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sljtfsf] syf Ml;lNeof, ;fFem / ;d'Gb|

sljtf MhLjg ;ª\3if{sf] Pp6f df]rf{

ha s'g} / fd|f] sljtf k9\5' d, Pp6f k|Zg dgdf p7\5– cf]xf] of] sljtf s'g kl/ l:yltdf n]Vof] xf]nf sljn] < sljtf n]Vg] cf–cfkm\g} leGg z}nL xf]nfg\, d eg] sljtfnfO{ zAbn] a'g]sf] Ps tl:a/ jf lrq eGg ?rfpF5' . cfkm\gf] s'g} klg sljtf k9\bf d k'U5' Ps ctLtdf, hxfF b]lvG5g\ ;Fu} lxl8/ x]sf dflg;, ;do, ldlt / b[Zo . tL ;a} ;Fu;Fu} hf]l8P/ cfOk'U5g\ sljtfsf x/ km–x/ kmdf .

cfh ha s'g} sljtfsf] s'/ f ub{}5'– dnfO{ kms{g'k5{ bzseGbf cufl8sf] Ps ;'Gb/ ctLtsf] k|b]zdf Û

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…ljn o' lue dL c lukm\6 lKnh <Ú ;d'›sf] lr;f] :ofF7n] ysf{pg yfn]kl5 d #)–$) hgf c6\g] km]/ Lsf] 5taf6 cf]n]{sf] lyPF, hxfF xfd|f] ;d"xn] s]xLa]/ cl3 tl:a/ x? lvr]sf] lyof] lkpFbf–lkpFb}sf] skmL 6]a'ndf / fv]/ . 6\jfF kg{] kfnf] lyof] d]/ f] . …dfuL–dfuL pkxf/ < d}n] lbg ;Sg] rLh eP x'G5 lg .Ú d}n] eg]+ .

o" k|f]ld; km:6{Ú p;n] hf]8 lbO{ . pm lu6f/ 6'ª6'ª ahfpFb} c+u|]hL uLt ;'gfpFyL . slxn]sfxL+ 7"nf] :j/ n] xfF:g] / 76\6f ug{] afgL eP klg d"ntM pm Ps efj's o'jtL lyO{ h;nfO{ sljtf dg kYof]{, ;+uLt dg kYof]{ / ;a}eGbf 7"nf] s'/ f pm;Fusf] ldqtfdf lgi7f, ljZjf; / xflb{stf x'g] ub{Yof] . ;DaGwsf af/ ]df log} s'/ fx?sf] ck]Iff eO/ xG5 dnfO{ . d}n] jfrf ug{ s/ nfUof], u/ ]+ . …O6 ljn aL c e]/ L lk|l;o; lukm\6 ckm dfO{ nfOkmÚ p;n] egL / Ps}l5gd} ;d"xnfO{ g} 3f]if0ff u/ L …of] ;fFem, of] ;d'› / of] If0fnfO{ ;d]6]/ / d]zn] Ps ;'Gb/ sljtf n]Vg]5g\ .Ú

;a} ;fyLx?n] xfF;]/ xf]xNnf ub{} ;dy{g u/ ] . skmL lkpFb} em\ofn aflx/ sf] cgGt ;fu/ nfO{ d}n] x]l/ / x]+– gLnf] km}nfj6, ;fFemsf] sdnf] 3fd, 6f9fb]lv cfpFb} u/ ]sf kfgL hxfhx? . xfdL labfOsf] ;+3f/ df lyof}+ . ;Fu} / xgnfO{

s]xL ;dodfq lyof] . clxn] ;Demgfsf] PNad kN6fpFb} k'/ fgf lbgx? / Tof] ;donfO{ ;lDemG5'– / …3/ kmls{/ x]sf] dflg;Úleqsf] Tof] sljtf k9\bf Ps lk|o tl:a/ d]/ f] cfFvf cl3 gflr/ xG5 . lutf/ sf] 6'ª6'ª / ;d'›sf] lsgf/ df lxl8/ x]sf] Ps hf]8L 5fof klg rnfodfg eO/ xG5 .

)))

;g\ @))% df d hfkfg uPF o'g]:sf]sf] lgdGq0ffdf . ;Gbe{ lyof], …;f+:s[lts

;Dkbfsf] ;+/ If0f .Ú o;kN6sf] e|d0f clns km/ s lyof] . ofofj/ em}+ ;x/ / ;f+:s[lts If]q 3'Db} lx8\g] lbgrof{ lyof] . cf];fsf, gf/ f, Sof]6f]nufotsf ;x/ x?df af; abNb} lx8\g'kg{] sfo{qmd ePsf]n] a;fOF klg 7]ufgsf] lyPg . o;kN6sf] yk ljz]iftf s] lyof] eg] xfd|f] ;d"xdf ef/ tLo clws[t ct'n ef/ åfh klg ;Fu} lyof] . sd;]sd– af]Ng / xfd|} ;Gbe{df s'/ f ug{ ;xh lyof] . h'g]nL / ftdf rf}8f / ;'g;fg ;8sdf a;leq d]/ f] cfu|xdf dL7f] :j/ df ufpFYof] pm– …xd tf] x} k/ b]zd], b]zd] lgsnf xf]uf rfFb . ckgL / ftsL 5nk/ lstgf tGxf xf]uf rfFbÚ a;\ aflx/ 7f8f] plSn/ x]sf] emndNn rG›df x]b{} sNkgfdf d– cGt} sxL+ k'lu/ x]sf] x'Gy]+ . To;a]nf pm kLPr8Lsf] :sf]n/ lyO{ 6f]lsof]sf] Ps ljZjljBfnodf / hfkfgsf] PgPrs] 6]lnlehgdf 6s zf] rnfpFyL .

Ps ;fFem kmf]g u/ ]+ / eg] …d clxn] gf/ f eGg] ;x/ df 5' .Ú

…ltdLn] sljtf n]Vof} / <Ú p;sf] klxnf] k|Zg lyof] . pm sljtfaf/ ]

;f]lw/ x]sL lyO{ zLif{s s] xf], cg'jfb 5 ls 5}g / < dfgf}+ sljtf p;sf] cleGg ;fyL bf}t/ L xf];\ h;sf af/ ] d kl/ lrt 5' .

…d}n] t ltdLnfO{ e]6\g} k5{ Û …kv x} d Sofn]G8/ x]5{' .Ú

Tof] sljtf ;'gfpg ;d"x lyPg, pm Pshgf dfq lyO{ Jo:t ;x/ 6f]lsof]df . h:tf] ls

dflg;nfO{ cfkm\gf] v'zLsf] nflu ;do x'Fb}g k|foM To:t} eof] sl/ a tLg xKtfsf] ;do hfkfgdf latfP/ p;nfO{ ge]6L d kms{]+ . hlt sf]l;; u/ ] klg d]/ f] 3'dGt] ofqf / p;sf] Jo:ttfn] xfdLn] ;do Joj:yfkg ug{ ;s]gf}+ . Tof] b[ZonfO{ s}b u/ ]/ n]v]sf] sljtf d;Fu lyof], d;Fu} kmls{of] . clGtd lbg cf];fsf Po/ kf]6{af6 dWo/ ftdf kmls{bf s'g} b[Zo lyPgg\ cfFvfcl3 . rsdGg / ftdf Po/ kf]6{lt/ x'OFlsb} d}n] ;f]lr/ x]+– dflg; hLjgdf cfpF5g\ / lbP/ hfG5g\– ;'v, b'Mv, ;Demgf jf ;w}+ cd/ x'g / x/ ug{] sljtf .

)))

…3/ kmls{/ x]sf] dflg;Ú k|sfzgk"j{ kf08'lnlk k9\g s]xL sljnfO{ lbPsf] lyPF– ltgLx?dWo] Ps lyP a'l4;fu/ . s'g} zlgaf/ 5flkPsf] lyof] Tof] sljtf pgL sfd ug{] Ps / fli6«o b}lgsdf . To;a]nf d / f]Nkfdf lyPF . / fd|f] k|ltlqmof k|fKt eof] . w]/ }nfO{ nfUof] d 5' b'u{ddf, sxfF Tof] ;d'›sf] sljtf Û t/ w]/ } sljtfsf] ;fIfL d cfkm}+ x'F . d]/ f] hLjg Ps PNad xf] eg] tl:a/ d]/ f sljtf . sNkgfdf eGbf d]/ f] x[bo 5f]P/ jf xNnfP/ hfg] dflg;, 36gf jf b[Zon] sljtfsf] k|f?k lbG5g\ dnfO{ . slxn]sfxL+ t jiff}{+;Dd ctLtsf] b[Zo / laDa cgfof; cfOlbG5g\ sljtfdf .

;+;f/ sf] s'gf–s'gfdf cfkm\gf ;'v b'Mv;Fu} v]Nb} lxl8/ x]sf xf]nfg\ tL dflg;x?, h;n] Tof] sljtf n]vfP . sxfF xf]nL pm, s] p;}u/ L cfFvfx? rlDsnf agfP/ xfFl;/ xG5] xf]nL jf 6'ª6'ª lutf/ ahfP/ ;'gfpF5] xf]nL k'/ fgf uLtx? Û ;fIfL 5, k|Zgx? 5g\, 5 sljtf …;fFemdf ;d'›Ú / ;d'›sf] lsgf/ df st} lxl8/ x]sf] 5fof 5 l;lNeofsf] Û

;fFemdf ;d'›

lbgel/ lxF8]sf] ylst ;"o{;fFemkv 9Ns]sf] 5 6fpsf]dfq} lgsfn]/ kfgLsf] afy6adf/ +luPsf] 5 ;d'›sf] kfgL p;n] kvfn]sf] / ftf] / ªn]

hxfhsf] dflyNnf] efudf a;]/ cfFvfn] lkpFb}5g\ sf]xL ;d'›sf] dfbs ;f}Gbo{pl7/ x]5g\ l5g–l5gdf nx/ x? ;d'›sf] lsgf/ df/ x[bodf p;}u/ L

lsgf/ sf] afn'jfdf kN6]sf 5g\ zfGt d'›fdf dflg;x? / x]l/ / x]5g\cfsfzsf] P]gfdf ;d'›sf] uDeL/ cg'xf/ Ps5]pdf u'gu'g–u'gu'g s'/ f ub{}/ f]O/ x]5 ef]ln 6f9f x'g] k|]dLx?sf] Ps hf]8L

oL ;a b[Zox?af6 cgle1 Ps o'jtL ahfO/ lx5 lutf/ df Ps k'/ fgf] w'g

/ e"kl/ j]li7t b]zsf] Pshgf ljb]zL sljdUg eP/ Ps6sx]l/ / x]5 ;d'›df– ;d'›df kfgLsf] kxf8 Û

qq

k|df]b lwtfn

olb sljtfleq ;RrfO{ d'vl/ t ePsf] 5}g eg] Tof] ;'Gb/ sljtf x'g ;Sb}g . cGtj{:t'nfO{ pk]Iff u/ ]/ 5'§} ;'Gb/ sljtfsf] vf]hL ug'{ sfuhsf] km"ndf ;'uGwsf] vf]hL ug'{h:t} xf] . km]l/ ;RrfO{ klg ;fk]If g} x'G5 . ;a}sf] lglDt Pp6} s'/ f ;RrfO{ x'g ;Sb}g . sljtf cln ljlzi6 ljwf xf] . of] syf–cfVofg ljwfh:tf] km/ flsnf] x'Fb}g . To;}n] clxn] eGg] ul/ Ph:tf] oltv]/ cfVofgsf] ahf/ 5 of sljtfsf] 5}g eGg]h:tf s'/ fsf] kl5 nfUg'kg]{ h?/ L lsg 5}g eg] oL b'j} ljwf cf–cfkm\gf] 7fpFdf ;j{sflns ljwf x'g\ . b'j} nf]slk|o 5g\ . hxfF;Dd ahf/ sf] s'/ f 5, sd;nnfO{ pDbf / pDbfnfO{ sd;n agfP/ k]; ug]{ klg ahf/ n] g} xf] . ahf/ n] clwstd :yflkt ug]{ eg]sf] df; sNr/ nfO{ xf] . df; sNr/ sf] cy{ hglxtsf/ L ;+:s[lt geP/ em'08 ;+:s[lt xf] . o:tf] ;+:s[lt hf] lxt clxtsf] cfwf/ df xf]Og ;:tf] nf]slk|otfsf] cfwf/ df :yflkt x'G5 . lasfp ;flxTos} s'/ f ug]{ xf] eg] s'g} a]nf ;'jf; l3l;ªn] n]v]sf] …lgnf] rf]nLÚ v'a} lasfp lyof] . To;sf] nf]slk|otfnfO{ s] eGg] < clxn] To;sf] cl:tTj sxfFg]/ 5 < To;s} gofF ;+:s/ 0fsf] ?kdf / fh]Gb| yfkfsf] …v]nf}gfÚ cfof] . s]xL ;do To;n] klg ahf/ ttfof] . v} To;n] ;flxlTos / dfgjLo d"Nodf lbPsf] gofF of]ubfg s] xf] < t;y{ Ifl0fs lasfpsf cfwf/ df s'g} klg ;flxlTos s[lt d"Nojfg\ x'g ;Sb}gg\ .

km]l/ klg oxfF rrf{ ug{ vf]lhPsf] ljwf sljtfs} u/ f}+ . cfh sljtf klg sd n]lvPsf] 5}g . Ps t of] yf]/ } zAbdf w]/ } cy{ lbg'kg]{ ljwf xf] . cln ljlzi6 k|s[ltsf] ljwf . To;df klg w]/ }n] nx8afhLs} e/ df o;sf] d"NoeGbf w]/ } sd cfFs]/ klg n]Vg] u/ ]sfn] ;d:of ;[hgf ePsf] xf] . sljtfdfly csljtf xfjL x'g yfn]kl5 ;d:of t cfpF5 g} . slDtdf sljtf n]Vg]x?n] cf};t :t/ eGbf tnsf sljtfx? g5fKg] s'/ fn] dfq klg sljtf n]vgdf w]/ } ;'wf/ x'g;S5 . t/ sljtf l;4fGtsf] af/ ]df cfwf/ e"t a'emfO{ jf ;fdfGo kl/ isf/ sf] cefjd} ;ª\Uf|xx? cfpg yfN5g\ . o;n] ubf{ cfd kf7sx?df sljtf eg]s} o:t} x'g\ eGg] e|d klg l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . t;y{ oltv]/ klg sljtf lj/ f]wLx? eGbf sljx? g} c;n sljtfsf a]}/ L ;flat ePsf 5g\ . k+lQm 5f]6\ofP/ sljtfsf] ?k lbg vf]Hb}df sljtf x'g] xf]Og . sljtfsf] lglDt d"ntM b'O{ s'/ fsf] clgjfo{ cfjZostf k5{ . Tof] eg]sf] Pp6f ljwfr]tgf . cyf{t\ sljtf aGgnfO{ cfwf/ e"t eflifs pks/ 0fx? / ltgsf] ;+of]hg . h'g lzNk kIfleq cfpg] s'/ f xf] . Tof] lg/ Gt/ ;fwgf / of]hgfa4 k|of;af6 ljsf; x'G5 . csf]{ xf] sYo jf cGtj{:t' . sljtfn] lbg vf]h]sf] jf eGg vf]h]sf] s'/ f . h'g sljsf] hLjg hutk|ltsf] a'emfO{, cWoog / lg/L If0f;Fu ;DalGwt s'/ f xf] .

cGtj{:t'sf] s'/ f ubf{ jt{dfgdf hLjgzLn / d/ 0fzLn, ;'Gb/ / s'?k b'j} kIfx?sf] pkl:ylt / ;+3if{ rln/ x]sf] x'G5 . s;nfO{ s;/ L k|:t't ug]{ eGg] s'/ f lg/ k]If x'g ;Sb}g . g t ;'Gb/ tfsf] kl/ efiff g} lg/ k]If x'G5 . h:tf] ls jt{dfgsf s'?ktfx?, lg/ f;fhgs jf lj/ f]wfefifk"0f{ s'/ fx? sljtfdf lrq0f x'g' lg/ f; x'g' jf agfpg' xf]Og . ;jfn To;nfO{ s;/ L k|:t't ug]{ eGg] xf] . ;dfh ?kfGt/ 0fdf dfgjr]tgfsf] ;r]tg k|oTgdf ljZjf; ug]{ cyf{t\ Tof] bz{gnfO{ c+ufNg] sljn] To;k|lt 3[0ff, ;+3if{, k|lt/ f]w ug{ k|]l/ t u5{ eg] csf]{ sljn] ToxL s'/ fnfO{ efUojfbL eP/ k]z ug{ ;S5 . ctM sljtf;Fu sljsf] b[li6sf]0f klg clgjfo{ hf]l8P/ cfpF5 . cGtj{:t'sf] rog / k|:t'lt p;sf] hLjg / hutk|ltsf] b[li6sf]0f;Fu hf]l8P/ cfpF5g\ . cGtj{:t'nfO{ pk]Iff ul/ Psf]

sljtfdf laDax?sf] h'n'; x'g;S5, Tof] nf]enfUbf] cfsif{s klg b]lvg;S5 . t/ , d]?b08lagfsf] df;'sf] y'k|f]h:t} x'G5 . o;sf] cy{ sljtf ljrf/ sf] ;f]emf] k|If]k0f jf ;kf6 j0f{g klg xf]Og . b[li6sf]0f :ki6 x'Fbfx'Fb} klg cGtj{:t'nfO{ sljtfdf 9fNgsf] nflu ;fwgfsf] cfjZostf kb{5 .

d]/ } klg nfdf] ;dob]lvsf] a'emfO{ s] lyof] eg] ;flxTo s'g} km';{bsf] ;dosf] pkh xf] . :jtM:km"t{ ?kdf h] km'b{5 ToxL ;flxTo xf] . clxn] cfP/ dx;'; x'Fb}5, ;flxTo n]vghlQsf] lhDd]jf/ d'2f ;fob csf]{ 5}g . sljtfsf] xsdf klg ToxL s'/ f nfu" x'G5 . lsgls s}og\ o:tf ;jfnx? 5g\ h;df xfdL ;xefuL eO/ xFbf w]/ } dflg;x?nfO{ Wofg lbg'kb}{g . cfkm\gf] dfq ?lr, v'zL, ;Gt'li6 / jt{dfgnfO{ dfq Wofg lbP k'U5 . t/ n]vgsf] ;jfndf t ljutb]lv jt{dfg clg eljionfO{ klg Wofg lbg' kbf]{/ x]5 . Toltdfq xf]Og Pp6f 7"nf] hdft, hf] xfd|f] kf7s xf] To;;Fu klg ;'Id ;Djfb ug'{ kbf]{/ x]5 . Pp6f c;n slj / c;n sljtfsf] aLrdf w]/ } 7"nf] ;DaGw x'g] u5{ . tkfO{+sf] ljrf/ ;'Gb/ / ;kmf geOsg} ;'Gb/ sljtf n]Vg ;Sg'x'G5, of] ljZjf; ug{ ufx|f] s'/ f xf] . Toltdfq xf]Og tkfO{+sf] ljrf/ ;'Gb/ / ;kmf 5, To;}n] ;'Gb/ sljtf n]Vg ;Sg'x'G5 of] klg xf]Og . oL b'a} ;DalGwt s'/ f t clgjfo{ x'g\, t/ km/ s s'/ f klg 5g\ . ;'Gb/ / Gofok"0f{ ljrf/ sljdf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg sljtfsf] df]rf{df / fd|f];Fu pm le8]sf] gx'g ;S5 . ha xfdL sljtfsf] df]rf{df / fd|f];Fu le8\b}gf}+, xfd|f] sljtfdf ;'Gb/ ljrf/ x'Fbfx'Fb} klg Tof] snfTdstfsf] lx;fan] sdhf]/ x'g' :jefljs 5 . To;}u/ L xfdL;Fu sljtf n]Vg] 9ª\u / fd|f] x'g;S5 t/ ljrf/ kIf sdhf]/ x'g;S5 Toltv]/ klg sljtf sdhf]/ x'g' :jfefljs g} 5 . oL b'O{ sdLx?nfO{ k"/ f u/ ]/ Pp6f hLljt sljtf hGdfpgsf] nflu Pp6f slj b'a} df]rf{x?df le8]/ ;kmn x'g' clgjfo{ ;t{ xf] . ljrf/ clg snf b'a} If]qdf c;kmn sljtfx? sljtfsf ;a}eGbf 7"nf b'Zdg x'g\ eGbf klg x'G5 .

cfh klg sljtfsf] d"No ahf/ eGbf w]/ } dfly 5 . tdfd vfnsf oyfl:yltjfbL em"7, kfv08 / hglj/ f]wL / j}ofx?sf] lj?4df pleg] Pp6f k|lt/ f]wsf] xltof/ xf] sljtf . h'g sljtfx? ;kmn 5g\ tL sljtfx? s'g} ;dodf slt las] eGg] cfwf/ df xf]Og u'0fjQfsf] cfwf/ df pTs[i6 7xl/ Psf 5g\ . clxn]sf] dfkb08 klg ToxL xf] / x'g'k5{ . d'gfdbgsf] dxTj lxhf] hlt lyof] cfh klg TolQs} 5 . uf]kfnk|;fb l/ dfnsf] …cfdfsf] ;kgfÚ, e"lk ;]/ rgsf] …3'Dg] d]rdflysf] cGwf] dfG5]Úsf] ;fy{stf clxn] klg TolQs} 5 . ljdn lgefsf] …cfuf]g]/ plePsf] dflg;Ú, …afx'nf gePsf] a';6{Ú cfx'ltsf] …tkZjLsf uLtx?Ú, s[i0f ;]g …OR5'sÚsf] …zf]sf~hnLÚ, …Oltxf;sf] o; 38LdfÚ, …aGbL / rGb|flul/ Ú, cd/ lu/ Lsf …3fd 5]Sg] kxf8Ú, …b'M;fWo ;doÚ, o1axfb'/ 8fFuLsf] …ltd|f] xTofkl5Ú, Zofdnsf] …xtf/ df ofqfÚ To;}u/ L gofF k':tfsf sljx? s]zj l;njfnsf] …wfl/ nf dflg;x?Ú, …jlh{t cjz]ifÚ, ;l/ tf ltjf/ Lsf] …cl:tTjsf] 3f]if0ffkqÚ, ;+uLt;|f]tfsf] …d sf7df8f}+ cfOk'u]+, ljgf]bljqmd s];Lsf] …ef]ssf] If]qkmnÚ nufotsf c? klg w]/ } / fd|f sljtfs[ltx? k9\g h?/ L 5 / ltgdf lglxt sYo / lzNksf] cWoog ug'{k5{ . To;/ L dfq xfdL o; If]qdf cufl8 a9\g rfxg]x?n] cfkm\gf] n]vgnfO{ kl/ dfh{g ug{ / cfkm\gf] z}nL lgdf{0f ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 . w]/ } ;kmn n]vsx?sf] Pp6f cg'ej s]] / x]sf] 5 eg] pgLx? hlt n]Vg] u5{g\, Tof] eGbf a9L k9\g] u5{g\ t/ xfdLsxfF n]Vg]x?d} cWoogsf] 7"nf] v8]/ L 5 . cWooglagf g} n]vgnfO{ kl/ dfh{g ug{ / pTs[i6 ;[hgf hlGdg ;Dej 5}g . k|sfzgk"j{ sljtfx?dflysf lgoldt ;dLIff / 5nkmnx? ug]{, o;sf sYo / lzNk ljifox?df g} ljdz{x? ;~rfng ug]{ s'/ fn] sljtf n]vgnfO{ kl/ dfh{g ug{ w]/ } ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 . o:tf ljifox?df gofF ;h{sx? hlt uDeL/ x'g ;S5g\, sljtf n]vgsf] df]rf{ Tolt g} alnof] x'G5 . cGoyf sljtf n]vg w]/ }sf] lglDt bfloTjsf] ;jfn sd / / x/ a9L ;flat x'g k'U5 . q

sljtfdfly csljtf xfjL x'g yfn]kl5 ;d:of t cfpF5 g} .

slDtdf sljtf n]Vg]x?n] cf};t :t/eGbf tnsf sljtfx? g5fKg] s'/fn] dfq klg sljtf n]vgdf

w]/} ;'wf/ x'g;S5 .

d]/ f] hLjg Ps PNad

xf] eg] tl:a/ d]/ f sljtf .

sNkgfdf eGbf d]/ f] x[bo 5f]P/

jf xNnfP/ hfg] dflg;,

36gf jf b[Zon] sljtfsf] k|f?k lbG5g\ dnfO{ .

slxn]sfxL+ t jiff}{+;Dd

ctLtsf] b[Zo / laDa cgfof;

cfOlbG5g\ sljtfdf .

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lzIffbLIff, cf}krfl/ s / cgf}krfl/ s lzIff, ljjfx / bfDkTo hLjg, ;Gtfg / kfl/ jfl/ s l:ylt, kfl/ jfl/ s / cfly{s cj:yf, sd{If]q / cfhLljsf, ?lr / :jefj, ;flxlTos ultljlw, n]vgsf nflu k|]/ 0ff / k|efj, n]vgsf] k|f/ De / k|sfzgsf] yfngL, s[lt / / rgfx?, / fhgLlts / ;fdflhs ;ª\3;+:yfdf ;+nUgtf, dft[lkt[ ljof]u, e|d0f, ;Ddfg / k'/ :sf/ , ;flxlTos dfGotf / hLjgbz{g cflb pkzLif{sx?df pgsf ljljw cfofdaf/ ] ;ª\If]kdf k|sfz

kfl/ Psf] 5 . To:t} zlQm nD;fnsf] JolQmTj zLif{scGtu{t pgsf] / fhgLlts, ;flxlTos / kqsfl/ tf;Da4 JolQmTjaf/ ] rrf{ ul/ Psf] 5 . To:t} k':tsdf zlQm nD;fnn] ef]u]sf] oftgf / h]nhLjgsf af/ ]df klg hfgsf/ L lbOPsf] 5 . zlQm nD;fnsf] ;flxlTos s[ltx? zLif{sdf pgsf] k|sflzt b'O{ k':tsfsf/ s[lt, Pp6f km'6s/ sljtf, ljleGg klqsfdf k|sflzt #( j6f km'6s/ n]v/ rgf tyf kfFrj6f ljleGg k':tsdf pgn] n]v]sf e"ldsfx?sf] sfnqmlds ljj/ 0f k|:t't ul/ Psf] 5 . ;fy} pgsf k|sflzt oL ;fdu|Lx?sf af/ ]df ;ª\If]kdf lrgf/ L klg lbOPsf] 5 . o;sf dfWodaf6 g]kfnL k|ultjfbL ;dfnf]rgf, ;f}Gbo{ lrGtg, e"ldsf n]vg / ;Dkfbgsf If]qdf pgn] k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgdfly k|sfz kfl/ Psf] b]lvG5 . To;kl5 o; v08sf] lgisif{ / o; v08df k|of]u ePsf ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx?sf] ljj/ 0f lbOPsf] 5 . o;/ L k':tssf] of] v08 zf]wljlwdf cfwfl/ t / x]sf] 5 .

k':tssf] bf];|f] v08 zlQm nD;fnsf] ;dfnf]rgf / pgn] n]v]sf e"ldsfnfO{ k|:t't ug]{ v08sf ?kdf cfPsf] 5 . o;df ;dfh ljsf;df snf, ;flxTo / ;+:s[ltsf] e"ldsf, hg;fF:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf] afws M kmfo/ afvLo lrGtg, dfS;{jfbL ;f}Gbo{lrGts r}tGo M Ps cjnf]sg, dxfg ;fF:s[lts of]4f s[i0f ;]g …OR5'sÚ, kfl/ hft M cfkm\g} JolQmTj / kl/ efiffleq, slj o'4k|;fb ld> M ;fFlRrs}sf o'4 g} lyP, s=ofbj cyf{t\ df:6/ ;fx]a eGg] ug'{x'GYof]===, d:taxfb'/ lai6 M c;n dfG5] / cg's/ 0fLo ;fF:s[ltssdL{, lrGtg / snfsf w/ ftndf plePsf slj hubLzrGb| e08f/ L, b'Zdgsf lsNnfx? sAhf ubf{ M hgo'4sf] cfnf]sdf gjLgtd\ pknlAw / g]kfnL ;flxTodf gofF cfofd u/ L !! j6f ;fdu|Lx? ;d]l6Psf 5g\ .

v08 tLgdf czf]s ;'j]bLsf zlQm nD;fnaf/ ]sf cg'e"ltk/ s b'O{ cfn]vx? / x]sf 5g\ . o;/ L x]bf{ of] k':tssf] klxnf] v08df n]vs sdnf l;Ub]n -;'j]bL_n] zlQm nD;fnaf/ ]df zf]wvf]h u/ L tof/

u/ ]sf ;fdu|Lx? / x]sf 5g\ eg] bf];|f] v08df zlQm nD;fnsf ;dfnf]rgf / e"ldsfx?sf] ;ª\sngsf ?kdf cfPsf] 5 . To;}u/ L t];|f] v08df k':tssf ;Dkfbs czf]s ;'j]bLn] zlQm nD;fnaf/ ] tof/ u/ ]/ ljleGg klqsfdf ;fj{hlgs u/ ]sf k"j{k|sflzt cfn]vx? / x]sf 5g\ .

b'O{ ;o k[i7sf] xf/ fxf/ Ldf / x]sf] o; k':ts cWoog ubf{ s]xL ;Gbe{x? eg] kf7snfO{ v6\s]sf] cg'ej x'G5 . klxnf], v08 Psafx]s cGo b'a} v08 kl/ lzi6df / fv]sf] eP klg / fd|} x'g] lyof] . lsgeg] ;Gbe{;"rL lbO;s]kl5 tL v08x? To; cj:yfdf / flvg' plrt b]lvb}g . bf];|f], of] s[lt zf]wkqsf] kl/ dflh{t ?k ePsf sf/ 0f zf]wstf{sf] zf]wlgb]{zs sf] lyof] eGg] s'/ fsf] hjfkm st} 5}g . zf]wstf{sf] x}l;otn] n]vsn] k':ts k|sfzg qmddf klg cfkm\gf zf]wlgb]{zsnfO{ wGojfb jf cfef/ k|s6 u/ L :d/ 0f ug'{ h?/ L lyof] . t];|f], k':tsdf k"j{sfo{sf] ljj/ 0f @)^) kl5sf dfq} 5g\ . t/ dnfO{ nfU5, zlQm nD;fnsf af/ ]df k':tsdf k|:t't ePsf l6Kk0fLafx]s cGo l6Kk0fLx? klg cjZo x'g;S5g\ . zf]wstf{n] o;tkm{ Tolt d]xgt gu/ ]sf] xf] ls eGg] kf7snfO{ cg'ej x'G5 . o:t} s[ltdf pgsf kfl/ jfl/ s, ;fyLefO;Fusf tyf ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmdsf s]xL tl:a/ sf] cefj klg p:t} v6\sG5 .

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v'6\6fdf hfd kf/]/ a:g]d'dtfh xf]Ogf} ltdLh;sf] d[To'df tfh dxn lgdf{0f eO/xf];\afFRg rfxg]nfO{ afFRg glbg]k/Dk/faf6 d'lQm vf]Hg ltdLnfO{ lbOg] pkb]zsf] lj?4dfkxf8 eP/ pleg'k5{ ltdL .

ltdL t nfnLu'/fF; aGg'k5{/, km'Ng'k5{ cSs/dfkmfF6 vf]Hb}g u'/fF; cSs/d} km'N5 Tof]/ klg eL/kfvfel/ /lStd ag]/ a'nGb ul//x]5 cfˆgf] ljho pT;jsf] c6\6fxf;;fFRr} cSs/d} km'Ng ;Sg' ljho xf] lhGbuLsf]t;y{ km'Ngsf lglDt ;xhkgf gvf]Hg" ltdLn]ltdL cSs/d} km'Ng'k5{ udnfdf xf]Og .

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;flxTo hLjgsf nflu n]lvG5 . z'?jftL r/ 0fdf ;|i6fn] cfkm\gf] ;Gt'li6sf nflu klg n]V5g\ ;fob . t/ , ha n]vgL kqklqsfdf cfpg yfN5 / ;+:yfut?kdf n]vssf] hGd x'g yfN5, To;kl5 p;sf] n]vgL cfkm\gf] ;Gt'li6sf nflu dfq x'Fb}g . ;flxTo n]vg ;dfh, / fi6« / hLjgsf nflu x'G5 .

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cWoog / n]vg b'a}nfO{ ;Fu;Fu} a9fpg'k5{ eGg] dfGotf xf] d]/ f] . vf;u/ L d sljtf ljwf ?rfpF5', n]V5' klg . clxn] s]xL sljtf s[ltx? / s]xL uB klg cWoog ul/ / x]sf] 5' . km'6s/ sljtf klg n]lv/ x]sf] 5' .

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s'/ fsfgL u/ ]sf 5g\ .

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snfdf hLjg d':s'/fpg' k5{

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gfd M lzi6tf uf}td sIff M # :s'n M hgHof]lt ljBfdlGb/ 3f]/fxL, bfª

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afn l;h{gf

r/ fr'?ª\uLsf] u'~hg, cem sf]OnLsf] s'x"–s'x"sf] af]nL ;a}nfO{ ld7f] nfU5 . Tof] dw'/ jf0fL ;'Gbf ;'Gb} cfkm"nfO{ klg To:t} af]n'F af]n'F nfUg yfN5 . of] rfxgfs} hudf cfhef]lnsf] cg's/ 0fsf] l;4fGt ag]sf] xf] . h] b]Vof],

h] ;'Gof] To;} ug{ dg nfUg' dfG5]sf] k|s[lt of :jefj xf] . of] k|fs[lts Gofosf] l;4fGt / fhgLltdf cfP/ cleJolQm :jtGqtf x'g k'Uof] .

bfªsf yf?x?sf] …;vL P xf]Ú kxf8sf] …n}n]nfn]Ú sf] efsfdf d d'Uw ePsf] ;DemG5' . afx'g] ;dfhdf eg] ;+:s[tsf noa4 :j/ x?n] dnfO{ tfg] . cy{ ga'em] klg Wjlgn] dfq dflg;nfO{ cfkm"lt/ tfGbf] / x]5 . cy{ a'em]kl5 t ;'gdf ;'uGw eOxfNof] . ;fob *÷( jif{ x'Fbf cufl8 k5fl8 RofltPsf] efg'eQm;DaGwL em08} ;o kfgfsf] k':ts stfaf6 km]nf k/ ]sf] lyof] . k':ts gkfOg] a]nfsf] k':ts / x/ n] k9]+ . cfkm\gf] :j/ cfkm}nfO{ dL7f] nfUg yfNof] .

d !# jif{sf] x'Fbf d]/ L cfdf laTg'eof] . d lqmof a;]sf] a]nf ufpFs} / fdk|;fb k6jf/ L afh]n] dxfslj b]jsf]6fsf] d'gfdbg uf]hLaf6 lems]/ k9\g yfNg'eof] . Tof] kxf8L ufpFn] efsf lgs} dg k¥of] . To;kl5 ev{/ d n3'sf}d'bL k9\b} lyPF, lahf}/ L xfl8d]sf :j= / fd]Zj/ zdf{h:t} nfU5– cfkm"n] sljtf n]v]sf nfdf Znf]s $÷^ hgfsf] aLrdf ;'gfPsf] ;DemG5' . o:t}–o:t} k|]/ 0ffn] @))$ ;fndf 3f]/ fxLsf] :s'nsf] ljBfyL{ 5Fbf n]v]/ sljtf ;'gfpg yfn]+ . o;df lzIfs u0f]zs'df/ zdf{ / csf{ lzIfs k|ofugf/ fo0f ld>sf] 7"nf] k|]/ 0ff / Xof] .

To;kl5 g]kfnL kB ;+u|xsf] k':ts km]nf k/ ]kl5 df]lt/ fd e§, nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f, dfwjk|;fb l3ld/ ] afns[i0f ;d, l;l4r/ 0f >]i7, n]vgfy cflb–cflbsf sljtfx? d]/ f] k|]/ 0ffsf d"Nojfg\ ;|f]t ag] . ca d :j/ , no, Wjlgdf dfq x}g ljrf/ df klg / dfpg yfn+] . n]vgfysf] lk~h8fsf] ;'uf, b]jsf]6fsf] ofqL / jg sljtfn] cem}+;Dd dnfO{ 5f]O/ xG5g\ . w]/ } lal;{of] klg .

@))% ;fnd} d]/ f] ljjfx eof] . ljBfnosf] ;flxlTos jftfj/ 0f / j}jflxs hLjgn] dnfO{ sljtf n]Vg s'ts'tfof] . t/ dxTj ga'emL d]/ f z}lIfs, ;fdflhs -r'/ f]6, hfF8 / / S;L gvfg]h:tf_ ;'wf/ ;DaGwL tL sljtf km]nf kb}{ k/ ]gg\ . Tof] d]/ f] ;flxlTos hfu/ 0fsf] k|yd k|x/ eG5' . d]/ f] ;dosf Ps/ fhhLn] klg s]xL sljtf n]Vg'x'GYof] / ;+:s[t 5Gbdf ufpg'x'GYof] . afFsL la;]{+ .

dfgjLo lx;fan] ;flxlTos s'ts'tLsf] Tof] klxnf] r/ 0f lyof] . To;a]nf;Dd ddf / fhgLlts r]tgf k"/ } z"Go lyof], k'/ fg} wfld{s / dfgjLo ;Dj]bgfdfq d;Fu lyof] . @))& ;fnsf] hgqmflGtn] wfld{s s§/ tfsf] ;dflKtsf] jftfj/ 0f aGb} uof] . To;n] ubf{ ;du| hLjgz}nL g} ablnFb} hfg yfNof] . tTsfnLg wfld{s ?9Ljfb;Fu ;+3if{ ug{ j]b / pklgifb, / fdfo0f, dxfef/ t / uLtfsf cfh klg sfd nfUg] sljtfTds z}nLsf sljtfx? w]/ } ;xof]uL aGg k'u] . ltgn] klg d]/ f] dgdf sljTjefj hufOlbP .

@))* / @))( ;fnkl5 lxGbL efiffdf n]lvPsf k|ultjfbL lrGtgsf ;flxTo k9\g] cj;/ k|fKt eof] . / fhgLlts r:sf a9\b} hfFbf hfu/ 0fsf uLt, gf6s / em\ofp/ ] nodf sljtf n]vg a9\b} uof] . agf/ ;df k9\g a;]sf bªfnL / Ko"7fgL o'jfx?n] ;Gb]z klqsf k|sfzg ug{ yfn]kl5 xfdL ;a}sf s[ltx? k|sflzt x'g yfn] . Tolt g} a]nf gf/ fo0fk'/ sf zf]efs/ cfrfo{n] st{Jotf gfdsf] sljtf;ª\u|x k|sflzt ug'{eof] . bfªdf sljtf n]Vg] nx/ z'? eof] .

klZrd ef]hk'/ sf tf]ogfy lwtfn, ?b|dl0f lwtfn, hLj/ fh lwtfn / gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{;d]tsf] cu'jfOdf uf]/ vk'/ af6 ljKnj k|sfzg eof] . lahf}/ L dxfljBfno / 3f]/ fxL ljBfnoaf6 jflif{s ;flxlTos d'vkqx? lg:sg yfn] . Tolta]nf;Dd sfdrnfp n]Vg] sfd a9\of] . @)!& ;fndf a]njfa~hf8L uf]nLsf08n] ubf{ ;'/ Iff sfg'gcGtu{t d}n] tLg jif{;Dd h]n hLjg latfpg'kbf{ ;flxlTos lrGtg ug]{ df}sf k¥of] .

clxn] d]/ f] xftdf Tof] a]nfsf] 8fo/ L 5 . em08} b'O ;o kfgfsf] of] b}lgsLdf …;flxTofnf]rg l;4fGtÚ zLif{s lbP/ s]xL l6kf]6 ul/ Psf] 5 . o; dxfåLkdf klxn] snfsf] cy{ lqmofs'zntf ;lDemOGYof] . ^$ snfcGtu{t sfJo ;dfj]z ul/ Psf] lyPg . klZrddf c/ :t'sf] dtcg';f/ snf k|s[ltsf] cg's[lt xf] . yk To;df k|s[ltsf] Go"gtfnfO{ snfsf] dfWodaf6 sljtfsf] dfgl;s sNkgfn] k"/ f ubf]{/ x]5 . o;af6 d}n] s] a'em]+ eg] k|s[lt cfkm}df l;h{gzLn 5 . t/ Tof] ck"/ f] 5 . To;df k"0f{tf yKg] sfd ;|i6fx?sf] xf] . o;/ L snf hLjgsf nflu eGg] s'/ fdf :ki6 x'g yfn+] .

d]/ f] gf]6 eG5– qmf]r]sf cg';f/ cleJolQm g} snf xf] . To;sf] p2]Zo ;'Gb/ l;h{gf u/ ]/ ;+;f/ nfO{ ;'Gb/ agfpg' xf] . tbg';f/ kfFr k|sf/ sf nlntsnf 5g\ . jf:t'snf, d"lt{snf, lrqsnf, ;+uLtsnf / sfJosnf .

sfJosf] ;fdu|L efiff xf] . efiffl;t efj -ljrf/ _sf] cleGg ;DaGw 5 . ;+uLt sfJosf] no;Fu / xG5 . Tof] sfJosf] ;xr/ xf] . To;n] ;/ ntf / tGdotf a9fpF5 . snf snfsf] lglDt eGg vf]Hbf cleJo~hgfjfb hGdG5 . To;f] ubf{ ljifoj:t' uf}0f aGg k'U5 . clg lau|bf–lau|bf ;flxTo d"bf{h:tf] aGg yfN5 . d]/ f] hf]8 x'g yfNof]– snfdf hLjg d':s'/ fpg' k5{ g ls d"bf{ .

ef/ tLo sfJo cfbz{df Wjlg / cg'e"ltsf] k|wfgtf 5 . To;}n] of] p2]Zok/ s 5 h:t} M

ckf/ ] sfJo ;+;f/ ] slj / ]sM k|hfkltM oyf:d} / f]rg] ljZj ty]b+ kl/ sNkt]

cyf{t\ of] kf/ kfOg g;lsg] ;+;f/ df slj g} k|hfklt -;|i6f_ xf] . p;nfO{ cfkm"n] rfx]sf] h:tf] ;+;f/ l;h{gf ug{ dg nfU5 p:t} ug{ ;S5 . To;}n] slj 7"nf] dg ePsf], ;j{q Jofks, :jtM:km"t{ k|ltef ePsf] JolQmTj xf] elgPsf] 5 .

sljd{gLifL kl/ e"M :joDe'M

cfrfo{ dDd6n] sfJo k|of]hgd"ns eg]em}+ c+u|]h ;dfnf]rs d}y' cfgf]{N8n] klg eg]sf 5g\–

literature is the cri�cism of life. ;flxTo hLjgsf] cfnf]rgf xf] . d t eG5' cfnf]rgf dfq ;dfnf]rgfTds JofVof klg xf] .

qq

xn'sf t/ lg/ Gt/ jiff{ . lrofsf] r':sL . clg sf]7fsf] ‰ofnaf6 b]lvg] lrofaf/ L . cl:tTjdf olQ g} 5g\ ls < To;eGbf k/ 5 t of] ;do, of] If0fnfO{ cg'e"t ug{] cg'e"ltx? dfq .

jiff{ klg k6\of/ nfUbf] 5 . ;fgf] 5Fbf jiff{df pdª\u

jlif{GYof] . jiff{t\sf] cfsfz] kfgLdf ?‰b} g'xfpg' . v/ sf] 5fgfaf6 tlKsPsf an];Lsf] cfjfhsf] Ps?ktf / ljleGgtf uGg' . e'6]sf] ds} e6df; rkfpFb} d6fgsf] afb{nLdf cf]5\ofg nufP/ klN6g' / ToxL d:t lgbfpg' .

pkm\ ÛÛ tL ;a t s]jn ;Demgfafx]s s]xL / x]gg\ .

tL ljutx?k|lt clnslt kZrftfk, clnslt k'nlst, clnslt lgik[x eP/ } s'bfpF5 dflg;n] hLjgsf] / y . To;afx]s ljut;Fu lng'–lbg' s]xL klg / x]g5 . t/ klg xfdL ljutsf] a9L dfof g} u5f{}+ . lxhf] laem]sf] sfF8f cfh;Dd klg lemls/ xG5f}+ . lxhf] / f]k]sf] aLpsf] kmn cfh vfO/ x]sf x'G5f}+ . lxhf] lylrFbf ef]ln;Dd klg b'lv/ xg ;S5 . ljut;Fu jt{dfg / eljiosf] ;fOgf] ljlrqsf] 5 .

kxf8sL / fgL, lrofsf] / fhwfgL Onfdsf] of] 8fF8fdf k/ ]sf] kfgL / oxfFaf6 lgs} 6f9f kg{] d x's{]sf] ufpFsf] jiff{tdf leGgtf lsg vf]Hb}5' < of] cfsfz / Tof] cfsfzdf nfu]sf] afbnsf] / ª\u clg p8fgdf lsg c;dfgtf cg'e"t ub{}5' <

dg g xf], htf klg cfˆgf] / k/ fO{ 5'6\ofpg vf]Hg] . gq pxL cfsfz, pxL afbn clg pxL jiff{ . s]xL km/ s 5 / < cfkm}+ cfsf/ –k|sf/ gePsf] dgn] cfsf/ g k|sf/ sf uGyg ug{ vf]lh/ x]5 cfkm}+;Fu . ;To–tYo, ;xL–unt s] rflxof] / o;nfO{ < o;} stf–stf axlsg vf]Hg], axsfpg vf]Hg] . of] zLtn df};d, jiff{tsf] ;'v clg sfF65fFl6Psf lrl6Ss lrofsf a'6\6fx?sf] ;'Gb/ tfaf6 km'Q efu]/ a]hf]8 bf}l8g vf]Hb}5 dg .

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klg hª\uhLn] k|of; ug{'eof] . t/ rfx]/ klg d}n] ;do ldnfpg ;lsgF . of] s:tf] afWotf xf] < s:tf] aGwg xf] < d, ;dosf] bf; 5', …To;sf/ 0f ;do ldnfpg ;lsgFÚ o;f] eGg' 7Ls xf]nf / < cyjf hª\uhLsf] cfu|x / d]/ f lnDa' n'ª\ufx?sf] Oltxf;k|lt c;+j]bgzLntf=== cxF of] t k6Ss} x'g ;Sb}g . h] eP klg Gofgf] cfltYo lbg] ;x[boL ;fyLsf] OR5f / cg'/ f]wnfO{ d}n] b'Tsf/ ];/ x ef] . ofqfdf ;Fu} lnP/ uPsf] s'df/ L nfdfsf] lstfadf d]/ f] xfntsf] lemgf] ?kdf eP klg ;Daf]wg u/ ]h:tf] ef]–

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nfU5, dflg; slxn] :jod\l;lh{t t slxn] k/ fwLg cfb]zx?sf] h~hfndf kl/ / xFbf]/ x]5 . o;f] u/ , p;f] gu/ . otf hfpm, ptf ghfpm . olt u/ , plt u/ . ;a}sf] lgwf{/ s tL b[Zo cb[Zo cfb]zx? . x/ ]s kn, x/ ]s kfOnfdf cf]Ol/ g] cfb]zsf ee{/ fpFbf nKsfx¿ . ltg}nfO{ tGtgL lkpFb} laTg] dflg;sf] rf]nf .

laxfg kfFry/ af6 Onfd emb{} ubf{ leq–leq pl7/ x]sf] e'ª\u|f], c;f/ ] eml/ n] klg lgefpg ;ls/ x]sf] lyPg . / fFs] ahf/ , kf}jfe~Hofª clg ;a} kxf8L 8fF8fx?sf] ;'Gb/ tf h;/ L 5f]lk/ x]Yof] s'lx/ f]n], To:t} d]/ f] dg sfnf] s'lx/ f]n] 8Dd 5f]k]em}+ cFWof/ f] eO/ Xof] . uf8Lleq ;fyLx¿sf / l;nf s'/ fsfgL, u'l~h/ x]sf] ;'ud ;ª\uLtsf] emGsf/ s]xLn] zfGt kfg{ ;s]sf] 5}g dg . s:tf] vnanL eof] o;}–o;} < cf]/ fnf] emb{} ubf{ uLt u'l~hof] …kmsL{ cfpm zflGt ltdL nfnLu'/ fF; eG5g\===Ú s'/ fsfgL / xfF;f]76\6fx?df d]/ f] lj/ n ;xeflutfk|lt ;fyLx? dgdg} crlDdt lyP ;fob . k5fl8 l;6df a:g] sd{ ;/ n] cfFvf lemDsfpFb} eGg'eof]– …kmsL{ cfpFb}5 …zflGtÚ oxfF .Ú Ps}l5g unnn xfF;f] u'l~hof] . d]/ f] gfd / uLtsf] zAb ldNg' Pp6f ;+of]u lyof] . Pp6f cfzftLt t/ dL7f] ;+of]u . dflg;sf] hLjg g} ;+of]ux?sf] of]u t xf] lg, x}g / < km/ s olQ xf], ;a} ;+of]ux? ;'vb dfq x'Ggg\ .

o:t} Pp6f ;+of]u lyof], d ToxfF k'Ug' . ;+of]ux?n] 8f]¥ofpFb} nu] . ;+of]un] ldNg k'Uof] d]/ f] dgsf] l:ylt;Fu uLtsf] zAb klg . ;fFRr} sxfF 5 / zflGt oxfF < htftt} czflGt–czflGt dfq .

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zflGtsf] vf]hLdf x'G5g\ oxfF x'g' gx'g' ;a} . ;fFRr} eGbf ;dfhn] dfg]sf] tdfd ljs[ltx? zflGt;Fu afFRg vf]Hg] dfG5]sf rfxgfsf pkhh:t} nfU5g\ . dflg; x'g'sf] ul/ dfnfO{ h'Qfsf] tn'jfdf 6fF;]/ oqtq ef}tfl/ / x]sf h:tf b]lvG5f}+ xfdL . lhpg'sf] ld7f;nfO{ la;{]/ ltQ/ laQ/ eO/ x]sf x'Fbf / x]5f}+ xfdL . cxf] Û xfdL zflGt vf]Hb} zflGt g} vNanfO/ x]sf h:tf b]lvG5f}+ slxn]sfxL+ t .

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k"j{df d]rL gbL klZrd dxfsfnLk'vf{n] ufF;]sf] of] dfnfh:t} g]kfnL .

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sfsf M pkm ÛÛÛ s]–s] ;f]W5] of] km'r'+u|L klg <<<ÛÛÛ

g]kfnL ;fª\uLlts cfsfzdf prfO vf]Hb}5g\ bªfnL Ps o'jf k|ltef . bfªsf] t'n;Lk'/ df cfdf gf/ fo0fL / hf}/ ] / a'jf l8NnL/ fh / hf}/ ]sf] sf]vdf @)#% ;fndf hlGdPsf tL k|ltef x'g\, ;Gtf]if / hf}/ ] . hGde"ld bfª eP klg sd{e"ld / fhwfgLnfO{ agfPsf / hf}/ ]n] g]kfnL ;fª\uLlts cfsfzdf cfkm\gf] e"ldsf ;zQm agfpFb} cfkm"nfO{ :yflkt ub}{ uPsf 5g\ .

/ fKtL ljBfdlGb/ t'n;Lk'/ af6 @)%# ;fndf k|j]lzsf k/ LIff ;s]/ ;ª\uLt cWoogsf nflu sf7df8f}+ l5/ ]sf lyP pgL . ;fg}b]lv uLt;ª\uLtdf ?lr ePsf / hf}/ ] ;ª\uLt l;Sgs} nflu sf7df8f}+ l5/ ]sf lyP . / Tg/ fHo SofDk;df ;ª\uLt ljifod} :gfts ;s]sf / hf}/ ]n] ef/ tsf] Onfxfjfbl:yt o'lgel;{6Laf6 kfFrf}+ jif{ kf/ u/ ] . …kl5Nnf] ;dodf sfd kfpg yfn]+ . To;}n] k|fOe]6af6 ;ª\uLtd} l8u|Lsf] cWoog klg ;Fu;Fu} rln/ x]sf] 5Ú, / hf}/ ]n] eg] . sf7df8f}+sf] aNv'df :yfoL a;f]af; ul/ / x]sf / hf}/ ]n] xfn;Dd %% j6fhlt km'6s/ uLtdf ;ª\uLt lbO;s]sf 5g\ . tLdWo] rnlrq …n+sfÚsf] …of] kn km]l/ cfpnf gcfpnf===Ú af]nsf] uLt bz{s÷;|f]tfn] w]/ } dg k/ fPsf lyP . :j?k/ fh cfrfo{sf] :j/ / x]sf] …of] dg} p:tf]Ú af]nsf] uLtn] t emg pgnfO{ …lx6\; PkmPd Do'lhs cjf8{Ú g} lbnfof] . To:t} s/ 0f Gof}kfg]sf] zAb / x]sf] …ltdLn] 5f8]/ hfFbfÚ af]nsf] uLtn] klg ;|f]tfsf] dg lhTg ;kmn / x]sf] / hf}/ ]n] atfP .

km'6s/ uLtdfq} xf]Og pgL rnlrq ;ª\uLtsf] b'lgofFdf klg k;]sf 5g\ . pgsf] Psn ;ª\uLt / x]sf] / ]vf yfkfsf] …nª\sfÚ tyf

/ hf}/ ] / ;'/ ]z clwsf/ Lsf] ;ª\uLt / x]sf] rnlrq …jL/ Ú l/ lnh eO;s]sf 5g\ . pgL olta]nf …rn]5 atf; ;':t/ LÚ gfds gofF rnlrqsf] ;ª\uLt lbg] sfddf Jo:t 5g\ . …rn]5 atf; ;':t/ Ldf sfd eO/ x]sf] 5Ú, / hf}/ ]n] hfgsf/ L lbP . xfn;Dd $ j6f uLltPNadx?df klg ;ª\uLt lbO;s]sf / hf}/ ]n] ;ª\uLtsf cltl/ Qm cfkm} ufpg] klg u5{g\ . pgn] eg], …s]xL uLltPNadx?df ufPsf] klg 5' . d]/ f] :j/ / ;ª\uLt / x]sf gofF uLtx? klg cfpg] tof/ Ldf / x]sf 5g\ .Ú

;ª\uLtsf/ ;Gtf]if / hf}/ ]n] @)^* ;fndf / fktL ;dfh sf7df8f}+af6 …/ fKtL Do"lhs cjf8{Údf …;jf]{Ts[i6 kk;ª\uLt cjf8{Ú k|fKt u/ ]sf lyP . @)&) ;fndf rnlrq nª\sfaf6 pgn] …;jf]{Ts[i6 rnlrq lx/ f]xf]08f lx6\; PkmPd Do'lhs cjf8{Ú xft kf/ ]sf lyP . @)&) ;fnd} pT;u{ lkmNd;\ g]kfn bfª / / hf}/ ] ;dfhaf6 ;Ddflgt klg eO;s]sf 5g\ pgL .

rnlrq ;ª\uLtn] dfq} hLjgofkg ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf cem}+ g]kfndf g/ x]sf] cg'ej u/ ]sf / hf}/ ]n] eg], …;fO8df csf]{ s'g} ljhg];

ug}{kg]{ l:ylt 5 .Ú oBlk ;ª\uLtsf] ahf/ ;Fu pgL Psbd} lg/ f; eg] 5}gg\ . …kl5Nnf] r/ 0fdf ahf/ cln kmi6fPsf] 5 . g]kfnL uLt;ª\uLtsf] ahf/ klg cln / fd|f] aGb} uPsfn] xf]nf ;docg';f/ kl/ dflh{t klg aGb} uPsf] 5Ú, pgn] yk] .

of] ;dodf / hf}/ ]n] …rn]5 atf; ;':t/ LÚ rnlrqsf] ;ª\uLt lbO/ x]sf 5g\ . To;afx]s s]= bfxfnsf] zAbdf ;ª\uLt, Oh/ fondf / x]sL gLt' e';fn, stf/ df / x]sf k|an lji6, sf]l/ ofdf / x]sf cd[t lu/ L, b'aO{df / x]sf ;'zLn af]x/ fsf zAbdf ;ª\uLt lbg] sfd ul/ / x]sf 5g\ . …dx]Gb| uf}tdsf] zAb / df08jL lqkf7Lsf] :j/ / x]sf] gofF uLt / ]s8{ eO/ x]sf] 5Ú, pgn] ;'gfP .

k|:t'lt M pbo hLPd…;ª\uLtsf/ ;Gtf]if / hf}/ ]n] @)^* ;fndf / fktL ;dfh sf7df8f}+af6 …/ fKtL Do"lhs cjf8{Údf …;jf]{Ts[i6 kk;ª\uLt cjf8{Ú k|fKt u/ ]sf lyP . @)&) ;fndf rnlrq nª\sfaf6 pgn] …;jf]{Ts[i6 rnlrq lx/ f]xf]08f lx6\; PkmPd Do'lhs cjf8{Ú xft kf/ ]sf lyP .

rf/ }lt/ kxf8n] 3]l/ Psf] clg pQ/ k""j{lt/ l;:g] lxdfnn] n'sfdf/ L v]ln/ x]sf] ko{6sLo ufpF ?s''dsf]6sf] aLr}df Ps k|fs[lts tfn 5– sdn bx . kof{ / ;fxl;s ko{6gsf] lx;fan] lgs} dxTj af]s]sf] sdn bx em08} tLg ju{lslddf km}lnPsf] 5 .

kf}/ fl0fs syfcg'';f/ s''6'Ga''/ Lsf] wfld{s cf:yfn] klg k|l;4L sdfPsf] sdn bxsf] kfgL ;kmf / lgnf] 5 . st} d''xfg klg gb]lvg] t/ kfgL ;''s]/ klg g36\g] sdn bxsf] cgf}7f] ljz]iftf xf] . ;w}+ s~rg kfgLsf] 5fn clg u[iddf km'Ng] sdnsf] dgdf]xs cfsif{0fn] ko{6ssf] dg nf]EofpF5 . ;fxl;s v]n 6«fof]yngsf] nflu l:jldª, 8'ª\uf laxf/ ug{ ;lsg] sdn bx lgs} cfsif{s 5 .

bfªsf] 3f]/ fxLb]lv ! ;o #( lsnf]ld6/ sf] ;8s b''/ Ldf kg{] ?s''d vn+uf clg v+nUffb]lv k""j{tkm{ dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{ x''Fb} #) lsnf]ld6/ ;8s b''/ L kf/ u/ ] ko{6sLo ufpF ?s''dsf]6 k''Ug ;lsG5 . ;d''Gb|L ;txb]lv em08} ! xhf/ ;ft ;o ld6/ pFrfOdf kg{] ?s''dsf]6 ;''Gb/ ko{6sLo If]q xf] . lj=;+= @)!* b]lv @)#) a}zfv;Dd ?s''dsf] ;b/ d''sfd;d]t / x]sf] ?s''dsf]6 P]ltxfl;s :yn klg xf] . ;fgLe]/ L gbLsf] blIf0f k""j{lt/ cjl:yt ?s''dsf]6df ;ft ;o jif{ klxn]b]lv uf}tdx?n] a;f]af; ub{} cfPsf] egfO{ 5 .

/ fli6«o uf}/ jsf] cfof]hgf lgdf{0ffwLg dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{n] 5f]Psf] ?s''dsf]6df cjl:yt sdn bx kof{ / ;fxl;s ko{6gsf] cfsif{0f s]Gb| ePsf] 6«fof]yng v]nsf nflu ?s''dsf]6 k''u]sf 6«fof]yng k|lzIfs bLks

e08f/ Ln] atfP . kof{;Fu} ;fxl;s v]n 6«fof]yng / dfpG6]g afOsnufot cGo ;fxl;s v]nsf nflu sf:sLkl5 ?s''dsf]6 pko''Qm :yfg ePsf] pgsf] egfO{ 5 .

k|rf/ k|;f/ / ;+/ If0fsf] cefjdf kof{ ko{6gsf] cfwf/ sdn bx cem}+ a]va/ h:t} alg/ x]sf] :yfgLoaf;Lsf] egfO{ 5 . ;8s, ;~rf/ / ljB''t clg 3/ af; sfo{qmd Jojl:yt x''g g;Sg' / ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/ x?sf] lgdf{0f gx'g' oxfFsf] d'Vo ;d:of xf] . :yfgLo txdf lhlj;n] ko{6gsf] nflu lgs} ;lqmotf b]vfP klg ko{6g;Da4 lgsfo ko{6g af]8{, 6fg, xfgh:tf ;+:yfn] ?s''dsf] ko{6g k|j4{gsf nflu rf;f] gb]vfPsf] :yfgLosf] u''gf;f] 5 . jiff{tsf] kfgLn] df6f] aufP/ bxdf hfg] / bxdf pd|g] em\ofp emf/ n] tfnsf] ;'Gb/ tfnfO{ laufg]{ u/ ]sf] :yfgLo atfpF5g\ .

:yfgLo lgsfo lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] g]t[Tjdf ?s''dsf]6 sdnbx dxf]T;j uPsf] a}zfvdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof], dxf]T;jsf] dfWodaf6 ?s''dsf]6sf] ko{6g k|j4{gsf nflu kxn ul/ Psf] :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/ L

e/ t zdf{ atfpg''x''G5, :yfgLo lgsfosf] >f]t ;fwgaf6 tfn ;+/ If0f, dlGb/ sf] ;Dj4{g / k|j4{gfTds sfd;+u} dxf]T;jsf] cfof]hgf u/ ]/ ;Da4 lgsfox?sf] Wofg cfsli{ft u/ ]sf] pxfFn] atfpg'' eof] .

ko{6g ;Da4 lgsfox? / fhwfgL cf;kf;df s]lGb|t x''gfn] / fhwfgL aflx/ sf ko{6sLo If]qx?sf] ck]Iffs[t ljsf; x''g g;s]sf] ?s'dsf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/ L e/ t/ fh zdf{n] atfP . lhlj;;Fu ;Lldt ah]6 x''g] / c;Lldt If]qdf sfd ug'''{kg{] afWotf ePsf]n]

k6{og If]qnfO{ PSn} lhlj;n] dfq Jojl:yt ug{ g;s]sf] pgsf] egfO{ 5 . p;f] t lhlj; ?s''dsf] kxndf ?s''dsf] ko{6g k|j4{g ug{ lhlj; a]j;fO6 ;~rfng ul/ Psf] 5, j];fO6df ko{6sLo uGtJox?sf] af/ ]df hfgsf/ Lx? klg / flvPsf 5g\ .

:yfgLo txdf ePsf ko{6gsf k|of;nfO{ / fHosf] pkNnf] lgsfon] Wofg lbb} ;8s / ;~rf/ sf] kxF'r clg bxsf] ;+/ If0f, ;Da4{g clg k|j4{gdf nufgL ug{ ;s] ko{6g cfudgdf j[l4 ug{ ;lsG5 .