.

(Depot Maintenance)

. (Air Traffic Control Radio System) . (Single Sideband Radio System) . (Tactical Radio System) . (Command and Control Radio System)

(ITU : International Telecommunication Union) (Region)

. ITU

59

Region 1 B A C

Region 2 C B

Region 3 A C

ITU

(Region 3) ITU (.) . ( National Table of Allocations, Thailand)

. (Air Traffic Control Radio System)

FAA . (Tower Control)

15 Nmi . (Approach Control)

35 Nmi 50 Nmi

. (FIR : Flight Information Rule)

FAA VHF/AM UHF/AM VHF 118.000 137.000 MHz (Civilian

60

Band) UHF 225.000399.975 MHz 225-230 MHz (Broadcasting) 328.6-335.4 MHz

.. (VHF/UHF) VHF (30-300 MHz) UHF (300-3000 MHz)

...

(Thermal Noise Electrical Noise) "Atmospheric Noise"

... (Directed Wave) (Line of Sight : LOS)

... (Wide Bandwidth) HF

(Point to Point) (Ground to Ground) (Ground to Air) (Air to Air) (Line of Sight)

.. (VHF/AM UHF/AM)

(FMS)

. . . (RTADS Phase III) - PAE 3060

61

(RTADS Phase II) -

. Single Channel Primary Multi Channel Backup Primary - Multi Channel Primary Backup . Single Channel

. Single Channel . Multi Channel . Multi Channel Multi Band Multi Mode

... Single Channel

Channel 236.6 MHz 243.0 MHz

. VHF/AM 116149.9875 MHz AN/GRT-21, AN/GRR-23 PAE 1250, PAE 2100 118 137 MHz UHF/AM 225-399.975 MHz

AN/GRR-23, 24 AN/GRT-21, 22

62

PAE 1250, 2300 PAE 2100, 2200

. Single Channel .

. Single Channel VHF/AM Single Channel AN/GRT-21, AN/GRR-23 UHF/AM Single Channel AN/GRT-22, AN/GRR-24

... Multi Channel - Channel

Channel (Transceiver) Single Channel

. VHF/AM Multi Channel AN/GRC-211, UHF/AM Multi Channel AN/GRC-171 RTADS Phase II VHF/AM Multi Channel XU4200 UHF/AM Multi Channel XD4200 Rohde & Schwarz . - AN/GRC-211, AN/GRC-171 RTADS Phase I RTADS Phase II XU4200, XD4200

AN/GRC-211 & AN/GRC-171 XU4200 & XD4200

. Multi Channel

63

... Multi Channel Multi Band Multi Mode - Channel

Channel Mode AM, FM, TADIL-A Have Quick (Band) VHF UHF (Transceiver) Primary Backup (Multi Roles)

PAE3060

M3SR

. Multi Channel-Multi Band-Multi Mode . PAE3060

RTADS Phase II M3SR Rohde & Schwarz . PAE3060 VHF/UHF/AM/FM 100-163 MHz 225-399.975 MHz M3SR 30-512 MHz AM/FM Option Data Link Have Quick M3SR

64

IP Security SECOS (Security Communication System)

.. 100 MHz Line

of Sight . Optical Horizon Distance (OHD) . Radio Horizon Distance (RHD) . Scatter Distance ( ) ... Optical Horizon Distance (OHD) (Antenna) (OHD)

D(Distance in Statute Mile) = 1.227 H (Height in Feet) OHD

(D) = 1.227 10 x 10 = 1.227 x 10 D = 12.27

,

(D) = 1.227 100 x 100 = 1.227 x 100 = 122.7

. ,

D = 1.227 Ha + Hg ( Ha . Hg )

D = 1.227 (10,000 + 100 ) = 1.227 x (100+10) OHD = 1.227 X 110 = 134.97

65

... Radio Horizon Distance (RHD) Refraction RHD

D (Distance in Statute Mile) = 2H (Height in Feet) RHD

(D) = 2 x 100 = 1.414 x 10 D = 14.14

RHD OHD RHD . ,

D = 2Ha + 2Hg ( Ha . Hg )

D = 2x10,000 + 2x100 = 141.4 + 14.14 RHD = 155.54

-- VHF/UHF

(EIRP : Effective Isotropic Radiated Power)

. OHD RHD

RHD

OHD

Refraction

66

(Free Space Loss) OHD RHD

(EIRP : Effective Isotropic Radiated Power)

EIRP = Pt - LLt + Gt dBW Pt = Transmit Power in dBW LLt = Total Line Loss at the Transmit End in dB Gt = Gain of Transmit Antenna in dBi (ETP:Effective Transmitted Power)

ETP = Pt - LLt + Gt + Gr - LLr dBW Pt = Transmit Power in dBW LLt = Total Line Loss at the Transmit End in dB Gt = Gain of Transmit Antenna in dBi LLr = Total Line Loss at the Receive End in dB Gr = Gain of Receive Antenna in dBi dBW

10 10 dBW 2 dB 2 dB 1 dB EIRP ETP

ETP = Pt - LLt + Gt + Gr LLr 10 2 + 2 + 1 - 2 ETP = 9 dBW EIRP = Pt - LLt + Gt 10-2+2 ; EIRP = 10 dBW

SWR (Transmission Line) (Antenna) Impedance Match

67

. SINGLE SIDEBAND (SSB) SSB . SSB

SSB Media Media SSB

HF (Data Link) . HF/SSB

. (Voice Mode) . (Data Link)

Network

TMR 90S HF Mackay Radio AN/URC-94

PA 1000 Data Link (Tadil-A Link11)

.

68

.. SSB AM Power 2 Carrier Power (PC)

Peak Power Carrier Power (Unmodulated Carrier) Peak Power Power Sideband 2 AM Power (Average Power) SSB Peak Envelope Power (PEP) Power Carrier

Freq. . SSB AM

Mod 100% 100 Volts Radiation Resistance (Ant) 50 (Power Carrier : Pc) Pc = E2/R E = 100 Volts R = 50 = (100) 2/50 Pc = 200 Watts

(Total Power : Pt) Mod 100% Pt = Pc (1 + M2 ) 2 Pt = Total Power Pc = Carrier Power M = Modulation Index (100% Mod = 1) Pt = 200 (1 + 12 ) 2

200 W 150W

100W

50W LSB USB

69

Pt = 200 x 1.5 = 300 W Sideband

Psb = Pt Pc Sideband

300-200 = 100 W Sideband Sideband 50 W Power Sideband Power Carrier Mod 100%

SSB AM 4 dB=9 dB z 100% AM SSB

PEP (Emax or Epeak) 0.707 Load Resistance SSB 150 Vp-p PEP

PEP = [(150/2) x 0.707]2 / 50 = 56.2 W.

SSB . SSB Transmission Sideband

Carrier Sideband SSB . SSB Suppressed Carrier Sideband

Carrier Pilot Carrier Sideband

. SSB Reduced Carrier Sideband Carrier Sideband

. SSB Full Carrier Carrier Sideband Sideband

. Independent Sideband Carrier Sideband

AM SSB SSB

. SSB Band AM 2 Channels (LSB or USB) AM Channel

70

. SSB AM (9 dB) . Signal - to - Noise Ratio

AM SSB SSB AM 9 dB

. (Fading) (Interference) SSB AM AM LSB USB

. SSB AM SSB AM

SSB . SSB (Frequency Stability) SSB .

.. SSB ... Half wave Dipole

.... Horizontal ()

Insulator Coaxial Connector Insulator /4 /4 Coaxial

. Horizontal Half Wave Dipole Antenna

71

.... Slant Doublet Half Wave

Insulator Coaxial Connector Insulator Coaxial

. Slant Doublet Half Wave Dipole Antenna

Horizontal Slant Doublet Half Wave Dipole Antenna . 234/Freq (MHz) . 71.3/ Freq (MHz)

.... Inverted VEE Doublet Half Wave Dipole Antenna Drooping Half Wave Antenna Horizontal Vertical Coaxial Connector Insulator Insulator Coaxial

. Inverted VEE Doublet Half Wave Dipole Antenna Invert VEE Doublet

1. 245/Freq (MHz) 2. 74.5/ Freq (MHz)

72

... Long Wire Antenna Antenna Tuning Unit (ATU) Antenna Coupler Unit (ACU) 2-30 MHz Vertical Polarization - Insulator Insulator Coaxial Antenna Tuning Unit (ATU)

. Long Wire Antenna

... Broadband Dipole 2-30 MHz Antenna Tuning Unit Insulator Insulator Coaxial

. Broadband Dipole Antenna

73

... Vertical Whip Antenna Antenna Tuning Unit (ATU) Antenna Coupler Unit (ACU) 2-30 MHz Sky Wave Ground Wave Omni-Directional Whip Antenna Antenna Tuning Unit (ATU)

. Vertical Whip Antenna

.. SSB . HF/SSB . RF-2301,

AN/URC-94 RF-280, TMR 90S, HF6200 PRC-130 (RTADS PHASE II) XK2100

HF/SSB . - Two-way Communication Mode USB, LSB, FM, AM CW 1.5 30 MHz 79.999 MHz Antenna Coupler Unit Antenna Tuning Unit Match Voice/Data - Data -

74

. (Tactical Communication System) ..

. . . /

.. 3 - HF (High Frequency) - VHF (Very High Frequency) - UHF (Ultra High Frequency) ... HF/SSB (High Frequency) High Frequency 2-30 MHz

HF Manpack, Mobile Vehicle Base Station 20 Watts 1,000 Watts HF . HF AN/PRC-104, AN/PRC-174, AN/PRC-130, AN/URC-94, RF-2301 HF6200

... VHF (Very High Frequency) VHF VHF/FM (Low Band) VHF/AM VHF/FM (Low Band) 30 - 75.975 MHz VHF/AM 116-149.975 MHz Line-of-Sight . VHF/FM (Low Band) AN/PRC-77, AN/PRC-117(D), AN/GRC-160, RT-524A, AN/GRC-125, PRC-710S, CNR900 VHF/UHF/AM AN/PRC-113 AN/VRC-83 VHF/UHF/AM/FM AN/URC-200 PRC-710MB

75

... UHF (Ultra High Frequency) 225-399.975 MHz Modulation Amplitude Modulation Line-of-Sight 2-30 Watts . UHF AN/PRC-660 AN/VRC-240 VHF/UHF/AM AN/PRC-113 AN/VRC-83 VHF/UHF/AM/FM AN/URC-200 PRC-710MB

.. 3 . Manpack . Mobile Vehicle . Base Station ... Manpack Manpack

Manpack Manpack Battery

... Mobile Vehicle Mobile Vehicle

Mobile Vehicle Mobile Vehicle Battery .

... Base Station Base Station

AC Base Station HF/SSB, VHF/FM (Low Band), VHF/FM (High Band), VHF/AM, UHF/AM

76

.

. ..

VHF/FM High Band 136-174 MHz UHF/FM 400-460 MHz Line of Sight Ground to Ground ETP = Pt LLt + Gt + Gr - LLr dBW Tfm = Tn + 10 dB dBW Tn = 20 Log E 10 Log R ( E = Sensitivity in Volt, R = Receiver input Resistance) f = MHz Ht = Hr =

40 Log D = ETP-107.7-20 Log f + 20 Log Ht + 20 Log Hr-Tfm

77

. .. . .. . .. . (Base Station) . (Vehicle) . (Hand-Held) ... (Base Station)

(Base Station)

. VHF/FM Base Station

... (Vehicle)

(Base Station) 20-50 Battery

. VHF/FM Vehicle

78

... (Hand-Held) Battery 7.5 VDC 1200 mAh - Broadband

. Hand-Held

.. VHF/FM Selective Call

136-174 MHz . Base Station . Phone Patch Base Station . (Hand-Held Handie Talkie ; HDTK)

... Base Station Base Operator (Repeater) ... Phone Patch (Base Station) .... Single Tone .... Continuous Tone

79

...

.

. (HDTK) HDTK Phone Patch Base Station Turn On HDTK

. HDTK HDTK Base Station Phone Patch

. HDTK HDTK HDTK Base Station Phone Patch HDTK Phone Patch Base Station HDTK

Trunk Radio .

PhonePatch

Basestation

.

Tx=BRX=A

TX=ARX=B

Tx=ARX=B

HDTK

II HDTK

Tx=B Rx=A

Tx=A Rx=B

80

.. (Trunked Radio System)

Trunked Radio

(Central Controller) (Repeater Station) (Private Call)

(PCM Switch) MPT 1327 (Cellular)

.

o VOICE PLUS DATA - o PACKET DATA OPTIMIZED - Packet

o DIRECT MODE

Trunked Radio Conventional Land Mobile

PTT Voice Channel Request

Voice Channel Assignment

Voice Channel Path Open

Talk

81

Trunked Radio Conventional Land Mobile Digital Trunked Radio

. APCO P25 VHF/FM-136-174 MHz, UHF/FM - 400, 800 MHz

. TETRA UHF/FM - 800 MHz

- Multi Media

.

82

(.)

.

GPS tracking

.

83

(Conventional Radio)

Half Duplex