२०७१ साउन २४ गते शनिबार
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kjgn] klg / f]Nkfaf6 bfªdf cWoog ug]{ qmddf bfªsf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf hf]l8P/ dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{eof] . / , ToxL+af6} hgo'4sf] / flknf] el§df k"0f{sfnLg eP/ xf]ldg'eof] klg .
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sd/]8 kjg;Fu latfPsf ofbuf/ If0fx?
nf]kf]Gd'v cj:yfdf / x]sf] s';'08f hflt clxn]] / Qmldl>t hflt aGb}5 . logLx?sf] hLjgz}nL km]l/ Psf] 5 . hLjgk4ltdf cfPsf] kl/ jt{g;Fu} efiff nf]k x'Fb} uO/ x]sf] 5 . h+unsf] :jtGq hLjgofkg 5f8L 3/ ]n' / ;fdflhs hLjg ckgfpg yfn]sf 5g\ pgLx? . 3/ ]n' / ;fdflhs hLjg ckgfpg yfn]kZrft\ logLx?sf] ;f+:s[lts lqmofsnfk / wfld{s ultljlwdf kl/ jt{g cfO;s]sf] 5 . ;du|df eGg] xf] s';'08f hfltsf] hLjgbz{gdf 7"nf] kl/ jt{g cfO;s]sf] 5 / logLx?sf] ;+:s[lt cl:tTjxLg cj:yfdf k'lu;s]sf] 5 .
k"j{–klZrd * ;o *% lsld nDafO{, pQ/ –blIf0f ! ;o (# lsld cf};t rf}8fO{ / ! nfv $& xhf/ ! ;o *! ju{ lslddf km}lnPsf] g]kfnsf] ;'Gb/ tf hftLo, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s, eflifs / ef}uf]lns ljljwtf xf] . oxL ljljwtfsf] dfnf cyjf cg]stfdf Pstf g} g]kfnsf] lrgf/ L xf] . g]kfnsf] hgu0fgf @)^* cg';f/ g]kfndf ! ;o @^ hfthflt / ! ;o @# efiffx? / x]sf] pNn]v ul/ Psf] 5 . pQm hgu0fgfcg';f/ g]kfndf s';'08f hfltsf] s"n hg;+Vof @ ;o &# hgf / x]sf] 5 . s';'08f hflt g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ k'/ fgf afl;GbfdWo] Ps cflbjf;L hghflt xf] . s';'08f cfkm"x? k"j{lt/ af6 a;fO;/ fO{ ub{} bfª;Dd cfOk'u]sf] atfpg] u/ ] klg d"nynf]sf] ;Gbe{df Plsg;fy eGg ;Sg] cfwf/ kfOPsf] 5}g . logLx? g]kfnsf] klZrdf~rn / dWoklZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf] uf]vf{, tgx'F, u'NdL, c3f{vfFrL, Ko"7fg, / f]Nkf, bfªb]pv'/ L / ;'v{]t lhNnfdf 5l/ P/ a;f]af; u/ ]sf 5g\ . s';'08fx?nfO{ jg/ fhf jf jgsf] / fhf …DofxsÚ klg eGg] ul/ G5 . h+undf 3'dGt] hLjg latfPsf s';'08fx?n] / fp6]nfO{ cfˆgf] hgtf ePsf] atfpF5g\ .
s';'08f cNk;+Vos, ;LdfGts[t Pj+ lk5l8Psf] hflt xf] . ;dfhsf] x/ ]s If]qdf k5fl8 k/ ]sf] o; hfltn] vf;} k|ult u/ ]sf] kfOb}g . logLx? h'g–h'g 7fpFdf a;f]af; u/ ] klg k|foM cfly{s cj:yf ;fdfGo / sdhf]/ kfOG5 . xfn s';'08f hfltsf] vf]h, cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg ug{ s]xL ljåfgx?n] rf;f] b]vfPsf 5g\ eg] :jod\ s';'08fx? klg s';'08f hfltsf] pTyfg / ljsf;df cu|;/ x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . s]xL jif{ cl3;Dd s';'08fx? cfkm"nfO{ …s';'08fÚ eGbf l/ ;fpg] ub{y] . ufpF3/ df ufnL ubf{ s;} s;}n] …s';'08fÚ zAbnfO{ tNnf] :t/ df jf ckzAbsf] ?kdf k|of]u u/ ]sf] kfOG5 . s';'08fx?n] y/ sf] ?kdf ;]g, l;+x, zfx, dNn cflb n]Vg] u/ ]sf] kfOG5 . ;dfhdf s';'08fnfO{ x]osf b[li6n] x]l/ GYof] . kmn:j?k s]xL s';'08fx? 7s'/ L ag] eg] s]xL s';'08fx? cGo hfltdf k|j]z u/ L ToxL+ hfltsf] y/ cfˆgf] y/ sf] ?kdf ckgfPsf] kfOG5 .
g]kfn ;/ sf/ n] nf]kf]Gd'v hfltnfO{ / fxt / ;+/ If0f lbg yfn]kl5 kl/ jlt{t ePsf s';'08fx?n] cfˆgf] hfltsf] vf]hL ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . s';'08f
hflt cWoogsf] qmddf dnfO{ r}nfxL– !, cgjf{sf s]xL s'dfnx?n] cfkm"nfO{ s';'08fsf] ;Gtfg atfPsf 5g\ . Ps hgf s';'08fsf] ;Gtfg clxn] %& hgf s'dfnsf] ?kdf km}lnPsf] 5 .
s';'08f hfltsf] hLjgz}nL, k/ Dk/ f / ;+:s[ltdf lgs} 7"nf] kl/ jt{g cfO;s]sf] 5 . em08} tLg bzs cl3;Dd jgh+undf 3'dGt] hLjg latfPsf s';'08fx? clxn] ;fdflhs jftfj/ 0fdf a;f]af; ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . jgdf a:bf logLx? s'g} Ps lglZrt :yfgdf ga;L a:g] 7fpFx? kl/ jt{g ul/ / xGy] . df};dcg';f/ :ofpnfsf] 5fk|f, cf]9f/ jf u'kmfdf a:g] ub{y] . k'?ifx? jgdf vfg]s'/ f vf]Hg / dlxnfx? ufpFdf cf6f]–lk7f] dfUg hfg] ub{y] . jgdf kfOg] t?n, lu7f, sGbd"n, ef;]{, nf]v/ s, sflnh / uf]x/ f logLx? vfg] ub{y] eg] h/ fof], yf/ / d[uh:tf hgfj/ lzsf/ u/ L ufpFdf cGgafnL -ds}, rfdn, lk7f]_;Fu ;f6\g] ub{y] . jgdf s';'08fx? cf–cfˆgf ;d"xdf a:g] pgLx? Ps 7fpFdf Ps ;ftfb]lv !%–@) lbg;Dd a:g] ub{y] . Pp6f ;d"xdf a9Ldf 5 hgf;Dd x'g] / a;]sf] 7fpFdf vfg]s'/ f l;l4Pkl5 csf{] jgdf a;fO ug]{ pgLx?sf] k/ Dk/ fh:t} lyof] . wg', af0f, pl56f, ;fª\n] hfaL, kf;f] cflb lzsf/ v]Ng k|of]u ub{y] . logLx? sflnhnfO{ kf;f]df aNemfpg / uf]x/ fnfO{ ;dfTg l;kfn' x'G5g\ . ;f]emf / ;/ n :jefj ePsf s';'08fx? tGqdGq / emf/ km'sdf ljZjf; ub{5g\ . ;k{, laR5Ln] 6f]s]df jf la/ fdL k/ ]df emf/ km's / hl8a'6Lsf] k|of]u ub{5g\ . sf]xL la/ fdL k/ ]df wfdL÷emfFqmLn] emf/ km's ub{5 . emf/ km'sn] lgsf] gePdf emfFqmL a:b5g\ . emfFqmL / ft k/ ]kl5 a:g] ub{5g\ . wfdLn] / f]usf] k|s[ltcg';f/ pkrf/ ub{5 . cfjZostf cg';f/ la/ fdLnfO{ wfdLn] dGq u/ ]sf] hGt/ 3fF6L, sDd/ jf kfv'/ fdf afFWb5g\ .
olta]nf s';'08fx? h+unL 3'dGt] hLjg 5f8L ufpF3/ df a:g yfln;s]sf 5g\ . lxhf]sf lbgdf nufpg] sk8f / u/ uxgfx? cfhef]ln k|rngdf / x]sf] b]lvb}g . hftLo lrgf/ L emNsg] kf]zfsx? nufpg 5fl8;s]sf 5g\ . cfw'lgs ahfl/ of ;fdu|Lx? k|of]u ug{ yfln;s]sf 5g\ . s';'08f dlxnfn] sfnf] u'Go', ;]tf] k6'sf, / ftf] 3n]s, sfnf] rf]nf], 6fpsf]df / ftf] ?dfn / k'?ifn] s5gL, ;]tf] sdLh, ;]tf] 6f]kL / t'gf afFWg] ef]6L nufpg] ub{y] . To;}u/ L sDkgL ?k}ofFsf] xd]n, ;'SsL, 7'd/ f, rfFbLsf] sg{km'nL, rfFbLsf] r]K6f / d'ufsf] dfnf uxgfsf] ?kdf dlxnfn] nufpg] ub{y] .
g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ cGo hfthflt h:t} s';'08f hfltsf] cfˆgf] 5'§} ;+:sf/ , k/ Dk/ f / ;f+:s[lts hLjg / x]sf] kfOG5 . logLx?n] ;d"x / 7fpFcg';f/ ;+:sf/ / k/ Dk/ fdf s]xL leGgtf b]lvP klg d"ne"t s'/ fdf Ps?ktf kfOG5 .
hGd M dlxnfx? jgdf g} ;'Ts]/L x'g] ub{y] . s';'08fx? aRrf hlGdPsf] !! lbgdf Gjf/ g u/ L gfd / fVg] ub{5g\ . gfd / fVg dfjnL afh]nfO{ af]nfpg] ub{5g\ . s';'08f hfltdf a9\bf -hGd x'Fbf_ !! / 36\bf -d[To' x'Fbf_ !# lbg eGg] k|rng / x]sf] 5 .
ljjfx M s';'08f hfltdf pd]/ k'u]sf s]6f jf s]6Lsf nflu ljjfx cleefjsn] to ub{5g\ . ljjfx ;fdfGo?kdf ;DkGg ul/ G5 . o; hfltdf dfuL / efuL ljjfx ug]{ k|rng / x]sf] kfOG5 . s]6L dfUg hfFbf uf]x/ f jf sflnhsf] df;' / / S;L nu]/ s]6Lsf] 3/ df hfg] ub{5g\ . df;' / / S;L s]6L kIfnfO{ lbO;s]kl5 ljjfxsf nflu 5nkmn ug]{ / ldlt to ul/ G5 . tf]lsPsf] ldltdf b'nxL Nofpg hfFbf df;', / S;L, b'nxLsf
nflu gofF sk8f / uxgf n}hfg'kb{5 eg] b'nxLsf] afa'nfO{ s]xL k};f lbg'kb{5, h;nfO{ ;fO lbg] -;fO{ oª\u' ou'_ elgG5 . ToxL sk8f / uxgf b'nxLnfO{ nufpg nufP/ b'nxLsf] 3/ df Nofpg] ul/ G5 . ljjfx ljz]if u/ L dfdfsf] 5f]/ L / km'k"sf] 5f]/ f aLr ug]{ rng / x]sf] 5 . dfdfsf] 5f]/ L geP dfq cGo kl/ jf/ sf] s]6L;Fu ljjfx ul/ G5 . ljjfxdf b'nxf kIfsf cfkmGt / ;fyLefOx? hGtLsf ?kdf b'nxL Nofpg hfg] ub{5g\ . ljjfxsf nflu uf]x/ fsf] df;' clgjfo{ rflxG5 . s';'08f hfltdf cGt/ hftLo ljjfx a9\bf] qmddf / x]sf] b]lvG5 . cGt/ hftLo ljjfxsf sf/ 0f pgLx? 3'dGt] hLjg 5f8L ufpFdf a:g yfn]sf 5g\ .
d[To' M s';'08fx? d[To'kl5 zjnfO{ gbL jf h+unsf] 5]pdf vf8\n vgL uf8\g] ub{5g\ . s;}n] d[tsn] k|of]u u/ ]sf efF8f / rfdn d[tssf] gfddf 5f8\g] ub{5g\ . d[tssf] gfddf !# lbg;Dd lqmof a:g] rng 5 . ;a} 5f]/ fx? lqmofdf a:g] ub{5g\ . s'gf lqmofdf a:bf s;};Fu 5f]Og' x'Fb}g . lqmofdf a:g]n] skfn vf}/ g] / ;]tf] sf]/ f sk8f nufpg] ub{5g\ eg] glhssf] vf]nfdf uO{ g'xfpg] ub{5g\ . lqmof a:g]n] s]/ f, t]u'gf / t?n Ps5sL -Ps 5fs_ vfg] ub{5g\ eg] eft vfb}gg\ / g"g afg]{ ub{5g\ . !#cf}+ lbgdf rf]lVvg] ub{5g\ . rf]lVvg] lbg g"g dfq kfgLdf ksfP/ ;a}n] afF8]/ vfg] ub{5g\ .
g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ x/ ]s hflt tyf hghfltsf] cf–cfˆg} efiff, ;+:s[lt, snf, e]ife'iff / / xg;xg / x]sf] kfOG5 . / l;s :jefjsf s';'08fx?n] b;}+, ltxf/ , df3];+qmflGt dgfpg] ub{5g\ . jif{df Psk6s lkt[ k"hf ubf{ 9'Ëfdfly df6f]sf] efn] -a'afsf] ?kdf_ / kfyL -cfdfsf] ?kdf_ uf]nLh:tf] / fvL k"hf ub{5g\ . logLx?n] b;}+df b'uf{ k"hf klg ub{5g\ . jgdf hLjgofkg ug]{ s';'08fx?n] jgb]jLsf] k"hf ub{5g\ . To;}u/ L s';'08fx?n] / dfOnf] ub}{ w'dwfdsf ;fy k}+;/ L, ;f]/ 7L, 6Kkf gfRg] ub{5g\ . gfRbf, ufpFbf logLx?n] jfBjfbgsf] ?kdf dfbn, afF;'/ L, d'r{'+uf, k}+hg / ‰ofnL k|of]u ub{5g\ .
k|s[ltk"hs s';'08fx?n] ufO{sf] b"w vfFb}gg\, uf]a/ 5'b}gg\ / s'g} klg sfo{sf nflu k|of]u ub}{gg\ . v'/ ePsf] s'g} klg hgfj/ sf] df;' vfFb}gg\ . h+unL hgfj/ sf] lzsf/ u/ ] klg tL hgfj/ sf] df;' ufpFn]x?;Fu cGgafnL;Fu ;f6\g] ub{5g\ . lxGb" wd{df h:tf] s';'08fsf] w]/ } b]jLb]ptf / x]sf] kfOb}g . cfkm"nfO{ s'zsf] ;Gtfg dfGg] ePsfn] v/ n] 5fPsf] 3/ df a:b}gg\ . s'rf]nfO{ v'§fn] s'Nr]df 9f]Ug] ub{5g\ .
efiff M efiff ljrf/ / efjgf JoQm ug]{ dfWod dfq geP/ ;+:s[lt / hLjgbz{g a'‰g] ;|f]t klg xf] . s';'08f efiff …d[t cj:yfÚdf k'Ug yfln;s]sf] 5 . cfd g]kfnLn] h:t} s';'08fn] klg g]kfnL efiff b}lgs hLjgdf k|of]u ug{ yfln;s]sf 5g\ . olta]nf gu0o ;+Vofdf dfq s';'08f efiff af]Ng ;Sg] jQmfx? / x]sf 5g\ . s]xL efiffzf:qLx?n] s';'08f efiffnfO{ ljZjsf] c? s'g} efiff jf efiff kl/ jf/ ;Fu ;DalGwt g/ x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . s';'08f efiff clxn];Dd kfl/ jfl/ s ;DaGw ul/ g;s]sf] Psn efiff dflgG5 . Psn efiff (Language isolate) sf] ?kdf lrlgg] s';'08f efiff @)%* sf] hgu0fgfdf s"n jQmf ;+Vof *& / x]sf]df @)^* sf] hgu0fgfdf s"n jQmf ;+Vof @* b]vfOPsf] 5 . o;/ L s';'08f efiff nf]k x'Fb} hfg'sf sf/ 0fx?df cGo hflt;Fu ljjfx / 3'nldn x'g, a;fO;/ fO{ ug'{ / hLjgk4ltdf cfPsf] kl/ jt{gnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . oxL ultljlwn] lg/ Gt/ tf kfof] eg] casf] s]xL jif{df s';'08f efiff d[t cj:yfdf k'Ug ;S5 .
s';'08f efiff k|frLg efiff xf] . g]kfndf efiffnfO{ hftLo lrgf/ Lsf] cfwf/ dWo] Ps k|d'v cfwf/ dflgPsf] 5 . efiff hftLo lrgf/ Lsf] cfwf/ dfq geP/ / fli6«o ;DklQ klg xf] . hftLo cl:tTj / lrgf/ L hf]ufpg dft[efiffsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf / x]sf] x'G5 . o:tf] uDeL/ ljifonfO{ xn'sf 9+un] x]l/ g' x'Fb}g . k|hftGqsf] k'gM:yf{kgf kZrft\ cflbjf;Lnufot cNk;+Vos ;d'bfodf cfˆgf] dft[efiffk|ltsf] hfu/ 0f lg/ Gt/ j[l4 ePsf] kfOG5 . g]kfnsf s]xL efiffx?sf] dfq n]Vo k/ Dk/ f ePsf] kfOP klg w]/ } efiffx?sf] n]Vo k/ Dk/ f 5}g . cToGt} Go"g cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg ePsfn] s';'08f efiff cf]em]ndf k/ ]sf] xf] . s';'08fx? 5l/ P/ ljleGg 7fpFdf a;f]af; u/ ]sfn] logLx?sf] efiff nf]k x'Fb} uO/ x]sf] 5 . w]/ }h;f] s';'08fx?n] cfkm\gf] dft[efiff af]Ng / a'em\g ;Sb}gg\\ . To;}n] 5l/ P/ / x]sf s';'08fx?nfO{ ;fd"lxs a;f]af;sf] Joj:yf ug]{ xf] eg] dft[efiffsf] k|of]u a9\g] / efiff ;+/ If0fdf 6]jf k'Ug] b]lvG5 .
s';'08fx? 5l/ P/ ljleGg 7fpFdf
a;f]af; u/ ]sfn] logLx?sf] efiff
nf]k x'Fb} uO/ x]sf] 5 . w]/ }h;f] s';'08fx?n]
cfkm\gf] dft[efiff af]Ng / a'em\g
;Sb}gg\\ . To;}n] 5l/ P/ / x]sf
s';'08fx?nfO{ ;fd"lxs
a;f]af;sf] Joj:yf ug]{ xf] eg] dft[efiffsf]
k|of]u a9\g] / efiff ;+/ If0fdf
6]jf k'Ug] b]lvG5 .
x/fpFb} …jg/fhfÚhLjgz}nLdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gn] s';'08f hfltsf] efiff / ;+:s[lt cl:tTjsf] ;+s6df 5 .
;+:s[lt
s';'08f hfltn] lzsf/ v]Ng k|of]u ug]{ wg' af0f b]vfpFb} Ko"7fg lsldrf}/sf nLnaxfb'/ s';'08f .
)%# sf] df3 dlxgf lyof] . ut] eg] dnfO{ ofb ePg . tfTsflns clvn g]kfn hg;f+:s[lts ;ª\3 / To; dftxtsf] ldld{/ ] ;f+:s[lts kl/ jf/ , bfªsf] k'gu{7g ug'{ lyof] . Tof] sfo{qmd b]pv'/ Lsf] ;'g8a/ Ll:yt vu]Zj/ cfrfo{sf] 3/ df / flvPsf] lyof] . hgo'4 ;'? ePb]lv sl/ a lgis[o / x]sf] ;ª\u7g / kl/ jf/ nfO{ Ao"F́ fP/ ultljlw ;~rfng ug'{ lyof] . Tof] e]nfn] k'gM d]/ } cWoIftfdf hg;f+:s[lts ;ª\3 / ldld{/ ] kl/ jf/ sf] k'gu{7g u/ ]sf] lyof] . / , To; sld6Ldf sd/ ]8 sdn k'g klg ;b:osf] ¿kdf / xg'ePsf] lyof] . Tolta]nfb]lv sdn;Fu d]/ f] Pp6} ;ª\u7gdf ;xsfo{ ;'? ePsf] lyof] . pxfF ljBfyL{ ;+u7gdf / d t'n;Lk'/ If]qsf] kf6L{ Pl/ of ;]qm]6/ Lsf] e"ldsfdf lyof}+ . hgo'4sf] r9\bf] qmd, ;/ sf/ L kIfsf] bdg cleofgn] lgs} 7"nf] a}+; sf9\b} lyof] . To:tf] a]nf v'Nnf¿kdf hj;sf sfd ug'{kg]{ / e"ldut¿kdf kf6L{sf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg'kg]{ r'gf}tL lgs} hf]lvdk"0f{ lyof] . h:tf];'s} hf]lvd df]n]/ eP klg hg;f+:s[lts ;ª\3sf] gfdaf6 lhNnfJofkL ;flxlTos ultljlwdf xfdL ;+nUg / xGYof}+ eg] ldld{/ ]sf] 6f]nLdfkm{t\ ;f+:s[lts ultljlw ;~rfng ub{Yof}+ .
sdnn] uLtx¿df ;+uLt eg]{ / xfdL b'a}n] ufpg] uYof}{+ . pxfFn] dfbn / lu6f/ klg ahfpg] ug'{x'GYof] . d}n] hfgL ghfgL g[Tosf] lgb]{zg uy]{+ . Tolta]nf ldld{/ ] kl/ jf/ km"n6fOd/ lyPg . ;+u7g :yfoL / snfsf/ c:yfoL lyP . lhNnfel/ sf k|ltefx¿nfO{ hDdf kf/ ]/ ljz]if cleofgx¿ rnfpFYof}+ / cleofg ;s]/ las]lGb|t uYof}{+ . clxn]sf] h:tf] tflnd ug]{, gfrx¿ sDkf]h ug]{, y'k}| afhfufhfx¿ ahfpg] s]xL klg x'Fb}gYof] . sdn / d}n] cln–cln hfg]sf] s'/ f l;sfpFYof}+ / b'O{–tLg hgf efOa}gLx¿nfO{ grfpFYof}+ . a9Lh;f] :6]h uLtx¿, k|x;g / gf6sx¿ xfd|f k|:t'lt x'Gy] . o;/ L sdn;Fu ;flxlTos ;f+uLlts sfo{qmdx¿ rnfP/ bfª lhNnfdf hgo'4sf] ljsf; ug{ / ;+u7g lj:tf/ ug]{ jftfj/ 0fdf xfdLn] ;fgf]ltgf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ u/ ]sf lyof}+ .
sdnnfO{ d}n] klxnf klg lrGby]+ . ha pxfF / f]Nkfaf6 bfª SofDk;df cWoog ug{ cfpg'ePsf] lyof], Tolta]nf d}n] sd/ ]8 kf;fªsf] efOsf] ¿kdf lrg]sf] lyPF . ljBfyL{ x'Fb}v]l/ ;~rf/ sf] sfd klg ug'{x'GYof] . bfªsf] lhNnf kf6L{af6 lr7Lkq / ;s'{n/ x¿ lnP/ d]/ f] Pl/ ofdf cfpg] / d]/ f] Pl/ ofaf6 kqx¿ lnP/ kf6L{ PrSo"df hfg] x'gfn] klg xfd|f] e]63f6 eO{ g} / xGYof] . kl5 pxfF klg v'nf ¿kdf SofDk; hfg] jftfj/ 0f aGb eof] . To;kl5 )%$ ;fnsf] d+l;/ b]lv Pl;Pd agfP/ d}n] klZrd bfªsf] Pl/ ofdf lnP/ uPF . hlta]nf d klg e"ldut eP/ Pl/ of O~rfh{ eO;s]sf] lyPF . nfdf] ;do;Dd pxfF d]/ } Pl/ ofdf d;Fu ;xsfo{ ug'{eof] . Tolta]nf klg hg;f+:s[lts ;ª\3 / ldld{/ ] kl/ jf/ nfO{ ;fy} rnfof}+ . Pl/ ofdf klg Pl;Pdx¿ / 8ANo"6L sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ ldnfP/ 5'§} snfsf/ u7g u¥of}+ . o;/ L xfdLn] ;f+:s[lts df]rf{ / kf6L{ ;+u7gx¿nfO{ ;fy;fy} ;~rfng ug]{ ub{Yof}+ .
sd/ ]8 kjg cToGt} ;f]́ f], ;/ n / ldng;f/ ldhf;sf] JolQm x'g'x'GYof] . jf:tjdf bfªdf hgo'4sf] ljsf; ug{df o'jfx¿sf] 7"nf] e"ldsf 5 . hgo'4sf] r9\bf] qmddf ;/ sf/ L kIfsf] bdg cleofgn] 5f8f 5f]l8Psf] ;fF9]sf] ¿k lnO;s]sf] lyof] . klxnf–klxnf ;/ sf/ L kIfn] / f]Nkf / ?s'ddf bdgnfO{ tLj| kf/ ]sf] lyof] . p;n] 7fg]sf] lyof] ls / f]Nkf, ?s'ddf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;dfKt kf/ ]kl5 606} vnf; x'G5 . To;}n] tL If]qdf lsnf]z]/ f ck|]zg rnfPsf] lyof] . otf kf6L{n] d'Vo If]qsf] ;'/ Iffsf nflu lj:tf/ sf] If]qdf cfGbf]ngsf] ult tLa| kfg]{ of]hgf NofPsf] lyof] . Tof] of]hgf bfªdf klg nfu" ug'{kg]{ lyof] . lj8Djgf s] eOlbof]
eg] bfªsf k'/ fgf] k':tfsf clwsf+z g]tfx¿sf] efubf}8 dlRrof] . tTsfnLg ;]qm]6/ L sd/ ]8 hgfb{g zdf{ …k|efs/ Ún] dflyaf6 bfªdf SofDk; k9\g cfPsf / bfªs} Ps sbsf x'x'{/ fpFbf o'jfx¿ 8fod08, ljdn, / f]lxt, dfwj l3ld/ ], k|bLk, ;'jf;, ljho, ;fu/ , ljsf;, a|fOg, ;/ n cflb / / f]Nkf ?s'daf6 pRr lzIff cWoog ug{ ´/ ]sf hf]bfxf o'jfx¿ sdn, l8sd, ch'{g cflbnfO{ ;+ul7t ug'{eof] / nf} ca bfªdf qmflGt ug]{ xf] eg] ltdLx¿s} e/ / ljZjf; 5 eg]/ cl3 a9fpg' eof] . cGttM oxL k':tfn] bfªdf hgo'4sf] ljsf;df dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nof] klg . oxL qmddf sd/ ]8 sdn k'g …kjgÚ klg k9fO 5f]8]/ k"0f{sfnLg x'Fb} qmflGtsf] nDa]ofqfdf xf]ldg'eof] .
kjgn] kf6L{ / g]t[Œjsf] cfb]znfO{ cToGt} lhDd]jf/ Laf]wsf ;fy kfngf ug'{x'GYof] . h:tf];'s} hf]lvd df]Ng klg tof/ x'g], h'g;'s} sfd klg k"/ f u/ ]/ / To;sf] ;sf/ fTds kl/ 0ffd lnP/ dfq} kf6L{ PrSo"df kms{g'x'GYof] . cWoog / n]vgdf klg lgs} rf;f] lbP/ cfk"mnfO{ s[ofzLn agfpg'x'GYof] . Tolta]nf Pl/ ofsf g]t[Œjx¿ PSn} lx+88'n gug]{ kf6L{sf] lgb]{zg lyof] . To;}n] kjgn] dnfO{ ;/ d tkfO{+;Fu} lx8\g] ldnfpg'xf]nf eg]/ cfu|x ug'{x'GYof] . pxfFsf] rfxgf s] lyof] eg] d;Fu lx8]kl5 j}rfl/ s :t/ sf] ljsf; ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 eGg] lyof] . Tolta]nf Pl/ of O~rfh{x¿n] cf–cfˆgf Pl/ ofx¿df ;}4flGts j}rfl/ s kf6L{ :s'n rnfpg]b]lv kf6L{ / ljleGg hj; df]rf{x¿sf ;]n / OsfO{ u7g ug]{;Ddsf] sfo{ klg ug'{ kb{Yof] . clxn]sf] h:tf] …;f;'n] a'xf/ LnfO{ cx«fpg], a'xf/ Ln] s's'/ nfO{ cx«fpg] / s's'/ n] k'R5/ 8f]nfpg]Ú l:ylt x'b}gYof] . ;fgf] eGbf ;fgf] sfdb]lv 7"n7"nf] sfd ;a} g]tf sfo{stf{n] ug'{kb{Yof] .
Tolta]nf g]tf / sfo{stf{aLr Jofjxfl/ s ¿kdf s'g} e]b 5'l§b}gYof] . 5'l§GYof] t s]jn of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{, ;ª\3if{sf] g]t[Œj ug]{ / ;du| of]hgf;Fu sfo{stf{x¿sf] laGof; ug]{ snfdf dfq . vfgkLg, cfrf/ ljrf/ , Jojxf/ , a;p7, / xg;xg cflbh:tf s'/ fx¿df ;a} ;dfg x'Gy] . o;/ L Pp6f ;j{xf/ f cfbz{ lgdf{0f ug]{ s'/ fdf sd/ ]8 kjgn] klg g]t[ŒjnfO{ cToGt} xflb{stfk"j{s ;xof]u ug'{x'GYof] . bfªsf] k"j{b]lv klZrd;Ddsf Pl/ ofx¿df sd/ ]8 kjg;Fu ;xsfo{ ubf{ pxfFnfO{ cToGt} ;xh / ;/ n JolQmsf] ¿kdf d}n] kfPsf] 5' . ;+u7g agfpFbf xf];\ jf s'g} cf}krfl/ s sfo{qmd rnfpFbf xf];\ xfd|f aLrdf w]/ } 5nkmn x'g] ub{Yof] . pxfF;Fu ;w}+ ;'vb¿kdf g} lbgx¿ laTby] .
kjgnfO{ d}n] lrGbf pxfF Ps h'́ f? ljBfyL{ g]tf, hglk|o snfsf/ / s'zn o'jf g]t[Œjsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug{;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf] sfo{stf{sf] ¿kdf a'‰by]+ . kjgn] jf:tjdf kf6L{n] h'g lhDdf lbof] Tof] lhDd]jf/ L k"/ f ug{ k|lta4tfk"j{s nfUg'x'GYof] . To;}n] pxfFn] ljBfyL{sf] bfª lhNnf cWoIf x'Fb} s]Gb|Lo ;b:o;Ddsf] e"ldsf ;kmntfk"j{s k"/ f ug'{eof] . To;}u/ L ;f+:s[lts of]4fsf] ¿kdf klg pxfF s[ofzLn x'g'x'GYof] . )%& kl5 tTsfnLg hg;f+:s[lts ;+3sf] bfª lhNnfsf] cWoIf / ldld{/ ] kl/ jf/ sf] ;+of]hs eP/ klg ;f+:s[lts ultljlwnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ clwstd k|of; ug'{eof] . bfªdf ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ngnfO{ dfly p7fpgdf klg pxfFsf] of]ubfg sd dxŒjsf] 5}g .
bfªsf] qmflGtsf/ L ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ dfly p7fpg] e"ldsf cS;/ u/ ]/ / f]Nkf, ?s'd / Ko"7fgaf6 pRr lzIff cWoog ug{ cfpg]x¿af6} x'g] u/ ]sf] 5 . ljz]iftM of] k|s[of hgo'4sf] dWosfn;Dd / Xof] . To;kl5 dfq bfªs} g]t[Œj ljsf; ePsf] xf] . kjgn] klg / f]Nkfaf6 bfªdf cWoog ug]{ qmddf bfªsf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf hf]l8P/ dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{eof] . / , ToxL+af6} hgo'4sf] / flknf] el§df k"0f{sfnLg eP/ xf]ldg'eof] klg . ljleGg hj; / df]rf{x¿sf] lhDd]jf/ L ;DxfNb} cfpg'ePsf sd/ ]8 kjgsf] kl5Nnf] qmddf lhDd]jf/ L kl/ jt{g eof] / :jf:Yo Pjd\ ;~rf/ kf]i6df lhDdf k¥of] . ToxL qmddf hgo'4sf 3fOt]x¿nfO{ pkrf/ u/ fpg ef/ t hfg] qmddf ef/ tLo k'ln;n] 3fOt] la/ fdLx?;lxt pxfFnfO{ ef/ t–g]kfnsf] ;LdfIf]qaf6 lu/ ̂tf/ u/ L g]kfn ;'k'b{uL u¥of] . g]kfnu~hdf lx/ f;tleq} s'6Ls'6L r/ d oftgf lbP/ pxfFsf] xTof u/ L u'dgfd kfl/ of] . o;/ L / f]Nkfaf6 bªfnL e"lddf cfP/ / fhgLltdf ;lqmo / x]sf Pp6f s'zn / c;n gIf]qsf] ;xfbt eof] . / , g]kfnL qmflGtdf ck"/ 0fLo Iflt x'g uof] . q
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kfl/ vf8fsf] n]vdf6f6\7} b]lvg];]tf] a}sn] 3/l5ofFncf]5\ofO/x]5g\;fnsf nfFqmfx?d]/f] cfFugaf6 b]lvg]oL b[Zox?pb]snfUbfsf] If0fhf]/ cfFvfla5\ofO/x]5g\ ToxfF;dosf] v]ncfhef]ln ToxfF kfOb}gg\a]nf}tL, ags]/f, P];]n' / s';'da'sLkm"nsf]af:gf 5g]{ kv]/Ldf6\ofS6/, 8f]h/sf ss{z xg{x?tLt]kftLsf]kfvf] klg dfl;P5t/ klgd]l6Gg /x]5 dfofbf}+t/L;Fu v]n]sfafnfkgsf 8f]ax?ljsf;sfgu/fx? aHb} ubf{w'nfDo x'G5g\ufpFa:tLx?cfsf+Iffx?ck"0f{–ck"0f{ eO/x]sf] a]nfr]tg dglab|f]x cf]sNbf]/x]5 .
g]kfn cfdf 5 ltd|f] dfof of] d]/f] 5ftLdfzflGtsf] ;Gb]z lnP/ lx8\5' ;w}+ d /ftLdf .
lxdfnsf] zL/, h+unsf] lx/f zflGtsf] vfgL 5of] b]z Ps} agfO/fvf}+ 6'lqmP xfgL 5 .
em'Sg d lbGg of] d]/f] zL/, lx8\g]5' ;fgn]ljZjdf zflGt lkmhfpg ;S5' a'4sf] 1fgn] .
efO–efOsf] n8fO{+ u/fO oxfF k/rqmL xfF:b}5a'emf}+ x} s'/f x'Gg s]xL k"/f of] b]znfO{ df:b}5 .
dg{ lg kl5 x6\g] d 5}g of] b]z arfpglxdfnsf] sfvdf a'4sf] ;fy cfdfnfO{ ;hfpg .
k"j{sf] d]rL klZrdsf] sfnL aLrdf /fktLx6\g] d x}g 8Ug] d 5}g cfOk/] cfklQ .
x'g]5 k"/f cfdfsf] ;kgf rDs]sf] lx/fem}+ldn]/ u/] b]zsf] ljsf; dfx'/L ls/fem}+ .
z/ L/ sf b'a} d[uf}nfn] sfd ug{ 5f]8]kl5 c:ktfnsf] z/ 0fdf k'Ug'ePsf] 5 bfxfn o1lglw olta]nf . w]/ } klxn]b]lv g} of] ;d:ofaf6 kLl8t bfxfn !@ jif{cl3 km]l/Psf] d[uf}nfsf] ;dofjlw ;lsPkl5 km]l/ c:ktfns} z/0fdf k'Ug'ePsf] 5 .
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;|i6fn] s[ltdf ;aeGbf klxn] k'Vof}{nL ynf]nfO{ ;lDemg k'u]sf 5g\ . :ju{åf/ Laf6 z'? u/ ]sf] ofqf b]zleqsf wfld{s :yn, ko{6sLo :yn, P]ltxfl;s :yn / ef/ tsf klg To:t} :ynx?sf] e|d0f u/ ]sf] s'/ fnfO{ ;|i6fn] cfsif{s / lzi6 efiffdf pNn]v u/ ]sf 5g\ .
cfh d]/ f] xftdf gla;{g] ;do cfOk'u]sf] 5 . of] s[ltsf n]vs Pjd\ k|sfzs wd{/ fh Gof}kfg] x'g\ . x]b}{ hfFbf of] ofqf ;+:d/ 0f / x]5 . ;|i6fn] ljleGg ;dodf u/ ]sf leGg
leGg :yfgsf] ofqf h;n] kf7snfO{ ljljw ljifodf hfgsf/ L lbPsf] 5 .
;Nofg lhNnfsf] lxjNrf–$ df hGdg'ePsf wd{/ fh Gof}kfg]sf lktf dftfsf] gfd nf]s/ fh pkfWofo / afns'df/ L pkfWofo xf] . 3/ d} afNosfnsf] lzIff cf/ De u/ ]sf wd{/ fhn] kl5 g]kfnu~haf6 cWoog k"/ f u/ ]sf] b]lvG5 . !@ jif{sf] pd]/ df lkt[:g]xaf6 ;w}+–;w}+sf nflu jl~rt ePsf wd{/ fhn] sl7g d]xgt kl/ >d u/ ]/ cfkm"nfO{ ;'of]Uo JolQmsf] k+lQmdf pEofpg ;kmn eP . @)#) ;fn a}zfv !! ut] cIfo t[tLofsf lbg dflyNnf] xnjf/ af]lwk|;fb / ljZjdfof cfrfo{sL 5f]/ L kfj{tL -h;nfO{ ;|i6f wd{/ fhn] 5f]6s/ Ldf :g]xn] kf? eGg] u/ ]sf 5g\_ ;Fu ljjfx ;DkGg eof] .
;|i6fn] kTgL kfj{tL -kf?_sf ;fy :jb]z / ljb]zsf w]/ } P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts d7dlGb/ x? / b]j:ynx?sf] cfkm\g} lzIfsx?sf ;fy z}lIfs e|d0f u/ ]sf 5g\ . oxL ofqfnfO{ a8f] dL7f] efiffdf cfsif{s 9+un] ;+:d/ 0fdfkm{t\ gla;{g] ;do s[ltdf k|:t't u/ ]sf 5g\ .
;Nofg lxjNrfsf] ljBfnodf !& jif{;Dd k|wfgfWofks eO{ k9fPsf] s'/ f n]vsn] k':tsdf JoSt u/ ]sf 5g\ . ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfdf cfa4 ePsf ;|i6fn] ;Nofgsf ;fy} bfªnfO{ klg cfkm\gf] sd{e"ld agfPsf 5g\ . ljleGg ;+:yfx?af6 k'/ :sf/ , ;Ddfg / kbs k|fKt u/ ]sf 5g\ pgn] .
kl5 kfj{tLs} k|of;df @)$( ;fndf dx]Gb| dflj t'n;Lk'/ df ;?jf eO{ cWofkg u/ fpFb} cfPsf wd{/ fh Gof}kfg]sf] hLjg / fd|f];Fu lat]sf] b]lvG5 . ljBfnosf :6fkmx?n] cg's"n ;do ldnfO{ ljleGg :yfgsf] e|d0f ;–kl/ jf/ ub}{ cfPsf]df ;|i6fsL >LdtL kf? @)^$ df3b]lv la/ fdL ePsL / cf}ifwL pkrf/ ubf{ klg lgsf] geP/ @)^^ r}t @ ut] SofG;/ sf sf/ 0f kf?sf] lgwg eof] . u[x:yL hLjg lgjf{x ug]{ gflosfsf] cefjdf gfossf] ;+;f/ cWof/ f] x'g' :jefljs xf] . o:tf cWof/ f lbgdf ;|i6fn] cfkm"nfO{ ;Gt'ngdf / fVg ;s]sf]df pgsf] a'l4dtfsf] tfl/ km ug}{k5{ .
s[ltsf] gfd …gla;{g] ;doÚ / flvPsf] 5 . of] gfd Psbd ;fy{s 5 . of] s[ltnfO{ d}n] b'O{ kf6fdf / fv]/ x]/ ]sf] 5' . Pp6f ;|i6f / kf?sf] ;xofqfsf] ;'vb kIf / csf]{ kf?sf] c:j:ytfsf] cj:yf / :juf{/ f]x0f kl5sf] kL8faf]wsf] cj:yf .
hLjg;fyL u'dfpFbf x'g] kL8faf]wsf] ;do slt si6s/ x'G5 eg]/ ;fWo g} 5}g . of] cg'ej ug]{nfO{ dfq yfxf x'g] s'/ f xf] . o:tf] si6 g afF8]/ afF8\g ;lsG5 g t ;f6\g g} ;lsG5 . / fi6«slj dfwjk|;fb l3ld/ ]n] kTgL uf}/ Lsf] b]xfGt x'Fbf b'O{ 5f]/ Lx? zflGt / sflGt ;fg} lyP . s'/ f a'em\b}gy], slxn] xfF:y], slxn] ?g] uy]{ . o;} k|;+unfO{ kTgL kL8fn] p2]lnt x'g k'u]sf l3ld/ ]n] …uf}/ LÚ sfJodf n]v]sf oL b'O{ nfOg slt dfld{s
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oL xfF;] klg b'Mv nfU5 dgdf la;]{ lg cfdf elgoL / f]P klg b'Mv nfU5 dgdf ;Dem] lg cfdf egL
slt dfld{s 5 of] egfO{ . b'Mvsf] cg'e"ltn] ?g' t l7s} xf] . t/ , v';Lsf] ;dodf dflg; xfF:5 . oxfF t xfF:bf klg ;'vfg'e"lt gx'g' s:tf] lj8Dagf Û s:tf] cfZro{ Û t/ of] oyfy{ xf], ;To xf] .
eG5g\ hGdynf] / cfdf :ju{eGbf klg dxfg\ x'G5g\ . To;} eP/ xf]nf ;|i6fn] of] s[ltdf ;aeGbf klxn] k'Vof}{nL ynf]nfO{ ;lDemg k'u]sf 5g\ . :ju{åf/ Laf6 z'? u/ ]sf] ofqf b]zleqsf wfld{s :yn, ko{6sLo :yn, P]ltxfl;s :yn / ef/ tsf klg To:t} :ynx?sf] e|d0f u/ ]sf] s'/ fnfO{ ;|i6fn] cfsif{s / lzi6 efiffdf pNn]v u/ ]sf 5g\ . To;}n] of] s[lt P]ltxfl;s, ;fF:s[lts, ef}uf]lns, ;fdflhs, wfld{s,
ko{6sLo, kof{j/ 0fLo / dfgjLo b[li6n] ubf{ k7gLo, dggLo / ;+u|x0fLo 5 .
w]/ } :ynx?sf] e|d0f ubf{ kfj{tLsf] ;xrfo{n] ;|i6fnfO{ ;'vfg'e"lt x'g' :jefljs} xf] . t/ , @)^$ df3b]lv c:j:y ePsL kfj{tLnfO{ :jf:yf]krf/ sf nflu t'n;Lk'/ , 3f]/ fxL, g]kfnu~h, nvgpm, sf7df08f}+ nufotsf ljleGg 7fpFdf nu]/ pkrf/ ubf{ klg lj1 lrlsT;såf/ f / f]u kQf nfUg g;Sbf g]kfnsf]
lgoltsf] x'/ Ln] htf–htf nfG5 pt}lt/ hfG5 of] dfG5]sf] lhGbuL . t/ slta]nf of] dfgjLo hLjgdf ah|k|xf/ x'g] xf] Tof] s'/ f s;}nfO{ klg yfxf x'Fb}g . egfOsf] dtna slta]nf cfkt ljkt kg{] xf] Tof]
s'/ f k"jf{g'dfg g} ug{ ;lsb}g . jf:tjdf x/ ]s dflg; ;'vdf / dfpg rfxG5 . t/ ;f]r]h:tf] hLjg t v} s;sf] kf] x'G5 / < lsgls ;'v b'Mv g} dfgj hLjgsf oyfy{ ef]ufO x'g\ clg hLjgofqL la;fpg] rf}tf/ L klg . t/ klg ;w}+ g} ;'v / zflGt vf]H5 dfG5] . jf:tjdf kL8fbfoL hLjgeGbf ;'vk"j{ssf] hLjg lhpg vf]Hg' c:jefljs t xf]Og . dfgjLo hLjgdf o:tf] ;f]r :jefljs} klg xf] . jf:tjdf ;'vdf dflQg' / b'Mvdf cflQg' g} Psk|sf/ sf] c;Gtf]if g} xf] . o;} k|;ª\UfnfO{ cfTdf;ft ub{} sjloqL uLtfb]jL v/ ]n -l;jfsf]6L_ cfkm\gf] sfJoefjdf JoQm ul5{g\–
gxfF:g" lbgdf s}No} cFWof/ f] / ft cfpF5g?g" / ftdf s}No} l5§} k|eft cfpF5e'S5g\ s's'/ af6f]df g;'gL lx8\g' kb{5cFWof/ f sGb/ fleq uP/ bLk afNg' 5 x'g klg of] 5f]6f] lhGbuLsf] nfdf] rfxgf
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jf:tjdf s'g} klg / f]un] cfkmGt / k/ fO eg]/ 5'6\ofPsf] x'Fb}g . cyf{t\ / f]un] of] wgL, of] ul/ a, of] o'jf, of] a[¢ s]xL klg eGb}g . o:t} / f]un] cfqmd0f u/ ]kl5 of] g]tf, of] cleg]tf, of] sd{rf/ L, of] Jofkf/ L, of] snfsf/ , of] l;h{gfsf/ of] pRr 3/ flgofF, of] lgDg juL{o s]xL klg 5'6\ofpFb}g . p;sf nflu ;a} ;dfg 5g\ . a? oL ;a}sf nflu of] / f]u clezfk aG5 / t xfdL ;a}] of] / f]ub]lv k[ys x'g rfxG5f}+ . t/ klg o;af6 sf]xL c5'tf] eg] / xg ;Sb}gf}+ . rfx] ljZjsf s'g} 7fpFdf / x] klg cNksfnLg xf]cf];\ of bL3{sfnLg ?kdf cGttM lgoltsf] ef]ufO ef]Ug afWo x'G5f}+ .
xfd|f] d'n'sdf klg sltko ;flxTo, ;+uLt, snf / ;+:s[ltsf If]qdf ;+nUg ;|i6fx¿ klg dfgjLo zq'?kL oL / f]usf qm"/ k~hfaf6 pDsg g;s]sf sxfnLnfUbf cj:yfx¿ oxfF k|z:t 5g\ . cfh log} kl/ j]zleq hul8Psf s]xL xf]gxf/ JolQmTjx¿dWo]sf Ps rlr{t ;|i6fsf] sxfnLnfUbf] jt{dfg kl/ l:yltsf af/ ]df 5f]6f] rrf{sf;fy snd rnfpg dg nfUof] .
o;/ L lgoltsf] of] sxfnLnfUbf] ef]ufO ef]Ug afWo ePsf g]kfnL efiff / ;flxTonfO{ pRrlaGb"df k'¥ofpg ;b}j k|oTgzLn Pj+ cu|h ;|i6f x'g'x'G5 bfxfn o1lglw . ljutsf jif{x¿df tLg bzs / ]l8of] g]kfnaf6 k|;fl/ t 1fgj¢{s Pj+ nf]slk|o sfo{qmd ;flxTo ;+;f/ tyf To;kl5sf lbgx¿df laleGg PkmPd / ]l8of]x¿sf Ps
s'zn sfo{qmd k|:tf]tf Pj+ ;~rfnssf] ?kdf lrlgg'x'G5 pxfF . hf] g]kfnL ;flxlTos If]qdf ;'dw'/ Pj+ sf]lsns07] :j/ sf wgL JolQmTjdf g} ulgg'x'G5 . pxfFn] af]n]sf ;flxlTos zAbx¿ dd{:kzL{, tfls{s Pj+ cy{k"0f{ x'G5g\ .
z/ L/ sf b'a} d[uf}nfn] sfd ug{ 5f]8]kl5 c:ktfnsf] z/ 0fdf k'Ug'ePsf] 5 bfxfn o1lglw olta]nf . w]/ } klxn]b]lv g} of] ;d:ofaf6 kLl8t bfxfn !@ jif{cl3 km]l/Psf] d[uf}nfsf] ;dofjlw ;lsPkl5 km]l/ c:ktfns} z/0fdf k'Ug'ePsf] 5 . em08} b'Obzs cl3b]lv d[uf}nfsf] ;d:ofaf6 pxfF kLl8t x'g'x'GYof] . ToxL ;d:ofn] !@ jif{cl3 km]l/Psf] d[uf}nfsf] klg clxn] ;dofjlw ;lsPkl5 s]xL ;do cl3b]lv / fli6«o d[uf}nf pkrf/ s]Gb| ag:ynL sf7df8f}+df pkrf/ u/ fO/ xg'ePsf] 5 .
sf7df8f}+ ePsf] a]nf ;+uLtsf/ ;Gtf]if >]i7 / d}n] ;|i6f bfxfn o1lglwnfO{ e]6\g] lgwf] u¥of}+ . clg pxfFsf] kfl/ jfl/ s ;Nnfxadf]lhd g} >fj0f !% ut] pQm pkrf/ s]Gb|df lgwf{l/ t ;dodf k'Uof}+ . la/ fdL;Fusf] e]6 Tof] klg c:ktfndf nfdf] s'/ f ug{ t s] ;Dej lyof] / < t}klg 5f]6f] ;dod} :jf:Yof]krf/ sf] l;nl;nf;Fu} ;flxlTos k|;+ult/ df]l8of}+ . cfkm" czQm x'Fbfx'Fb} klg uDeL/ efjdf lgs} g} / f]rstfk"j{s ctLtsf ofbnfO{ :d/ 0f u/ fpg'eof] . / ]l8of] g]kfndf #) jif{;Dd sfo{qmd ;flxTo l;h{gf ;~rfngsf qmddf pxfFn] p7fPsf ;dfj];L cfjfhsf s'/ fx¿
;d]t JoQm ub{} jt{dfgdf xfdL g]kfnL / }tLaf6 gful/ s ePsf]df cfkm" b+u k/ ]sf] s'/ f lgs} uf}/ j;fy pNn]v ug{'eof] .
s'/ fsfgLsf qmddf pxfFn] g]kfnsf] k|fl1s If]qsf] ?kdf / x]sf] g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgdf jt{dfgdf k|fl1s dof{bf k|lts"n ePsf] ultljlwk|lt c;Gtf]if k|s6 ub{} b'Mv;d]t JoQm ug{'eof] . ;fy} 7"nf] kl/ df0fdf g]kfnL o'jf hgzlQm ljb]lzg' kl/ / x]sf] jt{dfg sxfnLnfUbf] kl/ l:yltk|lt lrGtf JoQm ub{} hf] hxfF eP tfklg s;}n] klg cfkm\gf] / fi6« / / fli6«otf e'Ng gx'g] / cfkm\gf] efiff / ;flxTosf] pTyfgsf nflu OdfGbf/ Lk"j{s ;dlk{t / xg cfu|x;d]t ug{'eof]] .
s]xL jif{cufl8 sf7df8f}+sf] cgfdgu/ l:yt …bfxfnsf] b}nf]Ú gfds cfkm\g} lgjf; :yfgdf a:b} cfpg'ePsf bfxfn o1lglw olta]nf eg] rfjlxn / rqmky aLrdf kg{] dl08vf6f/ df / x]sf] cfkm\g} 3/ df a:b} cfpg'ePsf] 5 . o;/ L / f]u;Fu ;+3if{ ub{} afFsL hLjg :Jf:yk"j{s lhpg] cfzf af]s]sf ̂ ! jifL{o ;|i6f bfxfnnfO{ x/ t/ xn] cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 plrt ;]jf k'¥ofpFb} cfpg'ePsL pxfFsL hLjg;+lugL ;'wf bfxfn;Fu klg pxfFsf] cj:yf af/ ]df 5f]6f] s'/ fsfgLkl5 pxfFnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lb+b} ;fy} ;|i6f bfxfnsf] zL3| :jf:Yonfesf] sfdgf ub{} / k'gM l5§} e]6\g] s'/ f pxfFx¿dfem 5f]8\b} cfkm\gf] uGtJotkm{ nfUof}+ .
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hxfF–hxfF df]bLsf] ofqf ug]{ ?6 5, ToxfF–ToxfF ;/ ;kmfO s]lGb|t 5 . afFsL 7fpF h:tfsf] t:t} xf] . cfhef]ln xNsf dfq} kfgL k¥of] eg] / fhwfgLsf clwsf+z 7fpFdf xfkmkfOG6 nufP/ klg lx8\g wf} k5{ . ;/ sf/ nfO{ Jo+Uo ug{ / fhwfgLaf;Ln] 7fpF–7fpFdf ;8ssf] aLrd} wfg / f]k]sf] b[Zo klg b]lvof] . To;}n] of] b'O{ lbgsf] gf6sLo ljsf;eGbf jf:tljs / oyfy{ cj:yf kfx'gfx?nfO{ b]vfpFbf ;fGble{s x'G5 eGg] xfdLn] slxn] a'em\g] <
d}tLb]jLlt/ kmls{b} ubf{ af6f]df gofF o'uaf]w b}lgssf :tDesf/ dl0f zdf{;Fu hDsfe]6 eof] . pxfFn] nIdL;Fu Psl5g ;~rf] lj;~rf]sf] s'/ fsfgL ug'{eof] . d}n] eg] stf b]v]h:tf] klg nfU5, t/ 7Dofpg ;lsgF . kl5 o'uaf]wdf 5flkPsf] kmf]6f]sf] ofb cfof] / k|i6 lrg]+ pxfFnfO{ .
xfdL kmls{/ x]sf] af6f] df]bLhL lx8\g] ?6 lyPg . cl3 ;/;kmfO ul//x]sf] af6f] / clxn] xfdL lxl8/x]sf] af6f], b'a} sf7df08f}+s} ;8s x'g\ eGg] k|Zg plAh/x]sf] lyof] dgdf . xfdL af6f]df n8\b}, lrKn]6L v]Nb} a8f] d'l:snn] d}tLb]jLl:yt alxgLsf] 8]/ fdf cfOk'Uof}+ . km/ flsnf] agfpg c:tJo:t agfOPsf] af6f] x]bf{ of] sf7df08f}+ xf] ls xf]Og eGg] h:tf] lyof] .
sf]7fdf cfO;s]kl5 s]xL l5g enfs';f/ L u¥of}+, vfgf vfof}+ / cf–cfkm\gf] uGtJolt/ nfUof}+ .
g/ ]Gb| df]bLn] ;f]daf/ bz{g ub}{ lyP kz'kltgfysf], xfdLn] z'qmaf/ g} bz{g ul/ ;Sof}+ . pgL sf7df08f}+ emb}{ ubf{ xfdL bfªsf] uf8L rl9;s]sf lyof}+ .q
;a}n] k/ {/ {/ {=== tfnL ahfP . h'g' Dof8dsf] k|:tfj ;j{;Ddtn] kfl/ t eof] . l;l8of] ;fkn] cfkm\gf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/ ] . cfhsf] sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo lyof], afn tyf dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf] cleofgnfO{
lhNnf:t/ df ;zQm agfpg] . of] sfo{qmdsf] k|fof]hg h'g' Dof8dsf] u}/ ;/ sf/ L ;+:yfn] u/ ]sf] lyof] h;df lhNnfsf ;a} ;/ f]sf/ jfnfx?sf] pNn]Vo pkl:ylt eof] . o; a}7ssf] lg0f{ocg';f/ ef]lnb]lv g} tLgj6f 6f]nL u7g u/ ]/ lhNnfel/ v6fpg] / 3/ ]n' lx+;fdf k/ ]sf afnaflnsf tyf dlxnfnfO{ p4f/ ug]{ elgPsf]n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, lhNnf k|x/ L sfof{no, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, kqsf/ dxf;+3 tyf u}/ ;/ sf/ L ;+:yfx?af6 Ps–Ps hgf k|ltlglw;d]t ;xefuL x'g] u/ L tLgj6f 6f]nLsf] 9f“rf tof/ eof] .
cfhsf] a}7sdf ;xefuLx?n] ;+:yfsf] lgodfg';f/ sf] eQf a'em] . u}/ ;/ sf/ L ;+:yfnfO{ 8n/ df k|fKt ePsf] ;xof]uaf6 cfsif{s eQf cfp“bf] / x]5 . ;a} hgfn] eQfsf] vfd ux|'ª\uf] u/ L prfn]/ uf]hLleq xfn] . wGojfbsf] kfq algg\ h'g' Dof8d . ;a}hgf cf–cfkm\gf] uGtJolt/ nlDsb} lyP .
TolQs}df Ps hgf ;xefuLn] eg], …h'g', cfh stf hfg] xf] t l8g/ ug{ <Ú h'g' Dof8dn] 58\s] cf“vf nufp“b} elgg\, …cfh klg hfg] xf] / eGof < 3/ df ;do lbg} kfPsf] 5}g .Ú Dof8dnfO{ cfh klg l8g/ df hfg t dg nfu]s} a'lemof] t/ 3/ sf] s'/ f hf]8]/ arfp ug{ vf]lhg\ .
l8g/ sf k|:tfjs lyP clgn lszf]/ . pgn] 76\of}nL kf/ fdf elgxfn], …3/ df ;do glbP/ s] ef] t 8n/ lbPs} 5f}+ lg Dof8d .Ú of] cln Joª\UofTds hjfkm cfof] . t}klg o:tf / jfkm–hjfkm t h'g' / clgn lszf]/ aLr klxn]b]lv g} rNb} cfPsf] s'/ f xf] . b'a} hgfn] Ps–csf{nfO{ x]/ fx]/ u/ ] / cf“vfsf] Ozf/ faf6 l8g/ sf] rf“hf]kf“hf] ldnfP .
;bfem}+ clgn lszf]/ / h'g' Dof8dsf] l8g/ Ps xf]6]ndf rNof] / ftL P3f/ ah];Dd . clg b'a} hgfn] n/ a/ fpg] cf]+7x? rnfP, …u'8 gfO6 ÛÚ
/ fdk|;fbn] ;bfem}+ cfh klg / ftsf] P3f/ ah] 3/ sf] d'nu]6df uf8Lsf] xg{ ah]sf] cfjfh ;'Gof] . Tof] cfjfh pgs} >LdtLsf] uf8Lsf] lyof] . u]6sf] 9f]sf vf]Nb} / fdk|;fbn] k|ltlqmof hgfP, …cfh klg ToxL xfntdf xf] h'g' <Ú
…x]sss ltdL h}n] klg srsr u5f}{ . dlxnfx?nfO{ hjfkm nfpg x'Gg eGg] yfxf 5}g < ltdL v'?v'? cfkm\gf] sfd u/ g . 6Gg 8n/ sdfP/ lbPs} 5' . cfkm"n] klg ;f“em laxfg Ps–Ps lunf; b"w lsg]/ vfP x'G5 lg . nf]Ug]dfG5] eP/ >LdtLsf] lrof]rrf{ u/ ]sf] / fd|f] x'Gg a'em\of} <Ú / fdk|;fbn] >LdtL h'g'sf o:tf hjfkm krfO;s]sf] lyof] . pm r'krfk 9f]sf;f]sf nufP/ >LdtLsf] kl5kl5 sf]7fleq l5¥of] .
knªsf] s'gfaf6 ;bfem}+ Pp6f cfjfh bf]xf]l/ of] >LdtLsf], …d ylst 5', dnfO{ g5'g" x} cfh .Ú of] s'g} gf}nf] s'/ f lyPg / fdk|;fbnfO{ . p;n] df}g :jLs[lt hgfof] / >LdtLkl§ cfkm\gf] 9f8 kmsf{p“b} lgb|fb]jLsf] k|tLIffdf d'9fh:t} n8\of] .
…P sfG5L, d]/ f] sk8f wf]O;\ < clg Tof] lgnf] rKkndf a|; nufP/ w"nf] emf/ t . of] s:tL s]6L / }Ú5, o;a]nf;Dd s]xL sfd u/ ]sL 5}g . n x]/ d}n] lxhf] g'xfP/ afy?ddf kmfn]sf sk8f h:tfsf] t:t} 5g\ . d t o;sf huN6f gpv]nL sxf“ 5f]8\5' / Û kv g gsr/ L .Ú
sfG5L, Pp6L ul/ a kl/ jf/ sL 6'x'/ L s]6L Û
pm ;ft jif{sL x'Fbf p;sL cfdf d/ L . afa'n] sfG5L cfdf NofPkl5 p;sf] afa'sf] dfof klg r'“l8of] . To;} jif{ h'g' Dof8d sfG5Lsf] kxf8L ufp“df uPsL lyOg\ Pp6f u}/ ;/ sf/ L ;+:yfsf] vf]h sfo{sf] nflu . sfG5Lsf] Tof] bogLo cj:yf b]v]/ pgsf] dg s'“l8of] / pgn] sfG5Lsf 3/ kl/ jf/ , ufpFn]–l5d]sLx?;“u afrf ul/ g\– dfofddtf, nfngkfng, lzIffbLIff cflb OToflbsf] . h'g' ;f“Rr}sL hGd lbg] cfdfh:t} ag]sL lyOg\ / sfG5Lsf] xft 8f]¥ofp“b} NofPsL lyOg\, cfkm\gf] 3/ df ;ft jif{ klxn] .
efG5fsf]7fdf ef“8f dfem\b} u/ ]sL sfG5Ln] Dof8dsf] rsf]{–rsf]{ cfjfh ;'gL . p;sf] ;ftf] p8\nfh:tf] eof] . dfem\bf–dfem\b}sf cfwf ef“8f 5f]8]/ dflnSgL Dof8d ePlt/ uO{, y/ y/ L sf“k]sf] v'§fx? rfNb} . …xh'/ d]d;fk ÛÚ gd| :j/ df k|:t't eO{ sfG5L, Dof8dsf] cufl8 .
…t]/ f huN6f pv]n'F < Vj}+ d}n] afy?ddf kmfn]sf sk8f wf]Psf] <Ú Dof8dsf] xftn] sfG5Lsf] 6fpsf]df emlD6g k'Uof] . tKk–tKk r'lxPsf cf“;'sf yf]kf k5\ofp“b} sfG5L n;Ss n:sL afy?dlt/ .
laxfgsf] a|]skmfi6 ;s]/ h'g' Dof8d cfkm\gf] sfddf aflx/ lg:sg nflug\ pxL lxhf]sf] a}7sn] u/ ]sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ . / fdk|;fbn] 6]lnlehg vf]n] . sfG5Ln] cfkm\gf] wGbf ;s]/ g'xfpg afy?dleq l5/ L .
6]lnlehg x]bf{x]b}{ lah'nLsf] nfOg uof] . / fdk|;fb sf]7faf6 aflx/ lgl:sb} lyP, To;}a]nf sfG5L klg afy?daf6 g'xfP/ aflx/ lg:sb} lyO{ . p;sf] z/L / df k"0f{ j:q lyPg . kftnf] asf]{n] ;a} z/L / 5f]Kg vf]h]sf] h:tf] b]lvGYof] . ev{/ pbfp“bf] a}+;df r9\b} u/ ]sL, ;f]nL k/ ]sf lt3|f, k'i6 pl5l§g vf]h]sf] lgtDa / sl/ a–sl/ a afnfkgnfO{ labfO ub}{ o'jtLsf] cfs[ltdf kmlqmg vf]h]h:tf] 5ftLsf] cfsf/ lyof] sfG5Lsf] .
/ fdk|;fbnfO{ 9f]sf cufl8 b]Vg]lalQs} 8/ / nfhn] el/ Psf cf“vfx? kmgSs 3'dfO / 6fpsf] lgx'/ fO{ . / fdk|;fbsf] dgleq Psk|sf/ sf] kfkL x'/ L atf; d8fl/ g yfNof] . p;sf cf“vfn] sfG5Lsf] 5ftLdf lzsf/ ul/ / fv] / p;sf] 3f“6Laf6 ¥ofnsf] Ps 3'6\sL 3'6'Ss k]6leq l5¥of] . hldgdf uf8]sf] d'9f]h:tf] l7ª\lu|ª\u pleO/ x\of] sfG5Lsf] cufl8 . olQs}df aflx/ af6 s;}n] u]6sf] 9f]sf ahfPsf] cfjfh cfof] .
…s;nfO{ vf]Hg'ePsf] xf] <Ú / fdk|;fbn] ;f]w] .
…xfdLn] of] 3/ sf] dflnsnfO{ vf]h]sf] xf] .Ú kf“r hgfsf] 6f]nLdWo] Ps hgfn] hjfkm lbP .
…d g} x'“ eGg';\ g .Ú / fdk|;fbn] 9f]sf vf]n]/ leq k:g] cg'dlt lbPsf] ;+s]t ub}{ eg] . ;f]xL ;+s]tcg';f/ ;a}hgf 3/ leq k;] . otfptf x]/ ] . a}7s sf]7fdf ;hfP/ / fv]sf k|z+;f–kq / ljleGg k'/ :sf/ / fzL yfk]sf kmf]6f]x?n] a}7s sf]7f zf]efodfg lyof] . ;a} 6f]nL ;b:osf cf“vfx? ltg} k|df0f–kq / kmf]6f]x?dfly 3'ld/ x]sf lyP . / fdk|;fbn] km]l/ k|Zg u/ ]– …d}n] t tkfO{+x?nfO{ lrlgg lg < sxf“b]lv kfNg'eof] <Ú
/ fdk|;fbn] cfkm\gf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm kfPg . a?
csf]{ k|Zg t]l;{of] p;sf] nflu– …tkfO{+x? sf]–sf] x'g'x'G5 of] 3/ df a:g] <Ú
…d / d]/ L >LdtL dfq xf], xfd|f] 3/ sf] ;b:o . >LdtL clkm;sf] sfdn] aflx/ uPsL 5g\ . d 3/ d} a:5' . d]/ L >LdtLsf] Pp6f u}/ ;/ sf/ L ;+:yf 5 . pm of] leQfdf tkfO{+x?n] x]l/ / xg'ePsf] ;a} d]/ L >LdtLsf] pknlAw xf] . ;dfh;]jf u/ ]afkt y'k|} 7fp“af6 w]/ } k6s ;Ddflgt ePsL 5g\ pgL .Ú / fdk|;fbn] cfkm\gf] >LdtLsf] lgs} k|z+;f u/ ]/ hjfkm lbb} lyP . csf]{ sf]7faf6 s'rf] nufp“b} aflx/ cfpg nfu]sL sfG5Llt/ cf“vf uof] Pshgf 6f]nL ;b:osf] . pgL dlxnf ;b:o lyOg\ efjgf lbbL, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{nosf] k|ltlglw .
…ltdL sf] xf} gfgL <Ú…d sfG5L .Ú ;f]emf] pQ/ lbO{ p;n] .…ltd|f] csf]{ gfd 5}g <Ú…5}g . dnfO{ of] 3/ df sfG5L eg]/ af]nfpg' x'G5 .Ú
yf]/ } nfh / 8/ n] el/ Psf] :j/ df hjfkm lbO{ p;n] .
…P, To;f] eP ltdL of] 3/ sL sfG5L 5f]/ L xf} < sltdf k9\5\of} < clg cfh :s'n lsg guPsL t <Ú Ps}rf]l6 tLgj6f k|Zg al;{P lar/ LnfO{ .
…dnfO{ of] 3/ sf] d]d;fkn] ;ft jif{ klxn] d]/ f] 3/ af6 NofP/ cfpg'ePsf] xf] === .Ú p;sf] unf cj?4 eof] . cf“vfx? / ;fP . xftaf6 s'rf] km'lTsP/ e'“Odf em¥of] . sfG5Lsf cf“;'sf wf/ fx?n] ;a} k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbPsf lyP . p;n] / ft lbg kl;gf;“u clnslt dfof ;f6\5], kL8f / a]bgf;“u d'5]/ d'vdf df8 nufp“5] clg cf“;'sf wf/ fx?n] n]V5] lrNnf sf]7f / bnfgx?df . ;fob p;sf k|To]s cª\ux?n] c? klg w]/ } eGg af“sL lyof], d]d;fk gePsf] a]nf / fdk|;fbn] pm dfly ug]{ b'Jo{jxf/ sf] af/ ]df . p;sf] s'/ f ;'g]/ ;a} 6f]nL ;b:ox? efj's eP .
…c;O{ ;fk pxf“nfO{ klg lnP/ hfpm“ .Ú efjgf lbbLn] / fdk|;fblt/ ;+s]t ub}{ elgg\ . sfG5L / / fdk|;fbnfO{ lnP/ 6f]nL lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nolt/ cufl8 a9\of] .
ptf h'g' Dof8d / clgn lszf]/ n] g]t[Tj u/ ]sf] 6f]nL klg cf–cfkm\gf] If]qsf] sfd ;s]/ lhNnf k|zf;gdf ;dLIff a}7ssf] nflu cfO;s]sf] lyof] . tLgj6} 6f]nLsf] ;+o'Qm k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg]{ l;nl;nfdf l;l8of] ;fjaf6 k|ult ljj/ 0fsf] ;dLIffsf] nflu cg'/ f]w ePadf]lhd ;a}n] cf–cfkm\gf] k|ult ljj/ 0f ;'gfP .
cGTodf efjgf lbbLn] klg cfkm\gf] k|ltj]bgdf Ps hgf aflnsfsf] p4f/ u/ ]sf] pNn]v ul/ g\ . h'g' Dof8dn] Tof] p4f/ sfo{sf] lgs} k|z+;f ul/ g\ / efjgf lbbLnfO{{ wGojfb klg lbOg\ . l;l8of] ;fkn] tL kLl8t aflnsfnfO{ pkl:yt u/ fpg / kL8f lbg] kl/ jf/ nfO{ lu/ km\tf/ ug{ cfb]z lbP . cfb]zadf]lhd c;O{ ;fjn] sfG5L / / fdk|;fbnfO{ pkl:yt u/ fP . h'g' Dof8dn] cfkm\gf] klt / sfG5LnfO{ pkl:yt u/ fPsf] b]v]/ 5f“ufaf6 v;]h:tf] eOg\ . ;dLIff a}7sdf pkl:yt ;a}hgf :tAw eP .
…c;O{ ;fk bf]ifLnfO{ xTs8L nufOlbg';\ .Ú l;l8cf]sf] cfb]z eof] . c;O{n] xTs8Lsf] Pp6f dfnf nu]/ h'g' Dof8dsf] b'a} xft af“lwlbP, csf]{ dfnf nu]/ / fdk|;fbsf] xftdf klx/ fOlbP . / fdk|;fbn] cfkm\gf] klg ckLn ug{ vf]Hb} lyP– …l;l8cf] ;fa Û d lgbf]{if 5'“, lx+;f ddfly klg ePsf] 5 . h'g' dfq >LdtL algg\ t/ slxNo} d]/ L kTgL alggg\===.Ú
sfG5Lsf lgZrn cf“vfx? eljio vf]Hb} lyP . kqsf/ x? kmf]6f] lvRb} lyP .q
xf]t/fh kf}8]n
b'O{ rf/ lbgsf] sf7df08f}+sf] ofqfdf >LdtLhLn] cfh gfuk~rdLsf] lbg xf] kz'kltlt/ hfcf}+ g eg]/ k|:tfj / fVg'eof] . a;fO klg kz'kltsf] glur d}tLb]jLlt/ ePsf]n] ut z'qmaf/ laxfg} kz'klt If]qlt/ nfUof}+ . ;+of]ujz kz'kltlt/ } hfFb} u/ ]sf
o'uaf]wsL nIdL cfrfo{ / 5f]/ f cflzif;Fu af6f]d} e]6 eof] . / , ;Fu} ;a}hgf kz'klttkm{ nfUof}+ .
gfuk~rdLsf] lbg eP/ xf]nf, kz'kltdf k'Ub} ubf{ xfdLn] b]Vof}+– Pshgf a"9fn] 7"nf] uf]a/ sf] y'k|f] nufP/ dhfn] Jofkf/ ul/ / x]sf lyP . s;}n] gfu, ufO{sf] b"w, km"n k|;fbsf] Jofkf/ ul/ / x]sf lyP . >LdtLhLn] Ps af]tn ufO{sf] b"w vl/ b ug'{eof] / xfdL dlGb/ tkm{ nfUof}+ .
To;}a]nf Pshgf a"9fn] d]/ f] glhs cfP/ afa' cfh gfuk~rdL …cleif]sÚ ug]{ x}g eg]/ ;f]w] . d}n] pgnfO{ xfF;]/ g'xfPs} 5}g s] cleif]s ug'{ eg]/ hjfkm lbPF .
dlGb/ kl/ ;/ j/ k/ laxfg}b]lv o'4:t/ df ;/ ;kmfO x'Fb} lyof] . af6f]df eTs]sf kvf{nx? 6flnb} lyP . Tof] b]v]/ d}n] sf7df08f}+df a:g] cflzif / ef~hfnfO{ ;f]w]+, …o:tf] w'dwfd ;w}+ xf] ls cfh dfq} xf] <Ú
b'j}hgfn] ;Fu} hjfkm lbP, …s] sf] ;w}+ x'g' lg . kl;{ ef/ tsf k|wfgdGqL g/ ]Gb| df]bL kz'kltdf bz{g ug{ cfpFb}5g\ lg, ToxL eP/ xf] . lbglbg} o:tf] ug]{ xf] eg] t kz'klt s:tf] x'GYof] s:tf] ÛÚ
d}n] dgdg} ;f]r]+, dlGb/ h:tf] kljq 7fpFdf ;w}+el/ o:t} lgTo ;/ ;kmfO / ;'/ Iff Joj:yf eP kf] dlGb/ sf] klg ul/ df a9\g] lyof] . oqf] kz'kltgfysf] dlxdf af]s]sf] b]zn] 7"nfa8f cfpFbf dfq kz'kltgfyn] ;kmf x'g] df}sf kfpg] xfd|f] s:tf] la8Dagf Û
;'g]cg';f/ kz'klt If]qdf b'O{–rf/ lbg cl3b]lv g} ;'/ Iff Joj:yf klg lgs} s8f ul/ Psf] lyof] . ;/ ;kmfO o'4:t/ df eO/ x]s} lyof] . xfdL ltg} b[Zox? x]b}{ dlGb/ df k'Uof}+ . >LdtLhLsf] gfunfO{ b"w r9fpg] rfxgfcg';f/ xfdL ;a} h'QfrKkn 5f]8fP/ dlGb/ k|j]z u¥of}+ . sl/ a Ps 306f dlGb/ kl/ ;/ leq} latfOof], s;}n] k"hf u/ ]/ t s;}n] j/ k/ sf] b[Zofjnf]sg ub}{ .
dlGb/ sf] sd{ ;lsPkl5 afUdtLsf] lsgf/ tkm{ nfUof] xfd|f] 6f]nL . klxn]eGbf yf]/ } eP klg afUdtLsf] kfgL ;kmf;'U3/ / x]5 . x'g t 6\ofª\s/ af6 kfgL vGofP/ g'xfpg of]Uo 5 eGb} g'xfPsf] b[Zo klg xfdLn] 6]lnlehgdf b]v]s} xf] . h] xf];\, klxn]sf] eGbf afUdtL clxn] w]/ } ;kmf;'U3/ b]lvof] .
cfo{3f6sf] 7fpF–7fpFdf d"bf{x? hln/ x]sf lyP . cln cl3 k"hf u/ ]/ kmls{Psf] dlGb/ sf] kl/ j]z / d"bf{x? hln/ x]sf] cfo{3f6 Û of] cs}{ ;+;f/ h:tf] nfUYof]– Pp6f ljof]ufGt ;+;f/ Û
j/ k/ 6xlnb} ubf{ hln/ x]sf d"bf{x? x]b}{ nIdL 6f]nfO/ x]sf] b]Vof}+ . d}n] dx;'; u/ ]+– pgnfO{ rf/ jif{cl3 a|]g Xofd/ ]h eP/ lgwg ePsL cfkm\gL cfdfnfO{ oxL 7fpFdf o;}u/ L hnfPsf] ljutn] 3R3RofPsf] x'g ;S5 . d}n] pgsf] Wofg
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yf? ;d'bfosf] klxrfg / k/ Dk/ fut hLjgz}nL, / xg;xg, efiff, ;+:s[lt / snfsf] hu]gf{ ug{ / To;sf] ;Dj4{g ug{ ;f}l8of/ uflj;sf] j8f g+= ( l;;xlgofdf yf? gd"gf u|fdsf] :yfkgf ul/ Psf] xf] . oxfFsf 3/ x?nfO{ yf? ;d'bfosf k'vf{x?n] a:b} cfPsf] k/ Dk/ fut z}nLdf lgdf{0f ul/ Psf] 5 . 3/ sf] leQfdf ;d]t k'vf{x?n] lgdf{0f u/ ]sf] xft] lrq xfQL, do"/ , df5fnufot df6f]n] agfPsf] kfOG5 .
;Gtf]if blxt
clVtof/nfO{ sfd lbg] ;jfndf ;a} lgsfox? ;an / k|efjsf/L 5g\ . clVtof/ guP/} xf], uof] eg] l/Qf] xft st}af6 kms{g' kb}{g .
@6\jL6/
Narendra KC@shiningnepal
hL kmfOj u|'k l8= lkmNd k|flnn] …pOn]sf] afh]sf] kfnfdfÚ gfds rnlrq lgdf{0f ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
3f]/ fxL–^ dl;gfsf o'jf u0f]z a]naf;]n] lgdf{0f ug{ yfNg'ePsf] rnlrqsf] 5fof+sg cfufdL ebf} !% b]lv z'? x'g] k|flnn] 3f]/ fxLdf kqsf/ ;Dd]ng u/ ]/ hfgsf/ L lbPsf] xf] .
klxn]b]lv clxn];Dd ufpFdf s'nfkfgLsf] ljifodf kg]{ ;d:of, k|frLg / cfw'lgstfsf] ;+udnfO{ syfa:t' agfO{ rnlrq aGg] lgdf{tf Pj+ syfsf/ a]naf;]n] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . To:t} ufO{ uf]7fnf], d]nfkftsf ljifoa:t'nfO{ klg dgf]/ ~hgsf nflu ;dfj]z ul/ Psf] pxf“sf] egfO 5 . rnlrqsf] lgb]{zg o;cl3 ;6{ rnlrq 5n / 5naf6f]sf] lgb]{zg
pRr kxf8L tyf lxdfnL If]qdf kfOg] ax'd'No h8La'6L …of;f{Úsf af/ ]df rnlrq ag]sf] 5 . of;f{ l6Kg hfg]x?sf] b}lgsL, sl7gfO{ / r'gf}tLx?nfO{ k|m]d l;g] d]s;{sf] Jofg/ df kbf{df ptfl/ Psf] xf] .
rnlrqdf of;f{ l6Kg hfFbf x'g] sl7gfOx?,
a9L lr;f] ePsf sf/ 0f ;d:of / ToxfF x'g] rf]/ L, 8s}tL h:tf ;d:ofx? p7fg ul/ Psf] rnlrq lgdf{0f kIfsf zlQm k'g du/ n] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . of;f{ l6Kg hfFbf x'g] ptf/ r9fj, ;d:of, c;'/ Iff;Fu} of;f{ l6Kg uPsf] Pshgf o'jfsf] syf;d]t rnlrqn] ;d]l6Psf] pxfFn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] .
of;f{ vf]Hg hfFbf d[To' ePsf ?s'dsf Pshgf o'jfsf] ;To syfdf cfwfl/ t / x]/ of;f{sf ljljw kIfx?nfO{ ;d]6L rnlrq lgdf{0f ul/ Psf] rnlrq of;f{sf lgb]{zs ;'bg yfkfn] atfpg'eof] .
bLk du/ …hd{gÚ, ljho g]kfnL, v]dk|sfz
…of;f{Ú ca kbf{df
ul/ ;Sg'ePsf a;Gt hLPdn] ug'{x'g] ePsf] 5 . b;}+;Dd 5fof+sg ;lsg] / kmfu'g clGtddf
l/ lnh x'g] lgdf{0f ;d"xn] hgfPsf] 5 . rnlrqdf lbnLk / fodfemL, gjLg >]i7, ;'/ ]Gb| s];L, sdn ufp“n], u0f]z a]naf;], ;kgf / f]sf, k"hf l/ hfnnufotn] clego ug'{x'g] ePsf] 5 . rnlrqsf] ;Nofgsf ljleGg efudf 5fof+sg ul/ g] 5 .
a]naf;]n] o;cl3 lgdf{0f ug]{ eg]sf] :ju{åf/ L dxfk|e' rnlrq lgdf{0fdf d'4f k/ ]kl5 :ylut ePsf] 5 . :ju{åf/ L cf>dsf k|d'v efujtfgGb lu/ Ln] ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnodf d'2f bfo/ u/ ]sf] / dGqfnon] rnlrq ljsf; af]8{nfO{ hfgsf/ L u/ fPkl5 rnlrq lgdf{0f sfo{ / f]lsPsf] lyof] .
…pOn]sf] afh]sf] kfnfdfÚ aGg]
s'~hg ;flxlTos rf}dfl;ssf] z'qmaf/ 3f]/fxLdf nf]sfk{0f ul/Psf] 5 . s'~hg ;flxTo tyf ;f+:s[lts k|lti7fg /f]Nkfåf/f k|sflzt s'~hg ;flxlTos rf}dfl;ssf] /fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifb\sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf k'?iff]Qd vgfnn] nf]sfk{0f ug'{ePsf] xf] .
/fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifb\ bfª zfvfsf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf ;flxTosf/ o1axfb'/ 8fFuL / 6Lsf a:g]tn] klqsfsf] ;dLIff ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;dLIfsåo 8fFuL /
;w}+ lstfa k9]/ 3/ kms{g] l;4/Tggfy gd'gf pRr dflj gf/fo0fk'/sf ljBfyL{n] z'qmaf/ sljtf ;'g]sf 5g\ . sn]hsf ljBfyL{nfO{ sljtf n]vgtkm{ cfslif{t ug]{ p2]Zon] ;~rflnt sn]h sljtf cleofgcGtu{t pRr dflj gf/fo0fk'/df sljtf jfrg / 5nkmn ul/Psf] xf] .
sn]h sljtf cleofgsf cleoGtfx? gjLg clenfifL, 3gZofd cl:tTj / lji0f' ;Gof;n] b]zk|]d, hLjg bz{g / k|]defjsf ljifodf n]lvPsf sljtf jfrg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf cleoGtfx?n] ;dsfnLg ;flxTodf /fKtLsf] pkl:ylt alnof] x'g g;s]sf] eGb} ca ;flxTonfO{ cleofgs} ?kdf n}hfg'kg]{ atfPsf lyP .
sfo{qmddf jflrt sljtfsf] ;dLIff slj o1axfb'/ 8fFuL / ;flxTosf/ ;l/tf b]jsf]6fn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;dLIffsf qmddf b]jsf]6fn] casf] ;flxTosf] ljsf; gofF k':tfn] ug{ ;Sg'kg]{ atfpg' eof] . o:t} csf{ ;ldIfs 8fFuLn] cleofGtfx?n] dWoklZrds} k|ltlglwTj ug'{kg]{ atfpg' eof] .
pRr dflj gf/fo0fk'/sL sIff !! df cWoog/t 5fqf s[i0fL 3tL{sf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf ljBfnosf ! ;o %) a9L ljBfyL{ ;xefuL ePsf lyP . sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0f kqsf/ k|zfGt jnLn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;b/ d'sfd 3f]/ fxLb]lv ^ lsld klZrd–blIf0f ;f}l8of/ uf=lj=;= j8f g+= ( l;;xlgofdf b'O{ ;o a9L 3/ w'/ L / x]sf] a:tL 5 . l;;xlgof ufpFdf b'O{–rf/ 3/ afx]s ;a} yf? ;d'bfosf] a;f]af; / x]sf] 5 . ToxL ufpFsf] blIf0flt/ vf]nfsf] lsgf/ df / x]sf] 5– yf? gd"gf u|fd .
k/ Dk/ fut z}nLdf kfFr j6f …afF/ fÚ 6x/ f 3/ lgdf{0f ul/ Psf] 5 . 3/ sf] pQ/ kl§ b'O{j6f kf]v/ L agfOPsf] 5 eg] k"j{lt/ ;fgf] agIf]q 5 . kf]v/ Ldf df5f kflnPsf] 5 . klZrdlt/ s/ ];faf/ L / x]sf] 5 . s/ ];faf/ Ldf a]df};dL t/ sf/ L v]tL ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ yf? gd"gfu|fdsf] / ]vb]v ug{]n] .
3f]/ fxLaf6 a; r9]/ $% ldg]6df k'Ug ;lsg] / df]6/ ;fOsndf cfwf 306fd} k'Ug ;lsg]
l;;xlgofFnfO{ yf? gd"gf u|fdsf] ?kdf ko{6sLo uGtJo lgdf{0f ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5 .
yf? ;d'bfosf] klxrfg / k/ Dk/ fut hLjgz}nL, / xg;xg, efiff, ;+:s[lt / snfsf] hu]gf{ ug{ / To;sf] ;Dj4{g ug{ yf? gd"gf u|fdsf] :yfkgf ul/ Psf] xf] . oxfFsf 3/ x?nfO{ yf? ;d'bfosf k'vf{x?n] a:b} cfPsf] k/ Dk/ fut z}nLdf lgdf{0f ul/ Psf] 5 . 3/ sf] leQfdf ;d]t k'vf{x?n] lgdf{0f u/ ]sf] xft] lrq xfQL, do"/ , df5fnufot df6f]n] agfPsf] kfOG5 . h;nfO{ gd"gf yf?u|fd egL lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt bfªaf6 3f]if0ff eO;s]sf] 5 . gd'gf yf? u|fddf uPkl5 yf? ;d'bfosf] klxrfg …;}bfgÚ b]Vg kfOG5 .
gd'gf yf? u|fddf yf? ;d'bfosf] k/ Dk/ fut
rfnrng, / Lltl/ jfh, vfglkg, k"hfcfhf / gfrufg;d]t b]Vg kfOG5 . To:t}, oxfF k/ Dk/ fut ;fdu|Lx? wfg s'6\g] 9]sL, bfn lk:g] rsLof, df5f dfg{] x]Nsf, hfn, df5f aNemfpg] vf]ª\Uof, df5f / fVg] 8]Nof / flvPsf] 5 . To;}u/ L a}7s sf]7fsf] pQ/ kl§sf] leQfdf s[i0f hGdfi6dLsf] lbg s[i0f eujfgnufot ljleGg yl/ sf tl:j/ x? / ª\uLg sn/ df b]Vg kfOG5 . To;}ul/ ;'Tg] sf]7fdf n'uf / fVg] k'vf{n] k|of]u ub{} cfPsf] …ef}sfÚdfly em'08\ofPsf] 5 . ToxL 3/ df cfjf;Lo?kdf hfg] ko{6sx?nfO{ a:g], ;'Tg] Joj:yf ul/ Psf] kfOG5 . gd"gf yf? u|fdnfO{ b]vfpgsf] nflu dfq geP/ Jojxf/ df ;d]t NofPsf] kfOG5 . gd"gf yf? u|fdnfO{ ko{6sxx?sf] nflu yf? kl/ sf/ sf] klg Joj:yf;d]t ul/ Psf] kfOG5 . yf? kl/ sf/ df
…s'~hgÚ rf}dfl;ssf] nf]sfk{0f
8¥of eft, pHh/ eft, bfn, l;GsL, sKjf, df5f, u'Noxf/ 3f]ª\uL, gDdf 3f]ª\uL, u+u6f, ;'+u/ sf] df;', nf]sn rNnfsf] df;', nufotsf] vfglkg pknAw u/ fOG5 . To;}ul/ lr;f] df/ , tftf] df/ , hfF/ s emf]n, cGbL hfF/ sf] emf]n, 5Ajf hfF/ , lxxf]¥jf hfF/ / / S;L klg kfOG5 . Tolt dfq geP/ ko{6sx?sf] dfu cg';f/ ahf/ df kfOg] km/ s cfO6dsf vfglkgsf] klg Joj:yf ub{} cfPsf] gd"gf yf? u|fdsf cWoIf a]emnfn rf}w/ L atfpg'x'G5 .
yf? gd'gf u|fddf cfjf;Lo ?kdf hfg] ko{6sx?nfO{ yf? ;d'bfosf] ;+:s[ltdf cfwfl/ t d3f}6f, 5f]qmf, x'/ b'FVUof, ;+Vof, bz}sf] k}ofnufotsf gfrx? b]vfOG5 . gd"gf yf? u|fddfkm{t\ yf? ;d'bfosf] klxrfg / cl:tTj sfod ub}{ c?nfO{ klg yf?x?sf] kl/ ro lbg vf]lhPsf] 5 . To:t}, gd"gf yf? u|fd yf? ;d'bfosf] / xg;xg, njfOvjfOsf ;fy} pgLx?sf] af/ ]df cWoog ug{] dfWod ag]sf] 5 . p;f] t cfkm\gf] ;+:s[lt e'Nb} uPsf yf? ;d'bfosf o'jfx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] klxrfgsf] af/ ]df hfgsf/ L lng], ynf] klg aGg ;S5 gd"gf yf?u|fd .
kl5Nnf] ;dodf yf? efiff, njfO–vjfOb]lv yf?x?sf] e]ife'iff, ;+:s[lt, gfrufg nf]k x'Fb} uO/ x]sf] a]nf l;;xlgof ufpFsf ;Dk"0f{ yf? ;d'bfon] cfkm\gf] ;+:s[lt arfpgsf] nflu k/ ]sf 5g\ .
gd"gf yf? u|fdnfO{ Jofks k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ ;s]df bfªsf] nflu dfq geP/ dWoklZrds} nflu / fd|f] ko{6sLo :yn aGg ;S5 .
p;f] t kl5Nnf] ;dodf yf?u|fddf :jb]z tyf ljb]zaf6 yf? ;d'bfosf] / xg;xg, hLjgz}nL, snf ;+:s[lt cWoog ug{ cfpg]x?sf] ;+Vof a9\b} uPsf] 5 . afXo tyf cfGtl/ s ko{6sx?sf] plrt Joj:yfkg / k|rf/ k|;f/ sf] cfjZostf b]lvG5 . cem}+ gd"gf yf?u|fddf yf? ;+u|xfno / xf]d:6] ;~rfng ug{ ;s] lhNnfs} ultnf] ko{6sLo uGtJo aGg ;S5 .q
a'9f, a/ k|;fb k'gsf] lgdf{0f / x]sf] rnlrqsf] lgb]{zg ;'bg yfkfn] ug'{ePsf] 5, eg] zlQm k'g du/ sf] 5fofª\sg / a;Gt 3tL{ du/ sf] ;Dkfbg / x]sf] 5 . ?s'dsf] d}sf]6, n's'd, afl5ufpF, k'kfn, 8f]Nkfnufotsf If]qdf rnlrqsf] 5fofª\sg ul/ Psf] 5 .
rnlrqsf snfsf/ df sljtf yfkf, ;'bg yfkf, bLk a'9f du/ , ;GWof v8\sf, ljho g]kfnL nufot / xg'ePsf] 5 .
b[li6ljxLgx?sf] ;xof]u:j?k rnlrq of;f{nfO{ oxL ebf} @! ut] 3f]/ fxLl:yt lgdf rnlrq dlGb/ df Rofl/ 6L zf] ul/ g] zlQm k'g du/ n] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] .
a:g]tn] klqsfsf] :t/ /fd|f] ePsf] rrf{ ub}{ lg/Gt/tfsf] z'esfdgf JoSt ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
kl/ifb\ bfª zfvfsf cWoIf sdndl0f b]jsf]6fsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf klqsfsf k|wfg ;Dkfbs lji0f' ;Gof;n] klqsf k|sfzgsf] cfjZostfsf af/]df af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0f /fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifb\ bfª zfvfsf ;lrj bLks zdf{ …;dL/Ún] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
km'r'ª\u|L M plxn]–plxn] …r/ L d¥of] lzz}sf] uf]nLn]Ú eGg] uLt ;'lgGYof] sfsf . cfhef]lnsf r/ L t k'ln;sf] uf]nLn] kf] dbf{ / }Ú5g\ lg <
sfsf M To} t eGg'kg]{ ef] km'RrL . cultnf dfG5]sf klg gfOs] x'g\ / ] r/ L . dg{ t dg}{kg]{ dfG5] x'g\ c/ ] t/ k'ln;n] lgoGq0fdf lnO;s]kl5 bf]xf]/ f] le8Gtsf] axfgf agfPsf] eg]/ xNnf rNofÚ5 km'RrL . To} eg]/ t]/ f s]kL cf]nL dfsf{sf dfG5]x? a'?Ss–a'?Ss plk|m/ x]sf 5g\ Sof/ ] .
km'r'ª\u|L M To} t eGof sfsf . uf]nL nfUg] r/ LnfO{, dg]{ klg r/ L . 3fOt] x'g]rflx+ s]kL cf]nL / pgsf] kf6L{ . d}n] t s'/ } a'em]g sfsf <
sfsf M o:t} xf] km'RrL . …ltdL km'No} st}, d km'n]+ st}, hxfF km'n] klg ;'uGw t ldNbf] / x]5Ú eGg] uLt To;} n]lvPsf] / }Úg5 . uf]nL nfU5 st}, uf]nLn] u'08fsf klg gfOs] d5{g\ st}, 3fOt] eP/ plk|mG5g\ sf]xL st} Û logLx?sf] nLnf ck/ Dkf/ / a'lemg;Sg' 5 km'RrL . …ghfg] ufpFsf] af6} g;f]Wg"Ú eg]em}+ r"k nfu]/ cfkm\gf] lstfa k9]/ a;\ km'RrL . a'lem;\ <
km'r'ª\u|L M Tof] t xf] sfsf . t/ , Pdfn]af6} ;efd'v ag]sf ;'jf; c+snn] ?lnª u5{g\, Pdfn]s} ;ef;b\n] lgodfklQ u5{g\ clg Pdfn]s} pkfWoIf;d]t / x]sf u[xdGqL afdb]j uf}td rflx+ l;w} k'ln;sf] arfp u5{g\ . x'Fbf–x'Fbf t logLx?s} kl§sfn] wflbª aGb klg u/ ] / ] Û logsf s'/ fsf] km]b6'Kkf So} ga'em]/ l/ ª\u6f kf] nfUg yfNof] d]/ f] t .
sfsf M s;}nfO{ ;fFlRrs} rf]6 nfu]sf] xf]nf km'RrL, s;}nfO{ gf6s ug'{ k/ ]sf] xf]nf . lrrL klg d]/ }, kfkf klg d]/ }, cfkm} wfdL cfkm} emfFqmL ;a} aGg'k/ ]sf] xf]nf . t]/ f s]kL c+sn cWoIf ePkl5 lnª\u klxrfg eof] eGy] dfG5]x? . d a"9fnfO{ t x}g ls h:tf] kf] nfUg yfNof] ca . ls s;f] <
km'r'ª\u|L M x}g, xfd|f] g]kfndf s'g} rf8kj{ glhs} cfpg yfNof] ls Sof xf] < xfd|f k|x/ L c+snx? a8f] s8fO / nugsf ;fy l;6\7L lkm/ {== lkm/ {=== kfb}{ ;jf/ L ;fwgsf] r]shfFrdf tNnLg b]lvG5g\ t <
sfsf M pkm ÛÛÛ s] s] ;f]W5] of] km'r'ª\u|L klg <<<ÛÛÛ