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t'n;Lk'/, ! k'; . g]kfnsf];'ud lhNnfdf kg{] Pp6f lhNnf bfª klg xf] . bfª lhNnf ;'ud ePkl5 ;a} ;'ljwf 3/–3/df kfPsf] cg'dfg ;a}sf] x'g;S5 . Tof]:jfefljs klg xf] . t/ lhNnfsf]Pp6f ;'ud If]q csf{] zAbdf eGbf ;a} bnsf] /fhgLlts g]t[Tj /x]sf]uflj;df clxn] klg Pp6f h?jfsf]e/sf l;+uf] ufp“ cfl>t 5 .
lhNnfsf] x]s'nL uflj;sf];nf}/f ufp“sf Ps ;o !% 3/kl/jf/ ufp“sf] k'5f/df /x]sf]Pp6f h?jfaf6 wflgPsf] 5 . …kfgLsf] ;d:of 5, vfg] kfgLsf];|f]t oxL dfq} xf], ufp“sf Ps ;o !% 3/n] Pp6} h?jfdf nfOg nfu]/kfgL vfg'kg{] cj:yf cfPsf] 5Ú– :yfgLo cu'jf 6+sk|;fb cfrfo{n]eGg'eof]– …z'4 kfgL vfg] eGbf klg s;/L kfgL kfpg] eg] lrGtf x'G5 .Ú pxf“n] k"/ } ufp“ Pp6} s'jfaf6 kfgL lnbf nfOgdf a:g'kg{] / laxfg} $ ah] h?jfdf nfOg a:g cfpg' kg{]cj:yf /x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
…ufp“n]n] vfg]kfgLb]lv ufO{a:t'nfO{ v'jfpg] kfgL, g'xfpg], sk8f w'g] / ef“8f dfem\g];Ddsf]kfgL oxLsf] k|of]u x'g] u/]sf]
atfpg'eof] . oxL h?jfdf oxL uflj;af6 xfdLn] w]/ } g]tf klg hGdfPsf 5f} + t/ klxn]b]lv g}kfgLsf] cefjsf] ;'g'jfO ePgÚ– pxf“n] eGg'eof] .
:yfgLo /fhgLltsdL{ s]zj cfrfo{n] ufp“df vfg]kfgLsf];d:of ePsf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n];+/If0f u/L 6+sL lgdf{0f u/]df ;a}sf] 3/–3/df wf/f hf]8\g ;lsg]atfpg'eof] . …;a}n] kxn u/]df ;a}sf] 3/df kfgL k'Ug] lyof] . clxn]h:tf] h?jfdf cfP/ kfgL lng] ca:yfnfO{ 6fg{ ;lsG5 .Ú pxf“n] ljleGg lgsfodf o;sf]nflu kxn eO/x]sf] atfpg'eof] . /]8qm;sf] ;+/If0f of]hgf
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Ps ;o !% 3/n] kfgL vfO/x]sf]h?jfsf] ;+/If0f / ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf nflu g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L bfªn] of]hgf ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . :yfgLo gful/snfO{ ;xh ?kdf z'4 vfg]kfgL pknAw u/fpg] of]hgfcGtu{t h?jfsf];+/If0f / k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug{ nfluPsf] /]8qm;n] atfPsf] 5 .
/]8qm;, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, ufp“ ljsf; ;ldlt / vfg]kfgL l8lehg sfof{nosf] ;+o'Qm nufgLdf d'xfg ;+/If0f of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ nfluPsf] /]8qm;sf lhNnf sfo{qmd ;+of]hs lj>fd clwsf/Ln]hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxf“n] l;OPrkL g]kfnu~hsf] ;xeflutfdf /]8qm; bfªn] @ nfv ## xhf/, vfg]kfgL
l8lehgn] ! nfv, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] @) xhf/ / ufp“ ljsf; ;ldltn] % xhf/ ?k}of“sf] nfutdf d'xfg ;+/If0f of]hgf ;~rfng ePsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxf“n]:yfgLox?sf] ;d]t o;df nufgL /x]sf] jtfpg'eof] . ;+/If0f of]hgfcg';f/ d'xfgsf] tf/jf/ /kvf{n nufpg], ToxL If]qdf ^ j6f x\of08 kfOk /fVg] / g'xfpgsf nflu jfy?d ;d]t lgdf{0f ul/g]clwsf/Ln] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
:yfgLo:t/df vfg]kfgLsf];d:of ePsf] s'/f ;'g]/ To;nfO{ Jojl:yt u/]/ z'4 vfg]kfgL v'jfpg]p2]Zon] of]hgf ;~rfng u/]sf]/ ]8qm; zfvf ;efklt gf/fo0f cfrfo{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxf“n] o;af6 k|ToIf?kdf gful/s nfeflDjt x'g] cfzf JoQm ug'{eof] . ;+/If0fsf] of]hgf cfPkl5 :yfgLox? ;d]t v'zL ePsf 5g\ . …xfdL cToGt v'zL ePsf 5f} +Ú– d'xfg ;+/If0f pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf cWoIf e/taxfb'/ rf}w/Ln] eGg'eof]– …ca 6+sL lgdf{0f u/L 3/–3/df wf/f hf]8g kfP cem v'zL x'g] lyof] . of]hgf cfPkl5 ;a} pkef]Qmf lgdf{0f sfo{df h'6]sf 5f}+ . pxf“sf cg';f/sf]6]zg vf]Ng]b]lv df6f] vGg];Dd sfd pkef]Qmfn] g} u/]sf 5g\ .
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uf]vf{ klAns xl:k6n k|f=ln=3f]/fxL–!!, bfª kmf]g M )*@–%^#$!$
uf]vf{ klAns xl:k6n k|f=ln= nf]xf;'/ 3f]/fxLdf d'6'sf ck|]zg u/]sf jf cGo sf/0faf6 jf/kmfl/g cf}iflw vfO/x]sf lj/fdLx?nfO{ hoGtL d]df]l/on 6«i6 sf7df8f}+ dfkm{t\ lgMz'Ns cf}iflw pknAw u/fOg] ePsf] x'“bf ;DalGwt lj/fdL jf cfkmGthgn]s] slt dfqfsf] cf}iflw ;]jg u/]sf] xf] ;f] sf] sfuhkq ;fy ;Dks{ /fVg'x'g hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . 6«i6sf cg';f/ z'?sf ^) hgf lj/fdLsf] lk6L cfO{=Pg=cf/= lgMz'Ns hf“Fr ul/g]5 / Tokl5 Go"gtd d"Nodf lgoldt PTINR hfF“r ;]jf klg pknAw x'g]5 .
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sf7df8f} +, ! k'; . ;+j}wflgs /fhgLlts ;Djfb tyf ;xdlt ;ldltn] k]z u/]sf]k|ltj]bgdfly 5nkmn hf/L /x]sf] 5 . ;f]djf/b]lv z'? ePsf] 5nkmn d+unjf/ klg hf/L /x\of] .
;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL @)&) cg';f/;f]djf/b]lv 5nkmn z'? ePsf] lyof] . 5nkmndf efu ln“b} ;Qf?9 bnsf g]tfx?n] k|ltj]bg km]l/;ldltdf k7fpg gx'g] atfPsf 5g\ .
sfg"g, Gofo, ;+ljwfg;ef tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqL tyf g]kfnL sf+u|]; g]tf g/xl/cfrfo{n] cfufdL df3 * ut]leq ;+ljwfg hf/L ug] { ;a} bnsf] ;f´f ;xdlt ePsfn] o;sf nflu bnn] yk /fhgLlts k|lta4tf hgfpg'kg] { atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] ;+ljwfg;efn] g} ;+ljwfgsf ;a} ljifoa:t' 6'+uf] nufpg] atfp“b} ;xdlt ;ldltsf ;efkltn] k|ltj]bg k]z ubf{ JoQm ePsf cleJolQmcg';f/ ca ;+ljwfg;efn] g};xdlt lgsfNg'kg] {df hf]8 lbg'eof] .
Pdfn] pkfWoIf ljBfb]jL e08f/Ln] gof“ ;+ljwfgsf d'Vo laifoj:t' /fHosf] k'gM;+/rgf, zf;sLo :j?k, Gofo / lgjf{rg k|0FfnLsf ljifodf ;xdltsf nflu clwstd k|of; ug'{kg] { / ;xdlt geP ;+ljwfg;efaf6} lgsf; vf]Hg'kg] { atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] ca klg ;xdlt ;ldltdf
;+ljwfgsf ljjflbt ljÈodf ;xdlt h'6fpg 5nkmn ug'{eGbf ;+ljwfg;efn] g} ljjflbt ljifonfO{ 6'+Uofpg'kg] { atfpg'eof] .
Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf xl/af]n uh'/]nn]gof“ ;+ljwfg ;xdltsf] b:tfj]hsf ?kdf cfpg'kg] { eGb} cGtl/d ;+ljwfg hf/L ePh:t} ;a} bnsf] ;xdltdf ;+ljwfg hf/L x'g'kg] { atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ax'dtLo k|0FfnLaf6 ;+ljwfg hf/L ug] { v]n ePdf cfkm"x?nfO{ cdfGo x'g] atfp“b} ;+ljwfgsf ljjflbt ljifodf ;xdlt vf]Hg] clg k|lqmofdf klg hfg] eGg] bf]xf]/f] s'/f ;Qf?9 bnx?n] ul//x]sf] cf/f]k nufpg'eof] .
dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d g]kfnsf cWoÔ pk]Gb| ofbjn] gof“ ;+ljwfg n]vgsf nflu clxn]g} ;xdltsf k|of; cGTo geO;s]sf] atfp“b} ;a}bnn] lbPsf ;'´fjnfO{ ;ldltdf g} 5nkmn ul/g'kg] { atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] ljutsf ;xdltnfO{ 6]s]/ ;xdltsf nflu k|of; hf/L /fVg'kg] { atfp“b}ljutsf ;xdlt pN6\ofpg] / gdfGg] xf] eg] gof“ ;xdlt aGg g;Sg] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] .k|r08–lrlgof“ pkdGqL e]6
g]kfn e|d0fdf /x]sf lrlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] cGt/f{li6«o ljefusf pkdGqL 5g kmªul;oª / PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf cWoÔ k'iksdn bfxfnaLr d+unjf/ e]6jftf{ ePsf] 5 . k|r08 lgjf; nflhDkf6df ePsf] e]6jftf{df b'O{
kf6L{aLr ;DaGw ;'wf/, g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofnufotsf ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf] 5 . k|r08;“usf] e]6jftf{df lrlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ cGt/f{li6«o ljefusf pkdGqL 5g kmªul;oªn]g]kfndf ;dod} ;+ljwfg hf/L xf];\ eGg] rLgsf]rfxgf /x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
e]6df ;xefuL Pdfcf]jfbL dxf;lrj s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fn] b'O{ g]tfaLr ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f / zflGt k|lqmofsf af/]df 5nkmn ePsf]atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] g]tf 5ªn] ;g\ @)!% df ;do ldnfP/ cWoÔ k|r08nfO{ rLg e|d0fsf]lgDtf] lbPsf] atfpg'eof] . rf/lbg] e|d0fdf cfPsf] lrlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] k|ltlglw d08nn] g]skf–dfcf]jfbLsf cWoÔ df]xg j}BnfO{ klg e]6]sf] 5 . ;'s'Djf;L cfof]unfO{ sfd /f]Sg cfb]z
;jf] {Rr cbfntn] ;'s'Daf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]unfO{ tTsfn cfkm\gf sfdx? oyfl:yltdf /f]Sg cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L u/]sf]5 . GofofwLz bLks/fh hf]zL / rf]n]Gb|zdz]/ha/fsf] Ohnf;n] b'a} kÔsf] 5nkmn geP;Ddsf nflu xfn ul//x]sf ;Dk"0f{ sfd /f]Sg eg]sf] xf] . clwjQmf rGb|dl0f kf}8]nn] cfof]u u7gsf] j}wflgstf gb]lvPsf]eGb} ;jf] {Rrdf d+l;/ @) ut] l/6 bfo/ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
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3f]/fxL, ! k'; . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfª zfvfn] cfkm\gf] @@ cf} + :yfkgf lbj; ljljw
sfo{qmd u/L dgfpg z'? u/]sf] 5 . rf/lbg;Dd :yfkgf lbj; dgfpg nfu]sf] kqsf/dxf;+3 bfªn] d+unjf/ 3f]/fxLdf k|eftkm]l// ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] pkof]uaf/] cGtlqm{of u/]sf] 5 .
kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf ;+:yfks cWoIf gf/fo0fk|;fb zdf{n] :yfkgf lbj; pb\3f6g ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f] qmddf pxf“n] kqsfl/tf hl6n / ;zQm k]zf ePsfn]lgeL{s / lgikIf9+uaf6 sfd ug{ kqsf/x?nfO{ cfu|x ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
dxf;+3sf] ejgaf6 lgsflnPsf]k|eftkm]l/n] 3f]/fxL ahf/ kl/qmdf u/L dxf;+3s} ejgdf k'u]/ ;fdflhs ;~hfn /;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjsf ljifodf 5nkmn u/]sf]xf] . ;f] qmddf ;fdflhs ;~hfn km];a's, 6\jL6/, Anusf ljifodf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] .
dxf;+3sf cWoIf ;'bLk uf}tdsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0f ;x;lrj l8NnL dNnn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
leS6f]l/of / dfs{ OG6/g]zgn sn]h 3f]/fxLsf laBfyL{ / kqsf/x?sf] ;xeflutfdf ePsf] k|eftkm]l/kl5 ;~rf/sf gof“ cfofdsf ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf] xf] . kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf ;x ;lrj l8NnL dNn / sf]iffWoIf /f]zgdfg >]i7n] km];a's, 6\jL6/ / Anusf]k|of]un] ;dfhdf kfg] { k|efjsf ljifodf hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] lyof] . cGtlqm{ofsf]z'ef/De dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o chobLk zdf{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . :yfkgf lbj;s}cj;/df cfh a'wjf/ sf]Onfaf;df k'u]/ To; If]qsf] ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf pkfo ljifos 5nkmn ug] { sfo{qmd /x]sf] sfo{qmd ;+of]hs lgd';+ud 3tL{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . To:t}laxLjf/ 3f]/fxLdf /Qmbfg / z'qmjf/ $ ut]a[xt\ 5nkmnsf ;fy} ;Ddfg, k'/:sf/ ljt/0f / ;dfkg ug] { sfo{qmd /x]sf] dxf;+3sf cWoIf ;'bLk uf}tdn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
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3f]/fxL, ! k'; . ;/sf/n]of}g zf]if0fdf k/]sf afbL dlxnfx?nfO{ k'g:yf{kgf ug] { ;xdlt u/] klg sfof{Gjog gu/]sf] eGb} tTsfn sfof{Gjog ug{ dfu u/]sf 5g\ . bfªsf]3f]/fxLdf b'O{ lbg;Dd rn]sf]afbL dlxnfx?sf] rf}yf] /fli6«o
;Dd]ngn] o:tf] dfu u/]sf]xf] .
;Dd]ngn] gf}a'“b] 3f]if0ffkq hf/L ub} { klxnf] a'“bfdf oxL dfunfO{ cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . …jfbL ;d'bfodf /x]sf] afWofTds of}g zf]if0f cGTo ePsf]3f]if0ff / of}g zf]if0fdf k/]sf dlxnfx?sf] k'g:yf{kgfsf nflu ;/sf/n] @)^% k'; @# ut]
dlGqkl/ifb\af6 u/]sf] lg0f{o zL3| sfof{Gjog ul/of];\Ú– 3f]if0ffkqdf elgPsf] 5– …g]kfn ;/sf/ / /fli6«o afbL clwsf/ ;+3if{ ;ldltaLr @)^$ c;f]h @* ut] ePsf]b'O{a'“b] ;xdltkZrft sfo{bnn]u/]sf] l;kmfl/; k|ltj]bg klg sfof{Gjog ul/of];\ .Ú
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3f]/fxL, ! k''; . /fKtLs}Psdfq /Qm ;~rf/ ;]jf s]Gb| 3f]/fxL bfª -An8 a} +s_ ;xof]uL bftfx?sf] kvf{Odf 5 . :t/f]Ggltsf nflu ut jif{b]lv lgdf{0f z''? ul/Psf]s]Gb|sf] ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ clxn]cfly{s cefjdf /f]lsPsf] 5 .
s]xL ;do klxn] An8 a} +ssf] :t/f]Ggltsf nflu s]Gb|n] ;~rfng u/]sf] bftf cfly{s ;xof]u ;+sng cleofgaf6 ejgsf] dflyNnf]tnf yKg z''? ul/Psf] eP klg bftfx?af6 ;+slnt /sd
;lsPkl5 ejg lgdf{0fsf] sfd aLrd} /f]lsPsf] /Qm ;~rf/;]jf s]Gb| 3f]/fxLn] hgfPsf]5 . …ejgsf] tnf dfq}p7]sf] 5, cfly{s cefjsf sf/0f clxn] sfd /f]lsPsf]5Ú– s]Gb|sf O~rfh{ lbnLk Gof}kfg]n] eGg''eof] . pxf“sf cg'';f/ bftfx?af6 ;+slnt kf“r nfv / yk C0f u/L s/Lj !) nfvsf] nufgLdf em08}afx| jif{ k'/fgf] ejgdfly tnf p7fOPsf] 5 . ejgdf 9f]sf, em\ofn xfNg]b]lv lkmlgl;ªsf]sfd k"/ } af“sL 5 .
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gf]j]n k'/:sf/ ljh]tf ef/tsf gful/s s}nfz ;TofyL{sf]bfªdf :jfut ug{ ul7t gful/s clegGbg d"n ;df/f]x ;ldltn]kqsf/ ;Dd]ng u/L sfo{qmdsf]tof/Laf/] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 .
;ldltsf ;+of]hs Pj+ gful/s ;dfh bfªsf ;+of]hs 6Lsf/fd /]UdLn] ljz]if u/L afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf lqmofzLn gful/s cleoGtf ;TofyL{sf]bfª cfudgnfO{ ;kmn /pknlAwd"ns agfpg ;~rf/If]qsf] of]ubfg dxTjk"0f{ x'g]atfpg'eof] .
kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ljifo k|j]z u/fp‘b} ;ldltsf ;b:o zf]efs/ ;fksf]6fn] k'; % ut] !! ah] t'n;Lk'/ -6l/ufp‘_
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k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldltM–@)&!÷)(÷)!cfb/0fLo z]o/wgL dxfg'efjHo"x?lemd?s ljsf; a}+s lnld6]8,
laifoM ljsf; a}+ssf] kF“rf} jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efsf] ;"rgf †o; ljsf; a}+ssf] ldlt @)&!.)*.@& df a;]sf] &) cf}+ a}7ssf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ljsf; a}+ssf] kfFrf}+ aflif{s ;fwf/0f;ef lgDglnlvt
ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf lgDg ljifox?df 5nkmn tyf lg0f{o ug{sf] lgldQ a:g] ePsf] x'Fbf ;Dk"0f{ z]o/wgL dxfg'efjx?sf] pkl:yltsf] lgldQ cg'/f]w ub{5' .
tkl;n;ef ;~rfng x'g] :yfg, ldlt / ;doM:yfgM hgtf pRr dfWoflds ljBfno afUb'nfsf] ;ef:yn .ldltM @)&! ;fn kf}if @^ Uft] -tbg';f/ !) hgj/L, @)!%_;doM laxfg !!M)) ah] . 5nkmnsf ljifox?Ms= ;fdfGo k|:tfjM!= cfly{s jif{ )&)÷)&! sf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] tkm{af6 cWoIfHo"sf] k|ltj]bgpk/ 5nkmn / kfl/t ug]{ .@= n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg;lxtsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] @)&! cfiff9 #@ ut]sf] jf;nft, ;f]xL ldltdf ;dfKt cf=j= )&)÷)&! sf] gfkmf
gf]S;fg lx;fa tyf ;f]xL ldltsf] gub k|afx ljj/0fdf 5nkmn / kfl/t ug]{ .#= sDkgL P]g @)^# sf] bkmf !!! jdf]lhd cf=j= )&!÷&@ sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm u/L lghsf] kfl/>lds tf]Sg] -xfn
axfnjfnf afx\o n]vfk/LIfs >L ;Gtf]if ltldN;]gf– PljPdP; P08 Pzf]l;P6 k'g lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo x'g'x'G5 ._$= af]g; z]o/ hf/L ug{ s/ k|of]hgsf nflu ?= #^*,$@@.– -cIf]/]kL ?= tLg nfv c7;¶L xhf/ rf/ ;o afO{; dfq_ a/fa/sf] gub
nfef+z ljt/0f ug{ :jLs[t ug]{ .%= ;+:yfks z]o/wgLx?sf tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj x'g] rf/hgf ;~rfnsx?sf] lgjf{rg ug]{ .v= ljz]if k|:tfjM!= ;~rfns ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/; adf]lhd cfly{s jif{ )&)÷)&! sf] d'gfkmfaf6 z]o/wgLx?nfO{ ?= &,))),))).– -cIf]/]kL ?= ;Q/L nfv
dfq_ a/fa/sf] af]g; z]o/ hf/L ug{ ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t ug]{ .@= cfly{s jif{ )&)÷)&! sf] d'gfkmfaf6 hf/L ul/g] af]g; z]o/ kl5 sfod x'g] r'Qmf k"FhLsf]] !)M! sf b/n] xsk|b z]o/ lgisf;g ug]{
ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t ug]{ .#= a}+sn] af]g; z]o/ hf/L u/] kZrft sfod x'g cfpg] k"FhLsf] cfwf/df a}+ssf] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] ;DalGwt bkmf tyf lgodx?df
hf/L k"FhL tyf r'Qmf k"FhL ;+zf]wg;DaGwL ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t ug]{ .$= aF'bf gDa/ -@_ adf]lhd xsk|b z]o/sf] /sd ;+sng kZrft ;f]xL adf]lhd k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] bkmf ;+zf]wg ug]{ clVtof/L ;~rfns
;ldltnfO{ lbg] .%= ;~rfnssf] a}7s, e|d0f tyf b}lgs eQfdf j[l¢ u/L ;f]xL cg'?k lgodfjnLsf] bkmf #@-!_ sf] -v_ / -u_sf] -c_ ;+zf]wg ug]{ . ^= k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLsf] k|:tfljt ;+zf]wgx?df lgodgsf/L lgsfox?jf6 s'g} km]/ abn ;'emfj ePdf ;f] cg'?k ug{ ;~rfns ;ldlt
jf ;~rfns ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] kbflwsf/LnfO{ clVtof/L k|bfg ug]{ .u_ ljljwM
k'gZrM ;efdf 5nkmn ul/g] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg tyf n]vf k/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg ;lxtsf] jf;nft, gfkmf gf]S;fg lx;fj, ;fwf/0f;ef ;DaGwL hfgsf/L k|f]S;L kmf/fd / k|j]zkq z]o/wgLx?sf] a}+sdf clen]v ePsf] JolQmut 7]ufgfdf k|]lift ul/g]5, sy+sbflrt pQm sfuhftx? k|fKt gePdf / ;fwf/0f;ef;DaGwL s'g} hfgsf/L cfjZos ePdf o; a}+ssf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no wdf{jtL– ! afUb'nf, Ko"7fgdf ;Dks{ ug'{x'g cg'/f]w 5 .
;~rfns ;ldltsf] cf1fn] sDkgL ;lrj
;fwf/0f;ef;DaGwL cGo hfgsf/L!= ;fwf/0f;efdf efu lngsf nflu k|j]zkq jf z]o/ k|df0fkqsf] ;Ssn k|lt ;fydf lnO{ cfpg' x'g ;j} z]o/wgL dxfg'efjx?nfO{ ;"lrt
ul/G5 . s'g} sf/0fjz z]o/wgL dxfg'efjx?n] k|j]zkq k|fKt ug{ g;s]df o; ljsf; a}+ssf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no afUb'nfdf ;fwf/0f;ef x'g] ldlt cufj} ;Dks{ /fVg' eO{ k|j]zkq k|fKt ug{ ;Sg' x'g]5 .
@= ;fwf/0f;efdf efu lng k|ltlglw lgo'St ug{ rfxg'x'g] z]o/wgL dxfg'efjx?n] o; ljsf; a}+ssf] ;fljssf z]o/wgLnfO{ dfq k|ltlglw lgo'St ug{ ;Sg' x'g]5 .
#= kfFrf} jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efdf k|ltlglw lgo'Qm ug{ rfxg'x''g] z]o/wgLn] o;} ljsf; a}+ssf] csf]{ z]o/wgLnfO{ dfq k|ltlglw lgo'Qm u/L ;f] ;DaGwL k|f]S;L kmf/fd ;fwf/0f;ef z'? x'g] pNn]v ul/Psf] ;doeGbf $* 306f cufj} ljsf; a}+ssf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf a'emfpg'x'g / a'emfO;s]sf] k|f]S;L ab/ ug{ jf km]g{ rfx]df ;f]sf] ;"rgf ;ef z'? x'g pNn]lvt ;doeGbf $* 306f cufj} ljsf; a}+ssf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf a'emfO;Sg' kg]{5 .
$= k|ltlglw lgo'Qm ul/;s]sf] z]o/wgL cfkm} pkl:yt eO{ xflh/L k'l:tsfdf b:tvt u/]df lghn] lgo'Qm u/]sf] k|ltlglw -k|f]S;L_ :jtM ab/ x'g]5 .
%= ljljw zLif{scGtu{t ljsf; a}+s;DaGwL s'g} k|Zg ug{ rfxg] z]o/wgLn] ;ef x'g] & lbg cufj} sDkgL ;lrjdfkm{t lnlvt hfgsf/L u/fO;Sg' kg]{5 .
^= z]o/ k|df0fkq xfn;Dd klg k|fKt gu/L ;Sg'ePsf] z]o/wgLn] ;efsf] lbgeGbf $* 306f cufj} sDkgL ;lrj;Fu sfof{no ;dodf ;Dks{ u/L lng ;Sg' x'g]5 .
&= z]o/wgL dxfg'efjx?sf] ;'ljwfsf] lgldQ ;ef x'g] lbg ljxfg !)M)) ah]b]lv ;efxndf xflh/L k'l:tsf v'nf ul/g]5 . *= ;~rfns kbdf pDd]bjf/ x'g] z]o/wgLn] lgjf{rg sfo{qmddf tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq o;} ljsf; a}+ssf cGo z]o/wgL ! hgf k|:tfjs /
! hgf ;dy{ssf] b:tvt;lxt ljsf; a}+sn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf ljsf; a}+ssf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf lgjf{rg clws[t ;dIf cfkm\gf] pDd]bjf/L btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
(= lgjf{rg;DaGwL cGo sfo{qmdsf] jf/]df cfjZos k/]df ljsf; a}+ssf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf sfof{no ;doleqdf ;f]wk'5 u/L hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .!)= o; a}+ssf] ;+:yfks z]o/wgLx?sf] tkm{af6 ;~rfns ;ldltdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;~rfns kb ;+Vof $ -rf/_ sf] lgjf{rg;DaGwL sfo{qmd
;ef x'g'eGbf !) lbg cufj} lgjf{rg clws[taf6 a}+ssf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] ;"rgfkf6Ldf k|sflzt ul/g]5 .
cfjZostf;DaGwL ;"rgf †o; bfª lhNnfdf ;~rflnt PsLs[t lzz' tyf afNosfnLg kf]if0f sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf
nflu tkl;ndf pNn]lvt kb s/f/ ;]jfdf lnO{ sfdsfh nufpg'kg]{ ePsf]n] of]Uotf k'u]sf g]kfnL gful/sx?n] of] ;"rgf k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] !% -kGw|_ lbgleq lgodfg';f/ pNn]v ePsf] k/LIff b:t'/ g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8 bfªdf bflvnf u/L k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfj 5'§f5'§} lznaGbL u/L k]z ug{ ;DalGwt ;a}sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .
;"rgf g+=!=
kbsf] gfd
lhNnf kf]if0f tyf ;fdflhs kl/rfns ;+of]hs
;+Vof
! -Ps_
sfo{If]q
bfª lhNnf
k|:tfj k]z ug]{ Dofb!% lbg
cfjZos z}lIfs of]Uotf
Bachelor degree in Public Health/Community Nursing with minimum of 1 year of working experience in the eld of nutrition/health.
orBachelor degree in social science with minimum 1 year of experience in the eld of nutrition/health
g]kfn ;/sf/:jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno
dWoklZrdf~rn If]qLo :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfno
lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, bfª
d'Vo lhDd]jf/L!= sfd ug]{ cjlw M August-2015 ;Dd .@= ;Dks{ ldlt M b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldltsf] ef]lnkN6 .#= cGtjf{tf{ ldlt M kl5 k|sflzt ul/g] .$= ;]jf ;'ljwf M dfl;s a9Ldf ?= $),))).– -k|fljlws k|:tfj / cfly{s k|:tfjsf] cfwf/df 36f36_%= k/LIff b:t'/ M ?= %)).– g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8 bfªdf /fh:j zLif{s g+= !$@@$ df hDdf u/]sf]
;Ssn} ef}r/ ;+nUg x'g'kg]{ .^= la:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu sfof{nodf ;Dks{ ug'{x'g .&= cGo s'/fx? ;fj{hlgs P]g @)^# tyf lgodfjnL–@)^$ cg';f/ x'g]5 .
hg:jf:Yo k|zf;s
klqsf dfu]/ xf]Og lsg]/
k9\g] afgLa;fnf}+ .
l gf/fo0f ljjz
b]pv'/L -a/fv'6L_, ! k'; . jiff} {+b]lv e"ld clwsf/af6 al~rt b'uf{ ;fsL{ P]nfgL hUufdf a;]sf] x'“bf clxn];Dd pgsf] xftdf nfnk"hf{ k/]sf] 5}g .
hlt k6s ;'s'Daf;L cfof]u v'N5g\ Tolt g} k6s lgj]bg lbPsL b'uf{ ;fsL{sf] lgj]bgdfly sf/jfxL ePg . nfndl6of ufp‘ ljsf; ;ldlt j8f g+= & a/fv'§Lsf] P]nfgL hUufdf a:b} cfPsL b'uf{ ;fsL{sf >Ldfg\ x]dnfn ;fsL{ k};f sdfpg vf8L d'n's uP t/ Toxf“ a:bf klg k};f sdfpg ;Sg] gb]v]kl5 pgL g]kfn kmls{P .
ca s] u/]/ hLljsf rnfpg] eGg]ljifodf b'uf{ / x]dnfnn] 5nkmn u/] /a+u'/ kmf/fd vf]Ng] lg0f{o u/] . Joj;fo ;~rfngsf nflu k};f rflxg] eP klg pgLx?;‘u lwtf] /fVg] hUuf lyPg t/;d"xdf cfa4 ePkl5 lagflwtf] shf{ kfOG5 eGg] ;'g]kl5 b'uf{ ;fsL{ ;d"xdf cfa4 eOg\ / C0f lnO{ Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ yflng\ .
b'uf{n] ljut rf/ jif{b]lv ;~rfng u/]sf] nfx'/ ] a+u'/ kmfd{ clxn]ufp“6f]ndf kl/lrt 5 . …z'?df b'O{ rf/j6f a+u'/ kfn]kl5 To;af6 kmfObf x'“b} uof] . kf7fkf7L a9\b} uP . s]xL cfkm}n] kfNof} + s]xL laqmL u¥of} + . la:tf/};+Vof a9]kl5 Joj;fo kmi6fp“b} uof]Ú– b'uf{n] elgg\– …;d"xaf6 @) xhf/ ?k}of“ lnPsf] C0f a9fp“b} clxn] ^) xhf/k'u]sf] 5 . t/ cfDbfgLsf] t'ngfdf Tof]C0f ;fdfGo xf] .Ú
…a+u'/ kmfd{df clxn] $) j6f dfp /# j6f efn] 5g\ . kf7fkf7L %) hlt 5g\ . jif{df Pp6f dfpn] ;/b/ @) j6f hlt kf7fkf7L kfp“5 . Ps jif{df rf/ kf“r ;o kf7f kf7L x'G5g\ . Pp6f kf7fkf7L
h] eP klg # xhf/ % ;o ?k}of“;Dddf laqmL x'G5 . ;a} vr{ s6fp“bf klg kf‘r ;ft nfv jif] {gL sf/f]af/ x'G5Ú– b'uf{n];+lIfKt?kdf cfDbfgLsf] lx;fj lbOg\ .
e"ldclwsf/ljxLg eP klg Joj;fosf] cfDbfgLn] b'uf{n] P]nfgL hUufdf kSsL 9nfOjfnf 3/ 78\ofO{ cfgGb;‘u a;]sL 5g\ . b'uf{ elG5g\– …e"ldxLg eP klg ;'ljwfo'Qm 3/df a;d\ eGg] nfUof] / rf/sf]7] 3/ agfOof] . h]t xf]nf eg]sf 5f} +, c? sdfO eof] eg]hUuf lsGg' knf{ .Ú
a+u'/ pTkfbg ePkl5 ahf/ kfO“b}g ls eGg] lrGtf lyof] b'uf{sf] kl/jf/nfO{ . t/ kf7fkf7Lsf] dfu /f]Nkf, ?s'd, s}nfnL / slkna:t'af6 cfpg yfn]kl5 kf7fkf7L k'¥ofpg} ufx|f] ePsf] b'uf{n] atfOg\ .
a+u'/sf] Joj;fo km:6fpb} uPkl5 oftfoftsf] cefj v8\lsof] / df]6/;fOsn klg lsg] lxdnfnn] .
…xKtfdf tLgj6f a+u'/ sf6]/ df;'
laqmL u5f} {+ . klxn] c?;‘u laqmL ug{ k7fOGYof] sd kmfObf x'GYof] . df]6/;fOsn lsg]kl5 Ps SjLG6n df;' ;lhn} aflx/ k'¥ofpg'x'G5 >Ldfgn] . a+u'/sf] df;' s[i0fgu/, cldlnof /rGb|f}6flt/ nUg'x'G5 o;af6 klg kmfObf ePsf] 5Ú– b'uf{n] elgg\ .
…e"ldxLg ePsf]df ;f/} lrGtf lyof] . sdfpg >Ldfg\ ljb]z hfg' ef] t/ s]xL ePg . cfkm\gf] kf}/vdf af“Rg'k5{ eGg] nfUof] / of] Joj;fo z'? ul/of] . o;sf] ;kmntfaf6 ;Gt'li6 5f} + . b'a}hgfnfO{ /f]huf/ k'u]sf] 5Ú– b'uf{n] elgg\ .
…u|fdL0f pTyfg s]Gb| bfªåf/f ;~rflnt n3'ljQ sfo{qmdaf6 lagflwtf]C0f kfPkl5 sf/f]jf/ klg a9\of] . art ug] { afgL a;]sf] 5 . cem lzIff artdf t 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] eljiosf] nflu ;+:yfn]%) k|ltzt /sd ylklbP kl5 emg /fd|f]ePsf] 5Ú– b'uf{n] k|zGgtf JoQm ul/g\ .
;'s'Daf;L x'g'sf] kL8f e'Nb} b'uf{
cfjZostfo; pk–:jf:Yo rf}sL ;f]gk'/df ;d'bfo :jf:Yo k|a4{gsf nflu
Ps hgf ;fd'bflos clen]vstf{sf] cfjZostf k/]sf]n] lgDg of]Uotf k"/f ePsf pDd]bjf/n] b/vf:t k]z ug{ cfx\jfg ul/G5 .kb M ;fdflhs clen]vstf{ ;+Vof M ! hgf cjlw M ! jif{ s/f/cfjZos sfuhft M g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk, kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf] kmf]6f] @ k|ltz}lIfs of]Uotf M cgdL÷cx]a pQL0f{sf] k|df0fkqb/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt M ;"rgf k|sflzt ldltn] & lbgleq5gf}6sf] lsl;d M lnlvt, df}lvs b/vf:t b:t'/ M ?= @)).–tna M ?= &,))).– -dfl;s_;Dks{ ldlt M @)&!.)(.)* ut] -:yfgLo, hghflt dlxnfnfO{ u|fx\otf_
OGb'dtL rf}w/L -;b:o ;lrj_;f]gk'/ pk–:jf:Yo rf}sL
;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt b]=, bfª
lzIfs cfjZostfo; bLkHof]lt O=af]= :s'ndf Ps hgf lzIfssf] cfjZostf
k/]sf] x'Fbf OR5's pDd]bjf/af6 b/vf:t cfx\jfg ul/G5 . z}lIfs of]Uotf M !)±@ pQL0f{ tx M k"j{ k|fyldsb:t'/ M ?= @)).–b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt M @)&!.)(.)* ut] lbpF;f] # ah];Ddk/LIffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt, sIff cjnf]sg / cGtjf{tf{ -k/LIff cGtjf{tf{ k'; ( ut] g} x'g]5 ._gf]6 M c+u|]hL ljifo lnO{ kf; u/]sfnfO{ ljz]if u|fx\otf lbOg]5 .;Dks{ M )*@–$)@)^(÷(*$&()$!(@
lk|lG;knbLkHof]lt O=af]= :s'n
b]pv'/L, bfª
g]kfn vfB ;+:yfgc~rn sfof{no t'n;Lk'/, bfª
bfª 3f]/fxLdf /x]sf] uf]bfd ef8fdf nufpg] ;DaGwL lznaGbL b/efpkq cfx\jfgsf] ;"rgf †
o; ;+:yfgsf] :jfldTjdf 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !! df /x]sf] !))) -Ps xhf/ d]= 6g_ Ifdtfsf] uf]bfd 3/ / sDkfp08leq /x]sf] hUuf ;d]t h]–h:tf] cj:yfdf 5 @ -b'O{_ jif{sf] nflu ef8fdf nufpg'kg]{ ePsf]n] OR5's sfof{no,kmd{ jf JolQmx?af6 lznaGbL b/efpkq cfJxfg ul/Psf] 5 . ;t{x? M !_ lznaGbL b/efp kq k]z ug]{n] Go"gtd dfl;s ef8f ? @),))).–-lj; xhf/_
df g36\g] u/L b/efpkq k]z ug'{kg]{5 . @_ b/efpkq kmf/fd @)&! .)(.!^ ut] sfof{no ;do;Dd ?= #)).– -tLg;o_
-lkmtf{ gx'g] u/L_ lt/L o; sfof{noaf6 v/Lb ug{ ;lsg]5 . #_ v/Lb ePsf b/efpkqx? ldlt @)&!.)(.!& ut] dWofGx !@ ah];Dd lznaGbL
u/L o; sfof{nodf a'emfO;Sg' kg]{5 / ;f]xL lbgsf] @ ah] kg{ cfPsf b/efpkqx? o; sfof{nodf vf]lng]5 .
$_ b/efpkqbftfn] s] k|of]hgsf] nflu uf]bfd tyf hUuf ef8fdf lng rfx]sf] xf] v'nfO{ jflif{s s]–sltdf ef8fdf lng] xf] c+s / cIf/df :ki6;Fu n]Vg'kg]{5 .
%_ b/efpkqbftfn] uf]bfd tyf hUuf ef8fdf lng jflif{s?kdf saf]n u/]sf] c+ssf] % k|ltztn] x'g] /sd w/f}6Ljfkt o; sfof{nosf] gfddf g]=a}=ln= 3f]/fxLdf /x]sf] cf]=l8 shf{ lx= g+= @&–!$–@$ jf /f=jf= a}+s t'n;Lk'/df /x]sf] r=lx=g+= #^( df gubhDdf u/]sf] ;Ssn} a}+s ef}r/ jf …sÚ ju{sf] a}+sn] o; sfof{nosf] gfpFdf hf/L u/sf] slDtdf @ jif{ Dofb ePsf] a+}s Uof/]G6L -sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt_ b/efpkqbftfsf] k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
^_ b/efpkqbftfsf] b/efpkq :jLs[t ePdf uf]bfdsf] ;/;kmfO{,;fdfGo dd{t tyf cfjZostfcg';f/ aQL,kfgLsf] Joj:yf ef8fdf lng] :jo+n] ug'{kg]{5 .
&_ ef8fdf lnPsf] uf]bfd tyf hUuf ;+:yfgsf] ;xdlt a]u/ cGo kIfnfO{ ef8fdf lbg kfOg] 5}g ;fy} k|rlnt P]g lgod ljk/Lt g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgif]w u/]sf] s'g} klg j:t' uf]bfd tyf vfnL hUufdf /fVg kfOg] 5}g .
*_ b/efpkqbftf JolQm eP g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk,kmd{ jf sDkgL eP gjLs/0f ePsf] kmd{ /lhi6/ k|df0fkq,kfg btf{ k|df0fkq, @)&)÷@)&! sf] s/ r'Stf k|df0f kqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk b/efpkq ;fy k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
(_ k]z ePsf] b/efpkq :jLs[t ug]{ gug]{ clwsf/ ;++:yfgdf lglxt /xg]5 . !)_ o; ;DaGwL cGo s'/f a'em\g k/]df sfof{no ;dodf ;Dks{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
k|ydk6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)&!.)(.)@ ut]
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?s'd, ! k'; . ;Nofgsf]af+u]nf“s'/Laf6 ?s'd x'sfdsf ;fthgf afnsnfO{ p4f/ul/Psf] 5 .
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p4f/ ul/Psf] lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldltsf afnclwsf/ clws[t dfgjL/cf]nLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . afnsx?nfO{ kf]v/f n}hf“b}u/]sf x'sfdsf kms{axfb'/´f“qmLnfO{ k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/]sf]5 . pgn] cleefjsx?sf];xdltd} afnsx?nfO{ n}hfg nfu]sf] aofg lbPsf] lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldltn hgfPsf]5 .
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g]skf Pdfn] bfª If]q g+= ! sf pk;lrj efg' hf]zLn] Pdfn]sf]dxflwj];gaf6} kf6L{n] s'g} aGb x8\tfn gug{] gLlt kfl/t u/]sf] cj:yfdf lhNnftxdf s'g} klg To:tf lqmofsnfk gx'g] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf ;xefuL
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/Qm ;~rf/ ;]jf s]Gb|sf]:t/f]Gglt ug{ vf]h] klg ;a}s''/f cfly{ss} x''g] ePsfn]cfly{s cefjsf sf/0f ejgn]k"0f{tf kfpg g;s]sf] g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L bfªsf ;efklt gf/fo0f cfrfo{n]atfpg''eof] . …a} +ssf] cfo;|f]t 5}g, ;a} bftfsf] e/df 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg''eof]– …To;}n] ejg klg clxn] bftfs} kvf{Odf 5, cfzf u/f} + ;xof]u x''G5 .Ú b''O{ jif{leqdf k"0f{tf kfpg''kg{] pQm
ejgsf] s/Lj @% nfv nufgL nfUg] l:6d]6 ul/Psf] 5 .
g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Låf/f @)%( b]lv 3f]/fxLsf] c:ktfn /f]8df ;~rflnt pQm /Qm ;~rf/;]jf s]Gb| clxn] e''O“ tnfsf]gf} j6f sf]7fdf v'lDrP/ /x]sf]5 . dflyNnf] tnf lgdf{0f ePkl5 s]Gb|sf] :t/f]Gglt u/L Jn8 tTjx? klg :6f]/ug{]nufotsf ;]jf ;~rfng ug{] nIo /x]sf] s]Gb|sf O~rfh{ Gof}kfg]n] hfgsf/L lbg''eof] . /fKtLsf ?s''d, /f]Nkf, ;Nofg / Ko''7fg lhNnfdf cfsl:ds An8 a}+s eP klg :6f]/ ug{ ;lsg] :yfoL /Qm ;~rf/ ;]jf s]Gb| of] dfq} xf] . oxf“af6 lhNnfsf ljleGg c:ktfn, af“s], slknj:t''nufotsf c : k t f n x ? d f cfjZostfcg'';f/ Jn8 vkt ul/b} cfPsf] 5 .
bftfsf]===
;TofyL{sf]===Po/kf]6{df ;TofyL{sf] :jfut ul/g] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . To; qmddf ljleGg kf‘r :yfgdf :jfut u]6 lgdf{0f ul/g'sf ;fy} ;f+:s[lts emf‘sL k|bz{g ul/g] atfpg'eof] .
;ldltsf ;b:o kqsf/;'zLn a:g]tn] ;~rfng ug'{ePsf] sfo{qmddf d"n ;ldltsf ;b:o r"0f{axfb'/rf}w/L / kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf cWoIf ;'bLk uf}tdn] cf–cfkm\gf wf/0ffx? /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
d"n ;df/f]x ;ldltn]o;cl3 bfªsf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L, lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L, 3f]/fxL gkfsf sfo{sf/L clws[t Pj+ ljleGg sfof{nosf k|d'vx?;‘u cGtlqm{of u/L gful/s clegGbg sfo{qmd ;kmn kfg{ cg'/f]w u/]sf] lyof] .
To:t} Aoj:yflksf–;+;b dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;ldlt afbL ;d'bfosf];d:of ;dfwfg cWoog sfo{bnn] u/]sf] l;kmfl/; klg sfof{Gjog ug{ pgLx?n] dfu u/]sf 5g\ . …;'s'Daf;L afbL 3/kl/jf/nfO{ slDtdf vfg k'Ug] u/L Psk6ssf nflu hUuf pknAw u/fOof];\Ú– ;Dd]ngkl5 cfof]lht kqsf/;Dd]ngdf blnt dlxnf Pstf s]Gb|sL cWoIf lgd{nfs'df/u'Ktfn] eGg'eof]– …blnt ;d'bfoleq klg clt pTkL8g ef]lu/x]sf] afbL ;d'bfo ePsfn] ;/sf/sf] gLlt lgdf{0f txnufot /f]huf/Ldf ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;Dk"0f{ If]qdf k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ul/g'k5{ .Ú
hftLo e]befj tyf 5'jf5't s;'/ / ;hfo P]g @)^* nfO{ k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{ dfu ub} { ;Dd]ngn] afbL ;d'bfosf afnafflnsfnfO{ k|fyldsb]lv pRr lzIff;Dd 5fqa[lQ;lxt lgMz'Ns lzIff k|bfg ug{ dfu u/]sf] 5 . To:t} k|fljlws lzIffdf sf]6f 5'6\ofP/5fqa[lQ;lxtsf] lgMz'Ns lzIff lbg dfu ub} { ;Dd]ngn] /fli6«o blnt cfof]unfO{ ;+j}wflgs cfof]u agfpg klg ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 .
cWoIfdf /df afbLblnt dlxnf Pstf
s]Gb|sf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf];Dd]ngn] s}nfnLsL /df afbL cWoIf /x]sf] !! ;b:oLo /fli6«o afbL dlxnf clwsf/;+3if{ ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . h;sf] pkfWoIfdf bfªsL d'lQm afbL, ;lrjdf bfªs} ;l/tf g]kfnL, ;x;lrjdf ?s'dsL cd[tf afbL / sf]iffWoIfdf hfh/sf]6sL zld{nf afbL /xg'ePsf] 5 .
cGo ;b:ox?df ;NofgsL l;h{gf afbL, ;'v] {tsL tLyf{ afbL, Ko'7fgsL kfj{tL afbL, b}n]vsL e"dL afbL, slknj:t'sL lai0f' jfbL / s}nfnLsL ?kf afbL /xg'ePsf] 5 . lgjt{dfg cWoIf slknj:t'sL hx/f jfbL gof“ sfo{;ldltsf] ;Nnfxsf//xg'ePsf] 5 .
gjlgjf{lrt cWoIf /df afbLsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf]kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno afbL pTyfg ljsf; ;ldltsf cWoIf k'ik afbL, blnt dlxnf Pstf s]Gb|sL cWoIf lgd{nfs'df/L u'Ktf, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfª zfvfsf ;x;lrj l8NnL dNnnufotn] af]Ng'ePsf]lyof] .
afbL dlxnfx?n]ljut tLg aif{b]lv cfkm\gf ;jfndf ;/sf/sf] Wofgfif{0f
u/fpg of] ;Dd]ng ub} { cfPsf 5g\ . ;Dd]ngdf klZrdf~rn, dWoklZrdf~rn / ;'b"/klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf afbL dlxnfx?sf];xeflutf lyof] . ;Dd]ngaf6 kfl/t ljifonfO{ ;/sf/df k]z ul/g] /fli6«o afbL dlxnf clwsf/ ;+3if{ ;ldltsL cWoIf /df afbLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
;xdlt===
q kf08j zdf{
3f]/fxL, ! k'; . ;/sf/n] rfn' cfly{s jif{df bfªdf zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0fsf nflu @ s/f]8 #* nfv ?k}of“ ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5 .
rfn' cfjdf ljlgof]lht /sd utcfjeGbf ! s/f]8 $) nfv ?k}of“n]a9L xf] . ut cfjdf ;f] zLif{sdf (* nfv ?k}of“dfq ljlgof]hg ul/Psf]lyof] . rfn' cfjdf ;a}eGbf a9L k'gM lgdf{0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf zLif{sdf ! s/f]8 #* nfv ^) xhf/ ?k}of“ ljlgof]hg ePsf] lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no bfªsf n]vfkfn e/t/fh /]UdLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ zflGtsf nflu ljsf; sfo{qmddf ^* nfv !) xhf/ ?k}of“ ljlgof]hg ePsf] 5 . åGåf]Q/ zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f kl/of]hgfsf nflu #) nfv ljlgof]hg ePsf] sfof{non]hgfPsf] 5 .
rfn' cfjdf & j6f uflj; ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu *^ nfv ?k}of“ ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf] 5 . h; cGtu{t zflGtgu/, l;;xlgof“, ljhf}/L,
nfndl6of, l9sk'/, x]s'nL / kjggu/uflj; k'gM lgdf{0fsf nflu ah]6 k|fKt ePsf] /]UdLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . l9sk'/ uflj; lqk'/ gu/kflnsfdf ufle;s]sfn] of] /sd s] ug] { eGg]ljifodf cem} 6'+uf] nfu]sf] 5}g . åGåf]Q/ zflGt tyf k'gM lgdf{0f kl/of]hgf cGtu{t uf]N6fs'/Lsf]sf}jf3f/Ldf gd"gf ufp“ lgdf{0fdf /sd vr{ ul/g] sfof{non] atfPsf] 5 . ;f]ufp“sf nflu utcfjdf klg #) nfv ?k}of“ ljlgof]hg ePsf] lyof] .
åGåsfndf ePsf] Iflt tyf kL8f sd u/]/ ufp“df zflGt :yfkgfsf nflu ;/sf/n] zflGt dGqfno dfkm{t ljleGg k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ul//x]sf]sfof{no k|d'v ;xb]j e08f/Ln]hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . …ljz]if u/]/k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf Wofg s]lGb|t ePsf]5Ú –pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …åGåsfndf lhNnfsf #^ j6f uflj; ejgdf Iflt ePsf] lyof] .Ú h;dWo] !& uflj; ejg lgdf{0f eO;s]sf] 5 . $ uflj; ejg lgdf{0ffwLg / # j6f rfn' cfjb]lv lgdf{0f z'? x'g] e08f/Ln] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] ] . oL dWo] s]xL uflj;x?
gu/kflnsfdf kl/0ft eO;s]sf 5g\ . …lgdf{0f ;DkGg x'g af“sL !( uflj; ejgsf nflu s/La & s/f]8 %) nfv ?k}of“ vr{ nfUg] b]lvPsf] 5Ú– e08f/Ln] eGg'eof]– …Pp6f uflj; ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu s/La $) nfv ?k}of“ vr{ nfUg] b]lvPsf] 5 .Ú o;cl3 Pp6f uflj; ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu s/La @% nfv ?k}of“ ah]6 vr{ ePsf]sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;do lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] d"No tyf dhb"/sf]Hofnf a9]sfn] nfut a9\g] b]lvPsf]e08f/Ln] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
;/sf/n] Pp6f uflj; ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu Ps cfly{s jif{df Go"gtd # nfv;Dd ah]6 ljlgof]hg ub} { cfPsf] 5 . …o;/L Go"g ah]6 ljlgof]hg x'“bf ejg lgdf{0fsf] sfd l9nf] x'g uO{ nfut a9\g] b]lvG5Ú– e08f/Ln] eGg'eof]– …rfn' cfjdf eg] ah]6 s]xL a9fPsfn] sfd ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 .Ú ;/sf/n]dfu adf]lhd ah]6 pknAw u/fPdf ;Dk"0f{ uflj; ejgx? l56} ;DkGg ug{ cfkm"x? tof/ ePsf] pxf“n]atfpg'eof] .
zflGtsf nflu ;f9] b'O{ s/f]8ah]6 cefjdf Iflt ePsf !( uflj; ejg ag]gg\ q l;6L kf]v|]n
Ko'7fg, ! k'; . cfn'sf]ks]6 If]q /x]sf] afFbLsf]6df 88'jf /f]usf] k|sf]k b]lvPkl5 s[ifs dsf{df k/]sf 5g\ . /f]un] cfkm\gf] v]tLg} ;vfk kf/]kl5 cfn' dfq} pTkfbg ug] { oxf“sf s[ifsx?sf] nufgL;d]t p7]sf] 5}g . csf] {tkm{ pgLx?nfO{ jif{e/L s] vfg]eGg] lrGtf kg{ yfn]sf] 5 .
…lhNnfn] g} oxf“ cfn' ks]6 If]q 3f]if0ff u/]sf]5Ú– :yfgLo lktaxfb'/Pd;Ln] eGg'eof]– …88'jf /f]usf] k|sf]kn] ubf{ aLpmsf]nufgL;d]t p7]g .Ú uflj;sf]xn]bL / cfxnvf]nf;“u} cfn' pTkfbgsf] ks]6 If]q dflgPsf uflj;sf ;a} :yfgdf 88'jf /f]usf] k|sf]kn] ubf{ ls;fgn]cfkm\gf] nufgL;d]t p7fpg kfPsf 5}gg\ . cGo afnL pTkfbg 5f]8]/ cfkm\gf] k"/ }hUufdf cfn' v]tL u/] klg cfn'df /f]u nfUbf cfkm\gf]k"/ } nufgL 8'a]sf] :yfgLo u+ufaxfb'/ s];Ln] atfpg' eof] . …b'O{ SjLG6n cfn'sf]aLpm nufPsf] lyPÚ– pxf“n]eGg'eof]– …/f]un] ubf{ nufPsf]cfn' g} vGg kfOPg .Ú
:yfgLo s[ifsn] nufPsf]cfn'af6 nufgL;d]t p7fpg gkfp“bf pgLx? df/df k/]sf 5g\ . uflj;sf clwsf+z s[ifsn] cGo afnL nufpg 5f]8]/ lxp“b / av] {u/L b'O{
l;hgsf cfn' nufpg] u5{g\ . …v]t / af/Ldf tLg xhf/#@ ?k}of“sf] cfn' nufPsf]lyP“Ú– :yfgLo b]ptL s];Ln]eGg'eof]– …cfn'df /f]u nfUbf ljiffbL 5/+] t/ s]xL ePg\ .Ú s[ifsn] /f]u nfu]kl5 b'O{ dlxgf klxn] g} cfn' lgsfn]sf 5g\ . afFbLsf]6;“u} cf]v/sf]6, dfhsf]6, wdf{jtL / lah'jf/cfn' v]tLsf nflu ks]6 If]qsf] ?kdf 3f]if0ff ul/Psf uflj; /x]sf] lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] hgfPsf]5 . cfn'df /f]usf] ;+qmd0f, pGgt hftsf] aLpm / s[ifsdf k|fljlws 1fg gx'“bf lhNnf cem} cfn'df k/lge{/ /x]sf]5 .
lhNnfdf clxn] lxp“b]/ av] { u/L s'n !# xhf/# ;o *% d]l6«s6g cfn' pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] sfof{nosf afujfgL clws[t u0f]z s];Ln]atfpg'eof] . …lhNnfdf cf7 ;o () x]S6/ If]qkmndf cfn' pTkfbg ul/b} cfPsf] 5 .Ú s[lif u0fgf @)^* n] aif] {gL cf7 dlxgf;Ddsf nflu dfq kof{Kt x'g] cfn' pTkfbg x'g]u/]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . cfn'df oxf“ #! k|ltzt eGbf w]/ }pGgt hftsf] aLpm / af“sL a0f{z+s/ aLpm k|of]u x'g]u/]sf] tYofÍ lgsfn]sf] 5 . lhNnfdf pTkfbg x'g] cfn'df laiffbL k|of]u b/ kl5Nnf s]xL aif{df dfq} @) k|ltztn] a[l4 ePsf] 5 .
cfn' ks]6 If]qd}88'jf /f]usf] k|sf]k
tLg lbgb]lv lxdkft
o'uaf]w ;dfrf/bftf
3f]/fxL, ! k'; . clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ bfªsf] k'; $ / % ut] x'g] @) cf} + lhNnf ;Dd]ngsf] tof/L tLa| kfl/Psf] ;f] ;+u7gn]hgfPsf] 5 .
…zflGt / hg;+ljwfgsf]kIfdf lg/Gt/ cfGbf]ng, j}1flgs / u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] kIfdf @) cf} + bfª lhNnf ;Dd]ng eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy ;Dd]ng x'g nfu]sf] xf] .
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ @) cf} + lhNnf ;Dd]ng cfof]hs
;ldlt bfªsf ;+of]hs ;'dg /f]sf / ;lrj ;Gtf]if kf]v|]nn] d+unaf/ lj1lKt hf/L u/L ;Dd]ngsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] xf] .
k'; $ ut] laxfg !! ah]b]lv 3f]/fxLsf] ;fO dlGb/df z'? x'g] lhNnf ;Dd]ngdf lhNnfel/sf tLg ;o a9L k|ltlglw, ko{j]Ifsx? ;xefuL x'g] lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;Dd]ngsf]pb\3f6g ug{ ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf /d]z dNn cfpg] ;lrj ;Gtf]if kf]v|]nn]hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
;Dd]ngsf] tof/L tLa|
k|fl1s ljBfyL{ kl/ifb u7g/f]Nkf, ! k'; -o';_–
lzIfs / lzIfflab\x?sf];femf ;+u7gcGtu{tsf]k|fl1s ljBfyL{ kl/ifb g]kfnsf] zfvf /f]Nkfdf u7g ul/Psf] 5 .
s]Gb|Lo dxf;lrj /d]z s“8]nsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf hnhnf ax'd'vL SofDk; /f]Nkfdf pQm ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] xf] . czf]s jnLsf];+of]hsTjdf !) ;b:oLo ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 .
ljrf/$ a'wjf/, @ k'; @)&!
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfª zfvfn] olta]nf cfkm\gf] @@ cf}+ :yfkgflbj; dgfpFb} 5 . k'; ! ut]b]lv $ ut];Dd nuftf/ ljleGg sfo{qmdx?u/]/ bfª zfvfn] cfkm\gf] :yfkgfsfnnfO{ :d/0f ub}{5 . bfªdfkqsfl/tfsf] hu a;fNg] / o;sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;df oxfFsf cu|hkqsf/x?sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf 5 . d'n'ssf] kqsfl/tfaf/] ax; x'Fbfsf7df8f}+ aflx/ bfª cu|:yfgdf /x]sf] rrf{ rNg] u5{ h'g cl3Nnf]k':tfn] k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] sf/0f g} xf] . cu|hx?n] :yflkt u/]sfd"NodfGotfnfO{ cg';/0f ub}{ kqsfl/tf If]qnfO{ yk lhDd]jf/ / pQ/bfoLagfpg' clxn]sf] k':tfsf lhDd]jf/L x'g\ .
kl5Nnf] ;dodf ePsf] ;~rf/sf] Jofks ljsf;n] bfªnfO{ klg5f]Psf] 5 . kqklqsf, /]l8of], cgnfOg / :yfgLo:t/df 6]lnlehg;d]tlelq/x]sf 5g\ . ldl8of v'Ng] a9\bf] qmd;Fu} kqsf/x?sf] ;+Vof a9\b}hfg' :jfefljs} xf] . dxf;+3df ljlwjt ;b:otf lnPsf @ ;o #$hgf kqsf/x?df ;b:otf glnPsf t/ kqsfl/tfdf ;lqmo kqsf/x?sf];+Vof hf]8\g] xf] eg] s/La @ ;o %) x'g cfpF5 . o;/L x]bf{ bfªsf]kqsf/x?sf] kl/jf/ 7"nf] ePsf] 5 . Ps lx;fan] ;+Vof w]/} x'g'v'zLsf] s'/f xf] t/ oL kqsf/x?sf] bIftf clea[l4 ub}{ pQ/bfoLkqsfl/tf u/fpg] jftfj/0f agfpg' r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfd klg xf] . To:t}kqsf/x?sf] ljsf; x'g'sf nflu oxfFsf ;~rf/ dfWodx? ultnf] u/L:yflkt x'g'k5{ . :yfgLo ;~rf/ dfWodn] kqsf/x?nfO{ cfjZos;]jf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{sf nflu pgLx?sf] ;jnLs/0f klg dxTjk"0f{ kIfx'g cfpF5 . kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfª zfvfn] :yfgLo ldl8ofsf] ;jnLs/0f/ kqsf/x?sf] Ifdtf clea[l4, k]zfut ;'/Iffsf ljifonfO{ k|fyldstfsf;fy p7fpg ;Sg] xf] eg] cu|hx?n] :yflkt u/]sf] ;Ddflgt kqsfl/tfsf]lj/f;tnfO{ hf]ufO/fVg / lg/Gt/ cl3 a9fpg ;lsG5 .
kqsfl/tf s'g} /x/ of nx8df rNg] geO{ lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ k]zfsf?kdf :yflkt Jofj;flos sfdsf] ?kdf :yflkt x'Fb}5 . ;dfh?kfGt/0fk|lt bfloTj axg ug{;Sg] ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj;lxtsf]kqsfl/tfsf] cEof; clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] . To:t} hgclwsf/sfPh]08f :yflkt ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ dfWod kqsfl/tf g} xf] . d'n's clxn]gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efaf6 gofF;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ /fli6«o cleef/f yfDg] dxfg\ hgcfGbf]ngsf] PskIfsf ?kdf g]kfnL kqsfl/tfn] cfkm"nfO{ atfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . lg/+s'zzf;saf6 lgs} ;f:tL v]k]sf] g]kfnL kqsfl/tf hut gful/ssf cGoclwsf/x?sf] ;fy;fy} k"0f{ k|]; tyf cleJolQm :jtGqtfsf] Ph]08faf]s]/ cfGbf]ngdf xf]ldPsf] lyof] . cfGbf]ngsf] andf tL pknlAwPp6f txdf :yflkt klg ePsf 5g\ t/ tL pknlAwnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmof rf}af6f]df cNdlnPsf] 5 . tL cndnnfO{lrb}{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf ;sf/fTds dfxf]n l;h{gf ug{ kqsfl/tf If]qn]cfkm\gf] bfloTjnfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s lng'kg]{ a]nf ePsf] 5 . dxf;+3cfkm} klg ;+:yfut?kdf gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] bafa cleofgdf5 . bfªn] klg Tof] bafa cGtu{tsf sfo{qmd u/]sf] 5 . :yfkgflbj;sf] of] cj;/df g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] >dhLjL kqsf/x?sf]xs, pgLx?sf] u'0ffTds ljsf;, ;~rf/ dfWodsf] ;jnLs/0f;Fu}/fli6«o ;+s6 df]rgsf] ljifo gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf nflu ;sf/fTdsbafasf sfdx?nfO{ cl3 a9fpg'k5{ . @@ cf}+ :yfkgf lbj;sf]cj;/df ;a}df xflb{s z'esfdgf .
kqsfl/tf If]qsf] bfloTj…xft yfKg]n] aft ;'Gg'k5{ / ;xg'
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Pstf ckf/ zlQmsf] ;|f]t xf] . oxLPstfsf] dfWodaf6 dflg;n] cfkm\gf]hLjgsf] :j?k abn]sf] 5 / Oltxf;sf]k|afxdf gof‘ cfofd yk]sf] 5 . Pstfs}dfWodaf6 wfld{s tyf /fhgLlts;+3;+u7gx?n] cgk]lIft kl/jt{gsfnx/x? NofPsf 5g\ . cfsfzsf] afbnPstfs} dfWodaf6 lgdf{0f x'G5 / jiff{x'G5 . Pstfs} dfWodaf6 gbLx? ;fu/df/ ;fu/x? dxf;fu/df kl/0ft x'G5g\ /;+;f/nfO{ ljzfntfsf] ;Gb]z k|jfxub{5g\ . Pstfsf ] oxL ulx/fO { /JofkstfnfO{ cfTd;ft u/]/ xf]nf dxfgbfz{lgs sfn{ dfS;{n] …;+;f/sf dhb'/xf], Ps xf]pmÚ eGg] ljZjJofkL cfx\jfgcleJoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfn{dfS;{sfcg'ofoL g]kfnsf jfdkGyLx?n] dfS;{sf]ljZjJofkL dhb'/ Pstfsf] cfx\jfgnfO{Jojxf/df ?kfGt/0f ug'{ lgtfGt cfjZosb]lvPsf] 5 . pgLx?sf] Pstfdf d'n'ssf]pGglt / k|ult n's]sf] 5 . pgLx?sf]Pstfn ] g ] kfn L ;dfhsf ]cfw'lgsLs/0fnfO{ cg'k|fl0ft ug] { /j}1flgs ;f]r tyf lrGtgsf ch;|wf/fx? k|j flxt ug] {5 . g]kfnsfjfdkGyLx?n] cfkm\gf] bfz{lgs d"No /dfGotfk|lt lgi7fsf ;fy k|lta4 eP/ul/jL / cefjsf] e§Ldf 56\kl6Psfhgtfsf] kL8fnfO{ cg'e"t u/]/ slDtdf
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?aLr sfo{utPstfsf tLg cfwf/x?cfhef]ln ljleGg ;+3+;+:yfdf ca4
JolQmx?n] /Qmbfg ug{ nfu]sf 5g\ . of]cToGt /fd|f] / dfgjLo sfo{ xf] . /Qmbfgg} hLjg bfg xf] . /Qmbfg /x/ / nx8n]ug{ gx'g] bfg klg xf] . z/L/df To;}v]/ hfg] /utn] s;}nfO{ arfpg ;lsG5eg] Tof] g} hLjg bfg xf] . /utsf]cfjZostf s:tf] cj:yfdf kb{5, /uts] xf] <, /ut s;/L aGb5 <, /utsf]cfo', /utsf] ;d"x, /utsf] sfd, s:tfdflg;n] /Qmbfg ug{ ;S5g\, sltcjlwdf /Qmbfg ug{ ;lsG5, s:tfdflg;n] /Qmbfg ug{'x'b}g / /Qmbfgu/]kl5 s] kfOG5 < eGg] h:tf s'/fsf]/Qmbfg ug]{ dflg;x?df hfgsf/L x'gh?/L 5 . cGoyf o;n] dflg;nfO{/Qmbfg ug]{ a]nfdf a]xf]z x'g] / o:t}cGo s]xL ;d:of l;h{gf eP/ p;nfO{hLjgdf c;/ k'¥ofpg ;S5 .
clxn] klg hft eftsf s'/f ug]{hf] sf]xL dflg; la/fdL eP/ /utsf]cfjZostf k/L c:ktfn egf{ eof] eg]p;nfO{ xf]z cfp‘5– hft s] /x]5 </ut s] /x]5 < /utn] lsg hft5'6\ofpg] /x]g5 < /utdf lsg hft/x]g5 < xfd|f] ;f]rfO hft, wd{, ju{sfcfwf/df c;dfg /x]sf] 5 . dfG5] cfkm}dfwgL ul/j, 7"nf]] hft, ;fgf] hft cyjfof] wd{ Tof] wd{ cyjf k]zfsf] x'‘b}g .hft, wd{, ju{, lnË cyjf k]zf klgcfkm}df ;fgf] cyjf 7"nf] x'‘b}g . /utsf]cfjZostf kg]{ la/fdLnfO{ /utsf] u|'kldNof] eg] h'g;'s} hft lsg gxf];\, Pp6fdflg;sf] /utn] csf]{ dflg;nfO{ arfpg;lsG5 . /utdf s'g} hft x'‘b}g . To;}n]eGg] ul/G5 /Qmbfg g} hLjg bfg xf]eg]/ .
ljZjdf /Qmbfgsf] Oltxf; nfdf]5 . ;g\ !*!* df a]nfotsf 8f= h]D;NjG8]nn] dg{ nfu]sf] dflg;nfO{ dflg;sf]/ut ;~rf/ u/fpg] k|of; u/] . ;g\!()) df cli6 «ofsf 8f= sfn {n]G8:6]/gn] A,B / O /Qm ;d"x x'G5eGg] s'/f kQf nufPsf lyP . ;g\ !(!$df a]lNhodsf 8f= x:6Lgn] /utnfO{z/L/ aflx/ af]tndf ;f]l8od ;fO6«]6/;fogsf] ;xfotfn] ghDg] u/L /fVg]t/Lsf kQf nufP . To;kl5 dfqljZjdf klxnf] /Qm ;~rf/ s]Gb|n]lgguf8{ c:ktfndf ;~rfng ePsf]lyof] . g]kfndf @)@# ;fn ;fpg !@ut]b]lv nIdL An8 a}+ssf] gfddf jL/c:ktfn glhs}sf] 3/df g]kfn /]8qm;;f];fO6Ln] :yfkgf u/L /Qm ;~rf/;]jfsf] ;'?jft u/]sf] xf] . clxn] b]zsf]/utsf] dfucg';f/ /]8qm;n] /Qm;~rf/ ;]jf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ub}{ cfPsf]5 .
dfgj z/L/df kfOg] /ftf] t/nkbfy{ /ut xf] . dfgj z/L/df cf};t%=% ln6/ /ut x'G5 . /ut xfd|f] z/L/sf]nfdf] xf8df aG5 . o;n] xfd|f] z/L/dfkf}li6s tTjx?nfO{ Ps :yfgaf6 csf]{:yfgdf k'¥ofpg d2t u5{ . o;n]clS;hg / sfa {g 8fOS;fO8sf ]cfbfgk|bfgdf d2t u5{ . /ut leq/Qm ;d"x x'G5 . /ut ;d"x eg]sf] s]xf] < of] hfGg h?/L 5 . /utsf] ;d"x(Blood Group) 5'6\ofpg] >]ocl :6 «o fsf j }1 f lgs Karl
/Qmbfg hLjg bfg xf]
pNn]vgLo a[l4 ePsf] 5 . ;'ljwfhgsc:ktfnsf] z}ofdf /utsf] cefjsfsf/0fn] s'g} la/fdLsf] d[To' ePsf] 5}g .t/ klg o;sf] dfu qmdz a[l4 x'‘b}uPsf] 5 . g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Ln]/Qm;~rf/ s]Gb|nfO{ zx/L s]Gb|df dfq;Lldt g/fvL u|fdL0f a:tLdf /x]sfc:ktfn / :jf:Yo s]Gb|df ;d]t /utsf]k|aGw ldnfpg'kg]{ ePsf] 5 . To;sf]nflu ufp‘3/df /x]sf ;+3;+:yf,dfWolds ljBfno / o'jfx? cfj4 ePsf;ldlt / lgsfodf /Qmbfg ug]{ pTk|]/0fflbg] sfo{qmd agfpg'kb{5 . h;n] ubf{/Qmbfg ug]{ dflg; vf]Hg gk/f];\, hlxn]klg ;xh ?kaf6 c:ktfndf /x]sfla/fdLx?n] /ut kfpg ;s"g\ .
clxn];Dd ;]jf lbPsf /Qm ;~rf/s]Gb|af6 la/fdLx?n] k|foM ;§f /utlbP/ /ut kfp‘b} cfPsf 5g\ . h;n]ubf{ slxn] sfxL la/FdLsf cfkmGtx?n]/ut bfg ug]{ dflg; gkfp‘bf ;f:tLa]xf]g'{k/]sf] 5 eg] st} /ut pknJwu/fpg g;Sbf la/fdLsf] d[To' ePsf36gf;d]t 5g\ . o;nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{sf]nflu o'jfx?df pTk|]/0ff lbnfpg] dfqPp6} pkfo xf ] . To;}n] k |To ]s;+3;+:yfx?df cfa4 ePsf JolQmx?n]/Qmbfg sfo{qmddf ;l/s x'g] / cGoo'jf ju{x?nfO{ klg pTk|]/0ff lbnfp‘b}hfg'kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 .
kl5Nnf] ;dodf /utsf] af/]dfljZjdf w]/} vf]hk"0f{ cg';Gwfg x'g yfn]sf]5 . /utsf] u|'k cg';f/ p;sf] u'0f,:jefjh:tf s'/fx? klg klxrfg ug{;lsg] ePsf] 5 . O+:6«szg d}g'cn km/lkk'n gfdsf] k':tsdf An8 u'|kcg';f/dflg;sf] JolQmTj klxrfg x'g ;Sg]atfOPsf] 5 . P An8 u|'k x'g] JolQml/hj{, ;+j]bgzLn, lhDd]jf/, k|f]km]zgn/ hfu?s x'G5g\ . aL An8 u|'k x'g]JolQm cfzfjfbL, lqmPl6e, rdsbdsdg k/fpg] / :jtGq ljrf/sf x'g]ub{5g\ . cf] An8u| 'ksf dflg;x?cfTdlaZjf;L, Odfgbf/, hf]lznf x'G5g\ .To;}u/L PaL An8 u|'ksf dflg;x?;fdflhs, k|Voft, zfGt / tfls{sljrf/sf] x'G5 elgPsf] 5 .
An8 6fOkf]nf]hLsf] cWoog ug{] of]rng hfkfgdf !(&) af6 z'? ul/Psf]xf] . To; ;dob]lv otf o; ljifodfy'k|} k':tsx? k|sflzt klg ePsf 5g\ .O+:6«szg d}g'cn km/ lkk'n gfdsf]k|sflzt k':tsdf /utsf cfwf/dfJolQmTj klxrfg x'g] lglZrt ljj/0fk|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . dfG5]df kfOg]/utnfO{ rf/ An8 u|'kdf af‘l8Psf] 5 .h'g /utsf] u|'knfO{ P,aL,cf] / PaLelgG5 .
d's'Gb jL;L
Landsteiner nfO{ hfG5 . pgn]] ;j{k|yd!()! df A, B / O /ut ;d"x / To;sf]s]xLkl5 AB ;d"x kQf nufPsf x'g\ ./ftf /Qm sf]ifsf] ;txdf x'g] Ps k|sf/sf]tTj (Inherited Molecule cyjf an-tigens) sf] cfwf/df /utsf] ;d"x5'6\ofOG5 . s'g} klg JolQmsf] /utdfue{}b]lv A k|sf/sf Antigens x'G5g oft B k|sf/sf Antigens x'G5g jf ABb'a} k|sf/sf Antigens x'G5g . of tb'a} k|sf/sf Antigens x'‘b}gG.\ . olb s'g}JolQmsf] /Qm sf]ifdf A k|sf/sf Anti-gens dfq 5g\ eg] p;sf] /ut ;d"x AeGg] a'emg' kb{5, B k|sf/sf Antigensdfq 5g\ eg] B ;d"x, AB b'a} Anti-gens 5g\ eg] AB ;d"x / A tyf Bs'g} klg 5}g eg] p;sf] /ut ;d"x OeGg] a'em\g'kb{5 .
/ftf /Qm sl0fsfdf A tyf B sf]cnfjf c? klg dxTjk"0f{ Antigensx'G5G. . /ut ;d"x 5'6\ofpgsf] nflu tL
d[To'af6 hf]ufpg tyf /Qm ;~rf/ //Q mbfgsf ] dxTjnfO { :jo +; ] js/Qmbftfx?nfO{ pTk|]/0ff lbnfp‘b} hfg'kb{5 .:jo+;]js /Qmbftfx? n] cfkm\gf] /Qm ;d"xs] xf] < To;sf] klxrfg ug'{ kb{5 . cfkm\gf]/Qm ;d"x klxrfg eof] eg] c?nfO{ /Qmbfgubf{ / :jo+ cfkm}nfO{ /ut cfjZostfeof] eg] ;lhnf] x'G5 .
pd]/n] !& jif{ k"/f ePsf] ^)jif{;Ddsf k'?if jf dlxnfx?n] /Qmbfgug{ ;S5g\ . /Qmbfg ug{] dflg;sf] jhg$% s]hLeGbf dfly x'g'kb{5 . An8 k|];/!!)= &)–!^)÷(% ld=ld= ds{/L x'g'kb{5 . To;} u/L /Qmbfg ug]{ dflg;sf]x]df]Unf]ljg !@ u|fd cyjf of] eGbf dflyx'g'kb{5 . oltdfq xf]Og /Qmbfg ug]{dflg;df d'6", kmf]S;f], sn]hf], /fd|f]lqmofzLn cj:yfdf x'g'kb{5 . hl08;,dn]l/of, 6fOkmfO8, P8\;, 5f/]/f]u, Ifo/f]u,dw'd]x, SofG;/, bd, pRr /Qmrfk,d[uf}nfsf] /f]u, x]kf6fOl6;h:tf /f]uLx?n]
s]=lj=d;fn
dWo] Rh-Antigens sf] cj:yf klg hfGgcfjZos kb{5 . JolQm of t h-nega-tive x'G5 of t Rh-Positive x'G5 .To;}sf] cfwf/df /ut ;d"x Positive /negative x'G5 . olb s;}sf] /ut ;d"xO+ve 5R eg] p;sf] /utdf A tyfB s'g} klg k|sf/sf Antigens 5}gg\ t/Rh-factor eg] Positive 5 eGg] cy{nfU5 . csf]{ Pp6f hfGg} kg{] s'/f s] 5eg] s'g} klg JolQmsf] /utdf x'g] /ftf/Qm sl0fsfn] cfkm"h:t} afx]ssf s'g} klgk|sf/sf Antigens :jLsfb{}gg, cyjfTo:tf Antigens sf] la?4df Antibod-ies pTkfbg u/L dfl/lbG5G. eg] A /ut;d"x x'g] JolQmnfO{ B ;d"xsf] /ut lbOof]eg] p;sf] Antibodies n] B Anti-gens nfO{ cfqmd0f u/]/ dfl/lbG5g\ .h;sf] l/ofSzg Psbd vt/gfs x'g uO{JolQmsf] Hofg} klg hfg ;S5 . s]xLcj:yfdf ue{jtL cfdf / ue{sf] aRrfsf]Antigens km/s kg{ uO{ cfdfsf] Anti-gens n] aRrfsf] Antigens nfO{ cfqmd0fubf{ aRrf g} dg{ ;S5 . aRrf g/xg]sltko cj:yf oxL s'/f;‘u klg ;DalGwt5 . s;}nfO{ /ut lb+bf pxL ;d"xsf] dfqlbg'sf] sf/0f klg oxL xf] . /ut ldNg'eg]sf] g} Pp6} ;d'xsf] /ut x'g' eg]sf]xf] .
/ut lsGg ;lsg] j:t' xf]Og .xfn;Dd j}1flgsx?n] s[lqd /ut agfpg;kmn ePsf 5}gg\ . o;sf] s'g} ljsNkklg 5}g . Pp6f dflg;n] csf]{ dflg;sf]hLjg /Iffsf] nflu ul/g] /Qmbfg o;sf];Defljt pkfo xf] . To;}n] /Qm ;~rf/sf]cfjZostfnfO { b[ li6ut u/L /utcfjZostf kg]{ ;a} k|sf/sf /f]uL, czQmljdf/L, ;'Ts]/L tyf b'3{6gfdf k/]sfJolQmx?nfO{ /utsf] cefjsf] sf/0f csfn
/Qmbfg ug{ x'‘b}g . pNn]lvt /f]u gePsf:j:y dflg;n] k'?ifn] k|To]s tLg dlxgfdf/ dlxnfx?n] dlxgfjf/L gePsf] cj:yfdf,aRrf k]6df gePsf] cj:yfdf / aRrfn]b"w vfg] cj:yfdf afx]s jif{sf] b'O{ k6s/Qmbfg ug{ ;S5g\ .
dflg;nfO{ /ut af‘Rgsf] nflu geO{gx'g] d'6' / /QmgnLdf aUg] /ftf] t/nkbfy{ xf] . cfdfsf] k]6df /x]sf gjhftlzz'x/df /ut sn]hf] / lkmof]n] agfp‘5 ./utdf x'g] x]df]Un]ljgdf kmf]S;f]df k'u]/clS;hgdf ldn]/ clS;x]df]Un]ljg agLz/ L/df clS;hg k ' ¥ ofpg /sfj{G8fOcS;fO8 kmf]S;f]af6 aflx/ kmfNg]sfd x'G5 . z/L/sf ;a} c+unfO{ /utsf]cfjZostf kb{5 . /ut gePdf dl:tis$ ldg]6df / d'6' ̂ 306fdf lgliqmo x'G5 ./utsf d'Vo /Qmsf]ifx? $% k|ltzt,KnfHdf %% k|ltztn] ag]sf] x'G5 ./Qmsf]ifdf /ftf] /Qmsf]if, ;]tf] /Qmsf]if /Knf6]n]6\; /x]sf] x'G5 .
s'g} dflg;n] /Qmbfg u/]kl5 ;a}eGbf klxn] p;nfO{ cfTd;Gt'li6 k|fKt ug{;S5 . s'g} klg /ut cfjZos kg]{ la/FdLpkrf/sf nflu c:ktfn k'u]sf] x'G5 .o:tf] a]nf :jo+;]jL /Qmbftfx?Aff6 /utkfof] eg] pm d[To'af6 aRg;S5 . d[To'sf]d'vdf k'u]sf] dflg;nfO{ /ut bfg lbP/arfpg' g} hLjg bfg ;/xsf] bfg xf] .To;}n] /QmbfgnfO{ hLjg bfg klg eGg]ul/G5 . v]/ hfg] cfkm\gf] z/L/sf] /utn]s'g} la/fdLn] goF‘ hLjg k|fKt ub{5 eg]of] g} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] wd{ / ;]jf klg xf] .To;}n] /Qmbfg ug{nfO{ clxn] xfd|f] ;dfhdfo'jf, o'jtLx?df pTk| ]/0ff lbg ;Sg]sfo{qmdsf] cfjZostf k/]sf] 5 .
s]xL j if {otf c fP/ /Qmb fgsfo{qmdk|lt zx/L If]qdf hg;xeflutf
d[To'sf] d'vdf k'u]sf] dflg;nfO{ /ut bfg lbP/ arfpg' g}hLjg bfg ;/xsf] bfg xf] . To;}n] /QmbfgnfO{ hLjg bfg klg eGg]ul/G5 . v]/ hfg] cfkm\gf] z/L/sf] /utn] s'g} la/fdLn] gofF hLjgk|fKt ub{5 eg] of] g} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] wd{ / ;]jf klg xf] . To;}n]/Qmbfg ug{nfO{ clxn] xfd|f] ;dfhdf o'jf, o'jtLx?df pTk|]/0ff lbg;Sg] sfo{qmdsf] cfjZostf k/]sf] 5 .
g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n] olta]nf cfkm\gf ;Dk"0f{ lghLlxtx? eGbf dfly cfd g]kfnL hgtfsf] lxtnfO{ /fVb} ��cfly{s;dfgtf;lxtsf] nf]stGqÚÚ, ��zflGtk"0f{ /fhgLlts k|lt:kwf{df ;xeflutfÚÚ /��;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf s]lGb|t x'g'ÚÚ nfO{ Pstfsf tLg cfwf/laGb' dfgL Pstfa4eP/ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] dxfg cleofgnfO{ ;fy{s /;kmn kfg]{ bfloTj lgjf{x ug{ cd"No of]ubfg lbg'k/]sf] 5 .
:yfkgf ug{ rfxG5g\ . o;/L s]lgisif{df k'Ug ;lsG5 eg] g]kfnsfsDo'lgi6x?sf] aLrdf sfo{ut Pstf:yflkt ug]{ Pp6f cfwf/laGb' …cfly{s;dfgtf;lxtsf] nf]stGqÚ x'g ;S5 .
g ]kfndf olta ]nf ax 'bnLok|lt:kwf{df cfwfl/t nf]stflGqs zf;gJoj:yf ljBdfg 5 . oxf‘sf hgtf cf–cfkm\gf] cf:yf / ljZjf;sf] cfwf/dfljleGg /fhgLlts bndf laeflhtePsf 5g\ . pgLx? pRr /fhgLltsr]tgfn] hfu[t 5g\ / cfkm\gf df}lnsclwsf/x?af/] klg ;r]t 5g\ . o:tfhfu?s / ;r]t hgtfnfO{ wDsL, qf;cflbsf] k|of]uaf6 ha/h:tL cfkm\gf]kf6L{sf] ;dy{s agfpg vf]Hg' eg]sf]lgtfGt cdfgjLo / cnf]stflGqs sfo{x'g hfG5 . ha;Dd g]kfnL qmflGtsf]
klg sfo{ut Pstfsf cfwf/laGb'x? vf]hLug'{ ;dosf] dfu ePsf] 5 .
bf;o'udf bf;x? dflnsx?sf] zf]if0ftyf pTkL8gsf] lzsf/ ag]sf lyP . t/oL b'O{ ju{aLrsf] juL{o ;+3if{sf] kmfObfp7fp‘b} ToxL dflns ju{sf s]xL pbf/ /k|ultzLn dflnsx? ;fdGtL o'usf;fdGtx?df ?kfGtl/t eP/ ;'vef]uu/]sf lyP . To:t} lsl;dn] ;fdGtLo'udf ls;fgx? ;fdGtx?sf] zf]if0f tyfpTkL8gsf] lzsf/ ePsf lyP . t/ oLb'O{ ju{aLrsf] ;+3if{sf] kmfObf p7fp‘b};fdGtL ju{sf s]xL pbf/ tyf k|ultzLn;fdGtx? k"‘hLjfbL o'usf k"‘hLkltx?df?kfGtl/t eP/ lanf;L hLjgofkgub}{5g\ . casf] o'u eg]sf] ;j{xf/fjfbLo'u xf] . o; o'udf k"‘hLkltx? csf]{ s'g};Qfl;g gof‘ ju{df ?kfGtl/t x'g];Defjgf af‘sL /xg uPsf] 5}g . o;cy{df k"‘hLkltx?sf] cl:tTj ;+s6df kb}{hfg yfn]sf] 5 / pgLx?n] cfGtl/s?kdflj leGgvfn ] r 'gf }tLx?sf ] ;fdgfug' {kl//x]sf] 5 . pgLx?n] cfkm \gf];+s6u|:t cl:tTjnfO{ /Iff ug{sf] nflucfly{s tyf /fhgLlts b'a} If]qdfpbf/jfbsf] gLlt cjnDag ub}{ cfPsf5g\ . hL 6\jfG6Lsf] gfddf ;+ul7t ePsf5g\ / ljZjsf] cfly{s a[l4b/nfO{clea[l4 ug]{ ;xdlt u/]sf 5g\ . oltdfqxf]Og, pgLx?n] o'/f]lkog o'lgog, la|:scflb h:tf ;+3;+u7gx?dfkm {t klgcfGtl/s r'gf}tLx?sf] ;fdgf ug]{ k|oTgul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ klg ljZjdf wgL /ul/jaLrsf] vf8n lbgk|ltlbg a9\b}uO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ k"‘hLkltx?ljZjJofkL?kdf g} /IffTds cj:yfdfk'lu;s] eGg] xf]Og . pgLx? cem} klgcfqmfds cj:yfdf g} 5g\ / Pstfa4cj:yfdf 5g\ . cft+sjfbsf] la?4rln/x]sf] tyfslyt ljZjo'4nfO{ cfkm\gf]kIfsf] ljhodf 6'+Uofpgsf nflu pgLx?n]cTofw'lgs xltof/x?sf] lgdf{0f / k/LIf0ful//x]sf 5g\ . ljZjhut olta]nf k/df0f'o'4sf] ;aeGbf a9L vt/fsf] sfnv08df/x]sf] 5 . cGt/LIf k|ljlwdf ce"tk"j{;kmntf xfl;n ub}{5g\ / d+un u|xdfdfgj ld;g k7fpg] tof/L ul//x]sf 5g\ .pgLx?n] l;+uf] ljZjnfO{ nf]stflGqs/0fu/]/ k" ‘hLjfbL ;f‘rf]df 9fNg] k|oTgul//x]sf 5g\ . ljZj nf]stflGqs/0fsf]k|efj ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf klgk/]sf] 5 . ljZjsf s}of+} b]zsf sDo'lgi6kf6L{x? r'gfjL k|lt:kwf{sf] dfWodaf6;Qfdf cfl;g eP/ cfkm\gf] ;fDojfbLWo]o p2]ZonfO{ cufl8 a9fO/x]sf 5g\ .g]kfnsf sltko sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n] klgnf]stflGqs ljlwaf6 ;Qf?9 x'g] /cfwf/e"t ju{sf] lxtdf s]xL ;'wf/fTdssfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug]{ cEof;x? ul/;s]sf5g\ . pgLx?sf] o; cEof;n] sDo'lgi6x?nf]stfGqla/f]wL xf]Ogg\ eGg] ;TonfO{ k'li6ub{5 . km/s oltdfq xf] ls sDo'lgi6x?cfly{s ;dfgtf ;lxtsf ] nf]stGq
k|wfg zq'sf] ?kdf ls6fg ul/Psf]/fhgLlts zlQmn] cfd"n kl/jt{gsfdL/fhgLlts bn / To;sf ;dy{sz'e ]R5 's hgtfnfO { lgaf {w?kdf/fhgLlts ultljlwx? ;~rfng ug]{/ hgfb]z;lxt ;/sf/df uP/ hgd'vLgLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? nfu' ug]{ k|lqmofdfs'g} afwf Jojwfg v8f ub}{g ta;DdpgLx?n ] zfl Gtk " 0 f { / fhgLltscfGbf]ngsf] dfWodaf6 g} cfd"nkl/jt{gsf] Wo]o p2]ZonfO{ cufl8a9fpg ;Sg'kb{5 . o:tf] cg's"n/fhgLlts kl/l:yltdf cfkm\gf cf]hk"0f{/ ts{k"0f{ ljrf/x?sf] dfWodaf6pgLx?sf] dg / dl:tisnfO{ lhTg]k|oTg gu/L cd"t{?kdf zlQm k|of]usf]/fhgLltnfO{ dfq k|fyldstf lbg]sDo'lgi6x? cGttf]uTjf cft+sjfb /pu|jfbsf ] e8 \sfpdf kg ] { k |an;Defjgf /xG5 . pu| jfdkGyL jfblIf0fkGyL e8\sfpdf gk/L ;xLqmflGtsf/L nfOgsf] kIfkf]if0f ub} {g]kfnsf sDo'lgi6x?sf] aLrdf sfo{utPstf :yflkt ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] csf]{cfwf/laGb' eg]sf] …zflGtk"0f{ /fhgLltsk|lt:kwf{df ;xefuLÚ x'g] gLlt xf] .
s'g} klg jfdkGyL kf6L{n] hgtfnfO{;+3if{df pqgsf] nflu clkn ug'{eGbfklxn] pgLx?nfO{ ;+3if{sf] nIf jfsfo{qmdaf/] ;':ki6?kdf af]w u/fpg;Sg'kb{5 . tTkZrft dfq pgLx?n]cfkm" ;xefuL x'g] ;+3if{ jf qmflGtsf]:jfldTj u|x0f ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ . olta]nfg]kfnL ;dfh k"‘hLjfbL r/0fdf k|j]zu/]sf] 5 . of] k" ‘hLjfb blIf0fkGyLk" ‘hLjfbL zlQmx?sf] g]t[Tjdf dfq:yflkt ePsf] geP/ jfdkGyL k"‘hLjfbLzlQmx?sf] lg0ff{os kxnsbdLo'Qmg]t[Tjdf :yflkt ePsf] xf] . gj:yflktk"‘hLjfbdf sDo'lgi6 zlQmx?sf] jr{:j:yflkt ePsf] 5 . hgtfsf] alnbfgk"0f{;+3if{sf] kl/0fd:j?k :yfkgf ePsf]jt{dfg k"‘hLjfbL Joj:yfnfO{ ;+:yfutgu/ L ;dfhjfbpGd 'v hgj fbLcy{tGqsf] lgdf{0fnfO{ cu|ult k|bfgug { ; lsb }g . o; P ] ltx f l;ssfo{ef/nfO{ k"/f ug{sf nflu oyfzL3|;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/L 3f]if0ff ug'{ lgtfGth?/ L 5 . o;/ L o lta ]n fsDo'lgi6x?sf] aLrdf Pstf sfod ug{;xof]u ug]{ csf]{ cfwf/laGb' eg]sf]…;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf s]lGb|t x'g'Ú xf] .g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n]olta]nf cfkm\gf ;Dk"0f{ lghL lxtx?eGbf dfly cfd g]kfnL hgtfsf]lxtnfO{ /fVb} …cfly{s ;dfgtf;lxtsf]nf ]stGqÚ, …zflGtk"0f{ /fhgLltsk|lt:kwf{df ;xeflutfÚ / …;+ljwfglgdf{0fdf s]lGb|t x'g'Ú nfO{ Pstfsf tLgcfwf/laGb' dfgL Pstfa4 eP/ g]kfnL;dfhsf] cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] dxfgcleofgnfO{ ;fy{s / ;kmn kfg]{ bfloTjlgjf{x ug{ cd"No of]ubfg lbg'k/]sf] 5 .
xfd|f] ;dfhdf sd{nfO{ k|wfgdflgPsf] 5 . sd{ cg';f/sf] eljio lgdf{0fx'G5 . x:t/]vf klg sd{s} cfwf/df aGb}hfG5 . dflg; eP/ hlGdPkl5 s'g sd{ug]{, s'g sd{ gug]{ eGg] ljifodf hfGgh?/L x'G5 . ;Tsd{ u/] hLjg ;'vdoaG5 / b'isd{sf] kl/0ffdn] dflg;nfO{si6s/ hLjg latfpg afWo x'g'kb{5 .hLjgdf b'Mv kfOG5 cyf{t\ b'isd{sf]kl/0ffd ef]Ug}k5{ . o;sf y'k|} pbfx/0f -k|df0f_ klg 5g\ . hjfgLdf /ft/ft 3'Dg],5f]§L a:g], b'/frf/ ug]{, k/:qL udg ug]{ .afa'–cfdfk|lt s'g} jf:tf gug]{, cfkm">Ldfg–>LdtL dfq ;'v ef]u ug]{ jf ug{vf]Hg], s]xL JolQmx? clxn] b'MvL hLjglatfO/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf JolQmx? ndxLd}klg 5g\ . gfd vf]Ng plrt gxf]nf .
o;}u/L sf]Onfaf;s} pRr vfgbfgL3/fgfsf Pshgf o'jf clxn] ef/tdfs;/L lbg u'hf/f ubf{xf]nfg\ ;f]rgLoljifo 5 . dflg;sf] hLjgdf ;+utcg';f/sf] :jefj aG5 . afNofj:yfb]lvub}{ cfPsf] ;+utsf] kl/0ffdaf6 hLjgsf]df]8 aGb} hfG5 . c;n sfdsf ]kl/0ffdaf6} dflg; k|wfgdGqL, dGqL,;ef;b\h:tf JolQm aGg hfG5 cyf{t;'v–ef]u ug]{ cj;/ kfp‘5g\ . dflg;;DkGg eO;s]kl5, ;'vdf 8'a]kl5cfkm"n] ug]{ sd{ / st{Jo e'N5 / gug'{kg]{
xdx'sf n}rnf} lbNnL gfr b]vfj}
/fw]Zofd u'Ktf
sfo{ ug{ yfN5 . xTof, cft+s, anfTsf/h:tf h3Go cfk/flws sd{ ug{ yfN5 .cfkm"eGbf ;Ddflgt JolQmsf] ckdfg ug{r'Sb}g / kl5 uP/ b'MvL hLjg latfpgafWo x'G5 . hLjg ;'vdo agfpgsf nflu/fd|f] ;+ut ug]{ ljåfgx?sf] ;fydf a:g],5nkmn ug]{, lgisif{ lgsfNg] / /fd|f] sd{ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;dfhdf dof{lbt b[li6sf]0fn]x]l/G5 . ;Ddfg klg kfOG5 . Tof] w|'j;Toxf] . t/ slxn]sfxL+ dof{bf e+u klg ug'{kbf]{/x]5 . sltko dof{bf e+u ug'{nfO{h3Go ck/fw dflgb}g .
s'/f @)#* sf] xf] . sf]Onfaf;sfJofkf/L a[h laxf/L, Zofd ljxf/Ln]kxf8af6 cfPsf] cb'jf 6«saf6 lbNnLk7fpg] ug'{x'GYof] . To;a]nf dnfO{ klg lbNnL3'Dg] /x/ hfUof] . ToxL cb'jfsf] 6«sdfa;]/ cb'jfsf] k|ltlglw ag]/ rf/ k6slbNnL 3'Dg] cj;/ kfPsf]df a[h laxf/Lkl08thLnfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .
lbNnLsf] Zofd k|m'6 sDkgLdf cb'jfhfg] ub{Yof] . sDkgLdf a:bf;Dd xf]6nsf]tGb'/L /f]6L, df;sf] bfn k|mfO{ / /fd|f]t/sf/L k|foM ;w+} vfg kfOGYof] . ;'Tg] /fd|f]la5f}gf klg pknAw lyof] . ;+of]ujzkl5Nnf] k6s a[h laxf/L kl08thLsf u'Ktfd'lgd / g]kfn~haf6 kl08t eGg] csf]{d'lgd klg lbNnL k'u] . Pslbg xfdLnfO{s}j/]8fG; x]g]{ /x/ nfUof] / Tof] 8fG; x]g{
hfg] of]hgf agfof}+ . sDkgLs} Ps d'lgdnfO{;‘u} lnP/ ;AhLd08L glhs kg]{ cAaf/]i6'/f‘df k'Uof}+ . …?= !) d] s}j/]8fG; e/k'/dgf]/~hg b]lvPÚ eg]/ :yfgLo klqsfdflj1fkg 5flkP klg /]i6'/f‘df k'uL l6s6s6fpg hf‘bf ?= #% dfUof] . /]6 a9L ;'g]kl5Tof] 8fG; x]g]{ ls gx]g]{ eGg] ljifodf 5nkmnul//x]sf lyof+} . To;} a]nf /]i6'/fjfnfn]eGof] …hNbL lslhP gxL tf] xfp;km'nxf]hfPufÚ olt ;'g]kl5 xfdL xtf/–xtf/uP/ l6s6 s6fof}+ / xnleq k|j]z u¥of}+ .Tof] xnleq tLg hgfsf] Ps u|'k Psflt// kf‘rhgfsf] csf]{ u|'k bfof‘tkm{ a;]sf],c? ;L6 eg] vfnL lyP‘ . xfdL rf/ hgfsf];d'x 5'§} a:of}+ / s]xLa]/ kl5 s}j/] gfrz'? eof] . gt{sLn] gflr;s]kl5 bz{s;‘u}xft ldnfpg cfpg] /]i6'/f‘sf] lgod lyof] .xft ldnfpg] qmddf ;a} bz{sn] xftldnfP, 5]pdf a;fn] klg . d}n] cfkm\gf]dof{bf e+u x'g] 8/n] xft gldnfPkl5 xfd|f]6f]nLsf] s;}n] klg xft ldnfPg . t/ Toxf‘xft ldnfpg} kbf]{/x]5 . xft gldnfPkl5…ox 708f b]zsf cfbdLÚ eg]/ eGbf/x]5g\ .To;}n] csf]{ gt{sL gfr]/ xft ldnfpgcfPkl5 v'zL / uj{sf ;fy xft ldnfof+} .t/ xfdL Ps csf{;‘u of] gfr x]/L xftldnfPsf] sf]Onfaf; k'u]kl5 s;}n] klgxNnf gug]{ ;xdlt eof] . gfr x]/]/ kmsL{sf]7fdf ;'t]kl5 Tof] gfrsf] b[Zo ;kgf
ag]sf] lyof] .To;a]nf gof‘ o'uaf]w ;fKtflxsdf
…lbNnLsf] /]i6'/f‘df gfËf] gfrÚ eGg]zLif{sdf ;dfrf/ k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] .o'uaf]wsf kf7s / eG;f/ sfof{nosfs]xL sd{rf/Lx?n] …u'KtfhL dnfO{ klggfr b]vfpg lbNnL n}hfg';\Ú eg]/ cg'/f]wklg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ahf/sf s]xLn]klg …xdx'sf n}rnf} lbNnL gfr b]vfj}Úeg] . d}n] cfkm\gf] hLjgdf dof{bf dfqe+u u/] klg s'g} cg}lts sfo{ gu/]sfn]gof‘ o'uaf]wdf ;dlk{t ePkl5 b'MvLhLjg latfpg' k/]g .
wGg † Tof] klqsf a'jfsf] xftdfk/]g . olb k/]sf] eP a'jfn] dnfO{ emkfg'{x'GYof] / eGg' x'GYof] …Oxsf lbNnL 3'd},Jofkf/s} ;fdfg nfj} k7fP /x]g, Otf}/]i6'/f‘df gfr b]v} hfOs df/] rf/ d/tjf6«sdf a}7s} lbNnL ujf .Ú t/ a'afsf]emk f/af6 aF ‘r ]s f ] c fh k lg;lDem/xG5' . …xdx'sf n}rnf} lbNnL gfrb]vfj}Ú eGg]x? cem} klg dnfO{ b]Vof] ls…lbNnL rnf}Ú eGg 5f8]sf 5}gg\ .
lzjd\ cf/f]Uo s]Gb|8f= lk=Pg= emf=åf/f ;~rflnt lzjd\ cf/f]Uo s]Gb|df ca yk pTs[i6
;]jf ;'ljwfsf ;fy k|To]s lbg lj/fdL r]shf“Fr eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . 8f= åf/f lbOg] ;]jfx? M k'?if M ln+u pQ]hgf gx'g], s8fkg gx'g], zlQmdf sdL, zL3| :vngsf] ;d:of, of}g ;Dks{af6 ;g] { ;+qmldt of}g /f]ux?sf] ;kmn pkrf/ . dlxnf M dlxgfjf/Ldf ;d:of, ;]tf] kfgL aUg], of]gL lrnfpg], tNnf] k]6 b'Vg], 9f8 b'Vg], of} g OR5fdf sdL, of]gL ;'Vvf x'g] cflb . 5fnf M 8l08kmf]/ , cg'xf/sf] rfof kf]tf], ;]tf] b'jL, bfb, 3fp, vl6/f tyf 5fnfhGo ;Dk"0f{ / f]usf] ;kmn pkrf/ . lgM;Gtfgkg M dlxnf–k'?ifdf x'g] lgM;Gtfgkg ;d:ofsf] ;kmn pkrf/ . cGo /f]ux? M Uofli6«s, kfoN;, ;'u/, k|];/, bd, jfy tyf g;f;DaGwL /f]u, dfgl;s /f]ux?, lbdfusf] af]wf]kg, g}/ fZotf, clgb|f, lrGtf, 8/, eo, qf;, xfO8«f]l;n, xlg{of, b'Anf]kg, df]6f]kg, hl08; cflbsf] ;kmn pkrf/ .
lj/fdL r]shf“r ug] { ;do M ljxfg & ah]b]lv ^ ah];Dd
;Dks{ kmf]g g+= M (*$$!!*)!(, (*)^@@%!&()
kmf]gaf6 klg gfd btf{ ug{ ;lsG5 .
xfd|f ;]jfx? M l ljz]if1 8fS6/åf/f k|To]s lbg lj/fdL r]shfFr l pTs[i6 Kofyf]nf]hL Nofj l kmfd] {;L
;Dks{ M lzjd\ cf/f]Uo s]Gb|3f]/ fxL, bfª -t'n;Lk'/ rf]sb]lv !)) ld= klZrd b]p/fnL bf]xf]/ L ;fFemsf] bf];|f] tNnfdf_
^ ;dfrf/www.nayayougbodh.com@)&! ;fn k'; @ ut] a'wjf/ (Dec. 17, 2014)
CMYK
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d]if -r",r],rf],nf,nL,n",n],nf],c_ M tkfO“nfO{ cfh lk|ohg;“u e]6 / wgnfesf ;fy} Joj;foaf6 kmfObf x'g ;Sg] of]u b]lvG5 .
t'nf -/f,/L,?,/],/f],tf,tL,t",t]_ M tkfO“nfO{ cfh JolQmTj / af]nLsf] k|efj a9\g] dg k/]sf] ef]hg k|fKt x'g] of]u b]lvG5 .
ldy'g -sf,sL,s",3,ª,5,s],sf],x_ M tkfO“nfO{ cfh ljBf -af}l4s_ / ;Gtfgsf] If]qdf wg vlr{g'kg]{ / sfo{ ;kmntfsf] of]u sdhf]/ b]lvG5 .
wg' -o],of],ef,eL,e",w,kmf,9f,e]_ M tkfO“nfO{ cfh cToGt} k|efjsf/L nfesf] of]u b]lvG5 . ;fgf]ltgf] zf/Ll/s ;d:ofx? klg /xg ;S5 .
l;+x -df,dL,d",d],df],6f,6L,6",6]_ M tkfO“nfO{ cfh k/fqmd sfo{ aGg], wg b|Joflb nfe x'g] of]u b]lvG5 .
s'De -u",u],uf],;,;L,;',;],;f],b_ M tkfO“nfO{ cfh wfld{s / ;/sf/L If]qdf ;kmn of]u b]lvb}g . cfTdUnfgL x'g ;Sg] of]u b]lvG5 .
j[if -O{,pm,P,cf],jf,lj,j",j],jf]_ M tkfO“nfO{ cfh 3/kl/jf/sf] If]qdf k|lts"ntf dxz';, lrGtf kl/>d zq'afwf cflb /xg ;S5 . wg b|Joflb nfe x'g] b]lvG5 .
j[lZrs -tf],gf,gL,g",g],gf],of,oL,o"_ M tkfO“nfO{ cfh lrGtf, emd]nf emu8f / vr{ a[l4 u/fpg ;Sg] of]u b]lvG5 .
ss{6 -xL,x",x],xf],8f,8L,8",8],8f]_ M tkfO“nfO{ u[xIf]q / kfl/jfl/s If]q emd]nfo'Qm b]lvG5 . Oi6ldqsf] ;fy b]lvb}g .
ds/ -ef],hf,hL,h",h],hf],vf,vL,v",v],vf],uf,uL_ M tkfO“nfO{ cfh sfo{If]q, hflu/ If]qdf /fd|f] of]u b]lvG5 . /fHosf] k|efj cg's"n /xnf .
sGof -6f],k,kL,k",if,0f,7,k],kf]_ M tkfO“nfO{ cfh lg/fzfo'Qm ;do b]lvG5 . wgsf] gfz jf vr{ x'g ;S5 .
dLg -bL,b",y,em,~f,b],bf],rf,rL_ M tkfO“nfO{ cfh zf/Ll/s ;d:of, lrGtf, zf]s sf/s ;do b]lvG5 . ;fjwfgL ckgfpg'xf]nf .
g]kfn Hof]ltif kl/ifb\lhNnf zfvf, bfª
Hof]= e'jg]Zj/ a~hf8]df]afOn M (*$&*$!@%!
…efUo eGbf sd{df ljZjf; u/f} +Ú
cfhsf] /fzLkmn@)&!.)(.)@ ut] a'wjf/
kf}if s[i0fkIf, bzdL ltly, gIfq lrqfcfh bfªsf] ;"of]{bo &M)!M)$, ;"of{:t %M@!M)$
* gd:t] † z'e ljxfgL oxf“x? ;a}sf] cfh ;kmn /xf];\ * uf]r/jz zlgb]j rGb|dfb]lv rt'{y / ci6d :yfgdf cfp“bf cb}of bzf z'? x'G5 .
d]/ f] lgDg Joxf]/ fsf] / fxbfgL ldlt @)&! sflt{s !% ut]wgf{af6 3f]/fxLtkm{ hf“Fb} ubf{ x/fPsf] x'“Fbf km]nf kfg'{x'g]dxfg'efjn] glhssf] k|x/L sfof{no jf lgDg 7]ufgfdf ;Dks{ ul/lbg'xf]nf .
gfd M rGb| a'9f /fxbfgL g+= M %@*!)^(7]ufgf M wgf{ uf=lj=;=–#, bfª ;Dks{ g+= M (*)(*%#)#$
/fxbfgL x/fPsf] ;"rgf †d]/ f] lgDg Joxf]/ fsf] nfO;]G; ldlt @)&! d+l;/ !% ut]
dfgk'/af6 u9jftkm{ cfp“Fb} ubf{ x/fPsf] x'“Fbf km]nf kfg'{x'g]dxfg'efjn] glhssf] k|x/L sfof{no jf lgDg 7]ufgfdf ;Dks{ ul/lbg'xf]nf .
gfd M j]b} rf}w/L nfO;]G; g+= M )(!!&#@7]ufgf M u+ufk/:k'/–( af]wLk'/, bfª ;Dks{ g+= M (*)**(*^)&
nfO;]G; x/fPsf] ;"rgf †
-oxL k'; $ / % ut]sf lbg_
;Dks{ M dftf dgsfdgf cfo'j]{b cf/f]Uo s]Gb|Go"/f]8 3f]/fxL, bfª, kmf]g M )*@–%^@(*#, df]= (*$&*&&!!$
5fnf tyf of}g /f]u ljz]if1 8f= 3f]/fxL bfªdf
8fS6/åf/f lbg] pkrf/ ;]jfx? M 5fnf M cg'xf/df ePsf bfu, 8l08kmf]/, rfof, sfnf]kf]tf], sf]7L, kmf]sf, b'jL, d';f, lhp lrnfpg], PnhL{ tyf ;Dk"0f{ 5fnfhGo /f]ux?sf] ;kmn pkrf/ ;]jf . zL3| ktg, wft' v:g], of}g ;Gt'li6 gx'g], pd]/cg';f/ of}g c+usf] ljsf;
gePsf], ln+u pQ]hgf gx'g] cflb ;d:ofx?sf] ;kmn pkrf/ . dlxgfjf/L u8a8L, tNnf] k]6 b'Vg], ;]tf] kfgL aUg], of}gL lrnfpg], ;?jf
of}ghGo /f]ux?, of}g c+usf] ljsf; gePsf] . l;kmln;, ugf]l/of tyf cGo ;?jf of}g/f]ux? / xdf]{gn ;d:ofx?sf] ;kmn pkrf/ . dfgl;s 8/, eo, lg/fzf, lvGgtf, lbdfusf] af]wf]kg, s'nt cflb
;d:ofx?sf] ;kmn pkrf/ . lgM;Gtfgkg tyf af“emf]kgsf] plrt k/fdz{ tyf pkrf/ ;]jf .
wgjGt/L cfo'j]{b xl:k6n P08 l/;r{ ;]G6/ sf7df8f}+sf jl/i7 5fnf tyf of}g /f]u ljz]if1 8fS6/åf/f oxL k'; $ / % ut]sf lbg :jf:Yo kl/If0f ul/g] x'“Fbf ljz]if1 ;]jfsf] nfe lng'xf];\ .
cg'xf/df ePsf sf]7L, 8l08kmf]/ / kmf]sfsf] cTofw'lgs d]lzgsf] k|of]uåf/f pkrf/ ul/g] ePsfn] To:tf lj/fdLn] oyfzL3| ;Dks{ ug'{xf]nf .
lj/fdL hf“Rg] ldlt tyf ;do M oxL k'; $ / % ut]sf lbg
kmf]gaf6 klg gfd btf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
cledt
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfª zfvfn] cfkmgf] @@ cf} + :yfkgf lbj; ljleGg sfo{qmd u/]/ dgfO/x]sf] 5 . bfª zfvfdf @ ;o a9L ;b:o 5g\ . h;n] lhNnfsf ljleGg rf/j6f b}lgs, ;ft j6f ;fKtflxs, b'O{j6f dfl;s / !# j6f PdPd /]l8of]df sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . @)$( ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfª zfvfcGtu{t /x]sf ;~rf/sdL{ / ;~rf/ dfWodn] ug] { kqsfl/tfn];dfhdf v]n]sf] e"ldsfsf cfwf/df bfªsf] kqsfl/tf s:tf] 5 egL kqsf/ dxf;+3sf g]t[Tjstf{x?sf] cledt lnPsf 5f+} . o'uaf]wsdL{ h]=Pg= ;fu/n] lnPsf] cledt oxf“ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . – ;Dkfbs
kqsf/n] /fli6«o wd{ lgjf{x ug'{k5{ k|];n] hgtfsf] cfzf ;fy{s agfpg] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{k5{g ] k f n s f ]
k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngb]lv )^@÷^# ;fn;Ddsf h g c f G b f ] n g d f kqsfl/tfsf] e"ldsf cu|ufdL b:tfsf] ?kdf uf}/jzfnL /xg uPsf]cld6 P]ltxfl;s ;To xf] . To;kl5sf lbgdf cfGbf]ngsf/L /fhgLlts zlQmx? /ge'Nn / ;+sL0f{ bnLo :jfy{ k|] l/t x'“bf g}
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf lanDa x'g uPsf] 5 . P]ltxfl;s ;sf/fTds pknlAwx?nfO{ cjd"Nog x'g] u/L d'n's kZrudglt/ cled'v x'g] vt/f a9\bf] 5 .
o;} k[i7e"lddf xfd|f] kqsfl/tfsf] ;dLIff x'g h?/L 5 . olta]nf ;g\ !&*( lt/sf] k|mfG;]nL /fHoqmflGtkl5 b]vf k/]sf] k|ltqmflGtsf] cz'e ;+s]tx? b]vf kg{ yfn]sf 5g\ . o; cj:yfdf clxn]kqsfl/tfdf b]vf k/]sf] cndn b]Vbf ;Gtf]if ug] { 7fp“ yf]/ } 5 . ctM kqsf/x?n] cfk\mgf] uf}/jzfnL k/Dk/f sfod ub} { cufl8 a9\g] k|oTg gug] { xf] eg] k|mfG;]nL kL8f ;Demfpg] cwf]ultsf] vt/f dx;'; ub{5' .
kqsfl/tfsf] pHHjn Oltxf; ;Dem]/ dnfO{ eGg dg nfU5 cfh kqsf/x?n] bnLo wd{ lgjf{x ug{'eGbf /fli6«o wd{ lgjf{x ug] {tkm{ cled'v x'g'k5{ . ;+ljwfgsf d"n ljifox?af6 e6\lsP/ k|b]zx?sf] ;+Vof / gfdsf]axfgfdf efua08fsf] emu8fdf b]lvg] k|j[lQ plrt 5}g . of] ;Tosf] pb\3f6gdf kqsf/x? ;r]t x'g h?/L 5 .
;j{k|yd g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfª zfvfsf] @@ cf} + :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/df ;Dk"0f{ bªfnL kqsf/x?nfO{ xflb{s awfO{ /z'esfdgf JoQm ug{ rfxG5' . xfdLn]@)$( ;fndf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfª zfvf :yfkgf ubf{sf sltko ;+:yfks ;b:ox? clxn] xfdL aLr x'g'x'Gg . d pxf“x?sf] :d/0f ub} { >4f~hnL JoQm ug{ rfxG5' .
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfª zfvfsf] :yfkgf ubf{ / clxn]sf]
cj:yfdf 7"nf] kl/jt{g cfO;s]sf] 5 . To;a]nf bfªdf ;~rf/dfWodsf ?kdf ;Lldt 5fkf dfWod dfq lyP eg] kqsf/x?sf];+Vof klg lgs} sd lyP . clxn] vf;u/L bfªdf klg ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWodsf] :yfkgfkl5 ;~rf/ dfWod / kqsf/x?sf];+Vofdf lgs} a[l4 ePsf] 5 . ;dfhdf k|];sf] kx'“r t'ngfTds ?kdf tLj| ultdf a9]sf] 5 . t/ x/]s ult / ;kmntf;“u}r'gf}tLx? klg cfpg] k|lqmofaf6 bfªsf ;~rf/ dfWod /kqsf/x? klg :jfefljs?kdf d'Qm x'g] s'/f ePg . sdhf]/ju{sf] kIfw/tf / ;fdflhs Gofosf] ld;g af]s]/ k|f/De ePsf] bªfnL k|]; Jofj;flos kqsfl/tfsf] cfhsf] lbg;Dd cfOk'Ubf cfkm\gf] Tof] cfbz{nfO{ s;/L arfO/fVg] eGg] s7f]/r'gf}tLjLr plePsf] h:tf] dnfO nfU5 . zlQm;DkGg JolQm /alnof ;+:yfx?n] xfdLnfO{ k|ToIf jf k/f]If?kn] k|efljt gu?g\ eGg] b[9 OR5fzlQm clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] . of] sdhf]/ x'g]vt/faf6 xfdLn] aRg'k5{ . lsgeg] clxn] ;Dk"0f{ ;fdflhs Joj:yf alnofx?s} kIfdf s]lGb|t x“'b}5 . /fhgLltnufot ;dfhsf ljleGg c+ux?df cfbz{ / d"Nox?df h'g 8/nfUbf]lj36g b]lvPsf] 5 o;sf] k|efj bfªsf] k|]; hutnfO{ hf]ufpg clxn]sf] ;a}eGbf uDeL/ r'gf}tL xf] . ;dfhdf alnof JolQm jf ;+:yfx?sf] x}sd rn]sf] of] a]nf /fhgLlt / cy{gLlt klg pgLx?s} kIfdf uPsf] 5 . of] a]nf hgtfn] :jfefljs?kdf cfzfsf] b[li6n] x]g] { eg]sf] rf}yf] c+usf] ?kdf /x]sf] ;~rf/dfWod / kqsf/x?k|lt g} xf] . xfdLn] Tof] cfzfnfO{ lg/fzfdf kl/0ft x'g lbg' x'“b}g . sltkonfO{ d]/f oL ljrf/ a9L cfbz{jfbL klg nfUnf ltgLx?k|lt d]/f] hjfkm 5 x/]s ;+:yf / k]zf lglZrt cfbz{lagf ;f“lRrs} hLjGt /xg;S5 . cGtdf, Tof] hLjgtfsf] kIfdf nfUg] k|]/0ff :yfkgf lbj;n] b]cf];\ d]/f]xflb{s z'esfdgf .
gf/fo0fk|;fb zdf{;+:yfks cWoIfg]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfª zfvf
;dfhsf] c+u ag]sf] 5 kqsfl/tfbfªsf] kqsfl/tfsf] Oltxf;
b'O{ bzs eGbf a9L eO;s]sf] 5 . kqsfl/tfsf] If]qdf oL b'O{ bzs uf}/jk"0f{ Oltxf;sf ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . clxn] bfªsf] kqsfl/tf b]zd} gd"gf 5 . of] xfd|f] dfq}bfjL xf]Og, b]zsf ljleGg 7fp“df bfªsf] kqsfl/tfsf] af/]df rrf{ klg x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] of] b'O{ bzseGbf a9Lsf] ofqf dxTjk"0f{ ag]sf] 5 .
dxTjk'0f{ s'/f t kqsfl/tfnfO{ ;dfhn] ;sf/fTds lx;fan] lnPsf] 5 . Ps lsl;dn] bfªsf]kqsfl/tf ;dfhsf] cleGg c+usf] ?kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . o;nfO{ ;dfhn] g} :jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . dnfO{ nfU5 of]pknlJw g]t[Tjn] v]n]sf] ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjsf] e"ldsfn] g}xfl;n ul/Psf] 5 . ;dfhdf kqsfl/tfsf] ;sf/fTds k|efj kfg] { g]t[Tjs} sfo{s'zntf, nugzLntf, ;dfh;]jfs} sf/0f bfªsf] kqsfl/tf gd"gf ag]sf] xf] . oxL ;sf/fTds kf6f]nfO{ xfd|f l5d]sL lhNnfdf l;sf] ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .
t/ bfªsf] kqsfl/tf hlt /fd|f] 5 o;nfO{ sfod /fVg ca g]t[TjnfO{ r'gf}tL klg 5 . kl/jf/ a9]sf] 5 / ;~rf/dfWod klg a9]sf 5g\ . h;n] ljs[lt lglDtg] vt/f klg 5 . Tof]/f]Sg g]t[Tjn] ;f+u7lgs r':ttf Nofpg h?/L 5 . vf;u/L of]tLg k':tfsf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;dfof]hg u/]/ n}hfg'k5{ . csf] { s'/f ldl8ofsf] ljsf; / u'0f:t/nfO{ sfod} /fVg'k5{ . clxn] klg ldl8ofdf k"/ } ;do vlr{g] >dhLjL ;Gt'i6 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . >dhLjL clwsf/ / ldl8of ljsf;sf nflu ;+:yfut?kdf kxn ul/g'k5{ / kqsf/sf] g]t[Tj ljsf;df Wofg lbg'k5{ . h;n] ;Ifd kqsf/, u'0f:t/Lo kqsfl/tf / ldl8of ljsf;sf nflu 6]jf k'Ug]5 . kqsfl/tfdf 5f8fkg /f]Sg]5 .
chobLk zdf{s]Gb|Lo ;b:og]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3
/fHon] c? c+u;/x k|];nfO{ x]g'{k5{bfªsf] kqsfl/tf ljutsf]
eGbf ;zQm ePsf] dx;'; d}n]u/]sf] 5' . lhNnfdf h;/L kqsf// ldl8ofsf] ;+Vof a9]sf] 5 To;n]dlxnf kqsf/x?sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ klg a9fPsf] 5 . of] v'zLsf] s'/f 5 . oBlk ;Gtf]if lng'kg] { cj:yf eg] 5}g . h;/L ;xeflutf a9]sf] 5 To;/L pgLx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf cj;/x? lbOPsf] 5}g . h:tf] ;xeflutf 5 To;nfO{ yk ;zQm agfpg Wofg lbg'k5{ .
kl5Nnf lbgdf bfªdf ldl8ofsf] ;+Vof ylkb} uPsf 5g\ / kqsf/ klg ylkb}5g\ . t/ Toxf“leq >dsf] plrt d"No kfO/x]sf] cj:yf 5}g . sd kfl/>ldsdf w]/ } sfd ug'{kg] { cj:yf 5 . bfªdf kqsfl/tfsf] ljsf; / gd"gf kqsfl/tf x'“bfx'“b} klg >dhLjLn] >dsf] plrt d"No gkfpg' b'Mvb s'/f 5 . o;k|lt ldl8of xfp; / kqsf/ dxf;+3 tyf /fHon] klg Wofg lbg'k5{ .
;/sf/n] Joj:yflksf, Gofokflnsf / sfo{kflnsfnfO{ h;/L x]5{ rf}yf] c+usf] ?kdf lnOg] k|]; hutnfO{ klg p;}u/L x]g'{k5{ . nf]8 ;]l8ªn] ldl8of xfp; lynf]lynf] cj:yfdf 5g\ . lj1fkgsf] ;dfg ljt/0fsf s'/fdf /fHon] Wofg lbg'k5{ .
a;'Gw/f uf}td;Djfbbftf, ljljl;
kf7s ;|f]tf;Fu cGtlqm{of yflng'k5{bfªsf] kqsfl/tf ljlzi6
vfnsf] 5 . uj{ ug] { vfnsf]5 . aflx/L lhNnfaf6 bfªsf]kqsfl/tfsf] k|z+;f eO/x]sf] klg 5 . sf/0f s] xf] eg] pQ/bfoL kqsfl/tf bfªdf 5 . csf] { s'/f lhNnfdf ldl8ofsf] tLa| ljsf; ePsf] 5 . kqsf/ a9]sf 5g . oL ;a} v'zLsf ljifo x'g\ / uj{ ug] { ljifo klg x'g\ . t/ h;/L ldl8of / kqsf/sf] a[l4 ePsf]5 To;}u/L oL ;a} ldl8ofn]kf7s ;|f]tfn] vf]h]h:tf] ;"rgf
lbO/x]sf 5g\ < bfªsf] kqsfl/tfn] uDeL/ eP/ ;f]Rg'k5{ . ldl8of a9]sf 5g\, kqsf/ a9]sf 5g\ t/ lbOg]
v'/fs k|foM Ps} vfnsf 5g\ . xfdLn] kf7s ;|f]tfnfO{ s:tf]vf]h]sf 5g\ eGbf xfdLn] tof/ kf/]sf ljifo lbO/x]sf 5f} + . o;sf] cGTo x'g'k5{ . To;sf nflu x/]s ldl8ofn] kf7s, ;|f]tf;“u lbOg] ljifo, sfo{qmdsf af/]df lgoldt cGtlq{mof ug'{k5{ . cem ;lsG5 eg] a]nf–a]nfdf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO ul/g'k5{ . h;n] ldl8ofnfO{ ;|f]tf, kf7sx?n] ckgTj dx;'; u5{ / pgLx?n] rfx]sf ;fdu|L k|sfzg, k|;f/0fdf d2t k'U5 . of] ljlw bfªsf] kqsfl/tfn] :jLsfg'{k5{ .
To;f] t w]/ } s'/f bfªsf] kqsfl/tfdf /fd|f kIf 5g\ . o;nfO{ cem /fd|f] agfpg ;dofg's"n kqsfl/tfsf] wf/ks8\g' h?/L 5 . To;sf nflu ;f]xL cg';f/sf] tflndsf]Joj:yf ul/g'k5{ . oxf“sf] kqsfl/tfsf] k|efjs} sf/0f lhNnfdf kqsfl/tf k7gkf7g ug] { sn]hx? v'n]sf 5g . ldl8ofdf nufgL a9\b}5 . t/ ldl8of pBf]u xf] ls xf]Og o; ljifodf /fHosf] b[li6sf]0f cfpg'k5{ . o;n] ldl8ofdf nufgLsf] cfwf/ v8f ug] {5 . oBlk ldl8of ;~rfnsx? nufgLdfq} a9fpg] t/ Toxf“ sfd ug] { >dhLjLnfO{ zf]if0f ug] { k|j[lQn] cGttM ldl8of g} w/fkdf kg] { b]lvPsf] 5 . vf;u/L nufgLstf{n] >dhLjLsf] zf]if0f u/]/ ldl8of w/fkdf kfg] { eGbf >dhLjLnfO{ ;Gt'i6 kf/]/ ;jn ldl8of xfp; ;~rfng ug'{k5{ . >dhLjL ;Gt'i6 eP ldl8of alnof] x'G5 . oxf“ t Pp6f kqsf/ sfo{ynf]df k'Ubf cfh klqsfdf s]–s] ;dfrf/5flkPsf] 5 eGg] x]g'{eGbf cfh s'g 7fp“df hflu/ v'n]sf] 5 eGg] ;"rgf x]g] { cj:yf 5 . o;sf] cGTo ug{ ;s] bfªsf]kqsfl/tf cem} cAan / gd"gf aGb} hfg]5 .
;'bLk uf}tdcWoIfg]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfª zfvf
bfªsf] kqsfl/tf b]zn] lrGg ;Sg] ePsf] 5s'g}klg ljifosf /fd|f / g/fd|f
kIf x'G5g\ . bfªsf] clxn];Ddsf]kqsfl/tfdf g/fd|f kIfeGbf /fd|f kIfx? w]/ } 5g\ . kqsfl/tfsf]yfngL ubf{sf] ;dodf ;xh ;"rgf / k|ljlwb]lv a]va/ w]/ }h;f]kqsf/x? jt{dfg k':tf;‘u ;fy}lx“l8/x]sf 5g\ . cl3Nnf] k':tfsf]of]ubfglagf kl5Nnf] k':tfn]k|]/0ff k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g . bfªsf]kqsfl/tf eGg]lalQs} bfªn] dfq
x}g l;+uf] b]zn] ;d]t ;lhnf];‘u lrGg ;Sg] ePsf] 5 . of]g} ;an kIf xf] .
s'g}–s'g} kl/j]zdf cl3Nnf] k':tfnfO{ jt{dfg k':tfn]jf:tf gug] { / cl3Nnf] k':tfn] jt{dfg k':tfnfO{ glrGg] h:tf]Jojxf/ u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;tkm{ ;a} uDeL/ aGg'k5{ . Gofo, :jtGqtf / :jfledfgsf] kIfdf lgw{Ss pleg] kqsfl/tfn]slxNo} klg k/flht x'g'kb} {g .
e'jg b]jsf]6fs]Gb|Lo kfif{bg]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfª zfvf
;'zLn uf}tdk|]; :jtGqtf ;]gfgL
bf]xf]/f] ;~rf/sf] e"ldsf 5 bfªsf] kqsfl/tfdfbfªsf] kqsfl/tfn] 5f]6f]
;dodf w]/ } km8\sf] df/]sf] 5 . kqsf/ / ldl8ofsf] ;+Vof a[l4nfO{ x]g] { xf] eg] klg of] km8\sf] lgs}w]/ } 5 . bfªsf] kqsfl/tfsf w]/ } ;sf/fTds kIfx? 5g . vf;u/L @@ cf} + :yfkgf lbj; dgfO/x“bf clxn];Ddsf] pknlJw ;Gtf]ifhgs g} 5 . vf;u/L pQ/bfoL kqsfl/tf 5 bfªdf .
kl5Nnf] ;dodf lhNnfsf ldl8of se/]hnfO{ x]g] { xf] eg]
;a}eGbf pknlJw :yfgLo d'2fn] :yfg kfPsf 5g\ . htftt}s]Gb|Lotf xfjL eO/x]sf a]nf oxf“sf ldl8ofdf :yfgLotfn] 7fp“ kfpg' /fd|f] kIf xf] . h;n] :yfgLo d'2fnfO{ ;fdflhsLs/0f ug] { sfd u/]sf] 5 . csf] { s'/f bfªsf] kqsfl/tfn] bf]xf]/f];~rf/sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 . /fHosf s'/f hgtf;dIf / hgtfsf s'/f /fHo;dIf k'¥ofpg] dxTjk"0f{ sfd ePsf] 5 . of] klg dxTjk"0f{ sfd g} xf] . csf] { ;sf/fTds kIf eg]sf] gof“ k':tfsf] cfudg pT;fxhgs 5 .
To;f] t t'ngfTds?kn] bfªsf] kqsfl/tfdf lj;+ult sd 5 . o;n] lhNnfsf] kqsfl/tfdf :jfy{ s]lGb|t 5}g eGg] k'li6 u5{ . oxL sf/0fn] xf]nf oxf{sf] kqsfl/tfk|lt ljZj;gLotf 5 . s'g} klg d'2f p7fp“bf ;dfhn] ljZjf; u5{ . h;n]alnof] hgdt agfpg] dfWodsf] sfd klg ul//x]sf] cj:yf 5 . kqsfl/tf Joj;fo klg xf] . t/ o;df cfk;L k|lt:kwf{ klg 5}g . Psn] csf] {nfO{ ;Ddfg u/]s} cj:yf 5 . dnfO{ nfU5 of] @@ cf} + :yfkgf lbj;n] pQ/bfoL kqsfl/tfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;Sg] k|]/0ff b]cf];\ .
ljk'n kf]v|]nk"j{ s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIfg]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3
dlxnf ;xeflutf ;Gtf]ifhgs 5ldl8ofdf lxhf]eGbf
cfh w]/ } ljsf; ePsf]5 . kqsfl/tfdf dlxnfsf]pkl:ylt Tolt ;xh geP klg clxn]sf] pkl:ylt ;Gtf]ifhgs g} 5 . t'ngfTds?kdf dlxnfsf]pkl:ylt a9\bf xfdLn]o;nfO{ ;sf/fTds lx;fan] lnPsf 5f} + . o;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg'k5{ . vf;u/L
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Admission OpenFor Fluent spoken
English within 90 DaysWith full Guarantee for all above S.L.C.
Contact to :British English
Language Institute Opposite M.W. division Road Office-;8s l8lehg sfof{no cufl8, 3f]/fxL_
Mob. : 9847820699
Basic Course 599
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ldgaxfb'/ 3tL{ -j8f ;efklt_g]kfn t?0f bn 3f]/fxL g=kf=–#, bfª
a'emfpgf rf}w/L -j8f ;efklt_g]kfnL sf+u|];
3f]/fxL g=kf=–#, bfª
b|f]ktf Gof}kfg] lgd{nf uf}td/fwf cfrfo{ ;/:jtf uf}td?kgL rf}w/L
ljdnf 3tL{ nlIfdf rf}w/LnLnf g]kfnL ;Ltf lj=;L= s';'df 3tL{
xflb{s awfO{o; >L dx]Gb| lg=df=lj=
bnlhtk'/sL lzIfs >L sdnf zdf{n] ;dfh zf:q -Sociology_ ljifodf Pd=P= k|yd / låtLo jif{sf] k/LIff /]u'n/ kf; ug'{sf ;fy} Supervision ljifoaf6 Ps jif] { lj=P8= sf] hf“rdf ;d]t ;kmntf xfl;n ug'{ePsf] x'Fbf ;uj{ xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{5f} + .
k|]d jnL -k|=c=_
tyf >L dx]Gb| lg=df=lj= kl/jf/wgf{ bnlhtk'/, bfª
xflb{s awfO{xfd|f k/d ldq, ;fyL lbg]z
g]kfnL xfn} g]kfn ;/sf/sf]dGqL:t/Lo lg0f{oaf6 lhNnf ljsf; pk]lIft pTkLl8t blnt ju{ pTyfg ljsf; ;ldltsf]ul/dfdo pkfWoIf kbdf dgf]lgt x'g'ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{5f}+ .
;f]d uf]tfd] –ho nIdL uxgf k;n a}+s /f]8, bfªlg/~hg >]i7 –Go" lk~r km]G;L k;n a}+s /f]8, bfª
/fdeQm u'Ktf –hgtf a's :6n a}+s /f]8, bfª
xflb{s awfO{
oxL ldlt @)&! d+l;/ @% / @^ ut] ;DkGg /fKtL c~rn ;fj{hlgs oftfoft Joj;foL ;ldltsf] !^ cf} + clwj]zg tyf #@ cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efaf6 o; Joj;foL ;ldltsf z'elrGtsx?lht]Gb|axfb'/ zfx cWoIfdf, e/tgfy of]uL jl/i7 pkfWoIf, k':s/ lwtfn pkfWoIf, ;'/]z xdfn k|zf;lgs ;lrj, e/t/fh >]i7 sNof0fsfl/0fL ;lrj, k|lj0fs'df/ k'g du/sf]iffWoIf, lk|tds'df/ >]i7 ;xsf]iffWoIf, gf/fo0fk|;fb Gof}kfg] pk;lrjdf To;}u/L ;b:ox?df k|df]b ;f]gL, d"lt{k|;fb uf}td -lzjx/L_, led;]g nx/] , lbjfs/ Gof}kfg], ;f]dk|;fb kf}8]n, k'ik/fh lu/L, a;Gtaxfb'/ 1jfnL, emk]Gb| jnL -dx]z_, emk]Gb| jnL -emns_, wgs'df/L cfrfo{ -dfof kf08]_, ods'df/L lu/L / dx]z 1jfnL lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub} { pxfFx?sf] sfo{sfnsf] k"0f{ ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
lht]Gb|axfb'/ zfx k'is/ lwtfne/tgfy of]uL ;'/]z xdfn
e/t/fh >]i7 gf/fo0fk|;fb Gof}kfg]k|lj0fs'df/ k'g du/ lk|tds'df/ >]i7
lrGtfdl0f cfrfo{ -cWoIf_
bfª lhNnf 6]«S6/ Joj;foL ;ldlt kl/jf/ t'n;Lk'/, bfª