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af9L kLl8tsf nflu ;/sf/n]tTsfn s]xL /sd pknAw u/fP klgTo;kl5 clxn];Dd r'krfk a;]sf] af9LkLl8t km'naf/L–^ avl/ofsL l;dfvqLn] atfpg'eof] . ufpFdf af9Lk;]kl5 pkk|wfg Pj+ u[xdGqL jfdb]juf}td cfP/ kLl8tnfO{ /fxt lbg] /k'gaf{; lgdf{0fsf] sfd tTsfn cufl8a9fpg] 3f]if0ff u/] klg ;/sf/L kIfclxn];Dd ufpF gcfPsf] vqLn]atfpg'eof] . af9Ln] lhNNffsf $ ;o*( 3/ k"0f{ Iflt k'¥ofPsf] lyof] eg] @;o #( 3/ kl/jf/ cflz+s / ! ;o#% 3/df ;fdfGo vfnsf] Iflt k'¥ofPsf]lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldltsf]tYofª\sdf pNn]v 5 .

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;/sf/n] u [x dGqfnodfkm {t \k7fPsf] ! s/f]8 !@ nfv (& xhf/^ ;o ( ?k}ofF af9L kLl8tnfO{ lbPsf]lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªsf n]vfclws[t afnrGb| uf}tdn] hfgsf/Llbg'eof] . af9L kLl8tsf] k'gaf{;lgdf{0fsf nflu eGb} ejg l8lehgsfof{no bfªn] zx/L ljsf; dGqfno/ zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f

ljefudf k|:tfj k7fPsf] 5 . t/ clxn]k|:tfjsf af/]df s'g} hfgsf/L gcfPsf];x/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f l8lehgsfof {no bfªsf k |d 'v k/LlIfts8l/ofn] atfpg'eof] . lhNnfsf !$uflj;sf $ ;o !# k"0f{Iflt ePsf / !;o !# cflz+s ?kdf Iflt k'u]sf 3/sf];a} :6Ld]6 k7fO;s]sf] k|d'v s8l/ofn]hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . sfof{nosf] tkm{af6ut c;f]h / kmfu'g # ut] u/L b'O{k6s k|:tfjgf k]; u/] klg clxn];Ddhjfkm gcfpFbf af9L kLl8tsf nfluk'gaf{; lgdf{0fsf] sfd ;'? x'g] gx'g]eGg] af/]df o;} cfkm'x? klg cGof]ndfk/]sf] s8l/ofn] atfpg'eof] .

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bfª .bfª .bfª .bfª .bfª . o; jif { bfªsfljleGg vf]nfx?df ^ j6f gofFemf]n'' +u] k''n aGb}5g\ . :jL;;/sf/sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf6«]on la|h ;kf]6 o''lg6cGtu{tgofF lgdf{0f x''g] tL k''nx?sf] sfdeO/x]sf ] lhNnf k | f ljlwssfof{no bfªn] atfPsf] 5 .

sfof{nosf cg'';f/ o; jif{9''+u]3f/f emf]n''+u] k''n km''naf/L–*t''Ovf]nL, n}gtf/f3f6 emf]n''+u] k''n/fdk''/–( ch'{gvf]nf /x]sf 5g\ .oL b''O{ emf]n''+u] k''nsf] ut cfly{sjif{df g} ;e]{l8hfOg eP/ lgdf{0fz' '? ePsf] / xfn;Dd %)k|ltzteGbf a9L lgdf{0fsf] sfdeO;s]sfn] rfn'' cfly{s jif{sf]r}t d;fGt;Dddf sfd ;DkGg x''g]lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no bfªsf;j–Ol~hlgo/ rGb|axfb''/ zfxn]

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v}/e6\6L3f6 emf]n' +u] k'nsf]nDjfO ** ld6/ / nfut :6Ld]6@# nfv ## xhf/ #) ?k}ofF /s'G6L3f6 emf]n''+u] k'nsf] nDjfO** bzdnj %) ld6/ / nfut:6Ld]6 @( nfv (# xhf/ %;o (( ?k}ofF /x]sf] zfxn]atfpg'eof] . oL rf/ k'nsf];d 'bfo; Fu ;Demf }t f eP/cfjZos ;fdu|Lx? v/LbeO/x]sf] / lgdf{0f :yndf k'nsf]hu vGg ] sfd eO/x ]sf ]k|fljlws sfof{non] atfPsf]5 . lgdf{0ffwLg oL emf]n' +u]k'nx? cfjZos ah]6 k'lt{ eof]eg] ;a} k'nsf] sfd ;lsg]5 .…9'+u]3f/f / n}gtf/f3f6 o;} jif{;DkGg x'g] / cGo rf/ emf]n'+u]k'nsf] ;DkGg x''g] gx'g] cfjZosah]6 cfk"lt{df e/ kg]{ zfxn]atfpg 'eof ] . t/ oL ;a }k''nx?sf] lgdf{0fsf] sfd b''O{

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rfn'' cfly{s jif{df gofF k'nlgdf{0f / k'/fgf dd{tsf nflu;/sf/n] s/La (^ nfv ?k}ofFah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5 .h;dWo] em08} *^ nfv gofFk'nsf nflu /x]sf] 5 eg] * nfv%) xhf/ k'/fgf k'n dd{t / @nfv $) xhf/ ?k}ofF lgodldtdd{tdf ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .lhNnfdf lgdf{0f x''g] ! ;o @)ld6/;Dd nDafO /x]sf emf]n''+u]k 'n lhlj;cGtu{t lhNnfk|fljlws sfof{nosf] k|fljlws;xof]udf ;d'bfo cfwfl/t /x]/lgdf{0f x''g] ub{5g\ . o;cl3bfªdf $@ j6f emf]n'+u] k'n lgdf{0feO;s]sf 5g\ .

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gofF g]kfn gofF ;+ljwfg, lzIffdflghL If ]q–:ki6 k | fjwfg eGg ]d"ngf/fsf ;fy d+unaf/ 3f]/fxLdf;DkGg If]qLo clwj]zgn] !@ a'Fb] bfª3f]if0ffkq hf/L u/]sf] xf] .

3f]if0ffkqdf lghL lzIf0f ;+:yfsf];Ddfghgs cl:tTj, nufgLsf] ;'/IffUof/]G6L ;+a}wflgs?kd} ug{, lghLljBfno lzIff P]g agfpg / ;+:yfutljBfno ;+rfng dfkb08 tyflgb]{lzsfnfO{ ljBfnod}qL agfpg dfuul/Psf] 5 . To:t}, ljBfno zflGtIf]q 3f]if0ff sfof{Gjog ug{, lagfcWoog lzIffdf NofOPsf] u|]l8ªk|0ffnL / ;xsf/L k4ltsf] vf/]hL,$% k|ltzt cf/lIft 5fqj[lQ lghLljBfnodf cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{x?nfO{gkfOg] ePsfn] vf/]hL, ! k|ltztlzIff;]jf z'Nssf] j}slNks Joj:yfug{, ljBfno juL{s/0f / To;sfcfwf/df ul/Psf] z'Ns lgwf{/0fsf]k|fjwfg x6fO ljBfnox?n] pknAwu/fpg] ef}lts tyf z}lIfs ;'ljwfsfcfwf/df ljJo;n] z'Ns lgwf{/0f ug]{Joj:yf ug{ dfu ul/Psf] 5 .

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ljBfnox?nfO{ k"0f{?kdf s/ d'Qmu/fpg, ljBfyL{nfO{ ef}r/ k|0ffnLsf]Joj:yf ug{, lzIff;Fu ;DalGwt If]qdfKofA;gnfO{ ;+:yfut k|ltlglwTju/fpg, åGåsf sf/0f aGb ePsf /Iflt k'u]sf ljBfnox¿nfO{ Ifltk"lt{lbg, ;+:yfut ljBfnosf] ef}ltsk"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf ;x'lnot C0f lbg,z}lIfs ;fdu|L tyf ;jf/L ;fwgvl/bdf eG;f/ 5'6, ljBfno ejglgdf{0fsf nflu ;/sf/n] hldg lnhdflbg klg 3f]if0ff kqdf dfu ul/Psf]5 .

KofA;g dWoklZrdf~rnsf;+of]hs lgd{n pkfWofosf] cWoIftftyf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf nIoaxfb'/s];Lsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ePsf]clwj]zg pb\3f6gsf cj;/df;xfos lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L/fdnfn v8\sf, jl/i7 pkfWoIfljho ;+jfxfDkm], KofA;gsf lgj{dfgpkfWoIf ;fu/ e';fn, KofA;gsfs]Gb|Lo pk–dxf;lrj /fh]Gb| aflgofF,dxf;lrj l8=s]= 9'ª\ufgf, pkfWoIfs [ i0 fk |;fb clwsf/L , s ] Gb | Lo;Nnfxsf/ ;fg' cdfTo, KofA;gbfªsf ;Nnfxsf/ nDaf ]b/nfld5fg]nufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .

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k~rfotsfnsf] s7Lgtd ;dodf @)#$ ;fndf :yfkgful/Psf] /fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifb\n] :yfkgfsfnb]lv g} ljleGg lgoldt;flxlTos sfo{qmd, ljrf/ uf]i7L / snf, ;flxTo, ;+:s[ltsfIf]qdf /rgfTds sfo{x? ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;n] cGt{Wjlg;flxlTos q}dfl;s / /fKtLb"t jflif{s d'vkq k|sfzgsf ;fy}/fKtL If]qsf ljleGg ;|i6fx?sf] k':ts k|sfzssf] cleefjsLobfloTj lgjf{x ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . @)$$ ;fndf tTsfnLg lhNnfsfof{nodf ljlwjt btf{ eO{ cl3 a9]sf] kl/ifb\n] @)^$ ;fnb]lvbfª lhNnfdf dfq ;Lldt /x]sf] sfo{If]qnfO{ km/flsnf] agfpFb}/fKtL c~rnJofkL agfPsf] 5 . df]km;nd} u7g ePsf] ;+:yfn]cfkm\gf zfvfx? lj:tf/ u/L s]Gb|Lo sfof{no klg df]km;nd}/fv]/ ultljlw cufl8 a9fpg' ;fob g]kfnd} /fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifb\sf]gofF k|of]u xf] . clxn] kl/ifb\n] /fKtL c~rnsf kfFrj6} lhNnfdfzfvfx? ;~rfng ug'{sf ;fy} bfªdf s]Gb|Lo sfof{no /fvL5'§} s]Gb|Lo ;ldltdfkm{t\ zfvfx? ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . ljleGglhNnfsf zfvfx?df :jfoQ lsl;dn] Psn /rgf jfrg, k':ts;dLIff, ;flxTodfnf nufotsf sfo{qmdx? ul//x]sf 5g\ .ljz]ifu/L bfªdf x/]s dlxgf Ps hgf ;|i6fsf] k':ts ;dLIffug]{ ul/G5 eg] k|To]s b'O{ dlxgfdf Psn /rgf jfrg / 5Gb;+ud sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . To:t}, bfª / ?s'dsf:yfgLo Pkm=Pd=dfkm{t\ ;flxlTos sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ul/Psf]5 . ejg lgdf{0ffwLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] kl/ifb\df sl/a $ ;osf]xf/fxf/Ldf cfhLjg ;b:ox? /x]sf 5g\ eg] ;+:yfdf Ps bh{ga9L ljleGg k'/:sf/ cIfosf]ifx? :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . ef}ltstyf ;f+u7lgs lx;fan] dfq geO{ kl/ifb\n] j}rfl/s lx;fan]klg kl/ifb\nfO{ ;a}nfO{ Pslqt ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . ;a} ljrf// cf:yfnfO{ ;d]6\g ;kmn kl/ifb\n] cfkm\gf] clei6 ;a}vfn]lje]bsf] cGTo ub}{ hfu/0f k}bf u/L ;Eo ;dfh lgdf{0f ug{lqmofzLn /xg] lnPsf] 5 .

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/fi6« eg]sf] Pp6} efiff, Pp6}wd{, Pp6} ;+:s[lt, Pp6} /Lltl/jfh,a;fO{sf] lgZlrt e"uf]n ePsf] hflt;d"x xf] h;sf] Ethnic Origin Pp6}x'G5 . o:tf] ;d"xn] Pp6f :jtGq;/sf/sf] cEof; ul//x]sf] x'G5of To:tf ] ;/sf/ gx' Fbf gof F;/sf/sf] :yfkgfsf] nflu k|of;/tx'G5 . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg@)^# sf] wf/f # df elgPsf] 5–…ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s,ax';f+:s[lts ljz]iftfo'Qm, ;dfgcfsfª\Iff / g]kfnsf] /fli6«o:jtGqtf, cv08tf, /fli6«o lxttyf ;d[l4k|lt cf:yfjfg\ /xLPstfsf] ;"qdf cfj4 ;a} g]kfnLhgtf ;dli6?kdf /fi6« xf] .Ú

@)^* ;fnsf ] hgu0fgfcg';f/ g]kfndf @% eGbf a9L hft,! ;o @# a9L efiff, !) a9L wd{ /;of}+ rf8jf8, l/ltl/jfh k/Dk/f/lxcfPsf 5g\ . a|fXd0f, If]qL,blnt / bzgfdL afx]ssf ;a}hfthfltsf] pTktLsf] e"uf]n vf]Hb}hfFbf g]kfnd} kfpg ;lsG5 . k|To]shftLsf] Pp6f 5'6\6} ;f´f efiff, ;f´fwd{, ;f´f klx/g / ;fk]lIft?kdfa;f]af;sf] klg lglZrt e"uf]n 5 .pgLx? s'g} g s'g} :j?ksf];/sf/sf] cEof; klg ul//x]sf5g\ . ;a}eGbf cflbd ;+:s[ltsf]/fp6] hfltsf] ;/sf/ k|d'vnfO{…dfgaxfb'/Ú elgG5 . g]jf/dfk|rlnt …u'7LÚ k|yf klg ;/sf/s}Pp6f cEof; xf] . ;'/]nsf] k'/f]lxtgfS;f], tfdfªsf] k'/f]lxt nfdf,;'g'jf/sf] gf;f], r]kfªsf] kfF8],u'?ªsf] Wofla|ª, /fO{sf] ªf]kf,lnDa'sf] km]bªjf, IfqLx?sf] k'hf/L,yf?sf] dxtjf j:t'tM tt\–tt\hfltsf ;/sf/ k|d'vx? x'g\ . tL;d'bfosf] hGd, d[To', ljjfx,a|taGw, rf8jf8, e]ife'iff, :yfgLo:t/sf ;fgf–ltgf ljjfbx?df log};/sf/ k|d'vx?n] lg0f{o lbG5g\ .o;/L g]kfn Nation leq ! ;o@% eGbf a9L sub-Nation x?ljBdfg 5g\ .

/fi6« lgdf{0fsf] cleef/fo;/L ! ;o @% eGbf a9L

sub–nation x?sf] PstfnfO{Jojxfl/s / efjgfTds b'a} ?kdfdha't agfO Pp6} l;ª\uf] /fi6« g]kfnagfpg] cleef/f g} /fi6« lgdf{0f xf] .t/ df3 * ut]kl5 b]z tLj|w|'jLs/0fsf] af6f]df uO/xsf] 5 .cfd g]kfnLx?sf dgx? lbgk|ltlbg 6fl9b} uO/x]sf 5g\ . of]cj:yfdf /fi6« lgdf{0fsf] k|Zg ´g}hl6n aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 . klxrfgsf]d'4fnfO{ If]qL–afx'glj/f]wL d'4fsf]?kdf k|rf/ ul/Psf] 5, ;+3Lotfdfhfg] s'/f b]znfO{ s]s sf6]h:tf]6'qmf–6'qmfdf afF8\g vf]h]sf 5g\ eGg]k|rf/ ul/Psf] 5 . klxrfg /;+3Lotfsf kIfw/x?n] of] s'/fnfO{ultnf] u/L v08g ug{ g;Sbf cfhklxrfg / ;+3Lotfsf] …c;n lgotÚla:tf/} cf]´]ndf kb}{5 .

klxrfgsf] s'/f ubf{ s]jn Tof]s'g} k|b]zsf] gfd hfthfltsf] gfdaf6/fVg] jf jif{sf] Psk6s 6'l8v]ndfe]nf eP/ ;a} hfltsf] kf];fs nufP/kmf]6f];];g ug]{ eg]sf] xf]Og . Tof] klgx'g ;Snf, t/ vf;df klxrfgsf] dfueg]sf] g]kfn /fHoleqsf ! ;o @%;} /fi6«x?n] ;dfg cj;/sf] pkef]ukfpg'kb{5 eGg] dfu xf] . To;}n] of]dfu hghfltx?sf] dfq dfu xf]Oga? ;a} hfltx?leqsf] ;a}eGbf;LdfGts[t ;d'bfonfO{ cGox?sf]:t/df p7fpg] nf]ssNof0fsf/L ;f]rxf] . o;sf] nlIft ju{ eg]sf]hfthfltleqsf ;a}eGbf pk]lIft /cj;/af6 jl~rt kfl/Psfx?nfO{ljsf; / k|ultsf] d'nwf/df Nofpg];jfn xf] . hghflt–dw]zL eP klgpk]Gb| dxtf], ljgf]b rf}w/L, z]if 3n]x?t cfkm } survive x'g ;S5g\,pgLx?nfO{ s'g} ljz]if Joj:yfsf]h?/L 5}g . t/, ;a} u'?ªx?sf]l:ylt ldgaxfb'/ u'?ªsf] h:tf]cjZo 5}g . o;df Pp6f csf]{ tYoklg ;Fu;Fu} hf]l8P/ cfpF5 . xf],/fhgLlt / k|zf;gsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf]lx:;f lxGb'jfbL If]qL–afx'gx?n]cf]u6]sf 5g\ t/ kxf8L afx'gsf]!)=@$ k|ltzt, If]qLx?sf] @#=$k|ltzt hg;+Vof t lg/k]If ul/aLs}/]vfd'lg /x]sf] 5 . To;afx]s cGoclwsf+zsf] cj:yf klg Tolt /fd|f]5}g / To;sf] cfwfeGbf 7"nf] lx:;f/x]sf dlxnfx? ToxL If]qL–afx'gdfklg pTkLl8t eP/ a:g'k/]sf] 5 .g]kfndf *!=# k|ltzt lxGb"x? 5g\/ zf;gdf ;w} lxGb'jfbLx?s}xflnd'xfnL 5 t/ o;df g]kfn Psul/a d'n's x'Fbf hg;+Vofsf] ;a}eGbf7"nf] lx:;f ltg} lxGb"x? ul/a klg5g\, of] tYo xfdLn] ge'nf}+ . To;}n]klxrfgsf] d'2f dw]zL / hghfltsf]dfq xf]Og cfd pTkLl8tx?sf] cfjfhxf] . o;df pk]lIft s0ff{nL, pk]lIftblnt, pk]lIft dlxnf / d'nwf/dfcfpg g;s]sf cfd g]kfnLsf]cfjfh ;d]l6Psf] 5 .

?vx? ldn]/ h+un aG5 . sf7,l;d]G6, 58, OF6f, kfgL, afn'jf ;a}ldn]/ 3/ aG5 . ;a} hfthfltx?ldn]/ g]kfn /fi6« ag]sf] 5 . h+unsf]s'/f ubf{ ?v gb]Vg] / ?vsf] s'/fubf{ h+un gb]Vg] cltjfbL ;f]r xf] .h;/L alnof] 3/ agfpg /fd|f] l;d]G6,alnof] /8, /fd|f] afn'jf rflxG5, To:t}/fi6« alnof] x'g cfGt/Ls /fi6«jfbalnof] x'g'kb{5 . alnof] g]kfn/fi6«sf] sNkgf t ug]{ t/ hfthfltsf]clwsf/sf] gfd} ;'Gg grfxg] cgf}7f]/fi6«jfb g]kfndf xfjL x' Fb }5 .g]kfnsf hfthflt alnof] ePdfcfk;df n8fO{ u/]/, sf6fsf6 u/]/db{5g\ To;}n] Pp6f dfq hflt alnof]x'g'k5{, To;}n] c? ;a}nfO{ ldnfP/zf;g ug'{k5{ eGg] cx+nfO{ ca TofUg]a]nf cfPsf] 5 . g]kfn eGg] s'g}cd"t{ /fi6« 5}g, of] t oxfFsfax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s /ax'wfld{s ;d'bfosf] ;dli6ut ?kxf], hf] xfd|f] ;+ljwfgd} :ki6 n]lvPsf]

5 . hfthfltx?nfO{ clwsf/lbP/, pgLx?nfO{ ;zlQms/0f u/]/dfq g]kfn /fi6« alnof] x'g ;Sb5 .xfdL klxrfgsf] kIfw/x?n] eg]sf]gkTofP klg k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn]eg]sf] …k|hf df]6f eof b/af/ alnof]x'G5Ú eGg] s'/f t kTofpg] ls <

ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] dxTjxfdLn] …klxrfg / ;fdYo{Úsf]

cfwf/df ;+3Lotfdf hfg] ;xdltul/;s]sf 5f}+ . cfGbf]nsf] /fk / tfksd ePsf] df}sf 5f]k]/ cfˆgf k'/fgfafrfaf6 k5fl8 kms{b} hfg] xf] eg]g]kfn ;w}+ cfGbf]ngsf] rqmJo"xdfkm:g ;Sb5– …cfGbf]ng ug]{, kl5kms{g] .Ú To;}n] sf]xL klg xfd|f] b]zsf]eljZok|lt u}/lhDd]jf/ gagf}+ .;+3Lotf s'g} hfb"sf] 5l8 xf]Og t/of] zf;gsf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] dxTjk"0f{xltof/ xf] . o;n] s]Gb| ;/sf/sf]af]́ sd u/fpF5, sfo{k|0ffnL ;xhagfpF5, :yfgLo g]t[Tj ljsf;u/fpFb5 eg] :yfgLo :t/sf] ;d:of:yfgLo:t/d} ;dfwfg ug{ ;xhtfk|fKt x'G5 . t/ ;+3Lotf eg]sf] s]Gb|;/sf/sf] k|lt:kwL{ jf ljsNk eg]xf]Og a? of] t s]Gb| ;/sf/sf];xof]uL dfq xf] . To;}n] ;+3Lotfn]b]z 6'lqmG5 eGg] ts{ xfjfbf/L dfqxf] . d'b|f, ;]gf, 7"nf ljsf; cfof]hgf,k'gljt/0f / k//fi6«h:tf s'/fx?s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/s} cwLgdf /xg] x'Fbf;+3Lotf lbbf lalQs} dw]z uP/ef/tdf ldl;G5 ls egL ;f]Rg];+3Lotf ga'́ ]sfx?sf] cfnf]sfFrf];f]rfO dfq xf] . nf]stGq eGg] t/ tFdu/, t}n] zf;g ug{ kfpg' x'Fb}g, tFs0ff{nLsf] t}n] s]xL hfGb}g;\, t]/f];6\6f d} zf;g ul/lbG5' eGg] ;f]Rg'sxfFsf] nf]stGqsf] kl/efiff xf] <k|To]s JolStsf] ef]6sf] d"No pxLx'g] t/ ;fj{hlgs kbdf t}n] hfg]sf]5}g;\ d}n] dfq hfg]sf] 5', d dfqof]Uo 5' eGg] < xf], ToxL eP/ghfg]sf]nfO{ l;sfpg] k4lt xf]klxrfg, k5fl8 kfl/Psfx?nfO{;zlQms/0f ug]{ ljlw xf] klxrfg .;dfgtf sfod ug{ agfOg] c;dfgJoj:yf xf] klxrfg .

lgisif{ MklxrfgjfbLx?n] g]kfnLx?nfO{

! ;o @% hftdf afF8]sf xf]Ogg\,oL t k/fk"j{sfnb]lv /xL cfPsflyP . k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] g} o;nfO{#^ hftsf] ;f´f km'naf/L eg]sflyP t/ of] km'naf/Ldf …jgdf/fÚhftsf] km"n t b]lvof], cGo sdn,u'nfa, ;okqL, dvdnLx? v} t <To;}n] ;lbof}+b]lvsf] du/ftnfO{du/ft, lnDa'jfgnfO{ lnDa'jfg,yf?jfgnfO{ yf?jfg, tfD;flnªnfO{tfD;flnª, g]jfnfO{ g]jf elgpgLx?sf ] cl:tTj :jLsfg {glxlRsrfpF . aflnu dtflwsf/af6k|lt:kwf{Tds tl/sfn] d'VodGqL5flgg] x'Fbf Tof] hftLo /fHo x'g]5}g . ta dfq oL ;a} ldn] g]kfnaGb5 .w

/fKtLsf] uf}/j /fKtL;flxTo kl/ifb\

klxrfg //fli6«otfsf] k|Zg

g/]z lu/L

klxrfgsf] d'2f dw]zL / hghfltsf] dfq xf]Og cfd pTkLl8tx?sf]cfjfh xf] . o;df pk]lIft s0ff{nL, pk]lIft blnt, pk]lIft dlxnf /

d'nwf/df cfpg g;s]sf cfd g]kfnLsf] cfjfh ;d]l6Psf] 5 .

a'waf/ @) kmfu'g, @)&!# s'/fsfgL

l lhNnf kl/ifb\sf] tof/L s]lhNnf kl/ifb\sf] tof/L s]lhNnf kl/ifb\sf] tof/L s]lhNnf kl/ifb\sf] tof/L s]lhNnf kl/ifb\sf] tof/L s]s:tf] eO/x]sf] 5 <s:tf] eO/x]sf] 5 <s:tf] eO/x]sf] 5 <s:tf] eO/x]sf] 5 <s:tf] eO/x]sf] 5 <

kmfu'g @# ut] bfªsf] @# cf}+lhNnf kl/ifb\ x'Fb}5 . kl/ifb\sf]nueu ;Dk"0f{ tof/L k"/feO;s]sf] 5 . kl/ifb\sf] pb\3f6gcy{dGqL 8f= /fdz/0f dxtn] ug]{sfo{qmd to ePsf] 5 .

clxn] of]hgf 5gf]6 ;ldltsfa}7sx? al;/x]sf 5g\ . kl/ifb\n]Onfsfaf6 cfPsf of]hgfx?nfO{g} kfl/t ug]{5 . kl/ifb\n] cfufdLjif{sf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?th'{df ug]{ 5 . kl/ifb\nfO{ eJoPj+ ;Eo agfpgsf] nflu xfdLn]tof/L ul//x]sf 5f}+ . kl/ifb\n] ubf{clxn] xfdLx? cfGtl/s sfddfklg lgs} Jo:t /x]sf 5f}+ .

l kl/ifb\sf] d'Vo Ph]08f /kl/ifb\sf] d'Vo Ph]08f /kl/ifb\sf] d'Vo Ph]08f /kl/ifb\sf] d'Vo Ph]08f /kl/ifb\sf] d'Vo Ph]08f /k|fyldstf s] 5 lg <k|fyldstf s] 5 lg <k|fyldstf s] 5 lg <k|fyldstf s] 5 lg <k|fyldstf s] 5 lg <

lhNnf kl/ifb\ lgoldt sfdxf] . clxn] xfdLn] s'g} d'VoPh]08f agfpg] eGg] x'Fb}g .;/sf/sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdleq/x]/ :yfgLo dfusf] cfwf/df sfdug]{ xf] . lhNnf kl/ifb\ cfkm} s'g}klg of]hgf th"{df ub}{g . Onfsfkl/ifb\af6 kfl/t eP/ cfPsfx?of]hgfnfO{ g} xfdLn] cl3 ;f5f}{+ .

cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf nfluef}lts k"jf{wf/ klxnf]k|fyldstfdf k/]sf] 5 . ef}ltsk"jf{wf/dWo] klg ;8s w]/}7fpFaf6 dfu eOcfPsf] 5 .;a}h;f] :yfgdf ;8s of]hgfx?klxnf] k|fyldstfdf kg]{ u/]sf]5 . ljutsf jif{x?df klg;8sx? g} klxnf] k|fyldstfdfkg]{ ub{y] . o;/L jif]{gL ;8sof]hgfx?df ah]6 ljlgof]hg x'Fbfbfªdf ;8s ;~hfnx? la:tf/eO/x]sf] 5 . ;8s ljsf;sf]k|d'v cfwf/ xf] . ;8slagf s'g}klg 7fpFsf] cfly{s ljsf; x'g;Sb}g . ;8sn] ubf{ :yfgLopTkfbgnfO{ ahf/df Nofpg /ahf/sf] a:t'nfO{ ufpF;Ddk'¥ofpg ;xh x'G5 . ;fy}:yfgLo hgtfx?sf] ahf/;Ddsf]kx'Fr klg ;lhn} k'U5 . ;8sn]cfd JolQmx?nfO{ la/fdL ePsf]

a]nf :jfYo ;+:yf;Dd ;jf/L;fwgsf] k|of]u u/]/ ;xh} hfg]jftfj/0f aG5 .

l lhlj;sf] ah]6 sltlhlj;sf] ah]6 sltlhlj;sf] ah]6 sltlhlj;sf] ah]6 sltlhlj;sf] ah]6 sltcfpFb}5 <cfpFb}5 <cfpFb}5 <cfpFb}5 <cfpFb}5 <

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf]cfufdL cfly{s jif{df cfGtl/s;|f]taf6 s/La & s/f]8 ah]6ljlgof]hg ug]{ tof/L eO/x]sf] 5 .rfn" cfly{s jif{df ^ s/f]8 ?k}ofFljlgof]hg ePsf] lyof] . rfn'cfly{s jif{df ;a} ljifout;/sf/L sfof{no, u}/ ;/sf/L;+:yfsf] nfu]/ sl/a @ ca{ ah]6ljlgof]hg ePsf] lyof] .

cfufdL cfly{s jif{df klgo;}sf] xf/fxf/Ldf cfpg]5 . o;dfs/La % b]lv !) k|ltzt;Dd a9\g;S5 . cGo ljifout sfof{notyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? nufP/s'n ah]6 slt x'G5 eg]/ cem}tof/ eO;s]sf] 5}g . xfdLn]kl/ifb\ x'g'eGbf Ps÷b'O{ lbg leqTof] ljj/0f tof/ u5f}{+ . clxn]cGo ljleGg sfd ug'{kg]{ ePsfn]To;sf] osLg tYofª\s lgsfNgg;lsPsf] xf] .

l lhNnf kl/ifb\df OnfsflhNnf kl/ifb\df OnfsflhNnf kl/ifb\df OnfsflhNnf kl/ifb\df OnfsflhNnf kl/ifb\df Onfsfkl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t ePsfkl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t ePsfkl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t ePsfkl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t ePsfkl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t ePsfof]hgfx? eGbf aflx/sf of]hgfof]hgfx? eGbf aflx/sf of]hgfof]hgfx? eGbf aflx/sf of]hgfof]hgfx? eGbf aflx/sf of]hgfof]hgfx? eGbf aflx/sf of]hgf5gf}6 ul/G5 eGg] u'gf;f] cfpg]5gf}6 ul/G5 eGg] u'gf;f] cfpg]5gf}6 ul/G5 eGg] u'gf;f] cfpg]5gf}6 ul/G5 eGg] u'gf;f] cfpg]5gf}6 ul/G5 eGg] u'gf;f] cfpg]u5{ . clxn] klg To:t} ePsf]u5{ . clxn] klg To:t} ePsf]u5{ . clxn] klg To:t} ePsf]u5{ . clxn] klg To:t} ePsf]u5{ . clxn] klg To:t} ePsf]5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <

of] u'gf;f] cln klxn]sf] xf] .kl5Nnf] tLg jif{df xfdLn] o:tf]k/Dk/f k"0f{?kdf aGb u/]sf lyof}+ .tLg jif{ klxn];Dd lhNnfaf6}pkef]Qmfsf] dfuadf]lhd l;w}of]hgf 5gf}6 ul/GYof] . To;n] ubf{kx'Frsf] e/df s'g} :yfgdf w]/}of]hgf / kx'Fr gePsf] :yfgdfof]hgf g} gkg]{ ;d:of lyof] .To;nfO{ cGTo ug{ xfdLn]Onfsfaf6 :jLs[t ePsfof]hgfx? g} lhlj;n] kfl/t ug]{u/]sf] 5 .

x'g t obfsbf l;w} lhlj;dfof]hgf dfUg cfpg]x?sf] ;+Vofklg 5 . t/, Tof] klg clxn]36]sf] 5 . s]xL of]hgf;DaGwLghfg]sfx? / w]/} kx'Fr ePsfx?l;w} of]hgf dfUg cfpF5g\ . t/,xfdLn] kl/ifb\n] ug{ g;Sg]atfPkl5 kms{G5g\ . xfdLn] To:tf];d:of cfpg k6Ss} lbb}gf}+ .Onfsfaf6 :jLs[t gePsfof]hgfx? s'g} klg xfntdflhlj;n] kfl/t ub}{g .

l clxn] tkfO{x? @# cf}+clxn] tkfO{x? @# cf}+clxn] tkfO{x? @# cf}+clxn] tkfO{x? @# cf}+clxn] tkfO{x? @# cf}+kl/ifb\sf] tof/Ldf x'g'x'G5 .kl/ifb\sf] tof/Ldf x'g'x'G5 .kl/ifb\sf] tof/Ldf x'g'x'G5 .kl/ifb\sf] tof/Ldf x'g'x'G5 .kl/ifb\sf] tof/Ldf x'g'x'G5 .cl3Nnf] kl/ifb\n] u/]sf sfdsf]cl3Nnf] kl/ifb\n] u/]sf sfdsf]cl3Nnf] kl/ifb\n] u/]sf sfdsf]cl3Nnf] kl/ifb\n] u/]sf sfdsf]cl3Nnf] kl/ifb\n] u/]sf sfdsf]k|ult s:tf] 5 <k|ult s:tf] 5 <k|ult s:tf] 5 <k|ult s:tf] 5 <k|ult s:tf] 5 <

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] s/La;o k|ltzt sfdx? pkef]Qmf;ldltdfkm{t\ u5{ . xfdLn] ;dod}pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g u/]/ sfd;DkGg ug{ k6s–k6s uflj;nfO{

cfu|x ub{5f}+ . ljleGg sf/0fn]pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g ug{ l9nf]ePsf] x'G5 . s]xL :yfgdfpkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7gdf ljjfb x'G5eg] s]xL :yfgdf sfdsf] rfkn]ubf{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g lgs}l9nf] x'G5 . oL sf/0fn] ;dod}of]hgfx? ;DkGg x'g g;s]sf]xf] . of] ;'wf/sf nflu lhlj;n]dfq kxn u/]/ x'Fb}g . xfdLn]uflj;df rfF8} pkef]Qmf ;ldltu7g ug{ kxn ug]{ xf] . lhNnfljsf; ;ldlt cfFkm} uP/ pkef]Qmf;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sb}g .

l rfn' cfjdf lhlj;sf] k|ultrfn' cfjdf lhlj;sf] k|ultrfn' cfjdf lhlj;sf] k|ultrfn' cfjdf lhlj;sf] k|ultrfn' cfjdf lhlj;sf] k|ults:tf] 5 <s:tf] 5 <s:tf] 5 <s:tf] 5 <s:tf] 5 <

sfdsf] b[li6n] sl/a ;a}h;f]of]hgfsf] ;Demf}tf eO;s]sf] 5 .s]xL of]hgfx? ;Demf}tf x'g ;s]sf]5}g . df3 d;fGt;Dd ljQLo k|ult%) k|ltzt ePsf] 5 . k|ultck]Iffs[teGbf sd xf] . bf];|f]rf}dfl;ssf] clGtd;Dd &%k|ltzt ljQLo k|ult eO;Sg'kg]{xf] . k]ZsL lbg] rng gePsfn]ljQLo k|ult sd b]lvPsf] xf] .clGtddf uP/ ljQLo k|ult a9\ghfG5 . xfdLn] ;dod} of]hgfx?;Demf}tf u/]/ of]hgf ;DkGg ug{kxn yfNg'k5{ . o;sf nflu:yfgLo :t/af6 kxn x'g h?/L5 .

ljsf; eg]sf] lhlj;sf nfluxf]Og . :yfgLo hgtfsf nflu xf] .

Onfsfaf6 :jLs[tof]hgfx? g} kl/ifb\af6

kfl/t x'G5g\

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bfªdf ljsf;sf cfwf/x? y'k|}5g\ . oxfFsf] k|d'v ljsf;sf]cfwf/ eg]sf] s[lif xf] . s[lifsfnflu ;a}eGbf klxn] xfdLn]l;rfO{sf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . bfªdfkfgLsf d'xfgsf] ;d:of ePsfn]xfdLn] jiff{tsf] ;dodf cfsf;]kfgL ;+sng u/]/ l;rfO{ ;'ljwfk'¥ofpg ;lsG5 . bfªdf s[lifof]Uohldg w]/} 5 . t/, Tof] hldgpkof]u x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

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bfª lhNnfsf] @# cf}+ lhNnf kl/ifb\ oxL kmfu'g @# ut] x'Fb}5 . cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] lhNnfsf] ;Dk"0f{ ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug]{ lhNnf kl/ifb\df ;8s lgdf{0fklxnf] k|fyldstfdf k/]sf] 5 . kl/ifb\sf] tof/L, of]hgf ;DkGgsf] l:ylt, ;d:ofnufotsf ljifodf s]Gb|Lt /x]/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt bfªsf ;"rgfclws[t s[i0f s];L;Fu ul/Psf] s'/fsfgL . –;Dkfbs

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xfdLnfO{rflxPsf]zflGtb]zn] d':nf] lge]/ ag]sf] v/fgLsf] w'nf]leq}cfF;'sf] ;fu/ p7fO/x]sf] a]nfkxf8n] zLtntf pdf5{ eGb};':s]/fdf hLjg sfl6/x]sf] au/nfO{d'n} ;'sfOlbg] l;+xb/af/sf] s'/f s] ug'{ <cfFwL x'/L kG5fpFb} ;lt;fn eO{ pleP klgafF;'/L ahfP/ a:g] of] ;8ssf] s'/f s] ug'{/fhwfgLsf 7"nf 3/ klg gfª\uf] 5g\yafªn] lhpel/ j:q cf]9]/ s] ef]df8Ln] c;/Nn 5l/Psf nf;sf a:tLdfcg]s …qmflGtÚsf l;/fgL la5\ofP/ s] ef]Ps c~h'nL zLtntf 5g]{sf] gfddfslxNo} gd]l6g] vt plKsG5 eg]slyt qmflGtsf d's'08f]x?n]cfFug agfPsf] xfd|f] ufpFkmut 5 km]l/–km]l/ dlx;f;'/ aGg' .

cr]n, hnhnf k'/fgf] 5}gd]nu}/L / u'Drfnx?sf7df8f}+sf] kmdf{gdf rN5g\l;+xb/af/ x\jfO6 xfp;af6 rn]h:t}a'4gu/, aNv' / k]l/;8fF8fx?lbNnLaf6 af]n]h:t}cnf}lss 5g\ xfd|f kfOnfljutnfO{ :jfQ} lgNg]xfd|f] cfut :jfy{sf] 6'Kkf]df 5clg s;/L p8fpF5 k'/fgf] ;kgf <To;}n] Joy{ 5,km]l/–km]l/ pGdfbdf pxL ;kgf km'nfpF5' eGg' .

;u/dfyfnfO{ pl5g]/uj{ ug]{ xfd|f] ;kgf 9n]sf] xf] <;u/ 5f]P/ cfhfbL eg{ vf]Hbf;u/dfyfdf s'lx/f] g} c?n] rnfOlbPkl5xfdL afWotfdf vf8L;Fu ldNof}+>LcGt'df kf]lvg] 3fddfly g} z+sf 5 cr]nxfdLn] cfˆgf] ;f]Rb}gf}+ cfkm}dflysf] cfsfzc?n] l;sfOlbg'k5{ …t]/f] xf]Ú eg]/o;sf] dtna,s] ca xfdL ;lsof}+ <s] xfdL v's'/Lsf] wf/df lx8\g lal;of}{+ <xf]Og, lsdfy{ xf]Ognfzsf la:s'g klxl/Psf oL cfFugljhosf pGdfb c+ufn]sf oL …l;hÚsf ;Gtfg;]nfPsf 5}gg\ c }́lgbfPsf 5}gg\÷yfs]sf 5}gg\t/ c;Gt'i6 5g\ l;+xb/af/;Fuljeflht 5g\ a'4gu/, aNv' / k]l/;8fF8fx?;Fu/ ;js l;sfpFb} cf}+nf p7fO/x]5g\ Ps–PsxfdLn] rfx]sf] d'bf{ zflGt xf]OgxfdLn] vf]h]sf] a'VofFrfx?sf] tfd´fd xf]Oglbuf], jf:tljs / ;a}–;a}n] rfx]sf];Rrf zflGt, ;w}+–;w}+sf]÷;a}–;a}sf]gofF ;+ljwfg;lxtsf] zflGt .)))

k6s 7"n7"nf alnbfgLk"0f {;ª\3if{ u/]tf klg wf]sf kfPsf]t/ o;k6s ;fFlRrs} u0ftGqcfPsf ] 36gfnfO {c f d f 5 f ] / f a L r s f ]cGt/;+jfbdfkm{t\ cleJoQmul/Psf] 5 . of] u0ftGq k|fKtug{ xhf/f}+ hgtfn] alnbfgLlbPsf ] / nfvf } + hgtfadaf?b;Fu h'em]/ hgo'4n8]sf] k|;ª\unfO{ laDadfptfl/Psf] 5 .

;du|df eGg'kbf{ lu/Lsfsljtfx¿df :jKg, ;ª\3if{ /of } l4s cfgGb cleJoQmePsf 5g\ . hgo'4 nfvf}+,s/f]8f}+ hgtfsf] :jKg lyof] .To;sf nflu alnbfgLk "0f {;ª\3if{sf] ofqfdf lxF8\g' k¥of] .Tof] ;ª\3if{sf] ofqf cfgGbdo

lyof ] eGg ] ;Gb ]z lu/Lsfsljtfx¿n] lbPsf 5g\ .sljtfdf ljrf/kIf lgs} alnof]5 eg] snf kIfdf yf]/} ;fwgfsf]sld b]lvPsf] 5 . tyflk laDarog / ljifosf] k|:t'tL /fd|f]5 .

…dxfofqfdf df8;fjÚ zLif{sclnstf cfTds]lGb|t h:tf]b]lvP klg o;n] o'4df ;xefuLxhf/f}+ df8;fkx¿sf] k|ltlglwTju/]sf] 5 . Psk|sf/n] eGg] xf]eg] hgo'4sf] pb\udynf] /fKtL/ d'Vo cfwf/Onfsf ag]sf]/fKtL If]qsf dWod txb]lvs]Gb|df k'u]sf k|efjzfnL g]tfx¿sl/a ;a}h;f] lzIfsx¿ g}ePsfn] of ] sljtf;ª\u |xhgo'4sf] Pp6f Oltxf;sf¿kdf b]vfk/]sf] 5 .

snf uLt;ª\uLt rnlrq hLjgz}nL k|ljlw

a'waf/ @) kmfu'g, @)&!%

x]d/fh kxf/L :d[lt k'/:sf//fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifb\nfO{

hgpef/ ;dfrf/bftf

bfª . /fKtL c~rns} ;a}eGbfh]7f] ;+:yf /fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifb\nfO{Ps nfv /fzLsf] x]d/fh kxf/L:d[lt k'/:sf/ ;dk{0f ul/Psf] 5 .kf]v/fl:yt x]d/fh kxf/L :d[ltk|lti7fgn] bfªd} cfP/ pQm k'/:sf/kl/ifb\nfO{ ;dk{0f u/]sf] xf] .

;flxTo, snf / ;+:s[ltsf];+/If0fsf nflu df]km;nd} /x]/ klg/fKtLsf kfFrj6} lhNnfdf ;flxlToslx;fan] ;+:yfut?kdf ljlzi6of]ubfg u/]sf] eGb} k|lti7fgn]kl/ifb\nfO{ pQm k'/:sf/ ;dk{0fu/]sf] xf] . k|lti7fgsL cWoIf l/tfkxf/Ln] /fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifbsfcWoIf k'?iff]Qd vgfn, ;+:yfkscWoIf gf/fo0fk|;fb zdf{ /k"j{cWoIfx? lul//fh zdf{ / cd/lu/LnfO{ Ps nfv /fzLsf] r]s /;Ddfg kq x:tfGt/0f ug'{ePsf]lyof] . kf]v/f sf:sLsf ;flxTosf/x]d/fh kxf/Lsf] :d[ltdf :yfkgful/Psf] pQm k'/:sf/ o;cl3 @)^(;fndf ;+:s[ltljb ;Todf]xghf]zLnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . x/]sb'O{ b'O{ jif{df k|bfg ul/g] pQmk'/:sf/ o; jif{ /fKtL ;flxTokl/ifb\nfO{ ;dk{0f ul/Psf] xf] .

k|lti7fgsf cWoIf l/tf kxf/Lsf]cWoIftf Pjd\ efiffljb k|f=8f=

l

hgpef/ ;dfrf/bftf

bfª . ;+:s[ltljb\, ufos,;+uLtsf/ tyf nf]suLtdfklxnf]k6s ljBfjfl/lw ug]{ g]kfnL8f= uf]ljGb cfrfo{nfO{ xl/b]jLsf]O/fnf ;flxTo–;+uLt /fli6«o;Ddfgaf6 k'/:s[t Pj+ ;Ddflgtul/Psf] 5 . xl/b]jL sf]O/fnf;flxTo ;+uLt ;Ddfgsf]if kf]v/fn]zlgaf/ 3f]/fxLdf Ps sfo{qmdsf]cfof]hgf u/L bfª nIdLk'/ lgjf;L8f= cfrfo{nfO{ gub !% xhf/ /fzL;lxt sb/kq / bf];Nnfcf]9fP/ ;Ddfg u/]sf] xf] . g]kfn;+uLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|li7fgsfs'nklt ;?eQmn] 8f= cfrfo{nfO{pQm ;Ddfgkq k|bfg ug'{ePsf] xf] .

xl/b]jL sf]O/fnf ;flxTo ;+uLt;Ddfgsf]ifsf cWoIf s[i0fk|;fbaf:tf]nfsf] cWoIftf tyf g]kfn;+uLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|li7fgsfs'nklt ;?eQmsf] k|d'vcfltYotfdf sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf]lyof] . To; cj;/df af]Nb} k|d'vcltly ;?eQmn] klxn] /fli6«o:t/sf] ;|i6f aGgsf lgldQ /fhwfgL g}hfg'kg]{ cj:yf eP klg s]xL;dootf lhNnfd} cfˆgf] If]qdfa;]/ klg /fli6«o:t/df rlr{t ;|i6faGg ;lsg] atfpg'eof] . cfˆg}If]qdf a;]/ klg /fli6«o dfq geP/cGt/f{li6«o :t/df ;d]t rlr{t;|i6f aGg ;Sg] atfpFb} pxfFn]

To;sf lgldQ lg/Gt/?kdf d]xgteg] ug{ h?/L ePsf] atfpg'eof] .df]km;ndf a;]/ klg /fli6«o:t/dfrlr{t ;|i6fsf ?kdf kl/ro agfpg;kmn pbfx/0f 8f= uf]ljGb cfrfo{ePsf] eGb} pxfFn] ca s'g} klgk|ltef rDsgsf lgldQ /fhwfgLwfpg gkg]{] atfpg'eof] .

To; cj;/df /fli6«o nf]s tyfbf]xf]/L uLt k|lti7fg bfª zfvfn]nf]suflos xl/b]jL sf]O/fnfnfO{sb/kq / bf];Nnfn] ;Ddfg u/]sf]lyof] . k|lti7fg bfªsL cWoIfb]jsnf a:g]t / nf]sufosk|]dk|sfz dNnn] sf]O/fnfnfO{;Ddfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

sf]ifsf sf]iffWoIf k|f=8f=odaxfb'/ IfqLsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6;'? ePsf] sfo{qmddf k]|; sfplG;ng]kfnsf k"j{cWoIf gf/fo0fk|;fbzdf{, ;Ddflgt JolQmTj 8f= uf]ljGbcfrfo{, rlr{t nf]suflosf tyf k|f1xl/b]jL sf]O/fnf, k|f1 pQds[i0fdhu}ofF, x]d/fh kxf/L :d[ltk|lti7fgsf pkfWoIf uf]ljGb kxf/Lnufotn] dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf]lyof] .

sfo{qmddf nf]suflosf xl/b]jLsf]O/fnfn] cfˆgf rlr{t uLtx? s]km"n km'Nof] vf]nL lt/}df, :j/ /fd|f]sf]OnLsf], cfdf ltd|f] ;?d} /fgLaf]nsf nf]suLt ufP/ ;'gfpg'ePsf]lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0fs[i0fk|;fb kf}8]nn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

xl/b]jL sf]O/fnf ;Ddfg8f= uf]ljGb cfrfo{nfO{

6+sk|;fb Gof}kfg]sf] k|d'v cfltYodfePsf] sfo{qmddf k'/:sf/ 5gf}6;ldltsf ;+of]hs ;flxTosf/xl/k|;fb e08f/Ln] ;a} cf:yf /ljrf/sf ;|i6fx?nfO{ cleefjsTjk|bfg ug}{ /fKtLsf ;a} lhNnfsf];flxlTos pGgog / ljsf;sf nfludxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sfn]kl/ifb\nfO{ 5gf}6 ul/Psf]atfpg'eof] . ;f] cj;/df /fKtL;flxTo kl/ifb\sf cWoIf k'?iff]Qdvgfnn] ;f] k'/:sf/ s'g} ef]het]/u/]/ l;Wofpg] geO{ pQm /sdnfO{k|sfzg cIfosf]ifsf] ?kdf v8fu/L x/]s b'O{ jif{df Ps hgf;|i6fsf] s[lt k|sfzgdf vr{ ug]{k|lta4tf JoQm ug'{eof] .

sfo{qmddf af]Nb} k|d'v cltlyk|f=8f= 6+sk|;fb Gof}kfg]n] ;flxTon]x/]s g]kfnLx?sf] dg hf]8\g]atfpg'eof] . clxn]sf] /fhgLltn]x/]s g]kfnLnfO{ 6'6km"6 /ljefhglt/ nlu/x]sf] eGb} pxfFn];flxTon] 6'6]sf dgx? hf]l8/x]sf]5 eGg'eof] . ;flxTon] b]znfO{hf]8\g'kg]{ eGb} pxfFn] b]z lglZrte"uf]n eP klg /fi6« gePsf]atfpg'eof] .

sfo{qmddf /fKtL ;flxTokl/ifbsf ;+:yfks cWoIf Pjd\ k|];sfplG;n g]kfnsf k"j{cWoIfgf/fo0fk|;fb zdf{n] x]d/fh kxf/L

:d[lt k|lti7fgn] kl/ifb\nfO{ ;dk{0fu/]/ df]km;nsf] ;flxlTosof]ubfgnfO{ pRr sb/ u/]sf]dfv';L JoQm ug'{eof] . pxfFn]eGg'eof], …olt 7"nf] /fzLsf] k'/:sf/df]km;ndf lqmofzLn ;flxlTos;+:yf /fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifb\nfO{;dk{0f ug'{ ;flxTodf df}nfPsf]/fhwfgLjfb lj?4 k|lti7fgsf] gofFcfofd xf] .Ú

kl/ifbsf k"j{cWoIf k|f1 cd/lu/Ln] ljb]zL skf]{/]6 ;+:yf /ax'/fli6«o sDkgLx?n] ;flxTodfhah{:t x:tIf]k ul//x]sf] a]nfb]zleq} :yflkt ;+:yfn] 7"nf] /fzLsf]k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ug'{ lgs} /fd|f] sfo{ePsf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] ;a}lt/o:t} hfu?s / ;zQm k|of; eP;flxTodf lelqPsf] ljb]zLx:tIf]knfO{ /f]Sg ;lsg] ljZjf;JoQm ug'{eof] . To:t}, kl/ifb\sfk"j{cWoIf lul//fh zdf{n]k~rfotsf] huhuLdf cfkm"x?n]lgs} b'Mv si6 Aoxf]/]/ x'sf{Psf];+:yf k'/:s[t x'Fbf lgs} xlif{t ePsf]atfpg'eof] .

sfo{qmddf k|f1 v]d g]kfnL,k|f=8f= eLd vltj8f, nf]suflosfxl/b]jL sf]O/fnf, g]kfn kqsf/dxf;+3 bfª zfvfsL sfo{jfxscWoIf nIdL cfrfo{, k|ultzLnn]vs ;+3, g]kfn bfª zfvf cWoIfs]zj yfkf, n]vs ;+3 bfªsfcWoIf z+s/ kf}8]nnufotn] klgaf]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/dfbh{g a9L sljx?n] cfˆgf /rgfjfrg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

k|lti7fgsf pkfWoIf uf]ljGbkxf/Lsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 z'?ePsf] sfo{qmddf x]d/fh kxf/Lsf]hLjgL / s[ltTjsf af/]df;flxTosf/ clgn kf}8]nn] hfgsf/Llbg'ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmdsf];~rfng /fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifb\sfpkfWoIf Pjd\ bfª zfvf cWoIfsdndl0f b]jsf]6fn] ug'{ePsf]lyof] .

t'n;Lk'/df l;hLzf]?d pb\3f6gt'n;Lk'/ . t'n;Lk'/df l;hL

a|f08sf ;fdfgx? kfOg] cTofw'lgszf]?dsf] pb\3f6g ul/Psf] 5 .

rf}w/L u|'kcGtu{t l;hL a|f08sfl6eL, lk|mh, P;L, s'n/, Eofs'dlSng/, l8eL8Lnufotsf;fdu|Lx?sf] cflwsfl/s laqm]tfsf]?kdf l8=hL= On]S6«f ] lgS;nfO{cflwsfl/stf lbOPsf] sDkgLsfl;lgo/ d]g ]h/ lji0f ' 1jfnLn]hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

pxfFsf cg';f/ lk=l6=kL= zf]?dsf]cjwf/0 f fcg ';f/ b ]ze/sflhNnfaf6 t]>f] gDa/df t'n;Lk'/nfO{cflwsfl/s l8n/sf] ?kdf sDkgLn]:jfldTj k|bfg u/]sf] xf] . o;cl3sDkgLn] wgu9L / wflbªdf lk=l6=kLzf]?d ;~rfng ul/ ;s]sf] 5 .zf]?dsf] t'n;Lk'/ pBf]u jfl0fHo;+3sf cWoIf ljdn l/hfnn]pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] xf] .

cd/lbk /]l8of] ;]G6/ ;~rfngub}{ cfPsf uf]/v jnLn] t'n;Lk'/ unfOgdf zf]?d ;~rfngdf Nofpg'ePsf] xf] .

ahf/

ahfhsf b'O{ gofFdf]6/;fOsn bfªdf

3f]/fxL . /fKtL c6f] OlGhlgol/ª3f]/fxLn] ahfhsf] gofF df]6/;fOsnahf/df NofPsf] 5 . d+unaf/3f]/fxLdf Ps sfo{qmdsf aLr gofFl8:se/ !%) sf] pb\3f6g ul/Psf]xf] . goFf df]8nx? l8:se/ !%)Pkm= xfkm k]ml/ª / l8:se/ !%)P;=:6\of88{ km]l/ª ePsf] b'Oj6f gofFdf]8n NofPsf] /fKtL c6f] OlGhlgol/ª3f]/fxLsf k|f]k|fO6/ anb]j of]uLn]hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

oL afOsn] $ eNe, !%) l;;L,l8l6P;cfO{ OlGhg ePsf] pTs[i6!$=% lkP; kfj/ / &@ ls=ld=k|ltln6/sf] dfOn]h lbg] k|d'v of]uLn]hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxfFn] k]6n l8S;a]|s ePsf] a9L ;'/lIft cfw'lgsPj+ cfsif{s l8lh6n ld6/ ePsf]n]a9L ;'/lIft x'g] atfpg'eof] . Pkm=xfkm k]ml/ª !%) df]6/;fOsnsf] d'No! nfv (& xhf/ ( ;o / l8:se/!%) P;=:6\of88{ km ]l/ª ePsf]df]6/;fOsnsf] d'No ! nfv ()xhf/ ( ;o ?k}ofF /x]sf] of]uLn]hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

o'jtL;Fu /S;L vfP/ ;'t]sfJolQmsf] c08sf]if g} ufoa

kqsf/ eP klg klgs:tf x':;' < Pshgf6]lnlehg k|:tf]tfn]cfˆgf] c08sf]if g}rf]/L x'“bf ;d]t ;'O“sf]kfPgg\ . e6\6Ldf Ps;'Gb/ o'jtL;“u d:tn]/S;L lkP/ ;'t]sf tLkqsf/n] lap“l “́bf dfqcfˆgf] c08sf]if s;}n]sf6]/ nu]sf] kQf] kfP .36gf ?;sf ] xf ] .k ]z fn ] 6 ] lnlehgsnfsf/ tyf kqsf//x]sf #) jifL{o lbldqL

lgsf]n]esf] c08sf]if rf]/L ePsf] 5 .d:sf]sf] Ps /+ud~rdf cfˆgf] snf k|:t't u/]kl5 dlb/f

kfg ug{ Pshgf ;'Gb/L s]6Lsf] ;fydf pgL af/df l5/]sflyP . tL s]6L;“u lhl:sbf lhl:sb} pgLx? kfgLsf] tftf]afkmn] lgj{:q e} g'xfpg] ;fpgfsf] dHhf lng uP . To;kl5b'a}hgf Ps csf{sf] r'Dagdf s]xL a]/ /dfP / dHhfn]lao/ lkP . lao/ lkPkl5 tL kqsf/ nl¶P . pgnfO{ To;kl5s] eof] eGg] s'/f yfxf gePsf] k|x/Lsf] egfO 5 .

pgL csf]{ lbg Ao'l´“bf a; :6kdf lyP . pgnfO{ cfˆgf]u'Ktf+u If]qdf lgs} b'vfO dx;'; eof] eg] cfˆgf] 6«fph/ klg/utn] leh]sf] b]v] . pgL tTsfn} c:ktfn s'b] . To;kl5pgL 5f“ufaf6 v;]́ }+ eP ha c:ktfnsf 8fS6/x?n] pgsfc08sf]if rf]/L ePsf] atfP . s'g} ljz]if1 8fS6/n] g} /fd|f];“u;h{/L u/]/ pgsf] c08sf]if lgsfn]sf] kfOPsf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf]5 . lao/df a]xf]; kfg]{ s'g} cf}iflw 3f]n]/ tL o'jtLn] g}pgnfO{ v'jfPsf] / To;kl5 o'jtL;“u /x]sf dfgj c+ut:s/x?n] pgnfO{ Toxf“af6 s'g} cj}w c:ktfndf nuLpgsf] c08sf]if lgsfn]sf] cg'dfg k|x/Ln] u/]sf] 5 .

tL 6]lnlehg snfsf/ tyf kqsf/n] cfkm'dfly ePsf]To:tf] ah|kft tyf uDeL/ ck/fwsf] ljifodf ;'?df cfˆgL>LdtLnfO{ ;d]t v'n]/ eGg ;s]gg\ . cGttM Tof] s'/f >LdtLn]yfxf gkfpg] ljifo g} /x]g . k|x/Ln] o'jsnfO{ af/df nu]/lao/ v'jfpg] o'jtL, tyf pgsf] c08sf]if lgsfNg]8fS6/nufotsf] lu/f]xsf] vf]hL ul//x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .

k/k'?if;Fu of}glqmof ubf{ln+u cl8\sPkl5 Û

blIf0f clk|msfsf] hf]xfg];au{df Ps cgf}7f] 36gf 36]sf]5 . s]xL lbgcl3 ;x/sf] d'Vo Onfsfl:yt Ps 3/sf]ˆNof6af6 u'xf/ dfu]sf] cfjfh ;'lgof] h'g s]xLa]/df?jfaf;Ldf kl/0ft eof] . 3/ aflx/ dflg;x?sf] 7"nf] eL8hDdf eof], To;kl5 k|x/L cfP/ cj:yf lgoGq0fdf lng'k¥of] .tdf;f x]g{sf nflu dflg;x? hDdf ePsf lyP . tdf;f klgcgf}7f] g} lyof] . cfˆgf] nf]Ug]nfO{ wf]sf lbP/ cs}{ k'?if;“uof}glqm8f ul//x]sL Ps dlxnfsf] u'Ktf+udf k/k'?ifsf] ln+ucl8\sPkl5 u'xf/ tyf ?jfaf;L ;'? ePsf] lyof] / Tof]bb{gfs tdf;fn] eL8nfO{ dgf]/~hg lbO/x]sf] lyof] .

8]nLd]nsf cg';f/ #$ jif{sL ;zf gudf gfdsL dlxnfcfˆgf] nf]Ug] clkm; uPsf] df}sf 5f]k]/ cfˆg} 3/df Pso'jsnfO{ af]nfP/ of}glqm8f ul//x]sL lyOg\ . @@ jif{sf];f]n sf]af]hf] gfdsf] o'js;“u /ltlqm8fsf] cfgGb n'l6/x]sf]a]nf r/d;'v k|fKt u/];“u} of] cj}w hf]8Ldfly eo+s/ ;d:ofcfOnfUof] . sf]af]hf]sf] ln+u gudfsf] of]gLdf cl8\sof] .;'?df t b'a}n] hf]8;“u tfgftfg u/]/ u'Ktf+u 5'6fpg] k|of;u/], t/ hf]/ rn]g . To;kl5 ;xof]usf nflu u'xf/ dfUg'sf]ljsNk /x]g .

gudfsL l5d]sL lk|l:snfsf cg';f/ ;'?df gudf a:g]ˆNof6af6 s]xL cfjfh cfof], of}glqm8fdf lnKt eP/ b'j}hgfn]cfjfh lgsfln/x]sf lyP . s]xL a]/kl5 eg] pgLx?n] u'xf/dfUg yfn] . 9f]sf vf]n]/ x]bf{ gudfsf] cj}w k|]dL pgLdfly;'lt/x]sf] lyof] / b'a}hgf ;xof]u dfUb} /f]O/x]sf lyP .

k|x/Lsf cg';f/ gudfsf] 3/sf] Tof] tdf;f x]g{sf nfluj/k/sf @ xhf/ dflg; hDdf eP . To;kl5 Pp6f PDa'n]G;af]nfOof] / b'a}hgfnfO{ c:ktfn k'/fOof] . 8fS6/x?n]cl8\sPsf u'Ktf+u 5'6\6fP . 8fS6/x?sf cg';f/ slxn]sfxL“;Def]usf a]nf ckjfbsf] ?kdf o:tf 36gf x'g] u5{g\ .dlxnfsf] of}gf+usf] leqL efu 3if{0fsf sf/0f slxn]sfxL“af“uf] x'g] tyf v'lDrg] sf/0fn] ubf{ Toxf“;Dd 3';]sf] k'?ifof}gf+u cl8\sg k'U5 .

–cgnfOgva/af6

a'waf/ @) kmfu'g, @)&! ;dfh^cgf}7f] ;+;f/

dfgj ;dfhsf]ljsf;qmddf lgdf{0fePsf ljleGg;+:s[ltx?dWo] lxGb"; d ' b f o s f ];f +:s[ lts Pjd\wfld{s b[li6sf]0fn];d]t dxTjk"0f{ xf]nLkj{ klg Ps xf] .g ]k fndf k lgxf]nLnfO{ ljleGg

If]qsf lxGb" wdf{jnDaL tyf Tof] ;+:s[lt;“uglhs /xL ;DaGw lgdf{0f u/]sf cGo;d'bfo ;d]tn] dgfpg] u5{g\ .

kl5Nnf s]xL jif{x?df g]kfnsf ljleGg7fp “df dgfOg ] xf ]nLx?df ef/tLornlrqx?sf] k|efj k|i6 ?kd} b]lvG5 .lgM;Gb]x xf]nL jif{e/sf cfk;L l/;–/fu/ å]ifnfO{ ;dfKt kfb} { Ps–csf{;“ucª\sdfn u/]/ ljleGg /ª\usf] caL/ nufO{;b\efjsf] ;f6f;f6 ug]{ kj{ xf] .

g]kfndf klg dxTjsf ;fy xf]nL kj{b'O{ lbg;Dd dgfpg] ul/b} cfOPsf] 5 .kxf8L lhNnfdf cl3Nnf] lbg / t/fO{dfef]lnkN6 of] kj{ w'dwfdsf ;fy dgfOG5 .xf]nLnfO{ t/fO{–dw]zdf …kmu'jfÚ eGg] ul/G5 .cfkmGt, Oi6ldq, ;fyLefOx?sf aLrdfcaL/sf] 6Lsf nufP/ Ps–csf{aLr ;'vb\knx? ;f6f;f6f ug]{ / jif}{el/ z'e xf];\

egL z'esfdgfsf zAbx? cfbfgk|bfg ug]{lbgsf ?kdf lrlgg] o; kj{sf] ljlzi6dxTj / ;Gb]z 5 .

xf]nLsf] dxTj / ;Gb]znfO{ glhsaf6lgofNbf of] dfgj ;Eotf;“u} ljsl;tljlzi6 kj{ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o; kj{dfcfkmGt, Oi6ldq, ;fyLefOx?n] ld7f]–rf]vf]vfP/ klg Ps–csf{df v'zLofnL ;f6f;f6u/]sf] xfdLn] b]Vb} / ef]Ub} cfPsf 5f}+ .oL ;a} ljifox?nfO{ x]bf{ xf]nL kj{sf] dxTjw]/} 5 / o;af6 xfdLn] w]/} s'/f l;Sg;Sb5f}+ .

xf]nL kj{ ljs[ltsf ?kdf b]vfk/]sf]5 . xf]nL kj{nfO{ dlxnfx?sf] ;+j]bgzLncª\u 5f]P/ cfgGb lng] lbgsf ?kdf…ljsl;tÚ ul/Psf] 5, eg] csf]{tkm{ hyfefaLnf]nf xfGg], sfnf]df];f] bNg], /ª\u 5\oflklbg]/ gzfn' kbfy{ ;]jg u/L cfgGb lng] lbgsf?kdf b'?kof]u ug]{ hdft a9\b} uPsf 5g\ .ut jif{x?df xfdLn] o:tf xs{tx? k|z:t}b]v]–ef]u]sf 5f}+ . o; jif{ klg oL s'/f k"0f{?kn] x6\5g\ eGg]df xfdL 9'Ss 5}gf}+ .

oxL /j}ofaf6 xf]nL kj{nfO{ b'?kof]uug]{x?sf] hdft a9\b} uof] eg] eljiodf/fHon] g} s8f ?kdf aGb]h nufpg];Ddsf]sfo{ ug{ afWo x'g'kg]{ l:ylt cfpg] lglZrt5 . ;a}h;f] kj{sf /fd|f ;Gb]z / p2]Zox?x'G5g\ t/ ;dfhdf xfdLn] g} ltgnfO{ ljs[tagfpg] sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+ .

olb xfdLn] xf]nLsf] ;Gbe{df a9\b} uPsfljs[ltx?nfO{ /f]Sg kof{Kt Wofg lbPgf}+ eg]o;sf gsf/fTds b'ikl/0ffdx? xfdL ;a}n]ef ] Ug 'kg ] { x ' G5 . olta ]nfsf ] ;do;+qmd0fsfnLg 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf x/]ssfo{af6 ;dfhdf lx+;f, cGofo, cTofrf/x'g] / ;fdflhs ;b\efjdf uDeL/ c;/k'Ug] sfdx? a9L x'g] ub{5g\ .

To;}n] xf]nLsf gfddf gfhfoh …nfeÚp7fpg vf]Hg]x?sf p2]Zo k"/f gxf]pmg\ eg]/;a}n] ;hutf ckgfpg' h?/L 5 . xf]nL kj{;b\efj / eft[Tjsf] ldof] xf] . ;dfhdf a9\b}uPsf] cfk/flws dfgl;stfn] klg xf]nLkj{nfO{ ljs[lto'Qm agfpg e"ldsf lgjf{xul//x]sf] 5 . ;Eo ;dfh lgdf{0fsf nfluklg cfk/flws dfgl;stf / k|j[lQnfO{lg?T;flxt kfg]{ sfddf ;a} nfUg' h?/L 5 .

xf]nL kj{nfO{ dof{lbt ?kdf ;a}n] dgfpg]jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug]{ sfd ;a}sf] xf] . xf]nLkj{nfO{ ljs[t x'gaf6 /f]Sgsf nflu x/]slhNnf / :yfgLo :t/df klg ljz]if tof/L /;hutf ckgfp“b} ;r]tgfsf] kf6f]nfO{ v/f]9ª\uaf6 cufl8 a9fpg' h?/L 5 . cfˆgf];Eotf / ;+:s[ltnfO{ ;+/If0f ub}{ cfufdLlbgdf xf]nL kj{nfO{ dof{lbt kj{sf ?kdflrgfpg cfd g]kfnLn] cf–cfˆgf] 7fp“af6of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' cfjZos 5 .

–dw]zjf0fL lkmr/ ;]jfaf6

xf]nL kj{ M ;sf/fTdstfc+ufnf}+, gsf/fTdstf Tofuf}+

;+uLtf /]UdL

d]u/fh v8\sf

?s'd . dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{sf] ?s'dv08df lgdf{0f sfo{ k|efjsf/L gePsf] eGb}?s'd lhNnfl:yt sfof{no k|d'v tyf;j{;fwf/0fn] u'gf;f] u/]sf 5g\ . 7]s]bf/tyf ;DalGwt sfof{non] ;d]t ;do–;dodf cg'udg tyf rf;f] glbbf sfdk|efjsf/L aGg g;s]sf] pgLx?sf] egfO{5 .

nf ]sdfu{sf ] ?s'd v08df sfdk |efjsf l/tf tyf ;/f ]sf/jfnfx?lgsfox?sf] wf/0ff;lxt cg'udgsf nflu?s'd cfPsf] /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf]6f]nL;Fu sfof{no k|d'v tyf pkef]Qmfx?n]v'n]/} u'gf;f] u/]sf lyP .

o; laifodf ?s'dsf k|d'v lhNnfclwsf/L xl/k|;fb e08f/Ln] ;8s l8lehgtyf 7]s]bf/x? lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no;Fu;dGjosf/L e"ldsf gv]n]sf sf/0f ;do–;dodf ;d:of cfpg] u/]sf] atfpg'eof] .…nf]sdfu{sf] af/]df u'gf;f] tyf hfgsf/Llbg w]/} ;j{;fwf/0fx? k|zf;gdf cfPsf

x'G5g\Ú k|lhc e08f/Ln] eGg'eof], …sltv]/sxfF vlgb}5, 7]Ssf s;sf] xf] xfdLnfO{g} yfxf x'Fb}g s;/L xfdLn] c?nfO{ hfgsf/Llbg] <Ú

?s'dsf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L e/ts'df/ zdf{n] nf]sdfu{sf e}/x]sf sfdkf/bzL{ aGg g;s]sf] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] .…nf]sdfu{ lgdf{0f If]qdf o; ;8sv08sfnflu ah]6 slt 5, 7]s]bf/ sf] xf] /slxn];Dd ;Sg] xf] To:tf] v'nfPsf] s'g}xf]l8ªaf]8{x? g} 5}gÚ zdf{n] eGg'eof],…tTsfn v08–v08df ;a} v'nfPsf]xf]l8ªaf]8{ /fVg] / a]nf–a]nf 7]s]bf/kl/jt{g ug]{ sfd /f]Sg'k5{ .Ú ;8sv08dfa]nf–a]nf 7]s]bf/ kl/jt{g x'g] x'Fbf ;8ssf]u'0f:t/ sdhf]/ x'g] atfpFb} :yfgLo ljsf;clwsf/L zdf{n] lhNnfdf ;~rfng x'g]ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfdx? lhNnf ljsf;;ldlt;Fu ;dGjo gu/]/ ubf{ cfkm"x?nfO{;d]t cˆ7\of/f] k/]sf] atfpg'eof] .

g]kfn t?0f bn ?s'dsf cWoIf gGb'lai6n] ?s'ddf kg]{ v08sf] sfd 7]s]bf/n]nfk/afxL u/]sf] / lgods lgsfo r'k nfu]/

a;]sf ] cf/f ]k nufpg'eof ] . pxf Fn ];8sv08 g} gx'g] bfªdf ;8s ;j–l8lehg sfof{no /fVg'eGbf Tof] sfof{no?s'dd} :yfkgf u/] nf]sdfu{;DaGwLhfgsf/L tyf u'gf;f] /fVg] pkef]Qmfsf nflu;xh x'g] atfpg'eof] .

:yfgLo lkkng]6fsf pkef]Qmf l6sf/fdvqLn] 7]s]bf/n] sf]xL dflyaf6 x]g{ cfpgnfu]sf] a]nf dfq ;8s vGg] u/]sf] atfpb}c? ;do l9nf;':tL ul//x]sf] atfpg'eof] .…hxfF–hxfF df6f] 5 ToxfF–ToxfF dfq 8f]h/nluG5, 9'ªuf ePsf] 7fpF 5f]Psf] klg 5}g,vqLn] eGg'eof], …:yfgLosf] slt hUuf slt;8sn] sf6\5, 3/hUuf ;8sn] kmfn]dfslt /fxt kfOG5 nufotsf w]/} s'/fx?s]xL yfxf glbP/ xfdL cGof]ndf k/]sf 5f}+ .Ú

?s'dsf]6b]lv hfh/sf]6 ;8sv08sf]cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sgsf nflu cfPsf/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf sfo{qmd lgb]{zsZofdk|;fb e08f/Ln] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnflgsfox?sf] u'gf;f] cfˆgf] k|ltj]bgdf ;d]6LcfufdL lbgx?df o:tf] sdLsdhf]/L x'gglbg ;'emfj lbg] atfpg'eof] .

nf]sdfu{ lgdf{0fsf] sfdk|lt ;a}sf] u'gf;f]

ljljw&kmf]6f] sg{/

a'waf/ @) kmfu'g, @)&!

hgpef/ ;dfrf/bftf

bfª .bfª .bfª .bfª .bfª . bfªsf ] ;du |v]ns'bsf] ljsf;sf nflukl5Nnf ] r/0fdf ljleGgk|of;x? eO/x]sf 5g\ .v]ns'b d}bfg lgdf{0f nufotsfef}lts lgdf{0fsf sfo{ xf];\ ofljleGg k|sf/sf v]ns'bsf]cfof]hgf u/L lhNnfsf] v]nIfq]nfO{ dfly p7fpg] clwsk|of; ePsf 5g\ .

o; }qmddf 3f ] / fx Ldfax'p2]ZoLo sj8{ xn lgdf{0fsfo{ clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf]5 . :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnocGtu{tsf] hu]8fsf]if / o;If ]qdf lqmofzLn ljleGgv ]nf8Lx?sf ] nfut;xef lutfdf 3f ] / fx Lgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !) v''Nnfd~r glhs} lgdf{0f x''g nfu]sf]ax'p2]ZoLo sj8{sf] s/La &)k|ltzt ef}lts lgdf{0fsf] sfd;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 .

ut cf ly {s ji f {b ] lvlgdf{0fsf] sfd z''? ePsf] pQmsj8{ xndf clxn];Dd em08}Ps s/f ]8 ?k }o f F vr {eO;s]sf] sj8{ xn lgdf{0fsf

nflu ;+of]hg ub{} cfPsf] 3f]/fxLJof8d]G6g Snjsf cWoIf Pj+3 f ] / fx L gu/kf lnsfsfOl~hlgo/ /fdwg >]i7n]atfpg''eof] . …sj8{ xnsf]s/La ;Q/L k|ltzt sfd;lsPsf] 5Ú, pxfFn] eGg'eof],…afFsL sfd klg tLa|?kdf cl3al9/x]sf] 5 .Ú rfn' cfly{sjif{leqdf ef}lts ;+/r0fsf]sfd ;DkGg eO;Sg] / afFsLlkmlgl;ªsf] sfd csf{] jif{dfx''g] >]i7n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

s/La b'O{ s/f]8sf] nfutcg''dfg ul/Psf] pQm sj8{xnsf nflu clxn] cfly{s

;d:of k lg b ] lvPsf ]ax'p2]ZoLo sj8{ xn lgdf{0fpkef]Qmf ;ldltn] atfPsf] 5 .clxn];Dddf :yfgLo ljsf;dGqfnosf] hu]8f sf]ifaf6 ¿=^# nfv cfO;s]sf] 5 . utcfly{s jif{df hu]8f sf]ifaf6¿= #% nfv / rfn' cfjdfklxnf] ls:tfsf] /sdcGtu{t@* nfv ?k}ofF k|fKt ePsf]Ol~hlgo/ >]i7n] hfgsf/Llbg'eof] . rfn' cfjdf sf]ifaf6¿= $) nfv cfpg'kg{] / To;sfnflu ax'p2]ZoLo sj8{ xnlgdf{0f pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] ¿= !)nfv hDdf ug' {kg{ ]5 . ut

cfjdf nfut ;xeflutfaf6¿= !% nfv vr{ ul/Psf]lyof] .

sj8{ xn ;a}sf nflu /;du| lhNnfsf] v]ns'bsf]ljsf;sf nflu ePsfn]:yfgLo :t/df cf ly {s;xof]usf] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .xn lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePkl5To;df Jof8ldG6g, 6]a'n6 ] lg;nufotsf ljleGgv]nx? v]Ng ;lsg]5 .;xof]u h'6\b} uPkl5 o;nfO{Jojl:yt ub{} n}hfg] sj8{ xnlgdf {0f pkef ]Qmf ;ldltn]hgfPsf] 5 .

/f]Nkf xfh{ªsL Ps dlxnf b'w] afnsnfO{ sfvLdf Rofk]/ bfp/fsf] ef/L af]s]/ 3/ kms{b} . /f]Nkfnufot u|fdL0f a:tLsf ljkGgdlxnfx? 3/u[x:yLsf nflu sfv] afns;Fu} 3fF; bfp/f / d]nfkft ug{ afWo 5g\ . tl:a/ M s]aL 8fFuLsf] km];a'saf6

ufp“n]lhGbuL Û

3f]/fxLdf ax'p2]ZoLo sj8{ xn aGb}

;dfrf/ ljljw

hgpef/ ;dfrf/bftf

bfª . nfdf ] ;dob ] lvca}wflgs dflgPsf e';] O§fpBf]ux?n] ca a}wflgstf kfpg]ePsf 5g\ . cf}Bf]lus k|a4{gaf]8{sf] oxL df3 % ut] a;]sf]a}7sn] e';] O§f pBf]ux?nfO{ btf{x'gsf nflu gofF sfg'gL Joj:yfu/]kl5 tL pBf]ux?n] a}wflgstfkfpg] ePsf x''g\ .

gofF Joj:yfcg';f/ cf}Bf]lusk|a4{g jf]8{af6 ul7g sfo{bnn]tof/ u/]sf] k|ltj]bg @)&! dfpNn]v ePsf ;a} dfkb08x?clgjfo{ kfngf ug{] u/L sDQLdfPs jif{b]lv ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsfe';] O§f pBf]ux? ;DalGwtlhNnfsf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usfof{nodf btf{ x'g kfpg] 5g\ .btf{ x'gsf nflu af]8{n] s]xL;t{;lxtsf] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

af]8{sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ @)&#df3 d;fGt;Dddf cfw'lgs k|ljlw-lkmS; lrDgL_ df ?kfGt/0f x'g]u/L ;f] cjlw;Dd btf{ x'g kfpg]Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . btf{ ubf{ btf{x'g rfxg] e';] O§f pBf]ux?nfO{:ynut lg/LIf0f u/]/ dfq} btf{ug{ 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usfof{nonfO{ lgb{]zg lbPsf] 5 .…cf}Bf]lus af]8{sf] lg0f{o cg'';f/sf]kl/kq sfof{nodf cfO;s]sf] 5Ú–3/]n'' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{nobfªsf k|d' 'v pBf]u clws[t

hgpef/ ;dfrf/bftf

3f]/fxL . bfªdf yk tLg ;ogofF åGåkLl8t km]nf k/]sf]:yfgLo zflGt ;ldlt bfªn]hgfPsf] 5 . zflGt tyf k'gMlgdf{0f dGqfnon] df3 !! ut]b]lv kmfu'g !! ut];Dd lnPsf]gofF nutdf gofF åGåkLl8t km]nfk/]sf ] zflGt ;ldlt bfªn]hgfPsf] xf] .

gofF kLl8tx?dWo] *! hgf3fOt], !! hgf a]kQf, % hgfd[ts km]nf k/]sf] :yfgLo zflGt;ldlt bfªsf ;lrj k|]dk|sfz

s];Ln] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . o:t}ckx/0f ! ;o &, s}b lx/f;t@%, ef}lts ;+/rgf Iflt %),lj:yflkt (^, 3/hUuf sAhf @/ 6'x'/f afns @ hgfsf] lgj]bgk/]sf] s];Ln] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

;a} åGåkLl8tsf] ljj/0flhNnf k|zf;g sfof {nodfk7fPsf] eGb} ;lrj s];Ln]cfufdL kmfu'g @) ut]leq ;a}lgj]bgdf 5fgljg u/L dGqfnodfk7fpg] tof/L ePsf] atfpg'eof] .tTsfnsf nflu /fxt ljt/0fsfsfo{qmd geP klg lhNnfel/nut ;+sng ul/Psf] ;lrj

s];Ln] atfpg 'eof ] . xfnlhNnfdf ̂ ;o @ hgf d[tsdWo]$ ;o &% hgfn] b'O{ ls:tf u/Lsl/a # nfv ?k}ofF /fxt k|fKtu/]sf] ;lrj s];Ln] hfgsf/Llbg'eof] .

:yfgLo zflGt ;ldlt bfªdf! ;o !# hgf a]kQf, @ ;o ()ckx/0f, # ;o & 3fOt], ;DkltIflt !@, lj:yflkt % ;o $%,6'x/f %, s}b lx/f;t @ ;o @(hgf /x]sf] ;ldltn] hgfPsf] 5 .To;dWo] a]kQfsf ̂ !, ckx/0fsf@ ;o @^, 3fOt] ckfª\usf !;o (), ;Dklt Iflt !@,

lj:yflkt @ ;o / 6'x'/f % hgfn]/fxt kfPsf] ;ldltn] tYof+sdfpNn]v 5 .

k|r08 g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/n]!) nfv lbg] 3f]if0ff u/] klgls:tf ls:tfdf u/L clxn];Ddb'O{ k6s /fxt k|bfg ul/Psf]5 . otf ;/sf/n] /fxt glbbfcfkm"x? lgs} ;d:ofdf k/]sf]lahf }/ L–# lgaf;L sanL;fsL{sf] egfO{ 5 . ;/sf/LkIfn] lahf}/Ldf >Ldfgsf] uf]nLxfgL xTof u/ ]sf ] atfp Fb }> Ldfgsf ] d [ To 'k l5 cfkm ';d:ofdf k/]sf] atfpg'eof] .

bfªdf yk tLg ;o åGåkLl8t e]l6P

xl/k|;fb kf08]on] eGg' 'eof],…o;}cg';f/ xfdL btf{ ug{] xf] t/clxn];Dd lhNnfsf s''g} klg e';]O§f pBf]ux? btf{sf nflu cfPsf5}gg\ .Ú

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