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bfªsf rlr{t g] tf u0f] z s'df/ zdf{ / pxfFsf efO{ s] zj s'df/ zdf{ bfª agx/ L 3/ eP klg k9\g] p2] Zon] cfˆgf] dfjnL au{bL ufpFdf a;] / k9\g'x'GYof] . @))$ ;fndf plxn] sf] kb\df] bo klAns :s'n clxn] sf] kb\df] bo ax'p2] ZoLo klSns :s'nsf] :yfkgf ePkl5 d klg ToxL+sf] ;+:s[ttkm{sf] ljBfyL{ lyPF . s] zjs'df/ n] s] ;f] r] / xf] s'lGg dnfO{ Pp6f ;fgf] n] v n] lvlbP/ jflif{sf] T;jdf ;'gfpg an ug'{eof] . d} n] klg x'G5 eg] / cfF6 u/ ] + .

cfsf/ df ;fgf] cfjfhdf 6f7f] dnfO{ Tof] n] v ;'gfPkl5 sltn] :ofaf; eg] / ydydfP, sltn] lgs} a] / x] l/ / x] . Tolta] nf uf] i7Ldf p7] / af] Ng ;Sg' klg gf} nf] s'/ f lyof] / 7"nf] s'/ f klg . Tof] k|] / 0ff kfPkl5 d cfkm} n] v] / ;'gfpg ;'l/ g yfn] + . dnfO{ n] v jf uB ;'gfpgeGbf sljtf ;'gfpg dg nfUYof] . p7] / ;'gfpg nfUbf z/ L/ yy{/ fpFYof] . t/ klg no xfn] / ;'gfpg'df lgs} cfgGbsf] cg'ej x'GYof] .

csf] { ;fn jflif{sf] T;jdf cledGo" gfdsf] gf6s d~rg ug] { s'/ f cfP5 . ch'{gsf] kf7 c+u|] hL lzIfs k|ofugf/ fo0f ld>n] , lzIfs u0f] z s'df/ zdf{n] b|f] 0ffrfo{sf] , lzIfs k|] dlglwn] o'lwli7/ sf] / o:t} cGo lzIfsx?n] Ps Ps kfqx?sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/ ] sf lyP . ljBfyL{x? w] / } x'Fbf 5gf] 6sf] ;d:of k/ ] 5 . 5gf] 6df Ps/ fh zdf{, d / 6Lsfaxfb'/ k/ ] 5f} + . Ps/ fhhLn] >Ls[i0fsf] , d} n] cledGo"sf] / 6Lsfaxfb'/ n] pQ/ fsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{eof] .

cfhsf o'jfo'jtLx?nfO{ cfZro{ nfUnf . To;a] nf gf/ L kfq kfpg} c;Dej . pQ/ fsf] kf7 lng] n] k'?if kfq cledGo"nfO{ klt eg] / ;Daf] wg ug'{kg] { . To;f] ug'{ tTsfnLg :yfgLo ;Eo ;dfhnfO{ ckr x'g] . To;} n] k'?ifn] gf/ L kfqsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{k/ ] sf] lyof] . lgs} nfdf] tof/ L;fy gf6s z'? x'g nfUbfnfUb} k] 6«f] d] S; k6\s] / v/ sf] 5fgf] ePsf] ljBfno ejgd} cfuf] nfUof] . Ps hgfsf] d[To' eof] . b'O{÷rf/ hgf ;fdfGo 3fOt] eP .

To;kfln / +udf e+u eP klg gf6s v] Ng] k|rng eg] rln/ Xof] . hxfF;Dd dnfO{ ;Demgf 5– bfªsf ljleGg ljBfnox?df cf7÷bz k6s cledGo"sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/ ] + . o;/ L slj uf] i7L ug] { / gf6s d~rg ug] { qmdsf] k|f/ De e/ tk'/ :s'naf6} bfªdf z'? ePsf] xf] . z} lIfs hfu/ 0fsf] lx;fan] 3f] / fxLsf] e/ tk'/ ljBfno, xfk'/ sf] lahf} / L ljBfno, klZrdsf] hgtf ljBfno lahf} / L To;kl5 ef] hk'/ ljBfno lzIff / ;flxTosf s] Gb|h:t} aGg k'u] .

;flxlTos ultljlw a9\b} uPkl5 qmdzM ;flxlTos k|sfzg klg x'g yfNg' :jfefljs eof] . @)!# ;fndf uf] / vk'/ af6 tf] ogfy lwtfn, hLj/ fh lwtfn, ?b|dl0f lwtfn / gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{ ;d] t / x] sf] ;Dkfbs d08nn] ljKnj klqsf k|sfzg u¥of] . @)!$ ;fnb] lv bfª / Ko"7fgsf ljBfyL{x? h'6] / ;Gb] z klqsfsf] k|sfzg eof] . To;df Ps/ fh zdf{, >Ls[i0f klys, zflns/ fd e08f/ Lx?n] cu|0fL e"ldsf v] Ng'eof] .

e/ tk'/ ljBfnon] )!% df Hof] T:gf klqsf k|sfzg u¥of] . o;} u/ L Ko"7fg, ;Nofg / ?s'daf6 ljBfno:t/ df klg ;flxlTos k|sfzgsf] sfd x'Fb} uof] . lhNnf :t/ df ;flxlTos ultljlwsf] lg/ Gt/ tf / Xof] . ;don] 5nfª dfb} { uof] . @)@@ ;fnsf] c;f/ dlxgfdf e/ tk'/ ljBfnod} c~rn:t/ Lo a[xt ;flxTo ;Dd] ng eof] . d] / f] ;Demgf eP;Dd tLg lbgeGbf a9L rNof] .

k|l;4 slj, syfsf/ eLdlglw ltjf/ L k|d'v cltly eP/ ;Dd] ngsf] eJotf a9fOlbg'eof] . ltjf/ LhLåf/ f lnlvt ;xgzLnf ;'zLnf gfdsf] gf6s d~rg eof] . jfbljjfb k|ltof] lutf / cGo ljljw sfo{qmd;fy Tof] ;df/ f] x ;DkGg eof] . tTsfnLg ;flxTosf/ Pjd\ a'l4hLjLx?sf] hd36 cfsif{s / k|] / 0ffbfoL / Xof] h:t} nfU5 .

@)@@ ;fn c;f/ sf] 8fo/ Ldf olQ dfq

n] Vg ;s] 5' . …c~rn:t/ Lo ;flxTo ;Dd] ng ug] { lg0f{ocg';f/ To;sf] ;'k|aGwdf ;xof] u k'¥ofpg d cfhb] lv xf] :6] ndf cfO a;] sf] 5' . Ko"7fgsf v'kL/ fd ljBfyL{sf] 8] / fdf 5' . dnfO{ ljlrq gofF ;'vb cg'ej eO/ x] 5 . oxfF To;} k|ltef km'/ ] sf] h:tf] nflu/ x] 5 . To;df ;xefuL x'g] ;a} sf] To:t} cg'ej lyof] . t/ oxfF To;a] nf;Dd kqklqsf g ePsf] n] ;a} s'/ f dg} df cfP, dg} df lanfP .

d} n] @))( ;fnb] lv 8fo/ L n] Vg yfn] sf] / x] 5' . clwsf+z To:tf b} lgsL d;Fu ;'/ lIft 5g\ . ;fob d d/ ] kl5 tL klg ;fy} dg] { x'g\ lsgls b} lgsLsf] dxTj ga'em] / / 9ª\u gk'u] / n] lvPsf tL b} lgsL slt t cIf/ } a'lemb} gg\ . a'lemg] klg a8f] ;6{s6 z} nLsf 5g\ . cufl8 k|:t't gd"gf cfkm} af] ln/ x] 5 . of] ljifo t cln la:tf/ df n] lvg'kYof] { .

lzIff, ;flxTo, / fhgLlt / ;dfh ;'wf/ df nfUbfnfUb} 8/ nfUbf cf/ f] x cj/ f] x kf/ ug'{k¥of] . @)@@ ;fn r} q !) ut] sf] 8fo/ Ldf stfaf6 clnslt a'l4 km'/ ] 5 . lrtf} gsf] b] zJofkL ;flxTo ;Dd] ngdf efu lng uPsf] k|;+u 5 . To;df Ps/ fh zdf{, hLj/ fh lwtfn / dnfO{ c~rnfwLzdfkm{t\ lgDtf] cfPsf] / x] 5 . Ps/ fhhL sfd ljz] ifn] hfg'ePg . hLj/ fh lwtfn o;f] b] lvg' dfq eof] . d / sdn uf} td sf] Onfaf; x'Fb} ef/ tsf] uf] / vk'/ jL/ u~h eP/ lrtjgsf] / fdk'/ k'Uof} + . xfdL b'a} hgf k"/ } ;xefuL aGof} + .

/ fhf dx] Gb|n] pb\3f6g u/ ] sf] ;df/ f] xsf] eJotf gx'g] s'/ } ePg . of] uL g/ xl/ gfy ljz] if cltly x'g'x'GYof] . To;a] nfsf lzIffdGqL s] bf/ dfg Jolyt lgs} ;lqmo b] lvg'x'GYof] . Tof] eL8df klxnf] k6s efu lnPsf] d} n] afns[i0f ;dnfO{ b] v] + . h'g;'s} a] nfdf klg zfGt / uDeL/ d'b|fdf pxfFnfO{ kfPF . efiffljb\ dxfgGb ;fksf] 6f g] kfnL efiffaf/ ] uDeL/ s'/ f p7fP/ ;dhLsf] / fo lng vf] h] sf] dnfO{ a8f] cfgGb nfUof] .

uf] ljGb e§ / uf] ljGbk|;fb nf] xgL;Fu klxnf] kl/ ro eof] . nf] xgLsf] of] xf] ;f] leot ?; k9] / k|efljt ePsf] d ToxfF klg k|efjdf k/ ] + . s:tf] k¥of] eg] sljtf ;dfnf] rgfsf] a} 7sdf d} n] cfcf] :jf:gL ;f6f;f6 u/ f} + eGg] sljtfsf] s7f] / cfnf] rgf u/ ] kl5 åfl/ sf >] i7 gfd u/ ] sf sljn] d] / f] lj?4 cfuf] cf] sn] . To;a] nf dnfO{ arfP uf] ljGbk|;fb nf] xgLn] . d df k|ultjfbL ;flxTosf] k|efj k/ ] / xf] ls :jefj} n] xf] , dnfO{ ;flxTodf 5f8fjfb k6Ss} dg gkg] { d ToxfFsf] 5'rf] x'g k'u] + . kl5 w] / } n] dnfO{ :ofaf;L klg lbP .

;dfkgsf] / f} gs ljz] if sfnsf] lyof] . w'n] af6f] df / l;og hLkdf w'nfDo eP/ / fdk'/ af6 b] j3f6 k'Uof} + . b'O{ gbLsf] ;+ud:yndf 8'ª\ufdf ;hfPsf] slj ;df/ f] xdf / fhf dx] Gb|n] / fhsLo z} nLdf 306f} +;Dd sljtf ;'g] . y'k|} sljtf jfrg eP . h+undf d+unh:t} gbLjfl/ sf] h+undf eJo ef] hsf] Joj:yf lyof] . klxnf] Tof] zfg ;f} stdf rn] sf] ;flxTo ;df/ f] xsf] p2] Zo ;flxTodf k~rfotLs/ 0f ga'lemg] s'/ } ePg .

olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg 5nkmnsf ljifo dxTjk"0f{ / x] h:tf] nfUof] . h;df !_ cg'jfbsf] dxTj, @_ ;flxTosf/ sf] bfloTj, #_ n] vsx?sf] ;d:of / ;dfwfg, $_ g] kfnL ;flxTosf] wf/ f, k|j[lQ / Oltxf;, %_ ljZj zflGt / n] vs, ^_ ;dfhdf k~rfotsf] k|efj / ;flxTo lgdf{0f . ToxfF ljleGg k|:tfjx? kfl/ t eP . tLdWo] dnfO{ lgs} uxlsnf] nfu] sf] Pp6f k|:tfj lyof] – leotgfdL hgtfsf] d'lQm cfGbf] ngsf] ;dy{g .

;do laTb} uof] . xfdLn] bfªdf @)#$ ;fndf / fKtL ;flxTo kl/ ifb\sf] u7g u¥of} + . sfo{qmdx? lgoldt ?kdf x'g nfu] . k6s–k6s k~rfotL k|zf;gn] xfd|f] ;flxlTos 8fsf] k6Ss} ;x] g . w] / } nfO{ b'Mv} lbof] . t/ xfdL klg leqleq} un] gf} + . k"j{, klZrd, b] pv'/ L ;a} lt/ ;flxlTos sfo{qmd rnfof} + . cGtWj{lg Psk6s lg:s] / aGb eP klg o'uaf] w, o'ur] tgf, qmdzM hog] kfn, b[li6sf] 0fh:tf klqsf klg b] lvg yfn] .

To;sf] Ps b'O{ jif{kl5 xf] ls Û -ldlt ;Demgfdf cfPg_ / fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgn] ;flxlTos uf] i7Ldf efu lng bfªnfO{ klg lgDtf] lbof] . To;df d / 7fs'/ k|;fb cfrfo{ k|1f k|lti7fgdf k'Uof} + . b] zJofkL Tof] uf] i7Ldf bfªsf] ;flxlTos 5f] 6f] Oltxf; k|:t't dfq ePg jfrg} ul/ of] . Tof] lrtjgdf h:tf] ;+oldt lyPg . t/ 5nkmn lgs} lgs} / fd|f] / Xof] . Tof] l/ kf] 6{ o'uaf] wdf ;d] t k|sflzt eO;s] sf] 5 .

–cIf/ wfd au{bL, bfª

gf/fo0fk|;fb zdf{

h'g lbg Tof] p;nfO{ 5f] 8\g] lg0f{o u/ ] +, ToxL+ / ft p;sf] 3/ n] lbPsf n'uf, uxgf p;s} 3/ df 5fl8lbPF . ;fgf] ´f] nfdf d] / f ;fdfg Kofs u/ ] / lgl:sPF ;w} +sf nflu p;sf] 3/ clg p;sf] gfdaf6 .

hGd3/ ;w} + r] nLsf nflu v'Nnf x'G5 eGg] ;'g] sL lyPF, cfh cfkm\g} hLjgdf k|of] u ul/ / x] 5' d} n] .

;do t slt g} laTof] / Vj} + < pd] / n] hjfgL s6] sf] 5} g . t/ , d] / f] lhGbuLsf] syfn] eg] y'k|} df] 8x? kf/ ul/ ;s] sf] 5– ;fob aiff} {+ jif{;Dd .

***

d cfdfsf] k] 6d} lyPF, 5f] / f lyPF of 5f] / L– Tof] s;} nfO{ yfxf lyPg . d cfdfsf] k] 6df rNbf cfdf v';Ln] d} n] lbPsf] kL8f e'n] / d':s'/ fpFlyg\ . afn] cfdfsf] k] 6df ;'D;'DofpFb} dnfO{ r'd] sf] d} n] yfxf kfpFy] + .

Pp6L lbbL / Pp6f bfO kl5 cfdfsf] k] 6df a:g] kfnf] d] / f] cfPsf] lyof] . 3/ df 5f] / Lsf] sld lyPg . t/ klg d] / f afnfO{ d 5f] / L g} hlGdg'k5{ eGg] k|fy{gf lyof] . cfdfnfO{ eg] 5f] / f5f] / L b'a} a/ fa/ L h:tf] / ] . lbgel/ sf] b'Mv afn] cfdfsf] k] 6dfkm{t\ dnfO{ d';fb} { / r'Db} df e'Ny] eg] cfdfn] lbge/ d] / f] cg'xf/ slNkb} df / 5f] / f eP of] gfd clg 5f] / L eP of] gfd / fVg] sNkgf ub} { latfpFlyg\ / ] .

xf] , kL8f t lyof] lg cfdfnfO{ d k] 6df x'Fbf . t/ Tof] kL8fnfO{ cfdfn] v'zLsf] ?kdf lng'ePsf] lyof] . To;} n] t d k] 6df x'Fbf cfdf ;w} + xFl;nL b] lvg'x'GYof] / ] . kl5;Dd ufpFn] / l5d] sLx? To;} eGy] . …dfOnL k] 6df x'Fbf o;nfO{ slxn] b'MvL b] v] gf} +, ;w} + xFl;nL, v'lznL b] lvGyL .Ú

bfbf / lbbLdf r} + dtleGgtf lyof] / ] . bfbfn] ca d] / f] alxgL hlGdG5] eGb} v'zL x'GYof] / ] clg lbbL r} + r'k nfu\ b] v] ;\ cfdfn] efO g} kfpFl5g\ eGb} ´u8} ug{ tlD;GyL / ] . dfdf 3/ df d] / f nflu ef] 6L l;nfOb} lyof] / ] . km'k' 3/ df d] / f] cfFvfdf nufpg] ufhn tof/ ul/ b} lyof] / ] . af ufpFel/ 8'n] / nf] sn efn] vf] Hb} lsGb} clg 3/ 8f] sf] n] y'g] / ;+ufNb} lyP . d hGd] sf] xKtf lbg;Dd cfdfnfO{ nf] sn efn] sf] ´f] n / eft vfg lbg] rngcg';f/ afn] ;Sof hlt efn] 3/ leqfpFb} x'g'x'G5 .

cfdfnfO{ Aoyfn] RofKof] / ] . of] egfO{ aflx/ u'Gu'gfpFb} lyP dfG5] x? . ;/ n efiffdf eGbf d aflx/ cfpFb} lyPF . gf} dlxgf P3f/ lbg;Dd cfdfsf] k] 6df a;] / cfh d hGdb} lyPF . kfgL kFw] / f] af6 ;ls–g;sL 3/ ;Dd cfOk'u] sL d] / L cfdf cfFugd} uNof{Dd 9lng\ . bfbf / lbbL ?Fb} ufpFn] nfO{ af] nfpg uP . af Hjfgf] lsGg ahf/ ufÚsf] cfpg' efÚsf] lyPg . t'?Gt} ufpFn] x? hDdf eP . cfdfnfO{ 3/ leq nu] . cfdf a] xf;Ld} ?Fb} an u/ ] / dnfO{ of] wtL{df kfOnf 6] sfpg' eof] . d klg ?Fb} of] wtL{df kfOnf 6] s] + .

ufpFn] gftf kg] { xNbf/ gL km'k} n] dnfO{ h'?Ss prflng\ . aflx/ af cfOk'u] sf] ;'Osf] ;a} n] kfP . cfdfn] cfFvf vf] lng\ . alxgL hGdL eGb} s/ fpFb} bfbf ufpF k:of] . lbbLn] dnfO{ 6'n'6'n' x] l/ / xL, d / f] O/ x] + .

kw] gL{ af] On] afsf] d'v} el/ cla/ nufOlbOg\ . ;a} n] slt / fd|L gfgL eGb} d] / f]

?ksf] k|z+;f u/ ] . af km] l/ cg'xf/ / ft} u/ fP/ ahf/ s'b\g' ef] . cfpFbf tLg rf/ ks] 6 ld7fO{ lyP . ;a} nfO{ ld7fO{ v'jfP/ afn] labfO u/ ] . d hGd] kl5 vfFrf] kg{ ;S5 eg] / afn] a} +sdf / fv] sf] k} ;f lgsfn] / ug'{kg] { sd{ ug'{ ef] . afx'gnfO{ lbg] bfg blIf0ffb] lv vfgkfgdf s'g} sGh';L gu/ L d] / f] Gjf/ fg ef] . gfd / flvof] h'nL . cfdfsf] gfd h'gs'df/ L / afsf] gfd lnnf/ fdnfO{ hf] 8] / gfd lgl:sof] h'nL .

h'nL ;a} sf] Kof/ L lyO{ . af / cfdfsf] t s'/ } 5f8f} +, efO hlGdg] cfzf u/ ] sL lbbL klg Tolt g} v'zL lyO, hlt alxgL kfpFbf bfbf lyof] . ;a} sf] dfofn] cln lalu|PF ;fob . dnfO{ s;} n] g/ fd|f] eGg ;Sb} gYof] . s;} n] g/ fd|f] eGof] ls / f] OlbGy] + clg af / cfdfn] dnfO{ kmsfpFb} To;nfO{ ufnL ug'{x'GYof] , h;n] dnfO{ ?jfPsf] x'GYof] . 3/ kl/ jf/ clg ufpF ;dfhsf] olt dfof kfPF ls Tolt dfof ;fob c? 5f] / Ln] kfpFb} gg\ .

***;do laTg s] a] / nfUbf] / x] 5 / < cfdfsf]

k] 6leq v] n] sf] lxhf] h:t} nfU5 . t/ cfh d ´f] nf af] s] / :s'n hfg] e} ;s] + . ;/ sf/ L :s'ndf k9\g / k9fpg wf} –wf} kg] { hdfgfdf d] / f afn] dnfO{ lghL :s'ndf egf{ ug'{ ef] . d 6fO clg 8«] ;df ;lhP/ :s'n hfg yfn] + . …d] / f afa} Û slt ;'xfsf] h'nLnfO{ of] 8«] ; .Ú dnfO{ b] Vg] ;a} n] lha|f] 6f] Sb} oxL eGy] . ;fob ;'xfpFYof] klg xf] nf .

Snf;df ;a} eGbf ;fgL lyPF t/ ;a} eGbf lbdfu ePsf] ljBfyL{df ulgGy] + . ;/ n] Psk6s k9fPsf] s'/ f csf] { k6s d} n] slxn] ;f] lwgF, lbdfun] 6Kk l6KYof] . dnfO{ ofb 5– slxn] bf] ;|f] x'g'k/ ] g . o:tf lbg lyP ls :s'ndf d] / f] gfs a9] / c?nfO{ 8fxf x'GYof] clg ufpF3/ df afcfdfsf] gfs a9] / a} / LnfO{ kL8f . k9fOsf] k|ultkydf o;/ L nlDsP ls …cu|ufdL 5nfªÚ d] / } hLjgdf d] n vfGYof] . Pskl5 csf] { k|ultsf] 5nfª dfb} { uPF . d] / f] k|ultdf / dfpg] x? klg lyP, hf] ;w} + dnfO{ cflzif lbP/ lx8\y] .

la:tf/ } lbgx? laTb} uP . aRrLaf6 aflnsf ag] , aflnsfaf6 o'jtL . cfFvf ts] {/ lx8\g] / Psf] xf] / f] x] l/ / xg] a} +zfn' s] 6fx?n] ;tfpg yfn] . ;dfh} To:t} lyof] – cfkm} ar] / lx8\g'kg] { lbgsf] ;fdgf ug'{kg] { eof] . ltdL lagf afFRg ;lSbgF / ltdLnfO{ dg k/ fpF5' eGg] Dof;] h / va/ x? lbgx"F cfpg yfn] . t/ dnfO{ s'g} dtna lyPg . dfoflk/ tL eGg] km";{b x'g] n] 6fOdkf; ug] { dfWod xf] eGg] cy{ nufpFy] d . t/ dgdf s'/ f v] Nbf] / x] 5 eGg] s'/ f gf} Snf;df k9\bf rfn kfPF .

dfof lk/ tLsf] v] ndf gkm:g] s;d vfPsL d cflv/ df Ps hgfnfO{ dgdg} dg k/ fpg yfn] 5' . bzf} + k|kf] hnfO{ gsfb} { cfPsL d p;sf] Ps Ozf/ fd} cfkm"nfO{ p;sf] hLjg;fyL ;f] Rg yfn] 5' . klxnf] k|kf] h p;n] u/ ] sf] lyof] t/ p;n] eGbf w] / } dfof d} n] g} uy] {+ ;fob . k9fOdf hu alnof] lyof] To;} n] k9fO lau|g lbOgF t/ dg k"0f{?kdf pm k|lt s] lGb|t lyof] . dfgf} + d pm lagf afFRg ;lSbgF . afFr] 5' eg] klg kfun;/ L .

d p;sf] x/ ] s s'/ faf6 k|efljt lyPF . p ;Fusf x/ ] s kn d] / f nflu ;'vb x'Gy] clg 5'l§g' kbf{ b'vb . xfd|f] rSs/ rn] sf] Ps

aif{;Dd nhfn' dfoflk/ tLd} ;Lldt eof] . dgn] Ps} l5g g5'l§g] eg] / k|] ;/ lbGYof] t/ bz sIffsf] k9fOsf] r6f/ f] n] eg] hlt xfdL e] 6\g ;s] gf} + . dgnfO{ ?jfP/ eP klg rfx] hlt e] 6] gf} + . P;Pn;Lsf] tof/ Ldf nfu] + d . xfd|f] hft / pd] / ldNg] ePsf] sf/ 0fn] xf] nf 3/ df afaf dfd' klg xfd|f] ;DaGwb] lv v'zL g} x'g'x'GYof] . To;} n] klg xfdLnfO{ e] 6\g, 3'Dg vf;} ufx|f] lyPg . t/ k/ LIffsf] ;do x'gfn] xfdL cfkm} ;hu eof} + . km";{bsf] ;dodf xfdL 306f} + kmf] gdf ukm ub{Yof} + . xhf/ f} + Dof;] h cfbfg–k|bfg x'Gy] . xfdL v'zL lyof} + .

k9fOdf sdhf] / lyOgF . To;} n] ;f] r] h:t} gDa/ NofP/ kf; ePF . b'O{ aif{sf] xfd|f] ckm] o/ nfO{ lajfxdf kl/ 0ft ug] { p;sf] ;f] +r s] xL ;do eGb} 6f/ ] + . ev{/ sn] h egf{ ePsf] 5', cfFvfdf ;kgfx? 5g\ . afaf dfd' clg k"/ } kl/ jf/ sf] cfzf d dfly 5 . To;} n] olt l5§} lax] u/ ] / km:g] of] hgf lyPg . t/ dfof clt g} lyof] / slxn] sfxL+ t p7] / p;s} 3/ df u} hfp h:tf] klg gefÚsf] xf] Og .

d] / f xhf/ f} + ;kgf / p;sf nfvf} + cfZjf;gnfO{ dgdf v] nfpb} uPF . cflv/ df Pslbg p;sf] 3/ df hfg} kg] { lglZrt lyof] . l9nf u/ ] / t8\lkg'eGbf p;sf] 3/ df 8] / f ;fg'{ plrt b] Vg yfn] + . clg Pslbg ;'6'Ss efu] +– p;sf] kl5–kl5 .

***lxhf] ;Dd s;} sL 5f] / L lyPF, cfh s;} sL

a'xf/ L ag] + . s;} sL >LdtL ag] + . ca clnslt cK7\of/ f lbgx? ;fdgf ug'{k5{ eGg] dnfO{ klxn] g} yfxf lyof] . t/ eOlbof] pN6f] . l:ylt clnslt dfq km/ s knf{ eGg] sNkgf u/ ] sf] d] / f nflu Hofb} b'Mvsf lbgsf] ;fdgf ug'{k¥of] . zf/ Ll/ s b'MveGbf klg d}n] dfgl;s b'Mv kfpg yfn] + . c´ 5fFufaf6 v;] h:tf] t Tolta] nf ag] +, hlta] nf p;s} kl/ jf/ n] p;nfO{ ;'wfg] { lhDdf dnfO{ lbP .

…5f] / L ;D ]́ / dfof lbg] 5f} + . a'xf/ Lsf] st{Jo lgefpg' kb} {g, t/ xfd|f] 5f] / f ltd|f] a"9f] nfO{ gzfn' kbfy{ ;] jg ug] { s'ntaf6 5'6sf/ f u/ fpg] sf] l;; u/ . xfdL ltd|} e/ df 5f} h'nL . lax] kl5 ;'lw|G5 ls eg] / xfDn] g} 5f] / fnfO{ s/ u/ ] / ltdL;Fu glhs agfPsf xf} + . ca xfd|f] 5f] / fsf] eljio ltd|f] xftdf 5 h'nL .Ú

p;sf afcfdf clg d] / f ;f;';;'/ fn] xft hf] 8] / laGtL ubf{ d} n] s] xL ;f] Rg} g;Sg] e} ;s] sf] lyPF . cfkm} n] cfkm} nfO{ y's] +, afaf dDdLsf] OHhtsf] af/ ] df ;f] r] + . ;a} eGbf 7"nf] s'/ f t cfˆg} eljiosf] af/ ] df ;f] r] + . eljiosf ;kgfx? cnu lyP t/ clxn] x'g uof] cs} { . 5f8] / dfOt hfpF t cfkm} / f] h] / cfPsf] , s;nfO{ bf] if lbg' . clg a;f} + t s;sf] dfofdf a:g' < nf] Ug] egfpFbf] 8«lui6 / x] 5 . ;f;';;'/ f dnfO{ k|of] u u/ ] / 5f] / fnfO{ s'ntaf6 arfpg vf] Hb} 5g\ .

;f] r] +– ca afFRg'sf] cy{ / x] g . t/ klg ;DxflnPF . cfkm} n] cfkm} nfO{ ;DemfPF .

cfkm"n] dfof u/ ] sf] nf] Ug] nfO{ ;'wfg] { clg ;'vsf ;fy afFsL hLjg latfpg] ;kgf dgdf ;hfpFb} lbg/ ft p;sf] x] / rfxdf vl6PF . d} n] lbg] dfofn] d] / f] l;pFbf] hf] luG5 eg] d x/ ] s lbg ?g tof/ 5' eGg] c7f] 6 lnb} nfluk/ ] + tLg aif{;Dd . la8Dagf Û ;'wf/ x'g' t k/ } sf] s'/ f, ca d g} ckx] lnt x'g yfn] + . tLg aif{sf] si6s/ gf/ sLo hLjgaf6 5'6sf/ f kfpg] Pp6} pkfo b] v] +– cfkm} l;Wofpg] .

km] l/ csf] { dgn] ;f] Rg yfn] +– s] d db} {df ;d:of ;dfwfg x'G5 t < s] d ;w} + oxL nfu"kbfy{ b'Jo{;gLsf] hLjg;+uL eP/ dfq afFRg' eGg] 5 / < s] d PSn} hLjg lhpg ;lSbgF < o:t} k|Zgx? dgdf v] nfpFb} / ft sf6] + . / fte/ sf] tgfj / dgdf s'/ f v] nfpFb} ubf{ lgisif{ lgsfn] – PSn} lhpg] . afaf dDdL x'Fbf;Dd pxfFx?;Fu} a:5' . afFsL lhGbuL s;/ L lhpg] pkfo nfUb} unf{ .

***d] / f] ToxL lg0f{on] g} clxn] v';L 5'

afcfdfsf] sfvdf . ;f] R5'– p;nfO{ ev{/ –ev{/ kfpFbfsf] pT;fx / p;sf] jf:tljstf a'lem;s] kl5sf] kL8f clg p;sf afcfdfn] dnfO{ k|of] u u/ ] sf] ;do;Dd d] / f] Pp6f lhGbuL ;lsP5 . / , clxn] afFlr/ x] sf] of] ;do ;fob bf] ;|f] lhGbuL xf] d] / f] . ;fFRr} bf] ;|f] lhGbuL– gofF lhGbuL . q

clxn] afFlr/ x] sf] of] ;do ;fob bf] ;|f] lhGbuL xf] d] / f] . ;fFRr} bf] ;|f] lhGbuL– gofF lhGbuL .

cfkm"n] dfof u/ ] sf] nf] Ug] nfO{

;'wfg] { clg ;'vsf ;fy afFsL hLjg

latfpg] ;kgf dgdf ;hfpFb} lbg/ ft p;sf]

x] / rfxdf vl6PF . d} n] lbg] dfofn] d] / f] l;pFbf] hf] luG5 eg] d x/ ] s lbg ?g tof/ 5' eGg] c7f] 6

lnb} nfluk/ ] + tLg aif{;Dd .

la8Dagf Û ;'wf/ x'g' t k/ } sf] s'/ f, ca d g}

ckx] lnt x'g yfn] + .

Saturday, 18 July, 2015@)&@ ;fpg @ ut] zlgaf/ ;f}uft vwww.saugat.nayayougbodh.com

sljtf

zlgaf/ sf]

rnlrq lgdf{0f l;h{gfTds Pj+ af}l4s sfo{ xf] 3gZofd cl:tTj

s'/fsfgL

k':ts

u'?k|;fb zdf{ /]UdL

kb\df]bosf] …Hof]T:gfÚg] kfndf dGqL km] l/ bf sd{rf/ L km] l/ Pem} lrq km] l/ / xFbf Hof] T:gfsf] cy{ s] xf] eGg] s'/ fsf] e|d x'g]

l:ylt ePsf] 5 . lrq Hof] T:gf zAbsf] cg's"n ePh:tf] nfUb} g .

aflnsf kGt

wtL{ dftfhGd hggL cfdfn] hut hggLwtL{dftfsf] sfvdf xfdLnfO{ hGd lbg' ef]hut hggL cfdfn] hLjge/ xfdLnfO{ kfng kf]if0f ug'{ ef]hut hggL cfdfsf] xfdLn] ;Ddfg u/]gf}+;To s] xf] < dfof s] xf] < cfdfnfO{ dfgf}+wd{ s] xf] < zf:q s] xf] < st{JonfO{ hfgf}+xfdLn] ;+:sf/ 5f]8\of}+ st{Jo k"/f ug{ ;s]gf}+;Sb}gf}+ ;fu/ tg{ kfk u/]/b'Mv gb]pm k[YjLnfO{ /ut 5/]/wtL{dftf k[YjLn] slt ;xg ;lS5g\d"v{ eP ;Gtfg egL x]/ cfdf ?lG5g\cfˆg} ;Gtfg sf6L hut hggLcfdfsf] sfvdf /ut 5¥of}kfksf] ef/L eof] c;Xo hudf;xg} g;Sg] u/LxNnfpF5g\ k[YjL tL 8udu u/Lk|f0f} hfg] ef] x/Lsltn] Hofg u'dfO;s]afFr]sf klg qf;} qf;df 5f}+slt a]nf s] x'g] xf] cGof]n 5kfnd'lg sltsf] af; 5g sk8f 5 g ufF; 5slt a[4 56\k6fO/x]sf 5g\slt ;'Ts]/Lx? cnkq 5g\gfl:ts geO ;a} hgfn] wd{ /Iff u/f}+ldlnh'nL ;Sbf] e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ ;xof]u u/f}+ .)))

e"sDkn] lbPsf]bzf / bz{gysf{of] ;a 7fpFdf nunuL a}zfvsf] afx|dfeTs] b]jn P]ltxfl;s cxf] Û k|frLgtf ;fydflxNy] a[If, ntf / afF; lkªem}+ jf/L / kf/L 5'Fb}vf]hL rf}/ 7"nf st} lgs6df efu\bf}8 ub}{ ?Fb} .

sfn}sf] ?k b}jdf k|s[ltdf e"sDk pNsfx?sf]nfxn 5 htftt} ;d/em}+ 9Nbf lgaf;}x?uf/f]df kz' y]lrP dg'hn] afaf d/]+ lg eg]5ftL kf]Nb5 ;Dembf lakt Tof] 5fd]/ 5ftL ?g] .

IftL ef] c/af}+ oxfF e'jgdf b'ef{Uo xfd|f] x/]lhNnf rf}w ag] k|efljt s7} Û dfG5] xhf/f}+ d/]?G5g\ afns ef]sdf gh/n] ;b\efjsf cfzdfbLof] 1fg oxfF gofF laktn] qLkfnsf] af;df .

kmf6\of] wlt{ lr/f lr/f s'?k e} e"sDk em6\sf k/Lkfvfdf ky ufpFdf laktsf k}/f / 5}/f em/L7"nf] ;+s6 lelqof] ul/aLsf] bLof] bzf bz{gk|]dL xft h'6'g\ ;bf e'jgdf cfTdf /;fOsg .

sljtfsf] cg'xf/lrq}–lrqx?n] el/Psf]Pp6f lrq g xf]– sljtf

klZrdL b'lgofFdf…cfbz{ /fHoÚ eGb} lrRofO/x]sf]Kn]6f]n] efFr]s} xf]– sljtfsf] d'gf/ klg afFRof] / cfOk'Uof]– of] o'u;Dd sljtf

eg]s} xf] p;n]sljtf– …6\jfO; kmf/ l/d'E8 k|md b l/ofln6LÚ/ nv]6\g vf]h]s} xf] sljnfO{– p;sf] cfbz{ /fHoaf6

/ klg xfFl;/x]5 sljtf– cIf/x?df

w]/} eGbf w]/} zf;sx?sf]s'k|]ddf km;]/– qmflGt /f]lk/x\of] ;dfhdf sljtfn]

o'uf}+ o'usf dfG5]x?sf]v'zL– d':s'/fO/x\of] sljtfkL8f– /f]O/x\of] sljtfcfF;'– aufO/x\of] sljtfcfqmf]z– lrRofO/x\of] sljtf/ ;w}+ ;w}+ hLjg– n]lv/x\of] sljtf

sljt} eP/ xf]– sljtf afFr]sf] cfh;Dd

o'uf}+ o'ub]lvem/gfx? uLt ufO/x]5g\– sljtfdfsljtfdf– gbLx? xfFl;/x]5g\÷/f]O/x]5g\km"nx? d':s'/fO/x]5g\– sljtfdfsljtfdf– xfjf÷atf;x? alx/x]5g\?vx? b'Mv ;';fO/x]5g\– sljtfdf/ 3'ld/x]5 of] k[YjL klg– sljtfdf

cGtl/IfeGbf km/flsnf] ePs}n]sljtfsf] e"uf]n– slj x[boleq;'/lIft 5– sljtf cfh;Dd klg

sljtfdfPp6f ul/a– cfˆgf] ef]sf] k]6sf] lrq x]5{Pp6f dhb'/– cfˆgf] 3/ vf]lh/xG5Pp6f k/b]zL– b]zsf] gS;f x]l//xG5Pp6f k|]dL– k|]dsf] dxfcfVofg k9\5Pp6f j}1flgs– zAb vf]lh/xG5gofF cfljisf/sf] Gjf/fg ug{ / sljtfdf slj– x]l//xG5 cfˆg} d'6'sf] lrq

k9\bf– cIf/x?sf];'Gbf– cfjfhx?sf]lrq}–lrqx?n] el/Psf]Pp6f lrq g xf]– sljtf . )))

kßf] bo klAns gd"gf pRr dfljsf] ^( cf} + :yfkgf lbj; u+uf bzx/ fsf] lbg ljBfnosf] z} lIfs pGgog;Fu ;DalGwt ultljlwnfO{ ;d] 6] / k|sflzt ul/ Psf] Hof] T:gfsf] !# cf} + c+s ljdf] rg ePsf] 5 . pQm Hof] T:gf jflif{s d'vkqnfO{ x] bf{ dnfO{ ePsf] cg'e"lt kf7sx? ;fd' kl:slbPsf] 5' .

Hof] T:gfdf ljBfnosf ultljlwx? / bfªsf nAwk|ltli7t ;|i6fx?sf uxlsnf l;h{gf clg eljiosf cfwf/ afnaflnsfsf efjgfx? d'vl/ t u/ fpg] h'g k|of; ljBfnon] u/ ] sf] 5 To;sf] ;/ fxgf ug} {kb{5 . of] kßf] bo klAns gd"gf pRr dfWolds ljBfno / fKtL c~rns} ;a} eGbf k'/ fgf] / h] 7f] ljBfno ePsfn] c~rn / If] qs} z} lIfs Oltxf;nfO{ hLjGt / fVg] k|of;df lg/ Gt/ nfluk/ ] sf] b] lvG5 . ljBfnosf cleefjs / ljBfyL{x?sf] ;d;fdlos ?lr / cfjZostfnfO{ oyf] lrt ;Ddfg lbPsf] / To;nfO{ ;Daf] wg ub} { u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ u/ ] sf] k|lta4tf / To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ u/ ] sf k|of;x?nfO{ klg Hof] T:gfn] s] xL dfqfdf phfu/ u/ ] sf] kfOG5 .

kkgpdfljsf] d'vkq Hof] T:gf !(@ k[i7sf] / x] sf] 5 . h;df Psb] lv !#) k[i7;Dd g] kfnL efiffsf uLt, sljtf, d'Qms, syf, ;dLIff, r'6\lsnf / ;fdfGo 1fgsf ljifoj:t' / flvPsf] 5 . !#! k[i7b] lv !&) k[i7;Dd c+u|] hL efiffsf

uLt, sljtf, sxfgL, n] vsf ljifoj:t' / x] sf 5g\ . !&! b] lv !(@ ;Ddsf k[i7df ljBfnosf] cfly{s tyf k|ult k|ltj] bg, P;Pn;L / !@ sIffdf pQL0f{ ljBfyL{x?sf] gfdfjnL, lzIfs, sd{rf/ L / Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] gfd / kmf] 6f] x? / flvPsf 5g\ . se/ sf] d'vk[i7nfO{ cfsif{s agfpg vf] lhPsf] 5 . k5fl8sf] se/ k] h vfnL 5f] l8Psf] 5 . Pnl8cf] , lhNnf lzIff clwsf/ L, ljJo;sf cWoIf, lzIfs–cleefjs ;+3sf cWoIfsf] dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] , k|frfo{sf] dGtJo, ;DkfbsLo / ljifo;"rL;d] tsf] k[i7 ;+Vof @)^ / x] sf] Hof] T:gfnfO{ o:tf] cfsf/ / k|sf/ lbg] ljBfno kl/ jf/ nfO{ awfO{ lbg} kb{5 . pQds[i0f dhu} ofF, uhnsf/ ;'zLn uf} td, lul/ / fh zdf{, lgTofgGb zdf{, nf] s/ fh k/ fh'nLh:tf bfªsf rlr{t / k|ltli7t ;flxTosf/ x?sf ;d;fdlos ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/ t uhn, uLt, sljtf, d'Qms, ;dLIffsf] / ;f:jfbg ug{ kfOG5 eg] lzIfs ljBfyL{x?sf] ;flxlTos k|ltefnfO{ kl/ :s[t / kl/ dflh{t ug] { sfd klg Hof] T:gfn] ub} { cfPsf] 5 . ;flxTosf/ , lzIfs / ljBfyL{x?sf / rgfdf ;fdflhs, cfly{s, / fhgLlts, z} lIfs, ;f+:s[lts ljrngn] aGb} uPsf] c;xh cj:yf, d"No, dfGotf / g} ltstf laxLg cj:yfn] ;a} If] qnfO{ agfPsf] cGof] ntf / clgoldttfsf] b'v] ;f] ;a} n] 5tf5'Nn kf] v] sf 5g\ h:tf] nfU5 .

o; ljBfnodf c+u|] hL / g] kfnL dfWodaf6 k|fyldsb] lv pRr dfWolds;Ddsf] k9fO eO/ x] sf] 5 . o;} sf/ 0f o; ljBfnodf c+u|] hL dfWodsf] :t/ Lo k9fO x'G5 eGg] cleefjsx? /

kf7sx?nfO{ hfgsf/ L u/ fpgs} nflu g] kfnLdf dfq k|sflzt x'g] Hof] T:gfn] c+u|] hL g] kfnL b'a} efiffsf n] v, sljtf, syf / uLtnfO{ ;dfj] z u/ ] sf] 5 . ljBfnon] lgoldt?kdf cfˆgf] jflif{s d'vkq k|sflzt ub} { cfPsf] 5 . k|ltjif{ o;sf] cfsf/ k|sf/ / :t/ Lotf klg a9fpFb} uPsf] s'/ f gsfg{ ;lsb} g . o; ljBfnosf k|frfo{ 8f= s[i0f/ fh l8;L :jo+ Pp6f vfl/ Psf ;flxTosf/ ePsf] / pxfF g} Hof] T:gfsf] ;+/ Ifs ePsfn] o; k6ssf] Hof] T:gf ljutdf eGbf df] 6fPsf] 5 . ;flxlTos ?kdf k|ltzf] wfTds zlQm a9fPsf] 5 . sltko sljtfx? Tof] sIffsf] ljBfyL{n] n] v] sf] xf] nf eg] / kTofpg g;lsg] h:tf 5g\ . t/ ;flxlTos k|ltef cGt/ d'vL x'G5 . Tof] k|:km'l6t x'g yfNof] eg] l8u|L k9fOeGbf dfly k'u] / s'ln{g yfN5 eGg] oyfy{tf :jLsfg} { kb{5 .

Hof] T:gf d'vkq !# cf} + c+s;Dd k'u] sf] 5 . t/ Hof] T:gfsf] d'vk[i7sf] lrq k|To] s jif{ km] l/ g] u/ ] sf] 5 . g] kfndf dGqL km] l/ bf sd{rf/ L km] l/ Pem} lrq km] l/ / xFbf Hof] T:gfsf] cy{ s] xf] eGg] s'/ fsf] e|d x'g] l:ylt ePsf] 5 . lrq Hof] T:gf zAbsf] cg's"n ePh:tf] nfUb} g . x'g t s'/ f] / s'nf] htf nUof] pt} hfG5 . d"n ?knfO{ kl/ jt{g ubf{ To;sf] cfjZostf / cf} lrTotfsf] k'li6 ug'{kg] { x'G5 . To;f] ePsf] 5} g . o:tf] ;+j] bgzLn s'/ fnfO{ nx8 agfpg'x'Fb} g h:tf] nfU5 .

of] Hof] T:gf kkgpdfljsf] a[Qlrq xf] . oxfF s;n] s] ul/ / x] sf 5g\ < s;n] s;/ L lhDd] jf/ L k"/ f ul/ / x] sf] 5 < s] s:tf] k|ult

eO/ x] sf] 5 < of] ;a} b] vfpg] ePsfn] lj1fgsf 5fq5fqfx?n] l;h{gf u/ ] sf oflGqs pks/ 0fx?, sDKo'6/ , l;l6le6Lsf oflGqs s'/ fx? lrqdf of zflAbs lrqdf klg b] vfOlbPsf] eP ljBfnosf] klxrfg u/ fpg] dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/ x? aGg] lyP . xf] :6n, ljBfnosf 3/ x?, k|of] uzfnf, kfs{, a; ;'ljwf sf s'/ f lrqfTds?kdf eP cleefjsnfO{ a9L k|efljt ug{ ;dy{ x'g] lyof] .

Hof] T:gfdf lgZro klg 1fgj4{s / fd|f n] v, sljtf, uhn / ;dLIff 5flkPsf 5g\ . To;} n] of] k7gLo cjZo klg 5 t/ o;nfO{ ;+u|x0fLo agfpg] tkm{ ljBfnosf] Wofg s] lGb|t eof] eg] Hof] T:gf cf] lhnf] x'g] lyof] . bªfnL ;flxlTos If] qdf dfq geP/ / fli6«o:t/ d} of] ;+u|x0fLo x'g] lyof] . o;tkm{ ljBfnosf] Wofg hfcf] ;\ eGg] ck] Iff klg / fVb5' .

of] ljBfno bfdf] b/ zdf{ l3ld/ ] sf] ;Tk|of;af6 @))$ ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . v/ sf] 5fgf, hldgsf] a;fOaf6 z'? ePsf] ljBfno cfh ;a} b[li6n] k"0f{ k|f} 9fj:yfdf k'lu;s] sf] 5 . ljBfnodf bfdf] b/ l3ld/ ] sf] cw{sbsf] d"lt{ klg :yflkt ePsf] 5 . ;w} + :yfkgf lbj;df dfNofk{0f klg ul/ G5 . ToxL :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/ df k|sflzt Hof] T:gfdf bfdf] b/ l3ld/ ] sf] sxL+ st} lrq 5} g . To;sf/ 0f cfpFbf jif{x? df d'vk[i7sf] k5fl8sf] kfgfdf bfdf] b/ l3ld/ ] sf] kmf] 6f] / fv] df jf:tjdf bfdf] b/ k|lt u/ ] sf] >4f~hnL ;fy{s x'g] lyof] eGb} cfkm\gf cg'e"lt nfO{ oxL+ la;fpF5' .

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l bfªdf rnlrq lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfo{zfnf ub} { x'g'x'G5, tof/ L s:tf] 5 <

bfªdf klxnf] k6s oxL >fj0f ( b] lv !! ;Dd rnlrq ;DaGwL sfo{zfnf x'Fb} 5 . o;n] ;a} If] qnfO{ pT;flxt Pj+ uf} / jflGjt agfPsf] 5 . clxn] k|rf/ k|;f/ df h'6] sf] 5' . ljleGg If] qdf lqmofzLn cu'jf JolQmx?;Fu k/ fdz{ ul/ / x] sf] 5' . sfo{zfnfnfO{ eJo?kdf ;DkGg ug{ ;xof] u h'6fO/ x] sf] 5' . ;du|df eGbf tof/ L lgs} pT;fxhg?kdf eO/ x] sf] 5 .

l sfo{zfnfk|lt cfd dfG5] sf] ?lr s:tf] b] lvG5 <

lgs} pT;fxshgs 5 . ljz] ifu/ L snf / ;~rf/ If] qdf lqmofzLn JolQmx?sf] o;df ?lr b] lvPsf] 5 . of] :jefljs klg xf] . of] xfd|f nflu lgs} dxTjk"0f{ cj;/ xf] . sfo{zfnfdf rnlrq If] qsf lbUuh JolQmx?n] k|lzIf0f lbg'x'g] 5 . ;xefuLx?n] rnlrq lgdf{0f ;DaGwL Jojxfl/ s, ;} 4flGts Pj+ k|fljlws ;Lk xfl;n ug] { cj;/ k|fKt ug] {5g\ . of] cGtlqmof{Tds Pj+ k|of] ufTds sfo{zfnf xf] .

l sfo{zfnfdf s] s:tf ljifoj:t'af/ ] l;sfO x'g] 5 <

;du|df rnlrq lgdf{0f;Fu hf] l8Psf ;a} ljifoj:t'x?af/ ] l;sfO x'g] 5 . a'Fbfut?kdf pNn] v ug'{kbf{ ;fy{s rnlrq s;/ L lgdf{0f x'G5 < lgb] {zg s] xf] < rnlrqdf snf, ljrf/ / k|ljlwsf] ;+of] hg s;/ L x'G5 < rnlrqdf no, ult / k|efj s;/ L l;h{gf x'G5 < kfqx?sf] rfl/ qLs/ 0f, ljifoj:t'sf] gf6sLs/ 0f Pj cy{k"0f{ b[Zox?sf] lgdf{0f / ;+of] hg s;/ L x'G5 < ljifoj:t'sf] k|:t'tLs/ 0f Pj+ bz{sx?;Fusf] b"/ L Pj+ ;Djfb s;/ L :yflkt ug{ ;lsG5 < h:tf ljifoj:t'x?af/ ] uxg 5nkmn Pj+ k|lzIf0f x'g] 5 .

l rnlrq ;DaGwL sfo{zfnf lsg h?/ L 7fGg'eof] <

rnlrq If] qk|lt d] / f] ulx/ f] cle?lr 5 . d] / f] b[li6sf] 0fdf ljrf/ cleJolQmsf] ;jf{lws k|efjsf/ L dfWod xf] rnlrq . ;dfh ?kfGt/ 0fdf rnlrqsf] e"ldsf lgs} cx+ x'G5 . snfsf] dfWodaf6 ;dfhnfO{ :j:y dgf] / ~hg Pj+ pTk||] / 0ff k|bfg ug{ rnlrq lgs} ;zQm dfWod xf] . To;sf/ 0f d} n] of] sfo{zfnf h?/ L 7fg] sf] 5' .

xfd|f] ;dfhdf rnlrq If] qnfO{ lgs} xNsf?kdf a'em\g] ul/ G5 . w] / } sf] o;k|lt gsf/ fTds b[li6sf] 0f 5 . vfnL / dfOnf] ug] { If] qsf] ?kdf o;nfO{ lnOPsf] 5 . of] ;j{yf

unt b[li6sf] 0f xf] . rnlrq lgdf{0f eg] sf] af} l4s Pj+ l;h{gfTds sfo{ xf] . o;df ljrf/ zLn dfG5] x?sf] ;xeflutf h?/ L 5 . hLjg / ;dfhsf] uxgtd cWoog u/ ] sf dfG5] x?n] dfq ;fy{s rnlrq agfpg ;S5g\ / ;dfhnfO{ ;xL lbzfaf] w ug{ ;S5g\ . cfh ;a} n] of] s'/ f dgg ug{ h?/ L 5 . xfdL sfo{zfnfdf o; b[li6sf] 0faf6 k|] l/ t eP/ cGtlqm{of / ax; z'? ug] {5f} + .

b'Mvsf] s'/ f g] kfnL rnlrq If] qdf ljrf/ ljxLg dfG5] x?sf] afx'Notf 5 . pgLx?

rnlrqsf] ljifoj:t', ;dj] bgf / b[li6sf] 0faf/ ] s'g} 1fg / ?lr 5} g . s] xL k|fljlws 1fg 5, ToxL cfwf/ df pgLx?n] rnlrq If] qnfO{ ;:tf] dgf] / ~hg / df] hd:tLsf] ?kdf lnP/ sfd ul/ / x] sf 5g\ . o:tf] k|j[lQnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug'{k5{ / / rgfTds b[li6sf] 0f ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ pTk|] l/ t ug'{k5{ . clxn] kl5Nnf] ;do s] xL l;h{gzLn Pj+ af} l4s JolQmx?sf] pkl:ylt eg] a9\b} uPsf] 5 . of] v'zLsf] s'/ f xf] . xfdL sfo{zfnfaf6 o; If] qdf lqmofzLn JolQmx?nfO{ yk l;h{gzLn Pj+ pmhf{zLn agfpg] k|oTg ug] {5f} + .

l clxn] ;Dd sfo{zfnf ;~rfngsf nflu s:tf] ;xof] u kfpg' ePsf] 5 <

;xof] usf nflu ljleGg JolQm Pj+ ;+3 ;+:yfx?;Fu cfu|x ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . ;a} sf] ;xof] usf] ck] Iff 5 . of] bfªsf] uf} / j;Fu hf] l8Psf] x'Fbf ;xof] u cfpg] s'/ fdf xfdL ljZj:t 5f} + .

l cln km/ s k|;+u, tkfO{ kqsf/ ls snfsf/ <d ljut nfdf] ;dob] lv snf, ;flxTo

/ kqsfl/ tf If] qdf lqmofzLn 5' . oL tLgj6}

ljifo If] qx? Ps csf{;Fu cGt/ ;DalGwt 5g\ . oL tLgj6} If] q;Fu d] / f] ;dfg nufj 5 . kl/ l:yltjz slxn] s'g If] q k|d'v x'G5 eg] slxn] s'g If] q . d z'?df snfsfl/ tfaf6 ;flxlTos If] q x'Fb} kqsfl/ tf If] qdf k|j] z u/ ] sf] x'F . ca d s] eg"F, d] / f] kl/ ro ;dfhn] agfOlbg] xf] .

l kl5Nnf] ;do uLt;+uLt If] qsf gjk|ltefx?sf] nflu tkfO{n] lgs} / rgfTds cleofgx? ;~rfng ul/ / xg' ePsf] 5, oL cleofgx?af/ ] tkfO{sf] egfO s] 5 <

d lgs} v'zL / uf} / jflGjt 5' . gjk|ltefx?sf] vf] hL Pj+ ;+/ If0fdf s] xL ug{ ;s] sf] df cfˆgf] h'gL ;kmn ePsf] 7fg] sf] 5' . x/ ] sn] ;dfhsf nflu s] xL ug'{k5{ eGg] dfGotf 5 d] / f] . d} n] oxL bfloTj k"/ f ug] { k|oTg ul/ / x] sf] 5' . cg'h k':tfnfO{ xfdLn] t xf] lg x'sf{pg] , dfof ug] { / / rgfTds Pj+ lhDd] jf/ agfpg] . xfDn] gu/ ] s;n] u5{ < ;fgf efOa} gLx?nfO{ k|:km'l6t x'g] jftfj/ 0f xfdLn] gagfP s;n] agfpF5 t < oxL efjgfaf6 k|] l/ t eP/ d o; cleofgdf h'6] sf] 5' . oxfF;Dd cfOk'Ubf ;a} af6 ;xof] u kfPsf] 5' .

l ca rnlrq lgdf{0f lgb] {zg gug] { t <;f] Rb} 5' . dgdf w] / } syfx? 5g\, ltgnfO{

a'g] / cy{k"0f{ rnlrq agfpg kfP x'GYof] eGg] ;\ nflu/ xG5 . aLrdf 8/ nfUbf] ?kdf cfly{s ;+6sdf km;] sf] x'Fbf tTsfn g;s] klg s'g} ;do caZo agfpg] 5' .

l cGTodf yk s] xL eGg' lyof] ls < ;j{k|yd d] / f ljrf/ / efjgfnfO{ JoQm ug{]

cj;/ lbg'ePsf] df gofF o'uaf] w b} lgs ;f} uft kl/ jf/ nfO{ d'/ L–d'/ L wGojfb . bfªdf klxnf] k6s x'g nfu] sf] rnlrq lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfo{zfnfnfO{ eJo?kdf ;kmn agfpg d ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx?;Fu xflb{s cg'/ f] w ub{5' .

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ljut b'O{ bzseGbf a9L ;dob]lv snf, ;flxTo Pj+ ;~rf/ sf If]qdf lqmofzLn s]=Pn= kLl8t Ps :yflkt gfd xf] . yf? efiffsf] P]ltxfl;s rnlrq e'OFXof/ sf] lgdf{0f lgb]{zg ul/ ;Sg'ePsf kLl8t kl5Nnf] ;do bfªdf snf If]qsf] k|a4{gdf v6\g' ePsf] 5 . bfªdf rnlrq lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfo{zfnf ;~rfngsf] tof/ Ldf h'6\g'ePsf rnlrq lgb]{zs Pj+ g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3, bfªsf lgjt{dfg cWoIf kLl8t;Fu ul/ Psf] s'/ fsfgL . –;Dkfbs

– s]=Pn= kLl8t, lgb]{zs Pj+ ;+rf/sdL{

xfd|f] ;dfhdf rnlrq If] qnfO{ lgs} xNsf?kdf a'em\g] ul/ G5 . w] / } sf] o;k|lt gsf/ fTds b[li6sf] 0f 5 . vfnL / dfOnf] ug] { If] qsf] ?kdf o;nfO{ lnOPsf] 5 . of] ;j{yf unt b[li6sf] 0f xf] . rnlrq lgdf{0f eg] sf] af} l4s Pj+ l;h{gfTds sfo{ xf] . o;df ljrf/ zLn dfG5] x?sf]

;xeflutf h?/ L 5 . hLjg / ;dfhsf] uxgtd cWoog u/ ] sf dfG5] x?n] dfq ;fy{s rnlrq agfpg ;S5g\ /

;dfhnfO{ ;xL lbzfaf] w ug{ ;S5g\ .

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b] lvb}5 . g] kfnL rnlrq pBf] u hGdg} gkfO{ w/ fzfoL aGb} 5 . o;sf d"ne"t ;d:of / ltgsf ;dfwfgsf pkfonfO{ ;ª\If] kdf o;/ L ;ª\s] t ug{ ;lsG5 M

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;+:s[ltsf] kf6f] 5 eg] csf{lt/ pBf] usf] kIf klg 5 . g] kfnL l;g] dfn] Jofkf/ slt u¥of] eGg] s'/ fsf] jf:tljs tYofª\s clxn] s;} ;Fu klg 5} g . g lgdf{tfn] ;xL ;"rgf lbO/ x] sf] 5, g k|bz{s tyf ljt/ sx¿n] g} ;fFrf] af] n] sf 5g\ g t / fHonfO{ g} o;sf] jf:tljstf yfxf 5 . em'6} em'6df of] If] q afFlr/ x] sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf / fHon] lg/ Gt/ / fhZj u'dfO/ x] sf] 5 eg] pBf] ukltx¿ o;nfO{ ljZjf; ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf 5} gg\ . lgdf{tf / k|bz{sx¿ Ps–csf{nfO{ wf/ ] xft nfP/ ufnL ug{df d:t 5g\ . cfly{s ckf/ blz{tf al9/ x] sf] 5 . g] kfnL rnlrqsf] ljsf;sf nflu of] cj:yf afws ag] / / x] sf] 5 . aS; clkm;sf] :yfkgfn] cfly{s lgoldttf sfod ug{ / nufgL k|jw{g ug{ ;xof] u ug] { ePsfn] o;sf] cfjZostf c;fWo} 68\sf/ f] b] lvPsf] 5 .

aS; clkm;sf] :yfkgfn] / fHo, lgdf{tf, ljt/ s tyf k|bz{s, bz{s ;a} nfO{ Ps} rf]l6 lxt ug{ ;Sb5 . o;sf] :yfkgfkl5 / fHon] ck] Iff u/ ] eGbf Hob} 7"nf] dfqfdf / fhZj k|fKt ug] {5 . lgdf{tfx¿n] cfkm\gf] l;g] dfsf] jf:tljs Joj;fo Ifdtfsf af/ ] df j:t'ut hfgsf/ L k|fKt ug] {5g\ . k|bz{s / ljt/ sdfly pgLx¿n] l/ ; u/ ] / lx8\g' kg] {5} g . ljt/ s / k|bz{sx¿n] u'Db} uPsf] k|lti7f cfh{g ug] {5g\ . bz{s klg cfkm"n] lt/ ] sf] k} ;f ;xL 7fpFdf k'u] sfdf ;Gt'i6 x'g] 5g\ . htfaf6 x] / ] klg aS; clkm;sf] :yfkgf g] kfnL rnlrq pBf] usf nflu ;j{lxtsf/ L dfq} b] lvG5 . o;sf] l9nfOn] a? of] pBf] u emg\–emg\ ;ª\s6df kml;/ x] sf] 5 .

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jf pkof] lutfsf af/ ] df ulx/ f cWoog cg';Gwfgx¿ x'g ;s] sf 5} gg\ . o;sf] cefjdf n] vg, lgb] {zg, 5fofª\sg, clego, ;Dkfbg cflb x/ ] s If] qn] ck] lIft pknlAw k|fKt ug{ ;s] sf 5} gg\ . Ps] 8] dLsf] :yfkgf x'g] xf] eg] oL ljljw If] qdf cg';Gwfgx¿ a9\g] lyP . rnlrq lgdf{0fsf / fli6«o cGt/ f{li6«o cg'ejx¿nfO{ ;+:yfut u/ L g] kfnL rnlrqsf] dfu{lrq sf] g{ Ps] 8] dLn] 7"nf] ;xof] u ug{ ;Sb5 . k|fl1stf;Fu hf] l8Psf x/ ] s If] qsf] :t/ f] Ggltsf nflu, rnlrqsf] ljsf;, k|j4{g / ;+a4{gsf nflu ;Lldt clwswf/ / Ifdtfsf] rnlrq ljsf; af] 8{ kof{Kt 5} g, Pp6f zlQmzfnL rnlrq Ps] 8] dL u7g x'g' cfjZos 5 .

Ps] 8] dLsf] u7g x'g] xf] eg] g] kfndf ck] lIft l;g] df ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0fdf ;xof] u k'U5 . l;g] dfsf] ljsf; / k|j4{gsf nflu of] hgf lgdf{0f ug] {b] lv lnP/ a'l4hLjL tyf pBf] ukltx¿nfO{ o; If] qlt/ cfslif{t ug] {, k|efjsf/ L gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xof] u ug] {b] lv lnP/ gofF k':tfdf l;g] dfk|ltsf] ?lr / cfsif{0f a9fpg] ofjt\ sfo{x¿ ug{ ;lsG5 . dflg;x¿n] l;g] dfdf cfkm\gf] eljio b] V5g\ / of] Uo dflg;x¿n] l;g] df sd{nfO{ hLjgsf] p2] Zo agfpF5g\ . k|fl1s If] qn] l;g] dfnfO{ cfkm\gf] dfGg g;Sbf h] –hlt cefj / ;Ldfx¿ g] kfnL l;g] dfdf b] lvPsf 5g\ ltgsf] xn ug] { pkfo l;g] df Ps] 8] dL x'g ;Sb5 .

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$= rnlrq gLlt M/ fli6«o rnlrq pBf] unfO{ l6sfpg] / ;an

agfpg] lsl;dsf] rnlrq gLlt / fHon] agfpg l9nf] eO;s] sf] 5 . nfvf} + bz{sx¿ ePsf] rnlrq If] qnfO{ / fHon] x] g] { b[li6sf] 0f s] xf] < xhf/ f}+ rnlrqsdL{x¿n] / f] huf/ L kfPsf] o; ;f+:s[lts pBf] uk|lt / fHo pbf;Lg b] lvg' s'g} klg cy{df ;xL x'g ;Sb} g . ;f+:s[lts cltqmd0fsf] rsf] { kL8f a] xf] g'{k/ ] sf] xfd|f] h:tf] d'n'sdf t o;sf] e"ldsf emg\ w] / } x'G5 . plrt gLlt lgdf{0f u/ L rnlrqsf] k|jw{g ug] { of] hgf / fHon] agfpg] xf] eg] g] kfndf g t g] kfnL l;g] dfx¿sf] of] sGtlahf] s b] Vg'k5{ g t dft[efiffsf l;g] dfx¿n] g} em6\s] nf] ;Gtfgsf] Jojxf/ ;xg' k5{ . ;f+:s[lts ljljwtfnfO{ g] kfnsf] ;Dkbf dfGg] xf] eg] o; ;Dkbfaf6 clwstd kmfObf lng]

;a} eGbf e/ kbf] { dfWod g} l;g] df xf] eGg] s'/ f / fHon] a'em\g l9nf] ug'{ x'Fb} g . Pp6f ;d'bfo jf hflt jf 7fpFsf] l;g] df csf] { hflt, ;d'bfo jf 7fpFsf] bz{sn] x] g{ kfpg] xf] eg] To;n] g] kfnL–g] kfnLsf aLr cfk;L ;b\efj a9fpg] dfq} xf] Og g] kfnsf] / fli6«o PstfnfO{ alnof] kfg{ klg cxd\ e"ldsf v] N5 . oL ;a} pknlAwx¿af6 xfdL nfeflGjt x'gsf nflu / fHosf] :ki6 rnlrq gLlt klxnf] cfwf/ :tDe x'g;S5 .

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lrGg' cyjf dxfslj b] jsf] 6fnfO{ ;a} n] dxfg\ eGg'sf] Pp6f d"n sf/ 0f pgLx¿sf ljifodf k7gkf7g x'g' klg xf] . afnaflnsfn] ;fg} b] lv efg'eQmsf] sljtf k9] sf] 5, b] jsf] 6fsf af/ ] df n] v] / k/ LIff lbPsf] 5 . To;f] x'Fbf aRr} pd] / b] lv dflg;sf] lbdfudf s] k/ ] sf] 5 eg] logLx¿ ;fFRr} g} dxfg\ ;|i6f x'g\ . d"lt{sf/ sf] af/ ] df k9] sf] 5} g, To;nfO{ ljBfno tyf SofDk;x¿df clgjfo{ ul/ Psf] 5} g, To;} n] kfFr hgf d"lt{sf/ x¿sf] gfd hfGg] g] kfnL c;fWo} sd 5g\ . s;} n] c/lgsf] nfO{ lrGb5g\ eg] pgsf af/ ] df k9fO ePs} n] lrg] sf x'g\ . ha ls g] kfnL ;flxTosf sf/ 0fn] eGbf g] kfnL jf:t'snfsf sf/ 0fn] , d"lt{snfsf sf/ 0fn] jf lrqsnfsf sf/ 0fn] ljZjn] g] kfnnfO{ lrGb5 t/ g] kfnLx¿ eg] ;flxTosf/ nfO{ dfq} lrGb5g\ . o:tf] lj/ f] wfef; x'g'df k7gkf7gsf] e"ldsf d'Vo 5 . rnlrqdf klg snfsf/ nfO{ lrGg] w] / } xf] nfg\ t/ lgb] {zsnfO{ lrGg] c;fWo} sd 5g\, ha ls l;g] dfnfO{ lgb] {zssf] dfWod elgG5 . l;g] dfsf n] vs jf ;Dkfbs jf 5fofFsf/ sf af/ ] df sltnfO{ yfxf xf] nf < clg s;/ L hlGdG5g\ l;g] dfsf n] vs, ;Dkfbs jf 5fofFsf/ x¿ < pgLx¿sf] kl/ ro g} gePkl5, To:tf] sfdnfO{ / fd|f] sfd eg] / :yflkt g} gu/ ] kl5 s;/ L dflg;n] l;g] dfsf] n] vs aGg] ;kgf b] vf] ;\ < s;/ L ;Dkfbs jf 5fofFsf/ jf lgb] {zs g} klg aGg] ;kgf b] vf] ;\ . l;g] dfsf] If] qdf s;} n] ;kgf b] V5 eg] snfsf/ aGg] , To;df klg lx/ f] jf lx/ f] Og aGg] ;kgf b] Vnf To;eGbf leq pm l5g} { ;Sb} g . lgb] {zsx¿df af/ ] df k7gkf7g x'GYof] eg] , / fd|f] 5fofFsf/ jf ;Dkfbssf af/ ] df k7gkf7g x'GYof] eg] g] kfnL l;g] dfsf] cj:yf of] x'g] lyPg .

^= xn–;'wf/ kl/ of] hgf Mclxn] ;flxTosf k':tsx¿sf] laqmL a9] sf]

5 . o;/ L laqmL a9\g'df tLg s'/ fx¿ d'Vo 5g\ . klxnf] s'/ f k':ts k|bz{gL jf k':ts d] nfx¿ x'g\ . o:tf k|bz{gL jf d] nfx¿n] dflg;sf] Wofg k':tslt/ cfslif{t u/ ] sf 5g\, ;~rf/ dfWodx¿sf] e"ldsf klg o;df dxTTjk"0f{ 5 . bf] ;|f] s'/ f xf] sn] a/ . lxhf] cfh 5flkg] k':tsx¿ x] b} { cfsif{s nfU5g\ . d"No a9L xf] nfg\ t/ / fd|f b] lvG5g\, k9"Fk9"F em} F b] lvG5g\ . k':tssf] aflx/ L cfj/ 0f x] b} { s] nfU5 eg] of] kSs} klg / fd|f] xf] nf . k9\g EofOPg eg] klg 3/ df nu] / / fVbf OHht xf] nf h:tf ;'Gb/ l8hfOgsf k':tsx¿ lg:sg yfn] . ahf/ a9fpgdf o;sf] klg e"ldsf dxTTjk"0f{ 5 . t] ;|f] kIf eg] sf] ;Dkfbg xf] . klxn] –klxn] ;flxlTos s[ltx¿sf] ;Dkfbg ug] { vf;} k|rng lyPg . cfkm\gf] –cfkm\gf] z} nL xf] eGy] ,

d] / f] n] vfOsf] Pp6f cIf/ klg ;Dkfbg ug] { clwsf/ s;} nfO{ 5} g eGg] 3dG8 n] vsx¿df lyof] . s;} n] rf] nf{ ls eg] em} F v';'Ss n] v] / v';'Ss 5kfOxfNg] k|rng lyof] . oL sdhf] / Lsf sf/ 0f k':tssf] :t/ Lotf prfOdf k'Ug ;s] sf] lyPg . cfh To;df kl/ jt{g ePsf] 5 . ;flxTosf/ x¿ k|sfzgk"j{ g} ;d"x 5nkmndf a:g yfn] sf 5g\, k|sfzsx¿n] klg To;nfO{ af/ Daf/ ;Dkfbgkl5 dfq} ahf/ df Nofpg yfn] sf 5g\ . of] ;fjwfgL / ;fd"lxs k|of;n] cfh g] kfnL ;flxTosf] ahf/ lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 . n] v] / afFRg] kl/ l:ylt qmdzM lgdf{0f x'g yfn] sf] 5 . of] lzIff l;g] dfn] klg lng' h?/ L 5 . l;g] df xn :t/ Lo agfpg] xf] eg] xndf hfg] bz{sx¿sf] ;ª\Vof a9\5 . l;g] df xndf kfls{ªb] lv cGo ;a} ;'ljwfx¿ oy] i6 xf] ;\ . dgf] / ~hgsf nflu xndf hfFbf si6 a] xf] g'{ gk/ f] ;\ . l;g] dfsf] lgdf{0f 6] lnlehgdf x] g{sf nflu jf sDKo'6/ df x] g{sf nflu ePsf] xf] Og, xndf x] bf{ l;g] dfn] h'g prfOaf6 dgf] / ~hg lbg ;S5, Tof] ;fgf] kbf{af6 ;Dej 5} g eGg] s'/ f xfdLn] bz{snfO{ a'emfpg ;s] sf 5} gf} F . h;n] a'em] sf 5g\ tL klg xndf uP/ l;g] df x] g{ Tolt ?rfpFb} gg\ lsgeg] clwsf+z xnx¿sf] cj:yf gfh's 5 . xnx¿nfO{ ;'ljwf;DkGg agfpg cfjZos k/ ] / fHon] C0f ;x'lnot jf eG;f/ df s/ 5'6sf] Joj:yf u/ ] / eP klg xn ;'wfg'{ cTofjZos 5 . g] kfnsf clwsf+z u'0f:t/ xLg xnsf sf/ 0f bz{sx¿ l;g] dftkm{ cfslif{t x'g'sf] ;f6f] ljslif{t eO/ x] sf 5g\ . u'0f:t/ xLg ;fpG8 l;:6d, u'0f:t/ xLg k|f] h] S;gsf sf/ 0f s] xL / fd|f l;g] dfx¿sf] klg ab\gfd eO/ x] sf] 5 . sDKo'6/ jf 6] lnlehgdf a? k|:6 b] lvg] , ;'lgg] t/ xnd} uP/ vr{ u/ ] / x] bf{ rflxF lbSs nfUg] l:ylt rnlrqsf] pGgltsf nflu cjZo klg 7"n} afwf xf] . / fHon] tf] s] sf] dfkb08 k"/ f gu/ ] sf xnx¿nfO{ sfaf{xL ug'{ Pp6f s'/ f xf] nf t/ ePsf xnx¿nfO{ sfaf{xL ug'{eGbf :t/ ;'wfg{ k|] l/ t ug'{ a'l4dfgL x'g] 5, To;sf nflu / fHon] ;x'lnot lbg] xf] eg] klg / fh:jaf6 bL3{sfnLg kmfObf lngsf nflu Tof] lxts/ g} x'G5 .

&= lkmNd ;f] ;fO6L MrnlrqsdL{x¿ dfq} xf] Og, cGo If] qdf rnlrq

bz{sx¿n] klg lkmNd ;f] ;fO6L vf] n] / ljleGg l;g] dfx¿ x] g] { / ;dLIff ug] { ug{ ;S5g\ . o:tf] ;dLIff zf:qLotfdf cfwfl/ t x'g'k5{ eGg] 5} g . cfkm\gf] ;fdfGo ;demcg';f/ g} s'g} lkmNd / fd|f] jf g/ fd|f] h] nfu] sf] 5 eGg ;S5g\ . / fd|f nfu] sf l;g] dfx¿ x] g{sf nflu c¿nfO{ k|] l/ t ug] { sfd o:tf lkmNd ;f] ;fO6Lx¿af6 x'g ;S5 . lzIfsx¿, ls;fgx¿, ljBfyL{x¿ jf dhb'/ x¿ s;} n] klg lkmNd ;f] ;fO6L u7g ug{ ;S5g\ . To:tf ;f] ;fO6Lx¿sf aLr l;g] dfx¿sf] cfbfgk|bfg x'g ;S5 . o; cEof;n] l;g] df ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0fnfO{ ;xof] u u5{ . dflg;df l;g] df x] g] { afgLsf] ljsf; x'G5 . lkmNd ;f] ;fO6Ln] ug] { lgoldt jf clgoldt l;g] df k|bz{gaf6 dflg;x¿df l';g] dfk|lt ?lr hfU5 / pgLx¿ l;g] dfnfO{ Pp6f dxTTjk"0f{ snfsf ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug{ yfN5g\ . of] ;'?jftn] l;g] dfsf] :t/ f] Ggltsf nflu n] vs tyf lgb] {zsx¿nfO{ k|] l/ t u5{ . / fd|f l;g] dfn] ahf/ kfpF5g\ / ;dfhdf l;g] df :yflkt snfsf ¿kdf :jLsfo{ x'G5 . s] xL jif{otf g] kfndf

lkmNd ;f] ;fO6Lx¿ u7g x'g yfn] sf 5g\ . o:tf ;f] ;fO6Lx¿nfO{ l;g] df pknAw u/ fpg] / / fli6«o cGt/ f{li6«o l;g] df x] g] { afgLsf] ljsf; ug] { xf] eg] To;n] g] kfnL l;g] dfsf] gofF ofqfnfO{ ;3fpg ;S5 .

*= l;g] kqsfl/ tf Ml;g] kqsfl/ tfsf] klg cfkm\gf] bz{g x'G5 .

pxL ljifonfO{ km/ s bz{gsf sf/ 0f km/ s sf] 0faf6 ljZn] if0f ug{ ;lsG5 . To; ljZn] if0fsf] ;f] emf] k|efj k|ydtM bz{s jf ;dfhdf / låtLotM ;|i6fx¿df k5{ . s:tf] l;g] dfnfO{ k|f] T;fxg ug] { jf s:tf] nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug] { eGg] b[li6sf] 0fn] l;g] df pBf] unfO{ g} k|efljt u/ ] sf] x'G5 . To;} n] / ] l8of] kqsfl/ tf xf] ;\, 6] lnlehg kqsfl/ tf xf] ;\ jf 5fkfsf] kqsfl/ tf xf] ;\ ;a} n] ;dLIff ubf{ cfkm\gf] ;f} Gbo{ bz{g cg';f/ sf] , cfkm\gf] ljrf/ / b[li6sf] 0f cg';f/ sf] l;g] dfnfO{ k|f] T;fxg ug] { / lj/ f] wL ljrf/ jf z} nLsf l;g] dfnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug] { u/ ] sf x'G5g\ . To;} n] lhDd] jf/ kqsf/ ePg eg] To;sf] u} / lhDd] jf/ Lsf] c;/ l;ª\uf] rnlrq pBf] unfO{ g} k5{ . l;g] df If] q ;dfhdf ;Ddflgt x'g' jf gx'g'df, / fd|f l;g] df aGg' / gaGg'df, l;g] dfsf] ahf/ a9\g' jf 36\g'df tyf l;g] df ;+:s[lt :j:y ¿kdf x'ls{g' jf ljs[t aGb} hfg'df ldl8ofsf] e"ldsf x'G5 . o;tkm{ l;g] kqsf/ x¿ ;r] t x'g' h?/ L 5 . l;g] dfnfO{ xfdLn] ;fdflhs ;/ f] sf/ sf] ljifo agfpF5f} F ls of} g / / f] dfG;sf] ljifo agfpF5f} F < l;g] dfnfO{ PSsfOzf} F ztfAbLsf] d"Nojfg\ snfs[ltsf ¿kdf Jojxf/ u5f} F{ ls 3l6of :t/ sf] gfª\uf] ahf/ df kl/ 0ft u5f{} F < o; laGb'df kqsf/ hlt bIf x'g' cfjZos 5 TolQs} lhDd] jf/ x'g' klg cfjZos x'G5 . g] kfnL l;g] dfsf] ef] ln s:tf] b] Vg rfx] sf] xf] eGg] af/ ] df l;g] kqsf/ x¿ k|:6 x'g ;Sg'k5{ . l;g] dfnfO{ ;fdflhs ;/ f] sf/ sf] ljifo agfpg rfxg] x¿n] l;g] dfsf] ;fdflhstfnfO{ s] Gb|df / fv] / rrf{ ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 eg] l;g] dfnfO{ ;:tf] dgf] / ~hg agfpg rfxg] jf of} g / / f] dfG;sf] ljifo agfpg rfxg] n] ToxL ljifo / sf] 0faf6 l;g] dfsf] rrf{ u/ ] sf] x'G5 . kqsf/ x¿n] :jLsf/ u/ ] klg gu/ ] klg xfd|f] g] kfnL l;g] dfn] gofF ¿k k|fKt ug{ g;Sg'df s] xL xb;Dd l;g] kqsf/ x¿sf] e"ldsf klg w] / yf] / cjZo 5 . o;sf] cy{ s] xf] eg] g] kfnL l;g] dfnfO{ gofF prfOdf k'¥ofpg klg l;g] kqsf/ x¿sf] bfloTj / e"ldsf dxTTjk"0f{ x'G5 .

lgisif{ Mo;/ L x] bf{ aS; clkm;sf] :yfkgfn] g] kfnL

l;g] df pBf] unfO{ Jojl:yt / ;Ddflgt pBf] usf ¿kdf ;+:yfut ug] { b] lvG5 eg] xn–;'wf/ kl/ of] hgf, lkmNd ;f] ;fO6Lsf] u7g / lhDd] jf/ l;g] kqsfl/ tfn] gofF bz{snfO{ l;g] df xn;Dd k'¥ofpg ;xof] u ug] { b] lvG5 . / fli6«o rnlrq gLlt, l;g] df ;DaGwL kf7\oqmdsf] lgdf{0f / k7gkf7g tyf l;g] df Ps] 8] dLsf] u7gn] rnlrq pBf] unfO{ Pp6f af} l4s / lhDd] jf/ snfsd{sf ¿kdf :yflkt ub} { o; If] qk|lt k|ltefzfnL / ;Ddflgt hgzlQm pTkfbg ug{ ;xof] u ug] {5 . o;f] x'g ;Sbf g] kfnL l;g] df cfhsf] h:tf] l3;] lk6] cj:yfdf / xg] jf Oltxf; aGg] b'a} vt/ faf6 hf] luG5 / uf} / jzfnL ;f+:s[lts pBf] usf ¿kdf o;n] gofF kl/ ro lgdf{0f ub{5 .

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lzIffsf] efifflzIff kfpg ;'Gg}k5{ u'?sf] af]nLToxL lzIffn] 7"nf] dfG5] x'G5f}+ xfdL ef]ln .

rfnsnfO{ uf8Lh:t} afnsnfO{ lzIfflzIff kfPkl5 s] sf] dfUg' knf{ leIff .

lzIff kfpF5f}+ xfdLx?n] ljBfnoaf6lzIff x'g] ljBfyL{ xf], ;S5f}+ ug{ cfF6 .

lzIffn] g} k'ufpF5 xfdLnfO{ dflyolt eGb} labf dfU5' d em/gf ;fyL .

dfwj 9'ª\u]n

aS; clkm;sf] :yfkgfn] g] kfnL l;g] df pBf] unfO{ Jojl:yt / ;Ddflgt pBf] usf ¿kdf ;+:yfut ug] { b] lvG5 eg] xn–;'wf/ kl/ of] hgf, lkmNd ;f] ;fO6Lsf] u7g / lhDd] jf/ l;g] kqsfl/ tfn] gofF bz{snfO{ l;g] df xn;Dd k'¥ofpg ;xof] u ug] { b] lvG5 . / fli6«o rnlrq gLlt, l;g] df ;DaGwL kf7\oqmdsf] lgdf{0f / k7gkf7g tyf l;g] df Ps] 8] dLsf]

u7gn] rnlrq pBf] unfO{ Pp6f af} l4s / lhDd] jf/ snfsd{sf ¿kdf :yflkt ub} { o; If] qk|lt k|ltefzfnL / ;Ddflgt hgzlQm pTkfbg ug{ ;xof] u ug] {5 .

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k|e' dxf/fhsf] hGde"ld ?G6L, lqk'/]Zj/L dlGb/ v+'u|L, uh'nsf]6] b/af/, v'+u|Lsf]6 b/af/, h+sf]6sf] du/ /fhf b/af/, hnhnf ah'a/fx, h'Fuf/sf] lzju'kmf, rt'{e"h a|Dxn] tk:of u/]sf] :yn OToflb wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts uGtJo x'g\ . hnhnf, ;'g5x/L em/gf, laafª bx, pjfsf] hGt/] n]s OToflb kof{–ko{6gsf cfsif{0f x'g\ . o'4 ko{6gdf ;du| /f]Nkf / ljz]if ul/ yafª, ufd, h]nafª, c/]; -ln:g] n]s_, u'Drfn, efjfª -;'lsbx_, cf]tl:yt hggd'gf c:ktfn, xf]n]/Lnufotsf y'k}| :ynx? x'g\ .

dWoklZrdsf] / fKtLdf kg{] kxf8L lhNnf / f] Nkf ko{6g ljsf;df w] / } k5fl8 5 . oBlk bzs otf u|fdL0f ko{6gnfO{ k|a4{g ug{ s] xL k|oTgx? gePsf t xf] Ogg\ t/ ;fy{s aGg ;s] sf 5} gg\ . / fHosf] Go"g nufgL, lghL If] qsf] Wofg k'Ug g;Sg' / :yfgLodf ko{6g pBdLs/ 0fsf] cefjdf ko{6g k|a4{g x'g g;s] sf] xf] .

;/ sf/ L txaf6 ;g\ @)!! kl5 / f] Nkfsf] ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu ;fgf] ltgf] nufgL x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷&! sf] t'ngfdf ut jif{sf] nufgLsf] cf} ;t a9] klg k|ult pGd'v b] lvb} g . 7f] ; of] hgf / sfo{qmdsf] cefj;Fu} kof{Kt nufgL cefjdf ko{6g ljsf;sf] kfOnf lgs} ;':t 5 . :jb] zL tyf ljb] zL kfx'gfsf] vf] hLsf] uGtJo / f] Nkf eP klg ko{6gsf dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/ sf] ;d'lrt ljsf; / lj:tf/ x'g g;Sbf ko{6gn] ult lng g;s] sf] ljsf;sf hfgsf/ x? atfpF5g\ .

ko{6g pBdLs/ 0fsf nflu 7f] ; gLlt / sfo{of] hgf ePdf To;n] cfsf/ u|x0f ub{5 . bL3{sfnLg, cNksfnLg of] hgf lgdf{0f ul/ of] hgf / sfo{qmd lgdf{0f x'g ;s] ko{6g pBdLs/ 0fdf kl/ 0ffd xft kfg{ ;lsG5 . To;sf nflu ;} 4flGts?kdf ko{6gsf] ljifodf :yfgLo ;d'bfodf ;r] tgfd"ns hfgsf/ L x'g cfjZos x'G5 . ko{6sLo klxrfgkl5 kx'Fr / ;] jf ;'ljwfsf] ;xL ;"rgfsf] ljsf; ul/ g' kb{5 . olt dfq xf] Og, :yfgLo tyf / fli6«o dxTj / fVg] xfd|f] df} lns d"t{ of cd"t snf ;+:s[lt klxrfg pTkfbgsf j:t' jf ;] jfsf] k|j4{g x'g g;Sbf ko{6sLo j} ejtfx? cf] em] ndf k/ ] sf x'g\ . ;fdfGotof ko{6g x'gsf nflu cfwf/ e"t ?kdf cfsif{0f, kxF'r / ;] jf ;'ljwfx?sf] ljsf; x'g'k5{ . oBlk cfsif{0f ug{{] d"t{ of cd"t{ ;Dkbfx? -Tangible & Intangible Haritage_ klxnf] k|fyldstfdf kb{5 . To;sf] klxrfg ul/ ko{6sLo ;DefJotfsf] klxrfg / ;xL of] hgf lgdf{0f x'g g;s] kl5 ko{6g k|j4{gdf / f] Nkf kl5Nnf] nfOgdf b] lvPsf] pgLx?sf] dt 5 .

lsª\8d ckm du/ sNr/ n] kl/ lrt / f] Nkf / fKtL c~rnsf] Ps kxf8L lhNnf xf] . ;d'b|L ;txaf6 ;ft ;o Ps ld6/ prfOb] lv tLg xhf/ 5 ;o pGrfln; ld6/ cUnf] e"efudf km} lnPsf] 5– / f] Nkf . pRr kxf8L jg:klt, h+unL hgfj/ x?sf] af;:yfg / x] sf hnhnfsf cf;kf;sf 3gf h+un ko{6ssf nflu dlxgf} + / dfpg] :yfg x'g\ . ;du| / fKtLsf] b[iofjnf] sg ug{ dfq xf] Og, a;Gtdf km'Ng] cg] syl/ sf u'/ fF; / u[iddf km'Ng] a'sL km"nn] kfx'gfnfO{ n7\7} agfOlbG5g\ . jif{df tLg dlxgf lxpF hDg] hnhnf -w/ dkfgL_ / f] NkfnLx?sf] jL/ tf / ;f} o{tfsf] Oltxf; lgdf{0f u/ ] sf] dfq xf] Og, jt{dfg cjnf] sg ul/ / x] sf] x'G5 . u[iddf a'sLn] l;+ufl/ g] hnhnfsf 3fF;] d} bfg h:tf ;fgf–;fgf vf] +rx?n] kfx'gf;Fu n'sfdf/ L

v] Ng] ub{5g\ . olt dfq xf] Og hnhnf;Fu jL/ tfsf] Oltxf; ;fIfL ag] / sf] l/ Psf] 5 . / fhgL lts kl/ jt{gsf] ;fOgf] hf] l8Psf] hnhnf o'4 ko{6gsf] ultnf] uGtJo xf] . k|fs[lts ko{6g dfq xf] Og o'4 ko{6gsf] ;+s] Gb| ag] sf] / f] Nkfsf] hnhnf / To; cf;kf;sf du/ a:tLx? ;f+:s[lts ?kn] lgs} ;d[4 5g\ . oBlk 7f] ; of] hgfsf] kvf{Odf d"t{ of cd"t{ ;Dkbfx? x/ fpg] vt/ f al9/ x] sf] 5 . tL ;Dkbf / f] NkfnLsf] dfq xf] Og ;du| / fKtLaf;Lsf cd"No lglw eP klg ;+/ If0f / ;+a4{gsf] cefjdf x/ fpFb} hfg yfn] sf 5g\ .

/ f] Nkf ko{6sLo j} ejtfn] ;d[4 eP klg lhDd] jf/ lgsfodf x'g] x?sf] a] jf:tfsf sf/ 0f / f] Nkfdf ck] Iffs[t k|a4{gfTds sfd x'g g;s] sf] ;flxTosf/ / d] z ;'j] bL atfpg'x'G5 . / fKtL ;flxTo kl/ ifb\sf s] Gb|Lo ;lrj;d] t / xg'ePsf ;'j] bLn] eGg'x'G5, …/ f] Nkfdf wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts tyf o'4 ko{6g, k|fs[lts a} ejk"0f{ ko{6sLo uGtJox? y'k|} 5g\ .Ú kl5Nnf] r/ 0fdf / f] Nkfaf6 z'? ePsf] hgljb|f] xn] klg / f] NkfnfO{ ;+;f/ e/ kl/ lrt u/ fof] . k|frLgsfnaf6} df} h'b / x] sf tyf kl5Nnf] r/ 0fdf ylkPsf o'4ko{6gsf uGtJo k|z:t dfqfdf 5g\ . tyflk rfx] h:tf] ko{6gsf] ljsf; x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . ko{6gsf] ljsf;df g] kfn ;/ sf/ , g] kfn ko{6g af] 8{, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, oxfFaf6 k|ltlglwTj ug] { ;ef;bx?, / fhgLlts bn tyf gful/ s ;dfh ;a} sf] plQs} lhDd] jf/ L x'G5 . / f] Nkfdf ko{6gsf] ljsf;sf] nflu cfGtl/ s tyf afXo b'a} ah] 6n] ko{6gnfO{ k|fyldstf lbPh:tf] nfUb} g . ko{6gsf] nflu ;du| ko{6sLo uGtJox?sf] Kofs] hd} ljsf; / k|a4{gsf] nflu cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . o;sf] nflu ko{6g ljsf;sf] u'?of] hgf lgdf{0f u/ L To;} cg';f/ lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug{ ;s] ko{6gsf] ljsf;sf] kf+u|f] cl3 a9\g] pxfFsf] ljrf/ 5 .

hnhnfnfO{ s] Gb|ljGb' agfP/ / f] Nkfsf] ko{6sLo uGtJo / ToxfF;Dd k'Ug] ?6 lgwf{/ 0f, kfx'gfsf] ufF; af;, ;~rf/ OToflbsf] ljsf; ug{ cfjZos 5 . To;nfO{ cfwf/ dfg] / / f] Nkfdf ;8s ;~hfnsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 kl5Nnf] bzs otf . ko{6g ljsf;sf] Pp6f ultnf] k"jf{wf/ ;8s ePsfn] o;sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ lagf ko{6g k|j4{g ;Dej x'Fb} g . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt, ;8s ljefusf] ;8s lgdf{0fdf Wofg tflgPsf] 5 . xfn;Dd 5 ;o cG7fpGg lsnf] ld6/ ;8s / f] Nkfdf ag] sf] 5 . sl/ a krf; lsnf] ld6/ :t/ f] Gglt -sfnf] kq] _ ePsf] 5 .

Pp6f gu/ kflnsf / $( uflj; / x] sf] / f] Nkfdf xfn;Dd pjf uflj;afx] s ;a} uflj;df lxpFbdf ;jf/ L ;fwg u'8\g] u/ ] sf 5g\ . xf] n] / Lb] lv yafª;Ddsf] ;lxbdfu{ Ps ;o c7f/ lsld 5 . lnafª–3tL{ufpF #& lsld, ;'lnrf} / –km'nLag -yafª k'Ug] ;8s_ @& lsld, lnafª–xf] n] / L ^) lsld, xf] n] / L–;'kf{n !% lsld, df8Lvf] nf 3f] 8fufpF–;'kf{n

( lsld, ;'lnrf} / –h] nafª -zflGtufpF_ @^ lsld, ;'lnrf} / –ufd #^ lsld, v'+u|L–lnafª kSsL ;8s #* lsld ;8s la:tf/ ul/ Psf] 5 . o;n] e|d0f ug{ rfxg] :jb] zL tyf ljb] zL kfx'gfnfO{ ;8s ;'ljwf k|fKt x'g] 5 . oBlk vf] lnPsf ;8ssf] u'0f:t/ Lotf / lbuf] kgfdf ;d:of eg] afFsL g} 5 . ;"rgf / ;~rf/ df / f] Nkfdf tLg j6f ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|zf/ 0f x'g'sf ;fy} em08} bh{ghlt ;fKtflxs klqsfx? k|sfzgdf 5g\ . ;~rf/ k|ljlwdf / f] Nkfsf s] xL uflj;afx] s cGo ;a} df ;"rgfsf] kxF'rsf] la:tf/ ePsf] 5 . To;sf] lbuf] / u'0f:t/ Lotfsf] k|Zg afFsL g} 5 .

bfªsf] 3f] / fxLaf6 xf] n] / L, k|e' dxf/ fhsf] hGd:yn ?G6L x'Fb} ;'kf{naf6 3f] 8fufpF, v'+u|L, ;'lnrf} / –h] nafª clg csf{] ?6 pjf x'Fb} yafª, hnhnf, ;lxbufpF ld?n, s'/ ] nL, 3tL{ufpFaf6 xf] n] / L cfP/ / f] NkfnfO{ kmGsf] dfg{ ;lsG5 . oBlk ;] / dsf] km"nLjgsf] l;/ Sofª eL/ / f] Nkfsf] ;8s la:tf/ sf] r'gf} tL ag] sf] 5 . bf] >f] ?6df ;'lnrf} / b] lv lnafª x'Fb} 3tL{ufpF, ;lxbufpF ld?n clg P] ltxfl;s ufpF yafª k'Ug ;lsG5 . t] >f] df ;b/ d'sfd lnafªaf6 wafª x'Fb} hnhnf clg yafªsf] nflu k} bn ?6 lgwf{/ 0f ul/ e|d0fstf{nfO{ hnhnf yafª k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 .

/ f] Nkfsf] ;b/ d'sfd lnafª d'Vo gu/ xf] eg] blIf0fL / f] Nkfsf] gu/ xf] n] / L / k"j{sf] gu/ ;'lnrf} / / klZrd / f] Nkfsf] 3tL{ufpF / h'Fuf/ u|fdL0f gu/ x'g\ . oL gu/ x?df cfjf;sf] ;fdfGo ;] jf ;'ljwf 5 . To;} u/L / f] Nkfdf kl5Nnf] r/ 0fdf 3/ af; sfo{qmd z'? ePsf] 5 . h] nafª, yafª, df8Lrf} / / lnafªdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ tTsfnLg :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/ L lx/ fnfn / ] UdLsf] kxndf ko{6sLo :yfgsf] cjnf] sg u/ fOP klg xfn;Dd lnafª–* l:yt u'?ª ufpFdf sfo{qmdsf] s] xL kl/ 0ffd b] lvg yfn] sf] 5 . / f] Nkf k'Ug] kfx'gfx? u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] cEof; x'Fb} u/ ] sf] u'?ªufpFdf k'Ug] u/ ] sf 5g\ . u'?ª ;+:s[lt kl/ sf/ sf] :jfb kfx'gfn] lng] u/ ] sf 5g\, kfx'gfsf] rfk a9\b} 5 . oBlk cGo k|:tfljt ufpFx?df k|ult x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . k|ult x'g g;Sg'df d'Votof lhDd] jf/ x?sf] j] jf:tf / :yfgLosf] lg:qmLotf / x] sf] ko{6g;Fu rf;f] / fVg] x?sf] k|ltlqmof 5 .

ko{6gsf] csf{] tTj ;/ ;kmfO{df / f] Nkf clxn] lgs} cufl8 b] lvPsf] 5 . lhNnfe/ ;/ ;kmfO cleofg rn] sf 5g\ . ;g @)!% leq k"0f{ ;/ ;kmfOo'Qm lhNnf 3f] if0ff ul/ g] k|ltj4tf JoQm ul/ Psf] 5 . o;n] la:tf/ } kl/ 0ffd lbPsf] ;/ f] sf/ sfjfnfsf] bfjL 5 .

/ f] Nkfdf ko{6sLo a} ej eP klg lhDd] jf/ / fhgLlts bn / :yfgLo lgsfosf] vf;} Wofg k'Ug g;s] sf] :yfgLo Joj;foL ;f] d a'9fdu/ atfpg'x'G5 . ko{6gsf] If] qdf rf;f] / fVg] a'9fdu/ o'4;Fu k|ToIf hf] l8g'ePsf] 5 . o'4 ko{6g / ;f+:s[lts ko{6gdf

/ f] Nkf cAan eP klg bnsf g] tfsf] sfgdf atf; grn] sf] pxfFn] k|ltlqmof lbg'eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof] , …s] Gb|af6 cfpg] ah] 6 vr{ ug{] df tfgftfg x'G5 t/ l;h{gzLn sfddf g] tfx?sf] Wofg hfg ;Sb} g .Ú lhNnfdf PsLs[t of] hgf aGg] / ;f] xLcg';f/ sf sfo{qmd to ePdf :yfgLo Joj;foL gful/ s ;a} sf]

;xof] u / xg] a'9fdu/ sf] syg 5 ./ f] Nkf e|d0f ug{] kfx'gfn] ljz] if ul/ dfcf] jfbL

ljb|f] xsf] sf/ 0f / To;n] kf/ ] sf] k|efjsf] cWoog cjnf] sg, du/ ;+:s[ltn] ;DkGg / f] Nkfsf yafª, h+sf] 6, efafª, ld?n, h] nafª, pjfnufotsf cflbd du/ ;+:s[ltsf] :jfb lng ;S5g\ . / f] Nkfdf em08} $% k|ltzt du/ ;d'bfosf] afx'Notf 5 . du/ hLjgz} nL :yfgLo pTkfbg v] tL k|0ffnL, ;fd'bflos Pstf, ;fd"lxs efjgf cd"No lglw 5g\ . e|d0fstf{sf nflu lgs} dx+uf ljifo eP klg xfdLn] To;sf] k|j4{g / ahf/ Ls/ 0f ug{ ;s] sf 5} gf} + . hnhnf k'Ug] ko{6sn] pQ/ tkm{sf wjnflu/ L, k'yf l;:g] sf] cjnf] sg clg a'sL kf6gdf / dfpFb} dgf] / Ghg ug{ ;S5g\ . hnhnfsf] a] ;SofDk -v'6L_lt/ jiff{tdf uf] 7fnfn] ufOj:t' n} hfg] / b"w, bxL pTkfbg x'g] ub{5 . / f] Nkfsf] pRr kxf8L e"efudf ufOuf] 7 n} hfg] rng cem} k|rngdf 5 . lhljsf] kfh{gsf nflu dfq ul/ Psf] o:tf vfn] kz'kfng Joj;fosf] pBdLs/ 0f

hnhnf If]q

yafª ufpF

ljafª bx, ufd;'g5x/L em/gf

x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . ko{6g pBf] usf] ljsf; ug{ o:tf pBdnfO{ Joj;foLs/ 0f ug{ cfjZos 5 . hnhnf kxf8sf cf;kf;sf pRr kxf8L If] qdf rl/ r/ g ug{] ufOe} +;Lsf] b"w lgs} cuf{lgs ePsf] k'li6 ePsf] 5 . xfdLn] ko{6g of] hgf / ;f] xLcg';f/ sf] sfo{qmd agfpg ;s] sf 5} gf} + . hnhnf cf;kf;sf kxf8df kmNg] cfn'

lgs} cuf{lgs 5g\ . s[lifnfO{ k|j4{g ul/ s[lif ko{6gsf] ?kdf klg ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] eP klg Totftkm{ s;} sf] sfgdf atf; rn] sf] 5} g .

/ f] Nkfsf v'+u|L, 3f] 8fufpF / df8Lrf} / h:tf ;–;fgf a] zL If] q s[lifsf nflu pko'Qm :yfg x'g\ eg] df8L / n'+u|L h:tf hnfwf/ n] ;d[4 5 . pmhf{, ko{6g / s[lifsf] k|an ;Defjgf ePsf] / f] Nkf kfx'gfsf nflu plrt uGtJo xf] . k|e' dxf/ fhsf] hGde"ld ?G6L, lqk'/ ] Zj/ L dlGb/ v+'u|L, uh'nsf] 6] b/ af/ , v'+u|Lsf] 6 b/ af/ , h+sf] 6sf] du/ / fhf b/ af/ , hnhnf ah'a/ fx, h'Fuf/ sf] lzju'kmf, rt'{e"h a|Dxn] tk:of u/ ] sf] :yn OToflb wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts uGtJo x'g\ . hnhnf, ;'g5x/ L em/ gf, laafª bx, pjfsf] hGt/ ] n] s OToflb kof{–ko{6gsf cfsif{0f x'g\ . o'4 ko{6gdf ;du| / f] Nkf / ljz] if ul/ yafª, ufd, h] nafª, c/ ] ; -ln:g] n] s_, u'Drfn, efjfª -;'lsbx_, cf] tl:yt hggd'gf c:ktfn, xf] n] / Lnufotsf y'k} | :ynx? x'g\ .

g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 / f] Nkfsf k"j{pkfWoIf lx/ faxfb'/

3tL{du/ n] / f] Nkfsf] ko{6sLo ;Dkbfx? hf] ufpg s;} nfO{ rf;f] gePsf] / lhDd] jf/ lgsfodf ePsfx? ;xL of] hgf / sfo{qmd lgdf{0fdf r's] sf] atfpg'eof] . …7f] ; of] hgf agfP/ gLlt tyf sfo{qmd lhNnf:t/ df ag] sf] 5} gg\Ú, pxfFn] eGg'eof] , …clg s;/ L ko{6g ljsf;df k|ult x'G5 <Ú bzs nfdf] kqsfl/ tfsf] cg'ej lnPsf 3tL{du/ n] bnsf g] tfx? bLuf] ljsf;eGbf ah] 6 ;Sg] , ah] 6 sfo{qmd cfˆg} k|efj If] qdf n} hfg] xf] 8n] ;d:of ePsf] l6KK0fL ug{'eof] . ;dfg'kflts ljsf;sf] b[li6sf] 0faf6 of] hgf lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog eP ko{6g ljsf;df k|ult x'g] pxfFn] ck] Iff ug'{eof] .

o'4 ko{6g, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s ko{6g / kof{ ko{6gsf] uGtJo / f] Nkfsf] ko{6g ljsf;df / fHosf] nufgL cToGt} Go"g 5 . ut jif{df / f] Nkfsf] ko{6g k|j4{g ug{ $& nfv ah] 6 vr{ ePsf] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf ko{6g kmf] sn k;{g bLks 8fFuLn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] tf] lsPsf :yfgdf lhNnf ljsf;n] kxn u/ ] klg :yfgLoaf6 cln bafa gcfpgfn] klg sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/ L agfpg g;lsPsf] lhls/ ug{'eof] . pxfFsf cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷&! df 5 nfv ah] 6 lbPsf] ko{6g dGqfnon] ut cfjdf $& nfv lgsf;f ePsf] n] cfufdL lbgdf klg ;/ sf/ sf] nufgL clej[l4 x'g] ck] Iff ub{} cfufdL lbgdf gofF of] hgf / sfo{qmd lnP/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt cl3 a9\g] bfjL ug{'eof] .

bzs otf ef} lts ljsf;df s] xL ;sf/ fTds kl/ jt{g b] lvP klg s[lif ko{6gsf] If] qdf pBdLs/ 0f x'g g;s] sf] n] lhNnfdf PsLs[t of] hgf lgdf{0f u/L df} Hbft ;Dkbfx?sf] k|a4{g ub{} ahf/ Ls/ 0f ug{ ;s] / f] Nkfsf] ko{6g eljio /fd|f] / x] sf] ko{6g lj1x? atfpF5g\ .

;fª\uLlts If] qn] ;a} sf] dg lhTg ;s] klg ;fª\uLlts b'lgofFdf / Dg clg o;} If] qdf :yflkt x'g ;a} sf nflu ;lhnf] 5} g . t/ klg o; If] qdf nfUg] gjsnfsf/ sf] tfFtL 5 . s'g} klg Ps b'Oj6f uLt / ] s8{ u/ ] / ahf/ df Nofpg hf] sf] xLsf nflu ;lhnf] xf] nf t/ / fi6«sf] snfsf/ ag] / cfd >f] tfsf] dg–dgdf k:g lgs} s7Lg 5 . oxL sl7gfO;Fu kf} 7] hf] / L v] Nb} :yflkt x'g] klª\tdf l5g\ gj snfsf/ bfªsL nf] sbf] xf] / L uflosf e'ldsf lu/ L .

@)$( df bfªb] pv'/ Ldf a'jf x] d/ fh lu/ L / cfdf c~h' lu/ Lsf] ddtfdoL sf] vaf6 hlGdPsL e'ldsf kl5Nnf] ;do nf] sbf] xf] / L uLt ufogdf hd] / nfu] sL l5g\ . nf] s ufogsf] If] qdf ;fwgf/ t e'ldsf oxL If] qdf nfu] / of] b] zsf nflu s] xL ug{] b[9 ;+sNk lnP/ cufl8 al9/ x] sL l5g\ .

nf} sf rfVg] df} sf b] pm / Tof] lbnleq gfds rlr{t uLt lnP/ e'ldsf clxn] ;|f] tfdfem cfPsL l5g\ . oL b'O6} uLtnfO{ ;|f] tfn] cToflws dg k/ fPsf atfpFl5g\ uflosf lu/ L . ev{/ dfq} tLhsf] sf] z] nL gfds pgsf] gofF tLh uLt ahf/ df cfpFb} 5 . gofF tLh uLt oxL >fj0f !% ut] b] lv 6] lnlehgaf6 k|;f/ 0f x'g] pgn] atfOg\ .

To;f] t pgn] :6] h sfo{qmddf klg plQs} lx6 eP/ k|:t'lt b] vfpg] ul5{g\ / t :6] h sfo{qmddf klg pgL plQs} ?rfOPsL l5g\ . pgsf] a] hf] 8 ufog snf / g[Toaf6 k|efljt eP/ ljleGg

7fpFaf6 :6] h tyf ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdsf nflu ckm/ cfO/ x] sf] lu/ L atfpFl5g\ .

ufogdf dfq geP/ df] 8lnªdf klg plQs} bdbf/ b] lvPsL l5g\ pgL . Pp6f snfsf/ df :j/ dfq xf] Og p;sf] lhp8fn tyf :6] h k|:t'lt klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ x'g'k5{ eGg] pgsf] wf/ 0ff 5 .

s'g} klg :6] h k|f] u|fddf pgL :6] h r9\g] lalQs} pgsf] k|:t'lt x] / ] / hf] sf] xL bz{s d'Uw x'G5g\ . ;fg} b] lv g} g[To / ufogdf l;kfn' e'ldsfn] y'k|} k'/ :sf/ , ;Ddfg / k|z+;f a6'n] sL l5g\ . clg TolQs} dfqfdf bz{s tyf ;|f] tfx?sf] dfof klg kfPsL l5g\ .

sl/ a kfFr aif{ cl3b] lv g] kfnL ;fª\uLlts cfsfzdf pbfPsL nf] s bf] xf] / L uflosf e'ldsf xfn sf7df8f} +sf] b/ af/ / f] wL Snadf ;do lbO/ x] sL l5g\ .

/ ] l8of] g] kfnn] lnPsf] :j/ k/ LIffdf ptL0f{ ePsL lu/ L nf] s uLtsf] If] qdf clxn] ljs[lt lelqg nfu] sf] s'/ ftkm{ ;r] t tyf lrlGtt l5g\ . u'Go" / rf} aGbLdf ;lhg dg k/ fpg] e'ldsfn] oxL 8«] ;df cfd g] kfnLsf] ;b\efj n's] sf] atfpFl5g\ .

tLhsf] cj;/ df hfkfgsf] :6] h k|f] u|fddf hfg] clGtd tf/ tDo ldnfPsL uflosf e'ldsfn] hfkfgsf ljleGg 7fpFdf cfof] hgf x'g] y'k|} :6] hdf cfˆgf] k|:t'lt kl:sg] l5g\ .

k|:t'lt M s] z/ dfg la;L