMeH 6paTh BCIO nonHoTY
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH Ha ce6j1 3a CBoe 3LlopOBhe H
YlaCTBOBaTh B npouecce npHHSITHjI pellleHHH (B)
H3YQeHHe lgtaKTopoB BnHjlIOIl(HX Ha pe3ynhTaThi
pa60Thi CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI BKnIOIajl
nonHTHIeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO pelgtopM ynpaBneHHe H
opraHH3aUHOHHhie acneKThl (r) H3YleHHe
npouecca 06eCneleHHjI YCTOHIHBoro ypOBHjI
IgtHHaHCHpoBaHHjI 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H cOBMellleHHjI
PHCKOB H Toro KaK Hcnonh30BaTh pe3ynhTaThl
nonYleHHhle B XOLle 0630pOB 3aTpaT Ha
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHe (HaceneHHjI H H3
rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
npeLlnpHsITHH) Llnjl onpeLleneHHjI OTpacneBhlX
npHopHTeTOB (pellleHHH 0 pacnpeLleneHHH
pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
OCMhicneHHe onhlTa pelgtOpMHpOBaHHjI CHCTeM
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHeM H
29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
BO-BTOPblX HeofixonHMO TpaTHTb 60nbllle
BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
ypOKOB B xone nnaHHpOBaHHSI H peanH3aUHH
npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
3neMeHTbl KOTopble ofieCnelJHBalOT
KalJeCTBeHHOCTb npoeKTa nYTeM npHMeHeHHSI
HMeIOIUHXCSI HHCTpYMeHTOB OTpacneBoro
3KOHOMHlJeCKOrO opraHH3aUHOHHoro aHanH3a H
oueHKH nOTeHUHanbHoro pHCKa Eonbllle BpeMeHH
HeofixonHMO ynenSITb anpofiaUHH HOBblX
nonxonoB BKnlOlJaSl IllHpOKOMaCllITafiHble
OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
npHeMneMoro cpOKa Y CHnHSI fiynyT
npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
npHBepJKeHHOCTH K BblfipaHHOH nonHTHKe npH
CMeHe npaBHTenbCTB HHCTHTYUHOHanbHoe
npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
B-TpeTbHX fiyneT onpofiOBaH fionee
rHfiKHH H IllHpOKHH Ha60p HHCTpYMeHTOB
KpenHTOBaHHSI JrO npenYCMaTpHBaeT fionbillee
Hcnonb30BaHHe IllHpoKHX OTpacneBblX nonXonOB H
3aHMOB MSI nOnnepJKKH CHCTeMHblX pecpopM
HOBblX MHKPO MHHH H ananTHpOBaHHblX
HHBeCTHUHOHHblX 3aHMOB no Mepe HX HanHlJHSI
Hcnonb30BaHHe fionee MenKHX H HHHOBaUHOHHblX
3aHMOB nOMOJKeT H3fieJKaTb CnOJKHblX
nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
nOKYMeHTaUHH
YlJHTblBaSl BaJKHOCTb KalJeCTBeHHOrO
npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
fiynyT npOBOnHTbCSI onpOCbl HaCeneHHSI nnSl
BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
EaHKa Ha pa3BHTHe
KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
B 3TOH ccpepe COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHe pafiOTbl CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H HX cpHHaHCHpOBaHHSI EaHKY
HeofixonHMO npHHSITb Mepbl no YKpenneHHIO
cofiCTBeHHoro nOTeHUHana H nOTeHUHana
3aeMIUHKOB no npoBeneHHIO MOHHTopHHra H
aHanH3a nporpecca B nOCTHJKeHHH nOCTaBneHHblX
3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
HHcpopMaUHSI ofi OCHOBHblX npofineMax B ccpepe
3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
ypoBHeM noxona H perHoHaM B KOTOPblX
3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
3KOHOMHlJeCKHX H npOlJHX COUHanbHblX
neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
CHCTeM 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H npOlJHX naHHblX
YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
nepelJeHb nOKa3aTeneH MSI oueHKH
pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
Hcnonb30BaHHSI Ha rrpaKTHKe (npH3HaHHe
B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
peCTpYKTYpH3aUHlO HMeIOIUerOCSI KpellHTHOrO
nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
EaHKOM KOHTpOJl~ H oueHKH HX peaJlH3aUHH H
(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
EyneT YKpenJleHO cOTpynHH-IecTBo EaHKa
C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
6yneT npOnOJlJKaTb OKa3bIBaTb nOnnepJKKY
HenaBHO C03naHHOMY MeJKnYHaponHOMY IgtOPYMY
no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
CneUHaJlbHblX rpaHTOB ltlgtOPYM cnoc06cTByeT
cocpenOTO-leHHIO HCCJlenOBaTeJlbCKHX pecypcoB Ha
npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
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peqopMHpOBaHa B CnellYIOIUHx HanpaBneHH5IX
bull 06eCneleHUe paBHOiO oocmyna K p5lllY neqe6HOshy
npoqHnaKTHqeCKHX ycnyr nYTeM (1) CHH)I(eHH5I reorpaqHqeCKHX qHHaHCOBbIX
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bull IIOBblmeHUe 3rJrJeKmuBHocmu ucnolb30BaHU5I
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npHH5ITH5I pellleHHH ynpaBneHH5I nOOIUpeHH5I
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9
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10
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11
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12
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bull PerynHpoBaHHe lfaCTHOrO ceKTopa OTKa3 OT Hcnonb30BaHHSI KOMneHCHpYlOlliero CTpaXOBaHHSI H nooIUpeHHe nonYllieBoH onnaTbI a He 3a ycnyry
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13
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14
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Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
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15
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Me)KnYHaponHble KOHlPepeHUHH H HaYllHble ceMHHapbl opraHH3yeMbie EaHKoM H JlPyrHMH opraHH3aUHRMH TaKJKe COJleHcTBYIOT nOBbllUeHHIO KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa H cTpaH-KnHeHToB EaHK npHHSIn YliaCTHe BO BceMHpHoM COBelllaHHH no BonpocaM neTCTBa npoBonHMoM K)HHCEltIgt B 1990 B HblO-HopKe B Me)KnYHapOnHOH napTHepcKoH BCTpelie no oxpaHe MaTepHHcTBa B BallIHHITOHe oKpyr KonYMfiHSI B 1991 B Me)KnYHaponHoH KOHlaquoPepeHuHH no BonpocaM HapOnoHaCeneHHSI H pa3BHTHSI B KaHpe B 1994 BO BceMHpHoH KOHlPepeHUHH no BonpocaM )KeHlllHH B ileKHHe B 1995 H B Me)KnYHaponHoH KOHlPepeHUHH no BonpocaM paHHero MaTepHHCTBa B ATnaHTe B 1996 TaK)Ke B 1997 r EaHK opraHH30Ban H npOBen Me)KnYHaponHYIO KOHlPepeHUHIO no IPHHaHcHpoBaHHIO 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI B BaIUHHITOHe oKpyr KonYMfiHSI
16
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nOKa3aIlH HellaBHHe 0030PbI 00[( OTlfeTOB 0
peaIlH3aUHH 68 npoeKTOB TOflbKO 59 npoeKToB
B oonaCTH 3nH nonYlfHnH Y1l0BneTBopHTenbHYIO
oueHKY no cpaBHeHHIO C 81 npoeKToB B oTpacnH
oopa30BaHHR H 58 npoeKToB B uenOM no BceMY
naHKY flHlllb HeKoTopbIe npoeKTbI npellocTaBHnH
OOneKTHBHYIO 1l0KYMeHTaUHIO 0 B0311dicTBHH
MeponpHRTHH npoeKTa Ha nOKa3aTenH 3110POBbR
HaceneHHR pO)KllaeMOCTH H nHTaHHR middot nOCKonbKY
BeCbMa TPYllHO COOTHeCTH npoHcxoMIUHe
H3MeHeHHR C B0311eHCTBHeM KOHKpeTHbIX
npoeKTHbIX MeponpHRTHH OTCne)KHBaIlHCb
nOKa3aTenH pecypcbIlnpoueccbIlpe3ynb-TaTbl a He
nocnellCTBHR OT npOBelleHHbIX MeponpHRTHH
TaKHe BblBOllbI 3aCTaBHnH naHK
COCpellOTOlfHTb 1l0nonHHTenbHoe BHHMaHHe Ha
CHCTeMHbIX peqopMax BKnIOlfaR
lllHpoKOMaClllTaOHbie npeoopa30BaHHR B 06naCTH
311paBooxpaHeHHwqHHaHCHpOBaHHR a TaK)Ke Ha
BbInOnHeHHH 60nee ueneHanpaBneHHblX lleHCTBHH
CeHlfac ewe paHO oueHHBaTh ycnex nOCKOflhKY
nHlllb He60nblllaR 1l0nR TaKHX npoeKToB ObU1a
3aBepllleHa rOIlOBOH 0630p pe3ynbTaToB pa60Tbi B
1996 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY nOKa3aIl ITO HenaBHO
HalfaTble npoeKTbl B 06naCTH 3nH HaXOllHnHCb Ha
80-OM cpellHeM ypOBHe naHKa no nOKa3aTen5IM
1l0CTH)KeHH5I 3allalf pa3BHTH5I H nporpecca B
peaIlH3aUHH
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npoeKTOB C HaIlHlfHeM qaKTopoB pHCKa
TeHlleHUH5I CHH)KeHH5I peHTHHrOB no Mepe
CTapeHHR KpellHTHoro nOpTqen5I H Hecnoc06HoCTb
HMeIOllleHC5I CHCTeMbl 0630poB npellOTBpaTHTh
TaKHe npo6neMbI nonee Toro B 1994-1996
qHHaHcoBbIX rOllax Ha6nIOilaIlOCb 3HalfHTenbHoe
cOKpallleHHe pecypcoB BbIllenReMblX Ha
KOHTponhHbIe MepOnpH5ITHR nnarOllap5I
HellaBHeMY POCTY BHHMaHHR K nOBblllleHHIO
KalfeCTBa TaKaR TeHlleHllH5I 6blna YCTPaHeHa B
1997 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY (CMnpHnO)KeHHe E llflR
60nee lleTaIlbHOrO aHaIlH3a)
22
nOMHMO oueHKH KOHKpeTHbIX
HHBeCTHUHOHHbIX npoeKToB none3HO BcnOMHHTb
ITO K KOHUY 1996 qHHaHcoBoro rOlla oonee lfeM B
100 npoeKTax naHKa HMenHCb KOMnOHeHTbI
CBR3aHHbIe C oTpacnbIO 3nH B 3THX npoeKTax
obIna npellnpHH5ITa nonbITKa pelllHTb CnO)KHbIe
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BKnIOlfaR ueneHanpaBJJeHHOCTb Ha OellHeHlllHe
cnOH HaceneHHR peqopMY CHCTeMbI
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nonYlfeHHbIe B XOlle npoBelleHHR 0630pOB
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H36e)KaHHH nOBTopeHHR CTapbIX 01llH60K TaK)Ke
H3MeHeHH5I B KalfeCTBeHHOM COCTaBe nepCOHaIla
naHKa H COOTHOllleHHH nepCOHaIla K ypOBHIO
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acneKTbI KOTopbIe He MorYT OblTb BKnIOlfeHbl B
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oueHKY c HaIlHlfHeM CTeneHH pHcKa B HalfaIle
1997 rOlla no cpaBHeHHIO C 30 B cepellHHe 1996
rOlla ITO YKa3bIBaeT Ha HeOOXOllHMOCTb B
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npoeKTOB BBHJly HaJIHlJHjJ np06neM CBjJ3aHHhIX C
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np06neM C OpraHH3aUHOHHhIM nOTeHUHanOM
BBHJly CnmlltHOH CTpyKTyphI npOeKTa H np06neM B
npOBeJleHHH 3aKynoK HCnOnh30BaHHH 3aeMHhIX
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npOueJlypax OJlHaKO 60nhlllHHCTBO Tpe6yeT
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6hICTporo pOCTa JlejJTenhHOCTH EaHKa B clgtepe
3nH H OCMhIcneHHjJ HaKonneHHoro onhITa B
6e)KeHueB MenneHHOH H HepOBHOH peaJIH3aUHeH
npoeKTOB B CTpaHax C lgteJlepaTHBHOH CTpyKTypOH
1980-x rr Ha Ka)KJlhIH nOTpalJeHHhIH Jlonnap
(aJlMHHHCTpaTHBHhIH 6IOJl)KeT EaHKa nnIOC
TpaCTOBhle lgtOHJlhI KOHcynhTaHTOB) Ha npoeKThI B
clgtepe 3nH 6hlno BhIJleneHO B KalJeCTBe KpeJlHTOB
35 JlonnClllA no cpaBHeHHIO C 60nee lJeM 60
JlonnClllA B 1996 lgtHHaHcoBoM rOJlY H 30 Jlonn ClllA B cpeJlHeM no EaHKY TpacToBhle lgtOHJlhI -shy
oco6eHHo jJnOHCKHe - Jl06aBHnH 60nee OJlHOH
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3nH TaKajJ TeHJleHUHjJ He MO)KeT HOCHTh
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KOHCOnHJlaUHH KpeJlHTHOrO nopTlgtenjJ
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B0306HOBneHHjJ npHBep)KeHHOCTH pelgt0pMaM B
OTpacnH 3nH B rnaBe 3 H3naraIOTCjJ cTpaTerHH
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23
DpeAllaraeMhle nyTH AOCTH)KeHHB pe3YJIhTaTHBHOCTH npOeKTOB B OTpaCJIH 3DH
06eCneleHHe KaleCTBa B xone nOnrOTOBKH npoeKTa
bull PaCWHpeHHe YIaCTHB CTPaHhlmiddot38eM~HKa B nOnrOTOBKe npoeKTa bullbull JIJUI paClllHpeHHR BnaJleHHR
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bull 3KOHOMHIeCKHH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR Bhl60pa OnTHMaJIhHOrO BapHaHTa C YlfeTOM H3Jlep)KeK H B03JleHCTBHR
bull OpraHH38DHOHHhlH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR 06eCnelfeHHR peaJIHCTHIfHOH oueHKH HHCTHTYUUOHaJIhHOrO
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bull Hcnonb30BaHHe 60nee WHpOKoro Ha60pa KpenHTHhlX HHCTpYMeHTOB
bull YIeT AeueUTpaJIB30BaUHoro xapaKTepa COUHaJIhHhlX CeKTOpOB
bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
bull BHeceHHe H3MeHeHHH B npaBHJIa npOBeAeHHSI 3aKynoK B COUHaJIbHOH c4lepe H 60nbllIruI fH6KOCTb B HX
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24
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
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25
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26
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27
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28
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29
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nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
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pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
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npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
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OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
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npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
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npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
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nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
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npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
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BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
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KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
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3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
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3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
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pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
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neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
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YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
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pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
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KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
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MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
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nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
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(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
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C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
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no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
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cocpenOTO-leHHIO HCCJlenOBaTeJlbCKHX pecypcoB Ha
npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
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cpenCTB rpaHTOB npHopHTeTHblX MeJKnYHaponHbIX
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06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
COTPYnHH-IaTb C lgtapMaueBTH-IeCKOH BaKUHHHOH H
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CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
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11
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12
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bull Cnep)KHBaHHe poCTa pacxonOB B
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bull PerynHpoBaHHe lfaCTHOrO ceKTopa OTKa3 OT Hcnonb30BaHHSI KOMneHCHpYlOlliero CTpaXOBaHHSI H nooIUpeHHe nonYllieBoH onnaTbI a He 3a ycnyry
bull YKpenneHHSI KOHTponSl H CHCTeMbI OTCne)KHBaHHSI 3aTpalfeHHbiX rocynapcTBeHHbIX cpenCTB (Hcnonb3YSl ClfeTa 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI)
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13
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3aHHTepeCOBaHHhiX rpynn - KnHeHTOB EaHKa (KaK npaBHno MHHHCTPOB 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ H IgtHHaHCOB) MeCTHOrG HaceneHH~
npOH3BonHTeneH ycnyr H CTpaXOBhlX KOMnaHHH nOTpe6HTeneH (naUHeHTOB 6enHhiX cnoeB HaceneHH~ )KeHIUHH neTeH H npyrHx y~3BHMhIX rpynn) H npOlfHX napTHepoB B nene pa3BHTH~
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pecypchl 31gtIgteKTHBHhiM 06pa30M He6onhll1He H3MeHeHH~ B nOKa3aTen~x MoryT 3aHRTh OT 10 no 15 neT - CPOK npeBhlll1alOIUHH nOnHOMOlJH~ MHorHX npaBHTenhcTB H HX npHBep)KeHHOCTh pelgt0pMaM
H nocnenHee Korna IgtHHaHcoB~ nOMOIUh OTpacnH 3nH nocTynaeT B BHne KpenHToB H 3aHMoB TaKa~ cTpaTerH~ nOn)KHa 6hlTh TIUaTenhHO c6anaHcHpoBaHa C oTnalfeH KOTopa~ MO)KeT 6hlTh nonYlfeHa OT TaKHX HHBecTHUHH B cpenHecpolfHoH nepcneKTHBe H H3nep)KKaMH HepeanH30BaHHhix B03MO)KHOCTeH KOTophle MornH 6hl OTKPhIThC~ npH HHBecTHpoBaHHH B Te o6naCTH 3KOHOMHKH KOTophle BnH~IOT Ha clgtepy 3nH
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EaHK pa60TaeT B cOTpynHHlfecTBe CO MHorHMH Me)KnYHapOnHhIMH opraHH3aUH~MH
(ltDAO MOT CnH)l OOH npOOH ltD)lHOOH B03) perHoHanhHhlMH 6aHKaMH (AEP AIgtEP EEPP H MEP) EC nBycTopOHHHMH opraHH3aUH~MH H HfO H lJaCTHhlM ceKTopoM 3a nocnenHee BpeM~ cOTpynHHlJeCTBO H napTHepcTBo co MHorHMH opraHH3aUH~MH y nYlJll1HnOCh onHaKO eIUe MHoroe npencToHT cnenaTh Ha 3TOM nyTH
CHnhHhlMH cTopoHaMH EaHKa ~Bn~IOTC~ aKKYMynHpoBaHHe B ce6e onhlTa H 3HaHH~
MHpOBoro coo6IUecTBa nonxon K npo6neMaM Ka)KnOH OTnenhHoH cTpaHhl MaKpo3KOHOMHlJeCKOH H MHorooTpacneBoH TOlJeK
14
C
3peHHR a TaK)Ke cnoc06HOCTh M06HnH30BaTh KpynHhle cpHHaHCOBhle pecypchI (nH60 HenocpenCTBeHHO nH60 nYTeM napTHepCTB) B Bonpocax npenOCTaBneHHR TeXHH4eCKOH nOMOWH B KOHKpeTHhIX 06naCTRX OTpacnH 3I1H KaK TO 60ph6a C 3a60neBaHHRMH naHK nonaraeTCR Ha coneHCTBHe cneUHanH3HpOBaHHhIX Y4pe)KneHHH OOH H npyrHx Me)KnYHaponHhIX napTHepOB
YqaCTlle liaHKa B ccJepe 3TIH
Ponh naHKa B ccpepe 3flH B Te4eHHe npOll1nhIX 25 neT CTana onHHM H3 npHMepOB paCll1HpeHHR Y4aCTHR H HaKonneHHR onhITa B nByx Ba)KHhIX acneKTax
bull Bo-nepBhIX naHK BHec CBOH BKnan B HaKonneHHe H pacnpOCTpaHeHHe MHpOBoro onhITa no BonpocaM 3TIH nYTeM npOBeneHHR MHPOBhIX H perHOHanhHhIX H3Y4eHHH HccnenOBaHHH H aHanH3a H 06MeHa onhITOM C npyrHMH Me)KnYHaponHhIMH opraHH3aUHRMH
bull BO-BTOPhIX BoopY)KeHHhIH 3HaHHRMH HaKonneHHhIMH B xone CBoeH neRTenhHOCTH naHK Hrpan ponh KaTanH3aTopa B ocywecTBneHHH He06xonHMhIX npe06pa30BaHHH nYTeM nepena4H CTpaHaM KpenHTOB H np04HX MeponpHRTHH HeKpellHTHoro xapaKTepa (H3naraeMhIX nanee)
IIonyqeHHe H paCilpOCTpaHeHHe r no6anhHhIX 3HaHHH
TIepeKpeCTHhle HccnenOBaHHR
MHorHe npenhIJlYWHe HccnenOBaHHR naHKa B OTpacnH 3TIH 6hlnH cocpenOT04eHhI Ha ponH rocynapCTBa H Herocy napCTBeHHoro ceKTopa B 06ecne4eHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH ManoHMywero HaceneHHR B ycnyrax ccpephI 3TIH B pa60Te CHCTeMhI 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H 06ecne4eHHH YCTOH4HBoro cpHHaHCHpOBaHHR
Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
npOipaMMbl (1970 i) U iJoKYMeHInbl no nolumuKe
COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
npOipaMMa (1973 i) no MepaM B 06naCTH
06ecne4eHHR nponoBonhcTBHeM H (B) [JOlumuKa B
o6lacmu 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU5I (1975)
jJOKYMeHm no nOlumuKe B o6lacmu
3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 (1980 i) RBnRnCR nepBoH nonhITKOH 060CHOBaTh HHBeCTHUHH naHKa B oTpacnh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H CBR3h Me)Kny 3npaBooxpaHeHHeM HCKopeHeHHeM 6enHocTH H nnaHHpoBaHHeM ceMhH Omtem 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu coualbHblX pecypCOB (1980 r) nponeMoHcTpHpoBan Ba)KHOCTh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR HapRny C 06pa30BaHHeM H cOUHanhHoH 3aWHToH nnR cTpaTerHH HCKopeHeHHR 6enHocTH
jJOKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM pa3Bumuu 1984 i
HapoiJoHaCeleHUe u pa3Bumue non4epKHYn ponh rocynapcTBa B CHH)KeHHH ypoBHeH cMepTHocTH H pO)KnaeMocTH I1ccnenoBaHHe npoBeneHHoe B 1987 r (fJuHaHcupoBaHue yClyi 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 B
pa3BUBalOlqUXC5I cmpaHax [JpOipaMMa perJ0pM
KacanOCh He3cpcpeKTHBHoCTH H HecnpaBennHBoro xapaKTepa pacxonoBaHHR rocynapcTBeHHhlx cpencTB Ha 3npaBooxpaHeHHe a TaK)Ke BonpocoB cpHHaHcHpoBaHHR TeKYWHX 3aTpaT
TeMa ponH rocynapcTBa 6hlna BHOBh 3aTpoHYTa B npyroM nOKYMeHTe naHKa no np06neMaM B 06naCTH 3TIH jJoKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu B 1993 i HHBecmuuu B
3iJpaBooxpaHeHue 3TOT nOKnaJ] Y)Ke OKa3an
3Ha4HTenhHoe BnHRHHe Ha BHyTpeHHHe H Me)KnYHaponHhle ne6aThI no BonpocaM nonHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR cTpaH C HH3KHMH H cpenHHMH noxonaMH H npHopHTeToB pa60ThI naHKa jJoKlaiJ
no pa3BumulO u 3alqUlne oKpYJKalOlqeu cpeiJbl (1992 r) llOKflall Om lleHmpalbHOiO flIaHUpOBaHU5I K
PblHKY (1996 r) H nOKJ1an POlb iOcyiJapcmea (1997 r) TaK)Ke 3aTparHBanH BonpochI ccpephI 3TIH
TIOMHMO 3THX KpynHhlx nOKYMeHToB H OT4eTOB naHK TaK)Ke ony6nHKoBan MHO)KeCTBO KHHr ClaTeH H pa604Hx nOKYMeHTOB no BonpocaM 3TIH - K KOHUY 1996 cpHHaHcoBoro rona 6hlno ony6nHKoBaHo 163 TaKHX pa60ThI TaK)Ke 6hln onp060BaH MeTon nonrOTOBKH He60nhll1HX HccnenoBaHHH 60nee Y3KOH cneUHanH3aUHH H MeHee noporocToRWHX a TaK)Ke npHBne4eHHe npyrHx OpraHH3aUHH K npoBeneHHIO HccnenoBaHHH no onpeneneHHoH TeMaTHKe (HanpHMep H CCleiJoBaHue M(fJK np06leM uHBecmupoBaHU51 B
15
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16
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bull OpraHH38DHOHHhlH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR 06eCnelfeHHR peaJIHCTHIfHOH oueHKH HHCTHTYUUOHaJIhHOrO
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bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
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24
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
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25
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26
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27
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28
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29
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1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
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30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
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32
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11
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12
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13
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Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
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15
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16
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19
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20
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21
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KalfeCTBa TaKaR TeHlleHllH5I 6blna YCTPaHeHa B
1997 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY (CMnpHnO)KeHHe E llflR
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22
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23
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24
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25
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26
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27
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28
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29
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30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
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31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
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32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
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33
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9
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11
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12
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13
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14
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Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
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15
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16
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HenOCTaTOllHoe KalleCTBO 3KOHOMHlIeCKoro H
opraHH3aUHoHHoro aHa11H3a npone11aHHoro B xone
nonrOTOBKH npoeKTa a HMeHHO HeBHHMaHHe K
MaKp03KoHoMHlIecKHM qaKTopaM HenooueHKa
pa3Mepa TeKYlllHx pacxonoB H HenOCTaTOllHoro
ypOBHj qHHaHcHpoBaHHj 3aTpaT Ha
3Kcn11yaTaUHIO CTP0jllIHXCj Yllpe)l(neHHH
lIepeclIYP onTHMHCTHlIHhle nporH03hl
3KOHOMHlIeCKHX Bhlron HeynOB11eTBopHTe11hHoe
pellleHHe Me)l(OTpaC11eBhIX BonpOCOB BK11lOlIaj
CHCTeMY rocynapCTBeHHOH C11Y)l(6hl PhlHOK
pa60lleH CH11hl nOTaUHH Ha nHTaHHe H n011HTHKY
B 0611aCTH Ha11oro06110)l(eHHj Ta6allHbiX H3ne11HH
a11KOro11hHhiX HanHTKOB H nponOB011hCTBeHHhIX
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BO MHorHX
OTCYTCTBOBa11a CBj3h Me)l(ny OTpaC11eBhIMH
peKOMeHnaUHjMH EaHKa H COnep)l(aHHeM
npoeKTOB B cqepe 3nH He06xonHMO OTMeTHTh
liTO HeCMOTpj Ha TO liTO aHa11H3 ponH
HerocynapcTBeHHoro ceKTopa npOBonHTCj Teneph
B ropa3no 6011hllleM K011HlIeCTBe npoeKTOB HH B
onHOM H3 68 3aBeprneHHhiX npoeKToB B 0611aCTH
3nH He npenYCMaTpHBa110Ch qHHaHCHpOBaHHe
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TOro Bonpochl 3qqeKTHBHoCTH CHCTeMhl
3npaBooxpaHeHHj pellla11Hch B OCHOBHOM
nOMOlllhlO BOB11elleHHj rocynapcTBeHHoro ceKTopa
3KOHOMHKH H Ma110 BHHMaHHj y ne11j110Ch
3qqeKTY 3aMellleHHj liTO npHBOnH110 K
BhlTeCHeHHIO lIaCTHhlX npOH3BonHTe11eH
MenHUHHCKHX yC11yr BonpOChl ynpaB11eHHj
21
C
lfaCTHbIM CeKTOpOM H KOHTpOnR KalfeCTBa pellKO
nOnYlfaIlH HeOOXOllHMOe BHHMaHHe H nHlllb
HeKOTOpbIe npoeKTbl ObinH COCpellOTOlfeHbI Ha
BOnpocaX MOOHnH3aUHH peCypCOB
H nOCnellHee Ha ITO XOTenOCb ObI
OOpaTHTb BHHMaHHe 3TO TOT qaKT ITO KaK
nOKa3aIlH HellaBHHe 0030PbI 00[( OTlfeTOB 0
peaIlH3aUHH 68 npoeKTOB TOflbKO 59 npoeKToB
B oonaCTH 3nH nonYlfHnH Y1l0BneTBopHTenbHYIO
oueHKY no cpaBHeHHIO C 81 npoeKToB B oTpacnH
oopa30BaHHR H 58 npoeKToB B uenOM no BceMY
naHKY flHlllb HeKoTopbIe npoeKTbI npellocTaBHnH
OOneKTHBHYIO 1l0KYMeHTaUHIO 0 B0311dicTBHH
MeponpHRTHH npoeKTa Ha nOKa3aTenH 3110POBbR
HaceneHHR pO)KllaeMOCTH H nHTaHHR middot nOCKonbKY
BeCbMa TPYllHO COOTHeCTH npoHcxoMIUHe
H3MeHeHHR C B0311eHCTBHeM KOHKpeTHbIX
npoeKTHbIX MeponpHRTHH OTCne)KHBaIlHCb
nOKa3aTenH pecypcbIlnpoueccbIlpe3ynb-TaTbl a He
nocnellCTBHR OT npOBelleHHbIX MeponpHRTHH
TaKHe BblBOllbI 3aCTaBHnH naHK
COCpellOTOlfHTb 1l0nonHHTenbHoe BHHMaHHe Ha
CHCTeMHbIX peqopMax BKnIOlfaR
lllHpoKOMaClllTaOHbie npeoopa30BaHHR B 06naCTH
311paBooxpaHeHHwqHHaHCHpOBaHHR a TaK)Ke Ha
BbInOnHeHHH 60nee ueneHanpaBneHHblX lleHCTBHH
CeHlfac ewe paHO oueHHBaTh ycnex nOCKOflhKY
nHlllb He60nblllaR 1l0nR TaKHX npoeKToB ObU1a
3aBepllleHa rOIlOBOH 0630p pe3ynbTaToB pa60Tbi B
1996 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY nOKa3aIl ITO HenaBHO
HalfaTble npoeKTbl B 06naCTH 3nH HaXOllHnHCb Ha
80-OM cpellHeM ypOBHe naHKa no nOKa3aTen5IM
1l0CTH)KeHH5I 3allalf pa3BHTH5I H nporpecca B
peaIlH3aUHH
OnpelleneHHYIO TpeBory Bbl3bIBaIOT KonHlfeCTBO
npoeKTOB C HaIlHlfHeM qaKTopoB pHCKa
TeHlleHUH5I CHH)KeHH5I peHTHHrOB no Mepe
CTapeHHR KpellHTHoro nOpTqen5I H Hecnoc06HoCTb
HMeIOllleHC5I CHCTeMbl 0630poB npellOTBpaTHTh
TaKHe npo6neMbI nonee Toro B 1994-1996
qHHaHcoBbIX rOllax Ha6nIOilaIlOCb 3HalfHTenbHoe
cOKpallleHHe pecypcoB BbIllenReMblX Ha
KOHTponhHbIe MepOnpH5ITHR nnarOllap5I
HellaBHeMY POCTY BHHMaHHR K nOBblllleHHIO
KalfeCTBa TaKaR TeHlleHllH5I 6blna YCTPaHeHa B
1997 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY (CMnpHnO)KeHHe E llflR
60nee lleTaIlbHOrO aHaIlH3a)
22
nOMHMO oueHKH KOHKpeTHbIX
HHBeCTHUHOHHbIX npoeKToB none3HO BcnOMHHTb
ITO K KOHUY 1996 qHHaHcoBoro rOlla oonee lfeM B
100 npoeKTax naHKa HMenHCb KOMnOHeHTbI
CBR3aHHbIe C oTpacnbIO 3nH B 3THX npoeKTax
obIna npellnpHH5ITa nonbITKa pelllHTb CnO)KHbIe
Me)KOTpaCneBbIe H CHCTeMHbIe npooneMbI
BKnIOlfaR ueneHanpaBJJeHHOCTb Ha OellHeHlllHe
cnOH HaceneHHR peqopMY CHCTeMbI
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npolloBonbcTBHR 3aWHTY COUHaIlbHbIX pacxolloB
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nonYlfeHHbIe B XOlle npoBelleHHR 0630pOB
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KalfeCTBa OTllenOM 00[( H llPYrHMH OTllenaMH B npOllInbIe rOllbI npH peCTpYKTypH3aUHH cTapbIx
npoeKToB HnH nnaHHpoBaHHH HOBbIX npoeKTOB He
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H36e)KaHHH nOBTopeHHR CTapbIX 01llH60K TaK)Ke
H3MeHeHH5I B KalfeCTBeHHOM COCTaBe nepCOHaIla
naHKa H COOTHOllleHHH nepCOHaIla K ypOBHIO
KpellHTOBaHHR He COOTBeTCTBOBaIlH TeMnaM
pa3BHTH5I KpellHTHoro nopTqen5I H HOBbIM
npHopHTeTaM
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nopTqenR 6bIna C0311aHa KOHuenUH5I llpoeKlnoB C
HalUIUeM PUCKOB n03BonRIOrua5I H3YlfHTb Te
acneKTbI KOTopbIe He MorYT OblTb BKnIOlfeHbl B
aHaIlH3 peaIlH3aUHH npoeKTa H peHTHHr
1l0CTH)KeHH5I 3analf pa3BHTHR OKono 44 KpellHTHoro nopTqefl5I B 06nacTH 3nH nonYlfHno
oueHKY c HaIlHlfHeM CTeneHH pHcKa B HalfaIle
1997 rOlla no cpaBHeHHIO C 30 B cepellHHe 1996
rOlla ITO YKa3bIBaeT Ha HeOOXOllHMOCTb B
npOBelleHHH nOCT05IHHOrO aHaIlH3a
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npoeKTOB BBHJly HaJIHlJHjJ np06neM CBjJ3aHHhIX C
BOnHeHHjJMH B 06IUeCTBe HnH nepeMeIUeHHeM
H npH npOlJHX JleueHTpaJIH30BaHHhIX ycnOBHjJX
np06neM C OpraHH3aUHOHHhIM nOTeHUHanOM
BBHJly CnmlltHOH CTpyKTyphI npOeKTa H np06neM B
npOBeJleHHH 3aKynoK HCnOnh30BaHHH 3aeMHhIX
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MHorHe H3 nOnYlJeHHhIX ypOKOB nOnYlJHnH
JlOCTaTOlJHOe BHHMaHHe B npeJlhIJlyIUHX aHanH3aX
H B pa60lJeM JlOKYMeHTe no 06eCnelJeHHIO KalJeCTBa
(cMBKnaJlhIlll) HeKOTophle H3 peKOMeHJlaUHH
Tpe6yIOT H3MeHeHHH B HMeIOIUHXCjJ rrpaBHnax H
npOueJlypax OJlHaKO 60nhlllHHCTBO Tpe6yeT
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npOllleJllllHe 10 neT CTaJIH CBHJleTeneM
6hICTporo pOCTa JlejJTenhHOCTH EaHKa B clgtepe
3nH H OCMhIcneHHjJ HaKonneHHoro onhITa B
6e)KeHueB MenneHHOH H HepOBHOH peaJIH3aUHeH
npoeKTOB B CTpaHax C lgteJlepaTHBHOH CTpyKTypOH
1980-x rr Ha Ka)KJlhIH nOTpalJeHHhIH Jlonnap
(aJlMHHHCTpaTHBHhIH 6IOJl)KeT EaHKa nnIOC
TpaCTOBhle lgtOHJlhI KOHcynhTaHTOB) Ha npoeKThI B
clgtepe 3nH 6hlno BhIJleneHO B KalJeCTBe KpeJlHTOB
35 JlonnClllA no cpaBHeHHIO C 60nee lJeM 60
JlonnClllA B 1996 lgtHHaHcoBoM rOJlY H 30 Jlonn ClllA B cpeJlHeM no EaHKY TpacToBhle lgtOHJlhI -shy
oco6eHHo jJnOHCKHe - Jl06aBHnH 60nee OJlHOH
TpeTH cpeJlcTB B aJlMHHHCTpaTHBHhIH 6IOJl)KeT
3nH TaKajJ TeHJleHUHjJ He MO)KeT HOCHTh
HeYCTOHlJHBhIH xapaKTep HacTynHno BpeMjJ JlnjJ
KOHCOnHJlaUHH KpeJlHTHOrO nopTlgtenjJ
HCn0J1h30BaHHjJ HaKonneHHoro onhITa
H36e)KaHHjJ nOBTopeHHjJ CTaphIX OlllH6oK H
B0306HOBneHHjJ npHBep)KeHHOCTH pelgt0pMaM B
OTpacnH 3nH B rnaBe 3 H3naraIOTCjJ cTpaTerHH
JlOCTH)KeHHjJ TaKHX 3aJlalJ
23
DpeAllaraeMhle nyTH AOCTH)KeHHB pe3YJIhTaTHBHOCTH npOeKTOB B OTpaCJIH 3DH
06eCneleHHe KaleCTBa B xone nOnrOTOBKH npoeKTa
bull PaCWHpeHHe YIaCTHB CTPaHhlmiddot38eM~HKa B nOnrOTOBKe npoeKTa bullbull JIJUI paClllHpeHHR BnaJleHHR
npoeKTOM CTPaHOH-KJIHeHTOM nOnYlfaTenRMH CpeJlCTB 3aHHTepecOBaHHblMH CTOpOHaMH
bull OTpaCJIeBOH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR nOnYlfeHHR HHCPOPMauHH no H3yqaeMhiM npo6neMaM H BapHaHTaM HX
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bull 3KOHOMHIeCKHH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR Bhl60pa OnTHMaJIhHOrO BapHaHTa C YlfeTOM H3Jlep)KeK H B03JleHCTBHR
bull OpraHH38DHOHHhlH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR 06eCnelfeHHR peaJIHCTHIfHOH oueHKH HHCTHTYUUOHaJIhHOrO
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bull Hcnonb30BaHHe 60nee WHpOKoro Ha60pa KpenHTHhlX HHCTpYMeHTOB
bull YIeT AeueUTpaJIB30BaUHoro xapaKTepa COUHaJIhHhlX CeKTOpOB
bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
bull BHeceHHe H3MeHeHHH B npaBHJIa npOBeAeHHSI 3aKynoK B COUHaJIbHOH c4lepe H 60nbllIruI fH6KOCTb B HX
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24
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
YTOqHeHHe cTpaTerHqeCKHX npHopHTeToB
CTpaTerHsI baHKa B oTpacmi 3nH 6yLleT
npOLlOn)f(aTh LlHHaMHlHO pa3BHBaThCsI B6Hpasl B
ce6s1 nYlIIIHH Me)f(LlYHapoLlHhIH onhIT CnO)f(HhIH
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CTaHLlapTHhIM peuemaM B CBsI3H C 3THM npH
Bhlpa60TKe peKOMeHLlaUHH H npeLlOCTaBneHHH
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CTpaH B onpeLleneHHH nOLlXOLlOB K TpeM
Ba)f(HeHIIIHM npHopHTeTaM pa3BHTHsI B clJepe
3nH KOTophle 6hInH Y)f(e ynoMsIHYThI B r naBe 1 H
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no YJIyqmeHHIO nOKa3aTeJIeH B OOJIaCTH
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25
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26
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27
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28
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3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHeM H
29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
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pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
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npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
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nonxonoB BKnlOlJaSl IllHpOKOMaCllITafiHble
OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
npHeMneMoro cpOKa Y CHnHSI fiynyT
npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
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npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
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nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
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npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
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BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
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KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
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3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
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3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
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3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
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neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
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YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
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pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
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KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
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MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
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nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
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(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
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C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
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no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
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npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
pacnpOCTpaHeHH~ MHKp060B cnoc06HblX
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noompRTbCJI npOllOJlJKeHHe IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ H3
cpenCTB rpaHTOB npHopHTeTHblX MeJKnYHaponHbIX
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06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
COTPYnHH-IaTb C lgtapMaueBTH-IeCKOH BaKUHHHOH H
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YKpenJleHHIO HCCJlenOBaHHH H nOJlY-leHHIO
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MeJKnYHaponHOH HHHUHaTHBbl no pa3pa60TKe
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CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
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yCHJlH~ no paClllHpeHHIO napTHepCTBa EaHKa C
npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no 60Pb6e C 60Jle3HblO
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nponaraHnHpOBaHHe HHTerpHpOBaHHoro nonxona K
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corJlallleHHeM no opraHH3aUHOHHOMY pa3BHTHlO
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9
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11
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12
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13
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14
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Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
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15
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16
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HenOCTaTOllHoe KalleCTBO 3KOHOMHlIeCKoro H
opraHH3aUHoHHoro aHa11H3a npone11aHHoro B xone
nonrOTOBKH npoeKTa a HMeHHO HeBHHMaHHe K
MaKp03KoHoMHlIecKHM qaKTopaM HenooueHKa
pa3Mepa TeKYlllHx pacxonoB H HenOCTaTOllHoro
ypOBHj qHHaHcHpoBaHHj 3aTpaT Ha
3Kcn11yaTaUHIO CTP0jllIHXCj Yllpe)l(neHHH
lIepeclIYP onTHMHCTHlIHhle nporH03hl
3KOHOMHlIeCKHX Bhlron HeynOB11eTBopHTe11hHoe
pellleHHe Me)l(OTpaC11eBhIX BonpOCOB BK11lOlIaj
CHCTeMY rocynapCTBeHHOH C11Y)l(6hl PhlHOK
pa60lleH CH11hl nOTaUHH Ha nHTaHHe H n011HTHKY
B 0611aCTH Ha11oro06110)l(eHHj Ta6allHbiX H3ne11HH
a11KOro11hHhiX HanHTKOB H nponOB011hCTBeHHhIX
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BO MHorHX
OTCYTCTBOBa11a CBj3h Me)l(ny OTpaC11eBhIMH
peKOMeHnaUHjMH EaHKa H COnep)l(aHHeM
npoeKTOB B cqepe 3nH He06xonHMO OTMeTHTh
liTO HeCMOTpj Ha TO liTO aHa11H3 ponH
HerocynapcTBeHHoro ceKTopa npOBonHTCj Teneph
B ropa3no 6011hllleM K011HlIeCTBe npoeKTOB HH B
onHOM H3 68 3aBeprneHHhiX npoeKToB B 0611aCTH
3nH He npenYCMaTpHBa110Ch qHHaHCHpOBaHHe
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TOro Bonpochl 3qqeKTHBHoCTH CHCTeMhl
3npaBooxpaHeHHj pellla11Hch B OCHOBHOM
nOMOlllhlO BOB11elleHHj rocynapcTBeHHoro ceKTopa
3KOHOMHKH H Ma110 BHHMaHHj y ne11j110Ch
3qqeKTY 3aMellleHHj liTO npHBOnH110 K
BhlTeCHeHHIO lIaCTHhlX npOH3BonHTe11eH
MenHUHHCKHX yC11yr BonpOChl ynpaB11eHHj
21
C
lfaCTHbIM CeKTOpOM H KOHTpOnR KalfeCTBa pellKO
nOnYlfaIlH HeOOXOllHMOe BHHMaHHe H nHlllb
HeKOTOpbIe npoeKTbl ObinH COCpellOTOlfeHbI Ha
BOnpocaX MOOHnH3aUHH peCypCOB
H nOCnellHee Ha ITO XOTenOCb ObI
OOpaTHTb BHHMaHHe 3TO TOT qaKT ITO KaK
nOKa3aIlH HellaBHHe 0030PbI 00[( OTlfeTOB 0
peaIlH3aUHH 68 npoeKTOB TOflbKO 59 npoeKToB
B oonaCTH 3nH nonYlfHnH Y1l0BneTBopHTenbHYIO
oueHKY no cpaBHeHHIO C 81 npoeKToB B oTpacnH
oopa30BaHHR H 58 npoeKToB B uenOM no BceMY
naHKY flHlllb HeKoTopbIe npoeKTbI npellocTaBHnH
OOneKTHBHYIO 1l0KYMeHTaUHIO 0 B0311dicTBHH
MeponpHRTHH npoeKTa Ha nOKa3aTenH 3110POBbR
HaceneHHR pO)KllaeMOCTH H nHTaHHR middot nOCKonbKY
BeCbMa TPYllHO COOTHeCTH npoHcxoMIUHe
H3MeHeHHR C B0311eHCTBHeM KOHKpeTHbIX
npoeKTHbIX MeponpHRTHH OTCne)KHBaIlHCb
nOKa3aTenH pecypcbIlnpoueccbIlpe3ynb-TaTbl a He
nocnellCTBHR OT npOBelleHHbIX MeponpHRTHH
TaKHe BblBOllbI 3aCTaBHnH naHK
COCpellOTOlfHTb 1l0nonHHTenbHoe BHHMaHHe Ha
CHCTeMHbIX peqopMax BKnIOlfaR
lllHpoKOMaClllTaOHbie npeoopa30BaHHR B 06naCTH
311paBooxpaHeHHwqHHaHCHpOBaHHR a TaK)Ke Ha
BbInOnHeHHH 60nee ueneHanpaBneHHblX lleHCTBHH
CeHlfac ewe paHO oueHHBaTh ycnex nOCKOflhKY
nHlllb He60nblllaR 1l0nR TaKHX npoeKToB ObU1a
3aBepllleHa rOIlOBOH 0630p pe3ynbTaToB pa60Tbi B
1996 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY nOKa3aIl ITO HenaBHO
HalfaTble npoeKTbl B 06naCTH 3nH HaXOllHnHCb Ha
80-OM cpellHeM ypOBHe naHKa no nOKa3aTen5IM
1l0CTH)KeHH5I 3allalf pa3BHTH5I H nporpecca B
peaIlH3aUHH
OnpelleneHHYIO TpeBory Bbl3bIBaIOT KonHlfeCTBO
npoeKTOB C HaIlHlfHeM qaKTopoB pHCKa
TeHlleHUH5I CHH)KeHH5I peHTHHrOB no Mepe
CTapeHHR KpellHTHoro nOpTqen5I H Hecnoc06HoCTb
HMeIOllleHC5I CHCTeMbl 0630poB npellOTBpaTHTh
TaKHe npo6neMbI nonee Toro B 1994-1996
qHHaHcoBbIX rOllax Ha6nIOilaIlOCb 3HalfHTenbHoe
cOKpallleHHe pecypcoB BbIllenReMblX Ha
KOHTponhHbIe MepOnpH5ITHR nnarOllap5I
HellaBHeMY POCTY BHHMaHHR K nOBblllleHHIO
KalfeCTBa TaKaR TeHlleHllH5I 6blna YCTPaHeHa B
1997 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY (CMnpHnO)KeHHe E llflR
60nee lleTaIlbHOrO aHaIlH3a)
22
nOMHMO oueHKH KOHKpeTHbIX
HHBeCTHUHOHHbIX npoeKToB none3HO BcnOMHHTb
ITO K KOHUY 1996 qHHaHcoBoro rOlla oonee lfeM B
100 npoeKTax naHKa HMenHCb KOMnOHeHTbI
CBR3aHHbIe C oTpacnbIO 3nH B 3THX npoeKTax
obIna npellnpHH5ITa nonbITKa pelllHTb CnO)KHbIe
Me)KOTpaCneBbIe H CHCTeMHbIe npooneMbI
BKnIOlfaR ueneHanpaBJJeHHOCTb Ha OellHeHlllHe
cnOH HaceneHHR peqopMY CHCTeMbI
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npolloBonbcTBHR 3aWHTY COUHaIlbHbIX pacxolloB
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nonYlfeHHbIe B XOlle npoBelleHHR 0630pOB
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KalfeCTBa OTllenOM 00[( H llPYrHMH OTllenaMH B npOllInbIe rOllbI npH peCTpYKTypH3aUHH cTapbIx
npoeKToB HnH nnaHHpoBaHHH HOBbIX npoeKTOB He
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H36e)KaHHH nOBTopeHHR CTapbIX 01llH60K TaK)Ke
H3MeHeHH5I B KalfeCTBeHHOM COCTaBe nepCOHaIla
naHKa H COOTHOllleHHH nepCOHaIla K ypOBHIO
KpellHTOBaHHR He COOTBeTCTBOBaIlH TeMnaM
pa3BHTH5I KpellHTHoro nopTqen5I H HOBbIM
npHopHTeTaM
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nopTqenR 6bIna C0311aHa KOHuenUH5I llpoeKlnoB C
HalUIUeM PUCKOB n03BonRIOrua5I H3YlfHTb Te
acneKTbI KOTopbIe He MorYT OblTb BKnIOlfeHbl B
aHaIlH3 peaIlH3aUHH npoeKTa H peHTHHr
1l0CTH)KeHH5I 3analf pa3BHTHR OKono 44 KpellHTHoro nopTqefl5I B 06nacTH 3nH nonYlfHno
oueHKY c HaIlHlfHeM CTeneHH pHcKa B HalfaIle
1997 rOlla no cpaBHeHHIO C 30 B cepellHHe 1996
rOlla ITO YKa3bIBaeT Ha HeOOXOllHMOCTb B
npOBelleHHH nOCT05IHHOrO aHaIlH3a
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npoeKTOB BBHJly HaJIHlJHjJ np06neM CBjJ3aHHhIX C
BOnHeHHjJMH B 06IUeCTBe HnH nepeMeIUeHHeM
H npH npOlJHX JleueHTpaJIH30BaHHhIX ycnOBHjJX
np06neM C OpraHH3aUHOHHhIM nOTeHUHanOM
BBHJly CnmlltHOH CTpyKTyphI npOeKTa H np06neM B
npOBeJleHHH 3aKynoK HCnOnh30BaHHH 3aeMHhIX
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MHorHe H3 nOnYlJeHHhIX ypOKOB nOnYlJHnH
JlOCTaTOlJHOe BHHMaHHe B npeJlhIJlyIUHX aHanH3aX
H B pa60lJeM JlOKYMeHTe no 06eCnelJeHHIO KalJeCTBa
(cMBKnaJlhIlll) HeKOTophle H3 peKOMeHJlaUHH
Tpe6yIOT H3MeHeHHH B HMeIOIUHXCjJ rrpaBHnax H
npOueJlypax OJlHaKO 60nhlllHHCTBO Tpe6yeT
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npOllleJllllHe 10 neT CTaJIH CBHJleTeneM
6hICTporo pOCTa JlejJTenhHOCTH EaHKa B clgtepe
3nH H OCMhIcneHHjJ HaKonneHHoro onhITa B
6e)KeHueB MenneHHOH H HepOBHOH peaJIH3aUHeH
npoeKTOB B CTpaHax C lgteJlepaTHBHOH CTpyKTypOH
1980-x rr Ha Ka)KJlhIH nOTpalJeHHhIH Jlonnap
(aJlMHHHCTpaTHBHhIH 6IOJl)KeT EaHKa nnIOC
TpaCTOBhle lgtOHJlhI KOHcynhTaHTOB) Ha npoeKThI B
clgtepe 3nH 6hlno BhIJleneHO B KalJeCTBe KpeJlHTOB
35 JlonnClllA no cpaBHeHHIO C 60nee lJeM 60
JlonnClllA B 1996 lgtHHaHcoBoM rOJlY H 30 Jlonn ClllA B cpeJlHeM no EaHKY TpacToBhle lgtOHJlhI -shy
oco6eHHo jJnOHCKHe - Jl06aBHnH 60nee OJlHOH
TpeTH cpeJlcTB B aJlMHHHCTpaTHBHhIH 6IOJl)KeT
3nH TaKajJ TeHJleHUHjJ He MO)KeT HOCHTh
HeYCTOHlJHBhIH xapaKTep HacTynHno BpeMjJ JlnjJ
KOHCOnHJlaUHH KpeJlHTHOrO nopTlgtenjJ
HCn0J1h30BaHHjJ HaKonneHHoro onhITa
H36e)KaHHjJ nOBTopeHHjJ CTaphIX OlllH6oK H
B0306HOBneHHjJ npHBep)KeHHOCTH pelgt0pMaM B
OTpacnH 3nH B rnaBe 3 H3naraIOTCjJ cTpaTerHH
JlOCTH)KeHHjJ TaKHX 3aJlalJ
23
DpeAllaraeMhle nyTH AOCTH)KeHHB pe3YJIhTaTHBHOCTH npOeKTOB B OTpaCJIH 3DH
06eCneleHHe KaleCTBa B xone nOnrOTOBKH npoeKTa
bull PaCWHpeHHe YIaCTHB CTPaHhlmiddot38eM~HKa B nOnrOTOBKe npoeKTa bullbull JIJUI paClllHpeHHR BnaJleHHR
npoeKTOM CTPaHOH-KJIHeHTOM nOnYlfaTenRMH CpeJlCTB 3aHHTepecOBaHHblMH CTOpOHaMH
bull OTpaCJIeBOH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR nOnYlfeHHR HHCPOPMauHH no H3yqaeMhiM npo6neMaM H BapHaHTaM HX
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bull 3KOHOMHIeCKHH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR Bhl60pa OnTHMaJIhHOrO BapHaHTa C YlfeTOM H3Jlep)KeK H B03JleHCTBHR
bull OpraHH38DHOHHhlH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR 06eCnelfeHHR peaJIHCTHIfHOH oueHKH HHCTHTYUUOHaJIhHOrO
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bull Hcnonb30BaHHe 60nee WHpOKoro Ha60pa KpenHTHhlX HHCTpYMeHTOB
bull YIeT AeueUTpaJIB30BaUHoro xapaKTepa COUHaJIhHhlX CeKTOpOB
bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
bull BHeceHHe H3MeHeHHH B npaBHJIa npOBeAeHHSI 3aKynoK B COUHaJIbHOH c4lepe H 60nbllIruI fH6KOCTb B HX
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24
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
YTOqHeHHe cTpaTerHqeCKHX npHopHTeToB
CTpaTerHsI baHKa B oTpacmi 3nH 6yLleT
npOLlOn)f(aTh LlHHaMHlHO pa3BHBaThCsI B6Hpasl B
ce6s1 nYlIIIHH Me)f(LlYHapoLlHhIH onhIT CnO)f(HhIH
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CTaHLlapTHhIM peuemaM B CBsI3H C 3THM npH
Bhlpa60TKe peKOMeHLlaUHH H npeLlOCTaBneHHH
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CTpaH B onpeLleneHHH nOLlXOLlOB K TpeM
Ba)f(HeHIIIHM npHopHTeTaM pa3BHTHsI B clJepe
3nH KOTophle 6hInH Y)f(e ynoMsIHYThI B r naBe 1 H
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no YJIyqmeHHIO nOKa3aTeJIeH B OOJIaCTH
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25
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26
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27
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28
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3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHeM H
29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
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pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
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npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
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nonxonoB BKnlOlJaSl IllHpOKOMaCllITafiHble
OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
npHeMneMoro cpOKa Y CHnHSI fiynyT
npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
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npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
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nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
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npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
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BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
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KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
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3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
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3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
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3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
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neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
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YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
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pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
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KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
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MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
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nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
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(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
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C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
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no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
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npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
pacnpOCTpaHeHH~ MHKp060B cnoc06HblX
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noompRTbCJI npOllOJlJKeHHe IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ H3
cpenCTB rpaHTOB npHopHTeTHblX MeJKnYHaponHbIX
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06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
COTPYnHH-IaTb C lgtapMaueBTH-IeCKOH BaKUHHHOH H
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YKpenJleHHIO HCCJlenOBaHHH H nOJlY-leHHIO
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MeJKnYHaponHOH HHHUHaTHBbl no pa3pa60TKe
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CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
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yCHJlH~ no paClllHpeHHIO napTHepCTBa EaHKa C
npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no 60Pb6e C 60Jle3HblO
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nponaraHnHpOBaHHe HHTerpHpOBaHHoro nonxona K
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corJlallleHHeM no opraHH3aUHOHHOMY pa3BHTHlO
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11
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12
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14
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Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
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15
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16
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19
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20
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21
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KalfeCTBa TaKaR TeHlleHllH5I 6blna YCTPaHeHa B
1997 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY (CMnpHnO)KeHHe E llflR
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22
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23
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24
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25
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26
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27
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28
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29
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KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
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31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
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Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
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un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
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paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
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CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
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33
--
npe)fHeMY Onepe)faTh CMepTHOCTh BBHlIY
B03paCTHmi CTPYKTYPhl HaCeneHH5l Bhl3BaHHOH
npelIhllIYIUHMH BhlCOKHMH ypOBH5lMH
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BhlpaCTH C 53 MnplI lJenOBeK B 1990 r lIO 10 MnplI
lJenOBeK B 2100 rolIY HaHfionhmHH npHpocT
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no Mepe CHH)feHH5l ypOBHeH pO)flIaeMOCTH
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36 B 1990 r lIO 57 B 2020 r a lIon5l HHtPeKUHOHHhlX 3afioneBaHHH naTonorHH
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100 bull ~BKTenbCTB8 MHOrlO
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nocrynnettMH ii 60 bull HanOr0B8R CTpytCTypa eo i~c
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12
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bull Cnep)KHBaHHe poCTa pacxonOB B
rocynapcTBeHHoM ceKTope nYTeM KOHTponHpOBaHHSI cnpoca npennO)KeHHSI H ueH
bull PerynHpoBaHHe lfaCTHOrO ceKTopa OTKa3 OT Hcnonb30BaHHSI KOMneHCHpYlOlliero CTpaXOBaHHSI H nooIUpeHHe nonYllieBoH onnaTbI a He 3a ycnyry
bull YKpenneHHSI KOHTponSl H CHCTeMbI OTCne)KHBaHHSI 3aTpalfeHHbiX rocynapcTBeHHbIX cpenCTB (Hcnonb3YSl ClfeTa 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI)
YnyllUeHUe 6JOiJJKenmoii npaKmuKu U pacnpeoeleHuJ pecypcoB K CO)KaneHHIO B fionbllloM KOnHlfeCTBe cTpaH C HH3KHM H cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona OnHa H3 KnlOlfeBbIX npofineM cpHHaHcHpOBaHHSI 3npasooxpaHeHHSI - 3TO HH HeXBaTKa HeofixonHMblx pecypcoB H HH paCTYIUHe pacxonbl a HeynoBneTBopHTenbHaSl filOn)KeTHaSI npaKTHKa nOpO)KnalOIUaSI npHBbIIfKy necpHUHTHoro IPHHaHcHpoBaHHSI H pacnpeneneHHSI cKynHblx pecypcoB Ha He3cpcpeKTHBHoe nelfeHHe TPH CTpaTerHH MoryT nOMOlfb CTpaHaM cfianaHcHpoBaTb filOn)KeT
bull 06ecnelfeHHe 3HalfHTenbHoro npeBblllleHHSI ypOBHSI nOCTynneHHH H3 Bcex HCTOIfHHKOB Han O)KHnaeMbiM ofiIUHM ypOBHeM pacxonoB (3-5) nOCTaTOIfHOrO nnSl nOKpbITHSI pacxonoB Ha
aMopTH3aUHlO H o6cnY)KHBaHHe npHMeHeHHe caHKUHH K ofipa30BaHHlObull necpHUHTa filOJUKeTa H HaKonneHHIO
HenorallleHHblX nonrOB H
bull BblneneHHe fionblllOH nonH filOJUKeTHblX
cpenCTB Ha 3cpcpeKTHBHbie MepOnpHSITHSI
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13
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POJIh EAHKA PACIlIHPEHHE YQACTHR H OCMhICJIEHHE ODhITA
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KaKHe ltJaKTopbI no MHeHHIO pa3BHBaIOmHXC~ CTpaH HeooxOAHMbI An~ ynyqllIeHH~ cltJepbl 3n8
EOnhll1HHCTBO CTpaH YTBep)KnaeT lJTO nn~ pell1eHH~ npo6neM B clgtepe 3nH HcnhlThIBaeMhlX 6enHhlMH cnO~MH HaceneHH~ a TaK)Ke nn~
nOBhlll1eHH~ ypOBH~ MenHUHHCKHX ycnyr H 06eCnelJeHH~ YCTOHlfHBoro H npHeMneMOrO ypOBH~ IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ HM Heo6xonHMa nOMOIUh Me)KnYHaponHoro coo6IUeCTBa B BHne nepenalfH onhlTa KOHKpeTHhlX KOHcynhTaUHH COBeTOB H IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~
OnHaKO pearHpOBaHHe Ha 3anpOCbl KnHeHTOB B OTpacnH 3nH neno BeChMa HenpOCToe Bo-nepBhIX Heo6xonHMO cornaCOBaTh pa3Hoo6pa3Hhie H pa3nHlfalOIUHec~ MHeHH~
3aHHTepeCOBaHHhiX rpynn - KnHeHTOB EaHKa (KaK npaBHno MHHHCTPOB 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ H IgtHHaHCOB) MeCTHOrG HaceneHH~
npOH3BonHTeneH ycnyr H CTpaXOBhlX KOMnaHHH nOTpe6HTeneH (naUHeHTOB 6enHhiX cnoeB HaceneHH~ )KeHIUHH neTeH H npyrHx y~3BHMhIX rpynn) H npOlfHX napTHepoB B nene pa3BHTH~
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pecypchl 31gtIgteKTHBHhiM 06pa30M He6onhll1He H3MeHeHH~ B nOKa3aTen~x MoryT 3aHRTh OT 10 no 15 neT - CPOK npeBhlll1alOIUHH nOnHOMOlJH~ MHorHX npaBHTenhcTB H HX npHBep)KeHHOCTh pelgt0pMaM
H nocnenHee Korna IgtHHaHcoB~ nOMOIUh OTpacnH 3nH nocTynaeT B BHne KpenHToB H 3aHMoB TaKa~ cTpaTerH~ nOn)KHa 6hlTh TIUaTenhHO c6anaHcHpoBaHa C oTnalfeH KOTopa~ MO)KeT 6hlTh nonYlfeHa OT TaKHX HHBecTHUHH B cpenHecpolfHoH nepcneKTHBe H H3nep)KKaMH HepeanH30BaHHhix B03MO)KHOCTeH KOTophle MornH 6hl OTKPhIThC~ npH HHBecTHpoBaHHH B Te o6naCTH 3KOHOMHKH KOTophle BnH~IOT Ha clgtepy 3nH
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EaHK pa60TaeT B cOTpynHHlfecTBe CO MHorHMH Me)KnYHapOnHhIMH opraHH3aUH~MH
(ltDAO MOT CnH)l OOH npOOH ltD)lHOOH B03) perHoHanhHhlMH 6aHKaMH (AEP AIgtEP EEPP H MEP) EC nBycTopOHHHMH opraHH3aUH~MH H HfO H lJaCTHhlM ceKTopoM 3a nocnenHee BpeM~ cOTpynHHlJeCTBO H napTHepcTBo co MHorHMH opraHH3aUH~MH y nYlJll1HnOCh onHaKO eIUe MHoroe npencToHT cnenaTh Ha 3TOM nyTH
CHnhHhlMH cTopoHaMH EaHKa ~Bn~IOTC~ aKKYMynHpoBaHHe B ce6e onhlTa H 3HaHH~
MHpOBoro coo6IUecTBa nonxon K npo6neMaM Ka)KnOH OTnenhHoH cTpaHhl MaKpo3KOHOMHlJeCKOH H MHorooTpacneBoH TOlJeK
14
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3peHHR a TaK)Ke cnoc06HOCTh M06HnH30BaTh KpynHhle cpHHaHCOBhle pecypchI (nH60 HenocpenCTBeHHO nH60 nYTeM napTHepCTB) B Bonpocax npenOCTaBneHHR TeXHH4eCKOH nOMOWH B KOHKpeTHhIX 06naCTRX OTpacnH 3I1H KaK TO 60ph6a C 3a60neBaHHRMH naHK nonaraeTCR Ha coneHCTBHe cneUHanH3HpOBaHHhIX Y4pe)KneHHH OOH H npyrHx Me)KnYHaponHhIX napTHepOB
YqaCTlle liaHKa B ccJepe 3TIH
Ponh naHKa B ccpepe 3flH B Te4eHHe npOll1nhIX 25 neT CTana onHHM H3 npHMepOB paCll1HpeHHR Y4aCTHR H HaKonneHHR onhITa B nByx Ba)KHhIX acneKTax
bull Bo-nepBhIX naHK BHec CBOH BKnan B HaKonneHHe H pacnpOCTpaHeHHe MHpOBoro onhITa no BonpocaM 3TIH nYTeM npOBeneHHR MHPOBhIX H perHOHanhHhIX H3Y4eHHH HccnenOBaHHH H aHanH3a H 06MeHa onhITOM C npyrHMH Me)KnYHaponHhIMH opraHH3aUHRMH
bull BO-BTOPhIX BoopY)KeHHhIH 3HaHHRMH HaKonneHHhIMH B xone CBoeH neRTenhHOCTH naHK Hrpan ponh KaTanH3aTopa B ocywecTBneHHH He06xonHMhIX npe06pa30BaHHH nYTeM nepena4H CTpaHaM KpenHTOB H np04HX MeponpHRTHH HeKpellHTHoro xapaKTepa (H3naraeMhIX nanee)
IIonyqeHHe H paCilpOCTpaHeHHe r no6anhHhIX 3HaHHH
TIepeKpeCTHhle HccnenOBaHHR
MHorHe npenhIJlYWHe HccnenOBaHHR naHKa B OTpacnH 3TIH 6hlnH cocpenOT04eHhI Ha ponH rocynapCTBa H Herocy napCTBeHHoro ceKTopa B 06ecne4eHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH ManoHMywero HaceneHHR B ycnyrax ccpephI 3TIH B pa60Te CHCTeMhI 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H 06ecne4eHHH YCTOH4HBoro cpHHaHCHpOBaHHR
Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
npOipaMMbl (1970 i) U iJoKYMeHInbl no nolumuKe
COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
npOipaMMa (1973 i) no MepaM B 06naCTH
06ecne4eHHR nponoBonhcTBHeM H (B) [JOlumuKa B
o6lacmu 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU5I (1975)
jJOKYMeHm no nOlumuKe B o6lacmu
3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 (1980 i) RBnRnCR nepBoH nonhITKOH 060CHOBaTh HHBeCTHUHH naHKa B oTpacnh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H CBR3h Me)Kny 3npaBooxpaHeHHeM HCKopeHeHHeM 6enHocTH H nnaHHpoBaHHeM ceMhH Omtem 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu coualbHblX pecypCOB (1980 r) nponeMoHcTpHpoBan Ba)KHOCTh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR HapRny C 06pa30BaHHeM H cOUHanhHoH 3aWHToH nnR cTpaTerHH HCKopeHeHHR 6enHocTH
jJOKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM pa3Bumuu 1984 i
HapoiJoHaCeleHUe u pa3Bumue non4epKHYn ponh rocynapcTBa B CHH)KeHHH ypoBHeH cMepTHocTH H pO)KnaeMocTH I1ccnenoBaHHe npoBeneHHoe B 1987 r (fJuHaHcupoBaHue yClyi 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 B
pa3BUBalOlqUXC5I cmpaHax [JpOipaMMa perJ0pM
KacanOCh He3cpcpeKTHBHoCTH H HecnpaBennHBoro xapaKTepa pacxonoBaHHR rocynapcTBeHHhlx cpencTB Ha 3npaBooxpaHeHHe a TaK)Ke BonpocoB cpHHaHcHpoBaHHR TeKYWHX 3aTpaT
TeMa ponH rocynapcTBa 6hlna BHOBh 3aTpoHYTa B npyroM nOKYMeHTe naHKa no np06neMaM B 06naCTH 3TIH jJoKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu B 1993 i HHBecmuuu B
3iJpaBooxpaHeHue 3TOT nOKnaJ] Y)Ke OKa3an
3Ha4HTenhHoe BnHRHHe Ha BHyTpeHHHe H Me)KnYHaponHhle ne6aThI no BonpocaM nonHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR cTpaH C HH3KHMH H cpenHHMH noxonaMH H npHopHTeToB pa60ThI naHKa jJoKlaiJ
no pa3BumulO u 3alqUlne oKpYJKalOlqeu cpeiJbl (1992 r) llOKflall Om lleHmpalbHOiO flIaHUpOBaHU5I K
PblHKY (1996 r) H nOKJ1an POlb iOcyiJapcmea (1997 r) TaK)Ke 3aTparHBanH BonpochI ccpephI 3TIH
TIOMHMO 3THX KpynHhlx nOKYMeHToB H OT4eTOB naHK TaK)Ke ony6nHKoBan MHO)KeCTBO KHHr ClaTeH H pa604Hx nOKYMeHTOB no BonpocaM 3TIH - K KOHUY 1996 cpHHaHcoBoro rona 6hlno ony6nHKoBaHo 163 TaKHX pa60ThI TaK)Ke 6hln onp060BaH MeTon nonrOTOBKH He60nhll1HX HccnenoBaHHH 60nee Y3KOH cneUHanH3aUHH H MeHee noporocToRWHX a TaK)Ke npHBne4eHHe npyrHx OpraHH3aUHH K npoBeneHHIO HccnenoBaHHH no onpeneneHHoH TeMaTHKe (HanpHMep H CCleiJoBaHue M(fJK np06leM uHBecmupoBaHU51 B
15
IaCmHble 60lbHU4bl)
OnepaUHOHHbie HCCnenOBaHH5I H aHanH3
B 1996 IPHHaHcoBoM rony Ha MCpOnpH5ITH5I B ofinaCTH 3nH fiblno Hcnonb30BaHO OKono 20 MnH nonnCIIIA H3 nOliTH 80 MHnnHOHOB BblneneHHblX Ha nporpaMMY cneUHanbHblX rpaHTOB (ncr) EaHKa HenaBHHe nporpaMMbl no BonpocaM 3nH KOTopble fiblnH nonnep)KaHbl nOH nporpaMMoH BKnlOlialOT B cefiSl CneUHanbHYIO nporpaMMY HccnenoBaHHH pa3BHTHSI H ofiYlIeHHSI no BonpocaM BocnpoH3BoncTBa HaCeneHHSI nporpaMMY HccnenOBaHHH TponHlIecKHx fione3HeH B03tnP OOHIBceMHpHoro EaHKa Me)KnYHaponHYIO nporpaMMY no nonHTHKe B ofinaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI I-bYlIeHHe B03 MenHUHHCKHX HccnenoBaHHH H r nofianbHYIO HHHUHaTHBY no MHKponHTaTenbHblM BellleCTBaM
B nocnenHee BpeMSI Ha HccnenOBaHHSI H aHanH3 npofineM B ofinaCTH 3nH B KOHKpeTHblX cTpaHax e)KerOnHO BblnenSleTCSI H3 cpencTB 3aHMOB H KpenHToB npenOCTaBnSleMblX EaHKoM 50-75 MnH nonn CIIIA liTO COCTaBnSleT 5-6 OT Bcero OfibeMa KpenHTOBaHHSI SIBnSlSlCb KpynHblM HCTOllHHKOM IPHHaHcHpOBaHHSI HccnenOBaTenbCKHX pafioT B ofinaCTH 3nH npoBOnHMblX B cTpaHax-KnHeHTax
B cOCTaB OTnena EaHKa no CTpaTerHlIeCKHM HccnenOBaHHSIM BXOilSlT HeCKonbKO CneUHaflHCTOB no BonpocaM 3TIH 3a nocnenHHe ronbl )TOT OTnen npoBen PM HccnenoBaHHH B ofinaCTH 3nH H3pacXOnOBaB OKono 11 MnHnonnCIIIA HnH 8 ofilllero filOn)KeTa Ha HccnenOBaHHSI paBHOrO 145 MnHnonnCIIIA OnHoH H3 nocnenHHX KpynHblx pafioT KOTOPOH 3aHHManCSI )TOT OTnen fiblna nonrOTOBKa nOKnana no CflHJy U BonpocaM
pa3Bumu51 HccnenoBaTenbcKHH COBeT TaK)Ke OKa3bIBaeT nOnnep)KKY npOBeneHHIO HccnenOBaHHH B ofinaCTH 3nH Ha KOHKypCHOH OCHOBe
H3YlIeHHe Me)KnYHaponHoro onblTa
HHCTHTYT 3KOHOMHlIeCKoro Pa3BHTHSI EaHKa (H3P) OKa3blBaeT ycnyrH no ofiYlIeHHIO H npOBonHT ceMHHapbl MSI npaBHTenbCTBeHHblX
pafiOTHHKOB cTpaH-KnHeHTOB OTBeTcTBeHHblx 3a 1P0pMHpOBaHHe nonHTHKH B clPepe 3nH UeHTp ofiYlIeHH5I H nHnepCTBa EaHKa 3aHHMaeTC51 nOBblweHHeM KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa rpynna 3nH SIBnSllOluaSlCSI lIaCTblO OfibenHHeHHSI cneUHanHCTOB EaHKa B ofinaCTH pa3BHTHSI COUHanbHblX pecypcoB fiblna C03naHa B 1996 r H B03r naBHna pafioTY no ynpaBneHHIO HHlPopMaUHeH B ofinaCTH 3nH Bce TpH rpynnbl Hcnonb3YlOT )neKTpOHHble TeXHonorHH H pa3BHBalOT napTHepcTBo nnSl MaKCHMH3aUHH )lPlPeKTHBHoCTH CBoeH pafioTbl
OCHOBHOH YllefiHblH KypC no TeMe PerjJ0pMupoBaHue U ycmouluBoe rjJuHaHcupoBaHue
30paBooXpaHeHUJI nonroToBneHHblH oceHblO 1997 OfibenHHeHHeM cneUHanHCTOB EaHKa B ofinaCTH COUHanbHblX pecypcoB H cOTpynHHKaMH H3P npH coneHCTBHH weCTH perHOHanbHblX HHCTHTYTOBshynapTHepoB CKOHueHTpHpOBaH Ha Bonpocax )KOHOMHKH nonHTHlieCKOH )KOHOMHH H HHCTHTYUHOHanbHblX npofineMax 3aHHMalOlllHX ueHTpanbHoe MeCTO B pelPopMax oTpacnH 3nH 3a npOlUenUIHe nsa rona B paMKax HenenbHoro nOBbllUeHHSI KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa npoBonHMoro UeHTpOM ofiYlleHHSI fiblna npOBeneHa HHTeHCHBHaSl nonrOTOBKa C ynopoM Ha Ba)KHeHIUHe Bonpocbl oTpacnH 3nH
Me)KnYHaponHble KOHlPepeHUHH H HaYllHble ceMHHapbl opraHH3yeMbie EaHKoM H JlPyrHMH opraHH3aUHRMH TaKJKe COJleHcTBYIOT nOBbllUeHHIO KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa H cTpaH-KnHeHToB EaHK npHHSIn YliaCTHe BO BceMHpHoM COBelllaHHH no BonpocaM neTCTBa npoBonHMoM K)HHCEltIgt B 1990 B HblO-HopKe B Me)KnYHapOnHOH napTHepcKoH BCTpelie no oxpaHe MaTepHHcTBa B BallIHHITOHe oKpyr KonYMfiHSI B 1991 B Me)KnYHaponHoH KOHlaquoPepeHuHH no BonpocaM HapOnoHaCeneHHSI H pa3BHTHSI B KaHpe B 1994 BO BceMHpHoH KOHlPepeHUHH no BonpocaM )KeHlllHH B ileKHHe B 1995 H B Me)KnYHaponHoH KOHlPepeHUHH no BonpocaM paHHero MaTepHHCTBa B ATnaHTe B 1996 TaK)Ke B 1997 r EaHK opraHH30Ban H npOBen Me)KnYHaponHYIO KOHlPepeHUHIO no IPHHaHcHpoBaHHIO 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI B BaIUHHITOHe oKpyr KonYMfiHSI
16
EaHK BceMepHO nOOIUpsleT y-aCTHe crpaHshy
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21
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24
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YcuneHue B03AeucTBuR u nOBblmeHue pe3ynbTaTuBHOCTu
EaHK HalaJI paClllHpeHHe CBoeH nejITenhHOCTH B
oonaCTH 3nH IIpHMepHO neCjlTh neT Ha3an
BcnenCTBHe OhlCTPOrO pOCTa 1HCna npoeKTOB
Ohino nOBonhHO CnO)KHO OOeCnelHTh onHHaKOBoe
KaleCTBO TaK)Ke HaOnlOnaJIaCh HeKOTOp~
IPparMeHTapHOCTh nejITenhHOCTH OnHaKO
28
OCHOBHYIO TpeBory BhI3hlBaIOT B03LleHCTBHe H
pe3ynhTaTHBHOCTh npOeKTOB llnjl BhmOnHeHHjI
CTpaTerHH H3nO)KeHHOH B LlaHHoM LloKYMeHTe
MaKCHMH3aUHH B03LleHCTBHjI HHBeCTHUHH H
06eCneleHHjI nOnYIeHHjI KnHeHTaMH ycnyr
BhlCOKOrO KaleCTBa naHKY He06xOLlHMO
CneLloBaTh 1eThlpeM npHHUHnaM ynop Ha
CTpaTerHIeCKYIO HanpaBneHHOCTh nonHTHKH B
06naCTH 3nH nOLlKpenneHHe KpeLlHTOBaHHjI
aHanH30M H HCCneLlOBaHHjlMH 60nhlllaji
H36HpaTenhHOCTh B npOeKTaX H ynylllleHHe
06CnY)KHBaHHjI CTpaH-KnHeHTOB HH)Ke 3TH
npHHUHnhl npeLlCTaBneHhl B 60nee nOLlp06HOM
H3nO)KeHHH
Ynop Ha crpaTerHqeCKHe npHopHTeTbl
nOJIHTHKH B OOJIaCTH 3DH
CTpaTerHH pa3BHTHjI B 06naCTH 3nH
OXBaThlBaIOT nepHoLl OT 10 LlO 15 neT ITO
npeBhllllaeT UHKn 60nhlllHHCTBa npoeKToB (5-8 neT) H HHLlHBHLlyanhHhle 3aLlaHHjI COTPYLlHHKOB
naHKa (1-4 rOlla) YIHThIBaji TaKYIO np06neMY
1pe3BhllaHHO Ba)KHO coCpeLlOTOlHTh KOHKpeTHhle
CTpaTerHH B 06nacTH 3nH H3nO)KeHHhle B
Ka)KLlOH H3 CTpaTerHH nOMOIl(H CTpaHe (CnC) a
TaK)Ke peKoMeHLlaUHH KpeLlHToBaHHe H
HccneLlOBaHHjI Ha cpeLlHeCpOlHhiX 3aLlalaX H
KpaTKOCpOlHhIX Mepax cooTBeTCTBYIOIl(HX TpeM
npHopHTeTHhlM 06naCTjlM B clgtepe 3nH
H3nO)KeHHhIM Bhlllle
CDC 6YLleT Hcnonh30BaHa B KaleCTBe
KnIOIeBOrO HHCTpYMeHTa nepeLlalH MHeHHjI naHKa
o npHopHTeTax B clgtepe 3nH B XOLle LlHanora C
PYKOBOLlHTenjlMH CTpaH CneUHanHcThl naHKa B
06naCTH 3nH 6YLlYT pa60TaTh B TeCHOM
COTpYLlHHIeCTBe co CTpaHOBhlMH OTLlenaMH no
nOLlrOTOBKe CTpaTerHH nOMOIl(H TeM CTpaHaM B
KOTOPhlX HMeIOTCjI HaH60nee Cephe3Hhie
CHCTeMHhle np06neMhi B OTpacnH 3nH
(CMnpHnO)KeHHe A Llfljl peHTHHra cTpaH no
Ka)KLloH npHopHTeTHoH 06nacTH 3nH)
CneUHanHcThl B 06nacTH 3nH TaK)Ke 6YLleT
COTpYLlHHIaTh 60nee TeCHhlM 06pa30M co
cneUHanHCTaMH B 06nacTH 06pa30BaHHjI H
cOUHanhHoH 3aWHThl Llfljl pa3pa60TKH
KOnHIeCTBeHHhIX nOKa3aTeneH IgtopMHpOBaHHjI
1enOBeleCKOrO KanHTana H npoH3BoLlHTenhHoCTH
TpyLla KOTophle MoryT 6hlTh BKnIOIeHhl B
aHanHTHIeCKYIO OCHOBY peKmteHLlaUHH
npeLlnaraeMhlx B Cnc PYKOBOLlCTBO naHK-a 6YLleT
BhI60pOlHO KOHTpOnHpOBaTh xOLl npoeKToB
pe3ynhTaThi pa60Thi CHCTeM 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H
nOKa3aTenH IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHjI oTpacnH B cTpaHax
KOTophle HMeIOT 60nee BhlCOKHH ypOBeHh pHcKa
DOAKpenJIeHHe KpeAHToBaHHB
aHaJIHTHQeCKOH paooToH H HCCJ1eAOBaHHBMH
nO Mepe TOro KaK naHK npOLlOn)KaeT
nepeHocHTh ynop B CBoeH LleBTenhHOCTH
IgtH3HIeCKHX aKTHBOB H pe3ynhTaToB Ha npouecc
He06xoLlHMO 3KcnepHMeHTHpoBaTh H
OCMhlcnHBaTh nonYleHHhlH onhlT llnB 3Toro
He06xoLlHMO TluaTenhHO pa3pa6aThiBaTh
3KcnepHMeHTanhHhie npoeKThl KOHTponHpoBaTh
HX peanH3aUHIO H aHanH3HpoBaTh pe3ynhTaThl a
TaK)Ke LlenaTh 60nhlllHH ynop Ha pa3pa60TKY H
KOHTpOnh 3a BhmonHeHHeM HccneLlOBaTenhCKHX
KOMnOHeHTOB HHBeCTHUHOHHhlX npoeKToB
CneLlyeT 06paTHTh 60nhlUe BHHMaHHB Ha
(a) Bonpochl pearHpOBaHHjI OTLlenhHhlX nHU H
ceMeH Ha ueHoBYIO nonHTHKY KaleCTBO LlocTyn
MeLlHUHHCKoro 06cnY)KHBaHHjI H oxpaHhl
3LlOPOBhjl HaCeneHHjI KOHKpeTHhle MepOnpHjlTHjI
COleTaHHe rocYLlapCTBaiaCTHoro ceKTopa H
pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
noompeHHe nHU H ceMeH 6paTh BCIO nonHoTY
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH Ha ce6j1 3a CBoe 3LlopOBhe H
YlaCTBOBaTh B npouecce npHHSITHjI pellleHHH (B)
H3YQeHHe lgtaKTopoB BnHjlIOIl(HX Ha pe3ynhTaThi
pa60Thi CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI BKnIOIajl
nonHTHIeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO pelgtopM ynpaBneHHe H
opraHH3aUHOHHhie acneKThl (r) H3YleHHe
npouecca 06eCneleHHjI YCTOHIHBoro ypOBHjI
IgtHHaHCHpoBaHHjI 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H cOBMellleHHjI
PHCKOB H Toro KaK Hcnonh30BaTh pe3ynhTaThl
nonYleHHhle B XOLle 0630pOB 3aTpaT Ha
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHe (HaceneHHjI H H3
rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
npeLlnpHsITHH) Llnjl onpeLleneHHjI OTpacneBhlX
npHopHTeTOB (pellleHHH 0 pacnpeLleneHHH
pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
OCMhicneHHe onhlTa pelgtOpMHpOBaHHjI CHCTeM
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHeM H
29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
BO-BTOPblX HeofixonHMO TpaTHTb 60nbllle
BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
ypOKOB B xone nnaHHpOBaHHSI H peanH3aUHH
npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
3neMeHTbl KOTopble ofieCnelJHBalOT
KalJeCTBeHHOCTb npoeKTa nYTeM npHMeHeHHSI
HMeIOIUHXCSI HHCTpYMeHTOB OTpacneBoro
3KOHOMHlJeCKOrO opraHH3aUHOHHoro aHanH3a H
oueHKH nOTeHUHanbHoro pHCKa Eonbllle BpeMeHH
HeofixonHMO ynenSITb anpofiaUHH HOBblX
nonxonoB BKnlOlJaSl IllHpOKOMaCllITafiHble
OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
npHeMneMoro cpOKa Y CHnHSI fiynyT
npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
npHBepJKeHHOCTH K BblfipaHHOH nonHTHKe npH
CMeHe npaBHTenbCTB HHCTHTYUHOHanbHoe
npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
B-TpeTbHX fiyneT onpofiOBaH fionee
rHfiKHH H IllHpOKHH Ha60p HHCTpYMeHTOB
KpenHTOBaHHSI JrO npenYCMaTpHBaeT fionbillee
Hcnonb30BaHHe IllHpoKHX OTpacneBblX nonXonOB H
3aHMOB MSI nOnnepJKKH CHCTeMHblX pecpopM
HOBblX MHKPO MHHH H ananTHpOBaHHblX
HHBeCTHUHOHHblX 3aHMOB no Mepe HX HanHlJHSI
Hcnonb30BaHHe fionee MenKHX H HHHOBaUHOHHblX
3aHMOB nOMOJKeT H3fieJKaTb CnOJKHblX
nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
nOKYMeHTaUHH
YlJHTblBaSl BaJKHOCTb KalJeCTBeHHOrO
npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
fiynyT npOBOnHTbCSI onpOCbl HaCeneHHSI nnSl
BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
EaHKa Ha pa3BHTHe
KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
B 3TOH ccpepe COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHe pafiOTbl CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H HX cpHHaHCHpOBaHHSI EaHKY
HeofixonHMO npHHSITb Mepbl no YKpenneHHIO
cofiCTBeHHoro nOTeHUHana H nOTeHUHana
3aeMIUHKOB no npoBeneHHIO MOHHTopHHra H
aHanH3a nporpecca B nOCTHJKeHHH nOCTaBneHHblX
3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
HHcpopMaUHSI ofi OCHOBHblX npofineMax B ccpepe
3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
ypoBHeM noxona H perHoHaM B KOTOPblX
3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
3KOHOMHlJeCKHX H npOlJHX COUHanbHblX
neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
CHCTeM 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H npOlJHX naHHblX
YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
nepelJeHb nOKa3aTeneH MSI oueHKH
pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
Hcnonb30BaHHSI Ha rrpaKTHKe (npH3HaHHe
B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
peCTpYKTYpH3aUHlO HMeIOIUerOCSI KpellHTHOrO
nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
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32
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33
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11
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12
3npaBooxpaHeHHe cocTasnmoT 3HalfHTenbHYlO nOnlO HaUHOHanbHOro nponyKTa H pecypCOB XOTSI KOHKpeTHOrO npenena Ha 3npaBOoxpaHeHHe He YCTaHOBneHO H3BeCTHO IfTO ecnH ofiJlUie paCXOllb1 Ha 3npasooxpaHeHHe npeBbllllalOT 6-7 BBn HnH ecnH OHH paCTyT fiblCTPblMH TeMnaMH TO eCTb onaCHOCTb B03HHKHOBeHHSI npofineM filOJUKeTHOrO xapaKTepa Bo MHorHX cTpaHax 3HalfHTenbHbie filOJUKeTHble cpenCTBa HanpaBnSlIOTCSI Ha cpHHaHCHpOBaHHe He3cpcpeKTHBHbIX ycnyr JlflSl MeHblllHHCTBa HaCeneHHSI B TO BpeMSl KaK fionblllHHCTBO HaCeneHHSI He HMeeT nOCTyna K fia30BOMY MenHUHHCKOMY 06cnY)KHBaHHIO B TOM cnylfae Korna TpefiyeTcSI HananHTb KOHTponb 3a pacXonaMH B paCnOpSI)KeHHH npasHTenbCTB MoryT fibITb TpH BapHaHTa nonHTHKH
bull Cnep)KHBaHHe poCTa pacxonOB B
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bull PerynHpoBaHHe lfaCTHOrO ceKTopa OTKa3 OT Hcnonb30BaHHSI KOMneHCHpYlOlliero CTpaXOBaHHSI H nooIUpeHHe nonYllieBoH onnaTbI a He 3a ycnyry
bull YKpenneHHSI KOHTponSl H CHCTeMbI OTCne)KHBaHHSI 3aTpalfeHHbiX rocynapcTBeHHbIX cpenCTB (Hcnonb3YSl ClfeTa 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI)
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bull 06ecnelfeHHe 3HalfHTenbHoro npeBblllleHHSI ypOBHSI nOCTynneHHH H3 Bcex HCTOIfHHKOB Han O)KHnaeMbiM ofiIUHM ypOBHeM pacxonoB (3-5) nOCTaTOIfHOrO nnSl nOKpbITHSI pacxonoB Ha
aMopTH3aUHlO H o6cnY)KHBaHHe npHMeHeHHe caHKUHH K ofipa30BaHHlObull necpHUHTa filOJUKeTa H HaKonneHHIO
HenorallleHHblX nonrOB H
bull BblneneHHe fionblllOH nonH filOJUKeTHblX
cpenCTB Ha 3cpcpeKTHBHbie MepOnpHSITHSI
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13
rnABA II
POJIh EAHKA PACIlIHPEHHE YQACTHR H OCMhICJIEHHE ODhITA
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KaKHe ltJaKTopbI no MHeHHIO pa3BHBaIOmHXC~ CTpaH HeooxOAHMbI An~ ynyqllIeHH~ cltJepbl 3n8
EOnhll1HHCTBO CTpaH YTBep)KnaeT lJTO nn~ pell1eHH~ npo6neM B clgtepe 3nH HcnhlThIBaeMhlX 6enHhlMH cnO~MH HaceneHH~ a TaK)Ke nn~
nOBhlll1eHH~ ypOBH~ MenHUHHCKHX ycnyr H 06eCnelJeHH~ YCTOHlfHBoro H npHeMneMOrO ypOBH~ IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ HM Heo6xonHMa nOMOIUh Me)KnYHaponHoro coo6IUeCTBa B BHne nepenalfH onhlTa KOHKpeTHhlX KOHcynhTaUHH COBeTOB H IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~
OnHaKO pearHpOBaHHe Ha 3anpOCbl KnHeHTOB B OTpacnH 3nH neno BeChMa HenpOCToe Bo-nepBhIX Heo6xonHMO cornaCOBaTh pa3Hoo6pa3Hhie H pa3nHlfalOIUHec~ MHeHH~
3aHHTepeCOBaHHhiX rpynn - KnHeHTOB EaHKa (KaK npaBHno MHHHCTPOB 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ H IgtHHaHCOB) MeCTHOrG HaceneHH~
npOH3BonHTeneH ycnyr H CTpaXOBhlX KOMnaHHH nOTpe6HTeneH (naUHeHTOB 6enHhiX cnoeB HaceneHH~ )KeHIUHH neTeH H npyrHx y~3BHMhIX rpynn) H npOlfHX napTHepoB B nene pa3BHTH~
BO-BTOPhIX MHorHe CTpaHhl HcnhlThIBalOT npo6neMhi B 06naCTH 3nH Bh13BaHHhle npOBeneHHeM B )KH3Hh HeBepHhlX CTpaTerHH TaK)Ke MHorHe npaBHTenhCTBa He CMornH peanH30BaTh nOTeHUHan npaBHnhHOH nonHTHKH H Hcnonh30BaTh Herocy napCTBeHHhle
pecypchl 31gtIgteKTHBHhiM 06pa30M He6onhll1He H3MeHeHH~ B nOKa3aTen~x MoryT 3aHRTh OT 10 no 15 neT - CPOK npeBhlll1alOIUHH nOnHOMOlJH~ MHorHX npaBHTenhcTB H HX npHBep)KeHHOCTh pelgt0pMaM
H nocnenHee Korna IgtHHaHcoB~ nOMOIUh OTpacnH 3nH nocTynaeT B BHne KpenHToB H 3aHMoB TaKa~ cTpaTerH~ nOn)KHa 6hlTh TIUaTenhHO c6anaHcHpoBaHa C oTnalfeH KOTopa~ MO)KeT 6hlTh nonYlfeHa OT TaKHX HHBecTHUHH B cpenHecpolfHoH nepcneKTHBe H H3nep)KKaMH HepeanH30BaHHhix B03MO)KHOCTeH KOTophle MornH 6hl OTKPhIThC~ npH HHBecTHpoBaHHH B Te o6naCTH 3KOHOMHKH KOTophle BnH~IOT Ha clgtepy 3nH
Ponb MegtKAYHapoAHoro CoOomeCTBa
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EaHK pa60TaeT B cOTpynHHlfecTBe CO MHorHMH Me)KnYHapOnHhIMH opraHH3aUH~MH
(ltDAO MOT CnH)l OOH npOOH ltD)lHOOH B03) perHoHanhHhlMH 6aHKaMH (AEP AIgtEP EEPP H MEP) EC nBycTopOHHHMH opraHH3aUH~MH H HfO H lJaCTHhlM ceKTopoM 3a nocnenHee BpeM~ cOTpynHHlJeCTBO H napTHepcTBo co MHorHMH opraHH3aUH~MH y nYlJll1HnOCh onHaKO eIUe MHoroe npencToHT cnenaTh Ha 3TOM nyTH
CHnhHhlMH cTopoHaMH EaHKa ~Bn~IOTC~ aKKYMynHpoBaHHe B ce6e onhlTa H 3HaHH~
MHpOBoro coo6IUecTBa nonxon K npo6neMaM Ka)KnOH OTnenhHoH cTpaHhl MaKpo3KOHOMHlJeCKOH H MHorooTpacneBoH TOlJeK
14
C
3peHHR a TaK)Ke cnoc06HOCTh M06HnH30BaTh KpynHhle cpHHaHCOBhle pecypchI (nH60 HenocpenCTBeHHO nH60 nYTeM napTHepCTB) B Bonpocax npenOCTaBneHHR TeXHH4eCKOH nOMOWH B KOHKpeTHhIX 06naCTRX OTpacnH 3I1H KaK TO 60ph6a C 3a60neBaHHRMH naHK nonaraeTCR Ha coneHCTBHe cneUHanH3HpOBaHHhIX Y4pe)KneHHH OOH H npyrHx Me)KnYHaponHhIX napTHepOB
YqaCTlle liaHKa B ccJepe 3TIH
Ponh naHKa B ccpepe 3flH B Te4eHHe npOll1nhIX 25 neT CTana onHHM H3 npHMepOB paCll1HpeHHR Y4aCTHR H HaKonneHHR onhITa B nByx Ba)KHhIX acneKTax
bull Bo-nepBhIX naHK BHec CBOH BKnan B HaKonneHHe H pacnpOCTpaHeHHe MHpOBoro onhITa no BonpocaM 3TIH nYTeM npOBeneHHR MHPOBhIX H perHOHanhHhIX H3Y4eHHH HccnenOBaHHH H aHanH3a H 06MeHa onhITOM C npyrHMH Me)KnYHaponHhIMH opraHH3aUHRMH
bull BO-BTOPhIX BoopY)KeHHhIH 3HaHHRMH HaKonneHHhIMH B xone CBoeH neRTenhHOCTH naHK Hrpan ponh KaTanH3aTopa B ocywecTBneHHH He06xonHMhIX npe06pa30BaHHH nYTeM nepena4H CTpaHaM KpenHTOB H np04HX MeponpHRTHH HeKpellHTHoro xapaKTepa (H3naraeMhIX nanee)
IIonyqeHHe H paCilpOCTpaHeHHe r no6anhHhIX 3HaHHH
TIepeKpeCTHhle HccnenOBaHHR
MHorHe npenhIJlYWHe HccnenOBaHHR naHKa B OTpacnH 3TIH 6hlnH cocpenOT04eHhI Ha ponH rocynapCTBa H Herocy napCTBeHHoro ceKTopa B 06ecne4eHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH ManoHMywero HaceneHHR B ycnyrax ccpephI 3TIH B pa60Te CHCTeMhI 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H 06ecne4eHHH YCTOH4HBoro cpHHaHCHpOBaHHR
Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
npOipaMMbl (1970 i) U iJoKYMeHInbl no nolumuKe
COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
npOipaMMa (1973 i) no MepaM B 06naCTH
06ecne4eHHR nponoBonhcTBHeM H (B) [JOlumuKa B
o6lacmu 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU5I (1975)
jJOKYMeHm no nOlumuKe B o6lacmu
3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 (1980 i) RBnRnCR nepBoH nonhITKOH 060CHOBaTh HHBeCTHUHH naHKa B oTpacnh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H CBR3h Me)Kny 3npaBooxpaHeHHeM HCKopeHeHHeM 6enHocTH H nnaHHpoBaHHeM ceMhH Omtem 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu coualbHblX pecypCOB (1980 r) nponeMoHcTpHpoBan Ba)KHOCTh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR HapRny C 06pa30BaHHeM H cOUHanhHoH 3aWHToH nnR cTpaTerHH HCKopeHeHHR 6enHocTH
jJOKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM pa3Bumuu 1984 i
HapoiJoHaCeleHUe u pa3Bumue non4epKHYn ponh rocynapcTBa B CHH)KeHHH ypoBHeH cMepTHocTH H pO)KnaeMocTH I1ccnenoBaHHe npoBeneHHoe B 1987 r (fJuHaHcupoBaHue yClyi 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 B
pa3BUBalOlqUXC5I cmpaHax [JpOipaMMa perJ0pM
KacanOCh He3cpcpeKTHBHoCTH H HecnpaBennHBoro xapaKTepa pacxonoBaHHR rocynapcTBeHHhlx cpencTB Ha 3npaBooxpaHeHHe a TaK)Ke BonpocoB cpHHaHcHpoBaHHR TeKYWHX 3aTpaT
TeMa ponH rocynapcTBa 6hlna BHOBh 3aTpoHYTa B npyroM nOKYMeHTe naHKa no np06neMaM B 06naCTH 3TIH jJoKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu B 1993 i HHBecmuuu B
3iJpaBooxpaHeHue 3TOT nOKnaJ] Y)Ke OKa3an
3Ha4HTenhHoe BnHRHHe Ha BHyTpeHHHe H Me)KnYHaponHhle ne6aThI no BonpocaM nonHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR cTpaH C HH3KHMH H cpenHHMH noxonaMH H npHopHTeToB pa60ThI naHKa jJoKlaiJ
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15
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23
DpeAllaraeMhle nyTH AOCTH)KeHHB pe3YJIhTaTHBHOCTH npOeKTOB B OTpaCJIH 3DH
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bull PaCWHpeHHe YIaCTHB CTPaHhlmiddot38eM~HKa B nOnrOTOBKe npoeKTa bullbull JIJUI paClllHpeHHR BnaJleHHR
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bull OTpaCJIeBOH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR nOnYlfeHHR HHCPOPMauHH no H3yqaeMhiM npo6neMaM H BapHaHTaM HX
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bull 3KOHOMHIeCKHH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR Bhl60pa OnTHMaJIhHOrO BapHaHTa C YlfeTOM H3Jlep)KeK H B03JleHCTBHR
bull OpraHH38DHOHHhlH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR 06eCnelfeHHR peaJIHCTHIfHOH oueHKH HHCTHTYUUOHaJIhHOrO
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bull AHaJIH3 YCTOHIHBOCTH -- IlIUI oueHKH cpHHaHCOBOH )KH3Hecnoc06HOCTH PHCKOB H aJIbTepHaTHB
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bull Hcnonb30BaHHe 60nee WHpOKoro Ha60pa KpenHTHhlX HHCTpYMeHTOB
bull YIeT AeueUTpaJIB30BaUHoro xapaKTepa COUHaJIhHhlX CeKTOpOB
bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
bull BHeceHHe H3MeHeHHH B npaBHJIa npOBeAeHHSI 3aKynoK B COUHaJIbHOH c4lepe H 60nbllIruI fH6KOCTb B HX
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CHCTeMhl CTHMynHpoBaHHSI Tpyna H HaHMa nyIWHx pa60THHKOB
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24
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
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npOLlOn)f(aTh LlenaTb ynop Ha Heo6xOLlHMOCTb B
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06eCneleHHe Heo6xOLlHMblMH MeLlHUHHCKHMH
ycnyraMH B cOBoKynHocTH C COOTBeTCTBYIOlUHM
nHTaHHeM H npolJHnaKTHleCKHMH
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25
naUHeHTOB-)KeHlllHH nOnYlJaTb nelJeHHe Y
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MellHUHHCKoro 06cnY)KHBaHHSI XOTSI H
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3KcnepTHaSl rpynna no Y JIyIUJeHUIO 300POBb$l B
cmpaHax ArjJPUKU OKa3bIBalOT nOMOIUb B
npHMeHeHHH Me)KnYHapOnHbiX HHHUHaTHB B
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pa3BHTHSI COUHanbHblX pecypcoB CHH)KeHHSI
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26
3IPIPeKTUBHhlMU KaqeCTBeHHhlMU U
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nnaHHpoBaHHjI B paMKax DaHKa 60nee TeCHhle
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27
ClPephl B IaCTHhle PYKH H OKa)KeT COneHCTBHe B
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28
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29
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llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
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30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
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31
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32
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33
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11
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12
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bull Cnep)KHBaHHe poCTa pacxonOB B
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bull PerynHpoBaHHe lfaCTHOrO ceKTopa OTKa3 OT Hcnonb30BaHHSI KOMneHCHpYlOlliero CTpaXOBaHHSI H nooIUpeHHe nonYllieBoH onnaTbI a He 3a ycnyry
bull YKpenneHHSI KOHTponSl H CHCTeMbI OTCne)KHBaHHSI 3aTpalfeHHbiX rocynapcTBeHHbIX cpenCTB (Hcnonb3YSl ClfeTa 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI)
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bull 06ecnelfeHHe 3HalfHTenbHoro npeBblllleHHSI ypOBHSI nOCTynneHHH H3 Bcex HCTOIfHHKOB Han O)KHnaeMbiM ofiIUHM ypOBHeM pacxonoB (3-5) nOCTaTOIfHOrO nnSl nOKpbITHSI pacxonoB Ha
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13
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3aHHTepeCOBaHHhiX rpynn - KnHeHTOB EaHKa (KaK npaBHno MHHHCTPOB 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ H IgtHHaHCOB) MeCTHOrG HaceneHH~
npOH3BonHTeneH ycnyr H CTpaXOBhlX KOMnaHHH nOTpe6HTeneH (naUHeHTOB 6enHhiX cnoeB HaceneHH~ )KeHIUHH neTeH H npyrHx y~3BHMhIX rpynn) H npOlfHX napTHepoB B nene pa3BHTH~
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pecypchl 31gtIgteKTHBHhiM 06pa30M He6onhll1He H3MeHeHH~ B nOKa3aTen~x MoryT 3aHRTh OT 10 no 15 neT - CPOK npeBhlll1alOIUHH nOnHOMOlJH~ MHorHX npaBHTenhcTB H HX npHBep)KeHHOCTh pelgt0pMaM
H nocnenHee Korna IgtHHaHcoB~ nOMOIUh OTpacnH 3nH nocTynaeT B BHne KpenHToB H 3aHMoB TaKa~ cTpaTerH~ nOn)KHa 6hlTh TIUaTenhHO c6anaHcHpoBaHa C oTnalfeH KOTopa~ MO)KeT 6hlTh nonYlfeHa OT TaKHX HHBecTHUHH B cpenHecpolfHoH nepcneKTHBe H H3nep)KKaMH HepeanH30BaHHhix B03MO)KHOCTeH KOTophle MornH 6hl OTKPhIThC~ npH HHBecTHpoBaHHH B Te o6naCTH 3KOHOMHKH KOTophle BnH~IOT Ha clgtepy 3nH
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EaHK pa60TaeT B cOTpynHHlfecTBe CO MHorHMH Me)KnYHapOnHhIMH opraHH3aUH~MH
(ltDAO MOT CnH)l OOH npOOH ltD)lHOOH B03) perHoHanhHhlMH 6aHKaMH (AEP AIgtEP EEPP H MEP) EC nBycTopOHHHMH opraHH3aUH~MH H HfO H lJaCTHhlM ceKTopoM 3a nocnenHee BpeM~ cOTpynHHlJeCTBO H napTHepcTBo co MHorHMH opraHH3aUH~MH y nYlJll1HnOCh onHaKO eIUe MHoroe npencToHT cnenaTh Ha 3TOM nyTH
CHnhHhlMH cTopoHaMH EaHKa ~Bn~IOTC~ aKKYMynHpoBaHHe B ce6e onhlTa H 3HaHH~
MHpOBoro coo6IUecTBa nonxon K npo6neMaM Ka)KnOH OTnenhHoH cTpaHhl MaKpo3KOHOMHlJeCKOH H MHorooTpacneBoH TOlJeK
14
C
3peHHR a TaK)Ke cnoc06HOCTh M06HnH30BaTh KpynHhle cpHHaHCOBhle pecypchI (nH60 HenocpenCTBeHHO nH60 nYTeM napTHepCTB) B Bonpocax npenOCTaBneHHR TeXHH4eCKOH nOMOWH B KOHKpeTHhIX 06naCTRX OTpacnH 3I1H KaK TO 60ph6a C 3a60neBaHHRMH naHK nonaraeTCR Ha coneHCTBHe cneUHanH3HpOBaHHhIX Y4pe)KneHHH OOH H npyrHx Me)KnYHaponHhIX napTHepOB
YqaCTlle liaHKa B ccJepe 3TIH
Ponh naHKa B ccpepe 3flH B Te4eHHe npOll1nhIX 25 neT CTana onHHM H3 npHMepOB paCll1HpeHHR Y4aCTHR H HaKonneHHR onhITa B nByx Ba)KHhIX acneKTax
bull Bo-nepBhIX naHK BHec CBOH BKnan B HaKonneHHe H pacnpOCTpaHeHHe MHpOBoro onhITa no BonpocaM 3TIH nYTeM npOBeneHHR MHPOBhIX H perHOHanhHhIX H3Y4eHHH HccnenOBaHHH H aHanH3a H 06MeHa onhITOM C npyrHMH Me)KnYHaponHhIMH opraHH3aUHRMH
bull BO-BTOPhIX BoopY)KeHHhIH 3HaHHRMH HaKonneHHhIMH B xone CBoeH neRTenhHOCTH naHK Hrpan ponh KaTanH3aTopa B ocywecTBneHHH He06xonHMhIX npe06pa30BaHHH nYTeM nepena4H CTpaHaM KpenHTOB H np04HX MeponpHRTHH HeKpellHTHoro xapaKTepa (H3naraeMhIX nanee)
IIonyqeHHe H paCilpOCTpaHeHHe r no6anhHhIX 3HaHHH
TIepeKpeCTHhle HccnenOBaHHR
MHorHe npenhIJlYWHe HccnenOBaHHR naHKa B OTpacnH 3TIH 6hlnH cocpenOT04eHhI Ha ponH rocynapCTBa H Herocy napCTBeHHoro ceKTopa B 06ecne4eHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH ManoHMywero HaceneHHR B ycnyrax ccpephI 3TIH B pa60Te CHCTeMhI 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H 06ecne4eHHH YCTOH4HBoro cpHHaHCHpOBaHHR
Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
npOipaMMbl (1970 i) U iJoKYMeHInbl no nolumuKe
COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
npOipaMMa (1973 i) no MepaM B 06naCTH
06ecne4eHHR nponoBonhcTBHeM H (B) [JOlumuKa B
o6lacmu 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU5I (1975)
jJOKYMeHm no nOlumuKe B o6lacmu
3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 (1980 i) RBnRnCR nepBoH nonhITKOH 060CHOBaTh HHBeCTHUHH naHKa B oTpacnh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H CBR3h Me)Kny 3npaBooxpaHeHHeM HCKopeHeHHeM 6enHocTH H nnaHHpoBaHHeM ceMhH Omtem 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu coualbHblX pecypCOB (1980 r) nponeMoHcTpHpoBan Ba)KHOCTh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR HapRny C 06pa30BaHHeM H cOUHanhHoH 3aWHToH nnR cTpaTerHH HCKopeHeHHR 6enHocTH
jJOKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM pa3Bumuu 1984 i
HapoiJoHaCeleHUe u pa3Bumue non4epKHYn ponh rocynapcTBa B CHH)KeHHH ypoBHeH cMepTHocTH H pO)KnaeMocTH I1ccnenoBaHHe npoBeneHHoe B 1987 r (fJuHaHcupoBaHue yClyi 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 B
pa3BUBalOlqUXC5I cmpaHax [JpOipaMMa perJ0pM
KacanOCh He3cpcpeKTHBHoCTH H HecnpaBennHBoro xapaKTepa pacxonoBaHHR rocynapcTBeHHhlx cpencTB Ha 3npaBooxpaHeHHe a TaK)Ke BonpocoB cpHHaHcHpoBaHHR TeKYWHX 3aTpaT
TeMa ponH rocynapcTBa 6hlna BHOBh 3aTpoHYTa B npyroM nOKYMeHTe naHKa no np06neMaM B 06naCTH 3TIH jJoKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu B 1993 i HHBecmuuu B
3iJpaBooxpaHeHue 3TOT nOKnaJ] Y)Ke OKa3an
3Ha4HTenhHoe BnHRHHe Ha BHyTpeHHHe H Me)KnYHaponHhle ne6aThI no BonpocaM nonHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR cTpaH C HH3KHMH H cpenHHMH noxonaMH H npHopHTeToB pa60ThI naHKa jJoKlaiJ
no pa3BumulO u 3alqUlne oKpYJKalOlqeu cpeiJbl (1992 r) llOKflall Om lleHmpalbHOiO flIaHUpOBaHU5I K
PblHKY (1996 r) H nOKJ1an POlb iOcyiJapcmea (1997 r) TaK)Ke 3aTparHBanH BonpochI ccpephI 3TIH
TIOMHMO 3THX KpynHhlx nOKYMeHToB H OT4eTOB naHK TaK)Ke ony6nHKoBan MHO)KeCTBO KHHr ClaTeH H pa604Hx nOKYMeHTOB no BonpocaM 3TIH - K KOHUY 1996 cpHHaHcoBoro rona 6hlno ony6nHKoBaHo 163 TaKHX pa60ThI TaK)Ke 6hln onp060BaH MeTon nonrOTOBKH He60nhll1HX HccnenoBaHHH 60nee Y3KOH cneUHanH3aUHH H MeHee noporocToRWHX a TaK)Ke npHBne4eHHe npyrHx OpraHH3aUHH K npoBeneHHIO HccnenoBaHHH no onpeneneHHoH TeMaTHKe (HanpHMep H CCleiJoBaHue M(fJK np06leM uHBecmupoBaHU51 B
15
IaCmHble 60lbHU4bl)
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16
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bull OpraHH38DHOHHhlH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR 06eCnelfeHHR peaJIHCTHIfHOH oueHKH HHCTHTYUUOHaJIhHOrO
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bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
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24
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
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25
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26
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27
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28
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29
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1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
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30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
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31
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32
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9
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12
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13
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14
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Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
npOipaMMbl (1970 i) U iJoKYMeHInbl no nolumuKe
COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
npOipaMMa (1973 i) no MepaM B 06naCTH
06ecne4eHHR nponoBonhcTBHeM H (B) [JOlumuKa B
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15
IaCmHble 60lbHU4bl)
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B nocnenHee BpeMSI Ha HccnenOBaHHSI H aHanH3 npofineM B ofinaCTH 3nH B KOHKpeTHblX cTpaHax e)KerOnHO BblnenSleTCSI H3 cpencTB 3aHMOB H KpenHToB npenOCTaBnSleMblX EaHKoM 50-75 MnH nonn CIIIA liTO COCTaBnSleT 5-6 OT Bcero OfibeMa KpenHTOBaHHSI SIBnSlSlCb KpynHblM HCTOllHHKOM IPHHaHcHpOBaHHSI HccnenOBaTenbCKHX pafioT B ofinaCTH 3nH npoBOnHMblX B cTpaHax-KnHeHTax
B cOCTaB OTnena EaHKa no CTpaTerHlIeCKHM HccnenOBaHHSIM BXOilSlT HeCKonbKO CneUHaflHCTOB no BonpocaM 3TIH 3a nocnenHHe ronbl )TOT OTnen npoBen PM HccnenoBaHHH B ofinaCTH 3nH H3pacXOnOBaB OKono 11 MnHnonnCIIIA HnH 8 ofilllero filOn)KeTa Ha HccnenOBaHHSI paBHOrO 145 MnHnonnCIIIA OnHoH H3 nocnenHHX KpynHblx pafioT KOTOPOH 3aHHManCSI )TOT OTnen fiblna nonrOTOBKa nOKnana no CflHJy U BonpocaM
pa3Bumu51 HccnenoBaTenbcKHH COBeT TaK)Ke OKa3bIBaeT nOnnep)KKY npOBeneHHIO HccnenOBaHHH B ofinaCTH 3nH Ha KOHKypCHOH OCHOBe
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pafiOTHHKOB cTpaH-KnHeHTOB OTBeTcTBeHHblx 3a 1P0pMHpOBaHHe nonHTHKH B clPepe 3nH UeHTp ofiYlIeHH5I H nHnepCTBa EaHKa 3aHHMaeTC51 nOBblweHHeM KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa rpynna 3nH SIBnSllOluaSlCSI lIaCTblO OfibenHHeHHSI cneUHanHCTOB EaHKa B ofinaCTH pa3BHTHSI COUHanbHblX pecypcoB fiblna C03naHa B 1996 r H B03r naBHna pafioTY no ynpaBneHHIO HHlPopMaUHeH B ofinaCTH 3nH Bce TpH rpynnbl Hcnonb3YlOT )neKTpOHHble TeXHonorHH H pa3BHBalOT napTHepcTBo nnSl MaKCHMH3aUHH )lPlPeKTHBHoCTH CBoeH pafioTbl
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30paBooXpaHeHUJI nonroToBneHHblH oceHblO 1997 OfibenHHeHHeM cneUHanHCTOB EaHKa B ofinaCTH COUHanbHblX pecypcoB H cOTpynHHKaMH H3P npH coneHCTBHH weCTH perHOHanbHblX HHCTHTYTOBshynapTHepoB CKOHueHTpHpOBaH Ha Bonpocax )KOHOMHKH nonHTHlieCKOH )KOHOMHH H HHCTHTYUHOHanbHblX npofineMax 3aHHMalOlllHX ueHTpanbHoe MeCTO B pelPopMax oTpacnH 3nH 3a npOlUenUIHe nsa rona B paMKax HenenbHoro nOBbllUeHHSI KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa npoBonHMoro UeHTpOM ofiYlleHHSI fiblna npOBeneHa HHTeHCHBHaSl nonrOTOBKa C ynopoM Ha Ba)KHeHIUHe Bonpocbl oTpacnH 3nH
Me)KnYHaponHble KOHlPepeHUHH H HaYllHble ceMHHapbl opraHH3yeMbie EaHKoM H JlPyrHMH opraHH3aUHRMH TaKJKe COJleHcTBYIOT nOBbllUeHHIO KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa H cTpaH-KnHeHToB EaHK npHHSIn YliaCTHe BO BceMHpHoM COBelllaHHH no BonpocaM neTCTBa npoBonHMoM K)HHCEltIgt B 1990 B HblO-HopKe B Me)KnYHapOnHOH napTHepcKoH BCTpelie no oxpaHe MaTepHHcTBa B BallIHHITOHe oKpyr KonYMfiHSI B 1991 B Me)KnYHaponHoH KOHlaquoPepeHuHH no BonpocaM HapOnoHaCeneHHSI H pa3BHTHSI B KaHpe B 1994 BO BceMHpHoH KOHlPepeHUHH no BonpocaM )KeHlllHH B ileKHHe B 1995 H B Me)KnYHaponHoH KOHlPepeHUHH no BonpocaM paHHero MaTepHHCTBa B ATnaHTe B 1996 TaK)Ke B 1997 r EaHK opraHH30Ban H npOBen Me)KnYHaponHYIO KOHlPepeHUHIO no IPHHaHcHpoBaHHIO 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI B BaIUHHITOHe oKpyr KonYMfiHSI
16
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3qIPeKTHBHOCTh Hcn011h30BaHHj cpenCTB
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nporpaMMaMH H B HX pea11H3aUHH KaK TO
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B 1970-1995 qHHaHcoBhIX ronax H npOllHe oueHKH
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pecypCHoro 06ecnelleHHj TaKOH nonxon He
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BK11an B HHCTHTYUHOHa11hHOe pa3BHTHe Ehl11H
BhljB11eHhl c11enYlOllUIe qaKTophl nOBI1HjBlllHe Ha
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npoeKToB B 0611acTH 3nH n011YllH11H peHTHHr
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Heynall OCTa11hHhIX npoeKToB OKa3a110Ch
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opraHH3aUHoHHoro aHa11H3a npone11aHHoro B xone
nonrOTOBKH npoeKTa a HMeHHO HeBHHMaHHe K
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pa3Mepa TeKYlllHx pacxonoB H HenOCTaTOllHoro
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pellleHHe Me)l(OTpaC11eBhIX BonpOCOB BK11lOlIaj
CHCTeMY rocynapCTBeHHOH C11Y)l(6hl PhlHOK
pa60lleH CH11hl nOTaUHH Ha nHTaHHe H n011HTHKY
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npoeKTOB B cqepe 3nH He06xonHMO OTMeTHTh
liTO HeCMOTpj Ha TO liTO aHa11H3 ponH
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21
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B oonaCTH 3nH nonYlfHnH Y1l0BneTBopHTenbHYIO
oueHKY no cpaBHeHHIO C 81 npoeKToB B oTpacnH
oopa30BaHHR H 58 npoeKToB B uenOM no BceMY
naHKY flHlllb HeKoTopbIe npoeKTbI npellocTaBHnH
OOneKTHBHYIO 1l0KYMeHTaUHIO 0 B0311dicTBHH
MeponpHRTHH npoeKTa Ha nOKa3aTenH 3110POBbR
HaceneHHR pO)KllaeMOCTH H nHTaHHR middot nOCKonbKY
BeCbMa TPYllHO COOTHeCTH npoHcxoMIUHe
H3MeHeHHR C B0311eHCTBHeM KOHKpeTHbIX
npoeKTHbIX MeponpHRTHH OTCne)KHBaIlHCb
nOKa3aTenH pecypcbIlnpoueccbIlpe3ynb-TaTbl a He
nocnellCTBHR OT npOBelleHHbIX MeponpHRTHH
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CHCTeMHbIX peqopMax BKnIOlfaR
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nHlllb He60nblllaR 1l0nR TaKHX npoeKToB ObU1a
3aBepllleHa rOIlOBOH 0630p pe3ynbTaToB pa60Tbi B
1996 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY nOKa3aIl ITO HenaBHO
HalfaTble npoeKTbl B 06naCTH 3nH HaXOllHnHCb Ha
80-OM cpellHeM ypOBHe naHKa no nOKa3aTen5IM
1l0CTH)KeHH5I 3allalf pa3BHTH5I H nporpecca B
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CTapeHHR KpellHTHoro nOpTqen5I H Hecnoc06HoCTb
HMeIOllleHC5I CHCTeMbl 0630poB npellOTBpaTHTh
TaKHe npo6neMbI nonee Toro B 1994-1996
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22
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naHKa H COOTHOllleHHH nepCOHaIla K ypOBHIO
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npOBeJleHHH 3aKynoK HCnOnh30BaHHH 3aeMHhIX
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3nH H OCMhIcneHHjJ HaKonneHHoro onhITa B
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npoeKTOB B CTpaHax C lgteJlepaTHBHOH CTpyKTypOH
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TpaCTOBhle lgtOHJlhI KOHcynhTaHTOB) Ha npoeKThI B
clgtepe 3nH 6hlno BhIJleneHO B KalJeCTBe KpeJlHTOB
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23
DpeAllaraeMhle nyTH AOCTH)KeHHB pe3YJIhTaTHBHOCTH npOeKTOB B OTpaCJIH 3DH
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bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
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24
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
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06eCneleHHe Heo6xOLlHMblMH MeLlHUHHCKHMH
ycnyraMH B cOBoKynHocTH C COOTBeTCTBYIOlUHM
nHTaHHeM H npolJHnaKTHleCKHMH
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Heo6xOLlHMO YlHTbIBaTb TpaLlHUHH H npHHsIThle
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25
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cnylJae ecnH MenHUHHCKoe YlJpe)KneHHe
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MellHUHHCKoro 06cnY)KHBaHHSI XOTSI H
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TpanHUHOHHble ceMeHHble KonneKTHBbl
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CTpaHaM Me)KnYHaponHoe coo6UleCTBO nOHopOB
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06pa30BaBllIHHCSI ne~HUHT B ~HHaHCHpOBaHHH
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BKnan B ynYlJllIeHHe COCTOSlHHSI 3nopOBbSl 6enHoro
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npHMeHeHHH Me)KnYHapOnHbiX HHHUHaTHB B
peanHSlX A~PHKH H nepenalJe HHHUHaTHBbl B pyKH
caMHX aqpHKaHCKHX rocynapCTB KaK B Bonpocax
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pa3BHTHSI COUHanbHblX pecypcoB CHH)KeHHSI
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26
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27
ClPephl B IaCTHhle PYKH H OKa)KeT COneHCTBHe B
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28
OCHOBHYIO TpeBory BhI3hlBaIOT B03LleHCTBHe H
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06naCTH 3nH nOLlKpenneHHe KpeLlHTOBaHHjI
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cOUHanhHoH 3aWHThl Llfljl pa3pa60TKH
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1enOBeleCKOrO KanHTana H npoH3BoLlHTenhHoCTH
TpyLla KOTophle MoryT 6hlTh BKnIOIeHhl B
aHanHTHIeCKYIO OCHOBY peKmteHLlaUHH
npeLlnaraeMhlx B Cnc PYKOBOLlCTBO naHK-a 6YLleT
BhI60pOlHO KOHTpOnHpOBaTh xOLl npoeKToB
pe3ynhTaThi pa60Thi CHCTeM 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H
nOKa3aTenH IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHjI oTpacnH B cTpaHax
KOTophle HMeIOT 60nee BhlCOKHH ypOBeHh pHcKa
DOAKpenJIeHHe KpeAHToBaHHB
aHaJIHTHQeCKOH paooToH H HCCJ1eAOBaHHBMH
nO Mepe TOro KaK naHK npOLlOn)KaeT
nepeHocHTh ynop B CBoeH LleBTenhHOCTH
IgtH3HIeCKHX aKTHBOB H pe3ynhTaToB Ha npouecc
He06xoLlHMO 3KcnepHMeHTHpoBaTh H
OCMhlcnHBaTh nonYleHHhlH onhlT llnB 3Toro
He06xoLlHMO TluaTenhHO pa3pa6aThiBaTh
3KcnepHMeHTanhHhie npoeKThl KOHTponHpoBaTh
HX peanH3aUHIO H aHanH3HpoBaTh pe3ynhTaThl a
TaK)Ke LlenaTh 60nhlllHH ynop Ha pa3pa60TKY H
KOHTpOnh 3a BhmonHeHHeM HccneLlOBaTenhCKHX
KOMnOHeHTOB HHBeCTHUHOHHhlX npoeKToB
CneLlyeT 06paTHTh 60nhlUe BHHMaHHB Ha
(a) Bonpochl pearHpOBaHHjI OTLlenhHhlX nHU H
ceMeH Ha ueHoBYIO nonHTHKY KaleCTBO LlocTyn
MeLlHUHHCKoro 06cnY)KHBaHHjI H oxpaHhl
3LlOPOBhjl HaCeneHHjI KOHKpeTHhle MepOnpHjlTHjI
COleTaHHe rocYLlapCTBaiaCTHoro ceKTopa H
pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
noompeHHe nHU H ceMeH 6paTh BCIO nonHoTY
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH Ha ce6j1 3a CBoe 3LlopOBhe H
YlaCTBOBaTh B npouecce npHHSITHjI pellleHHH (B)
H3YQeHHe lgtaKTopoB BnHjlIOIl(HX Ha pe3ynhTaThi
pa60Thi CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI BKnIOIajl
nonHTHIeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO pelgtopM ynpaBneHHe H
opraHH3aUHOHHhie acneKThl (r) H3YleHHe
npouecca 06eCneleHHjI YCTOHIHBoro ypOBHjI
IgtHHaHCHpoBaHHjI 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H cOBMellleHHjI
PHCKOB H Toro KaK Hcnonh30BaTh pe3ynhTaThl
nonYleHHhle B XOLle 0630pOB 3aTpaT Ha
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHe (HaceneHHjI H H3
rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
npeLlnpHsITHH) Llnjl onpeLleneHHjI OTpacneBhlX
npHopHTeTOB (pellleHHH 0 pacnpeLleneHHH
pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
OCMhicneHHe onhlTa pelgtOpMHpOBaHHjI CHCTeM
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHeM H
29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
BO-BTOPblX HeofixonHMO TpaTHTb 60nbllle
BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
ypOKOB B xone nnaHHpOBaHHSI H peanH3aUHH
npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
3neMeHTbl KOTopble ofieCnelJHBalOT
KalJeCTBeHHOCTb npoeKTa nYTeM npHMeHeHHSI
HMeIOIUHXCSI HHCTpYMeHTOB OTpacneBoro
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oueHKH nOTeHUHanbHoro pHCKa Eonbllle BpeMeHH
HeofixonHMO ynenSITb anpofiaUHH HOBblX
nonxonoB BKnlOlJaSl IllHpOKOMaCllITafiHble
OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
npHeMneMoro cpOKa Y CHnHSI fiynyT
npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
npHBepJKeHHOCTH K BblfipaHHOH nonHTHKe npH
CMeHe npaBHTenbCTB HHCTHTYUHOHanbHoe
npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
B-TpeTbHX fiyneT onpofiOBaH fionee
rHfiKHH H IllHpOKHH Ha60p HHCTpYMeHTOB
KpenHTOBaHHSI JrO npenYCMaTpHBaeT fionbillee
Hcnonb30BaHHe IllHpoKHX OTpacneBblX nonXonOB H
3aHMOB MSI nOnnepJKKH CHCTeMHblX pecpopM
HOBblX MHKPO MHHH H ananTHpOBaHHblX
HHBeCTHUHOHHblX 3aHMOB no Mepe HX HanHlJHSI
Hcnonb30BaHHe fionee MenKHX H HHHOBaUHOHHblX
3aHMOB nOMOJKeT H3fieJKaTb CnOJKHblX
nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
nOKYMeHTaUHH
YlJHTblBaSl BaJKHOCTb KalJeCTBeHHOrO
npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
fiynyT npOBOnHTbCSI onpOCbl HaCeneHHSI nnSl
BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
EaHKa Ha pa3BHTHe
KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
B 3TOH ccpepe COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHe pafiOTbl CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H HX cpHHaHCHpOBaHHSI EaHKY
HeofixonHMO npHHSITb Mepbl no YKpenneHHIO
cofiCTBeHHoro nOTeHUHana H nOTeHUHana
3aeMIUHKOB no npoBeneHHIO MOHHTopHHra H
aHanH3a nporpecca B nOCTHJKeHHH nOCTaBneHHblX
3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
HHcpopMaUHSI ofi OCHOBHblX npofineMax B ccpepe
3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
ypoBHeM noxona H perHoHaM B KOTOPblX
3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
3KOHOMHlJeCKHX H npOlJHX COUHanbHblX
neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
CHCTeM 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H npOlJHX naHHblX
YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
nepelJeHb nOKa3aTeneH MSI oueHKH
pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
Hcnonb30BaHHSI Ha rrpaKTHKe (npH3HaHHe
B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
peCTpYKTYpH3aUHlO HMeIOIUerOCSI KpellHTHOrO
nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
EaHKOM KOHTpOJl~ H oueHKH HX peaJlH3aUHH H
(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
EyneT YKpenJleHO cOTpynHH-IecTBo EaHKa
C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
6yneT npOnOJlJKaTb OKa3bIBaTb nOnnepJKKY
HenaBHO C03naHHOMY MeJKnYHaponHOMY IgtOPYMY
no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
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11
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12
3npaBooxpaHeHHe cocTasnmoT 3HalfHTenbHYlO nOnlO HaUHOHanbHOro nponyKTa H pecypCOB XOTSI KOHKpeTHOrO npenena Ha 3npaBOoxpaHeHHe He YCTaHOBneHO H3BeCTHO IfTO ecnH ofiJlUie paCXOllb1 Ha 3npasooxpaHeHHe npeBbllllalOT 6-7 BBn HnH ecnH OHH paCTyT fiblCTPblMH TeMnaMH TO eCTb onaCHOCTb B03HHKHOBeHHSI npofineM filOJUKeTHOrO xapaKTepa Bo MHorHX cTpaHax 3HalfHTenbHbie filOJUKeTHble cpenCTBa HanpaBnSlIOTCSI Ha cpHHaHCHpOBaHHe He3cpcpeKTHBHbIX ycnyr JlflSl MeHblllHHCTBa HaCeneHHSI B TO BpeMSl KaK fionblllHHCTBO HaCeneHHSI He HMeeT nOCTyna K fia30BOMY MenHUHHCKOMY 06cnY)KHBaHHIO B TOM cnylfae Korna TpefiyeTcSI HananHTb KOHTponb 3a pacXonaMH B paCnOpSI)KeHHH npasHTenbCTB MoryT fibITb TpH BapHaHTa nonHTHKH
bull Cnep)KHBaHHe poCTa pacxonOB B
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bull PerynHpoBaHHe lfaCTHOrO ceKTopa OTKa3 OT Hcnonb30BaHHSI KOMneHCHpYlOlliero CTpaXOBaHHSI H nooIUpeHHe nonYllieBoH onnaTbI a He 3a ycnyry
bull YKpenneHHSI KOHTponSl H CHCTeMbI OTCne)KHBaHHSI 3aTpalfeHHbiX rocynapcTBeHHbIX cpenCTB (Hcnonb3YSl ClfeTa 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI)
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bull 06ecnelfeHHe 3HalfHTenbHoro npeBblllleHHSI ypOBHSI nOCTynneHHH H3 Bcex HCTOIfHHKOB Han O)KHnaeMbiM ofiIUHM ypOBHeM pacxonoB (3-5) nOCTaTOIfHOrO nnSl nOKpbITHSI pacxonoB Ha
aMopTH3aUHlO H o6cnY)KHBaHHe npHMeHeHHe caHKUHH K ofipa30BaHHlObull necpHUHTa filOJUKeTa H HaKonneHHIO
HenorallleHHblX nonrOB H
bull BblneneHHe fionblllOH nonH filOJUKeTHblX
cpenCTB Ha 3cpcpeKTHBHbie MepOnpHSITHSI
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13
rnABA II
POJIh EAHKA PACIlIHPEHHE YQACTHR H OCMhICJIEHHE ODhITA
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KaKHe ltJaKTopbI no MHeHHIO pa3BHBaIOmHXC~ CTpaH HeooxOAHMbI An~ ynyqllIeHH~ cltJepbl 3n8
EOnhll1HHCTBO CTpaH YTBep)KnaeT lJTO nn~ pell1eHH~ npo6neM B clgtepe 3nH HcnhlThIBaeMhlX 6enHhlMH cnO~MH HaceneHH~ a TaK)Ke nn~
nOBhlll1eHH~ ypOBH~ MenHUHHCKHX ycnyr H 06eCnelJeHH~ YCTOHlfHBoro H npHeMneMOrO ypOBH~ IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ HM Heo6xonHMa nOMOIUh Me)KnYHaponHoro coo6IUeCTBa B BHne nepenalfH onhlTa KOHKpeTHhlX KOHcynhTaUHH COBeTOB H IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~
OnHaKO pearHpOBaHHe Ha 3anpOCbl KnHeHTOB B OTpacnH 3nH neno BeChMa HenpOCToe Bo-nepBhIX Heo6xonHMO cornaCOBaTh pa3Hoo6pa3Hhie H pa3nHlfalOIUHec~ MHeHH~
3aHHTepeCOBaHHhiX rpynn - KnHeHTOB EaHKa (KaK npaBHno MHHHCTPOB 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ H IgtHHaHCOB) MeCTHOrG HaceneHH~
npOH3BonHTeneH ycnyr H CTpaXOBhlX KOMnaHHH nOTpe6HTeneH (naUHeHTOB 6enHhiX cnoeB HaceneHH~ )KeHIUHH neTeH H npyrHx y~3BHMhIX rpynn) H npOlfHX napTHepoB B nene pa3BHTH~
BO-BTOPhIX MHorHe CTpaHhl HcnhlThIBalOT npo6neMhi B 06naCTH 3nH Bh13BaHHhle npOBeneHHeM B )KH3Hh HeBepHhlX CTpaTerHH TaK)Ke MHorHe npaBHTenhCTBa He CMornH peanH30BaTh nOTeHUHan npaBHnhHOH nonHTHKH H Hcnonh30BaTh Herocy napCTBeHHhle
pecypchl 31gtIgteKTHBHhiM 06pa30M He6onhll1He H3MeHeHH~ B nOKa3aTen~x MoryT 3aHRTh OT 10 no 15 neT - CPOK npeBhlll1alOIUHH nOnHOMOlJH~ MHorHX npaBHTenhcTB H HX npHBep)KeHHOCTh pelgt0pMaM
H nocnenHee Korna IgtHHaHcoB~ nOMOIUh OTpacnH 3nH nocTynaeT B BHne KpenHToB H 3aHMoB TaKa~ cTpaTerH~ nOn)KHa 6hlTh TIUaTenhHO c6anaHcHpoBaHa C oTnalfeH KOTopa~ MO)KeT 6hlTh nonYlfeHa OT TaKHX HHBecTHUHH B cpenHecpolfHoH nepcneKTHBe H H3nep)KKaMH HepeanH30BaHHhix B03MO)KHOCTeH KOTophle MornH 6hl OTKPhIThC~ npH HHBecTHpoBaHHH B Te o6naCTH 3KOHOMHKH KOTophle BnH~IOT Ha clgtepy 3nH
Ponb MegtKAYHapoAHoro CoOomeCTBa
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EaHK pa60TaeT B cOTpynHHlfecTBe CO MHorHMH Me)KnYHapOnHhIMH opraHH3aUH~MH
(ltDAO MOT CnH)l OOH npOOH ltD)lHOOH B03) perHoHanhHhlMH 6aHKaMH (AEP AIgtEP EEPP H MEP) EC nBycTopOHHHMH opraHH3aUH~MH H HfO H lJaCTHhlM ceKTopoM 3a nocnenHee BpeM~ cOTpynHHlJeCTBO H napTHepcTBo co MHorHMH opraHH3aUH~MH y nYlJll1HnOCh onHaKO eIUe MHoroe npencToHT cnenaTh Ha 3TOM nyTH
CHnhHhlMH cTopoHaMH EaHKa ~Bn~IOTC~ aKKYMynHpoBaHHe B ce6e onhlTa H 3HaHH~
MHpOBoro coo6IUecTBa nonxon K npo6neMaM Ka)KnOH OTnenhHoH cTpaHhl MaKpo3KOHOMHlJeCKOH H MHorooTpacneBoH TOlJeK
14
C
3peHHR a TaK)Ke cnoc06HOCTh M06HnH30BaTh KpynHhle cpHHaHCOBhle pecypchI (nH60 HenocpenCTBeHHO nH60 nYTeM napTHepCTB) B Bonpocax npenOCTaBneHHR TeXHH4eCKOH nOMOWH B KOHKpeTHhIX 06naCTRX OTpacnH 3I1H KaK TO 60ph6a C 3a60neBaHHRMH naHK nonaraeTCR Ha coneHCTBHe cneUHanH3HpOBaHHhIX Y4pe)KneHHH OOH H npyrHx Me)KnYHaponHhIX napTHepOB
YqaCTlle liaHKa B ccJepe 3TIH
Ponh naHKa B ccpepe 3flH B Te4eHHe npOll1nhIX 25 neT CTana onHHM H3 npHMepOB paCll1HpeHHR Y4aCTHR H HaKonneHHR onhITa B nByx Ba)KHhIX acneKTax
bull Bo-nepBhIX naHK BHec CBOH BKnan B HaKonneHHe H pacnpOCTpaHeHHe MHpOBoro onhITa no BonpocaM 3TIH nYTeM npOBeneHHR MHPOBhIX H perHOHanhHhIX H3Y4eHHH HccnenOBaHHH H aHanH3a H 06MeHa onhITOM C npyrHMH Me)KnYHaponHhIMH opraHH3aUHRMH
bull BO-BTOPhIX BoopY)KeHHhIH 3HaHHRMH HaKonneHHhIMH B xone CBoeH neRTenhHOCTH naHK Hrpan ponh KaTanH3aTopa B ocywecTBneHHH He06xonHMhIX npe06pa30BaHHH nYTeM nepena4H CTpaHaM KpenHTOB H np04HX MeponpHRTHH HeKpellHTHoro xapaKTepa (H3naraeMhIX nanee)
IIonyqeHHe H paCilpOCTpaHeHHe r no6anhHhIX 3HaHHH
TIepeKpeCTHhle HccnenOBaHHR
MHorHe npenhIJlYWHe HccnenOBaHHR naHKa B OTpacnH 3TIH 6hlnH cocpenOT04eHhI Ha ponH rocynapCTBa H Herocy napCTBeHHoro ceKTopa B 06ecne4eHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH ManoHMywero HaceneHHR B ycnyrax ccpephI 3TIH B pa60Te CHCTeMhI 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H 06ecne4eHHH YCTOH4HBoro cpHHaHCHpOBaHHR
Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
npOipaMMbl (1970 i) U iJoKYMeHInbl no nolumuKe
COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
npOipaMMa (1973 i) no MepaM B 06naCTH
06ecne4eHHR nponoBonhcTBHeM H (B) [JOlumuKa B
o6lacmu 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU5I (1975)
jJOKYMeHm no nOlumuKe B o6lacmu
3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 (1980 i) RBnRnCR nepBoH nonhITKOH 060CHOBaTh HHBeCTHUHH naHKa B oTpacnh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H CBR3h Me)Kny 3npaBooxpaHeHHeM HCKopeHeHHeM 6enHocTH H nnaHHpoBaHHeM ceMhH Omtem 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu coualbHblX pecypCOB (1980 r) nponeMoHcTpHpoBan Ba)KHOCTh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR HapRny C 06pa30BaHHeM H cOUHanhHoH 3aWHToH nnR cTpaTerHH HCKopeHeHHR 6enHocTH
jJOKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM pa3Bumuu 1984 i
HapoiJoHaCeleHUe u pa3Bumue non4epKHYn ponh rocynapcTBa B CHH)KeHHH ypoBHeH cMepTHocTH H pO)KnaeMocTH I1ccnenoBaHHe npoBeneHHoe B 1987 r (fJuHaHcupoBaHue yClyi 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 B
pa3BUBalOlqUXC5I cmpaHax [JpOipaMMa perJ0pM
KacanOCh He3cpcpeKTHBHoCTH H HecnpaBennHBoro xapaKTepa pacxonoBaHHR rocynapcTBeHHhlx cpencTB Ha 3npaBooxpaHeHHe a TaK)Ke BonpocoB cpHHaHcHpoBaHHR TeKYWHX 3aTpaT
TeMa ponH rocynapcTBa 6hlna BHOBh 3aTpoHYTa B npyroM nOKYMeHTe naHKa no np06neMaM B 06naCTH 3TIH jJoKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu B 1993 i HHBecmuuu B
3iJpaBooxpaHeHue 3TOT nOKnaJ] Y)Ke OKa3an
3Ha4HTenhHoe BnHRHHe Ha BHyTpeHHHe H Me)KnYHaponHhle ne6aThI no BonpocaM nonHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR cTpaH C HH3KHMH H cpenHHMH noxonaMH H npHopHTeToB pa60ThI naHKa jJoKlaiJ
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15
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23
DpeAllaraeMhle nyTH AOCTH)KeHHB pe3YJIhTaTHBHOCTH npOeKTOB B OTpaCJIH 3DH
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bull PaCWHpeHHe YIaCTHB CTPaHhlmiddot38eM~HKa B nOnrOTOBKe npoeKTa bullbull JIJUI paClllHpeHHR BnaJleHHR
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bull OTpaCJIeBOH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR nOnYlfeHHR HHCPOPMauHH no H3yqaeMhiM npo6neMaM H BapHaHTaM HX
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bull 3KOHOMHIeCKHH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR Bhl60pa OnTHMaJIhHOrO BapHaHTa C YlfeTOM H3Jlep)KeK H B03JleHCTBHR
bull OpraHH38DHOHHhlH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR 06eCnelfeHHR peaJIHCTHIfHOH oueHKH HHCTHTYUUOHaJIhHOrO
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bull AHaJIH3 YCTOHIHBOCTH -- IlIUI oueHKH cpHHaHCOBOH )KH3Hecnoc06HOCTH PHCKOB H aJIbTepHaTHB
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bull Hcnonb30BaHHe 60nee WHpOKoro Ha60pa KpenHTHhlX HHCTpYMeHTOB
bull YIeT AeueUTpaJIB30BaUHoro xapaKTepa COUHaJIhHhlX CeKTOpOB
bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
bull BHeceHHe H3MeHeHHH B npaBHJIa npOBeAeHHSI 3aKynoK B COUHaJIbHOH c4lepe H 60nbllIruI fH6KOCTb B HX
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CHCTeMhl CTHMynHpoBaHHSI Tpyna H HaHMa nyIWHx pa60THHKOB
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24
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
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npOLlOn)f(aTh LlenaTb ynop Ha Heo6xOLlHMOCTb B
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06eCneleHHe Heo6xOLlHMblMH MeLlHUHHCKHMH
ycnyraMH B cOBoKynHocTH C COOTBeTCTBYIOlUHM
nHTaHHeM H npolJHnaKTHleCKHMH
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25
naUHeHTOB-)KeHlllHH nOnYlJaTb nelJeHHe Y
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MellHUHHCKoro 06cnY)KHBaHHSI XOTSI H
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3KcnepTHaSl rpynna no Y JIyIUJeHUIO 300POBb$l B
cmpaHax ArjJPUKU OKa3bIBalOT nOMOIUb B
npHMeHeHHH Me)KnYHapOnHbiX HHHUHaTHB B
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pa3BHTHSI COUHanbHblX pecypcoB CHH)KeHHSI
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26
3IPIPeKTUBHhlMU KaqeCTBeHHhlMU U
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nnaHHpoBaHHjI B paMKax DaHKa 60nee TeCHhle
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27
ClPephl B IaCTHhle PYKH H OKa)KeT COneHCTBHe B
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28
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29
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llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
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30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
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31
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32
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33
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9
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10
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11
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12
3npaBooxpaHeHHe cocTasnmoT 3HalfHTenbHYlO nOnlO HaUHOHanbHOro nponyKTa H pecypCOB XOTSI KOHKpeTHOrO npenena Ha 3npaBOoxpaHeHHe He YCTaHOBneHO H3BeCTHO IfTO ecnH ofiJlUie paCXOllb1 Ha 3npasooxpaHeHHe npeBbllllalOT 6-7 BBn HnH ecnH OHH paCTyT fiblCTPblMH TeMnaMH TO eCTb onaCHOCTb B03HHKHOBeHHSI npofineM filOJUKeTHOrO xapaKTepa Bo MHorHX cTpaHax 3HalfHTenbHbie filOJUKeTHble cpenCTBa HanpaBnSlIOTCSI Ha cpHHaHCHpOBaHHe He3cpcpeKTHBHbIX ycnyr JlflSl MeHblllHHCTBa HaCeneHHSI B TO BpeMSl KaK fionblllHHCTBO HaCeneHHSI He HMeeT nOCTyna K fia30BOMY MenHUHHCKOMY 06cnY)KHBaHHIO B TOM cnylfae Korna TpefiyeTcSI HananHTb KOHTponb 3a pacXonaMH B paCnOpSI)KeHHH npasHTenbCTB MoryT fibITb TpH BapHaHTa nonHTHKH
bull Cnep)KHBaHHe poCTa pacxonOB B
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bull PerynHpoBaHHe lfaCTHOrO ceKTopa OTKa3 OT Hcnonb30BaHHSI KOMneHCHpYlOlliero CTpaXOBaHHSI H nooIUpeHHe nonYllieBoH onnaTbI a He 3a ycnyry
bull YKpenneHHSI KOHTponSl H CHCTeMbI OTCne)KHBaHHSI 3aTpalfeHHbiX rocynapcTBeHHbIX cpenCTB (Hcnonb3YSl ClfeTa 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI)
YnyllUeHUe 6JOiJJKenmoii npaKmuKu U pacnpeoeleHuJ pecypcoB K CO)KaneHHIO B fionbllloM KOnHlfeCTBe cTpaH C HH3KHM H cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona OnHa H3 KnlOlfeBbIX npofineM cpHHaHcHpOBaHHSI 3npasooxpaHeHHSI - 3TO HH HeXBaTKa HeofixonHMblx pecypcoB H HH paCTYIUHe pacxonbl a HeynoBneTBopHTenbHaSl filOn)KeTHaSI npaKTHKa nOpO)KnalOIUaSI npHBbIIfKy necpHUHTHoro IPHHaHcHpoBaHHSI H pacnpeneneHHSI cKynHblx pecypcoB Ha He3cpcpeKTHBHoe nelfeHHe TPH CTpaTerHH MoryT nOMOlfb CTpaHaM cfianaHcHpoBaTb filOn)KeT
bull 06ecnelfeHHe 3HalfHTenbHoro npeBblllleHHSI ypOBHSI nOCTynneHHH H3 Bcex HCTOIfHHKOB Han O)KHnaeMbiM ofiIUHM ypOBHeM pacxonoB (3-5) nOCTaTOIfHOrO nnSl nOKpbITHSI pacxonoB Ha
aMopTH3aUHlO H o6cnY)KHBaHHe npHMeHeHHe caHKUHH K ofipa30BaHHlObull necpHUHTa filOJUKeTa H HaKonneHHIO
HenorallleHHblX nonrOB H
bull BblneneHHe fionblllOH nonH filOJUKeTHblX
cpenCTB Ha 3cpcpeKTHBHbie MepOnpHSITHSI
y nYlflllalOJlUie nOKa3aTenH
Ponb EaHKa B OKa3aHHH nOMOlUH cTpaHaM B pellleHHH naHHblX BonpocoB H npoBeneHHH HeofixonHMblx npeofipa30BaHHH H3naraeTCSI B rnaBe 2
13
rnABA II
POJIh EAHKA PACIlIHPEHHE YQACTHR H OCMhICJIEHHE ODhITA
060CHOBaHue yqaCTUR EaHKa B ccjJepe 3DH
HHBeCTHUHH B moneH HaxonRTC~ B ueHTpe CTpaTerHH pa3BHTH~ KOTOPOH 6yneT cnenOBaTh BceMHpHhlH EaHK npH nepexone B 21-H BeK 3TO rOBopHT 0 npH3HaHHH Toro lgtaKTa ITO HH OnHa CTpaHa He MO)KeT 06eCnelJHTh YCTOHlfHBhlH 3KOHOMHlfeCKHH POCT HnH CHH3HTh ypOBeHh 6enHOCTH amp3 3nopOBoro XOP01l10 nHTaIOIUerOC~ H 06pa30BaHHoro HaceneHH~
KaKHe ltJaKTopbI no MHeHHIO pa3BHBaIOmHXC~ CTpaH HeooxOAHMbI An~ ynyqllIeHH~ cltJepbl 3n8
EOnhll1HHCTBO CTpaH YTBep)KnaeT lJTO nn~ pell1eHH~ npo6neM B clgtepe 3nH HcnhlThIBaeMhlX 6enHhlMH cnO~MH HaceneHH~ a TaK)Ke nn~
nOBhlll1eHH~ ypOBH~ MenHUHHCKHX ycnyr H 06eCnelJeHH~ YCTOHlfHBoro H npHeMneMOrO ypOBH~ IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ HM Heo6xonHMa nOMOIUh Me)KnYHaponHoro coo6IUeCTBa B BHne nepenalfH onhlTa KOHKpeTHhlX KOHcynhTaUHH COBeTOB H IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~
OnHaKO pearHpOBaHHe Ha 3anpOCbl KnHeHTOB B OTpacnH 3nH neno BeChMa HenpOCToe Bo-nepBhIX Heo6xonHMO cornaCOBaTh pa3Hoo6pa3Hhie H pa3nHlfalOIUHec~ MHeHH~
3aHHTepeCOBaHHhiX rpynn - KnHeHTOB EaHKa (KaK npaBHno MHHHCTPOB 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ H IgtHHaHCOB) MeCTHOrG HaceneHH~
npOH3BonHTeneH ycnyr H CTpaXOBhlX KOMnaHHH nOTpe6HTeneH (naUHeHTOB 6enHhiX cnoeB HaceneHH~ )KeHIUHH neTeH H npyrHx y~3BHMhIX rpynn) H npOlfHX napTHepoB B nene pa3BHTH~
BO-BTOPhIX MHorHe CTpaHhl HcnhlThIBalOT npo6neMhi B 06naCTH 3nH Bh13BaHHhle npOBeneHHeM B )KH3Hh HeBepHhlX CTpaTerHH TaK)Ke MHorHe npaBHTenhCTBa He CMornH peanH30BaTh nOTeHUHan npaBHnhHOH nonHTHKH H Hcnonh30BaTh Herocy napCTBeHHhle
pecypchl 31gtIgteKTHBHhiM 06pa30M He6onhll1He H3MeHeHH~ B nOKa3aTen~x MoryT 3aHRTh OT 10 no 15 neT - CPOK npeBhlll1alOIUHH nOnHOMOlJH~ MHorHX npaBHTenhcTB H HX npHBep)KeHHOCTh pelgt0pMaM
H nocnenHee Korna IgtHHaHcoB~ nOMOIUh OTpacnH 3nH nocTynaeT B BHne KpenHToB H 3aHMoB TaKa~ cTpaTerH~ nOn)KHa 6hlTh TIUaTenhHO c6anaHcHpoBaHa C oTnalfeH KOTopa~ MO)KeT 6hlTh nonYlfeHa OT TaKHX HHBecTHUHH B cpenHecpolfHoH nepcneKTHBe H H3nep)KKaMH HepeanH30BaHHhix B03MO)KHOCTeH KOTophle MornH 6hl OTKPhIThC~ npH HHBecTHpoBaHHH B Te o6naCTH 3KOHOMHKH KOTophle BnH~IOT Ha clgtepy 3nH
Ponb MegtKAYHapoAHoro CoOomeCTBa
HH onHa H3 Me)KnYHaponHhlx opraHH3aUHH B OTnenhHOCTH He MO)KeT pell1HTh CnO)KHhle npo6neMhl HaKOnHBll1HeC~ B clgtepe 3nH 3TO oco6eHHO BepHO ceHlfac Korna ypOBeHh HHOCTpaHHOH nOMOIUH pa3BHBaIOIUHMC~ CTpaHaM npenOCTaBn~eMhlH 60raTeHlllHMH crpaHaMH MHpa CHH3HnCSI no 03 HX COBMeCTHoro BBfI - caMbIH HH3KHH ypoBeHh 3a 20 neT
EaHK pa60TaeT B cOTpynHHlfecTBe CO MHorHMH Me)KnYHapOnHhIMH opraHH3aUH~MH
(ltDAO MOT CnH)l OOH npOOH ltD)lHOOH B03) perHoHanhHhlMH 6aHKaMH (AEP AIgtEP EEPP H MEP) EC nBycTopOHHHMH opraHH3aUH~MH H HfO H lJaCTHhlM ceKTopoM 3a nocnenHee BpeM~ cOTpynHHlJeCTBO H napTHepcTBo co MHorHMH opraHH3aUH~MH y nYlJll1HnOCh onHaKO eIUe MHoroe npencToHT cnenaTh Ha 3TOM nyTH
CHnhHhlMH cTopoHaMH EaHKa ~Bn~IOTC~ aKKYMynHpoBaHHe B ce6e onhlTa H 3HaHH~
MHpOBoro coo6IUecTBa nonxon K npo6neMaM Ka)KnOH OTnenhHoH cTpaHhl MaKpo3KOHOMHlJeCKOH H MHorooTpacneBoH TOlJeK
14
C
3peHHR a TaK)Ke cnoc06HOCTh M06HnH30BaTh KpynHhle cpHHaHCOBhle pecypchI (nH60 HenocpenCTBeHHO nH60 nYTeM napTHepCTB) B Bonpocax npenOCTaBneHHR TeXHH4eCKOH nOMOWH B KOHKpeTHhIX 06naCTRX OTpacnH 3I1H KaK TO 60ph6a C 3a60neBaHHRMH naHK nonaraeTCR Ha coneHCTBHe cneUHanH3HpOBaHHhIX Y4pe)KneHHH OOH H npyrHx Me)KnYHaponHhIX napTHepOB
YqaCTlle liaHKa B ccJepe 3TIH
Ponh naHKa B ccpepe 3flH B Te4eHHe npOll1nhIX 25 neT CTana onHHM H3 npHMepOB paCll1HpeHHR Y4aCTHR H HaKonneHHR onhITa B nByx Ba)KHhIX acneKTax
bull Bo-nepBhIX naHK BHec CBOH BKnan B HaKonneHHe H pacnpOCTpaHeHHe MHpOBoro onhITa no BonpocaM 3TIH nYTeM npOBeneHHR MHPOBhIX H perHOHanhHhIX H3Y4eHHH HccnenOBaHHH H aHanH3a H 06MeHa onhITOM C npyrHMH Me)KnYHaponHhIMH opraHH3aUHRMH
bull BO-BTOPhIX BoopY)KeHHhIH 3HaHHRMH HaKonneHHhIMH B xone CBoeH neRTenhHOCTH naHK Hrpan ponh KaTanH3aTopa B ocywecTBneHHH He06xonHMhIX npe06pa30BaHHH nYTeM nepena4H CTpaHaM KpenHTOB H np04HX MeponpHRTHH HeKpellHTHoro xapaKTepa (H3naraeMhIX nanee)
IIonyqeHHe H paCilpOCTpaHeHHe r no6anhHhIX 3HaHHH
TIepeKpeCTHhle HccnenOBaHHR
MHorHe npenhIJlYWHe HccnenOBaHHR naHKa B OTpacnH 3TIH 6hlnH cocpenOT04eHhI Ha ponH rocynapCTBa H Herocy napCTBeHHoro ceKTopa B 06ecne4eHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH ManoHMywero HaceneHHR B ycnyrax ccpephI 3TIH B pa60Te CHCTeMhI 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H 06ecne4eHHH YCTOH4HBoro cpHHaHCHpOBaHHR
Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
npOipaMMbl (1970 i) U iJoKYMeHInbl no nolumuKe
COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
npOipaMMa (1973 i) no MepaM B 06naCTH
06ecne4eHHR nponoBonhcTBHeM H (B) [JOlumuKa B
o6lacmu 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU5I (1975)
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15
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23
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24
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25
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MHHHCTepCTBaMH 3JlpaBOOXpaHeHHjI HO H C
MHHHCTepcTBaMH 3aHHMaIOll(HMHCjI BonpocaMH
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27
ClPephl B IaCTHhle PYKH H OKa)KeT COneHCTBHe B
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nOAAepgtKaHHSI 3qJqJeKTHBHoro
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nOKa3hlBaeT ITO rocynapCTBO nOn)KHO HrpaTh
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BcnenCTBHe OhlCTPOrO pOCTa 1HCna npoeKTOB
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28
OCHOBHYIO TpeBory BhI3hlBaIOT B03LleHCTBHe H
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CTpaTerHIeCKYIO HanpaBneHHOCTh nonHTHKH B
06naCTH 3nH nOLlKpenneHHe KpeLlHTOBaHHjI
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1pe3BhllaHHO Ba)KHO coCpeLlOTOlHTh KOHKpeTHhle
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cOUHanhHoH 3aWHThl Llfljl pa3pa60TKH
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aHanHTHIeCKYIO OCHOBY peKmteHLlaUHH
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aHaJIHTHQeCKOH paooToH H HCCJ1eAOBaHHBMH
nO Mepe TOro KaK naHK npOLlOn)KaeT
nepeHocHTh ynop B CBoeH LleBTenhHOCTH
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He06xoLlHMO 3KcnepHMeHTHpoBaTh H
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pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
noompeHHe nHU H ceMeH 6paTh BCIO nonHoTY
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rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
npeLlnpHsITHH) Llnjl onpeLleneHHjI OTpacneBhlX
npHopHTeTOB (pellleHHH 0 pacnpeLleneHHH
pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
OCMhicneHHe onhlTa pelgtOpMHpOBaHHjI CHCTeM
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
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29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
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KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
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ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
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npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
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npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
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KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
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31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
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nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
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32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
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33
bull nOBbUUeHUe 3centcenteKmUBHOCmU 60Pb6bl C norOHe 3a npH6hlnhIO rOTOB OKa3aTh XOT5I H
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10
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11
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12
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bull Cnep)KHBaHHe poCTa pacxonOB B
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bull PerynHpoBaHHe lfaCTHOrO ceKTopa OTKa3 OT Hcnonb30BaHHSI KOMneHCHpYlOlliero CTpaXOBaHHSI H nooIUpeHHe nonYllieBoH onnaTbI a He 3a ycnyry
bull YKpenneHHSI KOHTponSl H CHCTeMbI OTCne)KHBaHHSI 3aTpalfeHHbiX rocynapcTBeHHbIX cpenCTB (Hcnonb3YSl ClfeTa 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI)
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13
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3aHHTepeCOBaHHhiX rpynn - KnHeHTOB EaHKa (KaK npaBHno MHHHCTPOB 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ H IgtHHaHCOB) MeCTHOrG HaceneHH~
npOH3BonHTeneH ycnyr H CTpaXOBhlX KOMnaHHH nOTpe6HTeneH (naUHeHTOB 6enHhiX cnoeB HaceneHH~ )KeHIUHH neTeH H npyrHx y~3BHMhIX rpynn) H npOlfHX napTHepoB B nene pa3BHTH~
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pecypchl 31gtIgteKTHBHhiM 06pa30M He6onhll1He H3MeHeHH~ B nOKa3aTen~x MoryT 3aHRTh OT 10 no 15 neT - CPOK npeBhlll1alOIUHH nOnHOMOlJH~ MHorHX npaBHTenhcTB H HX npHBep)KeHHOCTh pelgt0pMaM
H nocnenHee Korna IgtHHaHcoB~ nOMOIUh OTpacnH 3nH nocTynaeT B BHne KpenHToB H 3aHMoB TaKa~ cTpaTerH~ nOn)KHa 6hlTh TIUaTenhHO c6anaHcHpoBaHa C oTnalfeH KOTopa~ MO)KeT 6hlTh nonYlfeHa OT TaKHX HHBecTHUHH B cpenHecpolfHoH nepcneKTHBe H H3nep)KKaMH HepeanH30BaHHhix B03MO)KHOCTeH KOTophle MornH 6hl OTKPhIThC~ npH HHBecTHpoBaHHH B Te o6naCTH 3KOHOMHKH KOTophle BnH~IOT Ha clgtepy 3nH
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EaHK pa60TaeT B cOTpynHHlfecTBe CO MHorHMH Me)KnYHapOnHhIMH opraHH3aUH~MH
(ltDAO MOT CnH)l OOH npOOH ltD)lHOOH B03) perHoHanhHhlMH 6aHKaMH (AEP AIgtEP EEPP H MEP) EC nBycTopOHHHMH opraHH3aUH~MH H HfO H lJaCTHhlM ceKTopoM 3a nocnenHee BpeM~ cOTpynHHlJeCTBO H napTHepcTBo co MHorHMH opraHH3aUH~MH y nYlJll1HnOCh onHaKO eIUe MHoroe npencToHT cnenaTh Ha 3TOM nyTH
CHnhHhlMH cTopoHaMH EaHKa ~Bn~IOTC~ aKKYMynHpoBaHHe B ce6e onhlTa H 3HaHH~
MHpOBoro coo6IUecTBa nonxon K npo6neMaM Ka)KnOH OTnenhHoH cTpaHhl MaKpo3KOHOMHlJeCKOH H MHorooTpacneBoH TOlJeK
14
C
3peHHR a TaK)Ke cnoc06HOCTh M06HnH30BaTh KpynHhle cpHHaHCOBhle pecypchI (nH60 HenocpenCTBeHHO nH60 nYTeM napTHepCTB) B Bonpocax npenOCTaBneHHR TeXHH4eCKOH nOMOWH B KOHKpeTHhIX 06naCTRX OTpacnH 3I1H KaK TO 60ph6a C 3a60neBaHHRMH naHK nonaraeTCR Ha coneHCTBHe cneUHanH3HpOBaHHhIX Y4pe)KneHHH OOH H npyrHx Me)KnYHaponHhIX napTHepOB
YqaCTlle liaHKa B ccJepe 3TIH
Ponh naHKa B ccpepe 3flH B Te4eHHe npOll1nhIX 25 neT CTana onHHM H3 npHMepOB paCll1HpeHHR Y4aCTHR H HaKonneHHR onhITa B nByx Ba)KHhIX acneKTax
bull Bo-nepBhIX naHK BHec CBOH BKnan B HaKonneHHe H pacnpOCTpaHeHHe MHpOBoro onhITa no BonpocaM 3TIH nYTeM npOBeneHHR MHPOBhIX H perHOHanhHhIX H3Y4eHHH HccnenOBaHHH H aHanH3a H 06MeHa onhITOM C npyrHMH Me)KnYHaponHhIMH opraHH3aUHRMH
bull BO-BTOPhIX BoopY)KeHHhIH 3HaHHRMH HaKonneHHhIMH B xone CBoeH neRTenhHOCTH naHK Hrpan ponh KaTanH3aTopa B ocywecTBneHHH He06xonHMhIX npe06pa30BaHHH nYTeM nepena4H CTpaHaM KpenHTOB H np04HX MeponpHRTHH HeKpellHTHoro xapaKTepa (H3naraeMhIX nanee)
IIonyqeHHe H paCilpOCTpaHeHHe r no6anhHhIX 3HaHHH
TIepeKpeCTHhle HccnenOBaHHR
MHorHe npenhIJlYWHe HccnenOBaHHR naHKa B OTpacnH 3TIH 6hlnH cocpenOT04eHhI Ha ponH rocynapCTBa H Herocy napCTBeHHoro ceKTopa B 06ecne4eHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH ManoHMywero HaceneHHR B ycnyrax ccpephI 3TIH B pa60Te CHCTeMhI 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H 06ecne4eHHH YCTOH4HBoro cpHHaHCHpOBaHHR
Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
npOipaMMbl (1970 i) U iJoKYMeHInbl no nolumuKe
COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
npOipaMMa (1973 i) no MepaM B 06naCTH
06ecne4eHHR nponoBonhcTBHeM H (B) [JOlumuKa B
o6lacmu 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU5I (1975)
jJOKYMeHm no nOlumuKe B o6lacmu
3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 (1980 i) RBnRnCR nepBoH nonhITKOH 060CHOBaTh HHBeCTHUHH naHKa B oTpacnh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H CBR3h Me)Kny 3npaBooxpaHeHHeM HCKopeHeHHeM 6enHocTH H nnaHHpoBaHHeM ceMhH Omtem 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu coualbHblX pecypCOB (1980 r) nponeMoHcTpHpoBan Ba)KHOCTh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR HapRny C 06pa30BaHHeM H cOUHanhHoH 3aWHToH nnR cTpaTerHH HCKopeHeHHR 6enHocTH
jJOKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM pa3Bumuu 1984 i
HapoiJoHaCeleHUe u pa3Bumue non4epKHYn ponh rocynapcTBa B CHH)KeHHH ypoBHeH cMepTHocTH H pO)KnaeMocTH I1ccnenoBaHHe npoBeneHHoe B 1987 r (fJuHaHcupoBaHue yClyi 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 B
pa3BUBalOlqUXC5I cmpaHax [JpOipaMMa perJ0pM
KacanOCh He3cpcpeKTHBHoCTH H HecnpaBennHBoro xapaKTepa pacxonoBaHHR rocynapcTBeHHhlx cpencTB Ha 3npaBooxpaHeHHe a TaK)Ke BonpocoB cpHHaHcHpoBaHHR TeKYWHX 3aTpaT
TeMa ponH rocynapcTBa 6hlna BHOBh 3aTpoHYTa B npyroM nOKYMeHTe naHKa no np06neMaM B 06naCTH 3TIH jJoKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu B 1993 i HHBecmuuu B
3iJpaBooxpaHeHue 3TOT nOKnaJ] Y)Ke OKa3an
3Ha4HTenhHoe BnHRHHe Ha BHyTpeHHHe H Me)KnYHaponHhle ne6aThI no BonpocaM nonHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR cTpaH C HH3KHMH H cpenHHMH noxonaMH H npHopHTeToB pa60ThI naHKa jJoKlaiJ
no pa3BumulO u 3alqUlne oKpYJKalOlqeu cpeiJbl (1992 r) llOKflall Om lleHmpalbHOiO flIaHUpOBaHU5I K
PblHKY (1996 r) H nOKJ1an POlb iOcyiJapcmea (1997 r) TaK)Ke 3aTparHBanH BonpochI ccpephI 3TIH
TIOMHMO 3THX KpynHhlx nOKYMeHToB H OT4eTOB naHK TaK)Ke ony6nHKoBan MHO)KeCTBO KHHr ClaTeH H pa604Hx nOKYMeHTOB no BonpocaM 3TIH - K KOHUY 1996 cpHHaHcoBoro rona 6hlno ony6nHKoBaHo 163 TaKHX pa60ThI TaK)Ke 6hln onp060BaH MeTon nonrOTOBKH He60nhll1HX HccnenoBaHHH 60nee Y3KOH cneUHanH3aUHH H MeHee noporocToRWHX a TaK)Ke npHBne4eHHe npyrHx OpraHH3aUHH K npoBeneHHIO HccnenoBaHHH no onpeneneHHoH TeMaTHKe (HanpHMep H CCleiJoBaHue M(fJK np06leM uHBecmupoBaHU51 B
15
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16
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bull OpraHH38DHOHHhlH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR 06eCnelfeHHR peaJIHCTHIfHOH oueHKH HHCTHTYUUOHaJIhHOrO
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bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
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24
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
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25
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26
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27
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28
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29
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1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
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30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
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31
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32
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33
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11
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12
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bull Cnep)KHBaHHe poCTa pacxonOB B
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13
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14
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YqaCTlle liaHKa B ccJepe 3TIH
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Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
npOipaMMbl (1970 i) U iJoKYMeHInbl no nolumuKe
COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
npOipaMMa (1973 i) no MepaM B 06naCTH
06ecne4eHHR nponoBonhcTBHeM H (B) [JOlumuKa B
o6lacmu 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU5I (1975)
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15
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pa3Bumu51 HccnenoBaTenbcKHH COBeT TaK)Ke OKa3bIBaeT nOnnep)KKY npOBeneHHIO HccnenOBaHHH B ofinaCTH 3nH Ha KOHKypCHOH OCHOBe
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pafiOTHHKOB cTpaH-KnHeHTOB OTBeTcTBeHHblx 3a 1P0pMHpOBaHHe nonHTHKH B clPepe 3nH UeHTp ofiYlIeHH5I H nHnepCTBa EaHKa 3aHHMaeTC51 nOBblweHHeM KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa rpynna 3nH SIBnSllOluaSlCSI lIaCTblO OfibenHHeHHSI cneUHanHCTOB EaHKa B ofinaCTH pa3BHTHSI COUHanbHblX pecypcoB fiblna C03naHa B 1996 r H B03r naBHna pafioTY no ynpaBneHHIO HHlPopMaUHeH B ofinaCTH 3nH Bce TpH rpynnbl Hcnonb3YlOT )neKTpOHHble TeXHonorHH H pa3BHBalOT napTHepcTBo nnSl MaKCHMH3aUHH )lPlPeKTHBHoCTH CBoeH pafioTbl
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30paBooXpaHeHUJI nonroToBneHHblH oceHblO 1997 OfibenHHeHHeM cneUHanHCTOB EaHKa B ofinaCTH COUHanbHblX pecypcoB H cOTpynHHKaMH H3P npH coneHCTBHH weCTH perHOHanbHblX HHCTHTYTOBshynapTHepoB CKOHueHTpHpOBaH Ha Bonpocax )KOHOMHKH nonHTHlieCKOH )KOHOMHH H HHCTHTYUHOHanbHblX npofineMax 3aHHMalOlllHX ueHTpanbHoe MeCTO B pelPopMax oTpacnH 3nH 3a npOlUenUIHe nsa rona B paMKax HenenbHoro nOBbllUeHHSI KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa npoBonHMoro UeHTpOM ofiYlleHHSI fiblna npOBeneHa HHTeHCHBHaSl nonrOTOBKa C ynopoM Ha Ba)KHeHIUHe Bonpocbl oTpacnH 3nH
Me)KnYHaponHble KOHlPepeHUHH H HaYllHble ceMHHapbl opraHH3yeMbie EaHKoM H JlPyrHMH opraHH3aUHRMH TaKJKe COJleHcTBYIOT nOBbllUeHHIO KBanHIPHKaUHH cOTpynHHKoB EaHKa H cTpaH-KnHeHToB EaHK npHHSIn YliaCTHe BO BceMHpHoM COBelllaHHH no BonpocaM neTCTBa npoBonHMoM K)HHCEltIgt B 1990 B HblO-HopKe B Me)KnYHapOnHOH napTHepcKoH BCTpelie no oxpaHe MaTepHHcTBa B BallIHHITOHe oKpyr KonYMfiHSI B 1991 B Me)KnYHaponHoH KOHlaquoPepeHuHH no BonpocaM HapOnoHaCeneHHSI H pa3BHTHSI B KaHpe B 1994 BO BceMHpHoH KOHlPepeHUHH no BonpocaM )KeHlllHH B ileKHHe B 1995 H B Me)KnYHaponHoH KOHlPepeHUHH no BonpocaM paHHero MaTepHHCTBa B ATnaHTe B 1996 TaK)Ke B 1997 r EaHK opraHH30Ban H npOBen Me)KnYHaponHYIO KOHlPepeHUHIO no IPHHaHcHpoBaHHIO 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI B BaIUHHITOHe oKpyr KonYMfiHSI
16
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naJIbHeHll1eH pa60TbI EaHKa B oTpacnH 3nH
(aHanH3 np06neM H KpenHTOBaHHe) KpHTH-leCKH
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6bITb npenCTaBneHbI B Cnc OxpaHa
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CTpaTerHsI pe$opM B c$epe 3nH npHBsI3aHHasl K
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K11accHqHUHpoBaHhl KaK BHeClllHe 3HallHTe11hHh1H
BK11an B HHCTHTYUHOHa11hHOe pa3BHTHe Ehl11H
BhljB11eHhl c11enYlOllUIe qaKTophl nOBI1HjBlllHe Ha
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Hepea11hHhle 3anallH H C110)l(Haj CTpyKTypa
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npoeKToB B 0611acTH 3nH n011YllH11H peHTHHr
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Heynall OCTa11hHhIX npoeKToB OKa3a110Ch
HenOCTaTOllHoe KalleCTBO 3KOHOMHlIeCKoro H
opraHH3aUHoHHoro aHa11H3a npone11aHHoro B xone
nonrOTOBKH npoeKTa a HMeHHO HeBHHMaHHe K
MaKp03KoHoMHlIecKHM qaKTopaM HenooueHKa
pa3Mepa TeKYlllHx pacxonoB H HenOCTaTOllHoro
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3Kcn11yaTaUHIO CTP0jllIHXCj Yllpe)l(neHHH
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pellleHHe Me)l(OTpaC11eBhIX BonpOCOB BK11lOlIaj
CHCTeMY rocynapCTBeHHOH C11Y)l(6hl PhlHOK
pa60lleH CH11hl nOTaUHH Ha nHTaHHe H n011HTHKY
B 0611aCTH Ha11oro06110)l(eHHj Ta6allHbiX H3ne11HH
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npoeKTOB B cqepe 3nH He06xonHMO OTMeTHTh
liTO HeCMOTpj Ha TO liTO aHa11H3 ponH
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B ropa3no 6011hllleM K011HlIeCTBe npoeKTOB HH B
onHOM H3 68 3aBeprneHHhiX npoeKToB B 0611aCTH
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3npaBooxpaHeHHj pellla11Hch B OCHOBHOM
nOMOlllhlO BOB11elleHHj rocynapcTBeHHoro ceKTopa
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3qqeKTY 3aMellleHHj liTO npHBOnH110 K
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21
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HeKOTOpbIe npoeKTbl ObinH COCpellOTOlfeHbI Ha
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OOpaTHTb BHHMaHHe 3TO TOT qaKT ITO KaK
nOKa3aIlH HellaBHHe 0030PbI 00[( OTlfeTOB 0
peaIlH3aUHH 68 npoeKTOB TOflbKO 59 npoeKToB
B oonaCTH 3nH nonYlfHnH Y1l0BneTBopHTenbHYIO
oueHKY no cpaBHeHHIO C 81 npoeKToB B oTpacnH
oopa30BaHHR H 58 npoeKToB B uenOM no BceMY
naHKY flHlllb HeKoTopbIe npoeKTbI npellocTaBHnH
OOneKTHBHYIO 1l0KYMeHTaUHIO 0 B0311dicTBHH
MeponpHRTHH npoeKTa Ha nOKa3aTenH 3110POBbR
HaceneHHR pO)KllaeMOCTH H nHTaHHR middot nOCKonbKY
BeCbMa TPYllHO COOTHeCTH npoHcxoMIUHe
H3MeHeHHR C B0311eHCTBHeM KOHKpeTHbIX
npoeKTHbIX MeponpHRTHH OTCne)KHBaIlHCb
nOKa3aTenH pecypcbIlnpoueccbIlpe3ynb-TaTbl a He
nocnellCTBHR OT npOBelleHHbIX MeponpHRTHH
TaKHe BblBOllbI 3aCTaBHnH naHK
COCpellOTOlfHTb 1l0nonHHTenbHoe BHHMaHHe Ha
CHCTeMHbIX peqopMax BKnIOlfaR
lllHpoKOMaClllTaOHbie npeoopa30BaHHR B 06naCTH
311paBooxpaHeHHwqHHaHCHpOBaHHR a TaK)Ke Ha
BbInOnHeHHH 60nee ueneHanpaBneHHblX lleHCTBHH
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nHlllb He60nblllaR 1l0nR TaKHX npoeKToB ObU1a
3aBepllleHa rOIlOBOH 0630p pe3ynbTaToB pa60Tbi B
1996 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY nOKa3aIl ITO HenaBHO
HalfaTble npoeKTbl B 06naCTH 3nH HaXOllHnHCb Ha
80-OM cpellHeM ypOBHe naHKa no nOKa3aTen5IM
1l0CTH)KeHH5I 3allalf pa3BHTH5I H nporpecca B
peaIlH3aUHH
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npoeKTOB C HaIlHlfHeM qaKTopoB pHCKa
TeHlleHUH5I CHH)KeHH5I peHTHHrOB no Mepe
CTapeHHR KpellHTHoro nOpTqen5I H Hecnoc06HoCTb
HMeIOllleHC5I CHCTeMbl 0630poB npellOTBpaTHTh
TaKHe npo6neMbI nonee Toro B 1994-1996
qHHaHcoBbIX rOllax Ha6nIOilaIlOCb 3HalfHTenbHoe
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HellaBHeMY POCTY BHHMaHHR K nOBblllleHHIO
KalfeCTBa TaKaR TeHlleHllH5I 6blna YCTPaHeHa B
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22
nOMHMO oueHKH KOHKpeTHbIX
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ITO K KOHUY 1996 qHHaHcoBoro rOlla oonee lfeM B
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CBR3aHHbIe C oTpacnbIO 3nH B 3THX npoeKTax
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naHKa H COOTHOllleHHH nepCOHaIla K ypOBHIO
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oueHKY c HaIlHlfHeM CTeneHH pHcKa B HalfaIle
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np06neM C OpraHH3aUHOHHhIM nOTeHUHanOM
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npOBeJleHHH 3aKynoK HCnOnh30BaHHH 3aeMHhIX
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6e)KeHueB MenneHHOH H HepOBHOH peaJIH3aUHeH
npoeKTOB B CTpaHax C lgteJlepaTHBHOH CTpyKTypOH
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(aJlMHHHCTpaTHBHhIH 6IOJl)KeT EaHKa nnIOC
TpaCTOBhle lgtOHJlhI KOHcynhTaHTOB) Ha npoeKThI B
clgtepe 3nH 6hlno BhIJleneHO B KalJeCTBe KpeJlHTOB
35 JlonnClllA no cpaBHeHHIO C 60nee lJeM 60
JlonnClllA B 1996 lgtHHaHcoBoM rOJlY H 30 Jlonn ClllA B cpeJlHeM no EaHKY TpacToBhle lgtOHJlhI -shy
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3nH TaKajJ TeHJleHUHjJ He MO)KeT HOCHTh
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23
DpeAllaraeMhle nyTH AOCTH)KeHHB pe3YJIhTaTHBHOCTH npOeKTOB B OTpaCJIH 3DH
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bull PaCWHpeHHe YIaCTHB CTPaHhlmiddot38eM~HKa B nOnrOTOBKe npoeKTa bullbull JIJUI paClllHpeHHR BnaJleHHR
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bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
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24
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
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25
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26
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27
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28
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3LlOPOBhjl HaCeneHHjI KOHKpeTHhle MepOnpHjlTHjI
COleTaHHe rocYLlapCTBaiaCTHoro ceKTopa H
pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
noompeHHe nHU H ceMeH 6paTh BCIO nonHoTY
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH Ha ce6j1 3a CBoe 3LlopOBhe H
YlaCTBOBaTh B npouecce npHHSITHjI pellleHHH (B)
H3YQeHHe lgtaKTopoB BnHjlIOIl(HX Ha pe3ynhTaThi
pa60Thi CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI BKnIOIajl
nonHTHIeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO pelgtopM ynpaBneHHe H
opraHH3aUHOHHhie acneKThl (r) H3YleHHe
npouecca 06eCneleHHjI YCTOHIHBoro ypOBHjI
IgtHHaHCHpoBaHHjI 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H cOBMellleHHjI
PHCKOB H Toro KaK Hcnonh30BaTh pe3ynhTaThl
nonYleHHhle B XOLle 0630pOB 3aTpaT Ha
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHe (HaceneHHjI H H3
rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
npeLlnpHsITHH) Llnjl onpeLleneHHjI OTpacneBhlX
npHopHTeTOB (pellleHHH 0 pacnpeLleneHHH
pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
OCMhicneHHe onhlTa pelgtOpMHpOBaHHjI CHCTeM
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHeM H
29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
BO-BTOPblX HeofixonHMO TpaTHTb 60nbllle
BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
ypOKOB B xone nnaHHpOBaHHSI H peanH3aUHH
npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
3neMeHTbl KOTopble ofieCnelJHBalOT
KalJeCTBeHHOCTb npoeKTa nYTeM npHMeHeHHSI
HMeIOIUHXCSI HHCTpYMeHTOB OTpacneBoro
3KOHOMHlJeCKOrO opraHH3aUHOHHoro aHanH3a H
oueHKH nOTeHUHanbHoro pHCKa Eonbllle BpeMeHH
HeofixonHMO ynenSITb anpofiaUHH HOBblX
nonxonoB BKnlOlJaSl IllHpOKOMaCllITafiHble
OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
npHeMneMoro cpOKa Y CHnHSI fiynyT
npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
npHBepJKeHHOCTH K BblfipaHHOH nonHTHKe npH
CMeHe npaBHTenbCTB HHCTHTYUHOHanbHoe
npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
B-TpeTbHX fiyneT onpofiOBaH fionee
rHfiKHH H IllHpOKHH Ha60p HHCTpYMeHTOB
KpenHTOBaHHSI JrO npenYCMaTpHBaeT fionbillee
Hcnonb30BaHHe IllHpoKHX OTpacneBblX nonXonOB H
3aHMOB MSI nOnnepJKKH CHCTeMHblX pecpopM
HOBblX MHKPO MHHH H ananTHpOBaHHblX
HHBeCTHUHOHHblX 3aHMOB no Mepe HX HanHlJHSI
Hcnonb30BaHHe fionee MenKHX H HHHOBaUHOHHblX
3aHMOB nOMOJKeT H3fieJKaTb CnOJKHblX
nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
nOKYMeHTaUHH
YlJHTblBaSl BaJKHOCTb KalJeCTBeHHOrO
npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
fiynyT npOBOnHTbCSI onpOCbl HaCeneHHSI nnSl
BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
EaHKa Ha pa3BHTHe
KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
B 3TOH ccpepe COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHe pafiOTbl CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H HX cpHHaHCHpOBaHHSI EaHKY
HeofixonHMO npHHSITb Mepbl no YKpenneHHIO
cofiCTBeHHoro nOTeHUHana H nOTeHUHana
3aeMIUHKOB no npoBeneHHIO MOHHTopHHra H
aHanH3a nporpecca B nOCTHJKeHHH nOCTaBneHHblX
3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
HHcpopMaUHSI ofi OCHOBHblX npofineMax B ccpepe
3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
ypoBHeM noxona H perHoHaM B KOTOPblX
3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
3KOHOMHlJeCKHX H npOlJHX COUHanbHblX
neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
CHCTeM 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H npOlJHX naHHblX
YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
nepelJeHb nOKa3aTeneH MSI oueHKH
pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
Hcnonb30BaHHSI Ha rrpaKTHKe (npH3HaHHe
B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
peCTpYKTYpH3aUHlO HMeIOIUerOCSI KpellHTHOrO
nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
EaHKOM KOHTpOJl~ H oueHKH HX peaJlH3aUHH H
(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
EyneT YKpenJleHO cOTpynHH-IecTBo EaHKa
C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
6yneT npOnOJlJKaTb OKa3bIBaTb nOnnepJKKY
HenaBHO C03naHHOMY MeJKnYHaponHOMY IgtOPYMY
no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
CneUHaJlbHblX rpaHTOB ltlgtOPYM cnoc06cTByeT
cocpenOTO-leHHIO HCCJlenOBaTeJlbCKHX pecypcoB Ha
npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
pacnpOCTpaHeHH~ MHKp060B cnoc06HblX
npOTHBOCTORTb BaKUHHaM BO-BTOPbIX 6yneT
noompRTbCJI npOllOJlJKeHHe IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ H3
cpenCTB rpaHTOB npHopHTeTHblX MeJKnYHaponHbIX
HHHUHaTHB yJly-llllalOlUHX 06MeH onblTOM B
06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
COTPYnHH-IaTb C lgtapMaueBTH-IeCKOH BaKUHHHOH H
6HOTeXHOJlOrH-IeCKOH npOMbIlllJleHHOCTblO no
YKpenJleHHIO HCCJlenOBaHHH H nOJlY-leHHIO
nponYKTOB He06xollHMblX nnR 6enHoro HaCeJleHH5I
B CTpaHax C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona KaK- TO
HOBble JleKapCTBa OT MaJl5lpHH
npoTHBoTy6epKYJle3Hble BaKUHHbl 60Jlee
COBepllleHHble MeTonbl nHarHOCTHKH
BeHepH-IeCKHX 3a60JleBaHHH EaHK 6yneT TaKJKe
HCKaTb nyTH paClllHpeHH~ CBoeH nOnnepJKKH
MeJKnYHaponHOH HHHUHaTHBbl no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla nporpaMMbl OOH no 60Pb6e
CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla
TaKJKe 6ynYT npennpHH~bl naJlbHeHlllHe
yCHJlH~ no paClllHpeHHIO napTHepCTBa EaHKa C
npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no 60Pb6e C 60Jle3HblO
pe-lHOH CJlenOTbl H B ueJl~X OKa3aHH~ nOnnepJKKH
npyrHM MeJKnYHaponHblM HHHUHaTHBaM B clgtepe
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pa60Ta C B03 H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no
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nponaraHnHpOBaHHe HHTerpHpOBaHHoro nonxona K
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nJlaHa neHCTBHH OTpaCJleBOH COBeT pa3pa60TaeT B
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(npHJlOJKeHHe F) H nepe-lHH nOKa3aTeJleH
pe3YJlbTaTOB no KOTOPblM 6yneT oueHHBaTbC~
ne~eJlbHOCTb EaHKa npH nonrOTOBKe OTpaCJleBOH
cTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH Ha CJlenYlOlUHH nepHon
nOcpenCTBOM TaKHX Mep 6yneT paClllHpeH
BKJlan EaHKa B MeJKnYHaponHble yCHJlH~ no
YKpenJleHHIO COUHaJlbHOrO pa3BHTHR B nepBoe
neC~HJleTHe 21-ro BeKa EaHK HaMepeH H B
naJlbHeHllleM HHlgtopMHpoBaTb MHpOBylO
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nOJlHTHKH B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ OKa3bIBaR
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cOTpynHH-IecTBO CO CBOHMH KJlHeHTaMH H npyrHMH
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33
1aCTHhIX BpaieH TeM CaMhlM OCnaOnReTCR
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KOTOpylO Morna Ohl BhInOnHRTh OTpacnb 3nH
oaJKe B CTpaHax C HH3KHM ypOBHeM ooxooa
KaK nOKa3hlBaeT onhlT HeoOxooHMhl
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COCTaBnRTh 20 BBn H HH)Ie CTpaHa C
nooYllleBhlM oOXOoOM B 300-800 oonn CIIIA
oon)lHa 6yoeT pacxoooBaTh OT 15-3 BBn
(3KBHBaneHT 75-15 OlOl)IeTHhlX nOCTynneHHH)
MR pHHaHcHpOBaHHR MHHHManhHoro ypOBHR
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100 bull ~BKTenbCTB8 MHOrlO
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nocrynnettMH ii 60 bull HanOr0B8R CTpytCTypa eo i~c
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12
3npaBooxpaHeHHe cocTasnmoT 3HalfHTenbHYlO nOnlO HaUHOHanbHOro nponyKTa H pecypCOB XOTSI KOHKpeTHOrO npenena Ha 3npaBOoxpaHeHHe He YCTaHOBneHO H3BeCTHO IfTO ecnH ofiJlUie paCXOllb1 Ha 3npasooxpaHeHHe npeBbllllalOT 6-7 BBn HnH ecnH OHH paCTyT fiblCTPblMH TeMnaMH TO eCTb onaCHOCTb B03HHKHOBeHHSI npofineM filOJUKeTHOrO xapaKTepa Bo MHorHX cTpaHax 3HalfHTenbHbie filOJUKeTHble cpenCTBa HanpaBnSlIOTCSI Ha cpHHaHCHpOBaHHe He3cpcpeKTHBHbIX ycnyr JlflSl MeHblllHHCTBa HaCeneHHSI B TO BpeMSl KaK fionblllHHCTBO HaCeneHHSI He HMeeT nOCTyna K fia30BOMY MenHUHHCKOMY 06cnY)KHBaHHIO B TOM cnylfae Korna TpefiyeTcSI HananHTb KOHTponb 3a pacXonaMH B paCnOpSI)KeHHH npasHTenbCTB MoryT fibITb TpH BapHaHTa nonHTHKH
bull Cnep)KHBaHHe poCTa pacxonOB B
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bull PerynHpoBaHHe lfaCTHOrO ceKTopa OTKa3 OT Hcnonb30BaHHSI KOMneHCHpYlOlliero CTpaXOBaHHSI H nooIUpeHHe nonYllieBoH onnaTbI a He 3a ycnyry
bull YKpenneHHSI KOHTponSl H CHCTeMbI OTCne)KHBaHHSI 3aTpalfeHHbiX rocynapcTBeHHbIX cpenCTB (Hcnonb3YSl ClfeTa 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI)
YnyllUeHUe 6JOiJJKenmoii npaKmuKu U pacnpeoeleHuJ pecypcoB K CO)KaneHHIO B fionbllloM KOnHlfeCTBe cTpaH C HH3KHM H cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona OnHa H3 KnlOlfeBbIX npofineM cpHHaHcHpOBaHHSI 3npasooxpaHeHHSI - 3TO HH HeXBaTKa HeofixonHMblx pecypcoB H HH paCTYIUHe pacxonbl a HeynoBneTBopHTenbHaSl filOn)KeTHaSI npaKTHKa nOpO)KnalOIUaSI npHBbIIfKy necpHUHTHoro IPHHaHcHpoBaHHSI H pacnpeneneHHSI cKynHblx pecypcoB Ha He3cpcpeKTHBHoe nelfeHHe TPH CTpaTerHH MoryT nOMOlfb CTpaHaM cfianaHcHpoBaTb filOn)KeT
bull 06ecnelfeHHe 3HalfHTenbHoro npeBblllleHHSI ypOBHSI nOCTynneHHH H3 Bcex HCTOIfHHKOB Han O)KHnaeMbiM ofiIUHM ypOBHeM pacxonoB (3-5) nOCTaTOIfHOrO nnSl nOKpbITHSI pacxonoB Ha
aMopTH3aUHlO H o6cnY)KHBaHHe npHMeHeHHe caHKUHH K ofipa30BaHHlObull necpHUHTa filOJUKeTa H HaKonneHHIO
HenorallleHHblX nonrOB H
bull BblneneHHe fionblllOH nonH filOJUKeTHblX
cpenCTB Ha 3cpcpeKTHBHbie MepOnpHSITHSI
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13
rnABA II
POJIh EAHKA PACIlIHPEHHE YQACTHR H OCMhICJIEHHE ODhITA
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KaKHe ltJaKTopbI no MHeHHIO pa3BHBaIOmHXC~ CTpaH HeooxOAHMbI An~ ynyqllIeHH~ cltJepbl 3n8
EOnhll1HHCTBO CTpaH YTBep)KnaeT lJTO nn~ pell1eHH~ npo6neM B clgtepe 3nH HcnhlThIBaeMhlX 6enHhlMH cnO~MH HaceneHH~ a TaK)Ke nn~
nOBhlll1eHH~ ypOBH~ MenHUHHCKHX ycnyr H 06eCnelJeHH~ YCTOHlfHBoro H npHeMneMOrO ypOBH~ IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ HM Heo6xonHMa nOMOIUh Me)KnYHaponHoro coo6IUeCTBa B BHne nepenalfH onhlTa KOHKpeTHhlX KOHcynhTaUHH COBeTOB H IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~
OnHaKO pearHpOBaHHe Ha 3anpOCbl KnHeHTOB B OTpacnH 3nH neno BeChMa HenpOCToe Bo-nepBhIX Heo6xonHMO cornaCOBaTh pa3Hoo6pa3Hhie H pa3nHlfalOIUHec~ MHeHH~
3aHHTepeCOBaHHhiX rpynn - KnHeHTOB EaHKa (KaK npaBHno MHHHCTPOB 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ H IgtHHaHCOB) MeCTHOrG HaceneHH~
npOH3BonHTeneH ycnyr H CTpaXOBhlX KOMnaHHH nOTpe6HTeneH (naUHeHTOB 6enHhiX cnoeB HaceneHH~ )KeHIUHH neTeH H npyrHx y~3BHMhIX rpynn) H npOlfHX napTHepoB B nene pa3BHTH~
BO-BTOPhIX MHorHe CTpaHhl HcnhlThIBalOT npo6neMhi B 06naCTH 3nH Bh13BaHHhle npOBeneHHeM B )KH3Hh HeBepHhlX CTpaTerHH TaK)Ke MHorHe npaBHTenhCTBa He CMornH peanH30BaTh nOTeHUHan npaBHnhHOH nonHTHKH H Hcnonh30BaTh Herocy napCTBeHHhle
pecypchl 31gtIgteKTHBHhiM 06pa30M He6onhll1He H3MeHeHH~ B nOKa3aTen~x MoryT 3aHRTh OT 10 no 15 neT - CPOK npeBhlll1alOIUHH nOnHOMOlJH~ MHorHX npaBHTenhcTB H HX npHBep)KeHHOCTh pelgt0pMaM
H nocnenHee Korna IgtHHaHcoB~ nOMOIUh OTpacnH 3nH nocTynaeT B BHne KpenHToB H 3aHMoB TaKa~ cTpaTerH~ nOn)KHa 6hlTh TIUaTenhHO c6anaHcHpoBaHa C oTnalfeH KOTopa~ MO)KeT 6hlTh nonYlfeHa OT TaKHX HHBecTHUHH B cpenHecpolfHoH nepcneKTHBe H H3nep)KKaMH HepeanH30BaHHhix B03MO)KHOCTeH KOTophle MornH 6hl OTKPhIThC~ npH HHBecTHpoBaHHH B Te o6naCTH 3KOHOMHKH KOTophle BnH~IOT Ha clgtepy 3nH
Ponb MegtKAYHapoAHoro CoOomeCTBa
HH onHa H3 Me)KnYHaponHhlx opraHH3aUHH B OTnenhHOCTH He MO)KeT pell1HTh CnO)KHhle npo6neMhl HaKOnHBll1HeC~ B clgtepe 3nH 3TO oco6eHHO BepHO ceHlfac Korna ypOBeHh HHOCTpaHHOH nOMOIUH pa3BHBaIOIUHMC~ CTpaHaM npenOCTaBn~eMhlH 60raTeHlllHMH crpaHaMH MHpa CHH3HnCSI no 03 HX COBMeCTHoro BBfI - caMbIH HH3KHH ypoBeHh 3a 20 neT
EaHK pa60TaeT B cOTpynHHlfecTBe CO MHorHMH Me)KnYHapOnHhIMH opraHH3aUH~MH
(ltDAO MOT CnH)l OOH npOOH ltD)lHOOH B03) perHoHanhHhlMH 6aHKaMH (AEP AIgtEP EEPP H MEP) EC nBycTopOHHHMH opraHH3aUH~MH H HfO H lJaCTHhlM ceKTopoM 3a nocnenHee BpeM~ cOTpynHHlJeCTBO H napTHepcTBo co MHorHMH opraHH3aUH~MH y nYlJll1HnOCh onHaKO eIUe MHoroe npencToHT cnenaTh Ha 3TOM nyTH
CHnhHhlMH cTopoHaMH EaHKa ~Bn~IOTC~ aKKYMynHpoBaHHe B ce6e onhlTa H 3HaHH~
MHpOBoro coo6IUecTBa nonxon K npo6neMaM Ka)KnOH OTnenhHoH cTpaHhl MaKpo3KOHOMHlJeCKOH H MHorooTpacneBoH TOlJeK
14
C
3peHHR a TaK)Ke cnoc06HOCTh M06HnH30BaTh KpynHhle cpHHaHCOBhle pecypchI (nH60 HenocpenCTBeHHO nH60 nYTeM napTHepCTB) B Bonpocax npenOCTaBneHHR TeXHH4eCKOH nOMOWH B KOHKpeTHhIX 06naCTRX OTpacnH 3I1H KaK TO 60ph6a C 3a60neBaHHRMH naHK nonaraeTCR Ha coneHCTBHe cneUHanH3HpOBaHHhIX Y4pe)KneHHH OOH H npyrHx Me)KnYHaponHhIX napTHepOB
YqaCTlle liaHKa B ccJepe 3TIH
Ponh naHKa B ccpepe 3flH B Te4eHHe npOll1nhIX 25 neT CTana onHHM H3 npHMepOB paCll1HpeHHR Y4aCTHR H HaKonneHHR onhITa B nByx Ba)KHhIX acneKTax
bull Bo-nepBhIX naHK BHec CBOH BKnan B HaKonneHHe H pacnpOCTpaHeHHe MHpOBoro onhITa no BonpocaM 3TIH nYTeM npOBeneHHR MHPOBhIX H perHOHanhHhIX H3Y4eHHH HccnenOBaHHH H aHanH3a H 06MeHa onhITOM C npyrHMH Me)KnYHaponHhIMH opraHH3aUHRMH
bull BO-BTOPhIX BoopY)KeHHhIH 3HaHHRMH HaKonneHHhIMH B xone CBoeH neRTenhHOCTH naHK Hrpan ponh KaTanH3aTopa B ocywecTBneHHH He06xonHMhIX npe06pa30BaHHH nYTeM nepena4H CTpaHaM KpenHTOB H np04HX MeponpHRTHH HeKpellHTHoro xapaKTepa (H3naraeMhIX nanee)
IIonyqeHHe H paCilpOCTpaHeHHe r no6anhHhIX 3HaHHH
TIepeKpeCTHhle HccnenOBaHHR
MHorHe npenhIJlYWHe HccnenOBaHHR naHKa B OTpacnH 3TIH 6hlnH cocpenOT04eHhI Ha ponH rocynapCTBa H Herocy napCTBeHHoro ceKTopa B 06ecne4eHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH ManoHMywero HaceneHHR B ycnyrax ccpephI 3TIH B pa60Te CHCTeMhI 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H 06ecne4eHHH YCTOH4HBoro cpHHaHCHpOBaHHR
Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
npOipaMMbl (1970 i) U iJoKYMeHInbl no nolumuKe
COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
npOipaMMa (1973 i) no MepaM B 06naCTH
06ecne4eHHR nponoBonhcTBHeM H (B) [JOlumuKa B
o6lacmu 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU5I (1975)
jJOKYMeHm no nOlumuKe B o6lacmu
3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 (1980 i) RBnRnCR nepBoH nonhITKOH 060CHOBaTh HHBeCTHUHH naHKa B oTpacnh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H CBR3h Me)Kny 3npaBooxpaHeHHeM HCKopeHeHHeM 6enHocTH H nnaHHpoBaHHeM ceMhH Omtem 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu coualbHblX pecypCOB (1980 r) nponeMoHcTpHpoBan Ba)KHOCTh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR HapRny C 06pa30BaHHeM H cOUHanhHoH 3aWHToH nnR cTpaTerHH HCKopeHeHHR 6enHocTH
jJOKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM pa3Bumuu 1984 i
HapoiJoHaCeleHUe u pa3Bumue non4epKHYn ponh rocynapcTBa B CHH)KeHHH ypoBHeH cMepTHocTH H pO)KnaeMocTH I1ccnenoBaHHe npoBeneHHoe B 1987 r (fJuHaHcupoBaHue yClyi 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 B
pa3BUBalOlqUXC5I cmpaHax [JpOipaMMa perJ0pM
KacanOCh He3cpcpeKTHBHoCTH H HecnpaBennHBoro xapaKTepa pacxonoBaHHR rocynapcTBeHHhlx cpencTB Ha 3npaBooxpaHeHHe a TaK)Ke BonpocoB cpHHaHcHpoBaHHR TeKYWHX 3aTpaT
TeMa ponH rocynapcTBa 6hlna BHOBh 3aTpoHYTa B npyroM nOKYMeHTe naHKa no np06neMaM B 06naCTH 3TIH jJoKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu B 1993 i HHBecmuuu B
3iJpaBooxpaHeHue 3TOT nOKnaJ] Y)Ke OKa3an
3Ha4HTenhHoe BnHRHHe Ha BHyTpeHHHe H Me)KnYHaponHhle ne6aThI no BonpocaM nonHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR cTpaH C HH3KHMH H cpenHHMH noxonaMH H npHopHTeToB pa60ThI naHKa jJoKlaiJ
no pa3BumulO u 3alqUlne oKpYJKalOlqeu cpeiJbl (1992 r) llOKflall Om lleHmpalbHOiO flIaHUpOBaHU5I K
PblHKY (1996 r) H nOKJ1an POlb iOcyiJapcmea (1997 r) TaK)Ke 3aTparHBanH BonpochI ccpephI 3TIH
TIOMHMO 3THX KpynHhlx nOKYMeHToB H OT4eTOB naHK TaK)Ke ony6nHKoBan MHO)KeCTBO KHHr ClaTeH H pa604Hx nOKYMeHTOB no BonpocaM 3TIH - K KOHUY 1996 cpHHaHcoBoro rona 6hlno ony6nHKoBaHo 163 TaKHX pa60ThI TaK)Ke 6hln onp060BaH MeTon nonrOTOBKH He60nhll1HX HccnenoBaHHH 60nee Y3KOH cneUHanH3aUHH H MeHee noporocToRWHX a TaK)Ke npHBne4eHHe npyrHx OpraHH3aUHH K npoBeneHHIO HccnenoBaHHH no onpeneneHHoH TeMaTHKe (HanpHMep H CCleiJoBaHue M(fJK np06leM uHBecmupoBaHU51 B
15
IaCmHble 60lbHU4bl)
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16
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bull OpraHH38DHOHHhlH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR 06eCnelfeHHR peaJIHCTHIfHOH oueHKH HHCTHTYUUOHaJIhHOrO
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bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
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24
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
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25
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26
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27
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28
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29
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1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
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30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
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MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
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nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
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3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
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npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
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MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
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YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
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32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
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no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
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B CTpaHax C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona KaK- TO
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MeJKnYHaponHOH HHHUHaTHBbl no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla nporpaMMbl OOH no 60Pb6e
CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla
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npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no 60Pb6e C 60Jle3HblO
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nJlaHa neHCTBHH OTpaCJleBOH COBeT pa3pa60TaeT B
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(npHJlOJKeHHe F) H nepe-lHH nOKa3aTeJleH
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ne~eJlbHOCTb EaHKa npH nonrOTOBKe OTpaCJleBOH
cTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH Ha CJlenYlOlUHH nepHon
nOcpenCTBOM TaKHX Mep 6yneT paClllHpeH
BKJlan EaHKa B MeJKnYHaponHble yCHJlH~ no
YKpenJleHHIO COUHaJlbHOrO pa3BHTHR B nepBoe
neC~HJleTHe 21-ro BeKa EaHK HaMepeH H B
naJlbHeHllleM HHlgtopMHpoBaTb MHpOBylO
06lUeCTBeHHOCTb no BOnpocaM KacaIOIUHXC~
nOJlHTHKH B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ OKa3bIBaR
CBoe BJlH~HHe Ha HanpaBJleHHe MeJKnYHapOnHblX
ne6aTOB 0 pa3BHTHH MHPOBblX CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHH5I H yKpenJl~51 naPTHepCTBO H
cOTpynHH-IecTBO CO CBOHMH KJlHeHTaMH H npyrHMH
opraHH3aUH~MH
33
3npaBooxpaHeHHe cocTasnmoT 3HalfHTenbHYlO nOnlO HaUHOHanbHOro nponyKTa H pecypCOB XOTSI KOHKpeTHOrO npenena Ha 3npaBOoxpaHeHHe He YCTaHOBneHO H3BeCTHO IfTO ecnH ofiJlUie paCXOllb1 Ha 3npasooxpaHeHHe npeBbllllalOT 6-7 BBn HnH ecnH OHH paCTyT fiblCTPblMH TeMnaMH TO eCTb onaCHOCTb B03HHKHOBeHHSI npofineM filOJUKeTHOrO xapaKTepa Bo MHorHX cTpaHax 3HalfHTenbHbie filOJUKeTHble cpenCTBa HanpaBnSlIOTCSI Ha cpHHaHCHpOBaHHe He3cpcpeKTHBHbIX ycnyr JlflSl MeHblllHHCTBa HaCeneHHSI B TO BpeMSl KaK fionblllHHCTBO HaCeneHHSI He HMeeT nOCTyna K fia30BOMY MenHUHHCKOMY 06cnY)KHBaHHIO B TOM cnylfae Korna TpefiyeTcSI HananHTb KOHTponb 3a pacXonaMH B paCnOpSI)KeHHH npasHTenbCTB MoryT fibITb TpH BapHaHTa nonHTHKH
bull Cnep)KHBaHHe poCTa pacxonOB B
rocynapcTBeHHoM ceKTope nYTeM KOHTponHpOBaHHSI cnpoca npennO)KeHHSI H ueH
bull PerynHpoBaHHe lfaCTHOrO ceKTopa OTKa3 OT Hcnonb30BaHHSI KOMneHCHpYlOlliero CTpaXOBaHHSI H nooIUpeHHe nonYllieBoH onnaTbI a He 3a ycnyry
bull YKpenneHHSI KOHTponSl H CHCTeMbI OTCne)KHBaHHSI 3aTpalfeHHbiX rocynapcTBeHHbIX cpenCTB (Hcnonb3YSl ClfeTa 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI)
YnyllUeHUe 6JOiJJKenmoii npaKmuKu U pacnpeoeleHuJ pecypcoB K CO)KaneHHIO B fionbllloM KOnHlfeCTBe cTpaH C HH3KHM H cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona OnHa H3 KnlOlfeBbIX npofineM cpHHaHcHpOBaHHSI 3npasooxpaHeHHSI - 3TO HH HeXBaTKa HeofixonHMblx pecypcoB H HH paCTYIUHe pacxonbl a HeynoBneTBopHTenbHaSl filOn)KeTHaSI npaKTHKa nOpO)KnalOIUaSI npHBbIIfKy necpHUHTHoro IPHHaHcHpoBaHHSI H pacnpeneneHHSI cKynHblx pecypcoB Ha He3cpcpeKTHBHoe nelfeHHe TPH CTpaTerHH MoryT nOMOlfb CTpaHaM cfianaHcHpoBaTb filOn)KeT
bull 06ecnelfeHHe 3HalfHTenbHoro npeBblllleHHSI ypOBHSI nOCTynneHHH H3 Bcex HCTOIfHHKOB Han O)KHnaeMbiM ofiIUHM ypOBHeM pacxonoB (3-5) nOCTaTOIfHOrO nnSl nOKpbITHSI pacxonoB Ha
aMopTH3aUHlO H o6cnY)KHBaHHe npHMeHeHHe caHKUHH K ofipa30BaHHlObull necpHUHTa filOJUKeTa H HaKonneHHIO
HenorallleHHblX nonrOB H
bull BblneneHHe fionblllOH nonH filOJUKeTHblX
cpenCTB Ha 3cpcpeKTHBHbie MepOnpHSITHSI
y nYlflllalOJlUie nOKa3aTenH
Ponb EaHKa B OKa3aHHH nOMOlUH cTpaHaM B pellleHHH naHHblX BonpocoB H npoBeneHHH HeofixonHMblx npeofipa30BaHHH H3naraeTCSI B rnaBe 2
13
rnABA II
POJIh EAHKA PACIlIHPEHHE YQACTHR H OCMhICJIEHHE ODhITA
060CHOBaHue yqaCTUR EaHKa B ccjJepe 3DH
HHBeCTHUHH B moneH HaxonRTC~ B ueHTpe CTpaTerHH pa3BHTH~ KOTOPOH 6yneT cnenOBaTh BceMHpHhlH EaHK npH nepexone B 21-H BeK 3TO rOBopHT 0 npH3HaHHH Toro lgtaKTa ITO HH OnHa CTpaHa He MO)KeT 06eCnelJHTh YCTOHlfHBhlH 3KOHOMHlfeCKHH POCT HnH CHH3HTh ypOBeHh 6enHOCTH amp3 3nopOBoro XOP01l10 nHTaIOIUerOC~ H 06pa30BaHHoro HaceneHH~
KaKHe ltJaKTopbI no MHeHHIO pa3BHBaIOmHXC~ CTpaH HeooxOAHMbI An~ ynyqllIeHH~ cltJepbl 3n8
EOnhll1HHCTBO CTpaH YTBep)KnaeT lJTO nn~ pell1eHH~ npo6neM B clgtepe 3nH HcnhlThIBaeMhlX 6enHhlMH cnO~MH HaceneHH~ a TaK)Ke nn~
nOBhlll1eHH~ ypOBH~ MenHUHHCKHX ycnyr H 06eCnelJeHH~ YCTOHlfHBoro H npHeMneMOrO ypOBH~ IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ HM Heo6xonHMa nOMOIUh Me)KnYHaponHoro coo6IUeCTBa B BHne nepenalfH onhlTa KOHKpeTHhlX KOHcynhTaUHH COBeTOB H IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~
OnHaKO pearHpOBaHHe Ha 3anpOCbl KnHeHTOB B OTpacnH 3nH neno BeChMa HenpOCToe Bo-nepBhIX Heo6xonHMO cornaCOBaTh pa3Hoo6pa3Hhie H pa3nHlfalOIUHec~ MHeHH~
3aHHTepeCOBaHHhiX rpynn - KnHeHTOB EaHKa (KaK npaBHno MHHHCTPOB 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ H IgtHHaHCOB) MeCTHOrG HaceneHH~
npOH3BonHTeneH ycnyr H CTpaXOBhlX KOMnaHHH nOTpe6HTeneH (naUHeHTOB 6enHhiX cnoeB HaceneHH~ )KeHIUHH neTeH H npyrHx y~3BHMhIX rpynn) H npOlfHX napTHepoB B nene pa3BHTH~
BO-BTOPhIX MHorHe CTpaHhl HcnhlThIBalOT npo6neMhi B 06naCTH 3nH Bh13BaHHhle npOBeneHHeM B )KH3Hh HeBepHhlX CTpaTerHH TaK)Ke MHorHe npaBHTenhCTBa He CMornH peanH30BaTh nOTeHUHan npaBHnhHOH nonHTHKH H Hcnonh30BaTh Herocy napCTBeHHhle
pecypchl 31gtIgteKTHBHhiM 06pa30M He6onhll1He H3MeHeHH~ B nOKa3aTen~x MoryT 3aHRTh OT 10 no 15 neT - CPOK npeBhlll1alOIUHH nOnHOMOlJH~ MHorHX npaBHTenhcTB H HX npHBep)KeHHOCTh pelgt0pMaM
H nocnenHee Korna IgtHHaHcoB~ nOMOIUh OTpacnH 3nH nocTynaeT B BHne KpenHToB H 3aHMoB TaKa~ cTpaTerH~ nOn)KHa 6hlTh TIUaTenhHO c6anaHcHpoBaHa C oTnalfeH KOTopa~ MO)KeT 6hlTh nonYlfeHa OT TaKHX HHBecTHUHH B cpenHecpolfHoH nepcneKTHBe H H3nep)KKaMH HepeanH30BaHHhix B03MO)KHOCTeH KOTophle MornH 6hl OTKPhIThC~ npH HHBecTHpoBaHHH B Te o6naCTH 3KOHOMHKH KOTophle BnH~IOT Ha clgtepy 3nH
Ponb MegtKAYHapoAHoro CoOomeCTBa
HH onHa H3 Me)KnYHaponHhlx opraHH3aUHH B OTnenhHOCTH He MO)KeT pell1HTh CnO)KHhle npo6neMhl HaKOnHBll1HeC~ B clgtepe 3nH 3TO oco6eHHO BepHO ceHlfac Korna ypOBeHh HHOCTpaHHOH nOMOIUH pa3BHBaIOIUHMC~ CTpaHaM npenOCTaBn~eMhlH 60raTeHlllHMH crpaHaMH MHpa CHH3HnCSI no 03 HX COBMeCTHoro BBfI - caMbIH HH3KHH ypoBeHh 3a 20 neT
EaHK pa60TaeT B cOTpynHHlfecTBe CO MHorHMH Me)KnYHapOnHhIMH opraHH3aUH~MH
(ltDAO MOT CnH)l OOH npOOH ltD)lHOOH B03) perHoHanhHhlMH 6aHKaMH (AEP AIgtEP EEPP H MEP) EC nBycTopOHHHMH opraHH3aUH~MH H HfO H lJaCTHhlM ceKTopoM 3a nocnenHee BpeM~ cOTpynHHlJeCTBO H napTHepcTBo co MHorHMH opraHH3aUH~MH y nYlJll1HnOCh onHaKO eIUe MHoroe npencToHT cnenaTh Ha 3TOM nyTH
CHnhHhlMH cTopoHaMH EaHKa ~Bn~IOTC~ aKKYMynHpoBaHHe B ce6e onhlTa H 3HaHH~
MHpOBoro coo6IUecTBa nonxon K npo6neMaM Ka)KnOH OTnenhHoH cTpaHhl MaKpo3KOHOMHlJeCKOH H MHorooTpacneBoH TOlJeK
14
C
3peHHR a TaK)Ke cnoc06HOCTh M06HnH30BaTh KpynHhle cpHHaHCOBhle pecypchI (nH60 HenocpenCTBeHHO nH60 nYTeM napTHepCTB) B Bonpocax npenOCTaBneHHR TeXHH4eCKOH nOMOWH B KOHKpeTHhIX 06naCTRX OTpacnH 3I1H KaK TO 60ph6a C 3a60neBaHHRMH naHK nonaraeTCR Ha coneHCTBHe cneUHanH3HpOBaHHhIX Y4pe)KneHHH OOH H npyrHx Me)KnYHaponHhIX napTHepOB
YqaCTlle liaHKa B ccJepe 3TIH
Ponh naHKa B ccpepe 3flH B Te4eHHe npOll1nhIX 25 neT CTana onHHM H3 npHMepOB paCll1HpeHHR Y4aCTHR H HaKonneHHR onhITa B nByx Ba)KHhIX acneKTax
bull Bo-nepBhIX naHK BHec CBOH BKnan B HaKonneHHe H pacnpOCTpaHeHHe MHpOBoro onhITa no BonpocaM 3TIH nYTeM npOBeneHHR MHPOBhIX H perHOHanhHhIX H3Y4eHHH HccnenOBaHHH H aHanH3a H 06MeHa onhITOM C npyrHMH Me)KnYHaponHhIMH opraHH3aUHRMH
bull BO-BTOPhIX BoopY)KeHHhIH 3HaHHRMH HaKonneHHhIMH B xone CBoeH neRTenhHOCTH naHK Hrpan ponh KaTanH3aTopa B ocywecTBneHHH He06xonHMhIX npe06pa30BaHHH nYTeM nepena4H CTpaHaM KpenHTOB H np04HX MeponpHRTHH HeKpellHTHoro xapaKTepa (H3naraeMhIX nanee)
IIonyqeHHe H paCilpOCTpaHeHHe r no6anhHhIX 3HaHHH
TIepeKpeCTHhle HccnenOBaHHR
MHorHe npenhIJlYWHe HccnenOBaHHR naHKa B OTpacnH 3TIH 6hlnH cocpenOT04eHhI Ha ponH rocynapCTBa H Herocy napCTBeHHoro ceKTopa B 06ecne4eHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH ManoHMywero HaceneHHR B ycnyrax ccpephI 3TIH B pa60Te CHCTeMhI 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H 06ecne4eHHH YCTOH4HBoro cpHHaHCHpOBaHHR
Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
npOipaMMbl (1970 i) U iJoKYMeHInbl no nolumuKe
COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
npOipaMMa (1973 i) no MepaM B 06naCTH
06ecne4eHHR nponoBonhcTBHeM H (B) [JOlumuKa B
o6lacmu 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU5I (1975)
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15
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23
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24
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25
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MHHHCTepCTBaMH 3JlpaBOOXpaHeHHjI HO H C
MHHHCTepcTBaMH 3aHHMaIOll(HMHCjI BonpocaMH
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27
ClPephl B IaCTHhle PYKH H OKa)KeT COneHCTBHe B
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nOAAepgtKaHHSI 3qJqJeKTHBHoro
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nOKa3hlBaeT ITO rocynapCTBO nOn)KHO HrpaTh
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28
OCHOBHYIO TpeBory BhI3hlBaIOT B03LleHCTBHe H
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CTpaTerHIeCKYIO HanpaBneHHOCTh nonHTHKH B
06naCTH 3nH nOLlKpenneHHe KpeLlHTOBaHHjI
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cOUHanhHoH 3aWHThl Llfljl pa3pa60TKH
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aHanHTHIeCKYIO OCHOBY peKmteHLlaUHH
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aHaJIHTHQeCKOH paooToH H HCCJ1eAOBaHHBMH
nO Mepe TOro KaK naHK npOLlOn)KaeT
nepeHocHTh ynop B CBoeH LleBTenhHOCTH
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He06xoLlHMO 3KcnepHMeHTHpoBaTh H
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pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
noompeHHe nHU H ceMeH 6paTh BCIO nonHoTY
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rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
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pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
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Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
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29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
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B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
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KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
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ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
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BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
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nOKYMeHTaUHH
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npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
fiynyT npOBOnHTbCSI onpOCbl HaCeneHHSI nnSl
BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
EaHKa Ha pa3BHTHe
KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
B 3TOH ccpepe COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHe pafiOTbl CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H HX cpHHaHCHpOBaHHSI EaHKY
HeofixonHMO npHHSITb Mepbl no YKpenneHHIO
cofiCTBeHHoro nOTeHUHana H nOTeHUHana
3aeMIUHKOB no npoBeneHHIO MOHHTopHHra H
aHanH3a nporpecca B nOCTHJKeHHH nOCTaBneHHblX
3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
HHcpopMaUHSI ofi OCHOBHblX npofineMax B ccpepe
3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
ypoBHeM noxona H perHoHaM B KOTOPblX
3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
3KOHOMHlJeCKHX H npOlJHX COUHanbHblX
neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
CHCTeM 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H npOlJHX naHHblX
YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
nepelJeHb nOKa3aTeneH MSI oueHKH
pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
Hcnonb30BaHHSI Ha rrpaKTHKe (npH3HaHHe
B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
peCTpYKTYpH3aUHlO HMeIOIUerOCSI KpellHTHOrO
nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
EaHKOM KOHTpOJl~ H oueHKH HX peaJlH3aUHH H
(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
EyneT YKpenJleHO cOTpynHH-IecTBo EaHKa
C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
6yneT npOnOJlJKaTb OKa3bIBaTb nOnnepJKKY
HenaBHO C03naHHOMY MeJKnYHaponHOMY IgtOPYMY
no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
CneUHaJlbHblX rpaHTOB ltlgtOPYM cnoc06cTByeT
cocpenOTO-leHHIO HCCJlenOBaTeJlbCKHX pecypcoB Ha
npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
pacnpOCTpaHeHH~ MHKp060B cnoc06HblX
npOTHBOCTORTb BaKUHHaM BO-BTOPbIX 6yneT
noompRTbCJI npOllOJlJKeHHe IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ H3
cpenCTB rpaHTOB npHopHTeTHblX MeJKnYHaponHbIX
HHHUHaTHB yJly-llllalOlUHX 06MeH onblTOM B
06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
COTPYnHH-IaTb C lgtapMaueBTH-IeCKOH BaKUHHHOH H
6HOTeXHOJlOrH-IeCKOH npOMbIlllJleHHOCTblO no
YKpenJleHHIO HCCJlenOBaHHH H nOJlY-leHHIO
nponYKTOB He06xollHMblX nnR 6enHoro HaCeJleHH5I
B CTpaHax C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona KaK- TO
HOBble JleKapCTBa OT MaJl5lpHH
npoTHBoTy6epKYJle3Hble BaKUHHbl 60Jlee
COBepllleHHble MeTonbl nHarHOCTHKH
BeHepH-IeCKHX 3a60JleBaHHH EaHK 6yneT TaKJKe
HCKaTb nyTH paClllHpeHH~ CBoeH nOnnepJKKH
MeJKnYHaponHOH HHHUHaTHBbl no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla nporpaMMbl OOH no 60Pb6e
CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla
TaKJKe 6ynYT npennpHH~bl naJlbHeHlllHe
yCHJlH~ no paClllHpeHHIO napTHepCTBa EaHKa C
npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no 60Pb6e C 60Jle3HblO
pe-lHOH CJlenOTbl H B ueJl~X OKa3aHH~ nOnnepJKKH
npyrHM MeJKnYHaponHblM HHHUHaTHBaM B clgtepe
3nH nOTeHUHaJlbHO HMelOlUHM 3Ha-lHTeJlbHblH
BHelllHHH 31gt1gteKT B03MOJKHblMH HanpaBJleHH~MH
COTPYnHH-IeCTBa ~BJl~IOTC~ nOnnepJKKa CTpaH
AIgtPHKH B HX 60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH MaJl~PHH
pa60Ta C B03 H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no
60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH Ty6epKYJle3a H
nponaraHnHpOBaHHe HHTerpHpOBaHHoro nonxona K
Jle-leHHIO 3a60JleBaHHH neTCKoro B03paCTa
OT Bu~eHUB npooneM K ~eHCTBUIO
PeaJlH3aUHR CTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH
6yneT TeCHO CBR3aHa C HOBblM CTpaTerH-IeCKHM
corJlallleHHeM no opraHH3aUHOHHOMY pa3BHTHlO
EaHKa Ha OCHOBe nOCTaBJleHHblX 3ana-l H 06lUero
nJlaHa neHCTBHH OTpaCJleBOH COBeT pa3pa60TaeT B
COTPYnHH-IeCTBe C perHOHaJlbHblMH
nenapTaMeHTaMH CTpaTerH-IeCKYIO MaTpHUY
(npHJlOJKeHHe F) H nepe-lHH nOKa3aTeJleH
pe3YJlbTaTOB no KOTOPblM 6yneT oueHHBaTbC~
ne~eJlbHOCTb EaHKa npH nonrOTOBKe OTpaCJleBOH
cTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH Ha CJlenYlOlUHH nepHon
nOcpenCTBOM TaKHX Mep 6yneT paClllHpeH
BKJlan EaHKa B MeJKnYHaponHble yCHJlH~ no
YKpenJleHHIO COUHaJlbHOrO pa3BHTHR B nepBoe
neC~HJleTHe 21-ro BeKa EaHK HaMepeH H B
naJlbHeHllleM HHlgtopMHpoBaTb MHpOBylO
06lUeCTBeHHOCTb no BOnpocaM KacaIOIUHXC~
nOJlHTHKH B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ OKa3bIBaR
CBoe BJlH~HHe Ha HanpaBJleHHe MeJKnYHapOnHblX
ne6aTOB 0 pa3BHTHH MHPOBblX CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHH5I H yKpenJl~51 naPTHepCTBO H
cOTpynHH-IecTBO CO CBOHMH KJlHeHTaMH H npyrHMH
opraHH3aUH~MH
33
rnABA II
POJIh EAHKA PACIlIHPEHHE YQACTHR H OCMhICJIEHHE ODhITA
060CHOBaHue yqaCTUR EaHKa B ccjJepe 3DH
HHBeCTHUHH B moneH HaxonRTC~ B ueHTpe CTpaTerHH pa3BHTH~ KOTOPOH 6yneT cnenOBaTh BceMHpHhlH EaHK npH nepexone B 21-H BeK 3TO rOBopHT 0 npH3HaHHH Toro lgtaKTa ITO HH OnHa CTpaHa He MO)KeT 06eCnelJHTh YCTOHlfHBhlH 3KOHOMHlfeCKHH POCT HnH CHH3HTh ypOBeHh 6enHOCTH amp3 3nopOBoro XOP01l10 nHTaIOIUerOC~ H 06pa30BaHHoro HaceneHH~
KaKHe ltJaKTopbI no MHeHHIO pa3BHBaIOmHXC~ CTpaH HeooxOAHMbI An~ ynyqllIeHH~ cltJepbl 3n8
EOnhll1HHCTBO CTpaH YTBep)KnaeT lJTO nn~ pell1eHH~ npo6neM B clgtepe 3nH HcnhlThIBaeMhlX 6enHhlMH cnO~MH HaceneHH~ a TaK)Ke nn~
nOBhlll1eHH~ ypOBH~ MenHUHHCKHX ycnyr H 06eCnelJeHH~ YCTOHlfHBoro H npHeMneMOrO ypOBH~ IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ HM Heo6xonHMa nOMOIUh Me)KnYHaponHoro coo6IUeCTBa B BHne nepenalfH onhlTa KOHKpeTHhlX KOHcynhTaUHH COBeTOB H IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~
OnHaKO pearHpOBaHHe Ha 3anpOCbl KnHeHTOB B OTpacnH 3nH neno BeChMa HenpOCToe Bo-nepBhIX Heo6xonHMO cornaCOBaTh pa3Hoo6pa3Hhie H pa3nHlfalOIUHec~ MHeHH~
3aHHTepeCOBaHHhiX rpynn - KnHeHTOB EaHKa (KaK npaBHno MHHHCTPOB 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ H IgtHHaHCOB) MeCTHOrG HaceneHH~
npOH3BonHTeneH ycnyr H CTpaXOBhlX KOMnaHHH nOTpe6HTeneH (naUHeHTOB 6enHhiX cnoeB HaceneHH~ )KeHIUHH neTeH H npyrHx y~3BHMhIX rpynn) H npOlfHX napTHepoB B nene pa3BHTH~
BO-BTOPhIX MHorHe CTpaHhl HcnhlThIBalOT npo6neMhi B 06naCTH 3nH Bh13BaHHhle npOBeneHHeM B )KH3Hh HeBepHhlX CTpaTerHH TaK)Ke MHorHe npaBHTenhCTBa He CMornH peanH30BaTh nOTeHUHan npaBHnhHOH nonHTHKH H Hcnonh30BaTh Herocy napCTBeHHhle
pecypchl 31gtIgteKTHBHhiM 06pa30M He6onhll1He H3MeHeHH~ B nOKa3aTen~x MoryT 3aHRTh OT 10 no 15 neT - CPOK npeBhlll1alOIUHH nOnHOMOlJH~ MHorHX npaBHTenhcTB H HX npHBep)KeHHOCTh pelgt0pMaM
H nocnenHee Korna IgtHHaHcoB~ nOMOIUh OTpacnH 3nH nocTynaeT B BHne KpenHToB H 3aHMoB TaKa~ cTpaTerH~ nOn)KHa 6hlTh TIUaTenhHO c6anaHcHpoBaHa C oTnalfeH KOTopa~ MO)KeT 6hlTh nonYlfeHa OT TaKHX HHBecTHUHH B cpenHecpolfHoH nepcneKTHBe H H3nep)KKaMH HepeanH30BaHHhix B03MO)KHOCTeH KOTophle MornH 6hl OTKPhIThC~ npH HHBecTHpoBaHHH B Te o6naCTH 3KOHOMHKH KOTophle BnH~IOT Ha clgtepy 3nH
Ponb MegtKAYHapoAHoro CoOomeCTBa
HH onHa H3 Me)KnYHaponHhlx opraHH3aUHH B OTnenhHOCTH He MO)KeT pell1HTh CnO)KHhle npo6neMhl HaKOnHBll1HeC~ B clgtepe 3nH 3TO oco6eHHO BepHO ceHlfac Korna ypOBeHh HHOCTpaHHOH nOMOIUH pa3BHBaIOIUHMC~ CTpaHaM npenOCTaBn~eMhlH 60raTeHlllHMH crpaHaMH MHpa CHH3HnCSI no 03 HX COBMeCTHoro BBfI - caMbIH HH3KHH ypoBeHh 3a 20 neT
EaHK pa60TaeT B cOTpynHHlfecTBe CO MHorHMH Me)KnYHapOnHhIMH opraHH3aUH~MH
(ltDAO MOT CnH)l OOH npOOH ltD)lHOOH B03) perHoHanhHhlMH 6aHKaMH (AEP AIgtEP EEPP H MEP) EC nBycTopOHHHMH opraHH3aUH~MH H HfO H lJaCTHhlM ceKTopoM 3a nocnenHee BpeM~ cOTpynHHlJeCTBO H napTHepcTBo co MHorHMH opraHH3aUH~MH y nYlJll1HnOCh onHaKO eIUe MHoroe npencToHT cnenaTh Ha 3TOM nyTH
CHnhHhlMH cTopoHaMH EaHKa ~Bn~IOTC~ aKKYMynHpoBaHHe B ce6e onhlTa H 3HaHH~
MHpOBoro coo6IUecTBa nonxon K npo6neMaM Ka)KnOH OTnenhHoH cTpaHhl MaKpo3KOHOMHlJeCKOH H MHorooTpacneBoH TOlJeK
14
C
3peHHR a TaK)Ke cnoc06HOCTh M06HnH30BaTh KpynHhle cpHHaHCOBhle pecypchI (nH60 HenocpenCTBeHHO nH60 nYTeM napTHepCTB) B Bonpocax npenOCTaBneHHR TeXHH4eCKOH nOMOWH B KOHKpeTHhIX 06naCTRX OTpacnH 3I1H KaK TO 60ph6a C 3a60neBaHHRMH naHK nonaraeTCR Ha coneHCTBHe cneUHanH3HpOBaHHhIX Y4pe)KneHHH OOH H npyrHx Me)KnYHaponHhIX napTHepOB
YqaCTlle liaHKa B ccJepe 3TIH
Ponh naHKa B ccpepe 3flH B Te4eHHe npOll1nhIX 25 neT CTana onHHM H3 npHMepOB paCll1HpeHHR Y4aCTHR H HaKonneHHR onhITa B nByx Ba)KHhIX acneKTax
bull Bo-nepBhIX naHK BHec CBOH BKnan B HaKonneHHe H pacnpOCTpaHeHHe MHpOBoro onhITa no BonpocaM 3TIH nYTeM npOBeneHHR MHPOBhIX H perHOHanhHhIX H3Y4eHHH HccnenOBaHHH H aHanH3a H 06MeHa onhITOM C npyrHMH Me)KnYHaponHhIMH opraHH3aUHRMH
bull BO-BTOPhIX BoopY)KeHHhIH 3HaHHRMH HaKonneHHhIMH B xone CBoeH neRTenhHOCTH naHK Hrpan ponh KaTanH3aTopa B ocywecTBneHHH He06xonHMhIX npe06pa30BaHHH nYTeM nepena4H CTpaHaM KpenHTOB H np04HX MeponpHRTHH HeKpellHTHoro xapaKTepa (H3naraeMhIX nanee)
IIonyqeHHe H paCilpOCTpaHeHHe r no6anhHhIX 3HaHHH
TIepeKpeCTHhle HccnenOBaHHR
MHorHe npenhIJlYWHe HccnenOBaHHR naHKa B OTpacnH 3TIH 6hlnH cocpenOT04eHhI Ha ponH rocynapCTBa H Herocy napCTBeHHoro ceKTopa B 06ecne4eHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH ManoHMywero HaceneHHR B ycnyrax ccpephI 3TIH B pa60Te CHCTeMhI 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H 06ecne4eHHH YCTOH4HBoro cpHHaHCHpOBaHHR
Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
npOipaMMbl (1970 i) U iJoKYMeHInbl no nolumuKe
COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
npOipaMMa (1973 i) no MepaM B 06naCTH
06ecne4eHHR nponoBonhcTBHeM H (B) [JOlumuKa B
o6lacmu 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU5I (1975)
jJOKYMeHm no nOlumuKe B o6lacmu
3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 (1980 i) RBnRnCR nepBoH nonhITKOH 060CHOBaTh HHBeCTHUHH naHKa B oTpacnh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H CBR3h Me)Kny 3npaBooxpaHeHHeM HCKopeHeHHeM 6enHocTH H nnaHHpoBaHHeM ceMhH Omtem 0 BceMupHOM
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15
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23
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24
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25
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MHHHCTepCTBaMH 3JlpaBOOXpaHeHHjI HO H C
MHHHCTepcTBaMH 3aHHMaIOll(HMHCjI BonpocaMH
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27
ClPephl B IaCTHhle PYKH H OKa)KeT COneHCTBHe B
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nOAAepgtKaHHSI 3qJqJeKTHBHoro
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nOKa3hlBaeT ITO rocynapCTBO nOn)KHO HrpaTh
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BcnenCTBHe OhlCTPOrO pOCTa 1HCna npoeKTOB
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28
OCHOBHYIO TpeBory BhI3hlBaIOT B03LleHCTBHe H
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CTpaTerHIeCKYIO HanpaBneHHOCTh nonHTHKH B
06naCTH 3nH nOLlKpenneHHe KpeLlHTOBaHHjI
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1pe3BhllaHHO Ba)KHO coCpeLlOTOlHTh KOHKpeTHhle
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cOUHanhHoH 3aWHThl Llfljl pa3pa60TKH
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aHanHTHIeCKYIO OCHOBY peKmteHLlaUHH
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aHaJIHTHQeCKOH paooToH H HCCJ1eAOBaHHBMH
nO Mepe TOro KaK naHK npOLlOn)KaeT
nepeHocHTh ynop B CBoeH LleBTenhHOCTH
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He06xoLlHMO 3KcnepHMeHTHpoBaTh H
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pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
noompeHHe nHU H ceMeH 6paTh BCIO nonHoTY
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rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
npeLlnpHsITHH) Llnjl onpeLleneHHjI OTpacneBhlX
npHopHTeTOB (pellleHHH 0 pacnpeLleneHHH
pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
OCMhicneHHe onhlTa pelgtOpMHpOBaHHjI CHCTeM
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
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29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
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KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
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ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
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npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
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npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
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npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
fiynyT npOBOnHTbCSI onpOCbl HaCeneHHSI nnSl
BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
EaHKa Ha pa3BHTHe
KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
B 3TOH ccpepe COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHe pafiOTbl CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H HX cpHHaHCHpOBaHHSI EaHKY
HeofixonHMO npHHSITb Mepbl no YKpenneHHIO
cofiCTBeHHoro nOTeHUHana H nOTeHUHana
3aeMIUHKOB no npoBeneHHIO MOHHTopHHra H
aHanH3a nporpecca B nOCTHJKeHHH nOCTaBneHHblX
3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
HHcpopMaUHSI ofi OCHOBHblX npofineMax B ccpepe
3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
ypoBHeM noxona H perHoHaM B KOTOPblX
3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
3KOHOMHlJeCKHX H npOlJHX COUHanbHblX
neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
CHCTeM 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H npOlJHX naHHblX
YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
nepelJeHb nOKa3aTeneH MSI oueHKH
pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
Hcnonb30BaHHSI Ha rrpaKTHKe (npH3HaHHe
B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
peCTpYKTYpH3aUHlO HMeIOIUerOCSI KpellHTHOrO
nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
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OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
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paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
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(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
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C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
6yneT npOnOJlJKaTb OKa3bIBaTb nOnnepJKKY
HenaBHO C03naHHOMY MeJKnYHaponHOMY IgtOPYMY
no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
CneUHaJlbHblX rpaHTOB ltlgtOPYM cnoc06cTByeT
cocpenOTO-leHHIO HCCJlenOBaTeJlbCKHX pecypcoB Ha
npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
pacnpOCTpaHeHH~ MHKp060B cnoc06HblX
npOTHBOCTORTb BaKUHHaM BO-BTOPbIX 6yneT
noompRTbCJI npOllOJlJKeHHe IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ H3
cpenCTB rpaHTOB npHopHTeTHblX MeJKnYHaponHbIX
HHHUHaTHB yJly-llllalOlUHX 06MeH onblTOM B
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B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
COTPYnHH-IaTb C lgtapMaueBTH-IeCKOH BaKUHHHOH H
6HOTeXHOJlOrH-IeCKOH npOMbIlllJleHHOCTblO no
YKpenJleHHIO HCCJlenOBaHHH H nOJlY-leHHIO
nponYKTOB He06xollHMblX nnR 6enHoro HaCeJleHH5I
B CTpaHax C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona KaK- TO
HOBble JleKapCTBa OT MaJl5lpHH
npoTHBoTy6epKYJle3Hble BaKUHHbl 60Jlee
COBepllleHHble MeTonbl nHarHOCTHKH
BeHepH-IeCKHX 3a60JleBaHHH EaHK 6yneT TaKJKe
HCKaTb nyTH paClllHpeHH~ CBoeH nOnnepJKKH
MeJKnYHaponHOH HHHUHaTHBbl no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla nporpaMMbl OOH no 60Pb6e
CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla
TaKJKe 6ynYT npennpHH~bl naJlbHeHlllHe
yCHJlH~ no paClllHpeHHIO napTHepCTBa EaHKa C
npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no 60Pb6e C 60Jle3HblO
pe-lHOH CJlenOTbl H B ueJl~X OKa3aHH~ nOnnepJKKH
npyrHM MeJKnYHaponHblM HHHUHaTHBaM B clgtepe
3nH nOTeHUHaJlbHO HMelOlUHM 3Ha-lHTeJlbHblH
BHelllHHH 31gt1gteKT B03MOJKHblMH HanpaBJleHH~MH
COTPYnHH-IeCTBa ~BJl~IOTC~ nOnnepJKKa CTpaH
AIgtPHKH B HX 60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH MaJl~PHH
pa60Ta C B03 H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no
60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH Ty6epKYJle3a H
nponaraHnHpOBaHHe HHTerpHpOBaHHoro nonxona K
Jle-leHHIO 3a60JleBaHHH neTCKoro B03paCTa
OT Bu~eHUB npooneM K ~eHCTBUIO
PeaJlH3aUHR CTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH
6yneT TeCHO CBR3aHa C HOBblM CTpaTerH-IeCKHM
corJlallleHHeM no opraHH3aUHOHHOMY pa3BHTHlO
EaHKa Ha OCHOBe nOCTaBJleHHblX 3ana-l H 06lUero
nJlaHa neHCTBHH OTpaCJleBOH COBeT pa3pa60TaeT B
COTPYnHH-IeCTBe C perHOHaJlbHblMH
nenapTaMeHTaMH CTpaTerH-IeCKYIO MaTpHUY
(npHJlOJKeHHe F) H nepe-lHH nOKa3aTeJleH
pe3YJlbTaTOB no KOTOPblM 6yneT oueHHBaTbC~
ne~eJlbHOCTb EaHKa npH nonrOTOBKe OTpaCJleBOH
cTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH Ha CJlenYlOlUHH nepHon
nOcpenCTBOM TaKHX Mep 6yneT paClllHpeH
BKJlan EaHKa B MeJKnYHaponHble yCHJlH~ no
YKpenJleHHIO COUHaJlbHOrO pa3BHTHR B nepBoe
neC~HJleTHe 21-ro BeKa EaHK HaMepeH H B
naJlbHeHllleM HHlgtopMHpoBaTb MHpOBylO
06lUeCTBeHHOCTb no BOnpocaM KacaIOIUHXC~
nOJlHTHKH B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ OKa3bIBaR
CBoe BJlH~HHe Ha HanpaBJleHHe MeJKnYHapOnHblX
ne6aTOB 0 pa3BHTHH MHPOBblX CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHH5I H yKpenJl~51 naPTHepCTBO H
cOTpynHH-IecTBO CO CBOHMH KJlHeHTaMH H npyrHMH
opraHH3aUH~MH
33
3peHHR a TaK)Ke cnoc06HOCTh M06HnH30BaTh KpynHhle cpHHaHCOBhle pecypchI (nH60 HenocpenCTBeHHO nH60 nYTeM napTHepCTB) B Bonpocax npenOCTaBneHHR TeXHH4eCKOH nOMOWH B KOHKpeTHhIX 06naCTRX OTpacnH 3I1H KaK TO 60ph6a C 3a60neBaHHRMH naHK nonaraeTCR Ha coneHCTBHe cneUHanH3HpOBaHHhIX Y4pe)KneHHH OOH H npyrHx Me)KnYHaponHhIX napTHepOB
YqaCTlle liaHKa B ccJepe 3TIH
Ponh naHKa B ccpepe 3flH B Te4eHHe npOll1nhIX 25 neT CTana onHHM H3 npHMepOB paCll1HpeHHR Y4aCTHR H HaKonneHHR onhITa B nByx Ba)KHhIX acneKTax
bull Bo-nepBhIX naHK BHec CBOH BKnan B HaKonneHHe H pacnpOCTpaHeHHe MHpOBoro onhITa no BonpocaM 3TIH nYTeM npOBeneHHR MHPOBhIX H perHOHanhHhIX H3Y4eHHH HccnenOBaHHH H aHanH3a H 06MeHa onhITOM C npyrHMH Me)KnYHaponHhIMH opraHH3aUHRMH
bull BO-BTOPhIX BoopY)KeHHhIH 3HaHHRMH HaKonneHHhIMH B xone CBoeH neRTenhHOCTH naHK Hrpan ponh KaTanH3aTopa B ocywecTBneHHH He06xonHMhIX npe06pa30BaHHH nYTeM nepena4H CTpaHaM KpenHTOB H np04HX MeponpHRTHH HeKpellHTHoro xapaKTepa (H3naraeMhIX nanee)
IIonyqeHHe H paCilpOCTpaHeHHe r no6anhHhIX 3HaHHH
TIepeKpeCTHhle HccnenOBaHHR
MHorHe npenhIJlYWHe HccnenOBaHHR naHKa B OTpacnH 3TIH 6hlnH cocpenOT04eHhI Ha ponH rocynapCTBa H Herocy napCTBeHHoro ceKTopa B 06ecne4eHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH ManoHMywero HaceneHHR B ycnyrax ccpephI 3TIH B pa60Te CHCTeMhI 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H 06ecne4eHHH YCTOH4HBoro cpHHaHCHpOBaHHR
Oc06yIO Ba)KHOCTh HMeIOT CTpaTerH4eCKHe nOKYMeHThI naHKa TaKHe KaK (a) OmpaCleBble
npOipaMMbl (1970 i) U iJoKYMeHInbl no nolumuKe
COCTORWHe H3 peKoMeHnaUHH no nonHTHKe B 06naCTH HaponoHaceneHHR (6) OmpaCleBa51
npOipaMMa (1973 i) no MepaM B 06naCTH
06ecne4eHHR nponoBonhcTBHeM H (B) [JOlumuKa B
o6lacmu 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU5I (1975)
jJOKYMeHm no nOlumuKe B o6lacmu
3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 (1980 i) RBnRnCR nepBoH nonhITKOH 060CHOBaTh HHBeCTHUHH naHKa B oTpacnh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H CBR3h Me)Kny 3npaBooxpaHeHHeM HCKopeHeHHeM 6enHocTH H nnaHHpoBaHHeM ceMhH Omtem 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu coualbHblX pecypCOB (1980 r) nponeMoHcTpHpoBan Ba)KHOCTh 3npaBooxpaHeHHR HapRny C 06pa30BaHHeM H cOUHanhHoH 3aWHToH nnR cTpaTerHH HCKopeHeHHR 6enHocTH
jJOKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM pa3Bumuu 1984 i
HapoiJoHaCeleHUe u pa3Bumue non4epKHYn ponh rocynapcTBa B CHH)KeHHH ypoBHeH cMepTHocTH H pO)KnaeMocTH I1ccnenoBaHHe npoBeneHHoe B 1987 r (fJuHaHcupoBaHue yClyi 3iJpaBooxpaHeHU51 B
pa3BUBalOlqUXC5I cmpaHax [JpOipaMMa perJ0pM
KacanOCh He3cpcpeKTHBHoCTH H HecnpaBennHBoro xapaKTepa pacxonoBaHHR rocynapcTBeHHhlx cpencTB Ha 3npaBooxpaHeHHe a TaK)Ke BonpocoB cpHHaHcHpoBaHHR TeKYWHX 3aTpaT
TeMa ponH rocynapcTBa 6hlna BHOBh 3aTpoHYTa B npyroM nOKYMeHTe naHKa no np06neMaM B 06naCTH 3TIH jJoKlaiJ 0 BceMupHOM
pa3Bumuu B 1993 i HHBecmuuu B
3iJpaBooxpaHeHue 3TOT nOKnaJ] Y)Ke OKa3an
3Ha4HTenhHoe BnHRHHe Ha BHyTpeHHHe H Me)KnYHaponHhle ne6aThI no BonpocaM nonHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR cTpaH C HH3KHMH H cpenHHMH noxonaMH H npHopHTeToB pa60ThI naHKa jJoKlaiJ
no pa3BumulO u 3alqUlne oKpYJKalOlqeu cpeiJbl (1992 r) llOKflall Om lleHmpalbHOiO flIaHUpOBaHU5I K
PblHKY (1996 r) H nOKJ1an POlb iOcyiJapcmea (1997 r) TaK)Ke 3aTparHBanH BonpochI ccpephI 3TIH
TIOMHMO 3THX KpynHhlx nOKYMeHToB H OT4eTOB naHK TaK)Ke ony6nHKoBan MHO)KeCTBO KHHr ClaTeH H pa604Hx nOKYMeHTOB no BonpocaM 3TIH - K KOHUY 1996 cpHHaHcoBoro rona 6hlno ony6nHKoBaHo 163 TaKHX pa60ThI TaK)Ke 6hln onp060BaH MeTon nonrOTOBKH He60nhll1HX HccnenoBaHHH 60nee Y3KOH cneUHanH3aUHH H MeHee noporocToRWHX a TaK)Ke npHBne4eHHe npyrHx OpraHH3aUHH K npoBeneHHIO HccnenoBaHHH no onpeneneHHoH TeMaTHKe (HanpHMep H CCleiJoBaHue M(fJK np06leM uHBecmupoBaHU51 B
15
IaCmHble 60lbHU4bl)
OnepaUHOHHbie HCCnenOBaHH5I H aHanH3
B 1996 IPHHaHcoBoM rony Ha MCpOnpH5ITH5I B ofinaCTH 3nH fiblno Hcnonb30BaHO OKono 20 MnH nonnCIIIA H3 nOliTH 80 MHnnHOHOB BblneneHHblX Ha nporpaMMY cneUHanbHblX rpaHTOB (ncr) EaHKa HenaBHHe nporpaMMbl no BonpocaM 3nH KOTopble fiblnH nonnep)KaHbl nOH nporpaMMoH BKnlOlialOT B cefiSl CneUHanbHYIO nporpaMMY HccnenoBaHHH pa3BHTHSI H ofiYlIeHHSI no BonpocaM BocnpoH3BoncTBa HaCeneHHSI nporpaMMY HccnenOBaHHH TponHlIecKHx fione3HeH B03tnP OOHIBceMHpHoro EaHKa Me)KnYHaponHYIO nporpaMMY no nonHTHKe B ofinaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI I-bYlIeHHe B03 MenHUHHCKHX HccnenoBaHHH H r nofianbHYIO HHHUHaTHBY no MHKponHTaTenbHblM BellleCTBaM
B nocnenHee BpeMSI Ha HccnenOBaHHSI H aHanH3 npofineM B ofinaCTH 3nH B KOHKpeTHblX cTpaHax e)KerOnHO BblnenSleTCSI H3 cpencTB 3aHMOB H KpenHToB npenOCTaBnSleMblX EaHKoM 50-75 MnH nonn CIIIA liTO COCTaBnSleT 5-6 OT Bcero OfibeMa KpenHTOBaHHSI SIBnSlSlCb KpynHblM HCTOllHHKOM IPHHaHcHpOBaHHSI HccnenOBaTenbCKHX pafioT B ofinaCTH 3nH npoBOnHMblX B cTpaHax-KnHeHTax
B cOCTaB OTnena EaHKa no CTpaTerHlIeCKHM HccnenOBaHHSIM BXOilSlT HeCKonbKO CneUHaflHCTOB no BonpocaM 3TIH 3a nocnenHHe ronbl )TOT OTnen npoBen PM HccnenoBaHHH B ofinaCTH 3nH H3pacXOnOBaB OKono 11 MnHnonnCIIIA HnH 8 ofilllero filOn)KeTa Ha HccnenOBaHHSI paBHOrO 145 MnHnonnCIIIA OnHoH H3 nocnenHHX KpynHblx pafioT KOTOPOH 3aHHManCSI )TOT OTnen fiblna nonrOTOBKa nOKnana no CflHJy U BonpocaM
pa3Bumu51 HccnenoBaTenbcKHH COBeT TaK)Ke OKa3bIBaeT nOnnep)KKY npOBeneHHIO HccnenOBaHHH B ofinaCTH 3nH Ha KOHKypCHOH OCHOBe
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16
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B KOHue 1996 qHHaHcoBoro rOlla HaClJHTbIBaJIOCb 154 lleHcTBYIOmHx npoeKToB B oTpacnH 3nH B 82 CTpaHax C 06mHM ypoBHeM qHHaHcHpOBaHHjI B 92 Mnpll1l0nnCIllA (ueHbI 1996) H 94 3aBepllleHHblx npoeKTa (CM npHnO)KeHHe G )eHCTBYIOmHe H 6YIlymHe npoeKTbI qHHaHcHpyeMble EaHKoMlMAP) C 1994 110 1996 rr qHHaHcoBoro rOlla OKono 48 qHHaHcHpOBaHHjI EaHKa COCTaBnjlnH KpellHTbI MAP npellOCTaBnjleMble 6ellHeHlllHM cTpaHaM MHpa 06IUHH 06neM HHocTpaHHoH nOMOIUH oTpacnH 3nH 3a nepHoll C 1985 no 1993 rOlla COCTaBHn OKono 2 MnpllllonnCIllA e)KerOIlHO B ueHax 1996 (3a HCKnIOlJeHHeM 3aHMOB EaHKa)
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bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
bull BHeceHHe H3MeHeHHH B npaBHJIa npOBeAeHHSI 3aKynoK B COUHaJIbHOH c4lepe H 60nbllIruI fH6KOCTb B HX
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24
rJIABA III
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25
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26
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27
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BcnenCTBHe OhlCTPOrO pOCTa 1HCna npoeKTOB
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28
OCHOBHYIO TpeBory BhI3hlBaIOT B03LleHCTBHe H
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BhlCOKOrO KaleCTBa naHKY He06xOLlHMO
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CTpaTerHIeCKYIO HanpaBneHHOCTh nonHTHKH B
06naCTH 3nH nOLlKpenneHHe KpeLlHTOBaHHjI
aHanH30M H HCCneLlOBaHHjlMH 60nhlllaji
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nOJIHTHKH B OOJIaCTH 3DH
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aHanHTHIeCKYIO OCHOBY peKmteHLlaUHH
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KOTophle HMeIOT 60nee BhlCOKHH ypOBeHh pHcKa
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nO Mepe TOro KaK naHK npOLlOn)KaeT
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pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
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rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
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pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
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3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
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29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
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1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
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BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
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npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
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Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
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MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
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nopTcpenSl
31
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32
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16
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npoeKToB B 0611acTH 3nH n011YllH11H peHTHHr
OTne11a 00[( KaK YCTOHlIHBhle OnHoH H3 npHlIHH
Heynall OCTa11hHhIX npoeKToB OKa3a110Ch
HenOCTaTOllHoe KalleCTBO 3KOHOMHlIeCKoro H
opraHH3aUHoHHoro aHa11H3a npone11aHHoro B xone
nonrOTOBKH npoeKTa a HMeHHO HeBHHMaHHe K
MaKp03KoHoMHlIecKHM qaKTopaM HenooueHKa
pa3Mepa TeKYlllHx pacxonoB H HenOCTaTOllHoro
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3Kcn11yaTaUHIO CTP0jllIHXCj Yllpe)l(neHHH
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3KOHOMHlIeCKHX Bhlron HeynOB11eTBopHTe11hHoe
pellleHHe Me)l(OTpaC11eBhIX BonpOCOB BK11lOlIaj
CHCTeMY rocynapCTBeHHOH C11Y)l(6hl PhlHOK
pa60lleH CH11hl nOTaUHH Ha nHTaHHe H n011HTHKY
B 0611aCTH Ha11oro06110)l(eHHj Ta6allHbiX H3ne11HH
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npoeKTOB B cqepe 3nH He06xonHMO OTMeTHTh
liTO HeCMOTpj Ha TO liTO aHa11H3 ponH
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B ropa3no 6011hllleM K011HlIeCTBe npoeKTOB HH B
onHOM H3 68 3aBeprneHHhiX npoeKToB B 0611aCTH
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TOro Bonpochl 3qqeKTHBHoCTH CHCTeMhl
3npaBooxpaHeHHj pellla11Hch B OCHOBHOM
nOMOlllhlO BOB11elleHHj rocynapcTBeHHoro ceKTopa
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3qqeKTY 3aMellleHHj liTO npHBOnH110 K
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21
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lfaCTHbIM CeKTOpOM H KOHTpOnR KalfeCTBa pellKO
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HeKOTOpbIe npoeKTbl ObinH COCpellOTOlfeHbI Ha
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H nOCnellHee Ha ITO XOTenOCb ObI
OOpaTHTb BHHMaHHe 3TO TOT qaKT ITO KaK
nOKa3aIlH HellaBHHe 0030PbI 00[( OTlfeTOB 0
peaIlH3aUHH 68 npoeKTOB TOflbKO 59 npoeKToB
B oonaCTH 3nH nonYlfHnH Y1l0BneTBopHTenbHYIO
oueHKY no cpaBHeHHIO C 81 npoeKToB B oTpacnH
oopa30BaHHR H 58 npoeKToB B uenOM no BceMY
naHKY flHlllb HeKoTopbIe npoeKTbI npellocTaBHnH
OOneKTHBHYIO 1l0KYMeHTaUHIO 0 B0311dicTBHH
MeponpHRTHH npoeKTa Ha nOKa3aTenH 3110POBbR
HaceneHHR pO)KllaeMOCTH H nHTaHHR middot nOCKonbKY
BeCbMa TPYllHO COOTHeCTH npoHcxoMIUHe
H3MeHeHHR C B0311eHCTBHeM KOHKpeTHbIX
npoeKTHbIX MeponpHRTHH OTCne)KHBaIlHCb
nOKa3aTenH pecypcbIlnpoueccbIlpe3ynb-TaTbl a He
nocnellCTBHR OT npOBelleHHbIX MeponpHRTHH
TaKHe BblBOllbI 3aCTaBHnH naHK
COCpellOTOlfHTb 1l0nonHHTenbHoe BHHMaHHe Ha
CHCTeMHbIX peqopMax BKnIOlfaR
lllHpoKOMaClllTaOHbie npeoopa30BaHHR B 06naCTH
311paBooxpaHeHHwqHHaHCHpOBaHHR a TaK)Ke Ha
BbInOnHeHHH 60nee ueneHanpaBneHHblX lleHCTBHH
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nHlllb He60nblllaR 1l0nR TaKHX npoeKToB ObU1a
3aBepllleHa rOIlOBOH 0630p pe3ynbTaToB pa60Tbi B
1996 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY nOKa3aIl ITO HenaBHO
HalfaTble npoeKTbl B 06naCTH 3nH HaXOllHnHCb Ha
80-OM cpellHeM ypOBHe naHKa no nOKa3aTen5IM
1l0CTH)KeHH5I 3allalf pa3BHTH5I H nporpecca B
peaIlH3aUHH
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npoeKTOB C HaIlHlfHeM qaKTopoB pHCKa
TeHlleHUH5I CHH)KeHH5I peHTHHrOB no Mepe
CTapeHHR KpellHTHoro nOpTqen5I H Hecnoc06HoCTb
HMeIOllleHC5I CHCTeMbl 0630poB npellOTBpaTHTh
TaKHe npo6neMbI nonee Toro B 1994-1996
qHHaHcoBbIX rOllax Ha6nIOilaIlOCb 3HalfHTenbHoe
cOKpallleHHe pecypcoB BbIllenReMblX Ha
KOHTponhHbIe MepOnpH5ITHR nnarOllap5I
HellaBHeMY POCTY BHHMaHHR K nOBblllleHHIO
KalfeCTBa TaKaR TeHlleHllH5I 6blna YCTPaHeHa B
1997 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY (CMnpHnO)KeHHe E llflR
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22
nOMHMO oueHKH KOHKpeTHbIX
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ITO K KOHUY 1996 qHHaHcoBoro rOlla oonee lfeM B
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CBR3aHHbIe C oTpacnbIO 3nH B 3THX npoeKTax
obIna npellnpHH5ITa nonbITKa pelllHTb CnO)KHbIe
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naHKa H COOTHOllleHHH nepCOHaIla K ypOBHIO
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oueHKY c HaIlHlfHeM CTeneHH pHcKa B HalfaIle
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npoeKTOB BBHJly HaJIHlJHjJ np06neM CBjJ3aHHhIX C
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np06neM C OpraHH3aUHOHHhIM nOTeHUHanOM
BBHJly CnmlltHOH CTpyKTyphI npOeKTa H np06neM B
npOBeJleHHH 3aKynoK HCnOnh30BaHHH 3aeMHhIX
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3nH H OCMhIcneHHjJ HaKonneHHoro onhITa B
6e)KeHueB MenneHHOH H HepOBHOH peaJIH3aUHeH
npoeKTOB B CTpaHax C lgteJlepaTHBHOH CTpyKTypOH
1980-x rr Ha Ka)KJlhIH nOTpalJeHHhIH Jlonnap
(aJlMHHHCTpaTHBHhIH 6IOJl)KeT EaHKa nnIOC
TpaCTOBhle lgtOHJlhI KOHcynhTaHTOB) Ha npoeKThI B
clgtepe 3nH 6hlno BhIJleneHO B KalJeCTBe KpeJlHTOB
35 JlonnClllA no cpaBHeHHIO C 60nee lJeM 60
JlonnClllA B 1996 lgtHHaHcoBoM rOJlY H 30 Jlonn ClllA B cpeJlHeM no EaHKY TpacToBhle lgtOHJlhI -shy
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3nH TaKajJ TeHJleHUHjJ He MO)KeT HOCHTh
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KOHCOnHJlaUHH KpeJlHTHOrO nopTlgtenjJ
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B0306HOBneHHjJ npHBep)KeHHOCTH pelgt0pMaM B
OTpacnH 3nH B rnaBe 3 H3naraIOTCjJ cTpaTerHH
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23
DpeAllaraeMhle nyTH AOCTH)KeHHB pe3YJIhTaTHBHOCTH npOeKTOB B OTpaCJIH 3DH
06eCneleHHe KaleCTBa B xone nOnrOTOBKH npoeKTa
bull PaCWHpeHHe YIaCTHB CTPaHhlmiddot38eM~HKa B nOnrOTOBKe npoeKTa bullbull JIJUI paClllHpeHHR BnaJleHHR
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bull YIeT AeueUTpaJIB30BaUHoro xapaKTepa COUHaJIhHhlX CeKTOpOB
bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
bull BHeceHHe H3MeHeHHH B npaBHJIa npOBeAeHHSI 3aKynoK B COUHaJIbHOH c4lepe H 60nbllIruI fH6KOCTb B HX
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24
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
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25
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26
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27
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28
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pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
OCMhicneHHe onhlTa pelgtOpMHpOBaHHjI CHCTeM
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
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Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
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29
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0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
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1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
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30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
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npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
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H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
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nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
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(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
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non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
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C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
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no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
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nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
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19
1
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XOTjI 3a nocnellHHe 10 neT pa3Mep KpellHTHoro nopTqenji B 06naCTH 3nH pOC 6bICTPbIMH TeMnaMH Ha6nIOIlaJIHCb 3HalJHTenbHble Kone6aHHjI B ypOBHjlX e)KerOIlHOro qHHaHcHpOBaHHjI 1996 qHHaHcoBbIH rOil 6bln peKopllHo BbICOKHM C ypoBHeM B 24 Mnpll1l0nnCIllA HOBoro qHHaHcHpOBaHHjI no cpaBHeHHIO C 11 MnpllllonnCIllA B 1995 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY H 09 MnpllllonnCIllA B 1997 qHHaHcoBoM roilY 3aMeTHbIH POCT qHHaHCHpOBaHHjI B 1996 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY npoH30111en 6narollapjl YTBep)KlleHHIO njITH KpynHhlx 3aHMOB B pa3Mepe OT 270 MnH J]onn CIllA J]O 350 MnH Ilonn CIllA no cpaBHeHHIO co cpellHHM pa3MepoM 3aHMa B 50-60 MnH 1l0nn CIllA Ha npoeKT B 06naCTH 3nH H cpellHHM pa3MepoM 3aHMa EaHKa B 80 MnH Ilonn CIllA
Ha OCHOBaHHH nnaHHpyeMhlx npoeKToB MO)KHO CJ]enaTb BbIBOIl 0 TOM lJTO B TelJeHHH 1998shy2000 qHHaHcoBbIX rOJ]OB 6yJ]eT Ha6nIOIlaTbCjI
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qHHaHcHpOBaHHjI B 15 MnPIl Ilonn CIllA H 22 HOBblMH npoeKTaMH B roJ] nocne BbllJeTa 06bIlJHOrO 40-ro CHH)KeHHjI (CMnpHnO)KeHHe E)
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20
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21
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24
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
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ApreHTHHe lJelllcKoH PecnyonHKe HopnaHHH H
IO)KHOH AlPpHKe EaHK oyneT aKTHBHO H3YlaTh
BonpOChl KacalOlllHeCjI npenOCTaBneHHjI nOMOIllH
TaKHM CTPaHaM
LJnjl peanH3aUHH TaKOH CTpaTerHH EaHKY
HeooxonHMO oonee TeCHO cOTpynHHIaTh He
TonhKO C MHHHCTepcTBaMH 3npaBooxpaHeHHjI HO
H C MHHHCTepCTBaMH IPHHaHCOB H COUHaJIhHOH
3alllHThl jlBnjlI()lllHMHCjI OCHOBHhlMH
YlaCTHHKaMH B 3TOH 06nacTH rpynna no
BonpocaM 3nH oyneT TeCHO cOTpynHHIaTh C
OObenHHeHHeM CneUHaJIHCTOB EaHKa no BonpocaM
CHH)KeHHjI ypOBHjI oenHOCTH H ynpaBneHHjI
3KOHOMHKOH
YcuneHue B03AeucTBuR u nOBblmeHue pe3ynbTaTuBHOCTu
EaHK HalaJI paClllHpeHHe CBoeH nejITenhHOCTH B
oonaCTH 3nH IIpHMepHO neCjlTh neT Ha3an
BcnenCTBHe OhlCTPOrO pOCTa 1HCna npoeKTOB
Ohino nOBonhHO CnO)KHO OOeCnelHTh onHHaKOBoe
KaleCTBO TaK)Ke HaOnlOnaJIaCh HeKOTOp~
IPparMeHTapHOCTh nejITenhHOCTH OnHaKO
28
OCHOBHYIO TpeBory BhI3hlBaIOT B03LleHCTBHe H
pe3ynhTaTHBHOCTh npOeKTOB llnjl BhmOnHeHHjI
CTpaTerHH H3nO)KeHHOH B LlaHHoM LloKYMeHTe
MaKCHMH3aUHH B03LleHCTBHjI HHBeCTHUHH H
06eCneleHHjI nOnYIeHHjI KnHeHTaMH ycnyr
BhlCOKOrO KaleCTBa naHKY He06xOLlHMO
CneLloBaTh 1eThlpeM npHHUHnaM ynop Ha
CTpaTerHIeCKYIO HanpaBneHHOCTh nonHTHKH B
06naCTH 3nH nOLlKpenneHHe KpeLlHTOBaHHjI
aHanH30M H HCCneLlOBaHHjlMH 60nhlllaji
H36HpaTenhHOCTh B npOeKTaX H ynylllleHHe
06CnY)KHBaHHjI CTpaH-KnHeHTOB HH)Ke 3TH
npHHUHnhl npeLlCTaBneHhl B 60nee nOLlp06HOM
H3nO)KeHHH
Ynop Ha crpaTerHqeCKHe npHopHTeTbl
nOJIHTHKH B OOJIaCTH 3DH
CTpaTerHH pa3BHTHjI B 06naCTH 3nH
OXBaThlBaIOT nepHoLl OT 10 LlO 15 neT ITO
npeBhllllaeT UHKn 60nhlllHHCTBa npoeKToB (5-8 neT) H HHLlHBHLlyanhHhle 3aLlaHHjI COTPYLlHHKOB
naHKa (1-4 rOlla) YIHThIBaji TaKYIO np06neMY
1pe3BhllaHHO Ba)KHO coCpeLlOTOlHTh KOHKpeTHhle
CTpaTerHH B 06nacTH 3nH H3nO)KeHHhle B
Ka)KLlOH H3 CTpaTerHH nOMOIl(H CTpaHe (CnC) a
TaK)Ke peKoMeHLlaUHH KpeLlHToBaHHe H
HccneLlOBaHHjI Ha cpeLlHeCpOlHhiX 3aLlalaX H
KpaTKOCpOlHhIX Mepax cooTBeTCTBYIOIl(HX TpeM
npHopHTeTHhlM 06naCTjlM B clgtepe 3nH
H3nO)KeHHhIM Bhlllle
CDC 6YLleT Hcnonh30BaHa B KaleCTBe
KnIOIeBOrO HHCTpYMeHTa nepeLlalH MHeHHjI naHKa
o npHopHTeTax B clgtepe 3nH B XOLle LlHanora C
PYKOBOLlHTenjlMH CTpaH CneUHanHcThl naHKa B
06naCTH 3nH 6YLlYT pa60TaTh B TeCHOM
COTpYLlHHIeCTBe co CTpaHOBhlMH OTLlenaMH no
nOLlrOTOBKe CTpaTerHH nOMOIl(H TeM CTpaHaM B
KOTOPhlX HMeIOTCjI HaH60nee Cephe3Hhie
CHCTeMHhle np06neMhi B OTpacnH 3nH
(CMnpHnO)KeHHe A Llfljl peHTHHra cTpaH no
Ka)KLloH npHopHTeTHoH 06nacTH 3nH)
CneUHanHcThl B 06nacTH 3nH TaK)Ke 6YLleT
COTpYLlHHIaTh 60nee TeCHhlM 06pa30M co
cneUHanHCTaMH B 06nacTH 06pa30BaHHjI H
cOUHanhHoH 3aWHThl Llfljl pa3pa60TKH
KOnHIeCTBeHHhIX nOKa3aTeneH IgtopMHpOBaHHjI
1enOBeleCKOrO KanHTana H npoH3BoLlHTenhHoCTH
TpyLla KOTophle MoryT 6hlTh BKnIOIeHhl B
aHanHTHIeCKYIO OCHOBY peKmteHLlaUHH
npeLlnaraeMhlx B Cnc PYKOBOLlCTBO naHK-a 6YLleT
BhI60pOlHO KOHTpOnHpOBaTh xOLl npoeKToB
pe3ynhTaThi pa60Thi CHCTeM 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H
nOKa3aTenH IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHjI oTpacnH B cTpaHax
KOTophle HMeIOT 60nee BhlCOKHH ypOBeHh pHcKa
DOAKpenJIeHHe KpeAHToBaHHB
aHaJIHTHQeCKOH paooToH H HCCJ1eAOBaHHBMH
nO Mepe TOro KaK naHK npOLlOn)KaeT
nepeHocHTh ynop B CBoeH LleBTenhHOCTH
IgtH3HIeCKHX aKTHBOB H pe3ynhTaToB Ha npouecc
He06xoLlHMO 3KcnepHMeHTHpoBaTh H
OCMhlcnHBaTh nonYleHHhlH onhlT llnB 3Toro
He06xoLlHMO TluaTenhHO pa3pa6aThiBaTh
3KcnepHMeHTanhHhie npoeKThl KOHTponHpoBaTh
HX peanH3aUHIO H aHanH3HpoBaTh pe3ynhTaThl a
TaK)Ke LlenaTh 60nhlllHH ynop Ha pa3pa60TKY H
KOHTpOnh 3a BhmonHeHHeM HccneLlOBaTenhCKHX
KOMnOHeHTOB HHBeCTHUHOHHhlX npoeKToB
CneLlyeT 06paTHTh 60nhlUe BHHMaHHB Ha
(a) Bonpochl pearHpOBaHHjI OTLlenhHhlX nHU H
ceMeH Ha ueHoBYIO nonHTHKY KaleCTBO LlocTyn
MeLlHUHHCKoro 06cnY)KHBaHHjI H oxpaHhl
3LlOPOBhjl HaCeneHHjI KOHKpeTHhle MepOnpHjlTHjI
COleTaHHe rocYLlapCTBaiaCTHoro ceKTopa H
pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
noompeHHe nHU H ceMeH 6paTh BCIO nonHoTY
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH Ha ce6j1 3a CBoe 3LlopOBhe H
YlaCTBOBaTh B npouecce npHHSITHjI pellleHHH (B)
H3YQeHHe lgtaKTopoB BnHjlIOIl(HX Ha pe3ynhTaThi
pa60Thi CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI BKnIOIajl
nonHTHIeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO pelgtopM ynpaBneHHe H
opraHH3aUHOHHhie acneKThl (r) H3YleHHe
npouecca 06eCneleHHjI YCTOHIHBoro ypOBHjI
IgtHHaHCHpoBaHHjI 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H cOBMellleHHjI
PHCKOB H Toro KaK Hcnonh30BaTh pe3ynhTaThl
nonYleHHhle B XOLle 0630pOB 3aTpaT Ha
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHe (HaceneHHjI H H3
rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
npeLlnpHsITHH) Llnjl onpeLleneHHjI OTpacneBhlX
npHopHTeTOB (pellleHHH 0 pacnpeLleneHHH
pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
OCMhicneHHe onhlTa pelgtOpMHpOBaHHjI CHCTeM
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHeM H
29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
BO-BTOPblX HeofixonHMO TpaTHTb 60nbllle
BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
ypOKOB B xone nnaHHpOBaHHSI H peanH3aUHH
npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
3neMeHTbl KOTopble ofieCnelJHBalOT
KalJeCTBeHHOCTb npoeKTa nYTeM npHMeHeHHSI
HMeIOIUHXCSI HHCTpYMeHTOB OTpacneBoro
3KOHOMHlJeCKOrO opraHH3aUHOHHoro aHanH3a H
oueHKH nOTeHUHanbHoro pHCKa Eonbllle BpeMeHH
HeofixonHMO ynenSITb anpofiaUHH HOBblX
nonxonoB BKnlOlJaSl IllHpOKOMaCllITafiHble
OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
npHeMneMoro cpOKa Y CHnHSI fiynyT
npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
npHBepJKeHHOCTH K BblfipaHHOH nonHTHKe npH
CMeHe npaBHTenbCTB HHCTHTYUHOHanbHoe
npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
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KpenHTOBaHHSI JrO npenYCMaTpHBaeT fionbillee
Hcnonb30BaHHe IllHpoKHX OTpacneBblX nonXonOB H
3aHMOB MSI nOnnepJKKH CHCTeMHblX pecpopM
HOBblX MHKPO MHHH H ananTHpOBaHHblX
HHBeCTHUHOHHblX 3aHMOB no Mepe HX HanHlJHSI
Hcnonb30BaHHe fionee MenKHX H HHHOBaUHOHHblX
3aHMOB nOMOJKeT H3fieJKaTb CnOJKHblX
nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
nOKYMeHTaUHH
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npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
fiynyT npOBOnHTbCSI onpOCbl HaCeneHHSI nnSl
BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
EaHKa Ha pa3BHTHe
KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
B 3TOH ccpepe COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHe pafiOTbl CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H HX cpHHaHCHpOBaHHSI EaHKY
HeofixonHMO npHHSITb Mepbl no YKpenneHHIO
cofiCTBeHHoro nOTeHUHana H nOTeHUHana
3aeMIUHKOB no npoBeneHHIO MOHHTopHHra H
aHanH3a nporpecca B nOCTHJKeHHH nOCTaBneHHblX
3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
HHcpopMaUHSI ofi OCHOBHblX npofineMax B ccpepe
3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
ypoBHeM noxona H perHoHaM B KOTOPblX
3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
3KOHOMHlJeCKHX H npOlJHX COUHanbHblX
neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
CHCTeM 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H npOlJHX naHHblX
YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
nepelJeHb nOKa3aTeneH MSI oueHKH
pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
Hcnonb30BaHHSI Ha rrpaKTHKe (npH3HaHHe
B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
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nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
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32
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33
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nOJ1HTHlJeCKH lJYBCTBHTeJ1hHhle BonpoChl lJaCTO
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HaponOHaCeJ1eHHjI H pa3BHTHjI B KaHpe B 1994 (CMnpHJ10)KeHHe B) non06Hhie nOnXOllhl
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18
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pa3Mepe 2 MnHuonnCIllA Ha MepOnpHHTHjf no
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19
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B KOHue 1996 qHHaHcoBoro rOlla HaClJHTbIBaJIOCb 154 lleHcTBYIOmHx npoeKToB B oTpacnH 3nH B 82 CTpaHax C 06mHM ypoBHeM qHHaHcHpOBaHHjI B 92 Mnpll1l0nnCIllA (ueHbI 1996) H 94 3aBepllleHHblx npoeKTa (CM npHnO)KeHHe G )eHCTBYIOmHe H 6YIlymHe npoeKTbI qHHaHcHpyeMble EaHKoMlMAP) C 1994 110 1996 rr qHHaHcoBoro rOlla OKono 48 qHHaHcHpOBaHHjI EaHKa COCTaBnjlnH KpellHTbI MAP npellOCTaBnjleMble 6ellHeHlllHM cTpaHaM MHpa 06IUHH 06neM HHocTpaHHoH nOMOIUH oTpacnH 3nH 3a nepHoll C 1985 no 1993 rOlla COCTaBHn OKono 2 MnpllllonnCIllA e)KerOIlHO B ueHax 1996 (3a HCKnIOlJeHHeM 3aHMOB EaHKa)
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bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
bull BHeceHHe H3MeHeHHH B npaBHJIa npOBeAeHHSI 3aKynoK B COUHaJIbHOH c4lepe H 60nbllIruI fH6KOCTb B HX
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24
rJIABA III
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25
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26
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27
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BcnenCTBHe OhlCTPOrO pOCTa 1HCna npoeKTOB
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28
OCHOBHYIO TpeBory BhI3hlBaIOT B03LleHCTBHe H
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BhlCOKOrO KaleCTBa naHKY He06xOLlHMO
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CTpaTerHIeCKYIO HanpaBneHHOCTh nonHTHKH B
06naCTH 3nH nOLlKpenneHHe KpeLlHTOBaHHjI
aHanH30M H HCCneLlOBaHHjlMH 60nhlllaji
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nOJIHTHKH B OOJIaCTH 3DH
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aHanHTHIeCKYIO OCHOBY peKmteHLlaUHH
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KOTophle HMeIOT 60nee BhlCOKHH ypOBeHh pHcKa
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nO Mepe TOro KaK naHK npOLlOn)KaeT
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pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
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rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
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pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
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3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
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29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
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1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
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BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
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npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
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Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
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MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
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nopTcpenSl
31
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32
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33
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19
1
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Ha OCHOBaHHH nnaHHpyeMhlx npoeKToB MO)KHO CJ]enaTb BbIBOIl 0 TOM lJTO B TelJeHHH 1998shy2000 qHHaHcoBbIX rOJ]OB 6yJ]eT Ha6nIOIlaTbCjI
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20
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21
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24
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25
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26
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27
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28
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BhlCOKOrO KaleCTBa naHKY He06xOLlHMO
CneLloBaTh 1eThlpeM npHHUHnaM ynop Ha
CTpaTerHIeCKYIO HanpaBneHHOCTh nonHTHKH B
06naCTH 3nH nOLlKpenneHHe KpeLlHTOBaHHjI
aHanH30M H HCCneLlOBaHHjlMH 60nhlllaji
H36HpaTenhHOCTh B npOeKTaX H ynylllleHHe
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npHHUHnhl npeLlCTaBneHhl B 60nee nOLlp06HOM
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Ynop Ha crpaTerHqeCKHe npHopHTeTbl
nOJIHTHKH B OOJIaCTH 3DH
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OXBaThlBaIOT nepHoLl OT 10 LlO 15 neT ITO
npeBhllllaeT UHKn 60nhlllHHCTBa npoeKToB (5-8 neT) H HHLlHBHLlyanhHhle 3aLlaHHjI COTPYLlHHKOB
naHKa (1-4 rOlla) YIHThIBaji TaKYIO np06neMY
1pe3BhllaHHO Ba)KHO coCpeLlOTOlHTh KOHKpeTHhle
CTpaTerHH B 06nacTH 3nH H3nO)KeHHhle B
Ka)KLlOH H3 CTpaTerHH nOMOIl(H CTpaHe (CnC) a
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npHopHTeTHhlM 06naCTjlM B clgtepe 3nH
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CDC 6YLleT Hcnonh30BaHa B KaleCTBe
KnIOIeBOrO HHCTpYMeHTa nepeLlalH MHeHHjI naHKa
o npHopHTeTax B clgtepe 3nH B XOLle LlHanora C
PYKOBOLlHTenjlMH CTpaH CneUHanHcThl naHKa B
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COTpYLlHHIeCTBe co CTpaHOBhlMH OTLlenaMH no
nOLlrOTOBKe CTpaTerHH nOMOIl(H TeM CTpaHaM B
KOTOPhlX HMeIOTCjI HaH60nee Cephe3Hhie
CHCTeMHhle np06neMhi B OTpacnH 3nH
(CMnpHnO)KeHHe A Llfljl peHTHHra cTpaH no
Ka)KLloH npHopHTeTHoH 06nacTH 3nH)
CneUHanHcThl B 06nacTH 3nH TaK)Ke 6YLleT
COTpYLlHHIaTh 60nee TeCHhlM 06pa30M co
cneUHanHCTaMH B 06nacTH 06pa30BaHHjI H
cOUHanhHoH 3aWHThl Llfljl pa3pa60TKH
KOnHIeCTBeHHhIX nOKa3aTeneH IgtopMHpOBaHHjI
1enOBeleCKOrO KanHTana H npoH3BoLlHTenhHoCTH
TpyLla KOTophle MoryT 6hlTh BKnIOIeHhl B
aHanHTHIeCKYIO OCHOBY peKmteHLlaUHH
npeLlnaraeMhlx B Cnc PYKOBOLlCTBO naHK-a 6YLleT
BhI60pOlHO KOHTpOnHpOBaTh xOLl npoeKToB
pe3ynhTaThi pa60Thi CHCTeM 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H
nOKa3aTenH IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHjI oTpacnH B cTpaHax
KOTophle HMeIOT 60nee BhlCOKHH ypOBeHh pHcKa
DOAKpenJIeHHe KpeAHToBaHHB
aHaJIHTHQeCKOH paooToH H HCCJ1eAOBaHHBMH
nO Mepe TOro KaK naHK npOLlOn)KaeT
nepeHocHTh ynop B CBoeH LleBTenhHOCTH
IgtH3HIeCKHX aKTHBOB H pe3ynhTaToB Ha npouecc
He06xoLlHMO 3KcnepHMeHTHpoBaTh H
OCMhlcnHBaTh nonYleHHhlH onhlT llnB 3Toro
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3KcnepHMeHTanhHhie npoeKThl KOHTponHpoBaTh
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TaK)Ke LlenaTh 60nhlllHH ynop Ha pa3pa60TKY H
KOHTpOnh 3a BhmonHeHHeM HccneLlOBaTenhCKHX
KOMnOHeHTOB HHBeCTHUHOHHhlX npoeKToB
CneLlyeT 06paTHTh 60nhlUe BHHMaHHB Ha
(a) Bonpochl pearHpOBaHHjI OTLlenhHhlX nHU H
ceMeH Ha ueHoBYIO nonHTHKY KaleCTBO LlocTyn
MeLlHUHHCKoro 06cnY)KHBaHHjI H oxpaHhl
3LlOPOBhjl HaCeneHHjI KOHKpeTHhle MepOnpHjlTHjI
COleTaHHe rocYLlapCTBaiaCTHoro ceKTopa H
pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
noompeHHe nHU H ceMeH 6paTh BCIO nonHoTY
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH Ha ce6j1 3a CBoe 3LlopOBhe H
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opraHH3aUHOHHhie acneKThl (r) H3YleHHe
npouecca 06eCneleHHjI YCTOHIHBoro ypOBHjI
IgtHHaHCHpoBaHHjI 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H cOBMellleHHjI
PHCKOB H Toro KaK Hcnonh30BaTh pe3ynhTaThl
nonYleHHhle B XOLle 0630pOB 3aTpaT Ha
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rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
npeLlnpHsITHH) Llnjl onpeLleneHHjI OTpacneBhlX
npHopHTeTOB (pellleHHH 0 pacnpeLleneHHH
pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
OCMhicneHHe onhlTa pelgtOpMHpOBaHHjI CHCTeM
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHeM H
29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
BO-BTOPblX HeofixonHMO TpaTHTb 60nbllle
BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
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npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
3neMeHTbl KOTopble ofieCnelJHBalOT
KalJeCTBeHHOCTb npoeKTa nYTeM npHMeHeHHSI
HMeIOIUHXCSI HHCTpYMeHTOB OTpacneBoro
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oueHKH nOTeHUHanbHoro pHCKa Eonbllle BpeMeHH
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nonxonoB BKnlOlJaSl IllHpOKOMaCllITafiHble
OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
npHeMneMoro cpOKa Y CHnHSI fiynyT
npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
npHBepJKeHHOCTH K BblfipaHHOH nonHTHKe npH
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npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
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3aHMOB MSI nOnnepJKKH CHCTeMHblX pecpopM
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nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
nOKYMeHTaUHH
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npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
fiynyT npOBOnHTbCSI onpOCbl HaCeneHHSI nnSl
BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
EaHKa Ha pa3BHTHe
KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
B 3TOH ccpepe COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHe pafiOTbl CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H HX cpHHaHCHpOBaHHSI EaHKY
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cofiCTBeHHoro nOTeHUHana H nOTeHUHana
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3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
HHcpopMaUHSI ofi OCHOBHblX npofineMax B ccpepe
3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
ypoBHeM noxona H perHoHaM B KOTOPblX
3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
3KOHOMHlJeCKHX H npOlJHX COUHanbHblX
neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
CHCTeM 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H npOlJHX naHHblX
YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
nepelJeHb nOKa3aTeneH MSI oueHKH
pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
Hcnonb30BaHHSI Ha rrpaKTHKe (npH3HaHHe
B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
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nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
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32
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33
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20
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21
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CTapeHHR KpellHTHoro nOpTqen5I H Hecnoc06HoCTb
HMeIOllleHC5I CHCTeMbl 0630poB npellOTBpaTHTh
TaKHe npo6neMbI nonee Toro B 1994-1996
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22
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23
DpeAllaraeMhle nyTH AOCTH)KeHHB pe3YJIhTaTHBHOCTH npOeKTOB B OTpaCJIH 3DH
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24
rJIABA III
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25
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26
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27
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28
OCHOBHYIO TpeBory BhI3hlBaIOT B03LleHCTBHe H
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pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
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29
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llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
BO-BTOPblX HeofixonHMO TpaTHTb 60nbllle
BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
ypOKOB B xone nnaHHpOBaHHSI H peanH3aUHH
npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
3neMeHTbl KOTopble ofieCnelJHBalOT
KalJeCTBeHHOCTb npoeKTa nYTeM npHMeHeHHSI
HMeIOIUHXCSI HHCTpYMeHTOB OTpacneBoro
3KOHOMHlJeCKOrO opraHH3aUHOHHoro aHanH3a H
oueHKH nOTeHUHanbHoro pHCKa Eonbllle BpeMeHH
HeofixonHMO ynenSITb anpofiaUHH HOBblX
nonxonoB BKnlOlJaSl IllHpOKOMaCllITafiHble
OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
npHeMneMoro cpOKa Y CHnHSI fiynyT
npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
npHBepJKeHHOCTH K BblfipaHHOH nonHTHKe npH
CMeHe npaBHTenbCTB HHCTHTYUHOHanbHoe
npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
B-TpeTbHX fiyneT onpofiOBaH fionee
rHfiKHH H IllHpOKHH Ha60p HHCTpYMeHTOB
KpenHTOBaHHSI JrO npenYCMaTpHBaeT fionbillee
Hcnonb30BaHHe IllHpoKHX OTpacneBblX nonXonOB H
3aHMOB MSI nOnnepJKKH CHCTeMHblX pecpopM
HOBblX MHKPO MHHH H ananTHpOBaHHblX
HHBeCTHUHOHHblX 3aHMOB no Mepe HX HanHlJHSI
Hcnonb30BaHHe fionee MenKHX H HHHOBaUHOHHblX
3aHMOB nOMOJKeT H3fieJKaTb CnOJKHblX
nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
nOKYMeHTaUHH
YlJHTblBaSl BaJKHOCTb KalJeCTBeHHOrO
npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
fiynyT npOBOnHTbCSI onpOCbl HaCeneHHSI nnSl
BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
EaHKa Ha pa3BHTHe
KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
B 3TOH ccpepe COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHe pafiOTbl CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H HX cpHHaHCHpOBaHHSI EaHKY
HeofixonHMO npHHSITb Mepbl no YKpenneHHIO
cofiCTBeHHoro nOTeHUHana H nOTeHUHana
3aeMIUHKOB no npoBeneHHIO MOHHTopHHra H
aHanH3a nporpecca B nOCTHJKeHHH nOCTaBneHHblX
3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
HHcpopMaUHSI ofi OCHOBHblX npofineMax B ccpepe
3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
ypoBHeM noxona H perHoHaM B KOTOPblX
3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
3KOHOMHlJeCKHX H npOlJHX COUHanbHblX
neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
CHCTeM 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H npOlJHX naHHblX
YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
nepelJeHb nOKa3aTeneH MSI oueHKH
pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
Hcnonb30BaHHSI Ha rrpaKTHKe (npH3HaHHe
B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
peCTpYKTYpH3aUHlO HMeIOIUerOCSI KpellHTHOrO
nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
EaHKOM KOHTpOJl~ H oueHKH HX peaJlH3aUHH H
(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
EyneT YKpenJleHO cOTpynHH-IecTBo EaHKa
C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
6yneT npOnOJlJKaTb OKa3bIBaTb nOnnepJKKY
HenaBHO C03naHHOMY MeJKnYHaponHOMY IgtOPYMY
no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
CneUHaJlbHblX rpaHTOB ltlgtOPYM cnoc06cTByeT
cocpenOTO-leHHIO HCCJlenOBaTeJlbCKHX pecypcoB Ha
npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
pacnpOCTpaHeHH~ MHKp060B cnoc06HblX
npOTHBOCTORTb BaKUHHaM BO-BTOPbIX 6yneT
noompRTbCJI npOllOJlJKeHHe IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ H3
cpenCTB rpaHTOB npHopHTeTHblX MeJKnYHaponHbIX
HHHUHaTHB yJly-llllalOlUHX 06MeH onblTOM B
06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
COTPYnHH-IaTb C lgtapMaueBTH-IeCKOH BaKUHHHOH H
6HOTeXHOJlOrH-IeCKOH npOMbIlllJleHHOCTblO no
YKpenJleHHIO HCCJlenOBaHHH H nOJlY-leHHIO
nponYKTOB He06xollHMblX nnR 6enHoro HaCeJleHH5I
B CTpaHax C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona KaK- TO
HOBble JleKapCTBa OT MaJl5lpHH
npoTHBoTy6epKYJle3Hble BaKUHHbl 60Jlee
COBepllleHHble MeTonbl nHarHOCTHKH
BeHepH-IeCKHX 3a60JleBaHHH EaHK 6yneT TaKJKe
HCKaTb nyTH paClllHpeHH~ CBoeH nOnnepJKKH
MeJKnYHaponHOH HHHUHaTHBbl no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla nporpaMMbl OOH no 60Pb6e
CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla
TaKJKe 6ynYT npennpHH~bl naJlbHeHlllHe
yCHJlH~ no paClllHpeHHIO napTHepCTBa EaHKa C
npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no 60Pb6e C 60Jle3HblO
pe-lHOH CJlenOTbl H B ueJl~X OKa3aHH~ nOnnepJKKH
npyrHM MeJKnYHaponHblM HHHUHaTHBaM B clgtepe
3nH nOTeHUHaJlbHO HMelOlUHM 3Ha-lHTeJlbHblH
BHelllHHH 31gt1gteKT B03MOJKHblMH HanpaBJleHH~MH
COTPYnHH-IeCTBa ~BJl~IOTC~ nOnnepJKKa CTpaH
AIgtPHKH B HX 60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH MaJl~PHH
pa60Ta C B03 H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no
60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH Ty6epKYJle3a H
nponaraHnHpOBaHHe HHTerpHpOBaHHoro nonxona K
Jle-leHHIO 3a60JleBaHHH neTCKoro B03paCTa
OT Bu~eHUB npooneM K ~eHCTBUIO
PeaJlH3aUHR CTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH
6yneT TeCHO CBR3aHa C HOBblM CTpaTerH-IeCKHM
corJlallleHHeM no opraHH3aUHOHHOMY pa3BHTHlO
EaHKa Ha OCHOBe nOCTaBJleHHblX 3ana-l H 06lUero
nJlaHa neHCTBHH OTpaCJleBOH COBeT pa3pa60TaeT B
COTPYnHH-IeCTBe C perHOHaJlbHblMH
nenapTaMeHTaMH CTpaTerH-IeCKYIO MaTpHUY
(npHJlOJKeHHe F) H nepe-lHH nOKa3aTeJleH
pe3YJlbTaTOB no KOTOPblM 6yneT oueHHBaTbC~
ne~eJlbHOCTb EaHKa npH nonrOTOBKe OTpaCJleBOH
cTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH Ha CJlenYlOlUHH nepHon
nOcpenCTBOM TaKHX Mep 6yneT paClllHpeH
BKJlan EaHKa B MeJKnYHaponHble yCHJlH~ no
YKpenJleHHIO COUHaJlbHOrO pa3BHTHR B nepBoe
neC~HJleTHe 21-ro BeKa EaHK HaMepeH H B
naJlbHeHllleM HHlgtopMHpoBaTb MHpOBylO
06lUeCTBeHHOCTb no BOnpocaM KacaIOIUHXC~
nOJlHTHKH B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ OKa3bIBaR
CBoe BJlH~HHe Ha HanpaBJleHHe MeJKnYHapOnHblX
ne6aTOB 0 pa3BHTHH MHPOBblX CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHH5I H yKpenJl~51 naPTHepCTBO H
cOTpynHH-IecTBO CO CBOHMH KJlHeHTaMH H npyrHMH
opraHH3aUH~MH
33
MAP paHee aBTOManllleCKH HanpaBJUl11HCh B
6enHeHlllHe CTpaHhl TaKoH nonxon COBnana11 C
n011HTHKOH MHorHX rocynapcTB B oTpac11H 3nH H
lllHpOKHM Me)l(nYHaponHhlM KOHceHcycoM 0 TOM
liTO nOBhlllleHHe nocTyna K OCHOBHhlM ycnyraM
aBTOMaTHlIeCKH npHBonHT K y 11YllllleHHIO
nOKa3aTeneH
K CO)l(a11eHHIO KanHTa110B110)l(eHHj H
cHa6)1(eHHe pacxonHhlMH MaTepHa11aMH
COCTaB11jj]H TonhKO lIaCTh pellleHHj np0611eM
Ha11wmiddotme cnpoca TaK)I(e jB11jeTCj Ba)l(HhlM
qaKTopOM H60 TOBaphl H ycnyrH n011)1(Hhl 6hlTh
Hcn011h30BaHhl lIT06hl 6hlTh 3qqeKTHBHhIMH
MHeHHj Hace11eHHj 0 KalleCTBe H 3qqeKTHBHOCTH
11elleHHj OTHOllleHHe npOH3BonHTe11eH
MenHUHHCKHX yC11yr H Ha11HlIHe Ba)l(HeHlllHX
nOTpe6HTe11hCKHX TOBapOB BK11lOlIaj
MenHKaMeHThl BO MHOroM onpene11jIOT
3qIPeKTHBHOCTh Hcn011h30BaHHj cpenCTB
Xa11aTHOCTh npOjB11eHHaj B ynpaB11eHHH
nporpaMMaMH H B HX pea11H3aUHH KaK TO
KpaTKOBpeMeHHhlH pa3phIB B X0110nOBOH uenH
BaKUHHaUHH H11H OTCYTCTBHe CBoeBpeMeHHoro
pellleHHj 0 Bhlnalle HanpaB11eHHj Ha 11elleHHe
C110)l(HhIX rHHeKonorHlIeCKHX 3a6011eBaHHH TaK)I(e
MO)l(eT CBeCTH Ha HeT 3qqeKTHBHOCTh BceH
nporpaMMhl TaKHe qaKTophl Ha KOTophle B11HjeT
Ha11HlIHe qHHaHCOBhIX cpenCTB nnj nOKphITHj
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BHHMaHHj B xone nepBOHalla11hHOrO YllaCTHj
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nejTe11hHOCTH (00[0 no 120 TeKYllUlX npoeKTaM
B 1970-1995 qHHaHcoBhIX ronax H npOllHe oueHKH
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pecypCHoro 06ecnelleHHj TaKOH nonxon He
npHBonHT K opraHH3aUHOHHhlM ynpaB11eHlIeCKHM
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npoeKToB B 0611acTH 3nH 6hl11H
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BK11an B HHCTHTYUHOHa11hHOe pa3BHTHe Ehl11H
BhljB11eHhl c11enYlOllUIe qaKTophl nOBI1HjBlllHe Ha
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npoeKToB B 0611acTH 3nH n011YllH11H peHTHHr
OTne11a 00[( KaK YCTOHlIHBhle OnHoH H3 npHlIHH
Heynall OCTa11hHhIX npoeKToB OKa3a110Ch
HenOCTaTOllHoe KalleCTBO 3KOHOMHlIeCKoro H
opraHH3aUHoHHoro aHa11H3a npone11aHHoro B xone
nonrOTOBKH npoeKTa a HMeHHO HeBHHMaHHe K
MaKp03KoHoMHlIecKHM qaKTopaM HenooueHKa
pa3Mepa TeKYlllHx pacxonoB H HenOCTaTOllHoro
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pellleHHe Me)l(OTpaC11eBhIX BonpOCOB BK11lOlIaj
CHCTeMY rocynapCTBeHHOH C11Y)l(6hl PhlHOK
pa60lleH CH11hl nOTaUHH Ha nHTaHHe H n011HTHKY
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npoeKTOB B cqepe 3nH He06xonHMO OTMeTHTh
liTO HeCMOTpj Ha TO liTO aHa11H3 ponH
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onHOM H3 68 3aBeprneHHhiX npoeKToB B 0611aCTH
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3npaBooxpaHeHHj pellla11Hch B OCHOBHOM
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21
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B oonaCTH 3nH nonYlfHnH Y1l0BneTBopHTenbHYIO
oueHKY no cpaBHeHHIO C 81 npoeKToB B oTpacnH
oopa30BaHHR H 58 npoeKToB B uenOM no BceMY
naHKY flHlllb HeKoTopbIe npoeKTbI npellocTaBHnH
OOneKTHBHYIO 1l0KYMeHTaUHIO 0 B0311dicTBHH
MeponpHRTHH npoeKTa Ha nOKa3aTenH 3110POBbR
HaceneHHR pO)KllaeMOCTH H nHTaHHR middot nOCKonbKY
BeCbMa TPYllHO COOTHeCTH npoHcxoMIUHe
H3MeHeHHR C B0311eHCTBHeM KOHKpeTHbIX
npoeKTHbIX MeponpHRTHH OTCne)KHBaIlHCb
nOKa3aTenH pecypcbIlnpoueccbIlpe3ynb-TaTbl a He
nocnellCTBHR OT npOBelleHHbIX MeponpHRTHH
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CHCTeMHbIX peqopMax BKnIOlfaR
lllHpoKOMaClllTaOHbie npeoopa30BaHHR B 06naCTH
311paBooxpaHeHHwqHHaHCHpOBaHHR a TaK)Ke Ha
BbInOnHeHHH 60nee ueneHanpaBneHHblX lleHCTBHH
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nHlllb He60nblllaR 1l0nR TaKHX npoeKToB ObU1a
3aBepllleHa rOIlOBOH 0630p pe3ynbTaToB pa60Tbi B
1996 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY nOKa3aIl ITO HenaBHO
HalfaTble npoeKTbl B 06naCTH 3nH HaXOllHnHCb Ha
80-OM cpellHeM ypOBHe naHKa no nOKa3aTen5IM
1l0CTH)KeHH5I 3allalf pa3BHTH5I H nporpecca B
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npoeKTOB C HaIlHlfHeM qaKTopoB pHCKa
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CTapeHHR KpellHTHoro nOpTqen5I H Hecnoc06HoCTb
HMeIOllleHC5I CHCTeMbl 0630poB npellOTBpaTHTh
TaKHe npo6neMbI nonee Toro B 1994-1996
qHHaHcoBbIX rOllax Ha6nIOilaIlOCb 3HalfHTenbHoe
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22
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naHKa H COOTHOllleHHH nepCOHaIla K ypOBHIO
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npOBeJleHHH 3aKynoK HCnOnh30BaHHH 3aeMHhIX
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npoeKTOB B CTpaHax C lgteJlepaTHBHOH CTpyKTypOH
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TpaCTOBhle lgtOHJlhI KOHcynhTaHTOB) Ha npoeKThI B
clgtepe 3nH 6hlno BhIJleneHO B KalJeCTBe KpeJlHTOB
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23
DpeAllaraeMhle nyTH AOCTH)KeHHB pe3YJIhTaTHBHOCTH npOeKTOB B OTpaCJIH 3DH
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24
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
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25
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26
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27
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28
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nO Mepe TOro KaK naHK npOLlOn)KaeT
nepeHocHTh ynop B CBoeH LleBTenhHOCTH
IgtH3HIeCKHX aKTHBOB H pe3ynhTaToB Ha npouecc
He06xoLlHMO 3KcnepHMeHTHpoBaTh H
OCMhlcnHBaTh nonYleHHhlH onhlT llnB 3Toro
He06xoLlHMO TluaTenhHO pa3pa6aThiBaTh
3KcnepHMeHTanhHhie npoeKThl KOHTponHpoBaTh
HX peanH3aUHIO H aHanH3HpoBaTh pe3ynhTaThl a
TaK)Ke LlenaTh 60nhlllHH ynop Ha pa3pa60TKY H
KOHTpOnh 3a BhmonHeHHeM HccneLlOBaTenhCKHX
KOMnOHeHTOB HHBeCTHUHOHHhlX npoeKToB
CneLlyeT 06paTHTh 60nhlUe BHHMaHHB Ha
(a) Bonpochl pearHpOBaHHjI OTLlenhHhlX nHU H
ceMeH Ha ueHoBYIO nonHTHKY KaleCTBO LlocTyn
MeLlHUHHCKoro 06cnY)KHBaHHjI H oxpaHhl
3LlOPOBhjl HaCeneHHjI KOHKpeTHhle MepOnpHjlTHjI
COleTaHHe rocYLlapCTBaiaCTHoro ceKTopa H
pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
noompeHHe nHU H ceMeH 6paTh BCIO nonHoTY
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH Ha ce6j1 3a CBoe 3LlopOBhe H
YlaCTBOBaTh B npouecce npHHSITHjI pellleHHH (B)
H3YQeHHe lgtaKTopoB BnHjlIOIl(HX Ha pe3ynhTaThi
pa60Thi CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI BKnIOIajl
nonHTHIeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO pelgtopM ynpaBneHHe H
opraHH3aUHOHHhie acneKThl (r) H3YleHHe
npouecca 06eCneleHHjI YCTOHIHBoro ypOBHjI
IgtHHaHCHpoBaHHjI 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H cOBMellleHHjI
PHCKOB H Toro KaK Hcnonh30BaTh pe3ynhTaThl
nonYleHHhle B XOLle 0630pOB 3aTpaT Ha
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHe (HaceneHHjI H H3
rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
npeLlnpHsITHH) Llnjl onpeLleneHHjI OTpacneBhlX
npHopHTeTOB (pellleHHH 0 pacnpeLleneHHH
pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
OCMhicneHHe onhlTa pelgtOpMHpOBaHHjI CHCTeM
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHeM H
29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
BO-BTOPblX HeofixonHMO TpaTHTb 60nbllle
BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
ypOKOB B xone nnaHHpOBaHHSI H peanH3aUHH
npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
3neMeHTbl KOTopble ofieCnelJHBalOT
KalJeCTBeHHOCTb npoeKTa nYTeM npHMeHeHHSI
HMeIOIUHXCSI HHCTpYMeHTOB OTpacneBoro
3KOHOMHlJeCKOrO opraHH3aUHOHHoro aHanH3a H
oueHKH nOTeHUHanbHoro pHCKa Eonbllle BpeMeHH
HeofixonHMO ynenSITb anpofiaUHH HOBblX
nonxonoB BKnlOlJaSl IllHpOKOMaCllITafiHble
OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
npHeMneMoro cpOKa Y CHnHSI fiynyT
npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
npHBepJKeHHOCTH K BblfipaHHOH nonHTHKe npH
CMeHe npaBHTenbCTB HHCTHTYUHOHanbHoe
npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
B-TpeTbHX fiyneT onpofiOBaH fionee
rHfiKHH H IllHpOKHH Ha60p HHCTpYMeHTOB
KpenHTOBaHHSI JrO npenYCMaTpHBaeT fionbillee
Hcnonb30BaHHe IllHpoKHX OTpacneBblX nonXonOB H
3aHMOB MSI nOnnepJKKH CHCTeMHblX pecpopM
HOBblX MHKPO MHHH H ananTHpOBaHHblX
HHBeCTHUHOHHblX 3aHMOB no Mepe HX HanHlJHSI
Hcnonb30BaHHe fionee MenKHX H HHHOBaUHOHHblX
3aHMOB nOMOJKeT H3fieJKaTb CnOJKHblX
nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
nOKYMeHTaUHH
YlJHTblBaSl BaJKHOCTb KalJeCTBeHHOrO
npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
fiynyT npOBOnHTbCSI onpOCbl HaCeneHHSI nnSl
BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
EaHKa Ha pa3BHTHe
KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
B 3TOH ccpepe COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHe pafiOTbl CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H HX cpHHaHCHpOBaHHSI EaHKY
HeofixonHMO npHHSITb Mepbl no YKpenneHHIO
cofiCTBeHHoro nOTeHUHana H nOTeHUHana
3aeMIUHKOB no npoBeneHHIO MOHHTopHHra H
aHanH3a nporpecca B nOCTHJKeHHH nOCTaBneHHblX
3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
HHcpopMaUHSI ofi OCHOBHblX npofineMax B ccpepe
3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
ypoBHeM noxona H perHoHaM B KOTOPblX
3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
3KOHOMHlJeCKHX H npOlJHX COUHanbHblX
neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
CHCTeM 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H npOlJHX naHHblX
YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
nepelJeHb nOKa3aTeneH MSI oueHKH
pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
Hcnonb30BaHHSI Ha rrpaKTHKe (npH3HaHHe
B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
peCTpYKTYpH3aUHlO HMeIOIUerOCSI KpellHTHOrO
nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
EaHKOM KOHTpOJl~ H oueHKH HX peaJlH3aUHH H
(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
EyneT YKpenJleHO cOTpynHH-IecTBo EaHKa
C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
6yneT npOnOJlJKaTb OKa3bIBaTb nOnnepJKKY
HenaBHO C03naHHOMY MeJKnYHaponHOMY IgtOPYMY
no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
CneUHaJlbHblX rpaHTOB ltlgtOPYM cnoc06cTByeT
cocpenOTO-leHHIO HCCJlenOBaTeJlbCKHX pecypcoB Ha
npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
pacnpOCTpaHeHH~ MHKp060B cnoc06HblX
npOTHBOCTORTb BaKUHHaM BO-BTOPbIX 6yneT
noompRTbCJI npOllOJlJKeHHe IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ H3
cpenCTB rpaHTOB npHopHTeTHblX MeJKnYHaponHbIX
HHHUHaTHB yJly-llllalOlUHX 06MeH onblTOM B
06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
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BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla nporpaMMbl OOH no 60Pb6e
CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla
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npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no 60Pb6e C 60Jle3HblO
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npyrHM MeJKnYHaponHblM HHHUHaTHBaM B clgtepe
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pa60Ta C B03 H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no
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nponaraHnHpOBaHHe HHTerpHpOBaHHoro nonxona K
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OT Bu~eHUB npooneM K ~eHCTBUIO
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6yneT TeCHO CBR3aHa C HOBblM CTpaTerH-IeCKHM
corJlallleHHeM no opraHH3aUHOHHOMY pa3BHTHlO
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nJlaHa neHCTBHH OTpaCJleBOH COBeT pa3pa60TaeT B
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cTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH Ha CJlenYlOlUHH nepHon
nOcpenCTBOM TaKHX Mep 6yneT paClllHpeH
BKJlan EaHKa B MeJKnYHaponHble yCHJlH~ no
YKpenJleHHIO COUHaJlbHOrO pa3BHTHR B nepBoe
neC~HJleTHe 21-ro BeKa EaHK HaMepeH H B
naJlbHeHllleM HHlgtopMHpoBaTb MHpOBylO
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nOJlHTHKH B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ OKa3bIBaR
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33
lfaCTHbIM CeKTOpOM H KOHTpOnR KalfeCTBa pellKO
nOnYlfaIlH HeOOXOllHMOe BHHMaHHe H nHlllb
HeKOTOpbIe npoeKTbl ObinH COCpellOTOlfeHbI Ha
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H nOCnellHee Ha ITO XOTenOCb ObI
OOpaTHTb BHHMaHHe 3TO TOT qaKT ITO KaK
nOKa3aIlH HellaBHHe 0030PbI 00[( OTlfeTOB 0
peaIlH3aUHH 68 npoeKTOB TOflbKO 59 npoeKToB
B oonaCTH 3nH nonYlfHnH Y1l0BneTBopHTenbHYIO
oueHKY no cpaBHeHHIO C 81 npoeKToB B oTpacnH
oopa30BaHHR H 58 npoeKToB B uenOM no BceMY
naHKY flHlllb HeKoTopbIe npoeKTbI npellocTaBHnH
OOneKTHBHYIO 1l0KYMeHTaUHIO 0 B0311dicTBHH
MeponpHRTHH npoeKTa Ha nOKa3aTenH 3110POBbR
HaceneHHR pO)KllaeMOCTH H nHTaHHR middot nOCKonbKY
BeCbMa TPYllHO COOTHeCTH npoHcxoMIUHe
H3MeHeHHR C B0311eHCTBHeM KOHKpeTHbIX
npoeKTHbIX MeponpHRTHH OTCne)KHBaIlHCb
nOKa3aTenH pecypcbIlnpoueccbIlpe3ynb-TaTbl a He
nocnellCTBHR OT npOBelleHHbIX MeponpHRTHH
TaKHe BblBOllbI 3aCTaBHnH naHK
COCpellOTOlfHTb 1l0nonHHTenbHoe BHHMaHHe Ha
CHCTeMHbIX peqopMax BKnIOlfaR
lllHpoKOMaClllTaOHbie npeoopa30BaHHR B 06naCTH
311paBooxpaHeHHwqHHaHCHpOBaHHR a TaK)Ke Ha
BbInOnHeHHH 60nee ueneHanpaBneHHblX lleHCTBHH
CeHlfac ewe paHO oueHHBaTh ycnex nOCKOflhKY
nHlllb He60nblllaR 1l0nR TaKHX npoeKToB ObU1a
3aBepllleHa rOIlOBOH 0630p pe3ynbTaToB pa60Tbi B
1996 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY nOKa3aIl ITO HenaBHO
HalfaTble npoeKTbl B 06naCTH 3nH HaXOllHnHCb Ha
80-OM cpellHeM ypOBHe naHKa no nOKa3aTen5IM
1l0CTH)KeHH5I 3allalf pa3BHTH5I H nporpecca B
peaIlH3aUHH
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npoeKTOB C HaIlHlfHeM qaKTopoB pHCKa
TeHlleHUH5I CHH)KeHH5I peHTHHrOB no Mepe
CTapeHHR KpellHTHoro nOpTqen5I H Hecnoc06HoCTb
HMeIOllleHC5I CHCTeMbl 0630poB npellOTBpaTHTh
TaKHe npo6neMbI nonee Toro B 1994-1996
qHHaHcoBbIX rOllax Ha6nIOilaIlOCb 3HalfHTenbHoe
cOKpallleHHe pecypcoB BbIllenReMblX Ha
KOHTponhHbIe MepOnpH5ITHR nnarOllap5I
HellaBHeMY POCTY BHHMaHHR K nOBblllleHHIO
KalfeCTBa TaKaR TeHlleHllH5I 6blna YCTPaHeHa B
1997 qHHaHcoBoM rOilY (CMnpHnO)KeHHe E llflR
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22
nOMHMO oueHKH KOHKpeTHbIX
HHBeCTHUHOHHbIX npoeKToB none3HO BcnOMHHTb
ITO K KOHUY 1996 qHHaHcoBoro rOlla oonee lfeM B
100 npoeKTax naHKa HMenHCb KOMnOHeHTbI
CBR3aHHbIe C oTpacnbIO 3nH B 3THX npoeKTax
obIna npellnpHH5ITa nonbITKa pelllHTb CnO)KHbIe
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naHKa H COOTHOllleHHH nepCOHaIla K ypOBHIO
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oueHKY c HaIlHlfHeM CTeneHH pHcKa B HalfaIle
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npOBelleHHH nOCT05IHHOrO aHaIlH3a
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npoeKTOB BBHJly HaJIHlJHjJ np06neM CBjJ3aHHhIX C
BOnHeHHjJMH B 06IUeCTBe HnH nepeMeIUeHHeM
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np06neM C OpraHH3aUHOHHhIM nOTeHUHanOM
BBHJly CnmlltHOH CTpyKTyphI npOeKTa H np06neM B
npOBeJleHHH 3aKynoK HCnOnh30BaHHH 3aeMHhIX
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6hICTporo pOCTa JlejJTenhHOCTH EaHKa B clgtepe
3nH H OCMhIcneHHjJ HaKonneHHoro onhITa B
6e)KeHueB MenneHHOH H HepOBHOH peaJIH3aUHeH
npoeKTOB B CTpaHax C lgteJlepaTHBHOH CTpyKTypOH
1980-x rr Ha Ka)KJlhIH nOTpalJeHHhIH Jlonnap
(aJlMHHHCTpaTHBHhIH 6IOJl)KeT EaHKa nnIOC
TpaCTOBhle lgtOHJlhI KOHcynhTaHTOB) Ha npoeKThI B
clgtepe 3nH 6hlno BhIJleneHO B KalJeCTBe KpeJlHTOB
35 JlonnClllA no cpaBHeHHIO C 60nee lJeM 60
JlonnClllA B 1996 lgtHHaHcoBoM rOJlY H 30 Jlonn ClllA B cpeJlHeM no EaHKY TpacToBhle lgtOHJlhI -shy
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3nH TaKajJ TeHJleHUHjJ He MO)KeT HOCHTh
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KOHCOnHJlaUHH KpeJlHTHOrO nopTlgtenjJ
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H36e)KaHHjJ nOBTopeHHjJ CTaphIX OlllH6oK H
B0306HOBneHHjJ npHBep)KeHHOCTH pelgt0pMaM B
OTpacnH 3nH B rnaBe 3 H3naraIOTCjJ cTpaTerHH
JlOCTH)KeHHjJ TaKHX 3aJlalJ
23
DpeAllaraeMhle nyTH AOCTH)KeHHB pe3YJIhTaTHBHOCTH npOeKTOB B OTpaCJIH 3DH
06eCneleHHe KaleCTBa B xone nOnrOTOBKH npoeKTa
bull PaCWHpeHHe YIaCTHB CTPaHhlmiddot38eM~HKa B nOnrOTOBKe npoeKTa bullbull JIJUI paClllHpeHHR BnaJleHHR
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bull 3KOHOMHIeCKHH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR Bhl60pa OnTHMaJIhHOrO BapHaHTa C YlfeTOM H3Jlep)KeK H B03JleHCTBHR
bull OpraHH38DHOHHhlH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR 06eCnelfeHHR peaJIHCTHIfHOH oueHKH HHCTHTYUUOHaJIhHOrO
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bull HcnOm~3OBaHHe AHHaMHIHoro a He CTaHAapTHOro nOIUOAa K npoeKTaM B 06nacTH 3JlPasooxpaaeHHR
bull Hcnonb30BaHHe 60nee WHpOKoro Ha60pa KpenHTHhlX HHCTpYMeHTOB
bull YIeT AeueUTpaJIB30BaUHoro xapaKTepa COUHaJIhHhlX CeKTOpOB
bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
bull BHeceHHe H3MeHeHHH B npaBHJIa npOBeAeHHSI 3aKynoK B COUHaJIbHOH c4lepe H 60nbllIruI fH6KOCTb B HX
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24
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
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ce6s1 nYlIIIHH Me)f(LlYHapoLlHhIH onhIT CnO)f(HhIH
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CTpaH B onpeLleneHHH nOLlXOLlOB K TpeM
Ba)f(HeHIIIHM npHopHTeTaM pa3BHTHsI B clJepe
3nH KOTophle 6hInH Y)f(e ynoMsIHYThI B r naBe 1 H
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no YJIyqmeHHIO nOKa3aTeJIeH B OOJIaCTH
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25
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26
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27
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28
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(a) Bonpochl pearHpOBaHHjI OTLlenhHhlX nHU H
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MeLlHUHHCKoro 06cnY)KHBaHHjI H oxpaHhl
3LlOPOBhjl HaCeneHHjI KOHKpeTHhle MepOnpHjlTHjI
COleTaHHe rocYLlapCTBaiaCTHoro ceKTopa H
pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
noompeHHe nHU H ceMeH 6paTh BCIO nonHoTY
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH Ha ce6j1 3a CBoe 3LlopOBhe H
YlaCTBOBaTh B npouecce npHHSITHjI pellleHHH (B)
H3YQeHHe lgtaKTopoB BnHjlIOIl(HX Ha pe3ynhTaThi
pa60Thi CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI BKnIOIajl
nonHTHIeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO pelgtopM ynpaBneHHe H
opraHH3aUHOHHhie acneKThl (r) H3YleHHe
npouecca 06eCneleHHjI YCTOHIHBoro ypOBHjI
IgtHHaHCHpoBaHHjI 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H cOBMellleHHjI
PHCKOB H Toro KaK Hcnonh30BaTh pe3ynhTaThl
nonYleHHhle B XOLle 0630pOB 3aTpaT Ha
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHe (HaceneHHjI H H3
rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
npeLlnpHsITHH) Llnjl onpeLleneHHjI OTpacneBhlX
npHopHTeTOB (pellleHHH 0 pacnpeLleneHHH
pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
OCMhicneHHe onhlTa pelgtOpMHpOBaHHjI CHCTeM
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHeM H
29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
BO-BTOPblX HeofixonHMO TpaTHTb 60nbllle
BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
ypOKOB B xone nnaHHpOBaHHSI H peanH3aUHH
npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
3neMeHTbl KOTopble ofieCnelJHBalOT
KalJeCTBeHHOCTb npoeKTa nYTeM npHMeHeHHSI
HMeIOIUHXCSI HHCTpYMeHTOB OTpacneBoro
3KOHOMHlJeCKOrO opraHH3aUHOHHoro aHanH3a H
oueHKH nOTeHUHanbHoro pHCKa Eonbllle BpeMeHH
HeofixonHMO ynenSITb anpofiaUHH HOBblX
nonxonoB BKnlOlJaSl IllHpOKOMaCllITafiHble
OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
npHeMneMoro cpOKa Y CHnHSI fiynyT
npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
npHBepJKeHHOCTH K BblfipaHHOH nonHTHKe npH
CMeHe npaBHTenbCTB HHCTHTYUHOHanbHoe
npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
B-TpeTbHX fiyneT onpofiOBaH fionee
rHfiKHH H IllHpOKHH Ha60p HHCTpYMeHTOB
KpenHTOBaHHSI JrO npenYCMaTpHBaeT fionbillee
Hcnonb30BaHHe IllHpoKHX OTpacneBblX nonXonOB H
3aHMOB MSI nOnnepJKKH CHCTeMHblX pecpopM
HOBblX MHKPO MHHH H ananTHpOBaHHblX
HHBeCTHUHOHHblX 3aHMOB no Mepe HX HanHlJHSI
Hcnonb30BaHHe fionee MenKHX H HHHOBaUHOHHblX
3aHMOB nOMOJKeT H3fieJKaTb CnOJKHblX
nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
nOKYMeHTaUHH
YlJHTblBaSl BaJKHOCTb KalJeCTBeHHOrO
npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
fiynyT npOBOnHTbCSI onpOCbl HaCeneHHSI nnSl
BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
EaHKa Ha pa3BHTHe
KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
B 3TOH ccpepe COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHe pafiOTbl CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H HX cpHHaHCHpOBaHHSI EaHKY
HeofixonHMO npHHSITb Mepbl no YKpenneHHIO
cofiCTBeHHoro nOTeHUHana H nOTeHUHana
3aeMIUHKOB no npoBeneHHIO MOHHTopHHra H
aHanH3a nporpecca B nOCTHJKeHHH nOCTaBneHHblX
3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
HHcpopMaUHSI ofi OCHOBHblX npofineMax B ccpepe
3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
ypoBHeM noxona H perHoHaM B KOTOPblX
3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
3KOHOMHlJeCKHX H npOlJHX COUHanbHblX
neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
CHCTeM 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H npOlJHX naHHblX
YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
nepelJeHb nOKa3aTeneH MSI oueHKH
pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
Hcnonb30BaHHSI Ha rrpaKTHKe (npH3HaHHe
B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
peCTpYKTYpH3aUHlO HMeIOIUerOCSI KpellHTHOrO
nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
EaHKOM KOHTpOJl~ H oueHKH HX peaJlH3aUHH H
(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
EyneT YKpenJleHO cOTpynHH-IecTBo EaHKa
C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
6yneT npOnOJlJKaTb OKa3bIBaTb nOnnepJKKY
HenaBHO C03naHHOMY MeJKnYHaponHOMY IgtOPYMY
no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
CneUHaJlbHblX rpaHTOB ltlgtOPYM cnoc06cTByeT
cocpenOTO-leHHIO HCCJlenOBaTeJlbCKHX pecypcoB Ha
npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
pacnpOCTpaHeHH~ MHKp060B cnoc06HblX
npOTHBOCTORTb BaKUHHaM BO-BTOPbIX 6yneT
noompRTbCJI npOllOJlJKeHHe IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ H3
cpenCTB rpaHTOB npHopHTeTHblX MeJKnYHaponHbIX
HHHUHaTHB yJly-llllalOlUHX 06MeH onblTOM B
06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
COTPYnHH-IaTb C lgtapMaueBTH-IeCKOH BaKUHHHOH H
6HOTeXHOJlOrH-IeCKOH npOMbIlllJleHHOCTblO no
YKpenJleHHIO HCCJlenOBaHHH H nOJlY-leHHIO
nponYKTOB He06xollHMblX nnR 6enHoro HaCeJleHH5I
B CTpaHax C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona KaK- TO
HOBble JleKapCTBa OT MaJl5lpHH
npoTHBoTy6epKYJle3Hble BaKUHHbl 60Jlee
COBepllleHHble MeTonbl nHarHOCTHKH
BeHepH-IeCKHX 3a60JleBaHHH EaHK 6yneT TaKJKe
HCKaTb nyTH paClllHpeHH~ CBoeH nOnnepJKKH
MeJKnYHaponHOH HHHUHaTHBbl no pa3pa60TKe
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33
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23
DpeAllaraeMhle nyTH AOCTH)KeHHB pe3YJIhTaTHBHOCTH npOeKTOB B OTpaCJIH 3DH
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bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
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24
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25
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26
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27
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28
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29
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B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
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KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
BO-BTOPblX HeofixonHMO TpaTHTb 60nbllle
BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
ypOKOB B xone nnaHHpOBaHHSI H peanH3aUHH
npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
3neMeHTbl KOTopble ofieCnelJHBalOT
KalJeCTBeHHOCTb npoeKTa nYTeM npHMeHeHHSI
HMeIOIUHXCSI HHCTpYMeHTOB OTpacneBoro
3KOHOMHlJeCKOrO opraHH3aUHOHHoro aHanH3a H
oueHKH nOTeHUHanbHoro pHCKa Eonbllle BpeMeHH
HeofixonHMO ynenSITb anpofiaUHH HOBblX
nonxonoB BKnlOlJaSl IllHpOKOMaCllITafiHble
OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
npHeMneMoro cpOKa Y CHnHSI fiynyT
npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
npHBepJKeHHOCTH K BblfipaHHOH nonHTHKe npH
CMeHe npaBHTenbCTB HHCTHTYUHOHanbHoe
npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
B-TpeTbHX fiyneT onpofiOBaH fionee
rHfiKHH H IllHpOKHH Ha60p HHCTpYMeHTOB
KpenHTOBaHHSI JrO npenYCMaTpHBaeT fionbillee
Hcnonb30BaHHe IllHpoKHX OTpacneBblX nonXonOB H
3aHMOB MSI nOnnepJKKH CHCTeMHblX pecpopM
HOBblX MHKPO MHHH H ananTHpOBaHHblX
HHBeCTHUHOHHblX 3aHMOB no Mepe HX HanHlJHSI
Hcnonb30BaHHe fionee MenKHX H HHHOBaUHOHHblX
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nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
nOKYMeHTaUHH
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npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
fiynyT npOBOnHTbCSI onpOCbl HaCeneHHSI nnSl
BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
EaHKa Ha pa3BHTHe
KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
B 3TOH ccpepe COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHe pafiOTbl CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H HX cpHHaHCHpOBaHHSI EaHKY
HeofixonHMO npHHSITb Mepbl no YKpenneHHIO
cofiCTBeHHoro nOTeHUHana H nOTeHUHana
3aeMIUHKOB no npoBeneHHIO MOHHTopHHra H
aHanH3a nporpecca B nOCTHJKeHHH nOCTaBneHHblX
3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
HHcpopMaUHSI ofi OCHOBHblX npofineMax B ccpepe
3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
ypoBHeM noxona H perHoHaM B KOTOPblX
3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
3KOHOMHlJeCKHX H npOlJHX COUHanbHblX
neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
CHCTeM 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H npOlJHX naHHblX
YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
nepelJeHb nOKa3aTeneH MSI oueHKH
pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
Hcnonb30BaHHSI Ha rrpaKTHKe (npH3HaHHe
B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
peCTpYKTYpH3aUHlO HMeIOIUerOCSI KpellHTHOrO
nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
EaHKOM KOHTpOJl~ H oueHKH HX peaJlH3aUHH H
(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
EyneT YKpenJleHO cOTpynHH-IecTBo EaHKa
C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
6yneT npOnOJlJKaTb OKa3bIBaTb nOnnepJKKY
HenaBHO C03naHHOMY MeJKnYHaponHOMY IgtOPYMY
no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
CneUHaJlbHblX rpaHTOB ltlgtOPYM cnoc06cTByeT
cocpenOTO-leHHIO HCCJlenOBaTeJlbCKHX pecypcoB Ha
npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
pacnpOCTpaHeHH~ MHKp060B cnoc06HblX
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noompRTbCJI npOllOJlJKeHHe IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ H3
cpenCTB rpaHTOB npHopHTeTHblX MeJKnYHaponHbIX
HHHUHaTHB yJly-llllalOlUHX 06MeH onblTOM B
06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
COTPYnHH-IaTb C lgtapMaueBTH-IeCKOH BaKUHHHOH H
6HOTeXHOJlOrH-IeCKOH npOMbIlllJleHHOCTblO no
YKpenJleHHIO HCCJlenOBaHHH H nOJlY-leHHIO
nponYKTOB He06xollHMblX nnR 6enHoro HaCeJleHH5I
B CTpaHax C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona KaK- TO
HOBble JleKapCTBa OT MaJl5lpHH
npoTHBoTy6epKYJle3Hble BaKUHHbl 60Jlee
COBepllleHHble MeTonbl nHarHOCTHKH
BeHepH-IeCKHX 3a60JleBaHHH EaHK 6yneT TaKJKe
HCKaTb nyTH paClllHpeHH~ CBoeH nOnnepJKKH
MeJKnYHaponHOH HHHUHaTHBbl no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla nporpaMMbl OOH no 60Pb6e
CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla
TaKJKe 6ynYT npennpHH~bl naJlbHeHlllHe
yCHJlH~ no paClllHpeHHIO napTHepCTBa EaHKa C
npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no 60Pb6e C 60Jle3HblO
pe-lHOH CJlenOTbl H B ueJl~X OKa3aHH~ nOnnepJKKH
npyrHM MeJKnYHaponHblM HHHUHaTHBaM B clgtepe
3nH nOTeHUHaJlbHO HMelOlUHM 3Ha-lHTeJlbHblH
BHelllHHH 31gt1gteKT B03MOJKHblMH HanpaBJleHH~MH
COTPYnHH-IeCTBa ~BJl~IOTC~ nOnnepJKKa CTpaH
AIgtPHKH B HX 60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH MaJl~PHH
pa60Ta C B03 H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no
60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH Ty6epKYJle3a H
nponaraHnHpOBaHHe HHTerpHpOBaHHoro nonxona K
Jle-leHHIO 3a60JleBaHHH neTCKoro B03paCTa
OT Bu~eHUB npooneM K ~eHCTBUIO
PeaJlH3aUHR CTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH
6yneT TeCHO CBR3aHa C HOBblM CTpaTerH-IeCKHM
corJlallleHHeM no opraHH3aUHOHHOMY pa3BHTHlO
EaHKa Ha OCHOBe nOCTaBJleHHblX 3ana-l H 06lUero
nJlaHa neHCTBHH OTpaCJleBOH COBeT pa3pa60TaeT B
COTPYnHH-IeCTBe C perHOHaJlbHblMH
nenapTaMeHTaMH CTpaTerH-IeCKYIO MaTpHUY
(npHJlOJKeHHe F) H nepe-lHH nOKa3aTeJleH
pe3YJlbTaTOB no KOTOPblM 6yneT oueHHBaTbC~
ne~eJlbHOCTb EaHKa npH nonrOTOBKe OTpaCJleBOH
cTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH Ha CJlenYlOlUHH nepHon
nOcpenCTBOM TaKHX Mep 6yneT paClllHpeH
BKJlan EaHKa B MeJKnYHaponHble yCHJlH~ no
YKpenJleHHIO COUHaJlbHOrO pa3BHTHR B nepBoe
neC~HJleTHe 21-ro BeKa EaHK HaMepeH H B
naJlbHeHllleM HHlgtopMHpoBaTb MHpOBylO
06lUeCTBeHHOCTb no BOnpocaM KacaIOIUHXC~
nOJlHTHKH B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ OKa3bIBaR
CBoe BJlH~HHe Ha HanpaBJleHHe MeJKnYHapOnHblX
ne6aTOB 0 pa3BHTHH MHPOBblX CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHH5I H yKpenJl~51 naPTHepCTBO H
cOTpynHH-IecTBO CO CBOHMH KJlHeHTaMH H npyrHMH
opraHH3aUH~MH
33
DpeAllaraeMhle nyTH AOCTH)KeHHB pe3YJIhTaTHBHOCTH npOeKTOB B OTpaCJIH 3DH
06eCneleHHe KaleCTBa B xone nOnrOTOBKH npoeKTa
bull PaCWHpeHHe YIaCTHB CTPaHhlmiddot38eM~HKa B nOnrOTOBKe npoeKTa bullbull JIJUI paClllHpeHHR BnaJleHHR
npoeKTOM CTPaHOH-KJIHeHTOM nOnYlfaTenRMH CpeJlCTB 3aHHTepecOBaHHblMH CTOpOHaMH
bull OTpaCJIeBOH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR nOnYlfeHHR HHCPOPMauHH no H3yqaeMhiM npo6neMaM H BapHaHTaM HX
pellIeHHR JlJIR YBR3blBaHHR npoeKTa C MaKpo3KOHOMHIfeCKOH CHTyauueH B CTPaHe
bull 3KOHOMHIeCKHH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR Bhl60pa OnTHMaJIhHOrO BapHaHTa C YlfeTOM H3Jlep)KeK H B03JleHCTBHR
bull OpraHH38DHOHHhlH aHaJIH3 -- JlJIR 06eCnelfeHHR peaJIHCTHIfHOH oueHKH HHCTHTYUUOHaJIhHOrO
nOTeHUHaJIa JlJIR npHHRTUR H peaJIH3aUHH pellIeHHH
bull AHaJIH3 YCTOHIHBOCTH -- IlIUI oueHKH cpHHaHCOBOH )KH3Hecnoc06HOCTH PHCKOB H aJIbTepHaTHB
BKJIIOIruI CTpaTefHH BblXOJla
~ MOHHTopHHr H oueHKa -- JlJIR o6ecnelfeHHR nOCTynaTenbHOCTH B peaJIH3aIlHH npoeKTa H H3BnelfeHIDI
ypoKOB H3 npaKTHlfeCKoro OIIbITa
AnannUHSI nOJIHTHKH H npouenyp KpenHTOBaHHSI K nOTpe6HOCTJIM KJIHeHTa
bull Anp06aUIDI npoeKTOB B MaJIOM MaCllITa6e (3KcnepHMeHTaJIhHhle npoeKThl) -- JlJIR H3YlfeHHR H
BHeJlpeHHR ypoKOB
bull HcnOm~3OBaHHe AHHaMHIHoro a He CTaHAapTHOro nOIUOAa K npoeKTaM B 06nacTH 3JlPasooxpaaeHHR
bull Hcnonb30BaHHe 60nee WHpOKoro Ha60pa KpenHTHhlX HHCTpYMeHTOB
bull YIeT AeueUTpaJIB30BaUHoro xapaKTepa COUHaJIhHhlX CeKTOpOB
bull H3MeHeHHe 4lHHaaCHpoBaHHR TeKY~Hx pacxOAOB
bull BHeceHHe H3MeHeHHH B npaBHJIa npOBeAeHHSI 3aKynoK B COUHaJIbHOH c4lepe H 60nbllIruI fH6KOCTb B HX
npHMeHeHHH
bull YKpenneHHe KaapoBoro nOTeHUHaJIa nYTeM paCIIIHpeHHOH nOArOTOBKH 60JJee
CHCTeMhl CTHMynHpoBaHHSI Tpyna H HaHMa nyIWHx pa60THHKOB
COBepIlleHHOH
YKpenneHHe npocj)eCCHOHaJIhHhlX 06heAHHeHHH
B03Harpa)KAeHHe 38 OTnHqHYIO pa60TY
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24
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25
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26
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27
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OnhlT nOKa3aJI ITO Korna CTpaHhl CO
cpenHHM ypOBHeM noxona paClllHpjllOT OObeM
OKa3hIBaeMhiX ycnyr H HalHHaIOT Hcnonh30BaTh
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LJnjl peanH3aUHH TaKOH CTpaTerHH EaHKY
HeooxonHMO oonee TeCHO cOTpynHHIaTh He
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H C MHHHCTepCTBaMH IPHHaHCOB H COUHaJIhHOH
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YlaCTHHKaMH B 3TOH 06nacTH rpynna no
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OObenHHeHHeM CneUHaJIHCTOB EaHKa no BonpocaM
CHH)KeHHjI ypOBHjI oenHOCTH H ynpaBneHHjI
3KOHOMHKOH
YcuneHue B03AeucTBuR u nOBblmeHue pe3ynbTaTuBHOCTu
EaHK HalaJI paClllHpeHHe CBoeH nejITenhHOCTH B
oonaCTH 3nH IIpHMepHO neCjlTh neT Ha3an
BcnenCTBHe OhlCTPOrO pOCTa 1HCna npoeKTOB
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KaleCTBO TaK)Ke HaOnlOnaJIaCh HeKOTOp~
IPparMeHTapHOCTh nejITenhHOCTH OnHaKO
28
OCHOBHYIO TpeBory BhI3hlBaIOT B03LleHCTBHe H
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CTpaTerHH H3nO)KeHHOH B LlaHHoM LloKYMeHTe
MaKCHMH3aUHH B03LleHCTBHjI HHBeCTHUHH H
06eCneleHHjI nOnYIeHHjI KnHeHTaMH ycnyr
BhlCOKOrO KaleCTBa naHKY He06xOLlHMO
CneLloBaTh 1eThlpeM npHHUHnaM ynop Ha
CTpaTerHIeCKYIO HanpaBneHHOCTh nonHTHKH B
06naCTH 3nH nOLlKpenneHHe KpeLlHTOBaHHjI
aHanH30M H HCCneLlOBaHHjlMH 60nhlllaji
H36HpaTenhHOCTh B npOeKTaX H ynylllleHHe
06CnY)KHBaHHjI CTpaH-KnHeHTOB HH)Ke 3TH
npHHUHnhl npeLlCTaBneHhl B 60nee nOLlp06HOM
H3nO)KeHHH
Ynop Ha crpaTerHqeCKHe npHopHTeTbl
nOJIHTHKH B OOJIaCTH 3DH
CTpaTerHH pa3BHTHjI B 06naCTH 3nH
OXBaThlBaIOT nepHoLl OT 10 LlO 15 neT ITO
npeBhllllaeT UHKn 60nhlllHHCTBa npoeKToB (5-8 neT) H HHLlHBHLlyanhHhle 3aLlaHHjI COTPYLlHHKOB
naHKa (1-4 rOlla) YIHThIBaji TaKYIO np06neMY
1pe3BhllaHHO Ba)KHO coCpeLlOTOlHTh KOHKpeTHhle
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Ka)KLlOH H3 CTpaTerHH nOMOIl(H CTpaHe (CnC) a
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nOLlrOTOBKe CTpaTerHH nOMOIl(H TeM CTpaHaM B
KOTOPhlX HMeIOTCjI HaH60nee Cephe3Hhie
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(CMnpHnO)KeHHe A Llfljl peHTHHra cTpaH no
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CneUHanHcThl B 06nacTH 3nH TaK)Ke 6YLleT
COTpYLlHHIaTh 60nee TeCHhlM 06pa30M co
cneUHanHCTaMH B 06nacTH 06pa30BaHHjI H
cOUHanhHoH 3aWHThl Llfljl pa3pa60TKH
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1enOBeleCKOrO KanHTana H npoH3BoLlHTenhHoCTH
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aHanHTHIeCKYIO OCHOBY peKmteHLlaUHH
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nOKa3aTenH IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHjI oTpacnH B cTpaHax
KOTophle HMeIOT 60nee BhlCOKHH ypOBeHh pHcKa
DOAKpenJIeHHe KpeAHToBaHHB
aHaJIHTHQeCKOH paooToH H HCCJ1eAOBaHHBMH
nO Mepe TOro KaK naHK npOLlOn)KaeT
nepeHocHTh ynop B CBoeH LleBTenhHOCTH
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He06xoLlHMO 3KcnepHMeHTHpoBaTh H
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TaK)Ke LlenaTh 60nhlllHH ynop Ha pa3pa60TKY H
KOHTpOnh 3a BhmonHeHHeM HccneLlOBaTenhCKHX
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(a) Bonpochl pearHpOBaHHjI OTLlenhHhlX nHU H
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COleTaHHe rocYLlapCTBaiaCTHoro ceKTopa H
pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
noompeHHe nHU H ceMeH 6paTh BCIO nonHoTY
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PHCKOB H Toro KaK Hcnonh30BaTh pe3ynhTaThl
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rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
npeLlnpHsITHH) Llnjl onpeLleneHHjI OTpacneBhlX
npHopHTeTOB (pellleHHH 0 pacnpeLleneHHH
pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
OCMhicneHHe onhlTa pelgtOpMHpOBaHHjI CHCTeM
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
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29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
BO-BTOPblX HeofixonHMO TpaTHTb 60nbllle
BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
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npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
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oueHKH nOTeHUHanbHoro pHCKa Eonbllle BpeMeHH
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nonxonoB BKnlOlJaSl IllHpOKOMaCllITafiHble
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H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
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npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
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BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
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CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
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H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
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BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
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KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
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B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
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3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
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ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
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nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
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YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
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cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
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B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
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31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
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(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
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C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
6yneT npOnOJlJKaTb OKa3bIBaTb nOnnepJKKY
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no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
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cocpenOTO-leHHIO HCCJlenOBaTeJlbCKHX pecypcoB Ha
npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
pacnpOCTpaHeHH~ MHKp060B cnoc06HblX
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cpenCTB rpaHTOB npHopHTeTHblX MeJKnYHaponHbIX
HHHUHaTHB yJly-llllalOlUHX 06MeH onblTOM B
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B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
COTPYnHH-IaTb C lgtapMaueBTH-IeCKOH BaKUHHHOH H
6HOTeXHOJlOrH-IeCKOH npOMbIlllJleHHOCTblO no
YKpenJleHHIO HCCJlenOBaHHH H nOJlY-leHHIO
nponYKTOB He06xollHMblX nnR 6enHoro HaCeJleHH5I
B CTpaHax C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona KaK- TO
HOBble JleKapCTBa OT MaJl5lpHH
npoTHBoTy6epKYJle3Hble BaKUHHbl 60Jlee
COBepllleHHble MeTonbl nHarHOCTHKH
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HCKaTb nyTH paClllHpeHH~ CBoeH nOnnepJKKH
MeJKnYHaponHOH HHHUHaTHBbl no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla nporpaMMbl OOH no 60Pb6e
CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla
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yCHJlH~ no paClllHpeHHIO napTHepCTBa EaHKa C
npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no 60Pb6e C 60Jle3HblO
pe-lHOH CJlenOTbl H B ueJl~X OKa3aHH~ nOnnepJKKH
npyrHM MeJKnYHaponHblM HHHUHaTHBaM B clgtepe
3nH nOTeHUHaJlbHO HMelOlUHM 3Ha-lHTeJlbHblH
BHelllHHH 31gt1gteKT B03MOJKHblMH HanpaBJleHH~MH
COTPYnHH-IeCTBa ~BJl~IOTC~ nOnnepJKKa CTpaH
AIgtPHKH B HX 60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH MaJl~PHH
pa60Ta C B03 H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no
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nponaraHnHpOBaHHe HHTerpHpOBaHHoro nonxona K
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OT Bu~eHUB npooneM K ~eHCTBUIO
PeaJlH3aUHR CTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH
6yneT TeCHO CBR3aHa C HOBblM CTpaTerH-IeCKHM
corJlallleHHeM no opraHH3aUHOHHOMY pa3BHTHlO
EaHKa Ha OCHOBe nOCTaBJleHHblX 3ana-l H 06lUero
nJlaHa neHCTBHH OTpaCJleBOH COBeT pa3pa60TaeT B
COTPYnHH-IeCTBe C perHOHaJlbHblMH
nenapTaMeHTaMH CTpaTerH-IeCKYIO MaTpHUY
(npHJlOJKeHHe F) H nepe-lHH nOKa3aTeJleH
pe3YJlbTaTOB no KOTOPblM 6yneT oueHHBaTbC~
ne~eJlbHOCTb EaHKa npH nonrOTOBKe OTpaCJleBOH
cTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH Ha CJlenYlOlUHH nepHon
nOcpenCTBOM TaKHX Mep 6yneT paClllHpeH
BKJlan EaHKa B MeJKnYHaponHble yCHJlH~ no
YKpenJleHHIO COUHaJlbHOrO pa3BHTHR B nepBoe
neC~HJleTHe 21-ro BeKa EaHK HaMepeH H B
naJlbHeHllleM HHlgtopMHpoBaTb MHpOBylO
06lUeCTBeHHOCTb no BOnpocaM KacaIOIUHXC~
nOJlHTHKH B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ OKa3bIBaR
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cOTpynHH-IecTBO CO CBOHMH KJlHeHTaMH H npyrHMH
opraHH3aUH~MH
33
rJIABA III
B 21 BEK HOBbiE OliSl3ATEJIhCTBA IiAHKA
YTOqHeHHe cTpaTerHqeCKHX npHopHTeToB
CTpaTerHsI baHKa B oTpacmi 3nH 6yLleT
npOLlOn)f(aTh LlHHaMHlHO pa3BHBaThCsI B6Hpasl B
ce6s1 nYlIIIHH Me)f(LlYHapoLlHhIH onhIT CnO)f(HhIH
xapaKTep OTpacnH 3nH H MeHsIIOlUHecsI nOLlxOLlhI
K npo6neMaM 3nH B uenOM He nOLlLlaIOTCsI
CTaHLlapTHhIM peuemaM B CBsI3H C 3THM npH
Bhlpa60TKe peKOMeHLlaUHH H npeLlOCTaBneHHH
IJHHaHcoBOH nOMOiliH baHK 6yLleT npOLlOn)f(aTh
PYKOBOLlCTBOBaThCsI ycnoBHsIMH KOHKpeTHhlX
CTpaH B onpeLleneHHH nOLlXOLlOB K TpeM
Ba)f(HeHIIIHM npHopHTeTaM pa3BHTHsI B clJepe
3nH KOTophle 6hInH Y)f(e ynoMsIHYThI B r naBe 1 H
60nee nOLlpo6HO H3naraIOTCsI HH)f(e
npuopumem 1 B oOlacmu 3nH PaOOTaTl COBMeCTHO C rocYAapcTBaMH
no YJIyqmeHHIO nOKa3aTeJIeH B OOJIaCTH
3AOPOBbsl nHTaHHsI H npOOJIeM
HapoAoHaceJIeHHsI cpeAH oeAHhlx CJIOeB
MHpOBoro HaCeJIeHHsI H no 3aIJJHTe OT
yrp03bl oOHHIJJaHHsI B pe3YJIbTaTe
OOJIe3HeH HeAOeAaHHsI H BhlCOKOH
pO)KAaeMocTH
CTpaTerHsI Tpe6yeT 6onhillero
ynopa Ha nnaHHpoBaHHe H KOHTponh 3a
nporpaMMaMH KOTophle y nylIllaIOT nOKa3aTenH
cpeLlH 6eLlHeHIIIHx cnoeB HaCeneHHsI Llnsl
aLlanTaUHH TaKOH cTpaTerHH K ycnoBHsIM
KOHKpeTHoH cTpaHhI oco6eHHo K cTpaHaM C
HH3KHM ypoBHeM LlOXOLla rLle 6onhIllasl laCTh
cenhCKoro HaCeneHHsI npO)f(HBaeT 3a lepTOH
6eLlHocTH H cTpaHaM co cpeLlHHM ypoBHeM LlOXOLla
co 3HalHTenhHhlMH OCTaTKaMH 6eLlHocTH B
OTLlenhHhlX paHoHax He06xoLlHMhl pa3nHlHhle
nOLlXOLlhI baHK 6YLleT nOOIUpslTh Bhl6opOlHOe
Hcnonh30BaHHe ueneHanpaBneHHhlX nOLlXOLlOB
H3nO)f(eHHhIX B r naBe 1 BHHMaHHe 6yLleT
cocpeLlOTOleHO Ha nOTpe6HOCTsIX HaH60nee
Ysl3BHMbIX cnoeB HaCeneHHsI BKnIOlasl )f(eHIUHH H
LleTeH H Ha Te o6nacTH rLle CKYLlHble
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npolJHnaKTHleCKHe MepOnpHsITHsI co
3HalHTenhHhIM BHeIIIHHM 31JIJeKToM BKnIOlasl
3aIUHTy 6eLlHoro HaCeneHHsI OT nOBeLleHHsI
HecYIUero HaH60nblllHH pHCK KaK TO KypeHHe
nOTpe6neHHe anKOrOnsl H He3LlopOBOH nHlUH
BbICOKasl pO)f(LlaeMOCTb OCTaeTCsI rnaBHOH
MeLlHUHHCKOH H COUHanbHOH npo6neMOH B
CTpaHax C HH3KHM ypOBHeM LlOXOLla baHK 6YLleT
npOLlOn)f(aTh LlenaTb ynop Ha Heo6xOLlHMOCTb B
31JIJeKTHBHOH nonHTHKe B 06naCTH
HapOLlOHaCeneHHsI H nHTaHHsI HanpaBneHHOH Ha
ynylllleHHe ycnyr B clJepe nnaHHpOBaHHsI ceMhH H
oxpaHbl penpOLlYKTHBHoro 3LlOPOBhsl KOTophle
cnoco6CTBYIOT coxpaHeHHIO He6onhllloro pa3Mepa
ceMbH H CHH)f(eHHIO He)f(enaTenbHOH
pO)f(LlaeMOCTH TaK)f(e B CTpaHax C HH3KHM
ypOBHeM LlOXOLla Mepbl HanpaBneHHble Ha
CHH)f(eHHe ueH Ha npOLlYKTbl nHTaHHsI
nOBblllleHHe 31JIJeKTHBHOCTH pa60Tbl
npOLlOBonbCTBeHHblX PbIHKOB nOLlLlep)f(aHHe
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cnoeB HaCeneHHsI MoryT OKa3aTb ropa3Llo 60nbllle nOnO)f(HTenbHoro B03LleHCTBHsI Ha 3LlopOBbe
HaCeneHHsI leM y nYlllleHHe pa60Tbl CHCTeMbI
MeLlHUHHCKoro 06cnY)f(HBaHHsI
PellleHHe 3THX npo6neM laCTO Tpe6yeT
lllHpOKoro Ha60pa anbTepHaTHB COUHanbHOH
nonHTHKH (HanpHMep 06eCneleHHe paBHoro
LlocTyna MY)f(lHH H )f(eHIUHH K nonYleHHIO
06pa30BaHHsI H y nYlIlleHHe cTaTyca )f(eHIUHH B
06IUeCTBe) ynyllllaIOlUHX H paCIIIHpslIOIUHX Bbl60p
)f(H3HeHHOH anbTepHaTHBbl Llnsl 6eLlHoro
HaCeneHHsI oco6eHHO MsI LleBOleK-nOLlpOCTKOB H
)f(eHIUHH B Tex cnylaslX KorLla )f(eHIUHHhI
pa60TaIOT Ba)f(HhIM lJaKTopOM B y nylllleHHH
COCTOslHHsI 3LlOPOBbsl LleTeH MO)f(eT sIBHTbCsI
LlOn)f(HbIH ypOBeHh YXOLla 3a HHMH BKnIOlasl
06eCneleHHe Heo6xOLlHMblMH MeLlHUHHCKHMH
ycnyraMH B cOBoKynHocTH C COOTBeTCTBYIOlUHM
nHTaHHeM H npolJHnaKTHleCKHMH
MeponpHsITHsIMH (HanpHMep BaKUHHaUHsI H YXOLl
3a 3y6aMH) npH peIlleHHH TaKHX npo6neM
Heo6xOLlHMO YlHTbIBaTb TpaLlHUHH H npHHsIThle
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25
naUHeHTOB-)KeHlllHH nOnYlJaTb nelJeHHe Y
nOKTOpoB-MY)KlJHH HnH npenCTaBHTeneH 6enHoro
CenbCKOrO HaCeneHHSI nelJHTbCSI B HenpHBbllJHblX
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6enHoe HaceneHHe 3alJaCTYlO npennOlJHTaeT He
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cnylJae ecnH MenHUHHCKoe YlJpe)KneHHe
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MellHUHHCKoro 06cnY)KHBaHHSI XOTSI H
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26
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27
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28
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29
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nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
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BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
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npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
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OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
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npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
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nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
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H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
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BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
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KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
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3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
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3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
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neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
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YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
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pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
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KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
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MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
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nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
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(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
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C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
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no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
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npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
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06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
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CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
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33
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26
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27
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28
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HX peanH3aUHIO H aHanH3HpoBaTh pe3ynhTaThl a
TaK)Ke LlenaTh 60nhlllHH ynop Ha pa3pa60TKY H
KOHTpOnh 3a BhmonHeHHeM HccneLlOBaTenhCKHX
KOMnOHeHTOB HHBeCTHUHOHHhlX npoeKToB
CneLlyeT 06paTHTh 60nhlUe BHHMaHHB Ha
(a) Bonpochl pearHpOBaHHjI OTLlenhHhlX nHU H
ceMeH Ha ueHoBYIO nonHTHKY KaleCTBO LlocTyn
MeLlHUHHCKoro 06cnY)KHBaHHjI H oxpaHhl
3LlOPOBhjl HaCeneHHjI KOHKpeTHhle MepOnpHjlTHjI
COleTaHHe rocYLlapCTBaiaCTHoro ceKTopa H
pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
noompeHHe nHU H ceMeH 6paTh BCIO nonHoTY
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH Ha ce6j1 3a CBoe 3LlopOBhe H
YlaCTBOBaTh B npouecce npHHSITHjI pellleHHH (B)
H3YQeHHe lgtaKTopoB BnHjlIOIl(HX Ha pe3ynhTaThi
pa60Thi CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI BKnIOIajl
nonHTHIeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO pelgtopM ynpaBneHHe H
opraHH3aUHOHHhie acneKThl (r) H3YleHHe
npouecca 06eCneleHHjI YCTOHIHBoro ypOBHjI
IgtHHaHCHpoBaHHjI 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H cOBMellleHHjI
PHCKOB H Toro KaK Hcnonh30BaTh pe3ynhTaThl
nonYleHHhle B XOLle 0630pOB 3aTpaT Ha
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHe (HaceneHHjI H H3
rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
npeLlnpHsITHH) Llnjl onpeLleneHHjI OTpacneBhlX
npHopHTeTOB (pellleHHH 0 pacnpeLleneHHH
pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
OCMhicneHHe onhlTa pelgtOpMHpOBaHHjI CHCTeM
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHeM H
29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
BO-BTOPblX HeofixonHMO TpaTHTb 60nbllle
BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
ypOKOB B xone nnaHHpOBaHHSI H peanH3aUHH
npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
3neMeHTbl KOTopble ofieCnelJHBalOT
KalJeCTBeHHOCTb npoeKTa nYTeM npHMeHeHHSI
HMeIOIUHXCSI HHCTpYMeHTOB OTpacneBoro
3KOHOMHlJeCKOrO opraHH3aUHOHHoro aHanH3a H
oueHKH nOTeHUHanbHoro pHCKa Eonbllle BpeMeHH
HeofixonHMO ynenSITb anpofiaUHH HOBblX
nonxonoB BKnlOlJaSl IllHpOKOMaCllITafiHble
OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
npHeMneMoro cpOKa Y CHnHSI fiynyT
npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
npHBepJKeHHOCTH K BblfipaHHOH nonHTHKe npH
CMeHe npaBHTenbCTB HHCTHTYUHOHanbHoe
npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
B-TpeTbHX fiyneT onpofiOBaH fionee
rHfiKHH H IllHpOKHH Ha60p HHCTpYMeHTOB
KpenHTOBaHHSI JrO npenYCMaTpHBaeT fionbillee
Hcnonb30BaHHe IllHpoKHX OTpacneBblX nonXonOB H
3aHMOB MSI nOnnepJKKH CHCTeMHblX pecpopM
HOBblX MHKPO MHHH H ananTHpOBaHHblX
HHBeCTHUHOHHblX 3aHMOB no Mepe HX HanHlJHSI
Hcnonb30BaHHe fionee MenKHX H HHHOBaUHOHHblX
3aHMOB nOMOJKeT H3fieJKaTb CnOJKHblX
nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
nOKYMeHTaUHH
YlJHTblBaSl BaJKHOCTb KalJeCTBeHHOrO
npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
fiynyT npOBOnHTbCSI onpOCbl HaCeneHHSI nnSl
BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
EaHKa Ha pa3BHTHe
KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
B 3TOH ccpepe COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHe pafiOTbl CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H HX cpHHaHCHpOBaHHSI EaHKY
HeofixonHMO npHHSITb Mepbl no YKpenneHHIO
cofiCTBeHHoro nOTeHUHana H nOTeHUHana
3aeMIUHKOB no npoBeneHHIO MOHHTopHHra H
aHanH3a nporpecca B nOCTHJKeHHH nOCTaBneHHblX
3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
HHcpopMaUHSI ofi OCHOBHblX npofineMax B ccpepe
3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
ypoBHeM noxona H perHoHaM B KOTOPblX
3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
3KOHOMHlJeCKHX H npOlJHX COUHanbHblX
neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
CHCTeM 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H npOlJHX naHHblX
YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
nepelJeHb nOKa3aTeneH MSI oueHKH
pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
Hcnonb30BaHHSI Ha rrpaKTHKe (npH3HaHHe
B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
peCTpYKTYpH3aUHlO HMeIOIUerOCSI KpellHTHOrO
nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
EaHKOM KOHTpOJl~ H oueHKH HX peaJlH3aUHH H
(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
EyneT YKpenJleHO cOTpynHH-IecTBo EaHKa
C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
6yneT npOnOJlJKaTb OKa3bIBaTb nOnnepJKKY
HenaBHO C03naHHOMY MeJKnYHaponHOMY IgtOPYMY
no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
CneUHaJlbHblX rpaHTOB ltlgtOPYM cnoc06cTByeT
cocpenOTO-leHHIO HCCJlenOBaTeJlbCKHX pecypcoB Ha
npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
pacnpOCTpaHeHH~ MHKp060B cnoc06HblX
npOTHBOCTORTb BaKUHHaM BO-BTOPbIX 6yneT
noompRTbCJI npOllOJlJKeHHe IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ H3
cpenCTB rpaHTOB npHopHTeTHblX MeJKnYHaponHbIX
HHHUHaTHB yJly-llllalOlUHX 06MeH onblTOM B
06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
COTPYnHH-IaTb C lgtapMaueBTH-IeCKOH BaKUHHHOH H
6HOTeXHOJlOrH-IeCKOH npOMbIlllJleHHOCTblO no
YKpenJleHHIO HCCJlenOBaHHH H nOJlY-leHHIO
nponYKTOB He06xollHMblX nnR 6enHoro HaCeJleHH5I
B CTpaHax C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona KaK- TO
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COBepllleHHble MeTonbl nHarHOCTHKH
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BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla nporpaMMbl OOH no 60Pb6e
CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla
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npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no 60Pb6e C 60Jle3HblO
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AIgtPHKH B HX 60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH MaJl~PHH
pa60Ta C B03 H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no
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nponaraHnHpOBaHHe HHTerpHpOBaHHoro nonxona K
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nJlaHa neHCTBHH OTpaCJleBOH COBeT pa3pa60TaeT B
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(npHJlOJKeHHe F) H nepe-lHH nOKa3aTeJleH
pe3YJlbTaTOB no KOTOPblM 6yneT oueHHBaTbC~
ne~eJlbHOCTb EaHKa npH nonrOTOBKe OTpaCJleBOH
cTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH Ha CJlenYlOlUHH nepHon
nOcpenCTBOM TaKHX Mep 6yneT paClllHpeH
BKJlan EaHKa B MeJKnYHaponHble yCHJlH~ no
YKpenJleHHIO COUHaJlbHOrO pa3BHTHR B nepBoe
neC~HJleTHe 21-ro BeKa EaHK HaMepeH H B
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06lUeCTBeHHOCTb no BOnpocaM KacaIOIUHXC~
nOJlHTHKH B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ OKa3bIBaR
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cOTpynHH-IecTBO CO CBOHMH KJlHeHTaMH H npyrHMH
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33
3IPIPeKTUBHhlMU KaqeCTBeHHhlMU U
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llIHpOKOMaCllITa6HhIX OTpaCneBhIX peqopM lIaCTO
B03HHKaeT B CTpaHaX HMeIOll(HX cephe3Hhle
CHCTeMHhle HeJlOCTaTKH B ccpepe 3nH npH
HeKOTophIX COBnaJleHHjlX nOlXOJl Hcnonh3yeMhIH
B CTpaHaX C HH3KHM ypOBHeM JlOXOJla CKOpee BCerO
6yJleT OTnHlIaThCjI OT nOJlXOJla npHMeHHMOrO B
ycnoBHjlX CTpaH CO CpeJlHHM ypOBHeM JlOXOJla B
CTpaHaX C HH3KHM ypOBHeM JlOXOJla rJle lIaCTHhIH
ceKTOp lIaCTO JlOMHHHpyeT (CMnpHnOJKeHHe A nepelleHh CTpaH B KOTOPhIX Gonee 70 paCXOJlOB
Ha 3JlpaBOOXpaHeHHe npHXOJlHTCjI Ha lIaCTHhIH
ceKTOp) 6YJleT noorupjlThCjI COCpeJlOTOlleHHe
BHHMaHHjI rocYJlapCTBa Ha OKa3aHHH ycnyr
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(npocpHnaKTHlIecKHe MepOnpHjlTHjI C ccpepe
06ruecTBeHHoro 3JlpaBOOXpaHeHHjI)
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HaceneHHIO no nelleHHIO 3a60neBaHHH 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHoM perynHpoBaHHH lIaCTHOro ceKTopa
YKpenneHHH ynpaBneHlIecKoro nOTeHUHana
nOJllepJKKe HccneJloBaTenhcKoH paGoThI H
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60nee 70 paCXOJlOB Ha 3JlpaBooxpaHeHHe
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MeJlHUHHCKHX ycnyr nYTeM npeJloCTaBneHHjI
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cnYllajlx BOCCTaHOBneHHe 6anaHca MeJKJlY
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nOTeHUHan Jlnjl cpHHaHCHpOBaHHjI H
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Ha JleueHTpanH3aUHIO H BHyTpeHHHe phIHKH
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nocneJlCTBHjlMH B 60nee CHnhHhIX
opraHH3aUHOHHhIX ycnOBHjlX KOrJla HMeeTCjI
3cpcpeKTHBHhiH nOTeHUHan Jlnjl perynHpoBaHHjI H
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aKTHBHOC YllaCTHe lIaCTHhIX npOH3BOJlHTeneH
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3cpcpeKTHBHhIMH B pa3pa60TKe nonHTHKH
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(npocpeCCHOHanhHhle aCCOUHaUHH rpynnhI
nOTpe6HTeneH H aKaJleMHlIeCKHe HHCTHTYThI) B
HCCneJlOBaHHH BonpOCOB CBjI3aHHhIX C
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OTJlenhHhIX MepOnpHjlTHH ynpaBneHHjI K0UTponjl
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3cpcpeKTHBHhle CTHMYnhI H MexaHH3MhI onnaThI
ycnyr MoryT BHeCTH 3HallHTenhHhIH BKnaJl B
ynYllIlleHHe pe3ynhTaToB pa60ThI CHCTeM
3JlpaBOOXpaHeHHjI
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JlOnJKeH Gonee TeCHO COTpYJlHHlIaTh He TonhKO C
MHHHCTepCTBaMH 3JlpaBOOXpaHeHHjI HO H C
MHHHCTepcTBaMH 3aHHMaIOll(HMHCjI BonpocaMH
cpHHaHCHpoBaHHjI npHBaTH3aUHH H
nnaHHpoBaHHjI B paMKax DaHKa 60nee TeCHhle
CBjl3H 6YJlYT YCTaHoBneHhI C MltlgtK H OrJlenOM
cpHHaHcHpoBaHHjI lIaCTHOro ceKTopa H
HHcppaCTpYKTYPhI liTO nocnYJKHT 60nee
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27
ClPephl B IaCTHhle PYKH H OKa)KeT COneHCTBHe B
npHTOKe IPHHaHCOBhlX CpenCTB B
HerocynapCTBeHHhlH CeKTOp
llpuopumem 3 B cgiepe 3llH Eonee
TeCHoe COTpYAHHIeCTBO C
rocYAapcTBaMH no ooeCneleHHlO
YCTOHIHBOrO qJHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
3ApaBooxpaHeHHSI nYTeM
MooHnH3aUHH HeooxoAHMblX pecypcoB
C03AaHHSI llIHpOKOMacllITaoHhlx
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nOAAepgtKaHHSI 3qJqJeKTHBHoro
KOHTponSi 3a rocYAapcTBeHHblMH H
IaCTHblMH pacxoAaMH
OnhlT 60nhlllHHcTBa CTpaH C HH3KHM H
cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona H cTpaH 03CP
nOKa3hlBaeT ITO rocynapCTBO nOn)KHO HrpaTh
Ba)KHeHlll)1O ponh B IPHHaHCHpOBaHHH
3npaBooxpaHeHHjI nYTeM perynHpoBaHHjI BhlnalH
CneUHaJIhHhlX MaHnaTOB H npjlMOrO
CyOCHJlHpOBaHHjI LJa)Ke npH HaJIHIHH
3HalHTenhHh1X 1aCTHhIX pecypCOB He31PlPeKTHBHOe
rocynapCTBeHHoe ynpaBneHHe MO)KeT npHBeCTH
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npOCTO npenOCTaBnjITh cpenCTBa Ha KanHTaJIhHhle
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OKa3aHHH nOMOlllH CTpaHaM no 06eCneleHHIO
YCTOHIHBOrO YPOBHjI IPHHaHCHpOBaHHjI nporpaMM B
oonaCTH 3nH OnpeneneHHoe COleTaHHe
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CTpaXOBaHHe H OOlllHe OIOJl)KeTHhle nocTynneHHjI)
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nOn)KHO 3aBHceTh OT KOHKpeTHhlX ycnoBHH
Ka)KnOH CTpaHhI B CTpaHax C HH3KHM ypOBHeM
noxona HeooxonHMO npHnO)KHTh 3HalHTenhHhle
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cnOCOOHhlX 06ecnelHTh MHHHMaJIhHO-
HeooxonHMblH ypOBeHh IPHHaHCHpOBaHHjI
OCHOBHhlX ycnyr MjI oenuoro HaCeneHHjI) B
CTpaHax CO CpenuHM H BhlCOKHM ypoBHeM nOXona
HHCTpYMeHThl HaJIOrOOOnO)KeHHjI CTaHOBjlTCjI
oonee 31PIPCKTHBHhiM cpenCTBOM MOOHnH3aUHH
IPHHaHCOBhlX pecypcoB H paClllHpeHHjI npaKTHKH
COBMCllleHHjI pHCKOB Ocoooe BHHMaHHe oyneT
y neneHO nOOOlHhIM nocnenCTBHjlM Wljl OlOn)KeTa
H phlHKa paOOleH CHnhl (CMnpHnO)KeHHe A
nepeleHh CTpaH TpaTjllllHX oonblllHe OObeMhl
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rpynn HaCeneHHjI HaHoonee B HeM HY)KnalOlllHXCjI
OnhlT nOKa3aJI ITO Korna CTpaHhl CO
cpenHHM ypOBHeM noxona paClllHpjllOT OObeM
OKa3hIBaeMhiX ycnyr H HalHHaIOT Hcnonh30BaTh
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HeooxonHMhl pelllHTenhHhle neHCTBHjI no
Cnep)KHBaHHIO CTpeMHTenhHoro pOCTa pacxonOB B
OTpacnH 3npaBooxpaHeHHjI KaK 3TO npoH30lllJlO B
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LJnjl peanH3aUHH TaKOH CTpaTerHH EaHKY
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H C MHHHCTepCTBaMH IPHHaHCOB H COUHaJIhHOH
3alllHThl jlBnjlI()lllHMHCjI OCHOBHhlMH
YlaCTHHKaMH B 3TOH 06nacTH rpynna no
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OObenHHeHHeM CneUHaJIHCTOB EaHKa no BonpocaM
CHH)KeHHjI ypOBHjI oenHOCTH H ynpaBneHHjI
3KOHOMHKOH
YcuneHue B03AeucTBuR u nOBblmeHue pe3ynbTaTuBHOCTu
EaHK HalaJI paClllHpeHHe CBoeH nejITenhHOCTH B
oonaCTH 3nH IIpHMepHO neCjlTh neT Ha3an
BcnenCTBHe OhlCTPOrO pOCTa 1HCna npoeKTOB
Ohino nOBonhHO CnO)KHO OOeCnelHTh onHHaKOBoe
KaleCTBO TaK)Ke HaOnlOnaJIaCh HeKOTOp~
IPparMeHTapHOCTh nejITenhHOCTH OnHaKO
28
OCHOBHYIO TpeBory BhI3hlBaIOT B03LleHCTBHe H
pe3ynhTaTHBHOCTh npOeKTOB llnjl BhmOnHeHHjI
CTpaTerHH H3nO)KeHHOH B LlaHHoM LloKYMeHTe
MaKCHMH3aUHH B03LleHCTBHjI HHBeCTHUHH H
06eCneleHHjI nOnYIeHHjI KnHeHTaMH ycnyr
BhlCOKOrO KaleCTBa naHKY He06xOLlHMO
CneLloBaTh 1eThlpeM npHHUHnaM ynop Ha
CTpaTerHIeCKYIO HanpaBneHHOCTh nonHTHKH B
06naCTH 3nH nOLlKpenneHHe KpeLlHTOBaHHjI
aHanH30M H HCCneLlOBaHHjlMH 60nhlllaji
H36HpaTenhHOCTh B npOeKTaX H ynylllleHHe
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npHHUHnhl npeLlCTaBneHhl B 60nee nOLlp06HOM
H3nO)KeHHH
Ynop Ha crpaTerHqeCKHe npHopHTeTbl
nOJIHTHKH B OOJIaCTH 3DH
CTpaTerHH pa3BHTHjI B 06naCTH 3nH
OXBaThlBaIOT nepHoLl OT 10 LlO 15 neT ITO
npeBhllllaeT UHKn 60nhlllHHCTBa npoeKToB (5-8 neT) H HHLlHBHLlyanhHhle 3aLlaHHjI COTPYLlHHKOB
naHKa (1-4 rOlla) YIHThIBaji TaKYIO np06neMY
1pe3BhllaHHO Ba)KHO coCpeLlOTOlHTh KOHKpeTHhle
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Ka)KLlOH H3 CTpaTerHH nOMOIl(H CTpaHe (CnC) a
TaK)Ke peKoMeHLlaUHH KpeLlHToBaHHe H
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npHopHTeTHhlM 06naCTjlM B clgtepe 3nH
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CDC 6YLleT Hcnonh30BaHa B KaleCTBe
KnIOIeBOrO HHCTpYMeHTa nepeLlalH MHeHHjI naHKa
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PYKOBOLlHTenjlMH CTpaH CneUHanHcThl naHKa B
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COTpYLlHHIeCTBe co CTpaHOBhlMH OTLlenaMH no
nOLlrOTOBKe CTpaTerHH nOMOIl(H TeM CTpaHaM B
KOTOPhlX HMeIOTCjI HaH60nee Cephe3Hhie
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(CMnpHnO)KeHHe A Llfljl peHTHHra cTpaH no
Ka)KLloH npHopHTeTHoH 06nacTH 3nH)
CneUHanHcThl B 06nacTH 3nH TaK)Ke 6YLleT
COTpYLlHHIaTh 60nee TeCHhlM 06pa30M co
cneUHanHCTaMH B 06nacTH 06pa30BaHHjI H
cOUHanhHoH 3aWHThl Llfljl pa3pa60TKH
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1enOBeleCKOrO KanHTana H npoH3BoLlHTenhHoCTH
TpyLla KOTophle MoryT 6hlTh BKnIOIeHhl B
aHanHTHIeCKYIO OCHOBY peKmteHLlaUHH
npeLlnaraeMhlx B Cnc PYKOBOLlCTBO naHK-a 6YLleT
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pe3ynhTaThi pa60Thi CHCTeM 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H
nOKa3aTenH IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHjI oTpacnH B cTpaHax
KOTophle HMeIOT 60nee BhlCOKHH ypOBeHh pHcKa
DOAKpenJIeHHe KpeAHToBaHHB
aHaJIHTHQeCKOH paooToH H HCCJ1eAOBaHHBMH
nO Mepe TOro KaK naHK npOLlOn)KaeT
nepeHocHTh ynop B CBoeH LleBTenhHOCTH
IgtH3HIeCKHX aKTHBOB H pe3ynhTaToB Ha npouecc
He06xoLlHMO 3KcnepHMeHTHpoBaTh H
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pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
noompeHHe nHU H ceMeH 6paTh BCIO nonHoTY
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH Ha ce6j1 3a CBoe 3LlopOBhe H
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H3YQeHHe lgtaKTopoB BnHjlIOIl(HX Ha pe3ynhTaThi
pa60Thi CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI BKnIOIajl
nonHTHIeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO pelgtopM ynpaBneHHe H
opraHH3aUHOHHhie acneKThl (r) H3YleHHe
npouecca 06eCneleHHjI YCTOHIHBoro ypOBHjI
IgtHHaHCHpoBaHHjI 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H cOBMellleHHjI
PHCKOB H Toro KaK Hcnonh30BaTh pe3ynhTaThl
nonYleHHhle B XOLle 0630pOB 3aTpaT Ha
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHe (HaceneHHjI H H3
rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
npeLlnpHsITHH) Llnjl onpeLleneHHjI OTpacneBhlX
npHopHTeTOB (pellleHHH 0 pacnpeLleneHHH
pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
OCMhicneHHe onhlTa pelgtOpMHpOBaHHjI CHCTeM
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
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CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHeM H
29
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0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
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H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
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npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
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nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
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Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
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KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
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3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
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3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
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neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
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YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
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pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
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KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
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MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
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nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
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(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
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C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
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no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
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npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
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nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
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06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
COTPYnHH-IaTb C lgtapMaueBTH-IeCKOH BaKUHHHOH H
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CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
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33
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28
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29
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1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
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30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
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B 3TOH ccpepe COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHe pafiOTbl CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H HX cpHHaHCHpOBaHHSI EaHKY
HeofixonHMO npHHSITb Mepbl no YKpenneHHIO
cofiCTBeHHoro nOTeHUHana H nOTeHUHana
3aeMIUHKOB no npoBeneHHIO MOHHTopHHra H
aHanH3a nporpecca B nOCTHJKeHHH nOCTaBneHHblX
3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
HHcpopMaUHSI ofi OCHOBHblX npofineMax B ccpepe
3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
ypoBHeM noxona H perHoHaM B KOTOPblX
3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
3KOHOMHlJeCKHX H npOlJHX COUHanbHblX
neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
CHCTeM 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H npOlJHX naHHblX
YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
nepelJeHb nOKa3aTeneH MSI oueHKH
pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
Hcnonb30BaHHSI Ha rrpaKTHKe (npH3HaHHe
B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
peCTpYKTYpH3aUHlO HMeIOIUerOCSI KpellHTHOrO
nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
EaHKOM KOHTpOJl~ H oueHKH HX peaJlH3aUHH H
(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
EyneT YKpenJleHO cOTpynHH-IecTBo EaHKa
C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
6yneT npOnOJlJKaTb OKa3bIBaTb nOnnepJKKY
HenaBHO C03naHHOMY MeJKnYHaponHOMY IgtOPYMY
no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
CneUHaJlbHblX rpaHTOB ltlgtOPYM cnoc06cTByeT
cocpenOTO-leHHIO HCCJlenOBaTeJlbCKHX pecypcoB Ha
npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
pacnpOCTpaHeHH~ MHKp060B cnoc06HblX
npOTHBOCTORTb BaKUHHaM BO-BTOPbIX 6yneT
noompRTbCJI npOllOJlJKeHHe IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ H3
cpenCTB rpaHTOB npHopHTeTHblX MeJKnYHaponHbIX
HHHUHaTHB yJly-llllalOlUHX 06MeH onblTOM B
06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
COTPYnHH-IaTb C lgtapMaueBTH-IeCKOH BaKUHHHOH H
6HOTeXHOJlOrH-IeCKOH npOMbIlllJleHHOCTblO no
YKpenJleHHIO HCCJlenOBaHHH H nOJlY-leHHIO
nponYKTOB He06xollHMblX nnR 6enHoro HaCeJleHH5I
B CTpaHax C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona KaK- TO
HOBble JleKapCTBa OT MaJl5lpHH
npoTHBoTy6epKYJle3Hble BaKUHHbl 60Jlee
COBepllleHHble MeTonbl nHarHOCTHKH
BeHepH-IeCKHX 3a60JleBaHHH EaHK 6yneT TaKJKe
HCKaTb nyTH paClllHpeHH~ CBoeH nOnnepJKKH
MeJKnYHaponHOH HHHUHaTHBbl no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla nporpaMMbl OOH no 60Pb6e
CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla
TaKJKe 6ynYT npennpHH~bl naJlbHeHlllHe
yCHJlH~ no paClllHpeHHIO napTHepCTBa EaHKa C
npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no 60Pb6e C 60Jle3HblO
pe-lHOH CJlenOTbl H B ueJl~X OKa3aHH~ nOnnepJKKH
npyrHM MeJKnYHaponHblM HHHUHaTHBaM B clgtepe
3nH nOTeHUHaJlbHO HMelOlUHM 3Ha-lHTeJlbHblH
BHelllHHH 31gt1gteKT B03MOJKHblMH HanpaBJleHH~MH
COTPYnHH-IeCTBa ~BJl~IOTC~ nOnnepJKKa CTpaH
AIgtPHKH B HX 60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH MaJl~PHH
pa60Ta C B03 H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no
60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH Ty6epKYJle3a H
nponaraHnHpOBaHHe HHTerpHpOBaHHoro nonxona K
Jle-leHHIO 3a60JleBaHHH neTCKoro B03paCTa
OT Bu~eHUB npooneM K ~eHCTBUIO
PeaJlH3aUHR CTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH
6yneT TeCHO CBR3aHa C HOBblM CTpaTerH-IeCKHM
corJlallleHHeM no opraHH3aUHOHHOMY pa3BHTHlO
EaHKa Ha OCHOBe nOCTaBJleHHblX 3ana-l H 06lUero
nJlaHa neHCTBHH OTpaCJleBOH COBeT pa3pa60TaeT B
COTPYnHH-IeCTBe C perHOHaJlbHblMH
nenapTaMeHTaMH CTpaTerH-IeCKYIO MaTpHUY
(npHJlOJKeHHe F) H nepe-lHH nOKa3aTeJleH
pe3YJlbTaTOB no KOTOPblM 6yneT oueHHBaTbC~
ne~eJlbHOCTb EaHKa npH nonrOTOBKe OTpaCJleBOH
cTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH Ha CJlenYlOlUHH nepHon
nOcpenCTBOM TaKHX Mep 6yneT paClllHpeH
BKJlan EaHKa B MeJKnYHaponHble yCHJlH~ no
YKpenJleHHIO COUHaJlbHOrO pa3BHTHR B nepBoe
neC~HJleTHe 21-ro BeKa EaHK HaMepeH H B
naJlbHeHllleM HHlgtopMHpoBaTb MHpOBylO
06lUeCTBeHHOCTb no BOnpocaM KacaIOIUHXC~
nOJlHTHKH B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ OKa3bIBaR
CBoe BJlH~HHe Ha HanpaBJleHHe MeJKnYHapOnHblX
ne6aTOB 0 pa3BHTHH MHPOBblX CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHH5I H yKpenJl~51 naPTHepCTBO H
cOTpynHH-IecTBO CO CBOHMH KJlHeHTaMH H npyrHMH
opraHH3aUH~MH
33
OCHOBHYIO TpeBory BhI3hlBaIOT B03LleHCTBHe H
pe3ynhTaTHBHOCTh npOeKTOB llnjl BhmOnHeHHjI
CTpaTerHH H3nO)KeHHOH B LlaHHoM LloKYMeHTe
MaKCHMH3aUHH B03LleHCTBHjI HHBeCTHUHH H
06eCneleHHjI nOnYIeHHjI KnHeHTaMH ycnyr
BhlCOKOrO KaleCTBa naHKY He06xOLlHMO
CneLloBaTh 1eThlpeM npHHUHnaM ynop Ha
CTpaTerHIeCKYIO HanpaBneHHOCTh nonHTHKH B
06naCTH 3nH nOLlKpenneHHe KpeLlHTOBaHHjI
aHanH30M H HCCneLlOBaHHjlMH 60nhlllaji
H36HpaTenhHOCTh B npOeKTaX H ynylllleHHe
06CnY)KHBaHHjI CTpaH-KnHeHTOB HH)Ke 3TH
npHHUHnhl npeLlCTaBneHhl B 60nee nOLlp06HOM
H3nO)KeHHH
Ynop Ha crpaTerHqeCKHe npHopHTeTbl
nOJIHTHKH B OOJIaCTH 3DH
CTpaTerHH pa3BHTHjI B 06naCTH 3nH
OXBaThlBaIOT nepHoLl OT 10 LlO 15 neT ITO
npeBhllllaeT UHKn 60nhlllHHCTBa npoeKToB (5-8 neT) H HHLlHBHLlyanhHhle 3aLlaHHjI COTPYLlHHKOB
naHKa (1-4 rOlla) YIHThIBaji TaKYIO np06neMY
1pe3BhllaHHO Ba)KHO coCpeLlOTOlHTh KOHKpeTHhle
CTpaTerHH B 06nacTH 3nH H3nO)KeHHhle B
Ka)KLlOH H3 CTpaTerHH nOMOIl(H CTpaHe (CnC) a
TaK)Ke peKoMeHLlaUHH KpeLlHToBaHHe H
HccneLlOBaHHjI Ha cpeLlHeCpOlHhiX 3aLlalaX H
KpaTKOCpOlHhIX Mepax cooTBeTCTBYIOIl(HX TpeM
npHopHTeTHhlM 06naCTjlM B clgtepe 3nH
H3nO)KeHHhIM Bhlllle
CDC 6YLleT Hcnonh30BaHa B KaleCTBe
KnIOIeBOrO HHCTpYMeHTa nepeLlalH MHeHHjI naHKa
o npHopHTeTax B clgtepe 3nH B XOLle LlHanora C
PYKOBOLlHTenjlMH CTpaH CneUHanHcThl naHKa B
06naCTH 3nH 6YLlYT pa60TaTh B TeCHOM
COTpYLlHHIeCTBe co CTpaHOBhlMH OTLlenaMH no
nOLlrOTOBKe CTpaTerHH nOMOIl(H TeM CTpaHaM B
KOTOPhlX HMeIOTCjI HaH60nee Cephe3Hhie
CHCTeMHhle np06neMhi B OTpacnH 3nH
(CMnpHnO)KeHHe A Llfljl peHTHHra cTpaH no
Ka)KLloH npHopHTeTHoH 06nacTH 3nH)
CneUHanHcThl B 06nacTH 3nH TaK)Ke 6YLleT
COTpYLlHHIaTh 60nee TeCHhlM 06pa30M co
cneUHanHCTaMH B 06nacTH 06pa30BaHHjI H
cOUHanhHoH 3aWHThl Llfljl pa3pa60TKH
KOnHIeCTBeHHhIX nOKa3aTeneH IgtopMHpOBaHHjI
1enOBeleCKOrO KanHTana H npoH3BoLlHTenhHoCTH
TpyLla KOTophle MoryT 6hlTh BKnIOIeHhl B
aHanHTHIeCKYIO OCHOBY peKmteHLlaUHH
npeLlnaraeMhlx B Cnc PYKOBOLlCTBO naHK-a 6YLleT
BhI60pOlHO KOHTpOnHpOBaTh xOLl npoeKToB
pe3ynhTaThi pa60Thi CHCTeM 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H
nOKa3aTenH IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHjI oTpacnH B cTpaHax
KOTophle HMeIOT 60nee BhlCOKHH ypOBeHh pHcKa
DOAKpenJIeHHe KpeAHToBaHHB
aHaJIHTHQeCKOH paooToH H HCCJ1eAOBaHHBMH
nO Mepe TOro KaK naHK npOLlOn)KaeT
nepeHocHTh ynop B CBoeH LleBTenhHOCTH
IgtH3HIeCKHX aKTHBOB H pe3ynhTaToB Ha npouecc
He06xoLlHMO 3KcnepHMeHTHpoBaTh H
OCMhlcnHBaTh nonYleHHhlH onhlT llnB 3Toro
He06xoLlHMO TluaTenhHO pa3pa6aThiBaTh
3KcnepHMeHTanhHhie npoeKThl KOHTponHpoBaTh
HX peanH3aUHIO H aHanH3HpoBaTh pe3ynhTaThl a
TaK)Ke LlenaTh 60nhlllHH ynop Ha pa3pa60TKY H
KOHTpOnh 3a BhmonHeHHeM HccneLlOBaTenhCKHX
KOMnOHeHTOB HHBeCTHUHOHHhlX npoeKToB
CneLlyeT 06paTHTh 60nhlUe BHHMaHHB Ha
(a) Bonpochl pearHpOBaHHjI OTLlenhHhlX nHU H
ceMeH Ha ueHoBYIO nonHTHKY KaleCTBO LlocTyn
MeLlHUHHCKoro 06cnY)KHBaHHjI H oxpaHhl
3LlOPOBhjl HaCeneHHjI KOHKpeTHhle MepOnpHjlTHjI
COleTaHHe rocYLlapCTBaiaCTHoro ceKTopa H
pa3nHIHhle acneKThl MeLlHUHHCKHX ycnyr (6)
noompeHHe nHU H ceMeH 6paTh BCIO nonHoTY
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH Ha ce6j1 3a CBoe 3LlopOBhe H
YlaCTBOBaTh B npouecce npHHSITHjI pellleHHH (B)
H3YQeHHe lgtaKTopoB BnHjlIOIl(HX Ha pe3ynhTaThi
pa60Thi CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI BKnIOIajl
nonHTHIeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO pelgtopM ynpaBneHHe H
opraHH3aUHOHHhie acneKThl (r) H3YleHHe
npouecca 06eCneleHHjI YCTOHIHBoro ypOBHjI
IgtHHaHCHpoBaHHjI 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI H cOBMellleHHjI
PHCKOB H Toro KaK Hcnonh30BaTh pe3ynhTaThl
nonYleHHhle B XOLle 0630pOB 3aTpaT Ha
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHe (HaceneHHjI H H3
rOCYLlapcTBeHHoro 6IOLl)KeTa OT rOCYLlapCTBeHHhlX
npeLlnpHsITHH) Llnjl onpeLleneHHjI OTpacneBhlX
npHopHTeTOB (pellleHHH 0 pacnpeLleneHHH
pecypCOB H CLlep)KHBaHHH pOCTa paCXOLlOB) (Ll)
OCMhicneHHe onhlTa pelgtOpMHpOBaHHjI CHCTeM
3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI B LlpyrHx CTpaHax Llnjl 60nee
1eTKOrO nOHHMaHHjI B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHH Me)KLlY
Me)KOTpaCneBhIMH nonHTHKaMH pa60TOH
CHCTeMhl 3LlpaBooxpaHeHHjI IgtHHaHcHpOBaHHeM H
29
C
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
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BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
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npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
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OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
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3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
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npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
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npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
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nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
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npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
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BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
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KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
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3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
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3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
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neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
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YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
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pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
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KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
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MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
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nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
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(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
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C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
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no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
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npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
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nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
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06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
COTPYnHH-IaTb C lgtapMaueBTH-IeCKOH BaKUHHHOH H
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CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
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nOcpenCTBOM TaKHX Mep 6yneT paClllHpeH
BKJlan EaHKa B MeJKnYHaponHble yCHJlH~ no
YKpenJleHHIO COUHaJlbHOrO pa3BHTHR B nepBoe
neC~HJleTHe 21-ro BeKa EaHK HaMepeH H B
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nOJlHTHKH B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ OKa3bIBaR
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opraHH3aUH~MH
33
0
PeaJlH3aUHR TaKOH npOrpaMMbl Tpe6yeT OTKa3a OT nOnHTHKH COKpalleHHR 6lOn)feTa Ha OTpaCneBOH aHaJlH3 pOCTa 61Oll)feTa Ha HccnenOBaTenbCKYIO pa60TY nponOpUHOHaJlbHO pa3Mepy KpenHTHOrO nopTllenR B 06naCTH 3nH H nOnOnHHTenbHOro BblneneHHR pecypCOB Ha nnaHHpOBaHHe H peaJlH3aUHIO HHHOBaUHOHHblX npoeKTOB B 6ynYlleM rpynna no BonpocaM 3nH 6yneT ConeHCTBOBaTb 60nee 31llleKTHBHOMY Hcnonb30BaHHIO COTpynHHKaMH naHKa HaKonneHHoro onblTa (KaK nOnO)fHTenbHoro TaK H OTpHuaTenbHoro)
J)onbwaR H36HpaTenbHOCTb
nOCKonbKY naHK He MO)feT 3aHHMaTbCR BceM C onHHaKOBblM ycnexoM npHxonHTbCR nenaTb TpYnHblH Bbl60p B OTHOllleHHH Toro rne He06xOnHMo HenocpenCTBeHHoe YlaCTHe naHKa a rne 60nee pa3YMHO OKa3blBaTb nOnnep)fKY npyrHM opraHH3aUHRM HnH 1aCTHOMY ceKTopy n y neT npOnOn)feHO TecHoe cOTpynHHIecTBO C opraHH3aUHRMH-fiapTHepaMH TaKHMH KaK B03 B cornaCOBaHHH 1eTKOrO pa3neneHHR Tpyna Me)fny opraHH3aUHRMH ITO n03BOnHT nOnonHHTb neHTenbHOCTb npyr npyra H36eraR npH 3TOM ny6nHpOBaHHH KaleCTBO 6ynylUHx npoeKToB 6yneT ynylllleHO 6naronapR npouenypaM oroopa nonpa3YMeBalOllHM (a) conOCTaBneHHe npoeKTa C nOTpe6HOCTHMH CTpaHbl B TpeX npHOpHTeTHbIX 06naCTHx 3nH (6) 06neKTHBHYlO oueHKY nOTeHUHaJlbHblX BbIron (c ynopOM Ha MepOnpHHTHH HMelOllHe 3HalJHTenbHblH BHelllHHH 31l1leKT) H no6olJHbIX nOnHTHlJeCKHX 3KOHOMHIeCKHX H COUHaJlbHblX PHCKOB (B) 3aKnlOlJeHHe 0 HaJlHlJHH B CTpaHe npHBep)feHHOCTH npaBHTenbCTBa npoueccy pellopM
1136HpaTenbHblH nouxon B OTHOllleHHH nOTpe6HOCTeH CTpaH-KI1HeHTOB nOmKeH npHMeHHTbC~ co BCeH OCTOPO)fHOCTblO OnHHM H3 cnoco6oM y nylllleHHR nOnO)feHHR 6enHOrO HaCeneHHR B pe3ynbTaTe neHTenbHOCTH naHKa RBnReTCR KOHueHTpaUHR YCHHHH H pecypcoB Ha TeX CTpaHaX rne npO)fHBaeT 60nbllIaR nOnR 6enHoro HaCeneHHR (CMnpHnO)feHHe A fpynna CTpaH C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona)
llpyrHM cnoco6oM nOBblllleHHR 31llleKTHBHOCTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH CO CTOPOHbl naHKa RBnHeTCH H36HpaTenbHblH nouxon K IlHHaHCHpOBaHHIO npoeKTOB H MepOnpHHTHH YlHTbIBaIOIUHH CTeneHb BnHHHHH nHaJlOra nonHTHKe B o6nacTH IlHHaHcHpOBaHHH Me)fny naHKoM H npaBHTenbCTBoM cTpaHbl H MepOnpHHTHH npoeKTa Ha pacnpeneneHHe 61Oll)feTHbIX cpencTB CpenCTBa e)ferOnHO npenOCTaBnHeMble MAP HrpalOT 3HalHTenbHYIO ponb B 06lleM IlHHaHcHpoBaHHH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH B He60nblllHX 6enHbix CTpaHax (164 B CTpaHax IJeHTpaJlbHOH H IO)fHOH AllpHKH H 131 B cTpaHax IO)fHOH A3HH 3a HCKnlOIeHHeM HHnHH) HO He B KpynHblx CTpaHax (05 B KHTae H 07 B HHnHH) E)ferOnHaH nOMOllb MAP cTpaHaM co cpenHHM ypoBHeM noxona TaK)fe OTHOCHTenbHO HeBenHKa (06 B HopnaHHH 04 B nonbllIe
03 B ApreHTHHe H 02 B MeKcHKe)
B 3aBepllleHHH cnenyeT OTMeTHTb ITO cnc MO)feT CTaTb MOllHbIM HHCTpYMeHTOM nOBblllleHHR H36HpaTenbHOCTH neHTenbHOCTH naHKa nYTeM cocpenOTOleHHH Ha Tex Bonpocax B cllepe 3nH KOTopble Tpe6ylOT lllHpOKOMaCllITa6HbiX CHCTeMHblX H Me)fOTpacneBbIX MepOnpHHTHH H rne naHK HMeeT 60nblllee npeHMYlleCTBO no cpaBHeHHIO C npyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH
YnYQWeHHe 06CJ1YgtKHBaHHH CTpaH-KJIHeHTOB
KalJeCTBO ycnyr npennaraeMbIX naHKOM CTpaHaM-KnHeHTaM B cllepe 3nH MO)feT 6blTb nOBblllleHO HeCKonbKHMH MeTonaMH Bo-nepBbIX naHK yKpenHT CBOIO HHIl0pMaUHOHHYIO 6a3y no 3nH 3TO BKI1lOlJaeT (a) C03naHHe TH nOCTOB nOMOllH no BonpocaM 3nH (6) C03naHHe KOMnblOTepHoH 6a3bl naHHblX no nOKYMeHTaM 0 nonHTHKe HaHnYlJllleH npaKTHKe 3neKTpoHHbiM ll0pYMaM TeXHHlJeCKHM 3anaHHHM npollHnlO nepCOHaJla H KOHcynbTaHToB BHelllHHM pecypcaM (B) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no TeHneHUHHM B paCXonOBaHHH cpenCTB Ha HY)fnbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H npenOCTaBneHHe npOlJeH HHllopMaUHH no cllepe 3nH H (r) C03naHHe 6a3bl naHHblX no npOlJHM acneKTaM cllepbI 3nH BKnlOIaR cnpoc H Hcnonb30BaHHe nOBeneHHe npOH3BonHTeneH H pblHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHHH
30
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
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BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
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npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
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H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
npHeMneMoro cpOKa Y CHnHSI fiynyT
npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
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npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
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nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
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H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
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Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
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KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
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3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
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3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
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YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
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pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
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KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
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B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
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B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
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nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
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nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
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(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
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non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
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C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
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no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
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npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
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B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
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CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
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pa60Ta C B03 H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no
60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH Ty6epKYJle3a H
nponaraHnHpOBaHHe HHTerpHpOBaHHoro nonxona K
Jle-leHHIO 3a60JleBaHHH neTCKoro B03paCTa
OT Bu~eHUB npooneM K ~eHCTBUIO
PeaJlH3aUHR CTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH
6yneT TeCHO CBR3aHa C HOBblM CTpaTerH-IeCKHM
corJlallleHHeM no opraHH3aUHOHHOMY pa3BHTHlO
EaHKa Ha OCHOBe nOCTaBJleHHblX 3ana-l H 06lUero
nJlaHa neHCTBHH OTpaCJleBOH COBeT pa3pa60TaeT B
COTPYnHH-IeCTBe C perHOHaJlbHblMH
nenapTaMeHTaMH CTpaTerH-IeCKYIO MaTpHUY
(npHJlOJKeHHe F) H nepe-lHH nOKa3aTeJleH
pe3YJlbTaTOB no KOTOPblM 6yneT oueHHBaTbC~
ne~eJlbHOCTb EaHKa npH nonrOTOBKe OTpaCJleBOH
cTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH Ha CJlenYlOlUHH nepHon
nOcpenCTBOM TaKHX Mep 6yneT paClllHpeH
BKJlan EaHKa B MeJKnYHaponHble yCHJlH~ no
YKpenJleHHIO COUHaJlbHOrO pa3BHTHR B nepBoe
neC~HJleTHe 21-ro BeKa EaHK HaMepeH H B
naJlbHeHllleM HHlgtopMHpoBaTb MHpOBylO
06lUeCTBeHHOCTb no BOnpocaM KacaIOIUHXC~
nOJlHTHKH B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ OKa3bIBaR
CBoe BJlH~HHe Ha HanpaBJleHHe MeJKnYHapOnHblX
ne6aTOB 0 pa3BHTHH MHPOBblX CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHH5I H yKpenJl~51 naPTHepCTBO H
cOTpynHH-IecTBO CO CBOHMH KJlHeHTaMH H npyrHMH
opraHH3aUH~MH
33
EaHK TaKJKe fiyneT OTCneJKHBaTb nYlJlllHe
npHMepbl MHPOBOH npaKTHKH B ccpepe 3nH a
TaKJKe TeHneHUHH pa3BHTHSI naHHOH OTpacnH
BO-BTOPblX HeofixonHMO TpaTHTb 60nbllle
BpeMeHH H YCHnHH Ha H3YlJeHHe pe3ynbTaToB
pafiOTbl KpenHTHoro nopTcpenSl H 60nee CHCTeMaTHlJeCKOe npHMeHeHHe H3BnelJeHHblX
ypOKOB B xone nnaHHpOBaHHSI H peanH3aUHH
npoeKTa AnSl 3Toro HeofixonHMO onpenenHTb Te
3neMeHTbl KOTopble ofieCnelJHBalOT
KalJeCTBeHHOCTb npoeKTa nYTeM npHMeHeHHSI
HMeIOIUHXCSI HHCTpYMeHTOB OTpacneBoro
3KOHOMHlJeCKOrO opraHH3aUHOHHoro aHanH3a H
oueHKH nOTeHUHanbHoro pHCKa Eonbllle BpeMeHH
HeofixonHMO ynenSITb anpofiaUHH HOBblX
nonxonoB BKnlOlJaSl IllHpOKOMaCllITafiHble
OTpacneBble peCPOPMbl H napTHepCTBO rocynapcTBa
H lJaCTHOro ceKTopa npoeKTbl KOTopble SIBHO He
ynanHcb H He CMornH BbInOnHHTb nOCTaBneHHble
3analJH pa3BHTHSI fiynyT peCTpYKTypHpOBaHbl HnH
npeKpaIUeHbl no HCTelJeHHH pa3yMHoshy
npHeMneMoro cpOKa Y CHnHSI fiynyT
npennpHHSITbl no H3YlJeHHlO B03neHCTBHSI
BHeIllHHX cpaKTopOB TaKHX KaK coxpaHeHHe
npHBepJKeHHOCTH K BblfipaHHOH nonHTHKe npH
CMeHe npaBHTenbCTB HHCTHTYUHOHanbHoe
npOTHBOCTOSlHHe pecpopMaM Korna HHTepeCbl
OTnenbHblX rpynn nOCTaBneHbl non yrp03y
npoueCCOM npeOfipa30BaHHH
B-TpeTbHX fiyneT onpofiOBaH fionee
rHfiKHH H IllHpOKHH Ha60p HHCTpYMeHTOB
KpenHTOBaHHSI JrO npenYCMaTpHBaeT fionbillee
Hcnonb30BaHHe IllHpoKHX OTpacneBblX nonXonOB H
3aHMOB MSI nOnnepJKKH CHCTeMHblX pecpopM
HOBblX MHKPO MHHH H ananTHpOBaHHblX
HHBeCTHUHOHHblX 3aHMOB no Mepe HX HanHlJHSI
Hcnonb30BaHHe fionee MenKHX H HHHOBaUHOHHblX
3aHMOB nOMOJKeT H3fieJKaTb CnOJKHblX
nonKOMnOHeHTOB HMeIOIUHXCSI B THnOBOH
CTpyKType cpHHaHcHpyeMoro EaHKOM npoeKTa
EaHK JKe npHcTynHn K H3YlJeHHlO Bonpoca ofi
Hcnonb30BaHHH fionee npOCTblX H rHfiKHX
npouenyp npH npOBeneHHH 3aKynoK H ofipa60TKH
nOKYMeHTaUHH
YlJHTblBaSl BaJKHOCTb KalJeCTBeHHOrO
npOBeneHHSI OueHOK nOTpefiHOCTeH nOTpefiHTeneH
H KOMMYHHKaUHOHHblX CTpaTerHH B ccpepe 3DH
fiynyT npOBOnHTbCSI onpOCbl HaCeneHHSI nnSl
BblSlCHeHHSI CTeneHH ynoBneTBopeHHSI ycnyraMH
Hx pC3ynbTaTbl fiynYT Hcnonb30BaTbCSI npH
pa3pafioTKe fiynYIUHX npoeKTOB
MOHHTopHHr B03AeiicTBHH AeHTenbHOCTH
EaHKa Ha pa3BHTHe
KOHelJHOH 3analJeH neSITenbHOCTH EaHKa B
OTpacnH 3nH SIBnSleTCSI ynYlJllleHHe nOKa3aTeneH
B 3TOH ccpepe COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHe pafiOTbl CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H HX cpHHaHCHpOBaHHSI EaHKY
HeofixonHMO npHHSITb Mepbl no YKpenneHHIO
cofiCTBeHHoro nOTeHUHana H nOTeHUHana
3aeMIUHKOB no npoBeneHHIO MOHHTopHHra H
aHanH3a nporpecca B nOCTHJKeHHH nOCTaBneHHblX
3analJ
B TafinHuax npHnOJKeHHSI A cofipaHa
HHcpopMaUHSI ofi OCHOBHblX npofineMax B ccpepe
3nH no BCeM cTpaHaM MHpa a TaKJKe OTnenbHO
no CTpaHaM C HH3KHM cpenHHM H BblCOKHM
ypoBHeM noxona H perHoHaM B KOTOPblX
3aneHcTBoBaH EaHK 3necb TaKJKe npHBeneHbl
pe3ynbTaTbl pafioTbl B Tpex npHopHTeTHblx
ofinacTSIx 3nH Ha OCHOBaHHH 06IUHX
3KOHOMHlJeCKHX H npOlJHX COUHanbHblX
neTepMHHaHTOB nOKa3aTeneH B ccpepe 3nOpOBbSl
nHTaHHSI HaponoHaCeneHHSI cpHHaHcHpoBaHHSI
CHCTeM 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI H npOlJHX naHHblX
YKa3blBalOIUHx Ha fiynYIUHe npofineMbl B ccpepe
3nH
nepelJeHb nOKa3aTeneH MSI oueHKH
pafioTbl CHCTeMbl 3npaBooxpaHeHHSI nOnJKeH fiblTb
ynYlJllleH B cOTpynHHlJeCTBe C npyrHMH
MeJKnYHap0nHblMH opraHH3aUHSIMH H cTpaHaMHshy
KnHeHTaMH E aHK nonrOTOBHT nepelJeHb 60nee 3cpcpeKTHBHblX nOKa3aTeneH a TaKJKe nponYMaeT
cHcTeMY cTHMynoB MSI noolUPeHHSI HX
Hcnonb30BaHHSI Ha rrpaKTHKe (npH3HaHHe
B03HarpaJKneHHe npoBepKH) H BKnlOlJHT
MOHHTopHHr H aHanH3 nocTHrHYTblx pe3ynbTaToB
B npoeKTbl KaK HeOTbeMneMYIO lJaCTb HX
CTpyKTYPbl DporH03bl 0 B03neHcTBHH npoeKTHblx
MepOnpHSITHH Ha 3TH nOKa3aTenH fiynyT
onpenenSITb COnepJKaHHe fiynyIUHx npoeKTOB H
peCTpYKTYpH3aUHlO HMeIOIUerOCSI KpellHTHOrO
nopTcpenSl
31
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
EaHKOM KOHTpOJl~ H oueHKH HX peaJlH3aUHH H
(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
EyneT YKpenJleHO cOTpynHH-IecTBo EaHKa
C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
6yneT npOnOJlJKaTb OKa3bIBaTb nOnnepJKKY
HenaBHO C03naHHOMY MeJKnYHaponHOMY IgtOPYMY
no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
CneUHaJlbHblX rpaHTOB ltlgtOPYM cnoc06cTByeT
cocpenOTO-leHHIO HCCJlenOBaTeJlbCKHX pecypcoB Ha
npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
pacnpOCTpaHeHH~ MHKp060B cnoc06HblX
npOTHBOCTORTb BaKUHHaM BO-BTOPbIX 6yneT
noompRTbCJI npOllOJlJKeHHe IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ H3
cpenCTB rpaHTOB npHopHTeTHblX MeJKnYHaponHbIX
HHHUHaTHB yJly-llllalOlUHX 06MeH onblTOM B
06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
COTPYnHH-IaTb C lgtapMaueBTH-IeCKOH BaKUHHHOH H
6HOTeXHOJlOrH-IeCKOH npOMbIlllJleHHOCTblO no
YKpenJleHHIO HCCJlenOBaHHH H nOJlY-leHHIO
nponYKTOB He06xollHMblX nnR 6enHoro HaCeJleHH5I
B CTpaHax C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona KaK- TO
HOBble JleKapCTBa OT MaJl5lpHH
npoTHBoTy6epKYJle3Hble BaKUHHbl 60Jlee
COBepllleHHble MeTonbl nHarHOCTHKH
BeHepH-IeCKHX 3a60JleBaHHH EaHK 6yneT TaKJKe
HCKaTb nyTH paClllHpeHH~ CBoeH nOnnepJKKH
MeJKnYHaponHOH HHHUHaTHBbl no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla nporpaMMbl OOH no 60Pb6e
CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla
TaKJKe 6ynYT npennpHH~bl naJlbHeHlllHe
yCHJlH~ no paClllHpeHHIO napTHepCTBa EaHKa C
npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no 60Pb6e C 60Jle3HblO
pe-lHOH CJlenOTbl H B ueJl~X OKa3aHH~ nOnnepJKKH
npyrHM MeJKnYHaponHblM HHHUHaTHBaM B clgtepe
3nH nOTeHUHaJlbHO HMelOlUHM 3Ha-lHTeJlbHblH
BHelllHHH 31gt1gteKT B03MOJKHblMH HanpaBJleHH~MH
COTPYnHH-IeCTBa ~BJl~IOTC~ nOnnepJKKa CTpaH
AIgtPHKH B HX 60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH MaJl~PHH
pa60Ta C B03 H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no
60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH Ty6epKYJle3a H
nponaraHnHpOBaHHe HHTerpHpOBaHHoro nonxona K
Jle-leHHIO 3a60JleBaHHH neTCKoro B03paCTa
OT Bu~eHUB npooneM K ~eHCTBUIO
PeaJlH3aUHR CTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH
6yneT TeCHO CBR3aHa C HOBblM CTpaTerH-IeCKHM
corJlallleHHeM no opraHH3aUHOHHOMY pa3BHTHlO
EaHKa Ha OCHOBe nOCTaBJleHHblX 3ana-l H 06lUero
nJlaHa neHCTBHH OTpaCJleBOH COBeT pa3pa60TaeT B
COTPYnHH-IeCTBe C perHOHaJlbHblMH
nenapTaMeHTaMH CTpaTerH-IeCKYIO MaTpHUY
(npHJlOJKeHHe F) H nepe-lHH nOKa3aTeJleH
pe3YJlbTaTOB no KOTOPblM 6yneT oueHHBaTbC~
ne~eJlbHOCTb EaHKa npH nonrOTOBKe OTpaCJleBOH
cTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH Ha CJlenYlOlUHH nepHon
nOcpenCTBOM TaKHX Mep 6yneT paClllHpeH
BKJlan EaHKa B MeJKnYHaponHble yCHJlH~ no
YKpenJleHHIO COUHaJlbHOrO pa3BHTHR B nepBoe
neC~HJleTHe 21-ro BeKa EaHK HaMepeH H B
naJlbHeHllleM HHlgtopMHpoBaTb MHpOBylO
06lUeCTBeHHOCTb no BOnpocaM KacaIOIUHXC~
nOJlHTHKH B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ OKa3bIBaR
CBoe BJlH~HHe Ha HanpaBJleHHe MeJKnYHapOnHblX
ne6aTOB 0 pa3BHTHH MHPOBblX CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHH5I H yKpenJl~51 naPTHepCTBO H
cOTpynHH-IecTBO CO CBOHMH KJlHeHTaMH H npyrHMH
opraHH3aUH~MH
33
KaAPOBoe OfieCneqeHHe pafiOThI bull I
C03naHHe 06benHHeHH~ CneUHanHCTOB l3aHKa H COBeTa no pa3BHTHIO COUHanhHhlX pecypcoB rpynnhl no BonpocaM 3nH OrpacneBoro COBeTa H PerHOHanhHhlX ceKTopOB (cMPHcD2 B npHnO)l(eHHH D) 3anO)l(HnO OCHOBhl nn~ ynylfllleHH~ B 06naCTH npotPeccHoHanhHoro pa3BHTH~ nepcoHana H cOBepllleHcTBoBaHH~
ynpaBneHH~ OCHOBHhlMH KanpoBhlMH BonpocaMH CB~3aHHhIMH C YKpenneHHeM nOTeHUHana l3aHKa nn~ BhmonHeHH~ nOCTaBneHHhlX 3analf B OTpacnH 3nH ~Bn~IOTC~ KalfeCTBeHHhlH H KonHlfeCTBeHHhlH COCTaB KanpoB H HX pa3MemeHHe
Bo-nepBhIX 6ynYT H3MeHeHhi nonHTHKa HaHMa HOBhlX KanpoB B03MO)l(HOCTH 06ylfeHH~
nepcoHana H npotPeccHoHanhHhle Tpe60BaHH~ K cneUHanHCTaM B 06naCTH 3nH C TeM lfT06hl OHH OTpa)KanH KOHKpeTHhle cTpaTerHlfecKHe HanpaBneHH~ npHOpHTeTHoH 3analfeH ~Bn~eTC~ tPopMHpoBaHHe KanpoBoro COCTaBa 06nanaIOmero BceH nonHOTOH H lllHPOTOH np0tPeccHoHanhHhlx 3HaHHH H YMeHHH He06xonHMhix nn~
3tPtPeKTHBHoro pellleHH~ 60nhllloro KOnHlfeCTBa BonpocoB B Tpex npHopHTeTHhlx 06naCT~X 3nH OC06hlH ynop 6yneT cnenaH Ha pa60THHKOB 06nanaIOlllHx npaKTHlfecKHM onhlTOM B OTpacnH 3nH cnoc06HhiX pa60TaTh co CnO)KHhIMH np06neMaMH cTpaTerHlfecKoro xapaKTepa H nOHHMaIOmHX nonHTHlfeCKYIO 3KOHOMHIO npoueccoB petP0pM
Bo-BTOphIX He06xonHMo H3MeHHTh COOTHOllleHHe nepcoHana B oTpacnH 3nH nn~ Toro lfT06hl 06beM H TeMnhl pocTa KpenHTHoro nopTtPen~ B 3TOH 06naCTH 6hlnH 6hl 06ecnelfeHhl COOTBeTCTBYIOmHMH KanpaMH 3a npolllnhie 10 neT KpenHTOBaHHe B 06naCTH 3nH pocno 60nee BhlCOKHMH TeMnaMH lfeM KonHlfeCTBO nepCOHana nepCOHan cneUHanH3HpyIOmHHc~ B 06naCTH 3nH BhlpOC Ha 86 B 1986-1996 tPHHaHcoBhlX rr B TO BpeM~ KaK KpenHTOBaHHe Bhlpocno Ha 272 B nocnenHee BpeM~ cpenHeronoBoH TeMn pOCTa nepcoHana B 6 nponon)Kan OTCTaBaTh OT 13shyoro e)KerOnHOro pOCTa OObeMOB KpenHToBaHH~
npennonaraeTc~ lfTO HOBa~ CTpyKTypa np0tPeCCHOHanhHhlX 06benHHeHHH cneUHanHCTOB naHKa oyneT cnOCOOCTBOBaTh ynylllleHHIO
3tPtPeKTHBHOCTH pa60Thi nepCOHana Bonpoc KanpOBOH 06ecnelfeHHOCTH neTIenhHOCTH l3aHKa B ctPepe 3nH ~Bn~eTC~ onHOH H3 nepBOOlfcpenHhlX
3anal
B 3aBcpllleHHH cnenYCT OTMeTHTh He06xonHMOCTh nanhHeHlllero H3yleHH~ DBYX nonxonOB anpooHpyeMhlx B HaCTo~mee BpeM~ B uen~x yCTaHoBneHH~ 60nee TeCHoro cOTpynHHlfecTBa Me)Kny nepcOHanOM l3aHKa H CTpaHaMH-KnHeHTaMH OnHH nonxon OCHOBhIBaeTC~ Ha onhlTe pa60Thi nOCTO~HHOH
MHCCHH B HHnHH H COCTOHT B TOM ITO B CTpaHe C03naeTC~ rpynna H3 MeCTHhlX cneUHanHCTOB a pYKOBonHTh ee paOOTOH Ha3HalfaeTC~ 6aHKOBCKHH COTPYnHHK CTaplllero 3BeHa llpyroH nonxon COCTOHT B KoopnHHaUHH pa60Thi nepCOHana HeCKonhKHX nOCTO~HHhIX MHCCHH lfepe3 perHOHanhHhlH lllTa6 l3aHKa npHMepOM TaKoro nonxona MO)KeT cnY)KHTh rpynna pa3BHTH~
COUHaIlhHhlX pecypcoB B nOCTO~HHOH MHCCHH B l3ynanelllTe B Tex cnylfa~x Korna np~MOH
KOHTaKT Me)Kny pa60THHKaMH lllTa6-KBapTHphl naHKa MHCCH~MH H KnHeHTaMH HeB03MO)KeH ynYlfllleHHhle cpenCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHOHHOH CB~3H HrpaIOT Ba)KHYIO ponh
YTO )Ke KacaeTC~ MepOnpHTIHH no 06YlfeHHIO rpynna 3nH nOMO)KeT yB~3aTh
nporpaMMhl nOBhlllleHH~ KBanHtPHKaUHH COTPYnHHKOB naHKa C ynoM~HyThlMH TpeM~
CTpaTerHlfeCKHMH HanpaBneHH~MH YlfeOHhle nporpaMMhl 6ynyT paCClfHTaHhl Ha YlfaCTHe He TonhKO cOTpynHHKoB l3aHKa HO H Ha npenCTaBHTeneH CTpaH-KnHeHTOB TaK)Ke nnaHHpyeTc~ paClllHpHTh YlfaCTHe B 3THX nporpaMMax COTPYnHHKOB nOCTO~HHhIX
npenCTaBHTenhCTB l3aHKa H3 pa3nHlfHhiX CTpaH H cneUHanHCTOB H3 npyrHx ceKTopOB
YKpenneHHe napTHepCTBa
un~ peanH3aUHH 3analf pa3BHTH~ 21 BeKa l3aHK Hy)KnaeTC~ B YKpenneHHH napTHepcTB co CBOHMH KllHeHTaMH rpa)KnaHCKHM oomecTBoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHhlMH cTopoHaMH H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH TaK HanpHMep 3a nocnenHHe DBa rona OhIn nOCTHrHYT 60nhillOH nporpecc B pa3rpaHHlfeHHH neTIenhHOCTH Me)Kny naHKoM H
32
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
EaHKOM KOHTpOJl~ H oueHKH HX peaJlH3aUHH H
(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
EyneT YKpenJleHO cOTpynHH-IecTBo EaHKa
C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
6yneT npOnOJlJKaTb OKa3bIBaTb nOnnepJKKY
HenaBHO C03naHHOMY MeJKnYHaponHOMY IgtOPYMY
no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
CneUHaJlbHblX rpaHTOB ltlgtOPYM cnoc06cTByeT
cocpenOTO-leHHIO HCCJlenOBaTeJlbCKHX pecypcoB Ha
npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
pacnpOCTpaHeHH~ MHKp060B cnoc06HblX
npOTHBOCTORTb BaKUHHaM BO-BTOPbIX 6yneT
noompRTbCJI npOllOJlJKeHHe IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ H3
cpenCTB rpaHTOB npHopHTeTHblX MeJKnYHaponHbIX
HHHUHaTHB yJly-llllalOlUHX 06MeH onblTOM B
06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
COTPYnHH-IaTb C lgtapMaueBTH-IeCKOH BaKUHHHOH H
6HOTeXHOJlOrH-IeCKOH npOMbIlllJleHHOCTblO no
YKpenJleHHIO HCCJlenOBaHHH H nOJlY-leHHIO
nponYKTOB He06xollHMblX nnR 6enHoro HaCeJleHH5I
B CTpaHax C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona KaK- TO
HOBble JleKapCTBa OT MaJl5lpHH
npoTHBoTy6epKYJle3Hble BaKUHHbl 60Jlee
COBepllleHHble MeTonbl nHarHOCTHKH
BeHepH-IeCKHX 3a60JleBaHHH EaHK 6yneT TaKJKe
HCKaTb nyTH paClllHpeHH~ CBoeH nOnnepJKKH
MeJKnYHaponHOH HHHUHaTHBbl no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla nporpaMMbl OOH no 60Pb6e
CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla
TaKJKe 6ynYT npennpHH~bl naJlbHeHlllHe
yCHJlH~ no paClllHpeHHIO napTHepCTBa EaHKa C
npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no 60Pb6e C 60Jle3HblO
pe-lHOH CJlenOTbl H B ueJl~X OKa3aHH~ nOnnepJKKH
npyrHM MeJKnYHaponHblM HHHUHaTHBaM B clgtepe
3nH nOTeHUHaJlbHO HMelOlUHM 3Ha-lHTeJlbHblH
BHelllHHH 31gt1gteKT B03MOJKHblMH HanpaBJleHH~MH
COTPYnHH-IeCTBa ~BJl~IOTC~ nOnnepJKKa CTpaH
AIgtPHKH B HX 60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH MaJl~PHH
pa60Ta C B03 H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no
60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH Ty6epKYJle3a H
nponaraHnHpOBaHHe HHTerpHpOBaHHoro nonxona K
Jle-leHHIO 3a60JleBaHHH neTCKoro B03paCTa
OT Bu~eHUB npooneM K ~eHCTBUIO
PeaJlH3aUHR CTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH
6yneT TeCHO CBR3aHa C HOBblM CTpaTerH-IeCKHM
corJlallleHHeM no opraHH3aUHOHHOMY pa3BHTHlO
EaHKa Ha OCHOBe nOCTaBJleHHblX 3ana-l H 06lUero
nJlaHa neHCTBHH OTpaCJleBOH COBeT pa3pa60TaeT B
COTPYnHH-IeCTBe C perHOHaJlbHblMH
nenapTaMeHTaMH CTpaTerH-IeCKYIO MaTpHUY
(npHJlOJKeHHe F) H nepe-lHH nOKa3aTeJleH
pe3YJlbTaTOB no KOTOPblM 6yneT oueHHBaTbC~
ne~eJlbHOCTb EaHKa npH nonrOTOBKe OTpaCJleBOH
cTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH Ha CJlenYlOlUHH nepHon
nOcpenCTBOM TaKHX Mep 6yneT paClllHpeH
BKJlan EaHKa B MeJKnYHaponHble yCHJlH~ no
YKpenJleHHIO COUHaJlbHOrO pa3BHTHR B nepBoe
neC~HJleTHe 21-ro BeKa EaHK HaMepeH H B
naJlbHeHllleM HHlgtopMHpoBaTb MHpOBylO
06lUeCTBeHHOCTb no BOnpocaM KacaIOIUHXC~
nOJlHTHKH B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ OKa3bIBaR
CBoe BJlH~HHe Ha HanpaBJleHHe MeJKnYHapOnHblX
ne6aTOB 0 pa3BHTHH MHPOBblX CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHH5I H yKpenJl~51 naPTHepCTBO H
cOTpynHH-IecTBO CO CBOHMH KJlHeHTaMH H npyrHMH
opraHH3aUH~MH
33
BceMHpHOH OpraHH3aUHeH 3npaBOOXpaHeHH~ KaJKna~ H3 nHX OpraHH3aUHH 6yneT 3aHHMaTbC~
TeMH BOnpOCaMH r ne OHa HMeeT CpaBHHTeJlbHOe
npeHMYlUeCTBO EblJlH npHJlOJKeHbl BCe yCHJlH~
nJl~ OnTHMH3aUHH COTpynHHlleCTBa 3THX nsyX
OpraHH3aUHH -ITO HeCOMHeHHO nOCJlYJKHT
HHTepeCaM CTpaH-KJlHeHTOB EOJlblllOe
paCnpOCTpaHeHHe nOJlY-IHJlH nBe OCHOBHble 1gt0PMbl
COTpynHH-IeCTBa (a) cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Ha ypOBHe
CTpaHbl Korna M06HJlH3yeTc~
CneUHaJlH3HpOBaHHblH onblT B03 nJl~ yJly-lllleHH~
COnepJKaHH~ npoeKTOB nOnnepJKHBaeMblX
EaHKOM KOHTpOJl~ H oueHKH HX peaJlH3aUHH H
(6) rn06aJlbHOe cOTpynHH-IeCTBO Korna B03 H
EaHK 06nenHH~IOT yCHJlH~ no nOCTHJKeHHIO
MeJKnYHaponHoro KOHceHcyca B Bonpocax 3nH
non06Hble yCHJlH~ 6blJIH npennpHH~bl B
OTHOllleHHH nporpaMMbl OOH no CnHLly
ltlgtLlHOOH IOHHCEltlgt H npyrHx opraHH3auHH
EyneT YKpenJleHO cOTpynHH-IecTBo EaHKa
C npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH B 06JlaCTH
MeJKnYHaponHblx HCCJlenOBaHHH Bo-nepBblx EaHK
6yneT npOnOJlJKaTb OKa3bIBaTb nOnnepJKKY
HenaBHO C03naHHOMY MeJKnYHaponHOMY IgtOPYMY
no HCCJlenOBaHHRM B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHHR
HCnOJlb3y~ Ha 3TH ueJlH CpenCTBa nporpaMMbl
CneUHaJlbHblX rpaHTOB ltlgtOPYM cnoc06cTByeT
cocpenOTO-leHHIO HCCJlenOBaTeJlbCKHX pecypcoB Ha
npHopHTeTHblX HanpaBJleHH~X BKJlIO-Ia~
npOBeneHHe HCCJlenOBaHHH H aHaJlH30B B 06JlaCTH
nOJlHTHKH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ HH3K03aTpaTHoro
Jle-leHHR He3apa3HblX 3a60JleBaHHH H 3aMenneHH~
pacnpOCTpaHeHH~ MHKp060B cnoc06HblX
npOTHBOCTORTb BaKUHHaM BO-BTOPbIX 6yneT
noompRTbCJI npOllOJlJKeHHe IgtHHaHCHpOBaHH~ H3
cpenCTB rpaHTOB npHopHTeTHblX MeJKnYHaponHbIX
HHHUHaTHB yJly-llllalOlUHX 06MeH onblTOM B
06JlaCTH nHTaHH~ H penponYKTHBHoro 3ll0POBbR
B-TpeTbHX B napTHepCTBe C ltlgt0PYMOM EaHK 6yneT
COTPYnHH-IaTb C lgtapMaueBTH-IeCKOH BaKUHHHOH H
6HOTeXHOJlOrH-IeCKOH npOMbIlllJleHHOCTblO no
YKpenJleHHIO HCCJlenOBaHHH H nOJlY-leHHIO
nponYKTOB He06xollHMblX nnR 6enHoro HaCeJleHH5I
B CTpaHax C HH3KHM ypOBHeM noxona KaK- TO
HOBble JleKapCTBa OT MaJl5lpHH
npoTHBoTy6epKYJle3Hble BaKUHHbl 60Jlee
COBepllleHHble MeTonbl nHarHOCTHKH
BeHepH-IeCKHX 3a60JleBaHHH EaHK 6yneT TaKJKe
HCKaTb nyTH paClllHpeHH~ CBoeH nOnnepJKKH
MeJKnYHaponHOH HHHUHaTHBbl no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla nporpaMMbl OOH no 60Pb6e
CO CnHLloM H -IaCTHOrO ceKTopa no pa3pa60TKe
BaKUHHbl OT CnHLla
TaKJKe 6ynYT npennpHH~bl naJlbHeHlllHe
yCHJlH~ no paClllHpeHHIO napTHepCTBa EaHKa C
npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no 60Pb6e C 60Jle3HblO
pe-lHOH CJlenOTbl H B ueJl~X OKa3aHH~ nOnnepJKKH
npyrHM MeJKnYHaponHblM HHHUHaTHBaM B clgtepe
3nH nOTeHUHaJlbHO HMelOlUHM 3Ha-lHTeJlbHblH
BHelllHHH 31gt1gteKT B03MOJKHblMH HanpaBJleHH~MH
COTPYnHH-IeCTBa ~BJl~IOTC~ nOnnepJKKa CTpaH
AIgtPHKH B HX 60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH MaJl~PHH
pa60Ta C B03 H npyrHMH opraHH3aUH~MH no
60Pb6e C 3nHneMH~MH Ty6epKYJle3a H
nponaraHnHpOBaHHe HHTerpHpOBaHHoro nonxona K
Jle-leHHIO 3a60JleBaHHH neTCKoro B03paCTa
OT Bu~eHUB npooneM K ~eHCTBUIO
PeaJlH3aUHR CTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH
6yneT TeCHO CBR3aHa C HOBblM CTpaTerH-IeCKHM
corJlallleHHeM no opraHH3aUHOHHOMY pa3BHTHlO
EaHKa Ha OCHOBe nOCTaBJleHHblX 3ana-l H 06lUero
nJlaHa neHCTBHH OTpaCJleBOH COBeT pa3pa60TaeT B
COTPYnHH-IeCTBe C perHOHaJlbHblMH
nenapTaMeHTaMH CTpaTerH-IeCKYIO MaTpHUY
(npHJlOJKeHHe F) H nepe-lHH nOKa3aTeJleH
pe3YJlbTaTOB no KOTOPblM 6yneT oueHHBaTbC~
ne~eJlbHOCTb EaHKa npH nonrOTOBKe OTpaCJleBOH
cTpaTerHH B clgtepe 3nH Ha CJlenYlOlUHH nepHon
nOcpenCTBOM TaKHX Mep 6yneT paClllHpeH
BKJlan EaHKa B MeJKnYHaponHble yCHJlH~ no
YKpenJleHHIO COUHaJlbHOrO pa3BHTHR B nepBoe
neC~HJleTHe 21-ro BeKa EaHK HaMepeH H B
naJlbHeHllleM HHlgtopMHpoBaTb MHpOBylO
06lUeCTBeHHOCTb no BOnpocaM KacaIOIUHXC~
nOJlHTHKH B 06JlaCTH 3npaBooxpaHeHH~ OKa3bIBaR
CBoe BJlH~HHe Ha HanpaBJleHHe MeJKnYHapOnHblX
ne6aTOB 0 pa3BHTHH MHPOBblX CHCTeM
3npaBooxpaHeHH5I H yKpenJl~51 naPTHepCTBO H
cOTpynHH-IecTBO CO CBOHMH KJlHeHTaMH H npyrHMH
opraHH3aUH~MH
33