၁။ ႏြမ္ဂ်ာသုိင္း- လြမ္းေလကညင္း

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Myanmar Novel-Nun Gyar Thine-Lwan Lay Ka Nyin

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  • www.burmeseclassic.com

  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 293

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    E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box-234

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 21

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;22

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    apmapmu ausmif;wufcsifpdwf jyif;jyaeaom pJGNrJ?ausmif;wuf&rSmyif cyfvefYvefYjzpfoGm;\/

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 23

    ( 3 )

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;24

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    ausmif;0if;BuD;uvnf; {&mrtus,fBuD;/wpfxyfaqmif? ESpfxyfaqmif ...aygif; ckepfaqmif

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 25

    avmuf ausmif;aqmifawG trsm;BuD;&Sdonfhtjyif refusnf;yif?xef;yif? wrmyif? zefcg;yif? Am'Hyif ponfjzifh tyifBuD;awGuvnf; wpfausmif;vHk;rSm ae&mtESHY tkyfrdk;aeonf/

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;26

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    xkdpOfuawmh q&mhpum;udk pJGNrJ odyfr,Hkrd? onfq&mudk cspfzdkYaeaeomom awGYwmESifhyif aMumufacs; rygrdatmifrenf;xdef;xm;ae&onfhtcsdef/

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 27

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;28

    aeqJ? ausmbufu ycHk;udkwdkYNyD; avoHjzifh wdk;wdk;av;ar;vdkufaom toHaMumifh pJGNrJudk,fav; cgceJjzpfatmif wkefvIyfoGm;onf/

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 29

    jyemESifh awGYqHkae&NyDyJ[k pJGNrJu awG;vdkuf&if; ...]aeygOD; aeygOD;? eifajymwJh tJ'Dr,foDv&Sifacgif;jywf

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;30

    ][if ...emrnfuvnf; pJGNrJwJhvm;? vlemrnfvnf;r[kwfbl;}

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 31

    wmvJ odcsifvdkY Munfhwm}]b,fodrvJ? igu eifMunfhaeyHkaxmuf&if wpfckckawmh

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;32

    ausmif;wufNyD[m? twef;xJ oGm;Mu&atmif? awmfMum q&mOD;ndKwkwfeJYawGUvdkY olYBudrfwkwfpmrdaeOD;r,f}

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 33

    ( 4 )

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;34

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;38

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;40

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;44

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;46

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 49

    MumNyD? eifvSnfhrMunfhawmh ighudk eif rrSwfrdawmhbl;awmifatmufarhaewm}

    pJGNrJ NyHK;vdkuf&if; ...]&Spf ...&Spf ...qdkwJh toHawmh Mum;om;yJ? 'gayr,fh

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    &ifNidrf;ESifh aemufESpf&ufavmuftMumrSm jyefqHkjcif;jzpfonf/ onfwpfcgawmh reufausmif;rwufcif tcsdefr[kwf/aeYv,frkefYpm;qif;csdefBuD; jzpfonf/

    &ifNidrf;yHkpHu [dkwpfaeYuESifh bmrSrajymif;vJ/ [dkwpfaeYuvdkyif ausmif;0wfpHkESifh jzpfonf/ qHyifudkvnf; [dkaeYuvdkyif ESpfzufcJG pnf;xm;onf/ vufxJrSm udkifxm;aom vufudkify0gav;wpfckom t0ga&mifrS yef;a&mifodkY ajymif;oGm;onf/

    pJGNrJpum;aMumifh &ifNidrf;u auseyfpGm NyHK;onf/]at;yg? ppcsif; ighemrnfudk ac:vdkufuwnf;u

    eifrSwfrdw,fqdkwm odoGm;ygNyD pJGNrJ&,f? tJ'geJY eif tck 'DrSmbmvkyfaewmvJ}

    ]bmrSrvkyfygbl;? &yfaewm}]tdk &yfaewmawmh odwmaygh? &yfNyD; bmvkyfaewmvJ

    odcsifwm}pJGNrJ&,fonf/]&yfNyD; bmrSrvkyfygbl;[m? [dkMunfh'DMunfh avQmuf

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;50

    MunfhaewmygyJ}]avQmufMunfhaeawmh bmawGYvJ}]bmrS rawGYygbl;? bmvJ eifu r,foDv&Sifacgif;jywf

    awGYvm; ar;OD;rvdkY r[kwfvm;}&ifNidrf;u &,fonf/]r[kwfygbl;? tJ'gu 'DvdktjyifrSmrS r&Sdwwfwm?

    r,foDv&Sifacgif;jywfu pmoifcef;xJu pm;yJGay:rSmyJ &SdwmwJh? 'Djyif[mawGrsm; awGYovm;vdkY}

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    olYpum;qHk;rS pJGNrJu ...]igawmh [kwfr,frxifygbl;[m}

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 51

    &ifNidrf;trlt&mav;u a'gojzpfonfhtoGifodkY ul;ajymif;oGm;onf/

    ]tHr,f? bmvdkY r[kwf&rSmvJ? igajymwJhpum;udk eifur,Hkbl;aygh? bmvJ ignmajymw,f atmufarhvdkYvm;}

    pJGNrJu &,f&if; ...]tJvdkajymwm r[kwfygbl;[m? 'gayr,fh igpOf;pm;Munfh

    wmu eifvnf; 'Dausmif;rSm aevmcJhwm MumNyDyJ? wu,fomtJ'gawG&Sd&if olwdkYrajymcsifuwnf;u eif awGYzl;ae&rSmaygh?ck tJ'gawG wu,fr&SdvdkY olwdkYajymwmawmif eifvdkuf&SmvdkYrawGY&bl; jzpfaew,fr[kwfvm;}

    ]r[kwfbl; pJGNrJ&? t&ifwkef;uawmh 'Dvdk'Dvdk&Sdwmudk iguodrSrodwm? tJ'Dawmh awGUjrifae&ifawmif owdxm;rdrSmr[kwfbl;aygh? NyD;awmh tJ'Dwkef;u igu uav;yJ? o&JeJYawGY&ifawmif o&JrSef; igb,fodrvJ}

    onfwpfcgawmh pJGNrJ [uf[ufyufyuf &,fypfvdkufonf/ odkYaomf odyf&,fvdkufvQifvnf; olY avSmifonfxifNyD;&ifNidrf; pdwfqdk;oGm;rSm owd& uref;uwef; t&,fudkjyef&yf&if;/

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    ]at; aumif;w,f? eifowdxm;Munfhay;aemf pJGNrJ?

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;52

    raygheJY o&JwpfcgawGYwdkif; eifhudk ig rkefYwpfckauR;r,f? awGY&ifvnf; ighudk csufcsif;vmac:jy? igwdkYatcef;udk eifodw,fr[kwfvm;}

    pJGNrJuawmh &,fNyD;&if; &,fcsifaeawmhonf/]o&Judk Munfhcsif&atmif eifraMumufbl;vm; &ifNidrf;}&ifNidrf;u Zufuav;udk ykvdkuf&if; ...]aMumufawmh aMumufwmaygh[? ig tck tdrfom

    awmif wpfa,mufwnf; roGm;&Jawmhbl;? 'gayr,fh Munfhwmuvnf; MunfhcsifwmyJ? ig wpfa,mufwnf;vnf; b,fMunfhrvJ?eifeJYtwlwl oGm;MunfhrSmaygh? eifu a,mufsm;av;yJ[m? o&Jjzpfjzpf raMumufeJYaygh}

    ]igu raMumufygbl;}]at;yg ...igodygw,f? tJ'gaMumifh eifhudkvnf; ig

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    i,fi,fuwnf;u uwfoD;uwfowf cdkif;wwfaom&ifNidrf;/

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 53

    ( 7 )

    ]awGYvm;}&ifNidrf; ZJGaumif;wwfjcif;udpudkawmh pJGNrJ ...

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    wpfywfajrmufaom umvwGifyif pJGNrJu ckepfBudrfajrmuf acgif;cg&if; ...

    ]rawGYygbl; &ifNidrf;&m? eifajymwmrsdK; bmwpfckrS igrawGYygbl;}

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;54

    ]aMomf ...igu aocsmMunfhygw,f &ifNidrf;&,f? eifhOpmawGu &Sdudkr&Sdwmyg? aocsmpOf;pm;MunfhygOD; ...'Dausmif;rSm igwdkYESpfa,mufwnf; &Sdwmr[kwfbl;[? eifa&m iga&m rawGYawmif 'gawG&Sd&if wpfa,mufr[kwf wpfa,mufuawmh awGYrSmaygh? awGY&ifvnf; wpfausmif;vHk; tkwfatmfaomif;wif;jzpfoGm;rSmaygh}

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    avoHjzifh ajymonf/ NyD;awmhvnf; ar;axmifhav;udk vufndK;xdyfjzifh axmuf tdkufwifav;jzifh awG;aevdkufao;\/

    ]r&SdvdkYyg[m}pJGNrJu acgif;cg&if; nnf;ajym ajymaomfvnf; &ifNidrf;

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 55

    ]tif; ...ajymygOD;}]eifa&m iga&m wpfckvGJaew,f? trSefu ckvdk aecif;

    aeYv,f ausmif;om;ausmif;olawGa&m? q&mq&mrawGa&m&SdaewJhtcsdef vlawGtrsm;BuD;xJ b,fo&Ju vmrvJ ...aemh...r[kwfbl;vm;}

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    qif;vdkY vlawGtm;vHk; jyefoGm;&if vlvnf;&Sif;NyD; arSmifvnf;enf;enf;arSmifawmhr,f? tukefvHk;rjrif&awmif wpfa,mufwavawmh cyfapmapmxGufNyD; ajcmufcsifajcmufrSm}

    ]tJ'Dawmh eifu nae ausmif;qif;csdef apmifhMunfhr,faygh}

    ]at; ...naepm&dwtcsdefNyD;&if eifrjyefeJYOD;? vl&Sif;

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;56

    atmifapmifhNyD; ighudkvmac:? igygvdkufcJhr,f}]eifu b,fu apmifhrSmvJ}]&SmMunfhaygh[? eifjrifEdkifwJhae&mrSmyJ ig apmifhaerSmaygh?

    'Dausmif;xJuae b,foGm;rSmvJ}at;yg ...at;yg ...tJ'gqdkvnf; NyD;a&m? ig

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    ckusawmh tazmfwpfa,mufyif xyfwdk;vmao;onf/tif; ...oHk;a,mufaygif; avmif;ausmf? ausmif;ay:

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 57

    ]tm;}]a[haumif ...ajymavuGm? aemufwpfcg xyfrSwfNyD

    vm;}]&Trf;}]tm; ...aemufwpfcg xifrSwfygNyD bk&m;}]at; ...wwd,rd oHk;Budrfajrmuf rSwfvdkufOD;uG}]&Trf;}]tm; ...rSwfygNyD bk&m;}]igajymwm 'Dvdkr[kwfbl;uG}]&Trf;}]tm; ...wwd,rd oHk;Budrfajrmuf rSwfygNyD bk&m;}qm;pnfausmif;\vQdKU0Sufcsufrsm;udk azmfxkwf&efBudK;

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    cPMumaomtcg &ifNidrf;tdrfrS rdbrsm;ESifh aZ,stdrfrS

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;58

    rdbrsm; um;wpfpD;pDESifh a&mufvmMu\/

    jzpfyHku onfvdk/yxraeYu tqifrajycJhaom udpudk? 'kwd,aeYwGif

    qufvufaqmif&Guf&eftwGuf reufydkif;rS pJGNrJESifh&ifNidrf; cPqHkonf/

    ]raeYu bmjzpfvdkY rMunfhawmhbl;vdkY pma&;ajymwmvJ&ifNidrf;}

    ]r[kwfbl;[? raeYwkef;u tdrfu apmapmjyefvmzdkYrSm vdkufw,f? tJ'gudk igarhoGm;vdkY}

    ]'DaeYa&m}]'DaeYawmh jzpfw,f? tJ'g ...naeus aocsmayguf

    apmifhaemf}uref;uwef;om awGYvdkuf&onfrdkY aZ,s vdkufvm

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    ypfay;vdkufwJh pmudk olvnf; ab;uae zwfMunfhNyD; awGYoGm;

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 59

    w,f? tJ'g tusdK;taMumif;ar;awmh igu ajymjyvdkufw,f?ajymjyawmh olvnf; Munfhcsifw,f? olvnf; ac:ygqdkwmeJYig ac:vmwm}

    ]eifuvnf;[,f ...bmjzpfvdkY [dkvlonfvl ac:vm&wmvJ? o&Ju vlrsm;&if rajcmufygbl;vdkY ajymxm;&JUom;eJY}

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    buf ausmif;ysufrsm; tdrfomrsm;&Sd&mbufodkY avQmufcJhMu

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;60

    onf/][if}ajymif;vJoGm;aom ywf0ef;usif taetxm;aMumifh

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    ckawmh ausmif;0if;wpf0if;vHk; wdwfqdwfaeNyD; opf&Gufrsm;udk avwdk;oHESifh taumifyavmiftcsdKU\ atmfoHav;rsm;rSty bmoHrS rMum;&awmh/

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    ]0l; ...zvyf ...zvyf}]tarh}][ pJGNrJ& ...vkyfygOD;}

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 61

    bmiSufrSef;rodaom iSufwpfaumifu tem;u jzwfysH&if; awmifyHcwfoHudkvnf; us,fus,favmifavmif jyKoGm;onf/

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    awGYvnf; awGYonf/acG;aoaumifykyfBuD; aoaewm b,favmufMumae

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    ][dkacG;aoaumifykyfuyguGm? rif;wdkYuvnf;}

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;62

    ]aMomf ...[kwfom;yJ}]tif; awmfygao;&JU}aemufxyf cPMumonftxdawmh bmrSxl;xl;jcm;jcm;

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    0ifcsifolu &ifNidrf;/]aeygOD; &ifNidrf;&m? tJ'DxJawmh t&rf;roGm;ygeJY a>ryg;

    uif;yg; awmfMum wpfckckjzpfrSjzifh}pJGNrJu tajrmftjrif BuD;pGmjzifh wm;ao;onf/ odkYaomf

    &ifNidrf;uawmh r&/][m bmrSrjzpfygbl;[? igvnf; 'DtxJudk 0ifMunfhcsif

    aewm MumNyD? roGm;&JvdkY? tck eifvnf;ygwmyJ oGm;r,f[m}]cufaeygNyD? eifuvnf;[m? igygawmhvnf; igu bm

    vkyfwwfrSmvJ? eifhudk ajymaewmu o&JawG wapawGudpr[kwfbl;? atmufuvnf; csHKawGql;awGeJY? 'Dhjyif tE&m,fwpfckck jzpfrSmpdk;vdkY ajymaewm}

    ]MunfhoGm;rSmaygh}&ifNidrf;u ZGwf/pJGNrJu aZ,sbuf vSnfhMunfhonf/ aZ,suawmh ol

    vdkufvmrdcJhonfrSm rSm;NyD[k tBuD;tus,f aemifw&aeonfhyHkpHjzifh ...

    ]roGm;ygeJYuGm? ig rvdkuf&Jbl;}]at; eifrvdkufcsif&if 'DrSmyJ aecJhav? igeJY pJGNrJeJY oGm;

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 63

    r,f}aZ,spum;udk pJGNrJu wpfckckjyefajym&ef jyifwkef;&Sdao;?

    &ifNidrf;u Zdk;Zwfqdk 0ifajymonf/]'Dae&mrSmawmh eifae&JrSmaygh? a,mufsm;av;yJ tJ'Dem;

    rSm &yf&if;eJY tdrfombuf Munfhaeaygh[m? ta&;BuD;wmutv,fu oHk;vHk;wJGtdrfomudk *kpdkufMunfh? o&J&Sdwm tJ'DxJrSm? uJ ...vm pJGNrJ ...oGm;r,f}

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    rqifrjcifESifh olrsm;udp 0ifygrdwm rSm;NyD[k aZ,stBuD;tus,f aemifw&onf/

    ckrS wpfa,mufwnf;vnf; bmvkyf&rSef; rodawmh/tcsdefu tykyfcsdef/ apmapmu tykyfeHYBuD;uvnf; ESmacgif;xJpJGaeao;onf/ onfMum;xJrSm opf&Gufajcmufrsm;udk avwdk;oHu w&Syf&SyfESifh ajcoHawGvdkvdk/ [dkESpfa,mufuvnf; wdkufysufBuD;rsm;xJ 0ifa&mufaysmufuG,foGm;NyD/

    aZ,sAdkufxJu &pfoD&pfoDESifh emovdk jzpfvm\/ qD;

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;64

    uvnf; oGm;csifvmonf/'kuyJ ...[k acR;jyefvm\/ckcsdefusrS wpfa,mufwnf; tdrfomoGm;zdkYuvnf; vefY

    p&maumif;onf/ jyemrS jyem/]tm;}wpfa,mufwnf; toHxGufatmif atmfvdkufrdonf/

    Adkufu ydkemvmonf/ tajctaeu [dkem;onfem; rdk;wdk;rwfwwfyif rjzpfEdkifawmh? tdrfomudk oGm;rS jzpfawmhrnf/

    cufonfu aoaocsmcsm oyfoyf&yf&yf cdkifcdkifcefYcefY&Sdaom tdrfomrsm;qDvnf; roGm;&J/ xdktdrfomrsm;u &ifNidrf;txl;jyKajymoGm;aom oHk;cef;wJGem;rSmcsnfh/

    onfbufem;rSmawmh caemfceJYeJY tdrfomwpfvHk; &Sdao;onf/ ypfxm;onfh tdrfomta[mif;vdk jzpfaeonfh wpfvHk;/onftdrfomuawmh apmapmu tdrfomrsm;ESifh tvSrf;a0;onf/

    rxl;awmh/tJ'DyJ ajy;rnf[k qHk;jzwf xdktdrfom csnfhcsnfheJYeJYav;

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 65

    wpfckESifhwpfck wpfawmifavmuf jcm; cyfwnfwnfusefaeonf/

    xdkqifhwef; ESpfwef;rSm tawmfyHkysufyef;ysuf cGxdkifaZmacR;jyef&if; aqmif&Gufp&m&Sdonfudk uref;uwef; aqmif&Gufonf/

    ]uRd ...0kef; ...0kef; ...0kef;}kwfw&uf acsmufcsm;zG,faumif;aom toHBuD;wpfck

    ay:xGufvmonf/ aZ,s uref;uwef;ESifh tvefYwMum; x&yfNyD; tdrfomatmuf ajy;qif;&ef jyifonf/

    ]tm ...tm ...tm ...tHr,fav;}qifhwef;ay:u ajcaxmuftvGwf aemufajcwpfzuf

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    ][if}tjyifbufrS qlqlnHnHtoHrsm;ESifh aZ,s\atmfoH

    aMumifh pJGNrJa&m &ifNidrf;yg xdwfceJ jzpfoGm;onf/][m ...tjyifrSm aZ,srsm; o&JeJY awGYaeNyDvm; rod

    bl;? vm ...pJGNrJ xGufMunfhMu&atmif}pJGNrJ bmrSrwm;vdkuf rqD;vdkufEdkifrD &ifNidrf;u vSpfceJ

    xGufajy;onf/

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;66

    NyD;awmh ESpfvSrf; oHk;vSrf;xufyif rydkvdkuf ...]tm;}ajy;aeaom &ifNidrf;wpfa,muf acGceJ jzpfoGm;onf/][if ...bmjzpfwmvJ &ifNidrf;}pJGNrJu pdk;&drfwBuD; ajy;oGm;NyD; Munfhonf/]tm;}jrif&aom jrifuGif;u xdwfvefYp&m aumif;vS\/

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    cPMumaomtcg ausmif;rS uy d,BuD;ESif htwl

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 67

    OD;yif;wpfyg;yg a&mufvmawmh\/

    pm&if;csKyfvdkufawmh &ifNidrf;u ajcz0g;rS ykvif;uJG&Saom 'Pf&mtwGuf pkpkaygif;ig;csufavmuf csKyfvdkuf&onf/'gawmif aq;kHa&mufawmh aoG;txGufvGefNyD; ajrmhajrmhom&Sdawmh\/

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    tdrfusawmh zsm;aeaom &ifNidrf;rSty aZ,sa&m pJGNrJygtazrsm;\ ynmay;wHjrufpnf;jzifh aovkajrmyg; tdkufcHvdkufMu&ao;\/

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;68

    ( 8 )

    i,fb0av;awG jyefawG;rdwdkif; ...pJGNrJ&ifxJodkY xdktjzpftysufuav;rsm;u t&ifqHk; wdk;0ifa&muf&Sdvmwwfonf/

    xdktjzpftysufuav;rsm;onf &ifNidrf;ESifh pwif qHkqnf;jcif;twGuf wpfoufvHk; trSwfw&jzpfp&mav; jzpfcJhovdk aemifaomtcg BuHKBudKuf&rnfholESifh &ifNidrf;wdkY\ b0Zmwfvrf;wpfcktwGuf a&SUajy;edrdwfwpfckvnf; jzpfonf[katmufarhonf/

    b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf xdktjzpftysufrsm;aMumifh olwdkYemrnfonf qm;pnfausmif;wpfckvHk; rodol rusefatmif xifay:ausmfMum;oGm;cJhonfawmh trSef/

    pJGNrJrSwfrdoavmuf qm;pnfausmif;wGif wpfavQmufvHk; olwdkYaecJhMuNyD; qm;pnfausmif;\ aemufqHk;ESpftwef;jzpfaom &Spfwef;pmar;yJG ajzcgeD;umvrSmyif xdktjzpftysufudkjyefajymol &Sdaeao;onf/

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 69

    ajymolu q&mOD;ndKwkwf/xdkaeYu q&mOD;ndKwkwfu pJGNrJudk wul;wuyif vSrf;

    ac:&if; ...]a[haumif pJGNrJ ...b,fvdkaeyvJ? pmar;yJGtwGuf

    tawmfav; [efusaeyvm;} ...u tpcsDum *kwpdkufar;onf/

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    odkYaomf q&mhoHa,mZOfu wynfhrsm;tay: b,fawmhrS vGwfxGufroGm;/

    txl;ojzifh pJGNrJwdkYvdk xl;cRefaomwynfhrsm;tay: ydkoHa,mZOfBuD;onf/

    q&mhtar;aMumifh pJGNrJu acgif;ndwfjyNyD; ...]&r,fxifygw,f q&m}

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;70

    ]b,fbmomawG &r,fxifovJ}]ocsFm? odyHeJY jrefrmpmawmh uRefawmf aocsmayguf

    arQmfvifhw,fq&m? t*Fvdyfpmuawmh rajym&Jbl;? yx0DeJY ordkif;ESpfckrSmawmh wpfck0ifatmif vkyf&rSmyJ}

    udk,fhtaetxm;udk,f ,Hk,Hk&J&J ajymaeaom pJGNrJudkMunfh q&mu auseyfpGmNyHK;onf/

    ]at;ayghuGm ...udk,fhtajctaeudk,f trSeftwdkif;oHk;oyfEdkifNyD; wdwdusus BudK;pm;Edkif&if arQmfvifhorQtm;vHk;jzpfvm&rSmaygh? rqdk;ygbl; ...rif;ajzyHkudk ig oabmusygw,f}

    ajym&if;ESifh q&mu &,fonf/]at;av ...qm;pnfausmif;u o&JawGudk rawGU

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    pJGNrJuvnf;&,f&if; ...]q&m ...tukef rSwfrdaewmyJ}]rrSwfrdbJ aervm;uGm ...qm;pnfausmif;rSm Adkvf

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    wpfck&SdcJhw,fuG? tJ'g bmvJqdkawmh ...udk,fhpdwfxJrSm vkyfcsif

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 71

    aewmwpfckudk jzpfatmif vkyfypfvdkufMuwJhpdwfyJ? 'DpdwfrsdK;uvlYb0rSm wefzdk;awmfawmf&Sdw,faemf? wpfckyJ&Sdw,f ...udk,fvkyfcJhwJhtvkyf[m aumif;zdkY rSefzdkYudkvnf; owdxm;? ae&mwdkif;rSm pdwftvdk rvdkufeJY? tJ'Dwkef;uwnf;u rif;wdkYudk ig tJ'Dpum;ajymcsifwm? 'gayr,fh rif;wdkYu i,fao;vdkY igrajymcJhbl;?ckawmh aemufESpfqdk&if rif;wdkYu txufwef;ausmif; ajymif;awmhrSm? 'gaMumifhrdkY rif;wdkYudkvnf; tJ'gav;awmh ajymjzpfatmifajymvdkufOD;r,fqdkNyD; wrifac:awGYwmyJ? igajymwm em;vnfvm;}

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    aqmif&Gufjcif;vnf; jzpfonf/

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;72

    rauG;a&muf &ifNidrf;ESifhawGYNyD; tm;vHk;tqifajyoGm;ygu ESpfa,mufom; q&mudk t&ifqHk; oGm;uefawmh&rnf[kvnf; awG;vdkufrd\/

    ]aeygOD; pJGNrJ ...rif;u bmpdwful;aygufvdkY 'Davmufc&D;ta0;BuD;udk qdkif;rqifh AHkrqifh xxGufvm&wmvJ? enf;enf;yg;yg; tusdK;oifh taMumif;oifhav;a&m ig rod&bl;vm;}

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 73

    onfwpfcgawmh pJGNrJ&,fonf/&,fNyD;rS ...]at;yguGm? igvnf; ightawG;eJYig jzpfoGm;vdkY bmrS

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;74

    [k tpcsDum cyfusOf;usOf; NcHKajymvdkufvQif vHkavmufEdkifyg\/

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    Zmwfvrf;pwifcJhaom tcsdefonfum;/

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 75

    ( 9 )

    ]awmuf ...emw,fuGm? 'DESpf wdkYausmif;udk ajymif;vmwJhtxJrSm tom;em;qHk;u 'Dwpfa,mufyJ ygvdkY 0rf;om&rvm; atmufarhw,f? tJJ'Dwpfa,mufuvnf; &nf;pm;vufudkifBuD;eJY? oGm;NyD ...a&a&vnfvnfaqG;wmyJ}

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    yxrtBudrf Mum;zl;onfqdkvQifawmh &ifNidrf;ESifholYudk&nf&G,fajymonf[k pJGNrJ ...xifrdrnfr[kwf/ ckawmhvnf;'Dpum;rsdK;u Mum;&aygif;rsm;NyD/

    tem;rSm b,folrSr&Sdjcif;uvnf; 'hDjyifvludkajymwmr[kwfaMumif; taxmuftuljyKaeonf/

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;76

    ESpfa,mufom; acgif;iHkY xdkae&mwpf0dkufrS cyfoGufoGufavQmufxGufvmcJh\/

    awmfawmfa0;a0;a&mufrS &ifNidrf;u acgif;iHkY&if; cyfwdk;wdk;avoHjzifh ...

    ]wdkYudk ajymwmr[kwfvm; pJGNrJ}pJGNrJ yifhoufwpfcsufIdufonf/]xifwmyJ &ifNidrf;? eifeJYig twlwloGm;wdkif; 'Dpum;rsdK;

    awG Mum;Mum;ae&w,f? eifvnf; Mum;wmyJ r[kwfvm;}&ifNidrf;u acgif;ndwfonf/pJGNrJu oufjyif;cs ...]'kuyJ[maemf? igwdkYawG qm;pnfausmif;rSm 'DvkdyJ

    wpfavQmufvHk; aevmcJhwm bmrSajymoH rMum;&bl;? 'Dtxu(1) a&mufrS 'grsdK;csnf; tajymcHae&w,f? bmawGrSef;vnf;rodygbl;[m}

    ]bmawGrSef; rodwm r[kwfbl; pJGNrJ? eifeJYiguvnf;t&ifvdk uav;awG r[kwfawmhbl;? 'Dt&G,fa&mufrS 'DvdkqufqHaeawmh vlajymp&mjzpfaewmaygh}

    ][if}pJGNrJu txdwfwvefYjzifh vSrf;Munfhonf/&ifNidrf;uawmh at;at;aq;aq; wnfwnfNidrfNidrfyif

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 77

    ][kwfom;yJ pJGNrJ? &ifNidrf;ajymwmvnf; trSefyJ[m?rif;wkdY igwdkY olwdkYu uav;awGrS r[kwfMuawmhbJ}

    aZ,su &,f&if;ajymonf/ apmapmuwnf;u rausreyf jzpfaeaom pJGNrJ&ifxJodkY a'gotenf;i,f yg0ifvm&if;...

    ]bmqdkifvdkYvJuGm? uav;r[kwfayr,fh vlBuD;awGvnf; jzpfao;wmrS r[kwfbJ? wpfoufvHk; 'DvdkyJ aevmcJhNyD;rS}

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    olu ighudk tJ'Dvdkvkyf&rSmvJ}aZ,su olYudkMunfh &,fjyefonf/]rif;uvnf; pJGNrJ&m ...awmfcsifwJhae&musawmh

    vTwfawmfNyD; nHhcsifwJhae&musawmh vTwfnHhaejyefygNyD? rif;uom i,fao;w,fxifwm? rif;wdkYigwkdY toufawGu q,fhajcmufESpf q,fhckepfESpfxJ 0ifaeNyDuG? 'Dt&G,fu i,fcsif&ifvnf; uav;yJ? BuD;csif&ifvnf; vlBuD;yJ? oabmaygufvm;}

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;78

    ]raygufbl;}]at; ...rif;uawmh b,faygufrvJ? 'gayr,fh aygufwJh

    olawGu aygufukefMuNyDav? &ifNidrf;u 'DESpfausmif;jyefzGifhrSwtm;vSaewm? ydkvnf; jyifqifwwfaewm rif; rodbl;vm;}

    ]ighrsufpdxJrSmawmh 'DvkdygyJuGm}]'DhjyifvlrsufpdxJusawmh 'Dvdkr[kwfawmhbl; pJGNrJ? txl;

    ojzifh ckrS &ifNidrf;udk jrifzl;awGUzl;wJhaumifawG rsufpdxJrSmawmh&ifNidrf;u tysdKyJ? &ifNidrf;vnf; olYudk,fol 'DvdkyJ wGufawmhrSmaygh}

    ]tJ'geJY igeJY bmqdkifvdkYvJ}]qdkifwmayghuG? tysdKqdkawmh vlysdKvdkY olwdkYudk,folwdkY

    xifwJhvlawGu irf;MuNyDaygh? tJ'Dvdkirf;MuwJh yk*dKvfawGxJrSm&ifNidrf;uvnf; wpfa,mufa,mufudk oabmrusbl; b,fajymEdkifrvJ? tJ'DvkdtcsdefrSm rif;u bmr[kwfnmr[kwfeJY tem;rSm tNrJ&Sd&Sdaeawmh tvum;ae&if; ol vmbfydwfw,fxifNyD;rif;udk cGmcdkif;wmjzpfrSmaygh}

    aZ,spum;aMumifh pJGNrJidkifoGm;onf/rjzpfEdkifbl;[k jiif;csifaomfvnf; naeu ausmif;qif;

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    cPMumrS aZ,sbufvSnfh&if; ...]rif; tJ'DvdkyJxifvm; aZ,s}]awG;Munfh&wmyJavuGm}

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 79

    ]at; ...tJ'Dtwdkif; jzpfzdkYrsm;wmawmh trSefyJ? igudk;dk;om;om;yJaewJhaumifqkdawmh kwfw&uf tJvdk b,fawG;rdrvJ? 'gayr,fh rif; tckajymwJhyHkpHeJY awG;Munfhawmh [kwfovdkvdkjzpfaew,f}

    rsufpdxJrSmvnf; ckESpf ausmif;zGifhawmhrSyJ zJjym;a&mifpHkav;awG pnf;pnf;NyD; wpfrsdK;jyKjyifvmaom &ifNidrf;\ qHyifyHkpHudk jrifvmonf/ NyD;awmh cgwdkif;vdk oeyfcg;csnf;oufoufrvdrf;awmhbJ rsufESmav;azG;azG;rIefrIefjzpfatmif b,fvdkvkyfvmrSef;rodonfh &ifNidrf;\rsufESmav;udkvnf; jrifa,mifonf/

    NyD;awmh ab;uae rMum;wMum;pvQif acgif;iHkYiHkYoGm;NidrfNidrfoGm;wwfaom trlt&m/

    NyD;awmh ajymwmqdkwmutp enf;enf;Nidrf0yfvlBuD;qefvmaom &ifNidrf;\ taetxdkif/

    pJGNrJu oufjyif;csvdkuf&if; ...]'gjzifh ausmif;rSm &ifNidrf;udk BudKufaewJhaumifawG &Sd

    aeNyDaygh [kwfvm;}aZ,su [m;wdkuf&,fonf/]wpfodef;avmuf&Sdw,f yk*dKvf? rif;u xlvGef;vdkYom

    rodwm? ausmif;rSm &ifNidrf;udkBudKufNyD; rif;udk dkufcsifaewJhaumifawG wpfyHkBuD; jzpfaew,f? rif; wu,frodbl;vm;}

    ]rodbl;awmh r[kwfbl;ayghuGm? 'gayr,fh 'Dt&G,frSm 'DvdkrsdK; rawG;oifhao;bl;yJ atmufarhwmaygh? olwkdY pwm aemufwmvdkYyJ atmufarhaerdw,f}

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;80

    ]at; ...tckodNyD r[kwfvm;? 'gaMumifh igawmif'Dausmif;a&mufawmh olu odyfra&mbJ cyfwef;wef; vkyfaewmaygh}

    pJGNrJpdwfxJ raumif;ovdk jzpfoGm;onf/ qm;pnfausmif;rSmwkef;u 'Dhjyifoli,fcsif;rsm; trsm;tjym;&Sdaomfvnf;olwdkYoHk;a,mufu cifvnf; ydkcif? pmvnf; ydkawmfMuolrsm;rdkYydkwJGjzpfonf/

    tajctaeawGu onfrQajymif;ukefMuNyDvm;/b0rSm wpfcgrS rjrifzl;aom tjrifrsm; 0ifvmovdk

    r&zl;cJhaom cHpm;rIrsm;vnf; yxrqHk;tBudrftjzpf pwif&vmonf/

    tem;u wrmyifBuD;ay:&Sd pdrf;Ek&Gufopfuav;rsm;udktvefYwMum;ESifh vSrf;Munfhvdkufrd\/

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 81

    tydkif; (2)

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  • ( 1 )

    aer& xkdifr& qdkaom pum;\t"dym,fudk pJGNrJ tckrSwjznf;jznf; oabmaygufvmonf/

    xdk&ufowywfwpfywfvHk;rSm pJGNrJ b,fvdkrS udk,fhudk,fudk,f tom;usatmif aexdkif r&/

    bmtaMumif;awG;awG; tmkHu onfyJ jyefa&mufonf/ b,foGm;oGm; bmvkyfvkyfvnf; pdwfu onfudpxJrSmom &Sdaeonf/

    pm&if;csKyfvdkufwdkif; &ifNidrf;ESifhol a0;aeygvm;qdkaomtodjzifh 0rf;enf;pdwfraumif; jzpfoGm;onf/ udk,fcEmtpdwftydkif;wpfckck yJhusaeovdk? rdrdESifh rcJGrcGm&Sdae&rnfh t&mwpfckckaysmufqHk;aeovdk vyf[maeonf/

    cufonfu tvdktavsmuf taMumif;udpwpfckckjzifhcJGcGmae&jcif;rsdK; r[kwfbJ wrifruJGatmif vkyfxm;&ovdk jzpfaerSef; odaejcif;u qdk;onf/

    onf&ufydkif;twGif;rSm &ifNidrf;ESifhtwl pum;wpfcGef;

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;84

    yif rajymbJ a&SmifaecJhonf/ cgwdkif; ausmif;qif;csdef twlwljyefaeusudpudkvnf; &yfqdkif;xm;vdkufonf/

    yxrydkif;rSmawmh &ifNidrf;u bmrSrodbJ cgwdkif;vkdyifac:ajymqufqH&ef vkyfao;onf/ aemufydkif;rSm pJGNrJwrifa&SmifaerSef; odoGm;vm; rajymwwf? oluvnf; bmodbmomESifhrodusdK;uRHawG jyefvkyfvmonf/

    pJGNrJwpfa,muf tvl;tvJcHae&\/ pdwfxJrSm tvdkvdktm;i,fndK;EGrf;rIuvnf; wpfcgrS rBuHKpzl;atmif cHpm;ae&onf/

    ]pJGNrJ ...eifeJY&ifNidrf; bmjzpfaewmvJ? &efjzpfxm;vdkYvm;? 'grSr[kwf &ifNidrf;u pdwfaumufaevdkYvm;}

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    wevFmaeYu aomMumaeYtxd ausmif;zGifh&ufwpfywfvHk;vHk; onftwdkif; ukefvGefoGm;cJhonf/ pae? we*FaEGausmif;ydwf&ufusawmh wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf awGYyifrawGY&awmh/

    aemufqHk;awmh avmuBuD;rSm &ifNidrf;om r&SdvQif

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 85

    bmrS t"dym,f r&Sdawmhovdkyif jzpfaeygvm;[k r0Hhr&J awG;vm&awmh\/

    ]pJGNrJ}][if}trSwfwrJhrdkY pJGNrJwpfudk,fvHk; wkefoGm;onf txdyif

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    pJGNrJ pdwfudk tawmfNidrfatmif xdef;vdkufNyD;rS ...]bmvJ &ifNidrf;}

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;86

    ]vm ...igeJY tckvdkufcJh}]bmvkyfrvdkYvJ}]vQmr&Snfprf;eJY[m? vdkufqdk&if vdkufcJhprf;? tydkawG

    avQmufar;aewm igodyfrkef;w,f}a&mf ...tom;vGwfuawmh tom;vGwfBuD;yif jzpf

    onf/ odkYaomf b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,mufpMum0VmwpfckpD a0;ae&ovdk jzpfaeonfhcdkuf ckvdk awhawhqdkifqdkifav; jyefqHkpnf;&ojzifh 0rf;omovdkawmh jzpfoGm;onf/

    &ifNidrf;uawmh pJGNrJ uwkefu,ifjzpfaejcif;udkyif pdwf&Snf[efrwl/ pm;yJGudkvufjzifh wpfcsufykwf&if; ...

    ]igajymwm Mum;w,fr[kwfvm; pJGNrJ? igac:aewmvdkufrvm; rvdkufbl;vm; 'gyJajym}

    ]igu b,fvdkuf&rSmvJ}]b,fjzpfjzpf vdkufqdkvdkufcJh}ajymajymqdkqdkESifh csmceJ vSnfhxGufonf/pJGNrJ tMumBuD; Nidrfae r&awmh/ ckcsdefMurSawmh bmyJ

    jzpf&jzpf& olac:wm vdkufoGm;wm taumif;qHk;[k oabmaygufojzifh ajcvSrf; oHk;av;vSrf;pm a0;aeNyDjzpfaom &ifNidrf;aemufodkY aumufaumufygatmif xvdkufcJhonf/

    ][D ...[D}avSmifovdkvdkESifh rcdk;rcefY&,fvdkufaom toHaMumifh

    vSnfhMunfhvdkufonf/rdk;rdk;/

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 87

    rdk;rdk;u olYudk NyHK;pdpd? pyfNzJNzJ? avSmifawmifawmifrsufESmay;jzifh Munfhaeonfudk awGUvdkuf&\/

    ]tJ'gu bmtcsdK; csdK;aewmvJ pJGNrJ? eifu bmoabmvJ}

    jyefawG;&if;ESifh &,fp&maumif;wmwpfckudk oGm;owd&onf/ olESifh &ifNidrf; udprsm;wGif tdrfomonf tb,faMumifhrMumcPqdkovdk ta&;yg t&ma&mufaomae&mwpfck jzpfvm&onfqdkonfudk pOf;pm;r&/ pqHkcJhwkef;uvnf; tdrfomudpESifhyif ywfoufcJhonf/

    ckvnf; &ifNidrf; rma&ausma&ajymqdkNyD;aemuf ac:p&m&Sm;onfhtvm; tdrfombuf ac:xkwfvmonf/ vl cyf&Sif;&Sif;?tdrfomESifh reD;ra0;a&mufrS bmrSpum;csD;yif cHraeawmhbJwdkufdkuf[pf xcsJawmhonf/

    pJGNrJu rxHkwwfaw;vkyfvsuf ...]igu bmtcsdK;csdK;aevdkYvJ&ifNidrf;? igu bmjzpfaevdkYvJ}]tHr,f ...tckrS rodcsifa,mifaqmifraeeJY pJGNrJ?

    NyD;cJhwJh wpfywfvHk;vHk; eif bmudp ighudk a&SmifaewmvJ? bmvJeifu igeJY taygif;toif;rvkyfcsifawmhvdkYvm; ..&Sif;&Sif;ajym}

    ]bmqdkifvdkYvJ? 'Dudpu ighaMumifh jzpfvmwmrS r[kwfwm? ighvmar;vdkY igu bmajymwwfrSmvJ}

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;88

    ]'gjzifh b,folYaMumifh jzpfvmwJh udpvJ}]eifhaMumifh}]bm ...ighaMumifh [kwfvm;}][kwfw,fav? eifajymcJhwJh pum;twdkif; igu ae

    wmyJ}]ig b,fwkef;u bmajymvdkYvJ}&ifNidrf; Za0Z0g jzpfoGm;onf/ olY[molvnf; uref;

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    &ifNidrf;? eifeJYigu t&ifvdk uav;awG r[kwfawmhbl;? 'Dt&G,fa&mufrS 'DvdkqufqHaeawmh vlajymp&mawG jzpfaewmayghqdk?q,fwef;uaumifawG 0dkif;aemufawmh ajymwmav}

    ]tJ'g bmjzpfvJ}]aMomf ...tJvdkqdkawmh igu eifeJYt&ifvdk qufqHae

    awmh aumif;awmhrvm;? ighaMumifhyJ eifu vlajymcHae&ovdkjzpfaeawmh eifhem;rSm igr&Sd&if eif tajymrcH&awmhbl;qdkNyD; iga&Smifae&wmaygh}

    ][m ...bmqdkifvdkYvJ[m? igajymwm 'Dt"dym,frSr[kwfbJ}

    ]'gjzifh bmt"dym,fvJ? eifhudk vdkufaewJhaumifawGutxifvJGrSmaMumufvdkYqdkwJh t"dym,fvm;}

    &ifNidrf;rsufESm wif;ceJ jzpfoGm;onf/

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 89

    ]eif bmpum;ajymwmvJ pJGNrJ? igu bmudp tJ'DaumifawG txifvGJrSm aMumuf&rSmvJ? tJ'DaumifawGudk igu wpfpufrS *kpdkufwm r[kwfbl;? olwdkY[molwdkY txifvJGkHruvdkY ay;pm;yJaeae? igu ta&;pdkuf&rSmvm;}

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    wmaygh[? olwdkYu eifeJYigeJY dk;dk;cifaewmudk &nf;pm;vdkY atmufarhaewmudk;}

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    ]bmrS rqdkifbl; &ifNidrf;? ighrSm 'grsdK; r&Sdbl;}]at; ...'DvdkyJ ighrSmvnf; 'grsdK;r&Sdbl; pJGNrJ}csufcsif;jyefyufvdkufaom &ifNidrf;pum;aMumifh pJGNrJu

    &,fonf/ NyD;rS rsufESmydk;owf ...]at;av tJ'gqdkvnf; NyD;a&maygh? igawG;wm rSm;oGm;

    wJhtwGuf igawmif;yefygw,f? tJ'DaeYu eif tJvdkajymvdkufawmh ig t&rf;pdwfraumif;jzpfoGm;w,f &ifNidrf;? eif ighudk rcifapcsifawmhbl;vm; rodbl;qdkNyD; ig t&rf;0rf;enf;oGm;w,f?tJ'gaMumifh ig tJhvdkaevdkufwm}

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;90

    &ifNidrf;u rsufapmif;xdk;onf/]eif tydkawG odyfvkyfw,f pJGNrJ? eif tJ'Dwkef;u raus

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 91

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;92

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 93

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;94

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  • vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif;vGrf;avunif; 95

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  • EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;EGrf *sm odkif;96

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