迎接 64 位元進入伺服器主流市場

葉怡君 Cathy Yeh資深產品行銷經理台灣微軟 伺服器平台事業部

作業系統 歷史回顧

XENIXMS-DOS

Windows

Windows 3.0

Windows 3.1Windows for Workgroups

Windows NT 3.1

Windows NT 3.5

Windows 95Windows NT 3.51

Windows 98

Windows MeWindows 2000

Windows XP

Windows Server 2003

記憶體定址 64-bitWindows

32-bitWindows

Virtual Memory 16 TB 4 GB

Paging file 512 TB 16 TB

Paged pool 128 GB 470 MB

Nonpaged pool 128 GB 256 MB

System cache 1 TB 1 GB

64-bit架構支援更大的記憶體

> 程式使用更大的資料組，執行速度更快> 事先載入所需的資料，存取更快速> 降低使用虛擬記憶體的機會

Server App Address Space

Physical Memory

4 GB

12 GB

AWE Window

AWE Memory

Available x64 Processors: IntelIntel EM64T Family

Desktops and NotebooksPentium 4 HT, HT Extreme, Pentium D, Pentium Extreme, Core 2 Duo and Core 2 Duo Extreme, Core 2 Quad

ServersXeon, Xeon MP, Dual-Core Xeon 3000, Quad Core 5300, 5100 and 7000 Sequences

To support x64 virtualization, you need VT-enabled processors—only the 3000, 5000 and 7000 series include VT

VT may be disabled in BIOSUse VMware x64 validation utility to tell: http://www.vmware.com/pdf/processor_check.pdf

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Available x64 Processors: AMD

AMD Opteron: servers and workstationsAMD Athlon 64: desktops and notebooks, some serversAMD Turion 64 mobile technology: notebooksX2 versions include dual-coreAll processors using 90nm Silicon on Insulator (SOI) fabrication process support x64 virtualization (since 2004)Quad core coming in 2007

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Paths to 64-bit Windows目前多數的 Server 屬於 pure 32-bit今天 , 您可以同時將 32-bit 及 64-bit 應用程式執行在Windows Server x64 作業系統上 . 未來會有愈來愈多 pure 64-bit 應用程式

32-bitServer Hardware

32-bitDevice Drivers

32-bitWindows OS

32-bitApplications

Pure 32-bit Stack

x64

32-bit

32-bit

32-bit

x64

x64

x64

x64

x64

x64

x64

Pure 64-bit Stack

32-bit

x64

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Operating System 32-bit x86 64-bit x64 64-bit Itanium

Up to 32-way,128 GB RAM

Up to 64-way,1 TB RAM

Up to 64-way,1 TB RAM

Up to 8-way,64 GB RAM

Up to 8-way,1 TB RAM

Up to 8-way,1 TB RAM

Up to 4-way,4 GB RAM

Up to 4-way,32 GB RAM

n/a

Up to 2-way,2 GB RAM

n/a n/a

Up to 2-way4 GB RAM

Up to 2-way128 GB RAM n/a

Up to 2-way4 GB RAM

Up to 2-way128 GB RAM n/a

Windows x64 Family – 中文版已Ready!

© 2007, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd. 7Source: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/888732

64 位元應用範疇

> 資料庫> 終端服務> 商用程式 (ERP, etc.)> 目錄服務 (AD, etc.)> 網路主機> 高效能運算 (HPC)

> 工程計算運用> 3-D 遊戲> 視訊及編輯> 數位內容製作

適用於 64 位元 Server 的應用

Technical ComputingEspecially: HPC Clusters

Active DirectoryEspecially data stores larger than 2 GB

Web Serving (IIS 6.0)Improves reliability by reducing cache recycling

DatabaseEspecially: OLTP, OLAP, Data Warehouse, Business Intelligence

Business ApplicationsEspecially: ERP, SCM, CRM, and custom LOB

Terminal ServicesEspecially: 32-bit client applications on x64 servers

Focus on resource-intensive workloads, keep low-level roles for 32-bit systems (Smaller ADs, DNS, DHCP, WINS, VPN and RRAS, File & Print and so on)

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VirtualizationEspecially: Labs, Development, Production

Database on x64 > Large databases lack sufficient memory address space on 32-bit systems, which

limits performance and scalability> Windows Server 2003 x64 Editions relieve this problem by providing:

> nearly unlimited virtual memory address space (4000x larger)> Even 32-bit databases benefit from the additional virtual memory,

> Support for more physical memory allows larger portions of the database to reside in RAM

Case Study> Problem

> Fortune 100 company needed to analyze ongoing effects to revenue caused by discounting, foreign exchange rates, etc.

> Data spanned 20 million historic price points and 14 million sales line items> Relatively simple queries took 8 hours to process on 2-way 32-bit server

> Solution> Windows Server 2003 x64 Edition with SQL Server Yukon on 4-way x64 server

> Impact: > Query time reduced from 8 hours to 5 minutes

Business Applications on x64 > As business applications grow, they frequently need both greater processing power

and more memory> In a 32-bit environment, this typically causes I/O constraints and limits the

number of end-users that can be supported> Windows Server 2003 x64 Editions relieve this problem by providing:

> nearly unlimited virtual memory address space (4000x larger)> Up to 1 TB of physical memory

> Supports more users per server

Case Study> Problem

> Fortune 100 company needed to speed daily batch processing of their SAP implementation

> IT needed to make rapid upgrade without extensive disruption> Solution

> Migrated 2-way 32-bit server to 4-way x64 server running Windows Server 2003 x64 and x64 version of SAP R/3

> Impact: > Batch processing times reduced by 67% (from 180 minutes to 60

minutes)

Terminal Services on x64 > Terminal Services deployments are limited by available kernel address space on

32-bit systems> This effectively caps the number of users that can be supported, regardless of

how much memory or CPUs that are added> Windows Server 2003 x64 Editions relieve this problem by providing larger kernel

address space> 170x larger PTE> 272x larger paged pool memory> 500x larger non-paged pool mem

Benchmark> Using identical 4-way, dual-core servers with 16 GB RAM, Windows Server 2003 x64 supported

170% more users than 32-bit Windows Server 2003> Workload simulates information workers using Microsoft Office

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32-bit x64

Web Serving with IIS 6.0 on x64 > Web servers increasingly host large, distributed applications that place extensive

demands on I/O> Over time, worker processes run out of virtual address space in a 32-bit

environment, forcing cache to recycle> End-user experiences delays and/or errors

> Windows Server 2003 x64 with IIS 6.0 dramatically reduces cache recycling for large web applications, improving overall reliability and end-user experience

Case Study> Problem

> Fortune 100 company with large international website found worker process uptimes were just 5 minutes during peak loads

> IT needed rapid solution that would preserve their investment in 32-bit ASP.net code> Solution

> Migrated to Windows Server 2003 x64 running IIS 6.0 with 32-bit ASP.net

> Impact: > Improved process uptimes from 5 minutes to several weeks> No code changes to ASP.net applications required

Active Directory on x64 > Active Directory data stores larger than 2GB (roughly 10k objects) must be stored

on disk in 32-bit environments, significantly impacting performance> Additional servers may be required to meet same SLAs

> Windows Server 2003 x64 Editions allow large Active Directory data stores to be entirely resident in RAM, dramatically improving performance> Improved I/O buffering> Reduced load on I/O subsystem> Faster replication of changes

Case Study> Large multinational dedicated nine Active Directory domain controllers to their Exchange 2003

implementation to support rich query load> Scale out required to maintain desired performance levels> Company migrated to Windows Server 2003 x64 Editions

> Impact: > Consolidated 9 domain controllers down to 4 with equal or better

performance

Technical Computing on x64 > Technical Computing, and High-Performance Computing Clusters (HPCC) in

particular, is both memory-intensive and computationally intensive> The memory barriers inherent with 32-bit systems limit the performance of

HPC clusters> Windows Server 2003 x64 Editions relieve this problem by providing nearly

unlimited virtual address space> Forms foundation for forthcoming Compute Cluster Edition

Case Study> Problem

> Fortune 100 company using 32-bit software to analyze portfolio risk unable to complete queries rapidly

> As assets outgrew 32-bit server capacity, data needed to be split and queries would take up to 40 hours to complete

> Solution> Migrate existing 32-bit analysis software to Windows Server 2003 x64 Editions

> Impact: > Query times reduced by 67% (from 40 hours to 13 hours)

Server Virtualization 應用範幬

Test and Development

Business Continuity Management

Dynamic Datacenter

Production Server Consolidation

Windows Server 64-bit 之於 32-bit 效能提昇

支援 x64 Server 的 Microsoft Application

> Exchange Server 2007 (64-bit only)> SQL Server 2005 (most editions)> BizTalk Server 2006> Commerce Server 2007> System Center Operations Manager 2007> Virtual Server 2007

全球已有超過 5000 個軟硬體解決方案

*Windows x64 平台擁有向下相容的特性，此處包括 32 及 64 位元應用程式 `, 大多數是在伺服器端，預期將在 Windows x64 產品上市前後推出

如何開始先採用 Windows Server 64-bit 作業系統 , 再將應用程式轉移到 64-bit

優先轉移Terminal Services

Database ApplicationsVirtualization

32-bit 應用程式執行在 64-bit 作業系統上使用者模式下應用程式 , 仍然可以用 WOW64 (Windows on Windows 64) 的方式與 64-bit 作業系統相容核心模式下的驅動程式或是應用程式 , 則需改寫

為舊有的 32-bit 硬體及應用做轉移計劃採用 .NET Framework 2.0 以上的開發架構

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結論x64 技術已經成熟

硬體 Ready (Intel, AMD 已全面支援 )Server 大廠已全面支援 Windows Server x64 版本 , 已逐漸解決 driver 相容性問題Microsoft 大部份的 Server 產品 , 已支援 x64 架構32-bit 應用程式可執行在 x64 作業系統，没有相容性問題 ( 除非自行開發 kernel driver)如果應用程式要充份利用 x64 架構的延展性，則需採用 .NET Framework 2.0 以上技術進行改寫採用 64-bit 硬體及作業系統不需較高的費用

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© 2003-2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.