இலங்கை மீதான இந்திய ஆக்கிரமிப்பு

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Njhoh; ghyd;

ntspaPLNjhou; gjpg;gfk;

Kjw;gjpg;G : [_d; 1> 2016

Ehy; jiyg;G : ,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

Ehy; Mrpupah; : Njhou;; ghyd;

ntspaPL : Njhou; gjpg;gfk;

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cupik : kf;fSf;F

tpiy : 25 (,e;jpa &gh)

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1. mzpe;Jiu 01

2. Kd;Diu 05

3. ,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G 07

4. ,yq;if murpaypy; ,e;jpahtpd; jiyaPL 12

5. ,yq;ifapy; ,e;jpahtpd;

nghUshjhu uPjpapyhd jiyaPL 16

6. ,yq;ifapy; ,e;jpahtpd; ,uhZtj; jiyaPL 43

7. ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;gpy; ,Ue;J tpLgLtJ vg;gb? 55

mzpe;Jiu

,yq;if ,e;jpahtpd; mbikj; Njrk;

,yq;if ,e;jpahtpd; xU khepyk; my;yJ mbikj;Njrk; vd;W ,e;jpag; ngU Kjyhspfspd; nghJg; Gj;jpahf khwptpl;lJ. ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J ,yq;ifiag; gpupf;fKbahJ> gpupf;f$lhJ vd;gJ jhd; ,e;jpahtpd; Gtpapay; rhu;e;j murpay; epiyg;ghL. ,jpy; rpq;fstu;> jkpou; vd;w ,d NtWghL ,y;iy.

,yq;if Mq;fpy fhydp Mjpf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpLjiyngWtjw;F Kd;Ng ,e;jpag; ngU Kjyhspfs; jq;fs; KjyPLfis mq;F epWtp ,Ue;jdu;.

,e;jpah Mq;fpy fhydp Mjpf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpLjiyg;ngw;wgpd; ,e;jpag; ngU Kjyhspfs; jd; mjpfhuj;ij mz;ilehLfsplk; epWtj; njhlq;fpdu;.

1954,y; ,e;jpah> rPdh> gu;kh> ,e;NjhNdrpah> ,yq;ifehLfspd; xUq;fpzg;gpy; “gQ;rrPyf; nfhs;if” cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.,jpy; mbg;gilf; nfhs;ifahf Mrpahtpy; cs;s xU ehL kw;wehLfis Mf;fpukpf;fhjpUj;jy;> kw;w ehLfspd; cs; rpf;fy;fspy;Eioahik> mikjpahd tho;Tf;fhf ,ize;Jg; NghuhLtJvd;w mbg;gilapy; gQ;rrPyf; nfhs;ifia eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ vd KbT nra;ag;gl;lJ. Mdhy; me;j nfhs;ifia,e;jpah mg;NghNj iftpl;Ltpl;lJ.

gQ;rrPyf; nfhs;ifapd; gpjhkfd; vd;W gPw;wpf;nfhs;Sk;,e;jpahtpd; NeU> jd;Ds; ciwe;J NghapUf;Fk; mjpfhuj;jpkpUk;> ,e;jpa Mjpf;f ntwpAk; ,e;jpahit gyk; kpf;f>mjpfhuk; kpf;f ehlhf cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w ntwp mtuplk;mjpfk;. mNj Neuj;jpy; rdehafk;> Nrhryprk; vd;w Njd; jltpangha;ahd nrhw;fs; Ngrp rpf;fpk;> G+l;lhd; Nghd;w ehLfisj;jd; ,uhZtg; gyj;jhy; ,e;jpahNthL ,izj;jhu;.

,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G 01

,e;Jf;fspd; Njrk; Neghsk; vd;W $wp ,e;jpahtpd;mbik ehlhf ,izf;f Kaw;rp ele;jJ> ,d;Dk; ele;Jf;nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwJ. Mdhy; Neghsj;ij ,e;jpahNthL,izg;gjw;F rPdh xU jilahf ,Uf;fpwJ. mNj Neuk;,yq;ifia ,e;jpahNthL Neubahf ,izf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy;<Lgltpy;iy. Mdhy; jd; mjpfhuj;ij njhlf;f fhyk; Kjy;epWtp tUfpwJ.

,yq;ifapy; ,e;jpahtpd; KjyPL 75%> mJ ,d;W tiuePbf;fpwJ. ,g;NghJ gy ehLfs; KjyPLfisr; nra;Js;sd.MdhYk; ,e;jpahtpd; Mjpf;fk; kl;Lk; Fiwatpy;iy vd;gij,e;E}y; giwrhw;WfpwJ. ,e;jpa Kjyhspfspd; ,yhgNtl;ilf;F rpq;fstu; jkpou; vd;w NtWghL ,y;iyvd;gijAk; Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpwhu;.

,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpf;F Njapiy cw;gj;jpKjd;ik ,lj;ij tfpf;fpwJ vd;why; kpifapy;iy. Mdhy;xt;nthU Njapiyr; nrbf;F mbapYk; xU jkpodpd; capu;Gije;Js;sij ,e;jpahtpy; thOk; jkpou;fs; mwpthu;fsh?

jkpofj;jpy; rpy Kl;lhs; jiytu;fs; nrhy;fpwhu;fs;,e;jpahtpd; ghJfhg;Gf;F Mgj;J rPdh %yk; Vw;glg; NghfpwJmjdhy; jkpoPo kf;fSf;F cjTq;fs; ekf;F fhg;ghf,Ug;ghu;fs; vd;W. jkpoPo kf;fis $yp Ml;fshf gad; gLj;Jk;jkpof (<dg;gpwtpfs;) jiytu;fis jkpoPo kf;fs; ek;GtJmurpay; mwpahik vd;W jhd; nrhy;yKbAk;.

,e;jpa muR jkpoPo kf;fis kl;Lkh gLnfhiynra;jhu;fs;? ,y;iy ,e;jpahtpy; fh];kPupfs;> rPf;fpau;fs;>ehfu;fs;> kzpg;G+upfs;> mrhkpau;fs;> jkpou;fs; ,g;gb ePs;fpwJgl;bay;. ,e;jpahtpd; nfhLq; iffs; nra;j nfhiyfs; tupirapy;,yq;ifapy; jkpou;fs;> rpq;fstu;fs; NtWghL ,y;iyvd;fpwJ ,e;E}y;.

,e;jpa muR jd; KjyPLfisf; fhf;f ahiuAk;> ve;j,af;fj;ijAk; mopg;gjw;F jaf;fk; fhl;bajpy;iy 1971 ,y;,yq;ifapy; Vw;gl;l N[.tp.gp Gul;rp ,af;fj;ij Nru;e;j Mwhapuk;Ngiuf; nfhiyr; nra;jJ ,e;jpa ,uhZtk;.

,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G02

1983 ,y; jkpo; ,af;fq;fSf;F MAjg; gaw;rp nfhLj;J>rf jkpo; ,af;fq;fis> rpq;fs kf;fisf; nfhiy nra;a jpl;lkpl;lijAk; 1987 ,y; ,e;jpa mikjpg; gil vd;w ngaupy;Mapuf;fzf;fhd jkpoPo kf;fisAk;> E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd ngz;fisg;ghypay; td;nrayhy; nfhy;yg;gl;lijAk; gjpT nra;Js;shu;.

NkYk; jkpoPog; gFjpfspy; gyhyp tpkhd epiyak;ePl;bg;G> rk;G+u; mdy;kpd; epiyak;> kpd;rhu xg;ge;jk;>fhq;Nfrd;Jiw rPnke;J njhopw;rhiy> ,e;jpa kUj;Jtkidfs;> jdpahu; gy;fiyf; fofk;> njhlu;tz;b ghijxg;ge;jk;> vl;fh xg;ge;jk;> kd;dhu; vz;nza; tsk;> fdpktsq;fis nfhs;isabf;f xg;ge;jq;fs; ,g;gb ,yq;if KOf;fmjpfhuj;ijAk; Mf;fpukpg;G nra;J tUtijAk;> njd; Mrpahtpd; Ngl;il uTbahf ,e;jpah tyk; tUtijAk; Mtzg;gLj;jp cs;shu;.

tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,af;fk; ,Uf;Fk; tiu jkpoPog;gFjpapy; ,tu;fshy; fhY}d;w Kbatpy;iy vd;gijAk;>Ks;sptha;f;fhy; Nghu; KbTf;F gpd; mq;F elf;Fk; khw;wq;fisAk;> kf;fSf;fhf NghuhLfpw ,af;fk; mopf;fg;gLk; NghJme;j kf;fspd; khz;GfSk; tpOkpaq;fSk; mopf;fg;gLk;vd;gJ vOjhj cyf ePjpahf khw;wp ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. Mk;> jkpoPokf;fspd; typfSk; Jauq;fSk; ve;j nrhy;ypYk; ehk; vOjptplKbahJ.

Njhou; ghyd; mtu;fSf;F Gypfs; kPJ jpwhda;Tcz;L. MdhYk; jkpoPo kf;fSf;fhf Nghuhba Gypfs; kPJmsg;gupa kjpg;Gk; cz;L vd;gij fPo; tUk; tupfspy; ghu;f;fKbAk;.

“,e;jpah vg;NghJk; jkpo; kf;fspd; eyDf;fhf ghLgl;LtUfpwJ. Gypfs; Kl;lhs; jdkhf ,uhrPt;fhe;jpiaf; nfhd;wjhy;jhd; ,e;jpah Gypfis mopf;f ,yq;if muRf;F cjtpaJ”vd;W rpyu; ,d;Wk; $l mg;ghtpj;jdkhf ek;Gfpwhu;fs;> Gypfs;,uhrPt; fhe;jpiaf; nfhy;ytpy;iy vd;whYk; ,e;jpa murhy;mopf;fg;gl;bUg;ghu;fs; vd;gNj cz;ikahFk;.


Vnddpy; Gypfs; jhq;fs; gykhf ,Uf;Fk; tiuapy;jkpo;g; gFjpapy; ,e;jpahNth my;yJ NtW ve;j ntsprf;jpfNshjkpo; gpuNjrq;fspy; tsq;fis Ruz;lNth my;yJ nfhs;ismbf;fNth mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;fpy; Gypfs;Kw;whf mopf;fg;gl;lJk; mg;gpuNjrq;fs; ahTk; ,e;jpahTf;Fjhiu thu;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jpypUe;J KO ,yq;ifiaAk;ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhfNt ,e;jpah Gypfis mopf;f ,yq;ifmuRf;F cjtpAs;sJ vd;gij czu;e;Jf; nfhs;s KbfpwJ.”

,e;j E}y; Mrpupau; ,yq;if kPJ ,e;jpah nghUshjhuuPjpahf vg;gb Mjpf;fk; nrYj;JfpwJ vd;gijAk; mjdhy; Vw;gLk;murpay; rpf;fy;fisAk; khu;f;rpa topapy; jPu;itAk; Kd;itj;Js;shu;. cyf kak;> jdpahu; kak;> jhuhs kak; vd;wmurpaiy cs;thq;fpf; nfhz;L> xLf;fg;gl;l> ciof;Fk;kf;fspd; tpLjiyf;F NghuhLk; ehk; midtUk; xU Gs;spapy;,iza Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,e;E}ypd; topahf Njhou; ghyd;Kd;itf;Fk; Nfhupf;if>

nrtpkLg;Nghk; ifNfhu;Nghk;... ed;wp !

Njhoh; jkpo;Nead;nghJr;nrayu;

jkpo;j;Njr kf;fs; fl;rp

nrd;id15.05.2016


Kd;Diu

,yq;ifj; jkpo; kf;fSf;F cjTtJ ,e;jpahtpd;Nehf;fk; my;y khwhf KO ,yq;ifiaAk; Mf;fpukpj;JRuz;LtNj mjd; Nehf;fk; vd;gij rpy cjhuzq;fs; %yk;Rl;bf;fhl;LtNj ,r; rpW gpuRuj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

,yq;ifapy; ele;J Kbj;j Aj;jj;jpy; mjpf gad; mile;jpUg;gJ ,e;jpah kl;LNk vd;gij Mjhuq;fNshL mk;gyg;gLj;JtNj ,r; rpW gpuRuj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

,j;jid moptpw;F gpd;Gk; $l ,j;jid moptpw;Fk;fhuzkhd ,e;jpahthdJ ,yq;;ifj; jkpo; kf;fSf;F cjTk;vd;W rpyh; $WtJ jkpo; kf;fSf;F ,iof;Fk; khngUk;JNuhfk; vd;gij Rl;bf;fhl;LtNj ,r; rpW gpuRuj;jpd;Nehf;fkhFk;.

"vl;fh" xg;ge;jj;jpw;F vjpuhf rpq;fs kf;fs; xd;Wgl;LNghuhl Muk;gpj;Js;shh;fs;. vdNt ,e; epiyapy; jkpo; kf;fSk;rpq;fs kf;fSld; xd;Wgl;L vjph;j;jhy; me;j Nkhrbahdxg;ge;jj;ij epiwNtw;w Kbahky; Nghfyhk; vd;w mr;rk;nfhz;l ,e;jpahthdJ jdJ iff;$ypfs; %yk; kPz;Lk;,e;jpa MjuTf; Nfhrq;fis jkpo; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; vOg;gKidfpwJ. jkpo; kf;fs; ,e;j ,e;jpa #o;r;rpf;F kPz;Lk;gypahff;$lhJ vd;W vr;rupg;gNj ,r; rpW gpuRuj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

,r; rpW gpuRuj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs; epiwNtw Ntz;Lk; vdtpUk;GfpNwd;. mJ kl;Lkd;wp ,yq;if kPjhd ,t; ,e;jpaMf;fpukpg;G Fwpj;J NkYk; gy vOj;Jfs; tUtjw;Fk;ciuahly;fs; elg;gjw;Fk; ,J top rikf;Fk; vd ek;GfpNwd;.


"xU <og; Nghuhspapd; ghh;itapy; Njhoh; jkpourd;"vd;Dk; ehd; vOjpa Ehypy; ,lk;ngw;w ",e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;Gk;Njhoh; jkpourdpd; jPh;f;f juprdKk;" vd;w mj;jpahak; jkpo;Njrkf;fs; fl;rpapdhy; ntspaplg;gLk; "tpLjiy mwk;" vd;Dk;khjhe;j rQ;rpifapy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. ,jidg; gbj;j gyh;mjid xU rpW gpuRukhf ntspapLk;gb Nfl;Lf;nfhz;ljw;F,zq;f ,r; rpW gpuRuk; ntspaplg;gLfpwJ.

,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; kpfTk; Njitahdjhf> mtrpakhdjhf fUjg;gLk; ,r; rpwpa gpuRuk; ntsptUtjw;F Cf;fKk;cjtpAk; mspj;j midtUf;Fk; ed;wpfs;.

Njhoh;. ghyd;01.05.2016,yz;ld;


,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G,yq;if ,d;W ghupa nghUshjhu neUf;fbf;F Kfk;

nfhLf;fpwJ. Aj;jk; KbT ngw;why; kf;fs; tskhf thoyhk; vdMl;rpahsh;fs; $wpdhh;fs;. Aj;jk; KbTw;W 7 Mz;Lfs; fope;Jtpl;l NghJk; gue;Jgl;l kf;fs; tho;tpy; ve;j khw;wKk;Vw;gltpy;iy. ,yq;ifapd; ,d;iwa nkhj;jf; fld; njhif850>000Nfhb &gh. vd;Wkpy;yhjthW kpfg; ngupa fld; Rikkf;fs; jiyapy; Rkj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;epiyapy; nghUl;fSf;fhd tl;b tupAk; 11 rjtPjj;jpy; ,Ue;J 15 rjtPjkhf mjpfupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jdhy; nghUl;fspd; tpiy kl;Lkd;wp Nghf;Ftuj;Jkw;Wk; Rfhjhuk; Nghd;wtw;wpYk; tpiy mjpfupf;Fk; mghak;Njhd;wpAs;sJ.

1977 Kjy; ,yq;if Ml;rpahsh;fs; midtUk; "jhuhskakhf;fy;" nghUshjhuf; nfhs;ifiaNa filg;gpbj;JtUfpd;wdh;. ,jdhy; kf;fs; ve;j tsKk; ngwtpy;iy. khwhfnjhlh;e;Jk; neUf;fbfisNa re;jpj;J tUfpd;wdh;. MapDk;,yq;if muRk; midj;J Vfhjpgj;jpa ehLfSk; ,e; etjhuhsthj nghUshjhu nfhs;iffis MokhfTk; mfd;w mstpYk;eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd tha;g;ghfNt ,e; neUf;fbapidgad;gLj;j Kidfpwhh;fs;. jhuhskakhf;fy; Clhf fpNuf;f ehLNjh;e;njLj;j Mgj;jhd ghijapNyNa ,yq;ifAk; gazpf;fnjhlq;FfpwJ.

,e;jpahTldhd th;j;jf xg;ge;jq;fs; ahTk; tzpfj;ijjhuskag;gLj;Jk; ,yq;if murpd; ghupa nraw;jpl;lj;jpd; xUgFjpjhd; vd;whYk;$l ,e;j xg;ge;jq;fs; %yk; ,yq;ifiatpl ,e;jpahNt mjpf gaidg; ngw;W tUfpwJ. ,e;jpahitg;Nghd;W mnkupf;fh rPdh Nghd;w ehLfSlDk; ,yq;ifxg;ge;jq;fis Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jNghJk; ,e;jpah kl;LNknghUshjhu uPjpahf kl;Lkd;wp murpay; uPjpahTk; ,uhZtuPjpahTk; ,yq;ifapy; mjpfsT Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jp tUfpwJ.,JNt ,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ.


1983fspy; ,e;jpa muR <og;NghuhspfSf;F gapw;rpnfhLj;jJ. MAjq;fs; nfhLj;jJ. gz cjtpAk; nra;jJ.jkpo;ehl;by; jq;Ftjw;F mDkjpAk; mspj;jJ. ,jdhy; <og;Nghuhspfs; mikg;Gfs; ngUk;ghyhdit ,e;jpa murpd; kPJngupJk; ek;gpf;if nfhz;ld. gq;fshNj]; cUthf cjtpnra;jJ Nghy; jkpoPok; cUthfTk; ,e;jpa muR cjtp nra;Ak;vd;W ,t; mikg;Gfs; ek;gpd. 1984 nghq;fYf;F ,e;jpa murpd;cjtpAld; jkpoPok; gpwf;Fk; vd;W “nlNyh" ,af;fk; gpur;rhuk;nra;jJ. jkpof jiyth;fSk; ,j;jifa ek;gpf;ifiatpijj;jhh;fs;. Mdhy; ,jw;F khwhf jkpofj;jpy; Njhoh;jkpourd; ",e;jpah xUNghJk; jkpoPoj;ij Mjupf;fhJ. ,e;jpamuR NghuhspfSf;F cjTtJ vd;gJ ,yq;if KOtijAk;jdJ Mf;fpukpg;gpd; fPo; nfhz;L tUtjw;Nf. gq;fshNjrpy;jdJ Nehf;fk; epiwNtwpaJk; vg;gb jhd; gapw;rp nfhLj;jNghuhspfis mopj;jNjh mNjNghd;W ,yq;ifapYk; jdJNehf;fk; epiwNtwpaJk; <og; Nghuhspfis ,e;jpa muRmopf;Fk;!" vd;Wk; $wpdhh;. (,e;jpa ef;riyl; Gul;rpfu,af;fj;ijr; Nrh;e;j Njhoh; jkpourd; 1984y; jkpo;ehLnghJTlikf;fl;rpia epWtp jkpo;ehL tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ijKd;ndLj;jth;. khf;rpa nydpdpa khNthapr rpe;jidfisjd; jj;Jt topfhl;bahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;lth;. ghuhSkd;w ghijiaepuhfupj;J MAjk; Ve;jpa kf;fs; Aj;jg; ghijia Kd;ndLj;jGul;rpahsh;. 1987 nrg;nlk;gh; Kjyhk; jpfjp jkpof murpd;csTg;gilapd; rjp %yk; nfhy;yg;gl;lhh;).

Njhoh; jkpourd; ,e;jpa muRgw;wp ,t;thW $wpaij mg;NghJ<otpLjiy mikg;Gfs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;stpy;iy. ,d;Dk; nrhy;tjhdhy; ,e;jpamuRf;F gae;J Njhoh; jkpourDld;njhlh;G nfhs;tijNa mt; mikg;Gfs;jtph;j;jd.


Njhou; jkpourd;

Mdhy; Njhoh; jkpourd; md;W $wpait ve;jsTcz;ikahdit vd;gij ,d;W fz;$lhfNt ehk;fz;Ls;Nshk;. Njhoh; jkpourdpd; ,e;j jPh;f;fjhprdf; $w;iw<og;Nghuhsp; mikg;Gfs; ahTk; md;W Vw;wpUe;jhy;,yq;ifapy; ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;igj; jtph;j;jpUf;fyhk;. ,e;jpamurpd; cjtpAld; ,yq;if muR Nkw;nfhz;l Ks;sptha;f;fhy; mopitAk;$l jLj;jpUf;fyhk; vd;Nw Njhd;WfpwJ.

,e;jpahtpy; Njhoh; jkpourd; Rl;bf;fhl;baJNghy; ,yq;ifapy;Njhoh; rz;Kfjhrd; mth;fSk; ,e;jpa muir ek;g Ntz;lhk;vd;W Nghuhsp ,af;fq;fsplk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhh;. ,e;jpah jkpo;kf;fspd; eyDf;fhf my;y khwhf jdJ eyDf;fhfNt,yq;ifg; gpur;ridapy; jiyapLfpwJ vd;gij mth;vLj;Jiuj;jhh;. (Njhoh; rz;Kfjhrd; ,yq;if fk;Adpl;fl;rpapd; jiytuhf ,Ue;jth;. ,th; ,yq;ifapy; khNthrparpe;jidfis mwpKfg;gLj;jpath;. ghuhSkd;w ghijia epuhfupj;J kf;fs; Aj;jg; ghijia Kd;itj;jth;. ,yq;ifapy;Gjpa [dehafg; Gul;rpf;fhf jd; tho;ehs; KOtJk;cioj;jth;). Njhoh;fs; jkpourd; kw;Wk; rz;Kfjhrd;MfpNahh; $wpaJ cz;ikjhd; vd;gij tuyhWep&gpj;Js;sJ.


Njhou; rz;KfjhrDk;> Njhou; khNthTk; ifFyf;fpf; nfhz;l NghJ

,th;fs; kl;Lkd;wp rpy Gul;fu mikg;GfSk; ,e;jpaMf;fpukpg;G mghak; Fwpj;J Rl;bf;fhl;bapUe;jd. mjpy; Fwpg;ghfjkpo;kf;fs; ghJfhg;G Nguit ,af;fKk; <oj; jkpoh;fSf;F,e;jpahthdJ ek;gpf;if el;rj;jpuk; my;y khwhf xU vjpupvd;W $wpaJ. mt;; mikg;igr; Nrh;e;j Njhoh; neg;nghypad;,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F vjpuhf ,e;jpa Gul;fu rf;jpfSld; [f;fpak;Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. ,jdhy; ,e;jpa csTg;gilahdJ jdJiff;$yp ,af;fkhd <Nuh]; mikg;G %yk; Njhoh;neg;Nghypaid 1986y; kiyafj;jpy; itj;J gLnfhiynra;jJ.

ele;J Kbe;j ePz;l Nghupy;

jkpoh;fs; epiwa ,oe;Js;shh;fs;.

Nghupy; ntd;wjhf jk;gl;lk;

mbf;Fk; ,yq;if muRk; $l

vijAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy.

Mdhy; ,e;j Nghupy; mjpf gad;

mile;jJ ,e;jpah kl;LNk.

,yq;;ifapy; epytpa ,d Kuz;

ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jp KO ,yq;if

iaAk; ,e;jpah Mf;fpukpj;Js;sJ.

,e;jpahtpd; 30tJ (mwptpf;fg;

glhj) khepykhf ,yq;if khw;wg;

gl;Ls;sJ. jw;NghJ ,yq;if

KOtJk; ,e;jpah nghUshjhu

Mjpf;fj;ij nrYj;jp tUfpwJ.

,jdhy; ,yq;ifapd; ,iwikf;F

Mgj;J Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. ,yq;ifapd;

,aw;if tsq;fis gfw; nfhs;is mbg;gjpYk;> jdJ

cw;gj;jpfSf;fhd tpahghur; re;ijia ,yq;ifapy;

mikg;gjpYk; ,e;jpah KO %r;rhf <Lgl;L tUfpwJ.


Njhou; neg;Nghypad; vdmiof;fg;gl;lkNdhfud;

,e;jpahtpd; gyte;jkhd Mf;fpukpg;gpd; Kd;dhy;,yq;if Ml;rpahsh;fs; kz;bapLfpd;wdh;. jkJ mjpfhuj;ijjf;f itj;Jf;nfhs;s khdq;nfl;l nraypy; <LgLk; jiytu;fshy; ,yq;ifapd; ,iwikf;F Mgj;J Vw;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,e;j,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;ig czh;tNjhL mjpy; ,Ue;J vg;gbtpLjiy ngWtJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J jkpo; rpq;fs kf;fs; midtUk; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;ba epiyapy; cs;sdh;. ,e;jpahtpd;jiyaPl;bd; fhuzkhf ,yq;ifapy; jpiukiwtpy; eilngWk;gy tplaq;fs; gw;wp ehl;L kf;fspy; ngUk;ghNyhUf;F njupahJ.,yq;if muR ,e;jpa muRld; nra;Ak; xg;ge;jq;fspd;tpguq;fs; Fwpj;J ,yq;if kf;fSf;F KOtpguKk; njuptpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. gj;jpupiffSf;F kl;Lky;y gy ghuhSkd;wcWg;gpdh;fSf;Nf ,J Fwpj;j tpguq;fs; mwpe;Jnfhs;s Kbatpy;iy. ,jdhy; ,yq;ifapy; ,e;jpahtpd; Mjpf;fk; vd;gJntWk; fw;gid vd vz;ZNthUk; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. NkYk;jkpofj;jiyth;fs; kw;Wk; mth;fsJ cwtpdh;fs; rpyh;,yq;ifapy; KjyPL nra;aTk; jkJ tpahghuq;fisngUf;fpf;nfhs;sTk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhy; jkpofj;jpy;,Ue;Jk; ,e;j ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;Gf; Fwpj;j nra;jpfs; ntsp-tuhky; ,Uf;fpd;wd.


,yq;if murpaypy; ,e;jpahtpd; jiyaPL

,e;jpa muR jkJ mz;il ehLfis mr;RWj;JtJk;jq;fs; typikia mq;fPfupf;Fk;gb me;ehLfis eph;g;ge;jpg;gJk;mJ nts;isf;fhudpd; fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghNj njhlq;fptpl;lJ. 1947 khh;r;rpy; Mrpa cwTfs; khehl;by; NeUNgRk;NghJ “vq;fs; mz;il ehLfs; vjw;nfLj;jhYk;[Nuhg;ghitj; jhd; Nehf;Ffpd;wd. fle;j fhyj;jpy; jq;fSf;Fmidj;ijAk; je;j ez;gh;fis (,e;jpahit) mitfs; kwe;JtpLfpd;wd" vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhh;. murpay; mjpfhuj;ij ifapy;ngw;w gpd; ,e;jpa Ml;rpahsh;fspd; ,e;j ‘ngupaz;zhj;ijf;Fzk;’ jiyKiw jiyKiwahf tsh;e;J tUfpd;wJ.

Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh; 1954y; ,e;jpah Mrpahtpy;gpugykhapUe;j murpay; jiyth;fSld; xU cld;ghl;bw;Fte;jJ. mg;Nghija rPdg; gpujkh; #vd;yha; ghz;Lq;khehl;bw;F gpNuuiz xd;iwf; nfhz;L te;jhh;. mjw;Nfw;g1954y; gQ;rrPyf; nfhs;if epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. tpj;jpahrkhdr%f Kiwfs; epytpa ehLfspy; tpNrlkhf Mrpa ehLfSf;fpilNaahd rftho;T> mikjp kw;Wk; el;Gwit fl;bnaOg;Gk;Nehf;fj;JlNdNa mjid mth; jahupj;jpUe;jhh;. xt;nthUehLk; Vida ehLfis Mf;fpukpg;gjpypUe;J jtph;f;Fk;nfhs;ifapy; epiyj;jpUg;gjw;fhf Mrpahtpd; khehnlhd;Wf;F,t;thwhd xU gpNuuiziaf; nfhz;Ltu Ntz;ba Njitme;j ehLfspd; jiyth;fSf;F ,Ue;jJ.

rPdg; gpujkh; #vd;yha;> ,e;jpag; gpujkh; NeU> gh;khtpd;gpujkh; CD> ,e;NjhNdrpag; gpujkh; Rfh;Ndh Nghd;wMrpahtpd; cah;kl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;j> me;je;j ehLfspd; Rje;jpug;Nghuhl;lj;jpw;Fj; jiyik jhq;fpa> Rje;jpuk; ngw;w gpujkh;fshf,Ue;j me;j jiyth;fspdhy;jhd; ghz;Lq; khehL $l;lg;gl;lJ.


rPdg; gpujkh; #vd;yha; mth;fspdhy; jahupf;fg;gl;lgpNuuiz #vd;yha;> NeU> CD MfpatupdJ gpNuuizahfghz;Lq; khehl;by; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. me;j gpNuuiziaRUf;fkhf $Wtjhf ,Ue;jhy; kw;w ehLfis Mf;fpukpf;fhjpUj;jy;> kw;w ehLfspd; cs; tptfhuq;fspy; jiyaplhjpUj;jy;>mikjpahd Rftho;Tf;fhf gQ;rrPyf; nfhs;ifia mKy;gLj;Jjy; Nghd;wtw;iw cs;slf;fpajhFk;;.

md;W ,yq;ifg; gpujkhf,Ue;j Nrh; N[hd; nfhj;jyhntymth;fSk; mk; khehl;by; fye;Jnfhz;bUe;jhh;. ,yq;ifapd;gpujkh; vd;w Kiwapy;nfhj;jyhnty khehl;by; ciuahw;wp tpl;L ,e;jpa gpujkh;NeUTf;F gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;jjdJ ,Uf;ifapy; nrd;Wmkh;e;jhh;. mg;NghJ "ePq;fs;me;j ciuia NgRtjw;F Kd;Vd; vd;dplk; fhl;ltpy;iy?"vd;W NeU nfhj;jyhntytplk;Nfl;lhh;. ,t;thW Nfl;ljd;%yk; gQ;rrPyf; nfhs;ifiaepiwNtw;wpa kz;lgj;jpNyNa,e;jpah mjid kPwp tpl;lJ.

,e;jpahTf;F mUfpy; rpf;fpk; vd;nwhU ehL ,Ue;jJ.,kakiyapy; Neghsj;jpw;F mUfpy; ,Ue;jJ. 1950y; rpf;fpk;ehl;bd; kPJ Nkyhjpf;f xg;ge;jj;ij jpzpj;jhh; NeU. [dehafg;gw;Ws;s ,e;jpah;fshNyNa fLikahf tpkh;rpf;fg;gl;l mt;xg;ge;jg;gb rpf;fpk; ,e;jpa ehl;bd; gpd;jskhf ,izj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. gpd; rpf;fpk; ,e;jpahtpd; khepykhf gyhj;fhukhf,izf;fg;gl;lJ.


gu;kh gpujku; CD> ,e;jpag; gpujku; NeU>ghfp];jhd; gpuku; myp>

,yq;ifg; gpujku; N[hd; nfhj;jyhnty

1949,y; G+l;lhd; ehl;bd; kPJ xU xg;ge;jj;ij jpzpj;jhh;NeU. ,e;jpahtpd; mDkjpAld; jhd; G+l;lhd; jdJ ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;ifia jPh;khdpf;f KbAk; vd tiuaWf;fpwJ mt;xg;ge;jk;.

jdJ je;ijapd; topapNy ele;j ,e;jpuhfhe;jp 1972y;gq;fhsNjRf;F gilfis mDg;gp ghfp];jhid Jz;lhbdhh;.ghfp];jhd; kPJk; rPdh kPJk; nfLgpb Nghh;fs; njhLg;gJk;>"re;jpf;f jahh;" vd rthy; kpul;ly;fs; tpLtJk; ,e;jpaMl;rpahsh;fspd; ,ilawhj gzpfspy; xd;W MFk;. njw;fhrpagFjp KOtjw;FNk Nfe;jpu Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jJ vd;WkTz;l;Ngl;ld; gpuGtpdhy; fUjg;gl;l ,yq;if kPJ mtuJ,e;jpa thupRfs; mf;fiw nfhz;bUe;jJ ,ay;ghdNj.,yq;ifapd; ,dg;gpur;rid Kw;wp ntbj;jNghJ mjid jkf;Frhjfkhf gad;gLj;jp ,yq;ifia jkJ Mjpf;fj;jpd;fPo;nfhz;Ltuj; jpl;lkpl;ldh; ,e;jpa Ml;rpahsh;fs;.

NeU> ,e;jpuhtpd; thuprhd ,uh[Pt; fhe;jp Ml;rpf;Fte;jJk; ,yq;if Mf;fpukpg;Gf;fhd jpl;lq;fs; njspthftiuaWf;fg;gl;L tpiue;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. jkpo;NghuhspfSf;F gz cjtp> MAj cjtp nfhLj;J tsh;j;;jJ>n[ath;j;jdh muir kpul;b gzpa itj;jJ> Mf;fpukpg;Ggilia ,yq;iff;Fs; Eiof;f mDkjp vLj;Jf; nfhz;lJ>jdJ csTg;gil "uh" %yk; NghuhspfSf;fpilapy; rz;iliacUthf;fpaJ> jq;fs; Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F gzpa kWj;j Nghuhspfs;kPJk; kf;fs; kPJk; Nghh; njhLj;jJ> ,itaidj;Jk; jpl;lkpl;lMjpf;f tp];jupg;Gthj Kaw;rpfspd; gFjpfNs.

,yq;if jiyth;fspy; kfpe;j ,uh[gf;r mth;fis rPdehl;bw;F rhh;ghdth; vd;Wk; mth; ,e;jpahTf;F vjpuhdepiyg;ghL nfhz;lth; vd;Wk; rpyh; rpj;jupf;f Kidfpwhh;fs;.,yq;ifapy; ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;ig kiwf;f KidNthNu ,g;gbrPd G+r;rhz;biaf; fhl;Lfpwhh;fs;.


Mdhy; mth;fs; vt;tsTjhd; jiyfPohf epd;whYk;kfpe;j ,uh[gf;rtpd; fhyj;jpy;jhd; ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G mjpfk;ele;jJ vd;w cz;ikia xUNghJk; kiwj;Jtpl KbahJ.nghJthf xU ehl;bd; mur jiyth; xUth; ntspehl;LJhJth;fis re;jpf;fr; nry;tjpy;iy. khwhf JhJth;fs; jhd;[dhjpgjpia re;jpf;fr; nry;y Ntz;Lk;. ,Jjhd; eilKiw.Mdhy; kfpe;j ,uh[gf;r [dhjpgjpahd clNdNa ,e;jpaJhJtiu mtuJ ,y;yj;jpy; nrd;W re;jpj;jhh;. gjtpNaw;wTld;JhJth; xUtupd; ,y;yj;jpw;Fr; nrd;w KjyhtJ ,yq;if[dhjpgjp kfpe;j ,uh[gf;rNt. ,t;thW Muk;gk; Kjy; jdJgjtpf;fhyk; KOtJk; kfpe;j ,uh[gf;r mth;fs; ,e;jpaMf;fpukpg;gpw;F ngupJk; cjtpa [dhjpgjpahfNt ,Ue;Js;shh;.


,e;jpa Kd;dhs; gpujku; kd;Nkhfd; rpq;>,e;jpag; gpujku; NkhbAld; kfpe;j ,uh[gf;r

,yq;ifapy; ,e;jpahtpd;

nghUshjhu uPjpapyhd jiyaPL

njd;fpof;fhrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; ,e;jpah xU gyk; tha;e;jehL. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s KjyhspfSk; mth;fsJ tu;f;fj;ijgpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;Ak; murhq;fKk;> mjd; mjpfhu th;f;fKk;>,e;jpah nghUshjhuuPjpapYk;> murpay;uPjpapYk; gyk; tha;e;jehlhf ,Ug;gijNa tpUk;Gfpd;wdh;. ,d;Dk; nrhd;dhy;,e;jpah xU ty;yurhf Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,th;fs; fdthfcs;sJ. ,th;fsJ ,e;jf; fdit edthf;f ,th;fsJcw;gj;jpf;fhd ghupa th;j;jf re;ijnahd;W ,th;fSf;FNjitg;gLfpwJ. vdNt jhd; ,e;jpah jd;idr; #oTs;sghfp];jhd;> gq;fshNj];> ,yq;if> Neghsk;> G+l;lhd;>khiyjPT Nghd;w ehLfs; kPJ Mjpf;f uPjpapyhdmOj;jq;fisf; nfhLj;J me;j ehLfspd; Clhf jdf;Fj;Njitahd fr;rhg; nghUl;fis ngw;Wf; nfhs;sTk; th;j;jfre;ijia Njbf; nfhs;sTk; Kaw;rp nra;fpwJ. ,jd; %yk;jdJ may;ehLfspy; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;j ,e;jpah KidfpwJ.njd;fpof;fhrpahtpy; xU Ngl;il uTbahf ,e;jpah jd;idepiy epWj;j Kay;fpwJ. ,e;jpahtpd; ngupa re;ijia kdjpy;nfhz;L ngupa uTbfshd mnkupf;fh> gpupl;ld;> gpuhd;]; Nghd;wty;yuR ehLfSk; ,jid mDkjpf;fpd;wd.

gyhyp epiya tp];jupg;G

2002Mk; Mz;L ,yq;if ghJfhg;Gr; nrayhsuhf,Ue;jth; jpU. x];bd; ngh;zhe;J. mth; "My Belt is White"vd;w Ehiy vOjpAs;shh;. mjpy; mth; gyhyp tpkhdepiyaj;ijr; nrg;gdpl ,e;jpah Kd;itj;j epge;jidfisf;Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. gyhyp tpkhd epiyak; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; cs;sJ.


vdNt jkpo; kf;fspd; eyDf;fhf ,e;jpah ,e;j cjtpiar;nra;a Kd;tUfpwJ vd;Nw gyUk; fUjf; $Lk;. Mdhy; ,e;jjpl;lj;jpw;F ,e;jpah Kd;itj;j epge;jidfs; xd;W$l jkpo;kf;fspd; eyDf;fhf Kd;itf;fg;gl;lit my;y. ,e;jpah jdJeyDf;fhfNt vijAk; nra;fpwJ vd;gij mg;gl;lkhf mitfhl;Lfpd;wd. ,e;jpah tpjpj;j KjyhtJ epge;jid NtW ehl;Ltpkhdq;fSf;F gyhypapy; mDkjp mspf;ff; $lhJ vd;gjhFk;.,e;j epge;jid 'vd;whtJ xU ehs; gyhyp tpkhd epiyak;ru;tNjr tpkhd epiyakhf khWk;” vd;w jkpo; kf;fspd;fdtpy; kz;iz ms;spg; Nghl;lJ. ,uz;lhtJ epge;jid,e;jpah Nfl;Fk; Neuq;fspy; ,e;jpahtplk; tpkhd epiyak;xg;gilf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;.

gyhyp tpkhd epiya mgptpUj;jp vd;w Nghu;itapy;tpkhd epiyaj;ij mz;kpj;j gFjp kf;fspd; fhzpfisepue;jukhf Mf;fpukpf;Fk; Vw;ghLfs; KOtPr;rpy; ,lk;ngw;WtUfpd;wd. ,jdhy; typ tlf;fpy; ,Ue;J ,lk;ngau;e;J 25tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf mfjp Kfhk;fspYk; cwtpdu;> ez;gu;tPLfspYk; tho;e;J tUk; Rkhu; 1>500 FLk;gq;fisr; Nru;e;jkf;fs; epue;jukhf jkJ epyq;fis ,of;Fk; epiy Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.gyhyp tpkhd epiyaj;Jf;fhf 1984k; Mz;L 665 Vf;fu; epyg;gug;G RtPfupf;fg;gl;lJ. jw;NghJ gyhyp tpkhd epiyak; 996Vf;fu; epyg;gug;igg; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

,e;epiyapy; mgptpUj;jp vd;w Nghu;itapy; kf;fs;tpUg;gj;Jf;F khwhf NkYk; E}w;Wf;fzf;fhf Vf;fu; epyq;fs;gwpNghfTs;sd. 246 kapypl;b tlf;F> 253 gyhyp Nkw;F> 256gyhyp tlNkw;F Mfpa %d;W fpuhkNrtfu; gpupTfspd; fPo;cs;s epyg;gug;Gf;fis tpkhd epiya tp];jupg;Gf;fhf RtPfupf;feltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;L tUtjhf mjpfhupfs; njuptpf;fpd;wdu;. ,e;jg; gFjpfspy; kPs;FbNaw tpUg;gk; njuptpj;J 1>500FLk;gq;fs; gjpTfis Nkw;nfhz;L fhj;jpUf;fpd;wd.


gyhyp tpkhd epiyaj;Jf;nfd Rkhu; 665 Vf;fu; gue;jepyg;gug;G Vw;fdNt cs;s epiyapy; cs;Shu; tpkhdg;Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;fhd mgptpUj;jpia ,Uf;Fk; epyg;gug;gpNyNkw;nfhs;s KbAk; vd jkpo; kf;fs; jug;gpy; fUj;Jf;fs; Kd;itf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wNghJk; mJFwpj;Jf; fz;Lnfhs;sg;glhky; epyr;RtPfupg;G Kaw;rpfs; njhlu;fpd;wd. ,yq;ifapy;cs;s Vida cs;Shu; tpkhd epiyaq;fSld; xg;gpLifapy;aho;g;ghz tpkhd epiyaNk ,uz;lhtJ kpf mjpf ePskhdXLghijiaf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. 2>305 kPw;wu; ePskhd XL ghijiagyhyp tpkhd epiyak; nfhz;Ls;sJ. jpUNfhzkiycs;Shu; tpkhd epiyak; 2>397 kPw;wu; ePs XL ghijAld;Kjyplj;jpy; cs;sJ. Vida midj;J tpkhd cs;Shu;epiyaq;fSk; mjw;Fk; Fiwthd msT kPw;wu;fs; J}uXLghijiaNa nfhz;Ls;sd.

ru;tNjr tpkhd epiyaq;fspy; xd;whd ,uj;kyhdtpkhd epiyak; ntWk; 2>000 kPw;wu;fs; ePskhd XLghijiaNa nfhz;Ls;sJ.


gyhyp tpkhd epiya tp];jupg;gpw;F vjpuhfaho;. typfhkk; kf;fspd; Nghuhl;lk;

mt;thwhapd; jw;NghJs;s 2>305 kPw;wu;fs; ePskhdXLghijiaf; nfhz;l gyhyp cs;Shu; tpkhd epiyaj;ijkf;fs; epyq;fis Mf;fpukpj;J tp];jupf;f Ntz;ba Njitvd;d vd;w Nfs;tp vOg;gg;gLfpwJ. ru;tNjrk; KOtJk; ,Ue;JjpdKk; 70 ,w;Fk; mjpfkhd tpkhdq;fs; te;J nry;Yk;gz;lhuehaf;f ru;tNjr tpkhdepiyak; 3>350 kPw;wu;fs;ePskhd XL ghijiaNa nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jDld;xg;gpLifapy; gyhyp tpkhdepiyaj;ij jw;NghJs;s ,lj;ijf;nfhz;Nl mgptpUj;jp nra;a KbAk;. ,e;epiyapy; mgptpUj;jpvd;w Nghu;itapy; ,e;jpahTf;fhf gyhypapy; Nkyjpfepyq;fis RtPfupf;f Kay;tJ Mf;fpukpg;G Nehf;fNk vdMa;thsu;fs; fUj;J ntspapLfpd;wdu;.

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rk;G+h; mdy;kpd; epiyak;

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rk;G+u; mdy; kpd;epiyaj;jpw;F vjpuhfg; goq;Fb kf;fshdNtlt ,d kf;fSk; NghuhLfpd;wdu;

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jkpo;j; Njrpaf; $l;likg;Gj;jiytu;fs; - rk;ge;jUk;>khit NrdhjpuhrhTk;

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,e;jpah jkpo; kf;fSf;F rk];b ngw;Wj; jUtjhfNthmy;yJ tlfpof;if ,izj;Jj; jUtjhfNth ,Jtiuvq;NfAk; $wtpy;iy. gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jr; rl;l %yj;jpy;toq;fg;gl;Ls;s nghyp]; kw;Wk; fhzp mjpfhuq;fisAk;$l,e;jpah ngw;W jUtjhf ,Jtiu $wtpy;iy. ,e;jpa muRrk];b jPh;Tf;F xUNghJk; MjuT mspf;ftpy;iy vd;WKd;dhs; khfhz Kjyikr;rh; tujuh[ngUkhs; mz;ikapy;njuptpj;Js;shh;. ,e;epiyapy; vg;NghNjh tug;NghFk; jPh;itf;fhl;b gj;J tUlkhf mfjp tho;f;ifapid mDgtpj;J tpl;Ljw;NghJjhd; jkJ tho;thjhuj;jpid fl;bnaOg;g KidAk;kf;fis khit Nrdhjpuhrh mjyghjhsj;jpy; js;sptplKidfpwhh;. ,d;Wtiu rk;ge;jh; ma;ahTk; khit NrdhjpuhrhTk; kf;fisg; ngupastpy; ghjpf;ff;$ba ,j;jpl;lk; gw;wp mg;gpuNjr kf;fsplNkh my;yJ rptpy; mikg;Gf;fSlNdh my;yJJiwrhu; epGzu;fsplNkh xU tpupthd fye;Jiuahly;fisr;nra;J KbntLf;f Kd;tuhjik jkpo;kf;fs; Fwpj;J mth;fs;nfhz;bUf;Fk; mf;fiw gw;wp re;Njfj;ij vOg;GfpwJ.

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nfhlthah fdpk tsk;

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,e;j ngWkjp kpf;f fdpktsj;ijAk; mfo;tjw;F,e;jpahTld; xg;ge;jk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. kfpe;j ,uh[gf;r jkpoh;epyj;ij kl;Lky;y jdJ nrhe;j gpuNjrj;ijf;$l ,e;jpahTf;Ff;nfhLj;Js;shh; vd;gij ,jd; %yk; mwpe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ.

fpupfe;ij fdpk tsk;

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fdpk tsq;fSk; mjw;fhd cupikfSk;

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kd;dhh; vz;nza;tsk;

nghJthf ve;j xg;ge;jkhf ,Ue;jhYk; 'nlz;lh;” tpl;Lmjpy; ,Ue;Nj njupT nra;tJ tof;fk;. ,Jjhd; cyfeilKiw. Mdhy; mt;tpjkhf ve;jtpj 'nlz;lh;” NfhuYk;,d;wp kd;dhupy; cs;s vz;nza;tsk; ,e;jpa nfahd; epwtdj;jpw;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.


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Nkhrbahd kpd;rhu xg;ge;jk;

mLj;J ,e;jpahtpypUe;J kpd;rhuj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhf xg;ge;jk; xd;W nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jpahtpd;nrd;idapy; ,Ue;J jD];Nfhb tiuf;Fk; gpd;dh; mq;fpUe;Jjiykd;dhh; tiuf;Fk; flYf;fbapyhd kpd;rhu 'Nfgps;',izg;G mikf;f cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 200 fp.kP tiu'Nfgps;' mikj;J mq;fpUe;J mEuhjGuk;> tTdpah Nghd;wgFjpfSf;F kpd;rhuk; toq;f jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jw;fhdnryT 450 kpy;ypad; nlhyh; vd kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jkpd;rhuf; 'Nfgps;' Clhf 1000 nkfhthl; kpd;rhuk; ,yq;iff;Fnfhz;L tug;glTs;sJ. ,e;jpahtpy; mJTk; jkpo;ehl;by; ngUk;kpd;rhug; gw;whf;fiw epyTk; ,t;Ntisapy; ,yq;iff;F 1000nkfhNthl; kpd;rhuk; nfhLf;f jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd;%yk; ,yq;if jdJ kpd;rhuj; Njitapy; 40 tPjk; ,e;jpahtpy;jq;fpapUf;Fk; epiy cUthfpd;wJ.


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vz;nza; tpepNahfk;

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gpd;dh; me;j xg;ge;jk; ,uj;Jr; nra;ag;gl;L,e;jpahtpypUe;J vz;nza; nfhz;Ltu mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e; epWtdk; jpupNfhzkiyapy; xU vz;nza;Rj;jpfupg;G epiyaj;ij epWtp tUfpwJ. mJ nraw;glMuk;gpf;Fk; NghJ ,yq;if muRf;F nrhe;jkhd Rj;jpfupg;Gepiyak; %lg;gLk; vd njupatUfpwJ. mt;thW epfOk;gl;rj;jpy; ,yq;if G+uhTk; vz;nza; tpepNahfk; xU ,e;jpaepWtdj;ijNa rhu;e;J ,Uf;Fk;. ,j;jifa ,yq;ifapd;eyDf;F tpNuhjkhd xg;ge;jj;ijAk; kfpe;j ,uh[gf;rtpd;muNr ,e;jpahTld; Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ.

fhq;Nfrd;Jiw JiwKfKk; rPnke;J njhopw;rhiyAk;

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mjdhy;jhd; gy Nghuhl;l mikg;Gfs; gy jlitfhq;Nfre;Jiw rPnke;J njhopw;rhiyapd; kPJ jhf;Fjy;fs;elj;jp mjid ,aq;fhky; nra;jd. Nghuhspfspd; jhf;Fjy;fspdhy; mJ %lg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; ,d;W ,e;jpa fk;gdpf;F me;jrPnke;Jj; njhopw;rhiy toq;fg;gl;L mjd;%yk; kPz;Lk;aho;Flhehl;bw;F Mgj;J Njhd;wpAs;s Ntisapy; mNj jkpo;jiyth;fs; ve;j vjph;g;Gk; njuptpf;fhky; ,e;jpahTf;F MjuTnjuptpg;gJ jkpo; kf;fSf;Fk; me;j kf;fs; thOk; kz;Zf;Fk;mth;fs; nra;Ak; kpfg;ngupa JNuhfk; MFk;.

jpf;fk; tbrhiy

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Gifapujg; ghij mikf;Fk; gzp

tlf;fpy; kl;Lky;y njw;fpYk;$l fhypapy; ,Ue;Jkhj;jiw tiuapyhd Gifapujg;ghij mikf;Fk; gzp,e;jpahtplNk toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. nlz;lh; NfhuhkNy ,e;jg;gzp ,e;jpahtplk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.


ePz;lfhy Fj;jifapy; toq;fg;gl;l tptrha epyk;

fpof;Fkhfhzj;jpy; jpupNfhzkiy khtl;lj;jpy; 675rJu fpNyhkPl;lh; gug;gsTs;s epyk; nghUshjhu tyak; vd;Dk;Ngupy; ,e;jpahTf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mNjNtis mEuhjGuk;> kjthr;rp> tTdpah Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; cs;s gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd Vf;fh; tptrha epyq;fs; ,e;jpa ngU KjyhspfSf;FFiwe;j Fj;jifapy; ePz;lfhy xg;ge;j mbg;gilapy; jw;NghJtoq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

,e;jpa ,wf;Fkjp

,yq;if th;j;jf re;ijia vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; ,e;jpag;nghUl;fNs mq;F epiwe;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,yq;ifapd;njhopw;Jiwapy; ngUksT ,e;jpahtpd; iftrNk ,Uf;fpwJ.Nkhl;lhu; irf;fps;> Ml;Nlh> NgUe;J Mfpad ,e;jpahtpypUe;Nj,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. jtpuTk; ngUk;ghyhd kUe;JtiffSk; ,e;jpahtpUe;Nj ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.

,e;jpa kUj;Jtkidfs;

mg;gNyh kUj;Jtkid Nghd;w ,e;jpa ngU kUj;JtkidfSk; ,yq;ifapy; jkJ fpisfis mikj;Js;sd.,e;j kUj;Jtkidfs; mjpf gzj;ij t#ypg;gJld; rl;ltpNuhj NkhrbfspYk; <LgLfpd;wd. ,e;j kUj;Jtkidfspy;eilngw;w rpWePuf Nkhrb fhuzkhf vl;L ,e;jpah;fs; ifJnra;ag;gl;L mth;fs; kPJ tof;Ffs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. me;jvl;L ,e;jpah;fSk; kpuPfdhtpy; mike;Js;s ntspehl;lth;jLg;G Kfhkpy; milj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;jdh;. Mdhy; mjpy;,Ue;J KjyhtJ re;Njfegh; jg;gp nrd;Wtpl;ljhfFw;wg;Gydha;Tg; nghyprhh; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; mz;ikapy;njuptpj;Js;sdh;.

jdpahh; gy;fiyf;fof mDkjp

,e;jpa jdpahh; gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;Fk; ,yq;ifapy;jdpahh; gy;fiyf;fofq;fis mikf;f mDkjp toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jd;%yk; ,Jtiu ,yq;ifapy; ,Ue;J te;Js;s,ytrf; fy;tpf;Fk; Mgj;J Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.


kPdth; gpur;rid

,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhuj;jpy; kPd;gpbj; njhopy; kpfKf;fpa gq;if tfpf;fpd;wJ. Ntiytha;g;Gk; tUkhdKk;toq;Fk; Jiw ,J. Vw;Wkjp %yk; me;epa nryhtzpAk;fpilf;fpwJ. kPd;gpb rhu;e;j gy Jizj;njhopy;fSk; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,yq;ifapy; Rkhu; 7 ,yl;rk; kf;fs; kPd;gpbJiwrhu; njhopiy tho;thjhukhff; nfhz;L tho;fpd;whu;fs;.,yq;ifapy; Njrpa kPd; cw;gj;jp 3>04>380 nkw;wpf; njhd;fs;(2014)> mjpy; ed;dPu; kPd; cw;gj;jp Nghf flypy; ,Ue;Jngwg;gLtJ 2>67>680 nkw;wpf; njhd;fs; (2014) Mf,Uf;fpd;wJ.

jkpoj;; Njrpaf; $l;likg;ghy; ,dthjf;fl;rp vdf;$wg;gLk; N[.tp.gpiar; Nru;e;j ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;tp[pjNfuj; jkpo; kPdtu;fSf;fhfg; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; Fuy;nfhLj;Js;shu;. xU ehisf;F 1>500 ,e;jpa Nwhyu; glFfs;,yq;iff; flYf;Fs; tUtijAk; mit tUlnkhd;wpw;F 864Nfhb &gh ngWkjpahd fly;tsq;fis #iwahLtijAk;mtu; Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shu;. ,jdhy; ,yq;if tlgFjp jkpo;kPdtu;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLtijAk; mtu; vLj;Jf;$wpAs;shu;.

tlgFjp jkpo; kPdtu; rq;fj; jiyth; jkpo;j; Njrpa $l;likg;Gjiytu; rk;ge;ju; ma;ahtplk; ;jkJ Fiwfis tpsf;fp kDf;

nfhLj;Js;shu;. ghuhSkd;wvjpu;f;fl;rp jiytuhd rk;ge;ju;ma;ah mtu;fs; ,Jtiu ,e;jjkpo; kPdtu;fSf;fhff; Fuy;nfhLf;ftpy;iy. tlkhfhzrigapy; kPd;gpbj;Jiw mikr;ruhf ,Uf;Fk; jkpouhd nldP];tud; mtu;fs; jkpo; kPdtu;fspd; mtyepiyf;F Fuy;nfhLf;ftpy;iy. khwhf ISIS

K];ypk; gaq;futhjpfisxLf;Fk;gb Fuy; nfhLf;fpwhu;.


N[.tp.gp. ghuhSkd;wcWg;gpdu; tp[pfNfuj;

,e;j kPdth; gpur;rid vd;gJ ,yq;ifapd; tlgFjpkPdth;fSf;F khj;jpukpd;wp ,e;jpahtpd; jkpof kPdth;fSf;Fk;Kf;fpa gpur;ridahFk;. Vnddpy; ,Jtiu 600 f;F Nkw;gl;ljkpof kPdth;fs; ,yq;if flw;gilahy; Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. Mdhy; ,yq;if ,e;jpa muRfs; ,e;j kPdth;gpur;idf;F jPh;T fhzhky; ,Oj;jbf;fpd;wd. ,yq;ifj; jkpo;kPdth;fs; jkpof kPdth;fSld; Neupilahf Ngr;Rthu;j;ijelj;jp ,g; gpur;ridia jPh;f;f tpUk;Gfpd;whh;fs;. Mdhy; ,e;jpamuNrh ,th;fSila re;jpg;ig epfotplhky; jLj;J tUfpd;wJ.Vnddpy; ngupa Nuhyh; Kjyhspfs; ,g; gpur;ridf;F jPh;TVw;gl;lhy; jkf;F tUkhdk; ghjpf;Fk; vd mQ;Rfpd;wdh;. b.Mh;ghY Nghd;w ,g; ngU Kjyhspfs; ,e;jpa muR kw;Wk; jkpofmurpy; nry;thf;F cs;sth;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. mth;fs; jkJnry;thf;fpd; %yk; jPh;T Vw;gl tplhky; jLf;fpd;wdh;. ,th;fs;,yq;if flypy; Mf;fpukpg;gjhy; ,th;fSf;fhf mg;ghtp ViokPdth;fs; rhfpd;wdh;. my;yJ ifJ nra;ag;gLfpd;wdh;.,Jtiu xU ngupa Nuhyh; KjyhspAk; Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gltpy;iy my;yJ ifJ nra;ag;gltpy;iy vd;gij ehk;ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

vl;fh (ETCA) xg;ge;jk;

Vw;fdNt ,e;jpahTf;Fk; ,yq;iff;Fk; ,ilapy; gyxg;ge;jq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mtw;wpy; gy xg;ge;jq;fs; kpfTk;,ufrpakhfNt itf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. mit Fwpj;J kf;fshy;ve;j tpguq;fSk; mwpa Kbahky; cs;sJ. ,e;epiyapy; "vl;fh"vd;w xU xg;ge;jj;ij nra;aTs;sdh;. ,t;nthg;ge;jk; Vw;gl;lhy;,yq;if ,e;jpahtpd; xU khepykhfNt khwptpLk; mghak;cs;sJ.

fle;j kfpe;j uh[gf;r fhyj;jpy; "rPgh" vd xU ,yq;if,e;jpa xg;ge;jk; nfhz;L tu Kaw;rp nra;ag;gl;lJ. kf;fspd;fLk; vjph;g;ghy; mJ iftplg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ vjph;f;fl;rp jiy-tuhf ,Ue;j uzpy; tpf;fpukrq;f ,J ,yq;ifapd; eyDf;Fvjpuhd xU Nkhrkhd xg;ge;jk; vd;Wk; ,jidf; nfhz;LtuxUNghJk; mDkjpNahk; vdf; $wpdhh;.


Mdhy; mth; ,d;W Ml;rpf;F te;jJk; mjidtplNkhrkhd "vl;fh" xg;ge;jj;ij Vw;gLj;j Kide;J tUfpwhh;."vl;fh" vd;W miog;gJ ,yq;if ,e;jpa th;j;jf kw;Wk;njhopy;El;g cld;ghl;L xg;ge;jj;jpd; RUf;fkhFk;.

1998,y; ,e;jpahtpw;Fk;,yq;iff;Fk; ,ilNaxU RahjPd xg;ge;jk;ifrhj;jplg;gl;lJ. mJfle;j 16 tUlq;fshfeil Kiwapy; cs;sJ.,e;jpah xU ngupare;ij. ,yq;if xUrpwpa re;ij. ,yq;ifapd; ehshe;j re;ij 30yl;rk; MFk;. mNjNtis ,e;jpahtpd;ehshe;j re;ij 30NfhbahFk;. MfNt,e;j xg;ge;jk; %yk;,yq;iff;F ngupagad;kpf;f re;ij fpilf;Fk; vdf; $wg;gl;lJ.,t;thW $wp Nkw;gbxg;ge;jk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

2000k; Mz;by;,yq;if ,e;jpa th;j;jfngWkjp 650 kpy;ypad;nlhyh; MFk;. xg;ge;jj;jpd; gpd;dh; 2014 ,y;,e;j th;j;jf ngWkjp4>600 kpy;ypad; nlhyu; fshf MfpaJ.


vl;fh xg;ge;jj;jpw;F vjpuhf N[.tp.gpntspapl;l gpuRuk;

,jpy; ,yq;ifapd; gq;F 625 kpy;ypad; nlhyh;. kPjp,e;jpahtpdJ MFk;. mjhtJ ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J ,yq;iff;F,wf;Fkjpahd nghUl;fs; 3>950 kpy;ypad; nlhyh; MFk;.xg;ge;jk; %yk; ,yq;iff;F gad; fpilf;Fk; vdf; $wg;gl;lJ.Mdhy; mjpf gaid ,e;jpahNt ngw;W tUfpwJ. xg;ge;jk;%yk; rkr;rPh; mw;w th;j;jfk; eilngWfpwJ.

xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,e;jpah rpy tupr;rYiffis mspj;jpUe;jNghjpYk; ,yq;ifapdhy; mjd; gaidg; ngw Kbatpy;iy.mjw;F fhuzk; ,e;jpah NtWtpjkhd eilKiwfisg;gpd;gw;WtjhFk;. Fwpg;ghf ,e;jpa murpay; eph;za rl;lg;gbmjd; gpuhe;jpa muRfs; RahjPdkhf tup tpjpg;Gfisnra;tjhFk;. cjhuzkhf jkpo;ehL muR nghUs;,wf;Fkjpapd;NghJ 21% tupia tpjpf;fpd;wdJ. mjdhy;,e;jpa muR tupr;rYif mspe;jpUe;jNghjpYk; ,yq;ifg;nghUl;fis jkpo;ehl;by; ,wf;Fkjp nra;J tpw;gid nra;aKbahJ. mNjNghd;W ,yq;ifapd; Kf;fpa vw;Wkjpg;nghUshd NjapiyAk; ,e;jpa re;ijapy; tpw;f Kbahj epiycs;sJ. ,yq;if Njapiy ,e;jpa Njapiyiatpl cah;e;jufkhapDk; ,e;jpa re;ijia mila Kbatpy;iy. Vnddpy;nfhr;rpd;> fy;fj;jh Mfpa JiwKfq;fSf;F khj;jpuNk Njapiy,wf;Fkjp nra;a ,e;jpa muR mDkjpj;Js;sJ. Mdhy; me;jgpuNjrq;fspy; Njapiy cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wgbahy; ,yq;ifNjapiyia ,wf;Fkjp nra;tij mg; gpuNjr kf;fs; vjph;f;fpd;wdh;. ,jdhy; ,yq;ifapdhy; ,e;jpa re;ijapy;Njapiyia tpw;f Kbahky; cs;sJ. ,t;thwhd fhuzq;fspdhy; xg;ge;jj;jpdhy; vjph;ghh;j;j ed;ikfs; ,yq;iff;Ffpilf;ftpy;iy. khwhf ,e;jpah ,yq;if re;ijiaMf;fpukpj;jJ khj;jpuNk eilngw;wJ.

,yq;iff;F njhiytpy; cs;s ehL mnkupf;fh.mnkupf;fhTld; ,yq;if ve;j th;j;jf xg;ge;jKk; nra;Jnfhs;stpy;iy. Mdhy; ,yq;ifapd; vw;Wkjpapy; 25%

mnkupf;fhTlNdNa eilngWfpwJ.


mNjNghy; ,q;fpyhe;Jk; ,yq;iff;F njhiytpy; cs;sxU ehlhFk;. mjDlDk; ,yq;if ve;j th;j;jf xg;ge;jKk;nra;atpy;iy. Mdhy; ,yq;ifapd; Vw;Wkjpapy; 10%

,q;fpyhe;JlNdNa eilngWfpwJ. ,t;thW vt;tpj xg;ge;jKk;,d;wp njhiytpy; cs;s ehLfSld; ,yq;ifapd; Kf;fpath;j;jfk; eilngWfpwJ. Mdhy; ,yq;ifapd; may;ehlhd,e;jpahTld; xg;ge;jj;Jld;; 6% Vw;WkjpNa eilngWfpwJ.vdNt cz;ikapy; ,yq;iff;F ghjpg;ghd ,e;j xg;ge;jk;ePf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ jpUj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy;,yq;if muR ,ijtpl Nkhrkhd "vl;fh" xg;ge;jj;ijNkw;nfhs;s KidfpwJ.

,jw;fpilNa Nritj;JiwiaAk; cs;slf;Fk;tifapy; Gjpa "vl;fh" xg;ge;jj;jpy; nra;a KaYfpd;wdh;. md;Wre;jpupf;fh FkhuJq;f mth;fs; xg;ge;jj;jpd; %yk; ngUk;ed;ikfs; ,yq;iff;F fpilf;Fk; vd;whh;. ,d;W uzpy;tpf;fpukrpq;fTk; "vl;fh" gw;wp mijNa $Wfpwhh;. fle;jfhymDgtj;jpd;gb xg;ge;jk; ,e;jpahtpw;F ,yq;ifr; re;ijiaifg;gw;w tha;g;G je;j mNjNtis ,yq;if Kd;dh; ,Ue;jre;ijiaAk; ,oe;jpUg;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.

,e; epiyapy; Gjpa "vl;fh" xg;ge;jj;jpy; xU Nritxg;ge;jj;ijAk; nra;tjw;F Kay;fpd;wdh;. ,J ,yq;iff;Fghupa mopitAk; neUf;fbiaAk; vjph;fhyj;jpy; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;NghfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpd; ciog;Nghh; Msdp 50 NfhbahFk;.,yq;ifapd; ciog;Nghh; Msdp 80 ,yl;rk; MFk;. ,e;jpamurpd; juTfspd;gb ,e;jpahtpy; 7% njhopy; mw;Nwhh;. mjhtJ3.70 Nfhb kf;fs; njhopy; mw;W ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. ,J,yq;ifapd; rdj;njhif Nghd;W ,uz;L klq;F MFk;.,e;jpahtpy; tUlhe;jk; 30 yl;rk; gl;ljhupfs; cUthfpd;wdh;.Mdhy; 1940,ypUe;J ,d;Wtiu ,yq;ifapy; cUthfpagl;ljhupfspd; vz;zpf;if ,jdpYk; FiwthdJ. vdNt ,e;epiyapy; ,yq;ifapd; Ntiytha;g;Gfis ,e;jpah;fSf;Fjpwe;Jtpl;lhy; vd;dthFk;?


xU ,e;jpa gj;jpupifapy; ntspte;j jftypd;gbmz;ikapy; 365 jghy; gpNahd; ntw;wplq;fSf;F tpz;zg;gk;Nfhug;gl;lNghJ 23 ,yl;rk; Ngh; tpz;zg;gpj;Js;sdh;.mth;fspy; 1 yl;rj;J 16 Mapuk; Ngh; gl;ljhupfs;. 29 Mapuk; Ngh;gl;l Nkw;gbg;G gbj;jth;fs;. 250 Ngh; fyhepjpg; gl;lk;ngw;wth;fs;. Mdhy; mt; Ntiyf;F Nfhupa jifik vOjthrpf;fTk;> rapf;fps; XlTk; njupe;jpUj;jhy; NghJkhdJ.,jd;gb ,e;jpah ve;jsT njhopy; mw;Nwhh; cs;s ehL vd;gJnjspthfpd;wJ.

jfty; njhopy;El;g Jiwapy; ,e;jpah kpfTk;Kd;NdwpAs;sJ vd;gJ cz;ikjhd;. mnkupf;f> gpupj;jhdpamT];Nuypa ehl;L jfty; njhopy;El;g fk;gdpfspy; cah;gjtpfspy; ,e;jpah;fNs njhopy; ghh;f;fpd;wdh;. MfNt vkJehl;bd; jfty; njhopy; El;g(IT) Jiwapd; Nkk;ghl;bw;Fk;,e;jpahtpd; cjtpiag; ngwNtz;Lk; vd;gJk; rupjhd;. Mdhy;,e;jpahTld; Nrit xg;ge;jk; nra;jhYk; ,g; gpuptpdh;,yq;iff;Fs; tukhl;lhh;fs;. Vnddpy; ntspehl;bw;FnjhopYf;fhf nry;gth;fs; vjph;ghh;f;Fk; rpy tplaq;fs; cz;L.xd;W mjpf rk;gsk;. ,uz;L gps;is fspd; fy;tp. %d;W rpwe;jRfhjhu kw;Wk; kUj;Jt Nrit. ehd;F Rje;jpuk;.

,yq;ifapd; fy;tp ,e;jpahtpd; fy;tpia tpl rpwe;jepiyapy; ,y;iy. vdNt ve;j ,e;jpah;fs;; gps;isfspd;fy;tpf;fhf ,yq;if tUthh;fs;?

,yq;ifapd; Rfhjhu kw;Wk; kUj;jt Nrit rpwe;jJvd;W $wKbahJ. ,yq;ifapd; Rfhjhu mikr;rNu jdJrpfpr;irf;F rpq;fg;G+h; kUj;Jkidf;F nry;fpwhh;. vdNt ve;j,e;jpah; Rfhjhu kw;Wk; kUj;Jtj;jpw;fhf ,yq;if tUthh;fs;?

,yq;ifapd; Rje;jpuKk; ghuhl;Lk; gbahfNth,e;jpahittpl rpwe;jjhfNth ,y;iy. vdNt ve;j ,e;jpah;fs;Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhf ,yq;if tu tpUk;Gthh;fs;?

MfNt cah; jfty; njhopy; El;gj; jifik cs;s,e;jpah;fs; ,yq;iff;F tu tpUk;g khl;lhh;fs;. mth;fs;vg;NghJk; Nkw;fj;jpa ehLfSf;F nry;yNt tpUk;Gthh;fs;.vdNt ,yq;iff;F tuf;$bath;fs; kj;jpa juj;jth;fNs.


mth;fSf;F ,e;jpahtpy; njhopy; cs;sJ. vdNtmth;fSk; ,yq;iff;F tug;Nghtjpy;iy. mg;gbahdhy;,yq;iff;F tUgth;fs; fPo; kl;lj; jfik cs;sth;fNs.mth;fs; ,yq;iff;F tUk;NghJ ,yq;ifah;fSld; rk;gsk;gw;wp Nguk; NgRth;. mth;fs; Fiwe;j rk;gsj;jpw;F njhopy; GupaKidthh;fs;. ,jdhy; ,yq;ifah;fs; ngWk; rk;gsq;fs;FiwAk; my;yJ mjpf rk;gsk; ngwKbahj #o;epiycUthFk;. ,jdhy; ,yq;ifapy; cs;s jpwikrhypfs; ehl;iltpl;L ntspNaw Kidthh;fs;. MfNt ,e;j xg;ge;jk;%isrhypfspd; ntspNaw;wj;jpw;Fk; fhuzkhf mikag;NghfpwJ.

xg;ge;jk; %yk; ,e;jpa %yjdk; ,yq;ifapy;CLUTfpwJ. mij ,yq;ifapd; MSk; th;f;fk; ,Ufuk; ePl;btuNtw;fpd;wJ. ,J Mq;fpNya fhydpj;Jt fhyj;ijtpl mjpfstpy; ,yq;if kf;fis Ruz;LfpwJ.


,e;jpag; gpujku; Nkhb kw;Wk; ,yq;ifg; gpujku; ,uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;f

,yq;ifapy; ,e;jpahtpd; ,uhZtj; jiyaPL

,e;J rKj;jpug; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; cs;s Vida ehLfs; kPJMjpf;fk; nrYj;JtNj jdJ nfhs;ifahf ,e;jpahnfhz;bUf;fpwJ. mJ ,yq;ifapy; fhy;gjpf;f jUzk; ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. Kjd; Kjyhf 1971Mk; Mz;L ,yq;ifapy;Vw;gl;l N[.tp.gp fpsh;r;rpia mlf;f ,uhZtuPjpapy; ,e;jpahjiyapl;lJ. 2>000 ,e;jpa ,uhZt tPuh;fs; te;J md;iwarpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;fhtpd; muRf;F cjtp Gupe;jhh;fs;.mth;fs; nfypnfhg;lh; %yk; Fz;L tPrp 6>000 ,w;F Nkw;gl;lN[.tp.gp fpsh;r;rpahsu;fisf; nfhd;W Ftpj;jhh;fs;. N[.tp.gpfpsu;r;;rpia vjph;nfhs;s Kbahky; gpd;thq;fpa ,yq;if,uhZtj;jpw;F ,e;jpa ,uhZt tUifAk; mth;fsJN[.tp.gp.f;F vjpuhd jhf;FjYk; ngupJk; cjtpfukhfmike;jJ. ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; ,yq;if muRf;F cjtpapUf;fhtpbd; N[.tp.gp.apdh; ,yq;ifia ifg;gw;wpapUg;ghh;fs; vd;Nwmd;W Ngrg;gl;lJ.

1983,y; ,yq;ifapy; ele;j ,df;fytuj;ij ,e;jpahmjd; gpuhe;jpa Nkyhjpf;f nfhs;ifia eilKiwg;gLj;jjdf;F fpilj;j xU re;jh;g;gkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lJ.jkpoh;fSf;F cjtp nra;tJ vd;w Nghh;itapy; jd; nfhbafuq;fis ,yq;if Nehf;fp ePl;baJ. 1983Mk; Mz;L ,df;fytuj;jpd; gpd;dh; jkpo; NghuhspfSf;F ,e;jpah gapw;rptoq;fpaJ. ,e;jpa csTg;gilapd; %yk; MAjk; toq;fpaJ.MAjk; Ntz;Lk; vd;why; mg;ghtp rpq;fs kf;fisf; nfhy;Yk;gb ,e;jpa csTg;gil tw;GWj;jpaJ. gpd;dh; Nghuhsp mikg;GfSf;fpilNa rNfhjug; gLnfhiyfis mJ cUthf;fpaJ.,t;thW jkpof> rpq;fs kw;Wk; jkpo; kf;fspilNaNghuhspfSf;F ,Ue;j ey;y kjpg;ig mJ jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfLj;jJ.


1987Mk; Mz;lstpy; ,yq;if ,e;jpaxg;ge;jj;ijaLj;J mikjpg;gil vd;w ngaupy; xU ,yl;rj;J,Ugjpdhapuk; ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; ,yq;iff;F te;jJ. jkpo;kf;fSf;F cjTtjw;fhf te;jjhf $wg;gl;l ,e;jpa ,uhZtk;jkpo; kf;fis Mapuf; fzf;fpy; nfhd;W Ftpj;jJ. mth;fsJclikfis Nrjg;gLj;jpaJ. gy Ehw;Wf;fzf;fhd jkpo;ngz;fisg; ghypay; ty;YwT nra;jJ. ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;NjhLxg;gpLifapy; ,yq;if ,uhZtk; Nky; vd;W epidf;Fk;mstpw;F kpfTk; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; mJ kpfg;ngupa mopTfisNkw; nfhz;lJ. "600 ,w;F Nkw;gl;l jkpo; ngz;fis ,e;jpa,uhZtj;jpdh; ghypay; ty;YwT nra;jdh;. 79 taJ%jhl;biaf;$l mth;fs; ghypay; ty;YwT nra;Js;sdh;" vd;Wmg;NghJ gpujkuhf ,Ue;j gpNukjhrh ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; njuptpj;jpUe;jhh;.

8>000 ,w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l mg;ghtp jkpo; kf;fisAk; 500,w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l NghuhspfisAk;1>200,w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ,e;jpauhZt tPuh;fisAk; gypapl;LRkhh; 5>400 Nfhb Ugha;f;Fk;mjpfkhd gzj;ij nryT nra;J,uz;liu tUlq;fshf elj;jpa,e;j Aj;jj;jhy; ,e;jpa ,uh[Pt;muRf;F vd;d Mjhak; vd;wNfs;tpf;F ,uh[Ptpd; Coy; ,ufrpaq;fis jpir jpUg;gNt ,e;j Aj;jk;vd;whh;fs; rpyh;. ,uh[Pt;MNyhrfh;fs; rpyh; jUk; jtwhdjfty;fNs fhuzk; vd;whh;fs;,d;Dk; rpyh;. n[ath;j;jdhtpd;rhJupakhd #o;r;rpNa fhuzk;vd;whh;fs; NtW rpyh;. Mdhy;,th;fs; midtUk; xU Kf;fpakhd tplaj;ij kwe;Jtpl;lhh;fs; my;yJ kiwj;J tpl;lhh;fs;. ,e;jpa Ml;rpahsh;fspd;Mjpf;f tp];jupg;Gthj eyd;fSk;> gpuhe;jpa Nkyhjpf;f eyd;fSk; jhd; ,e;j nfhba Mf;fpukpg;G Aj;jj;jpd; jPh;khdfukhdgpd;dzp vd;w tplak;jhd; mJ.


,uh[Pt; fhe;jpahy;mDg;gg;gl;l ,e;jpa

Mf;fpukpg;Gg; gil ,yq;ifkf;fshy;

tpul;babf;fg;gl;lJ.

1965,y; ghfp];jhd; kPJ ,e;jpah njhLj;j Nghh; 22ehl;fs; eilngw;wJ. gpd;dh; 1971,y; tq;fNjrj;ij cUthf;felj;jpa Nghh; 14 ehl;fs; eilngw;wJ. Mdhy; 1987,y; xU,yl;rj;J ,Ugjpdhapuk; tPuh;fSld; ,yq;if te;j ,e;jpauhZtk; ,uz;liu tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf Nghh; elj;jpaJ.,e;j ePz;l Nghupd; %yk; njd;fpof;fhrpahtpd;cs;tptfhuq;fis jPh;j;Jitf;Fk; kj;jpa];jd; vd;fpw murpay;ghj;jpuj;ijAk; ,g; gpuhe;jpa ty;yuR vd;fpw ,uhZt murpay;ghj;jpuj;ijAk; ,e;jpah epiy epWj;jpf;nfhz;lJ.

,e;jpag; gilfs; ,yq;ifapy; ,Ue;j Ntis ,e;jpantspAwTj;Jiw mikr;R ",e;jpag; gilfs; ,yq;ifapy;jq;fpapUg;gnjd;gJ ,e;jpahtpd; maYwTf; nfhs;iff;FVuhskhd gad; tpistpf;ff; $bajhFk;. ,jd; %yk; ,e;jpahXh; gpuhe;jpa ty;yurhf ,WjpahfTk; cWjpahfTk; gupzkpj;Js;sJ. ,e;jpahtpd; gpuhe;jpa kw;Wk; rh;tNjrpa murpayhirepiwNtw;wj;jpy; ,J Xh; jpUg;GKid" vd;W njuptpj;jJ. ,e;jpa,uhZtj; jsgjp "kaph;f; $r;nrwpAk; Xh; #oypy; ehk; tho;e;Jnfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;. ,e;jg; gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; tuyhw;iw khw;Wk;nraypy; ehk; <Lgl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;" vd;W njuptpj;jhh;.

,yq;if ,e;jpa xg;ge;jk; ifnaOj;jplg;gl;l mLj;j rpykzp Neuq;fspNyNa mnkupf;fh ntspg;gilahf tuNtw;WMjupj;jJ. by;ypapy; ,Ue;j mnkupf;f Jhju; “,e;jpahTf;F taJte;Jtpl;lJ. ,yq;ifg; gpur;ridapy; ,e;jpa muR vLj;jepiyg;ghl;lhy; mJ jd;id xU gpuhe;jpa ty;yurhf khw;wpf;nfhz;Ltpl;lJ. mnkupf;f muR ,e;jpa murpd; ,e; epiyg;ghl;il KO %r;rhf Mjupf;fpwJ" vd;whh;. ,u\;ah Kjypy; rw;Wjaq;fpdhYk; gpd;dh; mJTk; xg;ge;jj;ij Mjupj;J fUj;Jntspapl;lJ. rPdh $l xg;ge;jj;ij fz;bg;gjw;Nfh ,e;jpamurpd; ,uhZt jiyaPl;il vjph;g;gjw;Nfh Kd;DupiknfhLf;ftpy;iy. ghfp];jhd; xg;ge;jk; Fwpj;J %r;R tpltpy;iy.fhkd;nty;j; ehLfSk; [Nuhg;gpa nghUshjhu r%fKk;xg;ge;jj;ij Mjupj;J ,e;jpa murpd; jiyaPl;bw;F mq;fPfhuk;toq;fpd.


,yq;if ,e;jpa xg;ge;jj;ij Neghs muR tpkh;rpj;jNghJ "gf;fr; rhh;G vLf;f Ntz;lhk;" vd ,e;jpah kpul;baJ.Neghsk; rPdhtplkpUe;J tpkhd vjph;g;G gPuq;fpfis nfhs;tdTnra;a Kad;w Ntis ",dp Nky; rfpj;Jf; nfhs;s KbahJ"vdTk; ,e;jpah vr;rupf;if nra;jJ. epjp mwpf;ifapy; 17 rjtpfpjj;jpw;F Nky; ,uhZtj;jpw;F xJf;Fk; ,e;jpah> Mz;L NjhWk;Nfhbf;fzf;fhd &gha;fis ty;yuRfsplkpUe;J MAjq;fisthq;fpf; Ftpg;gjw;fhf nrytpLk; ,e;jpah> mUfpy; cs;srpd;dQ; rpW ehlhd Neghsj;ij ,t;thW gaKWj;JfpwJ.,e;jpah Neghsj;ij kl;Lky;y jdJ ngupa vjpup ehlhdghfp];jhidAk; mJ kpul;baJ. "xU ,yl;rk; gil tPuh;fs;,yq;iff;F mDg;gg;gl;Ltpl;ldNu vd thyhl;l Kaw;rpf;fNtz;lhk;. vy;iyapy; vt;tpj kpul;liyAk; rkhspf;f ,e;jpahjahuhf ,Uf;fpwJ" vd;W ,e;jpa ,uhZtj; jsgjp vr;rupf;ifnra;jhh;. Nehgsk;> ghfp];jhd; Nghd;w may; ehLfSf;F tpLj;jkpul;ly;fspy; ,Ue;J ,e;jpah ,yq;ifapy; Nkw;nfhz;lMf;fpukpg;ghdJ ed;F jpl;lkpl;l xU nray; vd;gij tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s KbfpwJ.

,yq;if ,e;jpa xg;ge;jj;ijaLj;J ,e;jpah Nkw;nfhz;l gpuhe;jpa Nkyhz;ikia ,e;jpa MSk; th;f;fq;fs;KOikahf tuNtw;W Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sd. ghujPa [djhKjy; ,lJ tyJ (jpupGthj) fk;adp];Lfs; tiu jkpo; kf;fspd;xg;Gjy; ,d;wp xg;ge;jk; Nkw;nfhz;L mjd; mbg;gilapy; jkpo;kf;fisf; nfhd;W Ftpg;gjw;fhd ,e;jpahtpd; jFjpia ahUk;Nfs;tp Nfl;ftpy;iy. "cs;ehl;by; Njrpa ,d xLf;FKiw.ntspapy; tp];jupg;G" vd;fpw ,e;jpa gpuhe;jpa ty;yuRf;Nfhl;ghl;il ,e;jpaj; juF Kjyhspa rf;jpfs; midj;Jk; xNuFuypy; Mjupj;jik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. Gul;fur; rf;jpfisAk; XupU[dehaff; Fuy;fisAk; jtpu midj;J fl;rpfSk; ,e;jpaMf;fpukpg;igAk; mjd; ,uhZt jiyaPl;ilAk; mq;fPfupj;Js;sd. juF Kjyhspa rf;jpfs; midj;Jk; xj;j Fuypy;,j;jifa MjuT epiyg;ghl;il vLg;gij tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sxg;ge;jk; %yk; ,e;jpah ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; murpay;> ,uhZt>nghUshjhu eyd;fis ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.


1. murpay;> ,uhZt eyd;fs;

(m) ,yq;ifapd; ntsp cwTfspy; fl;Lg;ghL nrYj;Jk; cupik

(M) xyp> xspgug;Gfis fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; cupik(,) jpupNfhzkiy jsj;jpd;kPJ fl;Lg;ghL.

,e;jpahtpd; eyDf;F vjpuhd me;epag; gilfs; vjidAk; mDkjpf;ff; $lhJ vd;w fl;Lg;ghL

(<) ,yq;if ,uhZtj;jpw;F gapw;rp mspf;Fk; cupik

(c) ,yq;if ,uhZtk; kPJk; ,ju ehLfSldhd ,uhZt cwTfs; kPJk; fl;Lg;ghL

2. nghUshjhu eyd;fs;

(m) ,e;jpa nghUl;fspd; Vw;Wkjpf;fhd jilfs; ePf;fg;gLk;

(M) jpupNfhzkiy vz;nza;f; Fjg; gzp xg;ge;jk; Gj;Japh;g;G nra;ag;gLk;. ,jd; nray;ghLfspYk; ,yhgj;jpYk; ,e;jpahtpw;F fl;Lg;ghL.

(,) Rkhh; 400 Nfhb &gh mstpyhd eph;khzg; gzpfs; ,e;jpahtpw;F toq;fg;gLk;.

(<) kPd;gpb> vz;nza; Ma;T> Mw;wy; Jiw Mfpatw;wpy; ,e;jpahTf;F tha;g;G mspf;fg;gLk;

(c) ,yq;if jpl;lf;FO kw;Wk; cah; tq;fp mjpfhupfSf;F gapw;rp mspf;Fk; cupik %yk; ,yq;if nghUshjhuj; jpl;l tFg;gpy; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk; tha;g;G

(C) cjtp vd;fpw mbg;gilapy; ,e;jpa ,uapy; ngl;bfs; kw;Wk; ‘mNrhf; Nyyz;L’ NgUe;Jfs; Vw;Wkjp nra;jy;.

,t;thW ,e;jpa xg;ge;jk; jkpo; kf;fspd; eyidtpl,e;jpa eyidNa mjpfk; nfhz;bUe;jikapdhy; jkpoPotpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,af;fk; ‘xg;ge;jk; xU mbikr; rhrdk;|vd;Wk; ‘mjd; %yk; te;j ,e;jpa mikjpg;gil xU Mf;fpukpg;Ggil| vd;Wk; mwptpj;jhh;fs;. mj;NjhL ‘filrp ,e;jpa ,uhZttPuidAk; ntspNaw;Wk;tiu jkJ Aj;jk; XahJ| vd;Wk;$wpdhh;fs;.


,yq;if ehl;bd; cs;tptfhuq;fSs; Mztj;Jld;jiyia ePl;ba ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;ghsh;fs; rh;tNjr epajpfiskPwpa fPo;j;jukhd Nghiu jkpo; kf;fs; kPJ elj;jpdhh;fs;.aho;g;ghzj;jpy; 10 jkpoUf;F 1 ,e;jpa ,uhZt tPuh; vd;w tpfpjj;jpy; gilfisf; Ftpj;j gpwFk; $l jkpo; kf;fspd; tPuk;nrwpe;j Nghuhl;lj;ij ,t; Mf;fpukpg;ghsh;fshy; eRf;f Kbatpy;iy. ‘,uz;L ehspy; KbT fl;LNthk;’ vd;W $wp Aj;jj;ijMuk;gpj;jth;fs; ,uz;L tUlkhfpAk; KbT fhz Kbahky;jtpj;jhh;fs;. ‘xU Njrpa ,dj;ij mjd; nrhe;j kz;zpy;ve;jnthU ty;yurhYk; Njhw;fbf;f KbahJ’ vd;w tuyhw;Wcz;ikia jkpo; kf;fs; jkJ Nghuhl;lj;jpd; %yk;ep&gpj;jhh;fs;.

,yq;if ,e;jpa xg;ge;jk; Nkw;nfhz;l fhyfl;lj;jpy;,e;jpahtpy; tuyhW fhzhj twl;rp epytpaJ. twl;rpahy; jhdpacw;gj;jp 2.7 Nfhb ld; Fiwe;jpUe;jJ. twl;rpia rkhspf;f,e;jpa muRf;F Nkyjpfkhf 2>500 Nfhb &gh Njitg;gl;lJ.xuprh khepyj;jpy; Ehw;Wf;F Nkw;gl;Nlhh; gl;bdpahy; nrj;jdh;.fh;ehlf> Me;jpuh khepyq;fspYk; tWikapd; nfhLik jhq;fKbahky; tptrhapfs; jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhz;lhh;fs;.tpiythrp 14 rjtpfpjk; mjpfupj;jpUe;jJ. gz tPf;fk; gj;J rjtpfpjj;ij jhz;bapUe;jJ. ,e;j #oypy; jhd; mikjpg;gilf;Fjpde;NjhWk; MW Nfhb &gha;fs; mjhtJ khjk; xd;wpw;F 180Nfhb &gh tPjk; ,uz;liu tUlq;fshf nkhj;jk; 5>400 Nfhb&ghit ,e;jpa muR nryT nra;jJ. ,J gw;wp ,e;jpa muNrhmy;yJ ,e;jpa vjph;f;fl;rpfNsh ftiy nfhs;stpy;iy.Vfhjpgj;jpaq;fspd; MrpNahL gpuhe;jpa ty;yurhf ,e;jpahkhwpapUg;gjd; tpisthf Kjw;fl;lkhf gypahfp ,Ug;gth;fs;,yq;if kf;fs;. mLj;jJ ,e;jpa kf;fs;. khngUk; twl;rp>gl;bdpr;rhTfs;> tpiythrp Vw;wk; Nghd;w ,e;jpa kf;fspd;Jd;gq;fis ,yq;if kPjhd Mf;fpukpg;G ,ul;bg;ghf;fpAs;sd.,jdhy; ,e;jpa kf;fs; kPJ Nkyjpf Rik Vw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ.


,yq;if Mf;fpukpg;gpd; %yk; ,e;jpa muR jd;id‘njw;fhrpahtpd; nghyp];fhudhf’ epakpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.,e;jg; ngUikf;fhfTk; ,jdhy; fpilf;Fk; Mjhaq;fSf;fhfTk; ,e;jpa muR ,d;Dk; Mapuf;fzf;fhNdhiu nfhiynra;aTk; Nfhbf; fzf;fhd &ghitr; nrytopf;fTk; jahuhf,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;jpa ehl;by; Vuhskhf nfhs;isabf;Fk; mnkupf;fkw;Wk; Vfhjpgj;jpaq;fSf;Fk; ,J KOj; jpUg;jpNa.njd;dhrpahtpy; ntspg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,e;jpa Nkyhz;ikapdhy;gadilag; Nghfpwth;fs; %d;whk; cyf ehLfisj;jq;fSf;Fs; gfph;e;J nfhz;Ls;s Vfhjpgj;jpaq;fSk; mtw;wpd;Vn[d;Lfshf tpsq;Fk; cs;ehl;L juF Kjyhspth;f;fKk;kl;LNk. ,jdhy; kfj;jhd ,og;Gf;Fs;shfpapUg;gth;fs; njd;Mrpa kf;fNs.

Ks;sptha;f;fhy; mtyk;

jkpoPo tpLjiyg;GypfSf;Fk; ,yq;if ,uhZtj;jpw;Fkhd ,Wjpg; Nghupy; Ks;sptha;f;fhypy; filrp ,U jpdq;fspy;kl;Lk; ehw;gjhapuk; mg;ghtp jkpo; kf;fs; nfhy;yg;gl;ljhf [.ehmwpf;if $WfpwJ. Nghupd; Nguhy; ,yq;if muR Nkw;nfhz;l,t; ,dg; gLnfhiyapy; ,e;jpa muRf;Fk; gq;F cz;L vdkhfhzrig cWg;gpdh; mde;jp rrpjud; Fw;wk; rhl;bAs;shh;.,Wjp Aj;jj;jpy; ,e;jpah Neubahf jiyaPL elj;jpaJ vd;Wk;jkpoh;fis mopj;J xopj;Jtpl;L MW Mz;LfshfpAk; ,e;jpahnksdj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhfTk; mth; njuptpj;Js;shh;. ,e;jpa kj;jpamurpd; gpuzhg; Kfh;[p> ek;gpahh;> rptrq;fh; Nkdd; MfpNahupd;jpl;lj;jpw;F mika fiyQh; fUzhepjpapd; kfs; fdpnkhopNaruizilAkhW njhiyNgrpapy; 16.05.2009 md;W $wpajhfTk; mjw;F capNuhL ,Uf;Fk; Neubahd rhl;rp jhNdvd;Wk; Mde;jp $wpAs;shh;. fdpnkhop Mde;jpapd; ‘,e;jf;Fw;wr;rhl;il Mjhukw;wJ’ vd;W $wp epuhfupj;jNjhL> ‘Mde;jpahh; vd;W jdf;F njupahJ!’ vd;Wk; fpz;lyhf gjpy;mspj;Js;shh;.


Mdhy; mNjNtis ‘<oj; jkpoh; kPjhd ,g;gLnfhiyapy; ,e;jpahTk; gq;Fgw;wpapUf;fpwJ’ vd;Wk; ‘vdNt ,e;jpahTk;mjw;fhf tprhupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;’ vd rh;tNjr epGzh; FOnjuptpj;Js;sJ. epGzh; FOtpy; ,t;thwhd jPh;g;Gmspj;jth;fspd; ngaUk; mth;fs; gw;wpa tpguKk; tUkhW>

1. Nguh. Nldpa]; /gpau;];l;aPd;.ru;tNjr ,dg;gLnfhiyg; gw;wpahd NguwpQu;fs;

FOtpd; jiytu;> mu;[z;Bdhtpd; gpA+d]; mau;]; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; ,dg;gLnfhiyf;fhd ikaj;jpd; Nguhrpupau;.

2. jpU. nldp]; `hypNl>I.ehtpd; Jiz nghJr; nrayhsuhf ,Ue;jtu;.

I.ehtpd; 34 tUlq;fshf gzpahw;wp> <uhf;fpd; kPJ nghUshjhuj; jilia ghJfhg;G mit nfhz;L te;jij fz;bj;JJiz nghJr;nrayhsu; gjtpia ,uh[dpkh nra;jtu;.

3. Nguh.nrt;Ntd; fupgpahd;ru;tNjr ,dg;gLnfhiy rl;lepGzUk;> n[dpth

gy;fiyf;fofk; kw;Wk; ehr;nly; gy;fiyf;fofk; Mfpatw;wpy;ru;tNjr Fw;wtpay; rl;lk;> kw;Wk; rl;l jj;Jtk; Fwpj;jhdNguhrpupauhf ,Ug;gtu;. ,tu; muRfspd; Fw;wk; Fwpj;J Ma;Tnra;gtu;.


jkpo; ,d mopg;gpy; ,e;jpahTf;Fk; gq;F cz;L vd jPu;g;G toq;fpa ru;tNjr epGzu; FO

4. jpU. `hY}f; n[u;fu;. murpay; nray;ghl;bw;fhfj; JUf;fp murhy; rpiwg;gLj;jg;

gl;l mwpQu;. Fu;J kf;fspd; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F MjuT mspg;gtu;.

5. Nguh. kd;/g;ul; X p̀d;];>n[u;kdpapd; gpupnkd; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; murpay;

r%ftpay;> rl;lj;jpd; r%ftpay;Jiwg; Nguhrpupau;. ekPgpah.Nkw;F r`huhtpd; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;fhd MjuTg;Nghuhl;lj;jpypUe;jtu;. And];Nfhtpd; kdpj cupik kw;Wk;[dehafj;jpd; ,Uf;ifapid epu;tfpj;jtu;.

5. [hu;tp]; n`yd;. ,tu; fk;Nghbahtpy; epfo;e;j gLnfhiyfSf;fhd

fk;Nghba ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Jtf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J gzpahw;wpatu;.,dg;gLnfhiy Gupe;j Nfku; &[; murpd; kPjhd tprhuiziaxUq;fpizg;Gf; FOtpy; gzpahw;wpatu;. fk;Nghba bupG+dy;vd;W mwpag;gLk; ru;tNjr fyg;G tprhuiz ePjpkd;wj;jpy; kpfKf;fpa gzpahw;wpatu;.

6. tof;fwpQu;. N[h]; vypah]; v];NlNt Nkhy;l;Nlh.jpngj;jpw;fhd ru;tNjr tof;fwpQu;. jpngj; kw;Wk;

gu;khtpy; epfo;e;j Fw;wq;fs; Fwpj;J Ma;T nra;J tof;FfisgjpT nra;jtu;. thnyd;]pah gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; ru;tNjrrl;lj;Jiwg; Nguhrpupau;.

7. jpU. N[tpau; [puhy;Nlh nkhupaNdh nfhyk;gpahtpd; kdpj cupikr; nray;ghl;lhsu;.

,dg;gLnfhiyahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l r%fq;fis Ma;T nra;jtu;.kf;fs; jPu;g;ghaj;jpd; Jizj; jiytu;.

8. tof;fwpQu;. fhg;upay; nly;yh Nkhu;l;lh Uthz;lh ,dg;gLnfhiyf;fhd tof;fwpQuhf gzp

ahw;wpatu;. ru;tNjr Fw;wtpay; ePjpkd;wj;jpid cUthf;Ftjw;fhd murpd; gpujpepjpahf nray;gl;ltu;. A+f];yhtpahtpw;fhd ru;tNjr tprhuidf;fhd ru;tNjr ePjpkd;wj;jpy; rl;lj;Jiwapy; gzpahw;wpatu;. n[dPth kw;Wk; INuhg;gpa gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; rpwg;G Nguhrpupauhf ru;tNjr; rl;lk; Fwpj;Jgzpahw;Wgtu;.


9. jpU. Ma;];l;Bd; Nlntl;lu;Nehu;Nt ehl;bDila ru;tNjr rl;lk; Fwpj;jhd epGzu;.

gpypg;igd;]; ehl;by; ele;j rl;l tpNuhj gLnfhiyfs; Fwpj;JjPu;g;ghaj;jpy; gq;fspj;jtu;.

10. jpU. [u;dp khAq;f;gu;kh ehl;ilr; Nru;e;j kdpj cupikg; Nghuhsp.

nuh`pq;Nfh ,dg;gLnfhiy Fwpj;Jk;> mjpy; nrayw;Wg; NghdMq;f;rhq; Rfpapid mk;gyg;gLj;jpatu;.

,t;thW cyfpy; ngupJk; kjpf;fg;gLk; epGzh;fshy;‘,yq;ifapy; ele;j ,dg;gLnfhiyapy; ,e;jpahTf;Fk; gq;Fcz;nld;Wk; ,e;jpahitAk; tprhuiz nra;a Ntz;Lk;’vdf; $wpAs;sdh;. ,jw;F ,e;jpa tpRthrpfs; vd;d nrhy;yg;Nghfpwhh;fs;?

NghUf;F gpd;duhd epiyik

,d;W ,yq;ifapy; ,e;jpahTf;F %d;W Jhjuhyaq;fs;,Uf;fpd;wd. ,e;j rpwpa jPtpy; ,e;jpahTf;F kl;LNk ,t;thW%d;W Jhjuyhaq;fs; cs;sd. mjpy; xd;W aho;g;ghzj;jpy;cs;sJ. mjpy; JhJtuhf xU jkpoh; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.aho;g;ghzj;jpy; jkpo; kf;fspd; eyDf;fhf ,e;j ,e;jpaJhjufk; mikf;fg;gl;lJ vd;Nw vy;NyhUk; ek;gpdhh;fs;my;yJ ek;g itf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;. Mdhy; me;j ,e;jpa jkpo; Jhjh;

mth; fz; Kd;Nd eilngw;w ghypay;ty;YwTfs; Fwpj;J fUj;J vJTk; $wtpy;iy. me;j ,e;jpa jkpo; Jhjh; ,yq;if,uhZtj;jpd; ve;j mf;fpukq;fisAk;fz;bj;jjpy;iy. mth; jkpo; kf;fSf;F$wpaJ “ePq;fs; vy;NyhUk; rpq;fsk;gbAq;fs;” vd;gJ kl;LNk. jkpo; kf;fisrpq;fsk; gbf;FkhW $Wtjw;fhfth aho;g;ghzj;jpy; xU ,e;jpaj; Jhjuhyak;mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ?


jkpo; kf;fs;vy;NyhiuAk;

rpq;fsk; gbf;FkhW$wpa aho;

,e;jpa Jizj;J}ju; eluh[d;

Mq;fpNyaf; fhyj;jpy; fhydp ehLfspy; ,Ue;j it]ha;fisg; Nghd;Nw ,yq;ifapy; cs;s ,e;jpa JhJth;fs; ele;Jnfhs;fpd;wdh;. gjtp Vw;wJk; [dhjpgjp kfpe;j ,uh[gf;r ,e;jpaJhjiur; nrd;W re;jpj;jJ kl;Lky;y> N[.Mh; n[ath;j;jdhfhyj;jpy; ,e;jpaj; Jhjuha; ,Ue;j Bf;rpw; vOjpa Gj;jfj;ijg;gbf;Fk; NghJk; ,ij czh;e;J nfhs;s KbAk;.

",e;jpah vg;NghJk; jkpo; kf;fspd; eyDf;fhfg; ghLgl;LtUfpwJ. Gypfs; mikg;G Kl;lhs;jdkhf ,uh[Pt;fhe;jpiaf;nfhd;wjhy;jhd; ,e;jpah Gypfs; mikg;ig mopf;f ,yq;ifmuRf;F cjtpaJ" vd;W rpyh; mg;ghtpj;jdkha; ek;Gfpwhh;fs;.Gypfs; ,uh[Pt;fhe;jpiaf; nfhd;wpUf;fhtpbDk;$l ,e;jpamurhy; mth;fs; mopf;fg;gl;bUg;ghh;fs; vd;gNj cz;ikahFk;.Vnddpy; Gypfs; jhq;fs; gykhf ,Uf;Fk; tiuapy; jkpo;g; gFjpfspy; ,e;jpahitNah my;yJ NtW ve;j ntspr; rf;jpfisNahjkpo;g; gpuNjrq;fspd; tsq;fisr; Ruz;lNth my;yJnfhs;isabf;fNth mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;fpy;Gypfs; Kw;whf mopf;fg;gl;lJk; mg;gpuNjrq;fs; ahTk; ,e;jpahTf;F jhiuthh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jpypUe;J KO ,yq;ifiaAk;ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhfNt ,e;jpah Gypfis mopf;f ,yq;ifmuRf;F cjtpAs;sJ vd;gij czh;e;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ.

jkpo; kf;fspd; gpuNjrkhd tlkhfhzj;jpy; gyhyptpkhd epiyak;> fhq;Nfre;Jiwr; rPnke;Jj; njhopw;rhiy>fhq;Nfre;Jiwj; JiwKfk;> kd;dhupy; vz;nza; tay;fs;>fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; Gy;Nkhl;il fdpk tsq;fs;> rk;G+upy;mdy;kpd;rhuk;> rk;G+h; ,wq;FJiw> jpUNfhzkiy ,aw;ifj;JiwKfk; kw;Wk; vz;nza;f; Fjq;fs; vd Kf;fpakhdvy;yhtw;iwAk; jkpo; kf;fs; jw;NghJ ,e;jpahtplk; gwpnfhLj;Jtpl;L epw;fpwhh;fs;. jkpo; kf;fSf;F cjtp nra;tjhff; $wp ,dg;gpur;ridapy; jiyapl;l ,e;jpah ,d;W KO ,yq;ifiaAk;Mf;fpukpj;jpUg;gijf; fz; Kd;Nd fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.


,yq;if kf;fspd; Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;l tuyhW

,yq;if xU rpwpa jPTjhd;. Mdhy; me;j jPtpd;

kf;fNsh tPuk; nrwpe;j Nghuhl;l tuyhw;wpd; nrhe;jf;fhuh;fs;.

,yq;if kf;fs; vg;NghJk; mePjpf;Fk; Mf;fpukpg;Gf;Fk; vjpuhf

Nghuhb te;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. mz;ikf; fhyq;fspy; mth;fsJ

Nghh;f;Fzk; kil khw;wg;gl;L jk;kpilNa Nkhjpf; nfhz;lhYk;

,d;Dk; mth;fsJ Nghh;f; Fzk; Fiwe;Jtpltpy;iy.

kd;dh; fhyj;jpy; njd;dpe;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J gy

kd;dh;fs; gilnaLj;jNghJk; ve;j kd;dh;fshYk; KO

,yq;ifiaAk; gyfhyk; mth;fshy; mbikg;gLj;jp

itj;jpUf;f Kbatpy;iy. mjd; gpd;dh; fhydpa

fhyj;jpYk;$l Nghh;j;Jf;Nfah; ,yq;ifapd; fiuNahuj;ijNa

ifg;gw;wpdhh;fs;. mijf;$l mth;fshy; 100 tUlq;fSf;F

Nky; itj;jpUf;f Kbatpy;iy. mjd; gpd;dh; te;j

xy;yhe;jh;fSk; ,yq;ifapd; fiuNahuj;ijNa ifg;gw;w

Kbe;jJ. mth;fSk; 100 tUlq;fSf;F Nky; ,yq;ifia

itj;jpUf;f Kbatpy;iy. mjd; gpd;dh; te;j Mq;fpNyah;fs;

KO ,yq;ifiaAk; ifg;gw;wpapUe;jhYk; mth;fshy; 150

tUlj;jpw;F Nky; itj;jpUf;f Kbatpy;iy. vq;NfNah

Jhuj;jpy; ,Ue;j ,yl;r jPTfisAk;> me;jkhd; jPTfisAk; $l

,e;jpahTld; ,izj;j Mq;fpNyah;fshy; mUfpy; ,Ue;j

,yq;ifj; jPit ,e;jpahTld; ,izf;f Kbatpy;iy.

Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpd;dh; fh];kPh;> rpf;fpk; Nghd;w ehLfis

,e;jpahTld; ,izj;j ,Uk;G kdpjh; gl;NlyhYk; $l

,yq;ifia ,e;jpahTld; ,izf;f Kbatpy;iy. ,th;fs;

vy;NyhuhYk; ,yq;ifia mbikg;gLj;j Kbahikf;F

fhuzk; ,yq;if kf;fspd; mbikj;jdj;jpw;F vjpuhd

czh;Tk; mjw;fhd tPuk; nrwpe;j Nghuhl;l Fzhk;rKNk.


,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;gpy; ,Ue;J

tpLgLtJ vg;gb?

,d;W ,yq;ifia ,e;jpah KOikahf Mf;fpu

kpj;Js;sikia rpy cjhuzq;fs; %yk; ,Jtiu fz;Nlhk;.

Mdhy; ,d;Wk;$l ,j;jidiaAk; Rl;bf;fhl;bAk; $l ,e;jpa

Mf;fpukpg;G vd;gij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shky; mjhtJ ,e;jpah jkpo;

kf;fSf;F ed;ik nra;Ak; vd;W ek;gpf;nfhz;L rpyh;

,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;. mJTk; rpy jkpo; Ma;thsh;fs; ‘,yq;ifapy;

rPdh Mjpf;fk; mjpfupj;Jtpl;lJ’ vd;Wk; ‘vdNt rPdhTf;F

vjpuhf jkpo; kf;fSf;F ,e;jpah cjtp nra;Ak;’ vd;Wk; murpay;

Ma;Tfs; vOjpf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;.

,d;Dk; rpyh; ‘jw;Nghija ,e;jpa muR (Nkhb - gp.N[.gp

muR) ,e;Jkjr; rhh;ghdJ’ vd;Wk;> ‘vdNt ",e;J jkpoPok;"

Nfhupdhy; mJ epr;rak; cjtp nra;Ak;’ vd;Wk; $Wfpwhh;fs;.

cyfpy; xNu ‘,e;J ehL’ vd mwpag;gl;l Neghs ehl;bw;F ,e;jpa

muR cjtp nra;atpy;iy. khwhf ,yq;ifia Mf;fpukpj;jJ

Nghy; Neghsj;ijAk; Mf;fpukpf;f Kay;fpwJ. ,e;j ,e;jpa

Mf;fpu kpg;gpw;F vjpuhf Neghs kf;fs; xd;wpize;J ghupa

vjph;g;gpid mz;ikapy; njuptpj;Js;shh;fs;. ,jid njupe;J

nfhz;Lk; ,yq;ifapy; ",e;Jj; jkpoPok;" mikf;f ,e;jpah

cjTk; vd;W ,th;fs; vg;gb ek;Gfpwhh;fs;? ,e;jpahthdJ

Nrhrypr jkpoPoj;ijNah my;yJ ,e;J jkpoPoj;ijNah my;yJ

ve;jnthU jkpoPoj;ijANkh mikf;f xUNghJk; cjtg;Nght

jpy;iy. jkpo; kf;fspd; tpLjiyf;F ,e;jpah xUNghJk;

cjthJ> khwhf jkpo; kf;fspd; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ij

eRf;Fk; xU vjpupahfNt ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j cz;ikia

,dpahtJ midtUk; czh;e;J nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.


,e;jpa muRf;F vjpuhf fh];kPh; kf;fs; NghuhLfpwhh;fs;.kzpg;G+h; kf;fs; NghuhLfpwhh;fs;. ehfyhe;J kf;fs; NghuhLfpwhh;fs;. mrhk;> jpupGuh kf;fs; NghuhLfpwhh;fs;.khNthap];Lf;fs; jiyikapy; Mjpthrp kf;fs; NghuhLfpwhh;fs;. ,e;j kf;fspd; Nghuhl;lq;fis vy;yhk; <T ,uf;fk;,d;wp ,e;jpa muR jdJ ,uhZtj;jpd; %yk; eRf;fp tUfpwJ.,t;thW jd; nrhe;j kf;fisNa eRf;fp tUk; ,e;jpa muR,yq;ifapy; jkpo; kf;fSf;F cjTk; vd;W ek;Gk; rpyupd;Kl;lhs;j;jdj;ij vd;dntd;W miog;gJ?

,e;jpa muR juF Kjyhspfspd; murhFk;. mjdhy;j;jhd; mJ jdJ ngupare;ijia mnkupf;f ,u\;akw;Wk; gpupj;jhdpa ty;yuRfs;Ruz;Ltjw;F mDkjpj;JtUfpd;wJ. ,e;jpa ngupare;ijf;fhf ,yq;if Nghd;wehLfspd; rpwpa re;ijia,of;f ,e;j ty;yuR ehLfs;jahuhf cs;sd. vdNt jhd;mt; Vfhjpgj;jpa ehLfs;,e;jpah jdJ ‘ngupaz;izj;jdj;ij’ ,yq;if Nghd;wmjd; mUfpy; cs;s rpwpa

ehLfspy; fhl;Ltjw;Fk;> Mf;fpukpj;J Ruz;Ltjw;Fk;mDkjpf;fpd;wd. vdNt ,e;jpahtpw;;F vjpuhf mnkupf;fhcjTk;> gpupj;jhdpah cjTk; vd ek;GtJk; Kl;lhs;j;jdkhfNt ,Uf;Fk;.

,e;jpah ,yq;ifia kl;Lk; Mf;fpukpf;ftpy;iy. mJjd; mUfpy; cs;s khiyjPit Mf;fpukpf;fpwJ. mJ Neghsk;>G+l;lhd; Nghd;w ehLfisAk; Mf;fpukpf;fpwJ.


,yq;if kPjhd ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G

mJ gq;fshNj];> ghfp];jhd; ehLfisAk; Mf;fpukpf;fKay;fpwJ. ,t;thW mJ jd; mUfpy; cs;s ehLfs; midj;ijAk; Mf;fpukpj;Jr; Ruz;l KidfpwJ. mJ jd;id njd;fpof;FMrpahtpd; ,e;J rKj;jpu gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; xU ‘ngupaz;iz’ahffUjp ehl;lhik nra;a Kay;fpwJ. ,jid cyf uTbahdmnkupf;f ty;yuRk; mDkjpf;fpwJ. vdNt ,e;jpaMf;fpukpg;Gf;F vjpuhf NghuhLtjw;F mnkupf;fh kw;Wk; ve;jnthU ty;yuRk; kf;fSf;F cjtg; Nghtjpy;iy. cyfehLfis jk;kpilNa $WNghl;Lf; nfhs;tNj Vfhjpgj;jpaehLfspd; mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghL MFk;. ,yq;ifia ,e;jpahjd; Mjpf;fj;jpw;Fs; itj;Jf;nfhs;s Vfhjpgj;jpa ehLfspilNavOjg;glhj xU xg;ge;jk; cz;L.

VjhtJ xU ty;yurpd; mbtUbahf ,Ue;Nj murpay;gpiog;ig elj;jp tUfpd;w ,yq;if Ml;rpahsh;fs; ,e;jpaMf;fpukpg;ig tpul;babg;ghh;fs; vd;W vjph;ghh;g;gJ Kl;lhs;jdkhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. ,th;fs; jkJ Ml;rp eyd;fSf;fhfKOikahf kz;bapLth; my;yJ vy;iyf;Fl;gl;L vjph;g;gh;.vdNt ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;ig Kw;wpYk; tpul;babf;fTk;Vfhjpgj;jpaq;fspd; gpbapy; ,Ue;J ,yq;ifia KOikahftpLtpf;fTk; ,yq;ifapy; xU cz;ikahd [dehaf muirmikf;fTk; typikAs;s xU Gul;rpfu ,af;fk; tsh;tNj,yq;if kf;fSf;F rupahd jPh;thf mikAk;.

Njhoh; jkpourd;> kw;Wk; Njhoh; rz;Kfjhrd; MfpNahh;Rl;bf; fhl;baij Vw;Wf; nfhs;s md;iwa Nghuhl;l mikg;Gfs;jtwp tpl;ld. mjd; tpisit ,d;W jkpo; kf;fs; cl;gl,yq;if kf;fs; midtUk; mDgtpf;fpd;whh;fs;. ,dpahtJjkpo; kf;fSf;fhf NghuhLk; mikg;Gfs; ,th;fspd; $w;iwg;Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jkpo;> rpq;fs ciof;Fk; kf;fs;kl;Lky;y jkpofj;jpy; cs;s Gul;rpfu mikg;GfSlDk;xd;Wgl;L> [f;fpag;gl;L NghuhLtjd; %yNk ,e;jpaMf;fpukpg;gpy; ,Ue;J tpLgl KbAk;.


,yq;if ,dthj murpay; jiyth;fs; jkpo; kf;fs;>rpq;fs kf;fs; vd ,U rhuhiuAk; Vkhw;wp tUfpwhh;fs;. ,dq;fSf;fpilNa ,dthjj;ijj; Jhz;b> ,dq;fSf;fpilNaNkhjy;fis cUthf;fp> kf;fis gpsT gLj;jp> Kjyhspj;JtMjpf;fj;ij epiy epWj;j Kay;fpwhh;fs; vd;gij jkpo; rpq;fskf;fs; midtUk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. nghJ vjpupf;Fvjpuhf midj;J kf;fSk; xd;Wgl;L vy;yh KidfspYk;Nghupl Kd; tu Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;ig kl;Lky;ymidj;J Vfhjpgj;jpa CLUty; fisAk; tpul;babf;fhj tiujkpo; rpq;fs kf;fSf;F cz;ikahd tpLjiyNah md;wpRje;jpuNkh rhj;jpak; ,y;iy.


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